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READER'S    HANDBOOK 

OP 

ALLUSIONS,  REFERENCES,  PLOTS 

AND  STORIES 

WITH    TWO    APPBVDIOBS 

'    E.  COBHAM  ^REWER,  LL.D. 

TRINITY  HALL,  CAMBRIDGK 
AirraOK   f>W  "  DICnOMAKY  or  PHKASB  and  PABLB  "  AND  "  GVIOB  TO  SCIBMCB." 


V  PHILADELPHIA 

J.    B.  LIPPINCOTT   &    CO. 

1880 


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HARVARD 

UNIVERSITY 

LIBRARY 
FEB  t3  1962 


TO  MT  itivatenta, 
NELLIE    AND    AMY, 

BY  THEIB 

AFFECTIONATE  FATHER 


P  R  B  P  A  0  B. 


Tm  object  of  this  Handbook  Is  to  supply  roadera  and  speakers  wHh  a  Incid, 
Uit  Tery  brief  account  of  such  names  as  are  used  in  allusions  and  references^ 
whether  by  poets  or  prose  writers, — to  furnish  those  who  consult  it  with 
the  plot  of  popular  dramas,  the  story  of  epic  poems,  and  the  outline  of 
well-known  tales.    Who  has  not  asked  what  such  and  such  a  book  is  about  ? 
tnd  who  would  not  be  glad  to  hare  his  question  answered  correctly  in  a  few 
words  ?    When  the  title  of  a  play  is  mentioned,  who  has  not  felt  a  desire  to 
know  who  was  the  author  of  it?~for  it  seems  a  uniyersal  practice  to  allude 
to  tbo  title  of  dramas  without  stating  the  author.    And  when  reference  is 
made  to  some  character,  who  has  not  wished  to  know  something  specific  about 
the  person  referred  to?    The  object  of  this  Handbook  is  to  supply  these 
wants.    Thus,  it  gives  in  a  few  lines  the  story  of  Homer's  Hiad  and  Odysatyy 
of  Yiigirs  .^ntid,  Lucan's  Pharsedia,  and  the  Tliebaid  of  Statius ;  of  DantS*^ 
DwMie  Comedy,  Ariosto*8  OHando  Furio90,  and  Tasso's  Jeruacdem  Delivered ; 
of  Milton's  Paradiae  Lost  and  Paradise  Regained;  of  Thomson's  Seasons; 
of  Oasian's  tales,  the  Ntbelungen  Lied  of  the  Qerman  minnesingers,  the 
Bommes  if  the  Rose,  the  Ltuiad  of  Camocns,  the  Loves  of  TkeagenSs  and 
Charieleia  by  Heliodoms  (fourth  century),  with  the  several  story  poems 
of  dkaucer,  Gbwer,  Piers    Plowman^  Hawes,    Spenser,  Drayton,  Phineas 
Flptcber,  Prior,  Goldsmith,  Campbell,  8outhey,  Byron,  Scott,  Moore,  Tenny- 
son, Longfellow,  and  so  on.    Far  from  limiting  its  scope  to  poets,  the  Hand- 
U»k  tells,  with  similar  bievity,  the  stories  of  our  national  fairy  tales  and 
ramanoes,  such   novels  as  those   by  Charles  Dickens,    Vanity  nFair  by 
Thackeray,  the  Basselas  of  Johnson,    Otdliver*s   Travels  by  Swift,  the 
*^timeHtal  Journey  by  Sterne,  Don  Quixote  and  Oil  Bias,  TelemacAus  by 
Fenebn,  and    Undine  by  De  la  Motte  Fouqu4.    Great  pains  have  been 
taken  with  the  Arthurian  stories,  whether  from  sir  T.  Malory's  collection  or 
from  the  Mahinogion,  because  Tennyson  has  brought  them  to  the  front 


Tiii  PREFACE. 


in  his  Idylls  of  the  King;  and  the  number  of  dramatic  plots  sketched  out 
is  many  hundreds. 

Another  striking  and  interesting  feature  of  the  book  is  the  revelation  of 
the  source  from  wliich  dramatists  and  romancers  have  derived  their  stories, 
and  the  strange  repetitions  of  historic  incidents.  Compare,  for  example,  the 
stratagem  of  the  wooden  horse  by  which  lYoy  was  taken,  with  those  of  Abu 
Obeidah  in  the  siege  of  Arrestan,  and  that  of  the  capture  of  Sark  from  the 
French,  p.  454.  Compare,  again,  Dido's  cutting  the  hide  into  strips,  with 
the  story  about  the  Yakutsks,  p.  164 ;  that  of  Romulus  and  l^mus,  with  the 
story  of  Tyro,  p.  843 ;  the  Shibboleth  of  Scripture  stoiy,  with  those  of  the 
"Sicilian  Vespers,**  and  of  the  Danes  on  St.  Bryce*s  Day,  p.  904 ;  the  story 
of  Pisistratos  and  his  two  sons,  with  that  of  Cosmo  de  Medici  and  his  two 
grandsons,  p.  771;  the  death  of  Marcus  Licinius  Crassus,  with  that  of 
Manlius  Nepos  Aquilius,  p.  392 ;  and  the  famous  "  Douglas  larder,**  with 
the  larder  of  Wallace  at  Ardrossan,  p.  269.  Witness  the  numerous  tales 
resembling  that  of  William  Tell  and  the  apple,  p.  980 ;  of  the  Pied  Piper  ot 
Hamclin,  p.  766 ;  of  Llewellyn  and  his  dog  Qelert,  p.  369 ;  of  bishop  Hatto 
and  the  rats,  p.  429 ;  of  Ulysses  aud  Poly phemos,  p.  1050 ;  and  of  lord  Lovers 
bride,  p.  571.  Witness,  again,  the  parallelisms  of  David  in  his  flight  from 
Saul,  and  that  of  Mahomet  from  the  Koreishites,  p.  937 ;  of  Jephtha  and  his 
daughter,  and  the  tale  of  Idomeneus  of  Crete,  or  that  of  Agamemnon  aud 
Iphigenia,  p.  491 ;  of  Paris  and  Sextus,  p.  895 ;  Salome  and  Fulvia,  p.  864 ; 
St.  Patrick  preaching  to  king  0*Kcil,  and  St  Areed  before  the  king  of 
Abysidnia,  p.  738 ;  with  scores  of  others  mentioned  in  this  Handbook. 

In  the  appendix  are  added  two  lists,  which  will  lie  found  of  great  use : 
the  first  contains  the  date  and  author  of  the  several  dramatic  works  set 
down ;  and  the  second,  the  date  of  the  divers  poems  or  novels  given  under 
their  author's  name. 

To  ensure  accuracy,  every  work  alluded  to  in  this  large  volume  has  been 
read  personally  by  the  author  expressly  for  this  Handbook,  and  since  the 
compilation  was  commenced ;  for  although,  at  the  beginning,  a  few  others 
were  employed  for  the  sake  of  despatch,  the  author  read  over  for  himself, 
while  the  sheets  were  passing  through  the  press,  the  works  put  into  their 
hands.  The  very 'minute  references  to  words  and  phrases,  book  and  chapter, 
act  and  scene,  often  to  page  and  line,  will  be  sufiBcient  guarantee  to  the  reader 
that  thia  assertion  is  not  overstated. 

The  work  is  in  a  measure  novel,  and  cannot  fieul  to  be  usefuL  It  is  owned 
that  Charles  Lamb  has  told,  and  told  well,  the  Tales  of  Shakespeare ;  but 
Charles  Lamb  has  occupied  more  pages  with  each  tale  than  the  Handbook 
lias  lines.  It  is  also  true  that  an  '*  Argument*'  is  generally  attached  to  each 
book  of  an  epic  story ;  but  the  reading  of  these  rhapsodies  is  like  reading  an 


PREFACE. 


iadflx — few  have  patience  to  wade  through  them,  and  fewer  still  ohtain  there- 
from any  clear  idea  of  the  spirit  of  the  actors,  or  the  progress  of  the  story. 
Brevity  has  been  the  aim  of  this  Handbook,  but  clearness  has  not  been 
ncrificed  to  terseness;  and  it  has  been  borne  in  mind  throughout  that  it 
is  not  enough  to  state  a  fact, — it  must  be  stated  attractively,  and  the 
eharacter  described  must  be  drawn  characteristically,  if  the  reader  is  to 
appredate  it,  and  feel  an  interest  in  what  he  reads. 

It  would  be  most  imjust  to  conclude  this  preface  without  publicly 
scknowled^ng  the  great  obligation  which  the  author  owes  to  the  printer's 
reader  while  the  sheets  were  passing  through  the  press.  He  seems  to  have 
entered  into  the  very  spirit  of  the  book ;  his  judgment  has  been  sound,  his 
queries  have  been  intelligent,  his  suggestions  invaluable,  and  even  some  of 
the  artides  were  supplied  by  him. 

Notwithstanding  the  care  of  both  of  us,  some  few  errors  in  the  earlier 
parts  of  the  book  escaped  notice  till  it  was  too  late  to  correct  them,  and  that 
these  errors  may  not  be  perpetuated,  a  table  of  corrigenda  is  given  on  tlie 
next  page. 

Thb  Author. 
Lavani,  ClUeheslerm 


Tbon  venet  Introduced  but  not  ilgned,  or  dgned  with  initials  only,  are  I7  the  author  of  the 
Handbook.  They  are  the  Stomello  Vereea,  p.  948;  None*  and  Ides.  p.  689 ;  the  Seven  Wise  Men, 
p.  tm;  the  Seven  Wonders  of  the  World,  p.  894;  and  Uie  foUowitig  transUUons :— L^caii's  "Ser^ 
penta,"  p.  7S9;  "Veni  Wakefield  peranuenum,"  p.  373;  spedmen  of  Tyrtans,  p.  1047 ;  '^Yoe  non 
ToMa,"?.  1075;  - Rol d'Yvetot,"  p.  113S;  -Non  amo  tc"p.  U3S;  Marot's  epigram,  p.  669;  epigram 
m  a  riolin,  p.  1079 ;  epignun  on  the  Fair  lloflamond,  p.  844  ;  the  Heidelberg  ton,  p.  1040 ;  Diamaa  and 
Oeamaa.  pp.  148, 375 ;  -  Boger  Bontcmpe,"  p.  839 ;  •«  Le  bon  roi  Dagobert,"  p.  678 ;  "  Panvre  Jacqnes," 
p.  741 ;  VliiEirs  epitaph,  p.  1070;  **Canctis  mare,"  p.  874;  "Ni  fallat  latum,"  p.  879;  8t.  Elmo, 
p.  859 ;  Baviad,  etc,  pp.  85,  691 ;  aereral  oracular  responaea  (see  Pbophect,  p.  796 ;  Woodeii 
Walxj^P.  1117;  etc);  andmanyothcn.  The  chief  ol^  of  this  note  la  to  pcerent  any  naelMS 
karcfa  after  these  trifles. 


CONTENTS  OF  THE   VOLUME. 

Aoimftb  admitted  iato  paradifle,  p.  983 ;  ammala  with  hamaa  speech,  p.  1073. 

Atheos,  ihe  violet-crowned  city,  p.  1070. 

Authors  and  dates  of  dramas,  operas,  and  oratorios.  Appendix  I. 

(Mdren  of  pceoodoos  genius,  p.  789 ;  calculating  bojs,  p.  149. 

Cariosities  connected  with  dates,  dynasties,  names,  and  letters  (see  M). 

IXates  of  poems,  novels,  tales,  and  so  on,  of  our  best  authors.  Appendix  II 

Death  by  wild  horses,  p.  1102 ;  death  from  strange  causes,  p.  242. 

Dying  words  of  historic  characters,  p.  282. 

Ebstic  tents,  ships,  horses,  and  carpets,  p.  983. 

Bod  of  the  world,  p.  1118 ;  an  endless  tale,  p.  615,  ool.  2,  last  Bit 

JSmn  of  references  and  illustrations,,  pp.  301-7 ;  anachronisms,  p.  34 ;  eta 

Kiaminations,  stock  books  and  pieces  for,  p.  1009. 

Fbote^  £tfrago  of  nonsense,  p*  727 ;  **  An  Austrian  army  •  .  •"  p.  719 ;  Tom 

TuM^s  T  totals,  p.  968;  Stomello  Yorses,  p.  948;  ^'The  cipher  you 

ai^  for,"  p.  190. 
Bannoiuous  blacksmith,  who,  and  where  he  lived,  p.  1096. 
Historical,  l^endary,  dramatic,  and  other  parallels. 
Kings  of  Ireland,  p.  1049,  art.  Ulster  ;  kings  of  England,  p.  617 ;  kings  oi 

France,  p.  618 ;  surnames  of  kings,  pp.  511-16.    (See  Sovebeions.) 

Legends,  such  as  **  The  Devil's  Dyke,"  Brighton,  p.  249 ;  the  "  Jackdaw  of 
Bhdms,**  p.  826 ;  the  sinner  saved,  p.  915 ;  and  many  others. 

of  bo^  names,  p.  675 ;  of  noted  diamonds  and  nuggets,  dwarfs  and 
giants,  fools  and  jesters ;  favourites  of  great  men,  p.  673 ;  improvisators ; 
kings  with  character  names,  pp.  611-16;  knights;  literary  impost(HV, 
pp.  469-70 ;  of  lives  exceeding  100  years,  p.  564 ;  of  lord  mayors  who  have 
founded  noble  houses,  p.  626 ;  of  medical  quacks,  yp.  804-6 ;  of  the 
oaths  of  great  men,  relics,  revolutionary  songs,  ring  posies,  runners, 
the  sagas ;  instances  of  spontaneous  combustion,  p.  938 ;  water  standards, 
pp.  941;  strong  men,  pp.  949-50;  the  ill-fated  Stuarts,  p.  960;  sum- 
moDseB  to  death,  p.  954 ;  famous  swimmers,  p.  964 ;  United  States  of 
America,  p.  30;  warning-givers,  pp.  1082-87 ;  etc. 


xii  CONTENTS. 


Marriage  a  civil  contract  in  Shakespeare's  time  (see  Vincentio,  p.  1068). 

Men  with  tails,  p.  969 ;  men  turned  to  wolves,  p.  1114. 

Miracle-workers  or  Thaumaturgi,  p.  988. 

Musical  instruments  which  played  at  a  bidding,  p.  979. 

Names  and  characters  of  dramas,  novels^  tales,  romances,  epic  poems,  etc.    . 

Nine  tailors  make  a  man,  p.  970. 

Numbers  associated  with  great  names :  as  September  3  with  Cromwell,  p. 
222 ;  number  2  with  Napoleon,  p.  677 ;  number  7  with  lUenzi,  p.  892 ; 
number  88  with  the  Stuarts,  p.  951 ;  number  2  unlucky  in  the  English 
dynastiea,  p.  1045 ;  number  3,  pp.  997-99. 

Omens  of  evil  averted,  p.  1034. 

Painters  and  sculptors  who  have  rivalled  nature,  p.  721 ;  characteristics  of 
noted  artists,  pp.  721-22. 

Parallel  tales  :  as  Per  ret  te  and  her  milk-pail,  p.  753 ;  Scogan's  jest,  p.  878 ; 
the  "  House  that  Jack  built,"  p.  456 ;  Pamell's  Eemnt,  p.  440 ;  Wolsey's 
remark,  "  Had  I  but  served  my  God  .  .  ."  p.  891 ;  Shylock  and  Samp- 
son Ceneda,  p.  907 ;  sir  Philip  Sidney  at  Zutphen,  Alexander,  and  David, 
p.  908 ;  Ali  Baba  or  the  Forty  Thieves  and  Tycho  in  German  "  history," 
p.  1046 ;  Don  Quixote  and  the  flock  of  sheep,  p.  901 ;  William  Tell  and 
the  apple,  p.  980;  Trajan,  Hadrian,  and  Philip,  with  importunate 
women,  1022 ;  and  scores  of  others. 

Pests,  the  use  of,  p.  1054. 

Plots  of  plays,  the  stories  of  epic  poems,  ballads,  and  other  tales  in  verse  and 
prose.  Travellers'  tales,  p.  1023 ;  the  romance  of  Beubous  pictures :  as 
Hogarth's  "  Undertakers*  Arms,"  p.  606 ;  Doyle's  immortal  "  Punch  and 
Toby,"  p.  1012 ;  and  many  othera. 

Poets,  p.  778 ;  cluster  poets,  p.  775  ;  cyclic  poets,  p.  230. 

Pseudonyms,  epinyms,  nicknames,  titular  surnames,  names  of  similitude^ 
initialisms,  pet  names  given  to  French  kings  (p.  518),  etc. 

Saints  who  are  patrons  of  diseases,  places,  and  trades,  pp.  860-62. 

^ience,  heresy  of,  p.  438 ;  men  of  science  persecuted,  p.  1111. 

Sex  changed,  p.  1115. 

Sleepers  or  men  not  dead,  but  only  biding  their  time,  pp.  919-29. 

Slo-Fair,  Chichester,  p.  922. 

Snap,  Norwich  ;  another  at  Metz,  p.  925. 

Snow  Kings,  p.  927  ;  White  King,  p.  1098 ;  White  Queen,  p.  806. 

Sovereigns  of  England,  their  titles  and  superscriptions,  p.  849 ;  the  days  of 
their  death,  p.  933 ;  the  fatality  of  three  successors,  p.  517 ;  Saturday 
not  a  fatal  day,  pp.  871  and  933  ;  etc.    (See  Kings.) 

Speech  pussetiscd  by  dumb  animab,  p.  1073;  given  to  conceal  thought,  p.  936. 


CONTENTS.  xiii 


I 


StimulaDts  used  by  public  actors  and  orators,  p.  946.  - 

St4xk  Exchange  iiicknamcii,  p.  916. 

i^ti^'ei  nomenclature. 

Striking  lines  of  noted  authors,  and  sayings  of  great  men. 

Superstitions  and  traditions  about  animals,  precious  stones,  etc.,  pp.  965-61. 

Thieves  screened  by  kings,  p.  992 ;  thieves  of  historic  note,  pp.  99^94 ;  the 

penitent  and  impenitent,  248. 
The  Times  newspaper,  p.  1006. 

The  twelve  Table  Knights;  twelve  Palvlius;  twelve  Wise  Masters;  etc. 
Thive  a  sacred  number,  pp.  997-99. 

Thirteen  precious  things,  p.  994 ;  thirteen  unlucky,  p.  996. 
Titles  and  superscriptions  of  the  popes,  p.  786. 
Toad  with  an  R,  p.  1012. 
Touching  for  the  kini-'s  evil,  p.  1019. 
Transformations,  p.  1023. 

Trees  noted  for  specific  virtues  and  uses,  pp.  1025-31 ;  largest  in  the  world, 
p.  1025. 

Unincky  possessions,  p.  1052. 

Vicarious  punishment  (art  Zeleucxjs),  p.  1129 ;  whipping  boys,  p.  1096. 

Vulnerable  parts  of  different  heroes,  p.  1076 ;  invulnerability,  p.  474. 

Warning-givers,  pp.  1082-87. 

Waste  time  uUIized,  p.  1088. 

Welsh  Triads,  pp.  999-1001. 

Wind  sold,  p.  1108. 

Wines  namc^  from  their  effects,  p.  1109;  three-men  wine,  p.  1109;  the 
rascal  who  drank  wine  out  of  a  boot,  p.  1010  (see  Tun). 

Women  changed  to  men;  made  of  flowers;  the  nine  worthy;  ahandoned 
women,  p.  1115. 

WoodeD  hone  of  Troy  and  parallel  stories,  p.  1117. 

(Tisdom  honoured,  p.  1110;  wisdom  persecuted,  p.  1111. 

W1>en  no  page  is  added,  look  usder  the  word  with  a  capital  Initial  letter. 


THE  READER'S  HANDBOOK. 


AA'BOH',  A  Moor,  bdonred  by  Tam'- 
•im,  qoem  of  the  Gofcho,  in  the  tragedy 
of  7&hi9  .ibidiroii'tcMf,  published  amongst 
Aeplajs  of  Shakespeare  (1593). 

(The  classic  name  is  Andrcmiau,  hat 
fte  character  of  this  play  is  purely 
fictitionB.) 

Aanm  (3L),  a  British  mart^  of  the 
City  of  Legions  {Newport^  in  Soath 
Wales).  He  was  torn  limb  from  limb  by 
order  of  Haximian'us  Herculins,  general 
in  foitain,  of  the  aimy  of  Diocle'tian. 
Two  dtiordies  were  founded  in  the  City  of 
Legjlions,  one  in  honour  of  St.  Aaron  and 
one  in  honour  of  his  fellow-martyr,  St. 
Jnlins.  Newport  was  called  Oterleon  by 
tlkC  British. 


..  inlfld  dMir  doctrine  with  Uidr  blood  t 
aad  vtth  ld«  St.  Aaron,  hmn  tholrnMm 
imli  hr  INodetiMi'sdoom. 

Aas'ix  (8%'>)t  •<>  ^^  queen  of  Sheba 
or  Saba  u  sometimes  called ;  but  in  the 
Koran  she  is  called  Balkis  (di.  xxvii.). 

Abflul'don.  an  angel  of  the  bottomless 
pit  (Rev,  ix.  1 1).  The  word  is  derived  from 
the  Hebrew,  abad,  *Most,**  and  means  the 
iott  <me.  There  are  two  other  angels  intro- 
daced  by  Klopstock  in  The  Messiah  witik 
rioular  names,  but  must  not  be  con- 
founded .with  the  angel  referred  to  in 
Ret.;  one  is  Obaddon,  the  angel  of  death, 
and  the  odier  Abbad'ona,  the  repentant 
deriL 

AVaris,  to  whom  Apollo  gave  a 
golden  arrow,  on  which  to  ride  uircugh 
the  air. — See  Dictimarv  of  Phrase  ana 
FdU. 

Abbad'ofna»  once  the  friend  of  Ab'- 
disl,  was  drawn  into  the  rebellion  of 
Satan  half  unwillingly.  In  hell  he  con- 
itaatly  bewailed  his  fall,  and  reproved 
his  pndt  aad  blasphemy.    He 


openly  declared  to  the  inf^mals  that  he 
would  take  no  part  or  lot  in  SatAn*s 
scheme  for  the  death  of  the  Messiah,  and 
during  the  crucifixion  lingered  about  the 
cross  with  repentance,  hope,  and  fear. 
His  ultimate  rate  we  are  not  told,  but 
when  Satan  and  Adramelech  are  driven 
back  to  hell,  Obaddon,  the  angel  of  death, 
says — 

"For  thee.  Abbadouo.  I  havo  no  ordora.  Hov  loof 
tbo«  art  ponaittad  to  iMsaln  on  aartli  I  knov  not.  nor 
whachar  tbea  wflt  be  allowed  to  we  the  rcMirecUoo  of 
the  Lord  of  glory  .  .  .  but  be  noc  deeelreiLllioa  caMt 
notrlewHIm  wtththeJoT  ofthe  radeeniad.''  "TctiK 
■WMe  Him.  let  me  MO  HGn  r— KIopMock,  Th$  If  aula*, 
xiU. 

Abbervllle  (Lord)^  a  young  noble- 
man, 28  years  of  aee,  who  has  for 
travelling  tutor  a  Welshman  of  65,  called 
Dr.  Druid,  an  antiquary,  wholly  igno- 
rant of  his  real  duties  as  a  guide  of  youth. 
The  young  man  runs  wantonlv  wild, 
s(}uander8  his  money,  and  gives  loose  to 
his  passions  almost  to  the  verge  of  ruin, 
but  he  is  arrested  and  reclaimed  by  his 
honest  Scotch  bailiff  or  financier,  and  the 
vigilance  of  his  father's  executor,  Mr. 
Mortimer.  This  ** fashionable  lover** 
promises  marriage  to  a  vulgar,  malicious 
city  minx  named  Lncinda  Bridgemorc, 
but  is  saved  from  this  pitfall  also.— Cum- 
berland, The  Fashumabie  Lover  (1780). 

Abdal-asis,  the  Moorish  governor 
«f  SpAin  after  the  overthrow  of  king 
Roderick.  When  the  Moor  assumed 
regal  state  and  affected  Gothic  sovereignty, 
his  subieots  were  so  offended  that  they 
revolted  and  murdered  him.  He  married 
Egilona,  formerly  the  wife  of  Roderick. — 
Southey,  Roderick,  etc,  xxii.  (1814). 

Ab'dalas'iz    (Omar  ben),  a   caliph 

nused  to  "  Mahomet's  bosom    in  reward 

of  bis  great  abstinence  and  self-deniaL — 

fferbeiot,  690. 

He  wa«  by  no  means  Kmpaloaf ;  nor  did  he  think 
wMi  the  eaUph  Omar  ban  Abdaladi  that  H  wai  neMa- 
r  to  make  a  he|]  of  this  worki  to  eojoy  farM*tT  In  th* 
L—W.  BackfMd,  roMe*  (1786). 

m 


ABDALDAR. 


ABSOLON. 


Abdal'dar,  one  of  the  magicians  ia 
the  Domdaniel  cavcmSi  *^  under  the  roots 
of  the  ocean."  The  se  spirits  were  destined 
to  be  destroyed  by  one  of  the  race  of 
Hodei'rah  (3  syl.)^  so  they  persecuted 
the  race  even  to  death.  Only  one 
survived,  named  Thal'abai  and  Abdaldar 
was  appointed  b^  lot  to  find  him  out  and 
kill  him.  Ho  discovered  the  stripling  in 
an  Arab's  tent,  and  while  in  prayer  was 
about  to  stab  him  to  the  heart  with  a 
dagger,  when  the  angel  of  death  breathed 
on  him,  and  he  fell  dead  with  the  dagger 
in  his  hand.  Thalaba  drew  from  the 
magician's  finger  a  ring  which  gave  him 
command  over  the  spirits. — Southey, 
Thalaba  the  De»troyer,  ii.  iii.  (1797). 

Abdalla,  one  of  sir  Brian  de  Bois 
Gnilbert's  slaves. — Sir  W.  Soott,  Ivanhoe 
(time,  Richard  I.). 

Abdal'lah,  brother  and  predecessor  of 
Giaf  fer  (2  «y/.),  pacha  of  Aby'dos.  He 
was  murdered  by  the  pacha. — Byron, 
JSride  of  Abydos, 

Abdallah  el  Hadgi,  Saladin^s  en- 
voy.—Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Talisman  (time, 
Richard  I.). 

^  Abdals  or  Santons,  a  class  of  re- 
li^onists  who  pretend  to  be  inspired 
with  tiie  most  ravishing  raptures  of 
divine  love.  Regarded  with  great  vene- 
ration by  ihtt  vulgar. — 0/«arrM,  i.  971. 

Abde'rian  Laughter,  scoffing 
laughter,  so  called  from  Abdfra,  the 
birth  [)lace  of  Democ'ritos,  the  scoffing  or 
laughing  philosopher. 

Ab'dieL  the  faithfal  seraph  who 
withstood  Satan  when  he  urged  those 
under  him  to  revolt. 

. . .  tbownrph  AbdM.  MOtM  ttmd 
Anongthefmlthleai;  CidUirul  only  b« 
AmonKlnntnncnibletebv:  nnmorad, 
Ofwiialtcn,  unaaduenl.  unterrified. 
Hli  Utnltf  he  kept,  his  love,  lik  aeaO. 

MOton.  PmrodiM  Lott.  r.  888,  etc.  aWS). 

Abensbers  {Covnt),  the  father  of 
thirty-two  children.  When  Hcinrich  II. 
made  his  progress  through  Germany,  and 
other  courtiers  present^  their  offerings, 
the  count  brought  forward  his  thir^'-two 
children,  *'  as  tiie  most  valuable  offering 
he  could  make  to  his  king  and  eovakiry. 

Abes'sa,  the  impersonation  of  abbeys 
and  convents  in  Spenser's  FaSry  Queen, 
i.  8.  She  is  the  paramour  of  Kirk- 
rapine,  who  used  to  rob  churches  and 
poor-boxes,  and  bring  his  plunder  to 
Abessa,  dau^^ter  of  Ck>zceea  {Blmdman 


Abney,  called  Young  Aimey^  th« 
friend  of  colonel  Albert  Lee,  a  rovalist. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Woodstock  (time,  tiie  Com- 
monwealth). 

Abon  Hassan,  a  young  merchant  of 
Bagdad,  and  hero  of  the  tale  called  "  The 
Sleeper  Awakened,"  in  the  jlra6Min  Nights 
Entertainments,  While  Abon  Hassan 
is  asleep  he  is  conveyed  to  the  palnce  of 
Haroim-al-Raschid,  and  the  attendants 
are  ordered  to  do  ever}'thhig  tiiey  ean  to 
make  him  fancy  himself  the  caliph.  He 
subsequently  becomes  the  caliph's  chief 
favourite. 

Shakespeare,  in  the  induction  of 
Taming  of  the  Shrewj  befools  "Chris- 
topher Sly'*  in  a  similar  way,  but  Sly 
thinks  it  WB»  **  nothing  but  a  dream." 

Philippe  le  Bon^  duke  of  Burgundy,  on 
his  marriage  with  Eleonora,  tried  the 
same  trick. — ^Burton,  Anatomy  of  Melan-' 
choly,  ii.  2,  4. 

Abra,  the  most  beloved  of  Solomon*! 
concubines. 

Pnrfte  their  odour  loet  and  meats  thdr  tute^ 
If  gentle  Abm  hud  Hot  decked  the  fMMt; 
Dmionouncd  did  the  *p«rUing  gimlet  etand, 
Unlea  recetred  fhMn  gentle  Abni's  hand ;  .  .  . 
Nor  oould  mjr  ao«l  approve  the  nwdc's  tone 
Till  an  waa  hiMhed,  and  Abra  nng  alone. 

M.  Prior.  Sotonum  {ISSt-lTfl). 

Ab'radas,  the  great  Macedonian 
pirate. 

Ahradae,  the  great  Kaoedonkui  pInU,  liMM^t  ereijr 
one  had  a  letter  of  mart  that  bare  aa^ln  In  the  ooeaiu— 
Greene.  PmiloiHtt  Wtb  (1601). 

Anbraham's  Offering  {Qen,  xxii.). 
Abraham  at  the  command  of  God  laid  his 
only  son  Isaac  upon  an  altar  to  sacrifice 
him  to  Jehovah,  when  his  lumd  was  stayed 
and  a  ram  substituted  for  Isaac. 

So  Agamemnon  at  Aulis  was  about  to 
offer  up  his  daughter  Iphi^eni'a  at  the 
command  of  ArtSmis  (/>iana),  when 
Artemis  carried  her  off  m  a  cloud  and 
substituted  a  stag  instead. 

Abroc'oiiias,  the  lover  of  An'thia  in 
the  Greek  romance  of  JCohesfacay  by 
Xenophon  of  Ephesus  (not  toe  historian). 

Ab'salom,  in  Dryden's  Absalom  and 
Achitophelf  is  meant  for  the  duke  of 
Monmouth,  natural  son  of  Qiarles  II. 
(David),  Like  Absalom,  the  duke  was 
handsome;  like  Absalom,  he  was  loved 
and  rebcllioub ;  and  like  Absalom,  his 
rebellion  ended  in  his  death  (1649-1685). 

Ab'soloQ,  a  priggish  parish  clerk  in 
Chaucer's  Canterbury  Tales,  His  hair 
was  curled,  his  lyiioee  slashed,  his  hoM 
red.    He  oould  let  Uowd,  out  b«i^  sad 


ABSOLUTE. 


ACHILLES. 


dhiv«L  fioild  dance,  and  pla^  dlibet  on 
the  ribiblc  or  the  gittern.  This  ny  spark 
paid  hia  addresMa  to  Mistreaa  iJison,  the 
joai^  wife  of  John,  a  ridi  but  aeed  car- 
penter; bat  Aliion  herself  loved  a  poor 
scholar  named  Nicholaa,  a  lodger  in  the 
boose.— TV  JTOfer't  TaU  (1888). 

Absolute  {Sir  Anthony),  a  testy,  bnt 
vana-heaited  old  gentleman,  who  ima- 
gineB  that  he  pooaesseo  a  mast  angelie 
temper,  and  when  he  ^oarrels  with  hit  son, 
the  captain  fanciea  it  is  the  son  who  is 
•at  of  temper,  and  not  himself.  Smol- 
lett's ''Matthew  Bramble "eridently  sog- 
ccsted  this  character.  WilHam  Dowton 
(1764-1851)  was  tiie  best  actor  of  this 
part 

Oapiain  AhmjheU,  son  of  sir  Anthony,  in 
knre  with  Lydia  Languish,  the  heiress,  to 
whom  he  is  known  only  as  ensign  Berer- 
fej.  Bob  Acres,  his  neij^bour,  is  his 
ml,  snd  sends  a  challenge  to  the  un- 
known ensign ;  bat  when  he  finds  thai 
CBsi^  Bcrerley  is  captain  Absolute,  he 
declines  to  fight,  and  rengns  all  farther 
daim  to  the  lady's  hand.— Sheridan,  Th§ 
''   "  (177»). 


ShUta^fiz; 


ft 


tonoM  hdr  of 


Aba'dah, in  the  Talet  oftheGetm^hy 
H.  Bidley,  is  a  wealthy  merchant  of  Bag- 
dad, who  goes  in  quest  of  Uie  talisman  of 
Oroma'nls,  which  ne  is  driven  to  seek  by 
a  little  old  hag,  who  haunts  him  every 
Bigfat  and  makes  his  life  wretched.  He 
fi^  at  last  that  the  talisman  which  is  to 
free  him  of  this  hag  [p(mtaence\  is  to 
''fear  God  and  keep  His  eommand- 
its." 


Ab^dak,  in  the  drama  called  The  ^effe 
if  Damatau,  by  John  Hughes  (1720),  is 
tte  next  in  command  to  Cal^  in  the 
Anbisn  army  set  down  before  Damascus. 
Ihoogh  undonbtedly  brave,  he  prefers 
Ksee  to  war;  and  when,  at  the  death  of 
uled,  he  saoeeeda  to  the  chief  command, 
he  auikes  peace  with  the  Syrians  on 
hsaooiable  tenna. 


Attic  hero,  whose 
puden  was  selected  by  Plato  for  the  place 
«f  his  leetores.  Hence  his  disciples  were 
ciUcd  the  "Academic  sect." 

ilimf  of  4iBflwBiy^      ^ 

k'dia  (ue.  Nova  SooHa),  so  called 
bf  the  Frendi  from  the  river  [SKKft^n]- 
""^      In  1631  Acadin  was  given  to  sir 

.  itaaaae  ehapged  I 


and  in  1756  the  old  French  settlers  were 
driven  into  exile  by  George  II.  Long- 
fellow has  made  this  the  sul^ect  of  a  poem 
in  hexameter  verse,  called  Evan'g^lme 
(4  sy/.). 

Aoas'to  (Lord),  father  of  Seri'no, 
Cast«lio,  and  Polydore ;  and  guardian  of 
Monimia  "the  orphan.**  He  bved  to  sea 
the  death  of  his  sons  and  his  ward. 
Polydore  ran  on  his  brotlier*s  sword,  Caa- 
talio  stabbed  himself,  and  Monimia  took 
poison.— Otway,  The  Orphan  (1680). 

Aocidente!  (4  ayl.),  a  earse  and 
oath  much  used  in  Italy. 

leeUMtelMqal  TMidIrt «■  bos  frmftgab :  Pnit-ta 
■MMfir  d'aocMenl,  auu  ooaflMdoo,  daaoA.— Mooa. 
AkMt,  rwto  fft  Uto). 

Aoes'tee  (3  ayl.).  In  a  trial  of  skill 
Aeest^Sjthe  Sicilian,  discharged  his  arrow 
with  such  force  that  it  took  fire  from  the 
friction  of  the  ^,—The  jEneid,  Bk.  Y. 

Like  AtmtihB'  tkalt  of  eM. 
The  swIA  thoftfht  kindle*  ••  U  fliea. 

LoftfMIew,  PtmOkOd, 

Aobates  [A-ka'-tene],  called  by  Virgil 
"  fidus  Achates."  The  name  has  become  a 
synonym  for  a  bosom  friend,  a  crony,  but 
is  generally  used  laughingly.-  TheJEneid* 

Be,  ttke  Aokalee.  Mthftil  to  ttie  towb. 

BjrroD,  Dvm  Jium^  !•  lie. 

Adher'ia,  the  fox.  went  partnership 
with  a  bear  m  a  bowl  of  milk.  Before 
the  bear  arrived,  the  fox  skimmed  off  the 
cream  and  drank  the  milk ;  then,  filling 
the  bowl  with  mud,  replaced  the  cream 
atop.  Says  the  fox,  "  Here  is  the  bowl ; 
one  sh^  have  the  cream,  and  the  other 
all  the  rest:  choose,  friend,  which  yon 
Uke.**  The  bear  told  the  fox  to  take  the 
cream,  and  thus  bruin  had  only  the  mud* 
—A  Baaque  Tale, 

A  similar  tale  occurs  in  Campbeirs 
P<mHlarTalesqltheW€BtHighiand9{m,m. 
called  "The  Keg  of  Butter."  The  wolf 
chooses  the  bottom  when  "  oats  **  were  the 
object  of  choice,  and  the  top  when  '^pota- 
toes "  were  the  sowing. 

BabeUis  tails  the  same  tale  abooft  a 
farmer  and  the  devil.  Each  was  to  have 
on  alternate  yean  what  grew  under  and 
ooer  the  soil.  The  farmer  sowed  tumipa 
and  carrots  when  the  uader-wl  product 
came  to  his  lot,  and  barley  or  wheat  when 
his  turn  was  the  oo^r-soil  produce. 

Adieron,  the  "  River  of  Grief,"  and 
one  of  the  five  rivers  of  hell ;  hell  itself. 
(Gieek,  axot  p*-.  "  I  flow  with  grief.*') 

Iftl  AdMraa  of  wiTow.  black  and  deep. 

Milton.  ^WmUm  £««C  U.  VS  (IMHi 

AoldllM  (3  <y^),  the  haaa  ef  tte 


ACHILLES'  HEEL. 


ACRES. 


allied  Greek  army  in  the  siege  of  Troy, 
and  king  of  the  Myr'midoni. — See  Duy 
tionaryof  Phrase  awi  Fable, 

The  English  Achilles^  John  Talbot,  first 
earl  of  Shrewsbury  (1873-1453). 

The  duke  of  Wellington  is  bo  called 
sometimes,  and  is  represented  by  a  statue 
of  Achilles  of  gigantic  size  in  Hyde 
Park,  London,  close  to  Apsley  House 
(1769-1862). 

The  Achilles  of  Oemumy,  Albert,  elec- 
tor of  Brandenburg  (1414-1486). 

Achilles  of  JRomej  Sicinlus  Denta'tus 
(pat  to  death  b.o.  4o0). 

Achilles'  HeeL  the  vulnerable  part. 
It  is  said  that  when  Thetis  dipped  her  son 
in  the  river  Styx  to  make  him  invulner- 
able, she  held  him  bv  the  heel,  and  the 
part  covered  bv  her  hand  was  the  only 
part  not  washed  by  the  water,  lllis  is  a 
post-Homeric  story. 

rHanoTw]  ii  the  AcfallW  hed  to  iDTulaenbto  BDgbii4. 

^Sometimes  Ireland  is  called  the  Achil- 
les^ heel  of  England.) 

*m*  Similarly,  the  only  vulnerable  part 
of  Orlando  was  the  sole  of  his  foot,  and 
hence  when  Bernardo  del  Carpio  assailed 
him  at  Roncesvall^,  and  found  that  he 
could  not  wound  him,  he  lifted  him  up  in 
his  arms  and  squeezed  him  to  death,  as 
Hercules  did  Antn'os. 

Achilles'  Spear.  Tslephns  tried  to 
stop  the  march  of  the  Greek  army  on  its 
wav  to  Troy;  and  received  a  wound  from 
Achilles.  The  oracle  told  him  as  "Achil- 
les gave  the  wound,  only  Achilles  could 
cure  it.**  Whereupon  Telephus  went  to 
the  tent  of  the  hero,  and  was  cured,  some 
sav  by  a  herb  called  "Achilles,**  and 
others  say  by  an  emplastrium  of  rust 
scraped  from  the  spear.  Hence  it  was 
said  that "  Achilles*  spear  could  boUi  hurt 
and  heaL** — Plin.  xxv.  6. 

WhoM  nnne  and  ttown,  like  to  AohlllaA'  spear, 
U  able  wtUi  tb«  ehange  to  kill  or  cure. 

Shakwpeare.  i  Bttrp  VI.  act  r.  n.  1  (ISPl). 

Aohit'ophel,  "Him  who  drew  Achit- 
ophel,"  Dryden,  author  of  the  fomous 
political  satire  of  Absalom  and  Achit- 
ophel,  "David**  is  Charles  II. ;  his  rebcl- 
hons  son  "Absalom**  is  the  king*s  natural 
son,  the  handsome  but  rebellions  James 
duke  of  Monmonth;  and  "  Achitophel,** 
the  traitorous  counsellor,  is  the  eail  of 
Shaftesbury,  "for  close  designs  and 
crooked  counsels  fit.** 

Can  anaer  at  him  who  drew  Achltophd. 

Q)rron,  Dom  Juan,  DL  100. 
TImm  is  a  portrait  of  the  ffnt  earl  of  Shaftetbunr 
(rqid«a%  "  AdOtoplMl ')astord«baaaritar«f  liiglHid.  dad 


In  ash-eolonred  robes,  Iwcause  ha  bad 
the  bar.— K  Tates.  OtMrMn.  zrUL 

Acidali&jkf ountain  in  Bceo'tia,  sacred 
to  Venus.  The  Graces  used  to  bathe 
therein.  Venus  was  called  Acid&lia  (Vir- 
gil, jEneid,  i.  720). 

After  ibe  vaary  was 
With  bathing  In  the  Addaliaii  brook. 

flipeoser.  KpUhalamUm  (ISBD. 

A'ds,  a  Sicilian  shepherd,  loved  by  the 
nvmph  Galate'a.  The  monster  Poly- 
pheme  (3  sy/.),  a  Cyclops,  was  his  rival, 
and  crushed  him  under  a  huge  rock.  The 
blood  of  Acis  was  changed  into  a  river  of 
the  same  name  at  the  foot  of  mount  Etna. 

Not  aoeh  a  pipe,  good  reader,  m  ttiat  which  Ads  did 
sweetly  tone  In  pnuM  of  hli  Galatea,  bat  one  of  true 
Drift  manufliettire.— W.  Irving. 

Ackland  (Sir  Thomas)j  a  royalist — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Woodstock  (time,  the  Com-- 
monwealth). 

Ao'oe  (8  syl.)f  "  hearing,**  in  the  New 
Testament  sense  {Rom,  x.  17),  "Faith 
comeiii  by  hearing.*'  The  nurse  of  Fido 
[faith'].  Her  daughter  is  Meditation. 
(Greek,  oWe,  "heanng.**) 

with  blni  {nrith]  bis  nvne  went,  careftd  Aeol, 
Wboie  bauds  first  finom  his  mother's  wooib  did  talw 
Mm. 

And  ever  rfnee  bare  fostered  teuderij.  

Phin.  Fletcher.  Th«  FurpU  lOan*,  Is.  (163Q. 

Aoras'ia,  Intemperance  personified. 
Spenser  says  she  is  an  ^ichantress  living 
in  the  "  Bower  of  Bliss,**  in  "  Wandering 
Island.'*  She  had  the  power  of  trans- 
forming her  lovers  into  monstrous  shapes ; 
but  sir  Guyon  (temperance)^  having  caught 
her  in  a  net  and  oound  her,  broke  down 
her  bower  and  burnt  it  to  ashes. — FaSry 
Queen,  u.  12  (1590). 

Acra'tes  (8  syl.).  Incontinence  per- 
sonified in  The  Purple  Island,  by  Fhineas 
Fletcher.  He  had  two  sons  (twins)  by 
Caro,  viz.,  Methos  (drunkenness)  and 
Gluttony,  both  fully  described  in  canto 
vii.    (Greek,  akHLtes,  "  incontinent.") 

Acra'tes  (Ssyl.),  Incontinence  personified 
in  The  FaHru  Qwten,  by  Spenser.  He  is 
the  father  of  C^moch'lSs  and  PyrochlSe. 
— Bk.  u.  4  (1690). 

Acres  (Bob),  a  country  gentleman, 
the  rival  of  ensign  Beverley,  alitu  captain 
Absolute,  for  the  hand  and  heart  of  Lydia 
Languish,  the  heiress.  He  tries  to  ape 
the  man  of  fashion,  gettf  himself  up  as  a 
loud  swell. and  uses  "sentimental oaths,** 
i.e.  oaths  bearing  on  the  subject.  Thus 
if  duels  are  spoken  of  he  says,  ods  triggers 
and  flints ;  ii  clothes,  ods  frogs  and  tam- 
bours; if  music,  ods  minnwns  [minims]  and 
crotchets:  Ulai^cf^  ods  blushes  and  bloomth 


ACRISIUS. 


ADAH. 


TUi  he  ktmt  from  *  militiA  officer,  who 

Md  him  the  ancients  swore  by  Jove, 

Bwehns,  Man,    Yenns,    Minerva,   etc, 

aooordiiig  to  the  sentiment    Bob  Acres 

is  a  great  blusterer,  and  talks  big  of  his 

dazini;,  hot  when  pot  to  the  push  "  his 

eoaiase  always  oozed  oat  of  his  fingers* 

eods.^    J.  Quick  was  the  originalBob 

Aer^— Sheridan,  The  SkaU  (1776). 

^  Anr  Us  pidBa  SM  4(9«^  valov  ooM 
IS  vf(tw«Mw4. 1  know  net  hmr. 


Acrialufl,  fatiier  of  Dan'aS.  An 
rnele  declared  that  Danad  would  give 
birth  to  a  son  who  would  kill  him,  so 
Acrisins  kept  his  daughter  shut  mp  in  an 
tpaitment  under  ground,  or  (as  some  sav) 
in  a  brazen  tower.  Here  she  became  the 
Bother  of  Per'seus  (2  syL),  by  Jupiter  in 
tile  form  of  a  shower  of  {^old.  Tne  king 
of  Aigos  now  ordered  his  daughter  and 
her  in&nt  to  be  put  into  a  chest,  and 
eist  adrift  on  the  sea,  but  they  were 
raned  by  Dictys,  a  fisherman.  When 
grown  to  manhood,  Perseus  accidentallv 
struck  the  foot  of  Acrisius  witii  a  quoit, 
■ad  the  blow  caused  his  death.  This  tale 
is  told  by  Mr.  Morris  in  The  Earthiy 
randue  (April). 

Aota^'on,  a  hunter,  changed  by  Diana 
iato  a  stag.    A  synonym  for  a  cuckold. 
for  ftwcavB  and  wUfbl 


jr«rnrinMi;  «C&.  act  UL  le.  9  a«ss). 

Aete'a, »  female  slave  faithful  to  Nero 
11  his  falL  It  was  this  hetsra  who 
vn|»ped  the  dead  body  in  cerements,  and 
■w  it  decently  interred. 

fth,  ictm  «M  btntfftiL     8h«  «m  SMtod  on  fha 
Wmtiikm  hmd  at  Mcro  wm  on  her  lap,  U*  naked  bodf 
Wi^mehad  oa  thaw  vfiidhif-ilMcts  in  which  the  was 
^••MiUaii.tohqrbhninhJsgnMPaaiMMitliBi 
"^  '"   Artmdmi.L7. 


AeftkoB  Sinoe'roflL  the  nom  de  plwne 
^  ^  Italian  poet  sannazaro,  called 
"The  Qiristian  VirgU  "  (1468-1630). 

Actors  and  Aotresaes.  The  last 
■ale  actor  that  took  a  woman's  character 
«a  the  stage  was  Edward  Rynaston,  noted 
for  his  bcautv  (1619-1687}.  The  first 
femle  actor  for  hire  was  Mrs.  Saunder- 
•on,  afterwards  Mrs.  Betterton,  who  died 
in  1712. 

Ad,  Ad'itea  (2  syl).  Ad  is  a  tribe 
d«caided  from  Ad,  son  of  Uz,  son  of 
I  rem,  son  of  Shem,  son  of  Noah.  The 
tribe,  at  the  Onfnsion  of  BabeL  went 
ttdsettled  on  Al-Ahkif  [the  Winding 
JwA],  in  the  province  of  Hadramaut 
McdM  was  their  first  king,  but  in  conse- 
tof  his  pride,  both  he  and  all  tl^ 


tribe  perished,  either  from  drought  off 
the  Sarsar  (an  icy  twicf).— Sale's  Konm,  U 


Woa,  woe.  to  Ireoi  I    Woe  to  Ad  I 
Dthbygaeaplatohef  palaeeil  .  .  . 
Xhgrfdlaroandnie.    Tbotaandi  fen  around. 

The  Unc  and  aU  hk  peoide  feU ; 

An.  aU.  ther  perUtedaUT 
Southcjr.  Tal4Mha  U*  Dettrot^.  L  A.  4B  a797). 

A'dah,  wife  of  Cain.  After  Cain  had 
been  conducted  by  Lucifer  through  the 
realms  of  space,  he  is  restored  to  the  home 
of  his  wife  and  child,  where  all  is  beauty, 
gentleness,  and  love.  Full  of  faith  and 
fervent  in  gratitude,  Adah  loves  her  infant 
with  a  sublime  maternal  affection.  She 
sees  him  sleeping,  and  says  to  Cain~ 

HewloTalrbaapiwanI    HbUMledM 
In  thcfa-  puia  bieanMtion.  irylng  wlUi 
The  rate  wavee  ctrawn  baneath  tboaa. 
And  hb  Ilpc  too. 

How  beai^MiIlr  parted  f    Ho  :  yon  ihan  not 
Kla  hia ;  at  laart  not  ndw.    BawiUawalMi 
Hii  hour  of  middajr  net  is  naarijr  over. 

Byran.OfliNb 

Adawi.  In  Qreek  this  word  is  com- 
pounded of  the  four  initial  letten  of  the 
cardinal  quarters: 

Arktos,      .  &p«rot     .   north. 
Dusis,        .  *•»•«       .   west, 
Auatold,  ^  .  iMMQrto\i\  .   east. 
Heaembria,  titcntifiitia  south. 

The  Hebrew  word  ADM  forms  the  ana- 
gram of  A  [dam],  Dfavid],  M[e8siah]. 

Adam,  how  made.  God  created  the  body 
of  Adam  of  Salxady  ue.  dry,  unbaked 
clay,  and  left  it  forty  nights  without  a 
soiu.  The  clay  was  coUei^ied  by  Azaiael 
from  the  four  quarters  of  the  earth,  and 
God,  to  show  His  approval  of  Azarael*a 
choice,  constituted  nim  the  ai^el  of 
death. — ^Rabadau. 

Adam,  Eve,  and  the  Serpent,  After  the 
fall  Adam  was  placed  on  mount  Vassem 
in  the  cast ;  Eve  was  banished  to  Djidda 
(now  (ledda,  on  the  Arabian  coast) ;  and 
the  Serpent  was  exiled  to  the  coast  ol 
£blehh. 

After  tiie  lapse  of  100  years  Adam 
rdoined  Eve  on  mount  Arafaith  [place 
of  Memembranoe] ,  near  Mecca. — D'Ohsson. 

Death  of  Adam,  Adam  died  on  Friday, 
April  7,  at  the  age  of  930  years. 
Michael  swaithed  his  body,  and  Crabriel 
discharged  the  funeral  rites.  The  body 
was  buried  at  Ghar'ul-Kenz  {the  grotto  of 
treaxvarel,  which  overlooks  Mecca. 

His  descendants  at  death  amounted  to 

40,000  soula.--D'0hs8on. 

When  Noah  eaiarad  the  ark  (ttie  aitne  writer  m^  ha 
took  Um  body  of  Adam  In  a  ooflbi  with  him,  and  wiiea  ha 
left  the  ark  raetorod  it  to  the  place  be  had  taken  It  from. 

Adam,  a  bailiff,  a  jailor. 

Hot  that  Adam  that  iwpt  the  paradieew  but  that  Adas 
thai  keep*  tlie  prison.— flhakeqieara.  OomtAm  ^ . 
aetlT.acSaili). 


ADAH. 

AdaMf  ft  faithful  retainer  in  the  family 
of  air  Rowland  de  Boys.  At  the  age  of 
four  score,  he  voluntarily  accompanied 
his  young  master  Orlando  into  exile,  and 
offered  to  give  him  his  little  savings.  He 
has  given  birth  to  the  phrase,  '*  A  faithful 
Adam**  [or  fnan-«erran<].— ^hakespearoi 
A8  You  lAke  It  (1598). 

Adam's  Ale,  vrater. 

Adam's  Brofessioiiy  tillage,  gar- 
dening. 

Whaa  Admi  Mvvd  and  ■*•  ■pan, 
Wlw  was  ttm  ttM  amlemaaT 

Baj*!  i*rpMrte. 

Tbcra  b  no  anekot  flsndannaa  Imt  fardinan.  dHdMn, 
and  gimT»-iitaken ;  they  bold  ap  Adamli  pwrfiarioii. — 
Shakaqioara.  iTiwaM.  aetr.  n.  1  (lODS). 

Adam.  Bell,  a  northern  outlaw,  noted 
for  his  archenr.  The  name,  like  those  of 
Clym  of  theClough,  William  of  Clondesly, 
Robin  Hood,  and  Little  John,  is  synony- 
mous with  a  good  archer. 

Adamas  or  Adamant,  the  mineral 
called  corun'dum,  and  sometimes  the  dia- 
mond, one  of  thehardest  substances  known. 

Albncbt  waa  as  flrai  ai  Adamai.— Sdunldl;  Qtrm, 
MUL  (traiulatad). 

Adamastor,  the  Spirit  of  the  Cape, 
a  hideous  phantom,  of  unearthly  pallor, 
*^  erect  his  hair  uprose  of  withered  red, 
his  lips  were  black,  his  teeth  blue  and 
diqointed,  his  beard  haggard,  his  face 
■cajred  by  lijj^htning,  his  eyes  shot  livid 
fire,  his  voice  roared."  The  sailors 
trembled  at  sight  of  him,  and  the  fiend 
demanded  how  they  dared  to  trespass 
*'  where  never  hero  braved  his  rage  be- 
fore?"  He  then  told  them  <*  that  every 
year  the  shipwrecked  should  be  made  to 
deplore  their  foolhardiness."— Camoens, 
The  Lusiady  v.  (1569). 

Adam'ida,  a  planet  on  which  reside 
the  unborn  spirits  of  saints,  martyrs,  and 
believers.  U'riel,  the  angel  of  the  sun, 
was  ordered  at  the  crucifixion  to  interpose 
this  planet  between  the  sun  and  the  earth, 
■o  as  to  produce  a  total  eclipse. 

AdamMa.  In  obedleoee  to  tha  dlvina  eoaomand.  flew 
amUat  overwhebninc  Btorau,  nnhing  doudi.  (kUlas 
laoontalM,  and  iweUing  seaa.  Urid  itood  on  the  pola 
af  tha  ttar,  bat  ao  kMt  In  dcap  coBtainplatkm  on  Oolvaiha. 
that  be  haerd  not  the  wild  uproar.  On  eominc  to  tha 
ngion  of  the  ran.  Adamlda  ahckcned  her  oourae.  and  ad- 
Tandag  before  tha  ana.  eorcred  Hs  &m«  and  InUraeptad 
all  lU  raj*.— Klopatock.  Tkt  Mmriak,  vUL  (1771). 

Ada.mH  (John)^  one  of  the  mutineers 
of  the  Bountf/  (1790),  who  settled  in 
Tahiti.  In  1814  he  was  discovered  as 
the  patriarch  of  a  colony,  brought  up 
with  a  high  sense  of  religion  and  strict 
regard  to  morals.  In  l§iB9  the  colony 
was  voluntarilv  i)Iaced  under  the  pro- 
tection of  the  liritish  Government. 


6  ADiaA. 


Ada$n8  (Parson),  the  beaa4deal  of  a 
simple-minded,  benevolent,  but  eccentric 
coimtry  cleivyman,  of  unswerving  in- 
tegrity, solid  learning,  and  genuine  piety ; 
bold  as  a  lion  in  the  cause  of  truth,  but 
modest  as  a  girl  in  all  personal  matters  ; 
wholly  ignorant  of  the  world,  being  "m 
it  but  not  of  it.** — ^Fielding,  Joseph  An- 
drtnos  (1742). 

Hh  Innlnc.  bla  rfmpUdt^.  hb  tnuisilleal  paritgr  ol 
mind  are  ao  adnilTabljr  nUnjled  with  padantxy.  abaenca 
ol  aaind.  and  thahablt  of  athletic.  .  .  axerdaaa  .  .  .  ttiat 
he  niaj  be  aafalf  tanned  one  of  the  rleheat  prodoctlDaa  d 
the  moaa  of  fletlon.  Like  don  Qaixota,  painon  Adaau  la 
beaten  a  little  too  nwieh  and  too  often,  bat  the  eodaal  lighU 
opon  hia  ihaaldan  .  .  .  withoat  the  iHgbteat  ati&  to  hk 
reputation.— Sir  W.  SeotL 


Adder  (deaf).  It  is  said  in  fable 
that  the  adder,  to  prevent  hearing  the 
voice  of  a  charmer,  lays  one  ear  on  the 
ground  and  sticks  his  tail  into  the  other. 

.  .  .  when  man  woMa  hhn  endiantew 
Ra  lejmtb  down*  one  ewe  an  flat 
Unto  the oroonde^  and  halt  It  faat; 
And  dee  &at  other  aara  ala  flute 
He  atoppeth  with  hIa  talOe  ao  mm 
That  ha  the  wordei^  laaae  or  mora. 
Of  hia  endiantflment  ne  bereth. 
Gowar,  Da  0»nf«M<aiM  AmantU,  L  s.  (liUI^ 

Adder's  Tongue,  that  is,  oph'io- 

glos'sum. 

For  them  that  are  with  [bjl  nawti,  or  anakea^  ar  addwa 

atung. 
He  aaekaai  oat  an  herb  that* acalMd  adder'a  toMoa. 

Jkmrtoa,  Pvt^MUn,  xBLCMEn). 

Ad'dison  of  the  19'orth,  Henry 
Mackenzie,  author  of  The  Man  of  Feeling 
(1746-1881). 

Adelaide,  daughter  of  the  count  of 
Narbonne,  in  love  with  Theodore.  She 
is  killed  by  her  fother  in  mistake  for 
another. — ^^bt.  Jephson,  Count  of  Nar^ 
bonne  (1782). 

Adeline  (Lady),  the  wife  of  lord 
Henry  Amun'devUle  (4  syL),  a  highly 
educated  aristocratic  lady,  with  all  the 
virtues  and  weaknesses  of  the  upper  ten. 
After  the  narliamentary  sessions  this 
noble  pair  filled  their  house  with  guests, 
amongst  which  were  the  duchess  of  Fitz- 

Fulke,  the  duke  of  D ,  Aurora  Raby, 

and  don  Juan  "the  Russian  envoy. *^ 
The  tale  not  bein^  finished,  no  sequel  to 
these  names  is  given.  fFor  the  l^dv't 
character,  see  xiv.  64-56.) — ^Byron,  Von 
Juan,  xiii.  to  the  end. 

Ad'emar  or  Adema'ro,  archbishop 
of  Poggio,  an  ecclesiastical  warrior  in 
Tas80*8  JermcUem  Delivered, — See  Dio- 
tionary  of  Phrase  and  Fable, 

Adio'ia,  wife  of  the  soldan,  who  in- 
cites him  to  distress  the  kingdom  of 
Mercilla.  When  Mercilla  sends  her 
ambassador,  Samient,  to  negotiate  peace, 


ADIGU8. 


ADOSINDA. 


Adidft,  fai  TiobUion  of  intematioDiLl  Uw, 
tfcrmstft  h&r  [SftmieDt]  out  of  doors  like  a 
dtfT,  and  sets  two  kni^ts  upon  her.  Sir 
Artcnl  comes  to  her  rescue,  stiacks  the 
tvo  uugfats,  and  knocks  one  of  them 
tnm  his  saddle  with  snch  force  that  he 
kieaks  his  neck.  After  the  discomfitnre 
of  the  soldan,  Adicia  rashes  forth  with  a 
knife  to  stab  Samient,  bat,  being  inter- 
cepted by  sir  Artegal,  Is  changed  into  a 
tigress. — Sncnacr,  /bery  Ommh,  t.  8 
(1596). 

%^The  <*8oldan**  is  king  Philip  II.  of 
Spam ;  **  Mercilla  **  b  qneen  Elizabeth  ; 
**  Adicia"  is  Injustice  personified,  or  the 
b^otry  of  popery :  and  "  Samient  '*  the 
smbossadors  of  Holland,  who  went  to 
Philip  for  redress  of  grievances,  and 
were  most  iniqoitoaslj  detuned  by  him 
ss  prisoners. 

AdlcuSy  UnrigfateousnetfB  personified 
ia  canto  rii.  of  Tke  Purple  Jhtand 
(1<33),  by  Phineas  FleCdter.  He  has 
eight  sons  and  dau^ters,  viz.,  Ee'thros 
(Aoftvrf),  Ens  {variamee)  a  daogfater, 
Zeks  {emmlatitm)^  Thnmoe  (tcroM), 
Edthlus  (strife),  pichos'tasis  (»x(»(iaa). 
Envy,  ana  IIioq'os  {mMrder) ;  all  fully 
described  by  the  po^  (Greek,  adlkoSj 
**sa  vnjnst  man.**) 

Adie  of  AiKftnghaw,  a  neighbour 
sf  the  Glendinnings.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Mmtetery  (tame,  Elizabeth). 

AdmetUB*  a  king  of  Thessaly, 
kasband  of  Alcestis.  Apollo,  being  con- 
demned by  Jupiter  to  serve  a  mortal  for 
tvelve  months  for  slaving  a  Cyclops, 
Sitered  the  service  of  Admetos.  James 
R.  LoweU,  of  Boston,  U.S.,  has  a  poem 
oo  the  subject,  called  The  Shepherd  of 
Kmg  Adnetus  (1819-        ). 

Ad'mirable  (The) :  (1)  Aben-Esra, 
a  Spanish  rabbin,  bom  at  Tole'do  (1119- 
1174).  (2)  James  Crichton  (Kry-ton), 
the  Scotchman  <1551-157a).  (3)  Roger 
Bscon,  called  *'The  Admirable  Doctor** 
(1214-1292). 

Adolf^  bishop  of  Cologne,  was  de- 
Toared  by  mice  or  rats  in  1112.  (Sea 
Hatto.) 

Ad'ona*  a  seraph,  the  tutelar  spirit 
cf  Jtmes,  the  "first  martyr  of  the 
tvfclTe.*'~Klop0tock«.  The  Meseiah^  iii. 
a748).  ^ 

A'dcmbeo  el  HaTriin,  the  physi- 
HUgnt—  assooaed  by  Saladin,  who 
sir   Kcnncth*a   sick    squire,    and 


cores  him  of  a  fever.—Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Talisman  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Ado'nis,  a  beautiful  youth,  beloved 
bv  Venus  and  Proser'pinaj  who  quarrelled 
about  the  possession  of  him.  Jupiter,  to 
settle  the  dispute,  decided  that  the  boy 
should  spend  six  months  with  Yenus  ia 
the  upper  world  and  six  with  Proserpina 
in  the  lower.  Adonis  was  gored  to  death 
by  a  wild  boar  iaahunt. 

Shakespeare  has  a  poem  called  Venus 
and  Adorns.  Shelley  calls  his  eleipr  on  the 
poet  Keats  Adona'is,  under  the  idea  that 
the  untimely  dea<^  of  Keats  resembled 
that  of  Adonis. 

(Adonis  is  an  aUegory  of  the  sun,  which 
is  six  months  north  of  the  hori/on,  and 
six  months  south.  ThammQz  is  the  same 
as  Adonis,  and  so  is  Osiris.) 

Ado'nis  Flower,  the  phea8ant*s 
eye  or  red  raalthes,  called  in  French 
goute  de  sang,  and  said  to  have  sprung 
from  the  blood  of  Adonis,  who  was 
killed  by  a  wild  boar. 

O  Smr.  d  cb^  4  QrtMt^ 
Tb  eoroD*  fet.  an  ttalamit. 

Da  I 


Adonis's  Qftrden.    It  is  said  that 

Adonis  delighted  in  gardens,  and  had  a 

magnificent  one.    Pliny  says    (xix.  4), 

"  Antiquitas  nihil  prius  mjrata  est  quaro 

Hespendum  hortos,  ac  regum  Adonidis 

et  AicinOi.** 

Bow  dudl  I  hMMMH*  thea  far  tfalinceHi  f 
Tlir  pwili  an  IQm  A4amW  ipntona, 
TbMt  OM  dajr  bloMa'd.  and  fniUliil  ware  tba  dcxL 
gtuAmpmn,  1  Utmrp  K/.  act  L  k.  6  (ISSV). 

An  Adonis  garden,  a  very  short-lived 

Sleasure ;  a  temporary  garden  of  cut 
owers ;  an  horticultural  or  floricultural 
show.  The  allusion  is  to  the  fenn^  and 
lettuce  jars  of  the  ancient  Greeks,  called 
"  Adonis*  gardens,"  because  these  plants 
were  reared  for  the  annual  festival  of 
Adoniiu  and  were  thrown  away  when  the 
festival  was  over. 

Adforam,  a  seraph,  who  had  cbarga 
cf  James  the  son  of  Alpbe'us. — Klopstock, 
The  Messiah,  ill.  (1748). 

Adosinda,  dangfater  of  the  Gothic 
governor  of  Auria,  in  Spain.  The  Moors 
having  slaughtered  her  parents,  husband, 
and  child,  preserved  her  alive  for  the 
captain  of  Alcahman's  regiment.  She 
went  to  his  tent  without  the  least  resis- 
tance, but  implored  the  captain  to  give 
her  one  night  to  mourn  the  death  of  those 
so  noir  and  dear  to  her.  To  this  he 
oomplied,  but  during  sleep  she  murdered 


ADRAMELECH. 


JEGEON. 


him  with  his  own  scvmitmr.  Roderick, 
disguised  as  a  monk,  helped  her  to  bury 
the  dead  bodies  of  her  nouse,  and  then 
■he  vowed  to  live  for  only  one  object, 
vengeance.  In  the  great  battle,  when  the 
Moors  were  overthrown,  she  it  was  who 
gave  the  word  of  attack,  "Victory  and 
vengeance  I " — Southey,  Kudcrick^  etc., 
iu7(1814). 

Adram'elecli  (ch^k)^  one  of  the  fallen 
angels.  Milton  makes  him  overthrown  by 
U'riel  and  Raphael  {Paradiso Lost,  vi.  365). 
According  to  Scrii)tnre,  he  was  one  of  the 
idols  of  Sepharvaim,  and  Shalmane'ser 
introduced  his  worship  into  Samaria. 
[The  word  means  **  the  mighty  magnifi- 
cent king.'*] 

The  SeirfwrrltM  bontt  tb^  ddkbraa  In  ttia  flra  to 
AAramdMb.— 9  King*  sriL  SL 

Klopstock  introduces  him  into  The 
Messiah^  and  represents  him  as  surpassing 
Satcn  in  malice  and  guile,  ambition  and 
mischief.  He  is  made  to  hate  every  one, 
even  Satan,  of  whose  rank  he  is  jealous, 
and  whom  he  hoped  to  overthrow,  that  by 
putting  an  end  to  his  servitude  he  might 
Decome  the  supreme  ^od  of  all  the  created 
worlds.  At  the  crucifixion  he  and  Satan 
are  both  driven  back  to  hell  by  Obad'don, 
the  angel  of  death. 

Adraste'  (2  syL)^  a  French  gentleman, 
who  enveigles  a  Greek  slave  named  Isi- 
dore from  don  PMre.  His  plan  is  this :  He 
gets  introduced  as  a  portrait-painter,  and 
uius  imparts  to  Isidore  his  love  and 
obtains  ner  consent  to  elope  with  him. 
He  then  sends  his  slave  Zaide  (2  suL)  to 
don  PMre,  to  crave  protection  for  ill 
treatment,  and  PMro  promises  to  befriend 
her.  At  this  moment  Adraste  appears, 
and  demands  that  Zaide  be  given  up  to 
him  to  punish  as  he  thinks  proper. 
PMre  intercedes ;  Adraste  seems  to  relent; 
and  PMre  calls  for  Zaide.  Out  comes 
Isidore  instead,  with  Zatde's  veil. 
"  There,"  says  Pfedre,  "  take  her  and  use 
her  wcU."  "I  will  do  so,"  says  the 
Frenchman,  and  leads  off  the  Greek 
slave. — Molibre,  Lc  Sicitw»  ou  VAinuur 
Peintre  (1667). 

A'dria,  the  Adriatic. 

Ikd  orar  Adrto  to  Uie  Utapmiuk  fl«kb  T/taly). 

MUton.  ParmdtM  Laat,  L  ScM  (1M6). 

Adrian's,  a  wealthy  E)>hesian  lady, 
who  marries  Antiph'olus,  twin-brother  of 
Antipholus  of  Syracuse.  The  abbess 
iEmilia  is  her  mother-in-law,  but  she 
knows  it  not;  and  one  day  when  she 
accuses  her  husband  of   infidelity,  she 


says  to  the  abbess,  if  he  is  unfiuthfnl  it 
is  not  from  want  of  remonstrance,  "fof 
it  is  the  one  subject  of  oar  conversation. 
In  bed  I  will  not  let  him  sleep  for  speak- 
ing of  it ;  at  table  I  will  not  let  him  eat 
for  speaking  of  it ;  when  alone  with  him 
I  talk  of  nothing  else,  and  in  company  F 
give  him  frequent  hints  of  it.  In  a  word, 
all  my  talk  is  how  vile  and  bad  it  is  in 
him  to  love  another  better  than  he  loves 
his  wife"  (act  t.  sc.  1). — Shakespeare, 
Cuinedy  of  Errors  (1593). 

Adria'no  de  Anua'do  (i>on),  « 

Compous,  fantastical  Spaniard,  a  military 
raggart  in  a  state  of  peace,  as  Parollet 
(3  ayl.)  was  in  war.  Boastful  but  poor,  a 
coiner  of  words  but  venr  ignorant, 
solemnly  grave  but  ridiculously  awkward, 
majestical  in  gait  but  of  very  low  pro- 
pensities.— Shakespeare,  Zov0*«  Xoootir 
Lost  (1694). 

(Said  to  be  designed  for  John  Florio, 
snmamed  "  The  Resolute,"  a  philologist. 
Holofemes,  tbe  pedantic  schoolmaster,  in 
the  same  play,  is  also  meant  in  ridicule  of 
the  same  lexicographer.) 

Adriat'io  wedded  to  the  Dogb.  The 
ceremony  of  wedding  the  Adriatic  to  the 
doge  of  Venice  was  instituted  in  1174  by 
pope  Alexander  III.,  who  gave  the  doge  a 
gold  ring  from  his  own  finger  in  token  of 
the  victory  achieved  by  the  Venetian 
fleet  at  1  stria  over  Frederick  Barbarossa. 
The  pope,  in  giving  the  ring,  desired  the 
doge  to  throw  a  similar  one  into  the  sea 
every  ^car  on  Ascension-Day  in  comme- 
moration of  this  event.  The  doge*i 
brigantinc  was  called  BucerUaw, 

Tou  mnf  renieinber.  Kupoe  flve/«an  art  past 
Biiiot  in  jruur  brigantin*  /ou  miIIm  to  ae* 
TIm  Adriatic  wediled  to  our  duke. 

T.  Otwajr.  Ventet  iV«Mr*Ml.  L  1  (ItBOl^ 

Ad'riely  in  Dr}'den*s  Absalom  and 
Achitophelf  the  earl  of  Mulgrave,  a 
royalist. 

Bbarp-Jodstng  Adrid.  the  fiuauf  Mend  } 
Hlnueir  a  mufc.    lu  auihcdrim't  debate 
True  to  hi*  prince,  but  not  a  slave  to  ttato; 
Whom  Dnrfcl'i  lovo  with  Immiouib  did  adorn, 
Tliat  from  lti«  dinobedleiit  mu  were  torn. 

PartL 

(John  Sheffield,  earl  of  Mulgrave  (1649- 
1721)  wrote  an  £ssay  on  Poetry,) 

iE'acus  king  of  Gilno'pia,  a  man  of 
such  integrity  and  piety,  that  he  was 
made  at  death  one  of  the  three  pudges  of 
hell.  The  other  two  were  Mmos  and 
Khodaman'thus. 

JEtge'orit  a  huge  monster  with  100 
arms  and  hO  heads,  who  with  his  brothers, 
Cottus  and  Gygcs,  conquered  the  Titans 


JB6E0N. 


9 


AVEiD. 


§r  hniliiig  Mt  ttieiD  300  rocks  at  once, 
omer  says  men  call  biro  *^JRgt'oti,"  but 
¥f  the  ffodt  he  is  called  Bri'areus  (3  5^/.). 
(Hilton  accents  the  word  on  the  first 
fffUaUe,  and  so  does  Fairfax  in  bis 
tnuulatkm  of  Tasso, — See  Paradise  LoaL 
L  746.) 

JEgtffm,  a  merchant  of  Srracnie,  in 
Shakcspeare^s  Comedy  of  £17^  {1693). 

Mt^'ji&t  a  rocky  island  in  the  Saronie 
gnlt.  It  was  near  this  island  that  the 
Athenians  won  the  famous  naval  battle  of 
Stfl'anis  over  Um  fleet  of  Xerxte,  B.C. 
480.  The  Athenian  prows  were  decorated 
with  afigiue-head  of  Athe'na  or  Minerva. 

AmIoToU 
the  brami  plow 
.'•  glooay  mag* 
•n  th*  Penfan  promtaad  glocjr. 


JBlia  Iiedlia  Crispis,  an  inex- 
plicable riddle,  so  called  from  an  in- 
•oiption  in  Ladn,  preserved  in  Bolonia, 
which  nay  be  rendered  thus  into  English  : 


MUA  UBUA  CRI8PI8. 


Miter  cki  Mr  IHT.  Bor  «ld ; 
ll«MlMrkariotBorriisia: 
BitaaioflfacMi 


byaiiiorthMj. 

bith0 


;  DOT  In  tlM  MrOi  j 


LUCroS  AGATHO  PKISCUS. 
lk«  kaiAaad,  Mr  l»*«r.  nor  friflnd  t 


tdthcr  •  pQa.  mt  a  pfruald.  nor  a  wpukbfv 
TWt  htayt  ke  IcMMnand  Iniows  Mt  (which  It  b]. 
n  b  a  M|wieto«  OMtatateK  M  eorpw  wlUilii  It  s 
Bkaeoipw  with  no tylcbfe ewHalntog H ; 

■■  aad  theaofialehra  are  on*  nd  tiM 

jr  pittd*  m  wtoH  to  th*  MhitfoN  «^  tk* 
lU'-J.  W.  DiBiMr. 

ifimelia,  a  lady  of  high  d^^ree,  in  love 
v^  Am'ias,  a  squire  of  inferior  rank. 
Going  to  meet  her  lover  at  a  trysting- 
pkec,  she  was  eaui^ht  up  by  a  hide<ms 
■Miuter,  and  thrust  into  his  den  for  future 
food.  BelpbcebeCSsy/Oslew^tbecaiUff** 
sad  released  the  maid  (canto  vii.). 
Prince  Arthur,  having  slain  Corflambo, 
released  Amias  from  the  durance  of 
Faa'na,  Orflam bo's  daughter,  and  brought 
^  lovers  toother  **  in  peace  and  settled 
iwt"  (canto  IX.). — Spenser,  Fairy  Queen. 
IT.  (1696). 

iBmil'ia,  wife  of  ^ge'on  the  Syra- 
casian  merchant,  and  mother  of  the  twins 
nUed  AiitiphVIus.  When  the  boys  were 
riiipwredua,  she  was  parted  from  them 
•ad  taken  to  Epbesos.  Here  she  entered 
ft  eoBTcnt,  and  rcae  to  be  the  abbess. 


Without  her  knowing^  it»  one  of  her  twin 
also  settled  in  Ephesus,  and  rose  to  be 
one  of  its  greatest  and  richest  citizens. 
The  other  son  and  her  husband  if'^geon 
both  set  foot  in  Ephesns  the  same  day 
without  the  knowledge  of  each  other,  and 
all  met  together  in  the  duke's  court,  when 
the  story  of  their  lives  was  told,  and  they 
became  again  united  to  each  other. — 
Shakespeare,  Comedy  of  Errore  (15d8). 

iBmon'ian  Arts,  magic,  so  called 
from  i£mon'ia  (  ThesscUy)^  noted  for  magic 

The  jEmonian,  Jason  was  so  called 
because  his  father  was  king  of  ^monia. 

JBae'aSy  a  Trojan  prince,  the  hero  of 
Virgil's  epic  called  JEneid,  He  was  the 
son  of  Aochi'ses  and  Venns.  His  first 
wife  was  Oeu'sa  (8  sy/.),  by  whom  he  had 
a  son  named  Asca'mus ;  his  second  wife 
was  LAvinia,  daughter  of  LAtlnus  king  of 
Italy,  by  whom  he  had  a  posthumous  son 
called  iEne'as  Sylvius.  He  succeeded  his 
father-in-law  in  the  kingdom,  and  the 
Romans  called  him  their  founder. 

According  to  Geoffrey  of  Monmouth 
"  Brutus,"  the  first  king  of  Britain  (from 
whom  tiie  island  was  called  Jfritain)^  was 
a  descendant  of  £neas. 

JEine'id,  the  epic  poem  of  Virgil,  in 
twelve  books.  When  Troy  was  taken  bj 
the  Greeks  and  set  on  fire,  i£ne'as,  with  his 
father^  son,  and  wife,  took  flight,  with  the 
intention  of  going  to  Italy,  the  original 
birthplace  of  the  nmily.  The  wife  was 
lost,  and  the  old  Either  died  on  the  way ; 
but  after  numerous  perils  by  sea  and  land, 
iEneas  and  his  son  Asca'nius  reached 
Italy.  Here  Latinus,  the  reigning  king, 
received  the  exiles  hospitably,  and  pro- 
mised his  daughter  LAvin'ia  in  marnage 
to  ^neas;  Ixit  she  had  been  already 
betrothed  by  her  mother  to  prince  Tumus, 
son  of  Daunus,  king  of  Ru'tuli,  and 
Tumus  would  not  forego  his  claim. 
Latinus,  in  this  dilemma,  said  the  rivals 
must  settle  the  dispute  by  an  appeal  to 
arms.  Tumus  being  slain,  iEneas  married 
LAvinia,  and  ere  long  sueeeded  his  father- 
in-law  on  the  throne. 

Book  I.  The  escape  from  Troy ;  il^.neas 
and  his  son,  driven  by  a  tempest  on  the 
shores  of  Orthagc,  are  hospitably  enter- 
tained by  queen  tNdo. 

II.  iEneas  tells  Dido  the  Ule  of  the 
wooden  horse,  the  burning  of  Troy,  and 
his  fli^t  with  his  father,  wife,  and  son. 
The  wife  was  lost  and  died. 

III.  The  narrative  continued.  The 
perils  he  met  with  on  the  way,  and  the 
death  of  his  father. 


iEOLUS. 


10 


AGAMEMNON. 


IV.  Dido  HUa  in  lore  with  iEneu; 
bnt  he  steals  away  from  Carthage,  and 
DidO|  on  a  funend  pyre,  puts  an  end  to  her 
life. 

V.  JSneas  reaches  Sioiljr,  and  celebrates 
there  the  games  in  honor  of  Anchises. 
This  book  corresponds  to  the  Ilia<l,  xxiii. 

YI.  j£nea8  visits  the  infernal  regions. 
This  book  corresponds  to  Odystet/y  xi. 

VII.  LAtinos  King  of  Italy,  entertains 
^^neas,  and  promises  to  him  Lavinia  (his 
daughter)  in  marriage,  but  prince  Ttimus 
had  been  already  betrothed  to  her  by  the 
mother,  and  raises  an  army  to  resist 
^neas. 

VIII.  Preparations  on  both  sides  for  a 
general  war. 

IX.  Tumns,  during  the  absence  of 
^neas,  fires  the  ships  and  assaults  the 
camp.  The  episode  of  Nisus  and  £nry'- 
alus. 

X.  The  war  between  Tnmus  and 
<£nea8.  Episode  of  Mezentius  and  Lao- 
sus. 

XI.  The  battle  continued. 

XII.  Tnmus  challenges  ^neas  to 
■ingle  combat,  and  is  killed. 

!C.R>-1.  The  11017  of  SInon  and  Ukltig  of  Troy  b  bor- 
rowed from  Ptnnder,  m  MarroU  w  infomt  ih. 

2.  Tli«  loTOs  of  Dido  and  JCiieai  art  co|ded  (Tom  Uiom 
of  UMlm  aad  Jaaoii,  ia  ApoDoiriaa. 

It.  The  story  of  the  <roodeii  horn  and  tb*  bonitaig  of 
Axqr  art  trout  Arctl'iuH  of  MUllut. 

iEj'oluSi  god  of  the  winds,  which  he 
keepff  imprisoned  in  a  cave  in  the  JColian 
Islands,  and  lets  free  as  he  wishes  or  as 
the  over-gods  command. 

Waa  I  for  tbb  Dlgb  wrecked  ttpim  the  na. 
And  twie»  by  awkward  wbid  mwii  Kngtand'a  baak 
Drrvc  hack  again  nnto  my  ntuin  climet .  ,  . 
Yet  JMm  woukl  not  be  a  murdenrtr. 
But  kft  Uiat  hatcfu!  oflce  onto  the*. 

Shaketpeaia.  t  Mnrp  Vi.  act  ▼.  «.  t  (1891). 

JBscula'pius,  in  Greek  Askle'pioSy 
thu  god  of  bealing. 
What  Mye  niy  ^teaibipiua t  my  Oalcof  .  .  .  Bal  b  be 


Bhaka^NM*.  Mvrrv  WiMtqf  Wtmdaor.  act  U.  ac  S  OSOl). 

iB'BOn,  the  father  of  Jason.  He  was 
restored  to  youth  by  Medea,  who  infused 
into  bis  veins  the  juice  of  certain  herbs. 

In  audi  a  night. 
Madea  gatbar'd  Uie  enchanted  bertai 
That  did  renew  old  Mmm. 
■lakeqware.  M«rch»m  ^  rtniee.  act  ▼.  K.  1  (before  1S8S). 

JEjBop,  the  fabulist,  said  to  be  homp- 
bftcked ;  hence,  **  an  Alsop  **  means  a 
hump-backed  man.  The  yonng  son  of 
iienry  VI.  calls  his  uncle  Kichard  of 
Gloster  "iEsop."--8  Henry  VI,  act  v. 
■c.  6. 

,£sm>  of  Arabia^  Lokman;  and  Nas* 
•en  (fifth   century). 


jEaop  of  England,  John  Gay  (1€8»- 
1782). 

j£$op  of  France,  Jean  de  la  Fontaine 
(1621-1696). 

^9(^  Of  Germemy,  (Sotthold  Ephraim 
Lessing  (1729-1781). 

jEaop  of  India.  Bidpay  or  PHpay 
(third  century  B.C.). 

AfsTf  (he  south-west  wind ;  Notus,  the 
full  south. 

Motoi  aa<  Afv.  blaek  wHh  tboHdraw  doodi. 

MUton.  Pmradim  UU,  x.  708  {Hm. 

Afirioan Magician  {The), pretended 
to  Aladdin  to  be  nis  uncle,  ana  sent  the 
lad  to  fetch  the  ^'  wonderful  lamp  **  from 
an  undei^round  cavern.  As  Aladdin  re- 
fused to  hand  it  to  tiie  magician,  he  shut 
him  in  the  cavern  and  left  him  there. 
Aladdin  contrived  to  get  out  by  virtue  of 
a  magic  ring,  and  learning  the  secret  of 
the  lamp,  became  immensely  rich,  built  a 
superb  palace,  and  married  the  sultan's 
daughter.  Several  vears  after,  the  African 
resolved  to  make  himself  master  of  the 
lamp,  and  accordingly  walked  u^  and 
down  before  the  palace,  crying  inces- 
santlv,  "  Wbo  will  change  old  lamps  for 
new?"  Aladdin  being  on  a  hunting  ex- 
cursion, his  wife  sent  a  eunuch  to  exchange 
the  '* wonderful  lamp**  for  a  new  oae: 
and  forthwith  the  magician  commanded 
"*  the  slaves  of  the  lamp  to  transport  the 
palace  and  all  it  contained  into  Africa. 
Aladdin  caused  him  to  be  |>oisoned  in  a 
draught  of  wine. — Arcitian  Aiuhts  (**  Alad- 
din or  The  Wonderful  Lamp  *^). 

Af^t  or  Afreet,  a  kind  of  Medusa 
or  Lamia,  the  most  terrible  and  cruel  of  all 
tiie  orders  of  the  deevs. — Herbeiot,  66. 

Prom  the  hundred  dUmncyt  of  the  Tiltege. 

like  the  Afk«et  in  the  Arabian  stonr  [tmtroduet.  Tal0\ 

ftaioky  cohiBBna  tower  aloft  into  tae  air  of  amber. 

Longfellow.  The  b'oMeti  MUtttomm. 

Afi^ag.  in  Drvden*s  satire  of  Absalom 
and  Achit'op/tef,  is  sir  Edmondbury 
Godfrey,  the  magistrate,  who  was  found 
murdered  in  a  ditch  near  Primrose  Hill. 
Ihr.  Oates,  in  the  same  satire,  is  called 
"Corah," 

Oorab  wdgbt  far  Afaii'i  murder  call. 

In  terau  aa  ooaraa  aa  Bamuel  uaad  to  Said. 

PartL 

Agamemnon,  king  of  the  Argiyes 
and  .  commander-in-chid  of  the  allied 
Greeks  in  the  sie^  of  Troy.  Introduced 
by  Shakespeare  in  his  Ttviitta  and  Cre^* 
$$da, 

Vijrire  fortes  ante  Aganiem'nona,  "There 
were  brave  men  before  Agamemnon;**  wa 
are  not  to  suppose  that  there  were  bo 
great  tnd  good  men  in  former  timet.    A 


AGANDECCA. 


11 


AGED. 


iimikr  proverb  is,  *'TliereAi«hSllt  beyond 
Ke&tland  and  fields  beyond  Forth/* 

A^andeecft,  dao^ter  of  Stamo  king 

of  LDchlin    ISoandinavia^    promised  in 

marriage  to  fmFai  king  of  Blorven  [north- 

wtt  of  SooHamd],    The  maid  told  Fingal 

to  beware  of  her  father,  who  had  set  an 

amboflh  to  kill  him.    Fin^I,  being  thus 

forewarned,  slew  the  men  in  ambush ;  and 

Stamo,  in  lage,  moidered  his  daughter, 

who  was  buried  by  Fingal  in  Ardven 

[Aryyfe]. 

Dm  4fai^tar  af  tiM  mov  omfcMnl.  aad  left  the  ban 
wthmmn^wl(0k  Om  oum  to  aU  Imt  Imutjr.  tike  tha 
■rnr  toH  ihm  doad  of  the  mat  Lorelluea  »m  aroaud 
Wr  fti  B^L  Her  tlep  mm  Kkc  the  miuie  at  tonfi. 
Sht  «v  ite  foath,  aad  levei  hhK.  He  wae  the  aloica 
iWi«fhvniL  Her  Mae  «M»  ralM  tn  Mcret  on  blm. 
m4  *e  UMMd  Ite  chief  ofMarrea.— Oiiteit  r  Fined,** 

Acanip'pe  (4  jy/.)«  fountain  of  the 
liases,  at  the  foot  of  mount  Helicon,  in 
Bceo'tia. 


lOli  their  BMUjr 
Gnv. 

Ag'ape  (8  «y/.)  the  fay.  She  had  three 
jons  at  a  birth,  Priamond,  Diamond,  and 
Triamond.  Being  anxious  to  know  the 
fotoie  lot  of  her  sons,  she  went  to  the 
tbjM  of  Demogorgon,  to  consult  the 
■'Three  Fatal  Sisters.**  Ootho  showed  her 
tiie  threads,  which  **were  thin  as  tlio<ie 
spun  by  a  spider.**  She  begged  the  fates 
to  lengthen  the  life-threadsTbut  they  said 
this  could  not  be ;  they  consented,  how> 
crer,  to  this  agreemoitr— 

When  ye  thrad  vitb  fidal  kalfe 
Rb  Bor  vhkb  is  the  ihortcet  of  the  three. 

KB  Into  the  next : 
aUkewiyeodedbe. 
M  wuf  Kkewiee  be  eiiiieit 
Hale  Che  thM.  tL«*  hl#  mv  he  ee  treMjr  wext 
r.  /hAy  qmtm,  Ir.  S  (U90). 


A^api'da  {fhty  Anitmio),  the  ima^ 
naary  chronicler  of  The  Conquest  of 
vnmadaiy  written  by  Washington  Irving 
(18»). 

Aff'aric,  a  genus  of  fungi,  some  of 
wkia  are  Tery  nauseous  and  disgusting. 


^arkhi  the  hoh  [/eretf ). 
leaoTaon.  tfurett  mmd  Lffmettt, 


Al^aBt'ya  (S  «y/.),  a  dwarf  who  drank 
the  sea  dry.  As  he  was  walking  one  day 
with  Vlshnoo,  the  insolent  ocean  asked 
the  god  who  uie  pigmy  was  that  strutted 
by  his  side.  Yishnoo  replied  it  was  the 
patriarch  AgastA-a,  who  was  going  to 
restore  earth  to  ita  true  balance.  Ocean, 
h  contempt,  spat  its  spray  in  the  pigmy's 
fsoe,  and  the  sage,  in  revenge  of  this 
affront,  drank  the  waters  of  the  ocean, 
lining  the  b^d  quite  dry.— Maurice. 


Aff'atlia.  daughter  of  Cqbo,  and  the 
betrothed  of  Max,  in  Weber's  opera  o€ 
Der  FreiachUtz.-^See  Dictionary  ofPhram 
and  Fable. 

Afi^ath^odes  (4  »yL),  tyrant  of  Sicily. 
He  was  the  son  of  a  potter,  and  raised 
himself  from  the  ranks  to  become  general 
of  the  army.  He  reduced  all  Sicilv  under 
his  power.  When  he  attacked  tLe  Car- 
thaginians, he  burnt  his  ships  that  his 
soldiers  might  feel  assured  thev  must 
either  conquer  or  die.  Agathocl^  died 
of  poison  administered  b}'  his  grandson 
(b,c.  861-289). 

Voltaire  has  a  tragedy  called  Agathocl€f 
and  Caroline  Pichlegr  has  an  excellent 
German  aorel  entitled  AgathociSs, 

Agathon,  the  hero  and  title  of  a 
philosophic  romance,  by  C*  M.  Wieland 
(17a;i-1813).  This  is  considered  the  best 
of  his  novels,  though  some  prefer  his  Von 
Sylvio  de  Roaalva. 

Agdistes  (8  syl,)^  the  mystagog  of 
the  Acrasian  bower,  or  the  evil  genius 
loci,  Spenser  says  the  ancients  call 
**Self*'  the  Agdistes  of  man;  and  the 
Socratic  **  diemon  *'  was  his  Agdistes. 

Tb«]r  In  thet  plnee  hhn  "Oenha"  did  cell ; 
Not  Uiet  oelectisi  power  .  .  .  nee  Antiquity 
DM  wiMlir  dWke.  and  good  Asdialei  call ; 
Bat  Utis  .  .  .  mu  .  .  .  the  foe  of  life. 

Speiuer.  Fmirw  ^VMnt.  iL  It  (U0H 

Asdis'tis,  a  genius  of  human  form, 
uniting  the  two  sexes,  and  bom  of  the 
stone  Agdus  (a.v.).  This  tradition  has 
been  preserved  by  Pausanias. 

AgduB.  a  stone  of  enormous  size. 
Parts  of  tnis  stone  were  taken  by  DeM^ 
calion  and  I^-rrha  to  throw  over  their 
heads,  in  order  to  repeople  the  world 
desolated  by  the  Flood. — Amobius. 

Age.  The  Age  of  the  BishopSy  accord- 
ingto  Hallam,  was  the  ninth  century. 

The  Age  of  the  Popes^  according  to 
Hallam,  was  the  twclftn  century. 

Varo  recognizes  7%ree  Ages :  1st.  From 
the  beginning  of  man  to  the  great  Flood 
(the  period  wholly  unknown).  2nd.  From 
the  iniood  to  the  first  Olympiad  (the  mythi- 
cal period).  3rd.  From  the  first  Olympiad 
to  the  present  time  (the  historical  period). 
—Varo,  Fragments,  219  (edit.  Scaliger). 

A«ed  (The),  so  WemmicVs  father  is 
call^.  He  Uved  in  *'  the  castle  at  Wal- 
worth.** Wemmick  at  *'  the  castle  "  and 
Wemmick  in  business  are  two  "  different 
beings.*' 

Wenunlck'd  hoan  wae  a  little  wooden  cottaae.  lo  tha 
"of  philB  if  tardea,  and  the  top  of  it  wm  ent  ipt 


AGELASTES. 


IS 


AGRAMANTE. 


aadpaintadHkaabaUvfTrooaiitedwithgiiM....  Itwaa 
the  onallett  ot  homM,  with  que«r  Gothk  vliidova  (bj  fw 
the  pwter  port  of  them  sham),  atid  •  Gothic  door,  ahnoat 
too  ■nail  to  get  In  at  ...  On  Sunday*  he  nui  op  a  real 
flag.  .  .  .  The  brld«e  wiu  a  plank,  and  it  crtMseil  a  chaon 
about  foor  feet  wide  and  two  deep.  ...  At  nine  o'dock 
ererj  night "  the  eun  flred."  the  gun  being  nMoiitad  in  a 
•eparato  fortran  mtnle  of  lattice- work.  It  was  protected 
fhun  the  weather  bf  a  tarpaulin  .  .  .  umbreUa.— C 
Dickeni,  Orectf  ExptaUUiom,  xxr.  (I860). 

A^elastes  {Michael)^  the  cynic  philo- 
sopher.—Sir  W.  Scott,  Count  Robert  of 
Paris  (time,  Riifiis). 

Agesila'us  (5  syl.),  Plutarch  tells 
us  that  Agesilaus,  kinf;  of  Sparta,  was 
one  day  discovered  riding  cock-horse  on 
a  long  stick,  to  please  and  amuse  his 
children. 

A'gib  {King),  "The  Third  Calen- 
der" {Arabian  Nifjhts*  Entertainments), 
He  was  wrecked  on  the  loadstone  moun- 
tain, which  drew  all  the  nails  and  iron 
bolts  from  his  ship ;  but  he  overthrew  the 
bronze  statue  on  the  mountain-top,  which 
was  the  cause  of  the  mischief.  A  gib 
visited  the  ten  joung  men,  each  of  whom 
had  lost  the  right  eye,  and  was  carried 
by  a  roc  to  the  palace  of  the  forty  prin- 
cesses, witli  whom  he  tarried  a  year.  The 
princesses  were  then  obliged  to  leave  for 
forty  days,  but  entrusted  him  with  the 
keys  of  the  palace,  with  free  permission 
to  enter  every  room  but  one.  On  the 
fortieth  day  curiosity  induced  him  to 
open  this  room,  where  he  saw  a  horse, 
which  he  mounted,  and  was  carried 
through  the  air  to  Bagdad.  The  horse 
then  deposited  him,  and  knocked  out  his 
right  eye  with  a  whisk  of  its  tail,  as  it 
b^  done  the  ten  "young  men**  above 
referred  to. 

Agitator  {The  Irish),  Daniel  0*Con- 
nell(1776-1847). 

Agned  Cathregonion,  the  scene  of 
one  of  the  twelve  battles  of  king  Arthur. 
The  old  name  of  Edinburgh  was  Agned. 

Ebrancui,  a  man  of  great  Btature  and  wonderful  atreiigth. 
took  upon  htm  the  Rovemment  of  Britain,  which  he  heM 
forty  yean. ...  He  built  Uie  city  of  Alehid  (r  Dumbarton] 
and  the  town  of  Mount  Agned.  called  at  this  time  ihe 
"GMtle  of  Maldene,"  or  the  "Mountatai  of  Sorrow."— 
OeoCrey.  BritUh  HUtorg,  he  7. 

Agnei'a  (3  syL),  wifelv  chastity,  sister 
of  Parthen'ia  or  maiden  chastity.  Agneia 
is  the  spouse  of  Encra't^s  or  temperance. 
Fully  described  in  canto  x.  of  The  Purple 
Islatid,  by  Phineas  Fletcher  (1683). 
(Greek,  agneia,  "  chastity.") 

Ag'nes,  daughter  of  Mr.  Wickfield 
the  solicitor,  and  David  Ck)ppertleld'8  se- 
cond wife  rafter  the  death  of  Dora,  "  his 
child  wife ' ).    Agnes  is  a  very  pure,  self- 


sacrificing  girl,  accomplished,  yet  do- 
mestic—<^  Dickens,  Vavid  Copperfield 
(1849). 

Agnes,  in  Molibrc*s  LYcole  dea 
FetntneSj  the  ^rl  on  whom  Amolphe  tries 
his  pet  expenment  of  education,  so  as  to 
turn  out  for  himself  a  "model  wife." 
She  was  brought  up  in  a  countr3r  convent, 
where  she  was  kept  in  entire  ignorance 
of  the  difference  of  sex,  conventional 
proprieties,  the  difference  between  the 
love  of  men  and  women,  and  that 
of  girls  for  girls,  the  mysteries  of 
marriage,  and  so  on.  AVhen  grown  to 
womanhood  she  quits  the  convent,  and 
standing  one  evening  on  a  balcony  a 
young  man  passes  and  takes  off  his  hat 
to  her,  she  returns  the  salute ;  he  bows  a 
second  and  third  time,  she  does  the  same ; 
he  passes  and  reoasses  several  times, 
boiifing  each  time,  and  she  does  as  she 
has  been  taught  to  do  by  acknowledging 
the  salute.  Of  course,  the  young  man 
{Horace)  becomes  her  lover,  whom  she 
marries,  and  M.  Amolphe  loses  his 
"  model  wife."    (See  Pinchwikk.) 

Elle  fait  CAqnes.  She  pretends  to  be 
wholly  unsophisticated  and  verdantly 
ingenuous. — French  Proverb  (from  the 
"Agnes"  of  Molifere,  li€oole  des  Femmea^ 
1662). 

Agne8  {Black),  the  countess  of  March, 
noted  for  her  d^ence  of  Dtmbar  against 
the  English. 

Bla(^  A'jnes,  the  palfry  of  Mary  queen 
of  Scots,  the  gift  of  her  brother  Moray, 
and  so  called  from  the  noted  countess 
of  March,  who  was  eountcss  of  Moray 
(Murray)  in  her  own  right. 

Agnes  {St,),  a  young  virgin  of 
Palermo,  who  tX  the  i^  of  thirteen  was 
martyred  at  Rome  dunng  the  Diocletian 
persecution  of  a.d.  804.  Prudence 
(Aurelius  Pradentius  Clemens),  a  Latin 
Christian  poet  of  the  fourth  century,  has  a 
poem  on  the  subject.  Tintoret  and  Do- 
menichi'no  have  both  made  her  the 
subject  of  a  painting. — The  Martyrdom 
of  St,  Agnes, 

St,  Agnes  and  the  DevH.  St.  Agneo, 
having  escaped  from  the  prison  at  Rome, 
took  shipping  and  landed  at  St.  Piran 
Arwothall.  The  devil  dogged  her,  but 
she  rebuked  him,  and  the  large  moor- 
stones  between  St.  Piran  and  St.  Agnes, 
in  Cornwall,  mark  tlie  places  where  the 
devils  were  turned  into  stone  by  the  looks 
of  the  indignant  saint. — Polwhele,  His^ 
tory  of  Cornwall, 

Agraman'te    (4  syl.)   or   A^ra- 


AGRAWAIN. 


18 


AHMED. 


Biat,  kiog  of  the  Moon,  in  Orlando 
/■wwonifo,  hj  Bojaido,    and    Orlando  ^ 
FkrioaOj  by  Anocto. 

Agra^vBin  (^)  or  Sir  Agravain, 
fonmiied  "The  Desirous*'  and  also  "The 
flan^tT.**  He  was  son  of  Lot  (king  of 
Orkney)  and  Mai^wse  half-sister  of  king 
Axthor.  His  brothers  were  sir  Gaw'atn, 
lir  Ga'heiis,  and  sir  Garcth.  Mordred 
WM  his  half-brother,  being  tlie  son  of 
king  Arthur  and  Margawse.  Sir  Agra- 
Tsin  and  sir  Mordred  hated  sir  Launcelot, 
sod  told  the  king  he  was  too  familiar 
with  the  qneen ;  so  thej  asked  the  king 
to  spend  the  day  in  hunting,  and  kept 
watdu  The  queen  sent  for  sir  Launcelot 
to  bu  private  chamber,  and  sir  Agravain, 
■ir  Mordred,  and  twelve  others  assailed 
thfe  door,  but  sir  Launcelot  slew  them  all 
except  sir  Mordred,  who  escaped. — Sir  T. 
Malory,  History  of  Prince  Arthur^  iii. 
14i-m  (1470). 

Agrica'ne  M  jy/.)»  ^^  ^  Tar- 
tar^, in  tibe  Oriimdo  InnamoratOf  of 
Bojardo.  He  besieges  Angelica  in  the 
easde  of  Albracca,  and  is  slain  in  single 
combat  by  Orlando.  He  brou^t  into 
the  field  2,200,000  troops. 


Minoc,  aer  m  «td«acsm|>, 
AgftcMn,  vf  th  an  bto  uorUieni  powwB. 


Jtiyal— rf.  ilL  OJyi). 


Mtttoii. 


Ag^OB,  Lnmpishness  personified ; 
a  **snUeD  swain,  all  miith  that  in 
kiaself  and  others  hated ;  dull,  dead,  and 
kaden."  Described  in  canto  viii.  of 
The  Purple  Island,  by  Phineas  Fletcher 
(106).    (Greek,  <^rros,  "a  savage.*') 

Agzippina  was  granddaughter,  wife, 
Mter,  and  mother  of  an  emperor.  She 
vat  granddaughter  of  Augustus,  wife  of 
dssdiHS,  sister  oi  (^ligua,  and  mother 
sfNero. 

%*  Lam'pedo  of  Lacedsnuon  was  daugh- 
ter, wife,  sister,  and  mother  of  a  king. 

A^py'na  or  Ag'ripjme  (3  »y/.)» 
a  pnoccas  beloved  by  the  "king  of 
C^norus"  son,  and  madly  loved  by  Orleans.** 
—Thomas  Dekker,  'Old  Fortunatut  (a 
comedy,  1600). 

A'gue  (2  syL),  It  was  an  old  super- 
ititiim  that  if  the  fourth  book  of  the  Iliad 
«u  laid  open  under  the  head  of  a  person 
mfferingfrom  C^aitan  ague,  it  would  cure 
liin  at  ODce.  Serous  Sammon'icus  (pre- 
<c|Aor  of  (jordian),  a  noted  physician,  has 
■Buwgst  his  mediosl  precepts  the  foUow- 
ng  — 

Mppose  UmcintL 


Ame-Cheek  {Sir  Andrew),  a  silly 
old  fop  with  "8000  ducats  ft  year,*'  very 
fond  of  the  table,  but  with  a  shrewd 
understanding  that "  beef  had  done  harm 
to  his  wit.*'  Sir  Andrew  thinks  himself 
"  old  in  nothing  but  in  understanding," 
and  boasts  that  he  can  "cut  a  caper, 
dance  the  coranto,  walk  a  jig,  and  take 
delight  in  masques,"  like  a  young  man. — 
Shakespeare,  Twelfth  Night  (1614). 

Woodward  0797-1777)  alvajm  MistaiMd  "air  Andrew 
Asw-dMok"  with  laSiilto  droUenr,  aMUtcd  by  that  ex- 
prwliin  of  "  mefbl  dhnajr,"  whkh  far*  w  peculiar  a 
astf  to  Ikk  ArarpfoC— Boodoo.  W«^atM$n». 

Chailca  Lamb  Mys  Uwl  "Jem  Wltiio  atw  ^Mnai  DodI 
ono  ovonliitf  in  Aguaehtrk,  and  noogniiintf  him  n«xt 
dmr  in  Fleet  Street,  took  off  iiii  hat,  aud  (uniied  him  with 
"  Save  jott.  air  Audrew!"  Dodd  itaMiljr  waved  Mi  haud 
and  fudaimed.  "  Awajr,  fool  t " 

Aliaback  and  I>ee'ra»  two  en- 
chanters^ who  aided  Ahu'bal  in  his  rebel- 
lion against  his  brother  Misnar,  sultan  of 
Delhi.  Ahubal  had  a  magnificent  tent 
built,  and  Horam  the  vizier  had  one  built 
for  the  sultan  still  more  magnificent. 
When  the  rebels  made  their  attack,  the 
sultan  and  the  best  of  the  troops  were 
drawn  o^  and  the  sultan's  tent  was 
taken.  The  enchanters,  delighted  witii 
their  prize,  slept  therein,  but  at  night  the 
vizier  led  the  sultan  to  a  cave,  and  asked 
him  to  cut  a  rope.  Next  morning  he 
heard  that  a  huge  stone  had  fallen  on  the 
enchanters  and  crushed  them  to  mummies. 
In  fact,  this  stone  formed  the  head  of  the 
bed,  where  it  was  suspended  by  the  rope 
which  the  sultan  had  severed-  in  the 
night. — James  Ridley,  Talee  of  the  Genii 
("The  Enchanters'  Tale,"  vi.). 

Ahasue'rus,  the  cobbler  who  pushed 
away  Jesus  when,  on  the  way  to  exe- 
cution, He  rested  a  moment  or  two  at  his 
door.  "  Get  off !  Away  with  you !"  cried 
the  cobbler.  "Truly,  I  go  away,"  returned 
Jesus,  "  and  that  quickly ;  but  tarry  thou 
till  I  come."  And  from  that  time  Aha- 
suerus  became  the  "wandering  Jew,"* 
who  still  roams  the  earth,  and  will  con- 
tinue so  to  do  till  the  "second  coming 
of  the  Lord."  This  is  the  legend  given 
by  Paul  von  Eitzen.  bbhop  of  Sohleswig 
(1547).— Greve,  Memoir  of  Paul  von 
Eitzen  (1744). 

Aher'nian  and  Ar'gen,  the  formet 
a  fortress,  and  the  latter  a  suite  of  im- 
mense haUs,  in  the  realm  of  Eblis,  where 
are  lodged  all  creatures  of  human  intelli- 
gence before  the  creation  of  Adam,  and 
all  the  animals  that  inhabited  ibe  earth 
before  ^e  present  races  existed.— W. 
Beckford,  Fat/*^*  (1786). 

Ah'niad  {Prince),  noted  for  the  tent 


AHOLIBAMAH. 


14 


ALADDIN. 


gimea  him  by  the  faiiy  Pari-banou, 
iriiieh  would  cover  a  whole  ftnny,  and 
yet  would  fold  up  so  small  that  it  might 
be  carried  in  one's  pocket.  The  same 
ffood  fairy  also  gave  him  the  apple  of 
Samarcand't  a  panacea  for  all  diseases. — 
Arabian  Nights  ErUertairunenU  (**  Prince 
Ahmed,  etc."). 

*•*  Solomon's  carpet  of  green  silk  was 
large  enough  for  all  his  army  to  stand 
upon,  and  when  arranged  the  carpet  was 
wafted  with  its  freight  to  any  place  the 
king  desired.  This  carpet  would  also  fold 
into  a  very  small  compass. 

The  ship  Skidbladnir  had  a  similar  elastic 
virtue,  for  though  it  would  hold  all  the 
inhabitants  of  Valhalla,  it  might  be 
folded  up  like  a  sheet  of  paper. 

Bayard,  the  horso  of  the  four  sons  of 
A>nnon,  grew  larger  or  smaller  as  one  or 
more  of  ue  four  sons  mounted  it.  (See 
AmoN.) 

Aboliba'xnah,  granddaughter  of 
Cain,  and  sister  of  Anah.  She  was 
loved  by  the  seraph  Samias'a,  and  like 
her  sister  was  earned  off  to  another  planet 
when  the  Flood  came. — Byron,  Heaven 
and  Earth, 

Proud.  ImiMriooi,  md  aH>iiiii&  tha  dantat  that  da* 
wonhifw  the  nnph.  and  decuuvi  Uwt  bbimmortalitjrcao 
bcftow  no  love  mora  pare  and  warm  than  bar  own,  and 
■haaKpraiiMaeonrtrUon  lliat  tliera  b  a  ray  wUbtn  bar 
"  vbleh.  though  (brblddon  yet  lo  •hlna."  Is  D«vertb«l«M 
lighted  at  tba  mme  etharoal  fin  aa  his  own.— Flndau, 

Ah'riman  or  Ahrima'nes  (4  $yl,)^ 
the  angel  of  darkness  and  of  evil  in  the 
Magian  system,  slain  by  Mithra. 

Ai'denn.  So  Poe  calls  Eden.  It  is 
a  reproduction  in  English  spelling  of  the 
Arabic  form  of  the  word. 

Tell  this  loul,  with  eorrow  laden. 
If  within  the  dlRtaot  Aldenn, 
It  shall  olasp  a  Minted  maiden, 
Wbum  the  angels  name  L«uore. 

Kdgar  Poe.  Tht  Xavetn. 

Aikwood  (Hingan),  the  forester  of 
sir  Arthur  Wardour,  of  Knockwinnook 
Castle. — Sir  W.  Soott,  The  Antiquary, 

Aim'well     {Thomas^    viscount)  j     a 

gentleman  of  broken  fortune,  who  pays 
is  addresses  to  Dorin'da,  daughter  of 
Ladv  Bountiful.  He  is  very  handsome 
and  fascinating,  but  quite  **  a  man  of  the 
world."  He  and  Archer  are  the  two  beaux 
of  The  Beaux'  Stratitjcin^  a  comedy  by 
George  Farquhar  (1705). 

I  thought  It  rather  odd  that  H(dland  ■hoold  be  tba 
Quia  "ntster"  of  the  partjr,  aiid  I  mid  to  ntTielr.  at 
Gttbet  aald  whan  he  heard  that  "  AlmweU  "  bad  gone  to 
diuRifa,  "  That  lookfl  suspicious  **  (act  U.  m.  S).— James 
Smith,  Mtmoin,  IMUn,  etc  (iStO). 

AiroasUe,  in   the  Cozeners,  by   S. 


Foote.  The  original  of  this  famWing 
talker  was  Gahagan,  whose  method  <S 
conversation  is  thus  burlesqued : 

Air«m$a»:  *' Did  I  not  tell  yoa  what  panoo  PnuMOo 
saidt  I  remember,  Mrs.  Ughtfoot  was  Iqr.  She  had  been 
bna^t  to  bed  tliat  daf  was  a  month  of  a  nrj  flna  boy 
a  bud  Mrth ;  for  Dr.  Beaton,  •rfao  served  his  tfana  witli 

Luke  Loiicet,  of  Guise's Then  was  also  a  talk  about 

him  and  Nancy  the  daughter.  She  afterwards  married  Wia 
Whitlow,  another  apn«ntloe,  who  had  great  expeo- 
latloiis  from  an  oU  unde  In  the  Grenadlem :  but  ha  left  all 
to  a  distant  rebtlon.  Kit  Cable,  a  midshipman  aboard 
the  Torbag.  She  was  lost  coming  home  in  the  chaniieL 
TLe  captain  was  taken  up  by  a  coaster  from  Rj«.  loaded 
with  cheese  "  (Now,  prajr,  what  did  panen  Pranello 
■ay  t  This  Is  a  pattani  dt  Mn.  Mlokhiby's  ramhUng 
■osrip.] 

Airlie  {The  earl  of),  a  royalist  in  tha 
service  of  king  Chaiies  I.— Sir  W.  Soott, 
Legend  of  Montrose, 

Airy  (^Sitr  George)  y  a  man  of  fortune, 
in  love  with  Miran'da,  tiie  ward  of  sir 
Francis  Gripe. — ^Mrs.  Centlivre,  The 
Busybody  (1709). 

A'jax,  son  of  <JIlens  [O.f,luoe']y 
generally  called  "the  less.'*  In  conse- 
quence of  his  insolence  to  Cassan'dra,  tha 
prophetic  daughter  of  Priam,  his  ship 
was  driven  on  a  rock,  and  he  gerished  at 
sea. — Homer,  Odyssey,  iv,  60/  ;  Virgil, 
JEneid,  L  41. 

A'jaz  Teramon*  Sophoclte  has  a 
tragedy  called  Ajax,  in  which  **the 
madman  "  scourges  a  ram  he  mistakes  for 
Ulysses.  His  encounter  with  a  flock  of 
sheep,  which  he  fancied  in  his  madness  to 
be  the  sons  of  Atreus,  has  been  men- 
tioned at  greater  or  less  length  by  several 
Greek  and  Koman  poets.  Don  Quixote 
had  a  similar  adventure.  This  Ajax  is 
introduced  by  Shakespeare  in  his  drama 
called    Troiius  and  Cressida,    (See  Ali- 

PHARNON.) 

The  Tuscan  poet  [A rtotto]  doth  adranee 
The  fraotle  paladin  of  Prance  {OrtaiHdo  Fwrtato); 
And  tboM  mora  ancient  iaophoeliM  and  SsAeeaJ  do  «•• 
hanee 

Alcldte  in  his  ftiT7  {Htreulit  /Wvnt]; 
And  othars.  AJax  Tehunon  ;— 
But  lo  this  time  tbara  hath  been  aona 
So  bedl'Bt  as  our  ubaron ; 

Of  which  i  dara  assure  you. 

M.  Dra/ton.  JTymiiMdte  (IMS-ISa). 

AJut  and  Anningait,  in  The  Book' 
bier. 

Part.  Hke  AJut,  never  to  ratnrn. 

Oamphell.  naa$urm  of  Uof,  IL  KOm\ 

Ala'ciel,  the  ^:enins  who  went  on  s 
voyage  to  the  two  islands,  Tacitumia  and 
Herryland  \ London  and  Paris\, — De  la 
Dixmerie  Uisle  Tadtvame  et  Cisle  En- 
jowfe,  OU  Voyage  du  Oehie  Alaciel  dans  ies 
deux  lies  (1769). 

Aladdin^  son  of  Mustafa  a  poor 
tailor,  01  China,  *'  obstinate,  disobedient, 


ALADDIK. 


15 


ALASNAM. 


fltdmischieTOQa,'*  whoOj  abandoned  '*  to 
iadoleuse  aad  lieentiotuness.^  One  day 
an  African  ma^dan  accosted  him^  pr^ 
tending  to  be  his  uncle,  and  Bent  him  to 
Iffing  np  tile  "  wonderful  lamp,"  at  the 
Mme  tune  giring  him  a  **  ring  of  safety." 
Aladdin  secured  the  lamp,  but  would  not 
band  it  to  the  magician  till  he  was  out  of 
I3btt  cave,  whereupon  the  magician  shut 
him  up  in  the  cave,  and  departed  for 
Africa.  Aladdin,  wringing  his  hands  in 
despair,  happened  to  rub  the  magic  ring, 
when  tiie  genius  of  the  ring  appeared 
befoce  him,  and  asked  him  his  com- 
mands. AJauddin  reouested  to  be  delivered 
from  the  cave,  ana  he  returned  home. 
By  means  of  his  lamp,  he  obtained 
intold  Wealth,  built  a  superb  palace,  and 
married  Badroul'boudour,  the  sultan's 
daoi^ter.  After  a  time,  the  African 
■agidan  got  possesion  of  the  lamp,  and 
cnned  the  pa£u;€,  with  all  its  contents,  to 
be  tiansported  into  Africa.  Aladdin  was 
absent  at  the  time,  was  arrested  and 
ordered  to  execution,  but  was  rescued  by 
titt  populace,  with  whom  he  was  an  im<- 
BMBse  favourite,  and  started  to  discover 
what  had  become  of  his  palace.  Happen- 
ing to  alipi  he  nibbed  his  ring,  and  when 
the  genius  of  the  ring  appeared  and  asked 
his  orders,  was  instantly  posted  to  the 
^aee  where  his  palace  was  in  Africa. 
He  poisoned  the  magician,  regained  the 
kmp,  and  had  his  palace  restored  to  its 
original  place  in  China. 


bAliddln'B] 

Bfnm,  Dtm  Juam,  iSlL  IS. 

AladdaCi  Loanp^  a  lamp  brought 
fna  an  nndeiground  cavern  in  "the 
Kiddle  of  China.**  Being  in  want  of 
fosd,  the  mother  of  Aladdin  began  to 
scrab  it,  intending  to  sell  it,  when  the 
ccbIbs  of  the  lamp  appeared,  and  asked 
aerwhat  were  her  commands.  Aladdin 
answered,  '*!  am  hungry;  bring  me 
food ;  **  and  immediately  a  banquet  was 
Mt  before  him.  Having  thus  become 
aeooaxnted  with  the  merits  of  the  lamp, 
he  Wame  enormously  ridi,  and  married 
ths  sultanas  daughter.  By  artifice  the 
African  magician  got  possession  of  the 
Jsoip,  and  tnuisported  the  palace  with  its 
contents  to  Africa.  Aladdin  poisoned  the 
iB^;ician,  recovered  the  lamp,  and  re- 
tnmslsted  the  palace  to  its  original  site. 

AladdnCM  Paiaoe  Windowi.  At  the 
top  of  the  palace  was  a  saloon,  containing 
tveaty-four  windows  (ux  on  each  side), 
•sd  all  but  one  enriched  with  diamonds, 
nibKs,  and  emeralds.  One  was  left  for 
the  sultan  to  complete,  but  all  the  jewel- 


lers in  tiie  «npire  were  unable  to  make  ont 
to  match  the  others,  eo  Aladdin  eon>- 
manded  "the  slaves  of  the  lamp"  to 
complete  their  work. 

AladdMs  £in^,  given  him  by  the 
African  magician,  "a  preservative 
against  every  evil." — Arabian  Ifightt 
("  AUddin  and  the  Wonderful  Lamp^). 

Al'adine,  the  sa^^acious  but  cruel 
king  of  Jerusalem,  slain  by  Raymond. — 
Tasso,  Jerusaletn  Velioered  (1575). 

Afadme  (8  ty/.),  son  of  Aldus  "a 
lustv  knight."— Spenser,  Faery  Quden, 
tL  0  (1596). 

Alaff,  Anlai;  or  Ola£,  son  of 
Sihtric,  Danish  king  of  Northumbcriand 
(died  927).  When  itthelstan  [Atheistan] 
took  possession  of  Northuniberland,  Alaff 
fled  to  Jreland,  and  his  brother  Guthfrith 
or  Godfrey  to  Scotland. 

Our  BnglUi  Athdrtaa. 

In  the  NorthumliriMi  flddi,  wtth  mott  rlctorioBs  niisbt. 

Pill  Alaff  and  his  powen  to  more  faiglodoni  Ikht. 

Drartott.  i'ol«ol6tom  idl  (1011). 

Al  AiHi.f^  the  great  limbo  between 
paradise  and  hell,  for  the  half  good. — Ai 
Jiorun^  vii. 

Alar'oon  king  of  Barca^  who  joined 
the  armament  of  Kgypt  agamst  the  cru- 
saders, but  his  men  were  only  half 
armed.— Tasso,  Jerusalem  Delivered {lb7b), 

Alario  Cottin.  Frederick  the  Gicat 
of  Prussia  was  sO  called  b^  Voltaire. 
'*  Alaric  "  because,  like  Alanc,  he  was  a 
great  warrior,  and  "Cottin"  because,  lika 
Cottin,  satirized  by  Boileau,  he  was  a 
very  indifferent  poet. 

Alas'co,  alias  Dr.  Okmetkius  Do- 
BOOBius,  an  old  astiologer,  consulted  by 
the  earl  of  Leicester. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
KcnUvDorth  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Alas'liam  {Prince  Zeyn)  possessed 
eight  statues,  each  a  single  diamond  on  a 
gold  pedestal,  but  had  to  go  in  search  of 
a  ninth,  more  valuable  wan  thein  all. 
This  ninth  was  a  lady,  the  most  beauti- 
ful and  virtuous  of  women,  "more  pre- 
cious than  rubies,"  who  became  his  wife. 

One  pun  and  perlect  [wonuin\  Is  .  .  .  Ifka  AlasBCjn'i 
ladbr.  wortli  thamalL— Sir  Waltar  Boott. 

Alasnam's  Mirror.  When  Alasnam  was 
in  search  of  his  ninth  statue,  the  kin;?  of 
the  Genii  gave  him  a  test  mirror,  in  which 
he  was  to  look  when  he  saw  a  beauti- 
ful girl,  "if  the  glass  remained  pure 
and  unsullied,  the  damsel  would  be  the 
same,  but  if  not,  the  damsel  would  not 


ALASTOB. 


16 


ALBION. 


be  whollj  pure  in  body  and  in  mind.** 
This  mirror  was  called  "the  touchstone 
of  virtue."— ^ra6ui»  Nightt  ("Prince 
Zeyn  Alasnam  *'). 

Alas'tor,  a  house  demon,  the  **  skele- 
ton in  the  closet,"  which  haunts  and 
torments  a  family.  Shelley  has  a  poem 
entitled  Alastor  or  the  spirit  of  Soli- 
tude, 

Gk«ro  nya  1m  meditated  idlUiig  hUaself  OuU  he  nLht 
become  tbe  Akwtor  of  Augustus,  wImib  be  bated. — Hn- 
tareb.  Cte*ro,  efe.  ("  PaniUel  Uree"). 

God  Afanisbty  mostervd  up  an  arnijr  of  mice  afalnst  tbe 
•rebbtebop  ri7iiMe|.  nnd  sent  tbem  to  pefwcMo  bla  ae 
Mi  ftorioot  ▲laaton.—Corrat.  CrmMtim,  OTL 

Allban  {St.)  of  Ver'ulam,  hid  his  con- 
fessor, St.  Am'phibal,  and  changing  clothes 
with  him,  suirered  death  in  his  stead. 
This  was  during  tbe  frightful  persecution 
of  Maximia'nus  Hercu'lius,  general  of 
Diocle'tian's  army  in  Britain,  when  1000 
Christians  fell  at  Lichneld. 

AttWD— our  proto-martjrr  called. 

Dngrtoo.  PotpolUnt,  tilr.  (1S2S). 

Alba'nla,  the  Scotch  Highlands,  so 
called  from  Albanact,  son  of  Brute,  the 
mjrtbical  Trojan  king  of  Britain.  At  the 
death  of  Brute  "  Britain  **  was  divided 
between  his  throe  sons :  Locrin  had  Eng- 
land ;  Albanact  had  Albania  {Soottand}  ; 
and  Kamber  had  Cambria  ( Wales). 

He  {ArVmr]  br  f<unc«  of  arms  Albank  orerrun, 
Punuing  of  tbe  Pkts  bejrond  moant  OJnluii. 

Drajrion.  r^yolbUm,  ir.  (IfaS). 

Alba'nia  {Tw/iqf  in  Asia),  It*means 
'*the  mountain  region;**  and  properly  com- 
prehends SchirwaHf  jDagKestan,  and  Geor- 
gia.   In  poetry  it  is  us^  very  loosely. 

Ainbeiiok  of  Mortemak.  tbe  same 
as  llieodorick  the  hermit  of  Engaddi,  an 
exiled  nobleman.  He  tells  king  Richard 
the  history  of  his  life,  and  tries  to  dissuade 
him  from  sending  a  letter  of  defiance  to 
the  archduke  of  Austria.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
The  Talisman  (time,  Richard  I.). 

APbenckj  the  squire  of  prinee  Richard 
(one  of  the  sons  of  Henry  II.  of  Eng- 
land).—Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Betrothed  (time, 
Henry  II.). 

Albert,  commander  of  the  Britannia, 
Brave,  liberal,  and  just,  softened  and 
refined  by  domestic  tics  and  superior  in- 
formation. His  ship  was  daslied  against 
the  projecting  vcrj^e  of  Cape  Colonna,  the 
most  southern  pomt  of  Attica,  and  he 
perished  in  the  sea  because  Redmond 
(second  in  command)  grasped  on  his  legs 
and  could  not  be  shaken  off. 

Thocgb  trained  in  boisterous  dementi,  bk  mind 
Was  >«t  by  soft  hum.tnity  reAn«-d : 
Each  uy  of  wedded  Utvs  at  home  lie  knew, 
Atiruad,  oonfeaKnl  tlie  (atlier  of  bis  crew.  .  . 


His  sealus.  erw  for  th'  event  praMrad, 

Bote  with  tbe  storm,  and  all  its  dangers  nhared. 

Paleoner,  Tk«  Skipttrm*.  L  t  (178^ 

Albert^  father  of  Gertnide,  patriarch 
and  judge  of  Wyo'ming  (call^  by  Camp- 
beU  Wy'oming).  Both  Albert  and  his 
daughter  were  shot  by  a  mixed  force  of 
British  and  Indi&n  troops,  led  by  one 
Brandt,  who  made  an  attack  on  the  settle- 
ment, put  all  the  inhabitants  to  the  sword, 
set  fire  to  the  fort,  and  destroyed  all  the 
houses. — CampbelL  Gertrude  of  Wyoming 
(1809). 

Albertf  in  Goethe*8  romance  called  7!^ 
Sorrows  of  Werther,  is  meant  for  his 
friend  Kcstner.  He  is  a  young  German 
farmer,who  married  CharlotteBufT  (oallod 
"  Lotte"  in  the  novel),  with  whom  Goethe 
was  in  love.  Goethe  represents  himself 
under  the  name  of  Werther  (q.  v.). 

Albert  of  Oei'erstein  (Count), 
brother  of  Arnold  Biederman,  and  presi- 
dent of  the  **  Secret  TribnnaL**  He  some- 
times appears  as  a  **  black  priest  of  St. 
Paul's,  and  sometimes  as  the  "  monk  of 
St.  Victoire."— Sir  W.  Scott,  Anne  of 
Geierstein  (time,  Edward  lY.). 

Albertaz'zo  married  Alda,  daughter 
of  Otho,  duke  of  Saxony.  His  sons 
were  Ugo  and  Fulco.  From  this  stem 
springs  tiie  Roval  Family  of  England. — 
Ariosto,  Orlanao  Furioso  (1516). 

Albia'zar,  an  Arab  chief,  who  joins 
the  £g}-ptian  armament  against  the  cru- 
saders. 

▲  cblcf  In  rapine,  not  bi  knlfbthoed  bred. 

TascO,  Jmrvaalem  IMiwvr^d,  KviL  (U7S)i> 

Albin,  the  primitive  name  of  tiie 
northern  part  of  Scotland,  called  by  the 
Romans  **  Caledo'nia.*'  This  was  the  put 
inhabited  by  the  Picts.  The  Scots  mi- 
grated from  Scotia  (north  of  Ireland), 
and  obtained  mastery  under  Kennetti 
Macalpin,  in  S43. 

Oreen  AlUn,  wbat  tboogh  he  no  moresnrregr 
Tby  abips  at  aiicbor  on  tbe  quiet  abore, 
Th7  uellucbi  [por/,oU*s]  roiling  from  UM  rooontaln  baf  , 
Tlijr  lone  sepulchral  calm  upon  the  moor, 
Aiid  distant  is!e«  that  hear  tbe  load  Cortareebtan  roar. 
CbmpUU.  UtrtruiU  nf  Wpomtimg,  L  6  (1SQ0). 

Alljion.  In  legendary  history  this 
word  is  variously  accounted  for.  One 
derivation  is  from  Albion,  a  giant,  son  of 
Neptune,  its  first  discoverer,  who  rul^ 
over  the  island  for  forty-four  vears. 

Another  derivation  is  Al'biHj  eldest 
of  the  fifty  daughters  of  Diocle'sian  king 
of  Svria.  These  fifty  ladies  all  married 
on  t^e  same  day,  and  all  murdered  their 
husbands  on  the  wedding  night.    By  way 


ALBOSAK. 


17 


ALCHSMI8T. 


if  fmahbmtBDtf  thcj  wei«  casi  adrifi  in  a 
ih^  nnmannH,  bat  the  wind  drove  the 
rtml  to  our  cout,  where  these  Svruui 
dunels  dwembftrked.  Hoe  they  lived 
the  rest  of  their  Uves,  and  married  with 
the  abonginea,  **a  lawlesa  crew  of  devila." 
ICHos  mcntionf  thia  legend,  and  naively 
adds,  **iti8  too  aboard  and  nnconscionabiy 
noes  to  be  believed.**  Ita  resemblance  to 
tte  fifty  dan^ters  of  Dan'aos  is  palpable. 

Drayton,  m  his  Polyofhion,  says  that 
Albioa  came  from  Rome,  was  **uie  first 
sartvr  of  the  land,**  and  dpng  for  the 
futh  s  sake,  left  his  name  to  the  country, 
where  Offa  sabseqnently  reared  to  him 
^a  rich  and  samptuons  shrine,  with  a 
flMOBStery  attached.** — Song  xvi. 

JAtMi,  kin^  of  Briton,  when  Cberon 
bcMhiaconrt  m  what  is  now  called  **  Ken- 
siagton  Gaident.**  T.  Tickell  has  a  poem 
ipoo  this  subject. 

AJbian  wart  with  Jooe's  Son,  Albion, 
SOD  of  Neptune,  wan  with  Her'eules,  son 
«f  Jove.  Neptune,  dissatisfied  with  the 
ihare  of  his  father*s  kingdom,  awarded  to 
him  by  Jupiter,  aspiied  to  dethrone  his 
koCher,  bnt  Hercules  took  his  father's 
part,  and  Albion  was  discomfited. 


tha  mm  of  Jorn 
M.  OniftOB.  Pot^oUlon,  fv.  (IflS). 

AHx/rak,  the  animal  brought  by 
Gabriel  to  convey  Mahomet  to  the  seventh 
hea>ea.  It  had'  the  face  of  a  man,  the 
cheeks  of  a  horse,  the  wings  of  an  ^le, 
and  gpoke  with  a  human  voice. 

Albrac'oa,  a  castle  of  Cathay  (CAma), 
t*  vfaich  Angd'iea  retires  in  grief  when 
^  finds  htft  love  for  Binaldo  is  not  re- 
ciproeated.  Heee  she  is  besieged  liy 
Ac^ioand  king  of  Tartary,  who  is  re- 
wrred  to  win  her. — ^Bojardoi  Orkmdo 
Jmumonxto  (1496). 

Albracoa'sDamsel^  Angelica.  (See 
above.)— Arioato,  Orlando  Furioso  (1616). 

Albnina'ssary  Arabian  astronomer 
(776-«86). 

n»niiiliii.o«rwcfc^— iHrilwlMtli»'c 
%  tfc>iriiihp«  iJMt  km  hath 
CMwwd  amd  am^ ;  far  be ' 

%m  If  nkotaar.  prtoct  t 

J.  Bnlta.  rklHf  Mpmnm  (ttoi«.'BaBi7  VUL). 

Alcai'ro,  the  modem  name  of  Mem- 

IfoCBhlifloa 
;  IfaJfo  focti  wgnWrauM 
fa  aH  their  slorti^ 

X««.  L  n7  (MID. 


Hot 


Aloeete  (8  syL)  or  AloesticL  wife  of 
Adffi^tos.  On  £jj  wedding  day  Admetns 
■ejected  to  offer  sacrifice  to  Diana,  but 


Apollo  indoeed  the  Fates  to  spare  hit 
life,  if  he  could  find  a  voluntary  substi- 
tute. His  bride  offered  to  die  for  him, 
but  Hercul^  brought  her  back  from  the 
world  of  shadows. 

%*  £ari[Mdc8  has  a  Greek  tragedy  oo 
the  subject  (AloestiB)  ;  Clock  has  an  open 
(Aioeste)  libretto  by  Cakabigi  Q7fi6) ; 
Philippi  Quinault  produced  a  French 
tragedy  entitled  Alc€9te^  in  1674;  and 
Lagmnge-Chancel  in  16d4  produced  ft 
Froich  tragedy  on  the  same  subject. 

AlonU^  (2  sy/.),  the  hero  of  Molibre's 
comedy  Le  Misanthrope  (1666),  not  un- 
like Timon  of  Athens^  by  Shakeqware. 
Alceste  is  in  fact  a  pure  and  noble  mind 
soured  by  perfidy  and  disgusted  with 
society.  (Courtesy  seems  to  him  the  vice 
of  fops,  and  the  usages  of  civilized  life  no 
better  than  hypocrisy.  Alceste  pays  his 
addresses  to  Celim^e,  a  coquette. 

AlcMte  b  an  upright,  manly  diaraetcr,  but  rode  and  fan* 
t»  avm  of  tbe  octflaan^  dfilltki  of  llftu— Sk  Wahar 


Aloee'tis  or  Alcestes  (8  wL), 
daughter  of  Pel'ias  and  wife  of  AdmcTus, 
who  gave  herself  up  to  death  to  save  the 
life  of  her  husband.  Hercules  fetched  her 
from  the  grave,  and  restored  her  to  her 
husband.  Her  story  is  told  by  Wm. 
Morris^  in  The  EarimyParadise  (June). 

%*  Longfellow,  in  The  Golden  Legend, 
has  a  somewhat  similar  story :  Henry  of 
Hohenock  was  like  to  die,  and  was  told 
he  would  recover  if  he  could  find  a 
maiden  willing  to  lay  down  her  life  for 
him.  Elsie,  the  daughter  of  GoUlieb 
(a  tenant  farmer  of  the  prince),  vowed 
to  do  so,  and  followed  the  prince  to 
Salerno,  to  surrender  herself  to  Lucifer ; 
but  the  prince  rescued  her,  and  made 
her  his  wife.  The  excitement  and  exer- 
cise cured  the  indolent  young  prince. 

Al'chemist  {The),  the  last  of  the 
three  great  comedies  of  Ben  Jonson  (1610). 
The  other  two  are  Vol^pone  (2  eyL), 
(1606),  and  The  Silent  Woman  (1609). 
The  object  of  The  Alchemist  is  to  ndicule 
the  belief  in  the  philosopher's  stone 
and  the  elixir  of  life.  The  alchemist 
is  "  Subtle,**  a  mere  quack ;  and  "  sir 
Epicure  Mammon  '*  is  the  chief  dupe,  who 
supplies  money,  etc.,  for  the  "transmu- 
tation of  metal.**  "Abel  Drugger*'  a 
tobacconist,  and  ** Dapper**  a  lawyer's 
derk,  are  two  other  dupes.  "Captjun 
Faoe,**  alias  **  Jeremy,**  the  house-servant 
of  "  Lovewit,**  and  "  Dol  Common  *'  are 
his  allies.  The  whole  thing  is  blown  np 
by  the  unexpected  return  of  **  Lovewit.** 

c 


ALCTBTADES. 


IS 


ALDABEtLA. 


Aloibi'adeB  (5  syL),  the  Atbenin 
general.  Being  banished  by  the  senate,  he 
Diait^ee  agminst  the  city,  and  the  senate, 
being  unable  to  offer  resistance,  open 
the  gates  to  him  (b.o.  45<M04).  This 
Inciaent  is  introduced  by  Shakespeare  in 
Tbnon  of  Athens, 

Akibiades  has  furnished  Otway  with 
the  subject  of  an  English  tragedy  (1^72), 
and  J.  G.  de  Campistron  with  one  in 
French  (Alcibiade,  1683). 

Aloibi'adeB'  Tables  represented  a 
god  or  goddess  outwardly,  ana  a  Sile'nns, 
or  deformed  piper,  within.  Erasmus  has 
a  curious  dissertation  on  these  tables 
(Adagef  667,  edit.  R.  Stephens);  hence 
emblematic  of  falsehood  and  dissimula- 
tion. 

Whoto  vanto  Ytrtoe  b  oooqMrad  to  tiMM 
Fabe  ubl«  wrought  bf  Aldbladai : 
Whtoh  notad  wvlloraO  were  found  tV«  Md 
Moat  kb- witfaoot.  Int  mart  defonrad  wtthla. 
Wm.  BfOWM.  BHlmnmia'$  P€utorut$,  L  (ISlS). 

Alci'des,  Herculds,  son  of  Alcieus; 
anv  strong  and  valiant  hero.  The  drama 
called  I/ercutis  Furmu  is  by  Eurip'ides. 
Senoca  has  a  tragedy  of  the  same  title. 

Dm  T^aowB  poet  [^l  riotto]  dotli  tidnutm 
The  ftantk  pafaMttti  of  Pnuwe  lOrtewfo  AiHm»]; 
And  thoie  man  andentdo  enMncie 
Akldte  In  hb  fbiy. 

M.  Dmrton.  ir^mpkUta  (usi-isn). 

Where  b  tUowt  AlekU«  of  the  ftaU, 
Valfauit  lord  fidbot.  eail  of  Shrewdmiyt 
Shakcqware,  1  iTonrr  ^f-  •eth.m.f  (ISM). 

Alci'na,  Carnal  Pleasure  personified. 
In  Bojardo*8  Orlando  Innamorato  she 
is  a  fairy,  who  carries  off  Astolfo.  In 
Ariosto's  Orlando  Furioso  she  is  a  kind 
of  Circe,  whose  f^arden  is  a  scene  of 
enchantment.  Alcina  enjoys  her  lovers 
for  a  season,  and  then  converts  them  into 
trees,  stones,  wild  beasts,  and  so  on,  as 
her  fancy  dictates. 

Al'oiphron  or  The  Minute  FkUoeo- 
pher^  the  title  of  a  work  by  bishop 
Berkeley,  so  called  from  the  name  of  the 
chief  speaker,  a  freethinker.  The  object 
of  this  work  is  to  expose  the  weakness  of 
infidelity. 

Al'ciphrony  "the  epicurean,**  the  hero 

of   T.  Moore's    romance    entitled    The 

Epicurean, 

Uke  Aldphron.  we  twins  la  air  aad  darkMH.  and  know 
not  whither  the  wind  blows  ui.— Pu<nan»'<  MagoMin: 

Alcme'na  (in  Moli^re,  Alcmene),  the 
wife  of  Amphitryon,  general  of  the  Tho- 
ban  army.  While  her  husband  is  absent 
warring  against  the  Telebo'ans,  Jupiter 
assumes  the  form  of  Amphitryon;  but 
Amphitryon  himself  returns  home  the 
next  day,  and  great  confusion  arises  be- 


tween the  fitlne  and  true  Ampbitiyoii, 
which  is  .augmented  by  Mercury,  who 
personates  Sos'ia,  the  slave  of  Amphi- 
tryon. By  this  amour  of  Jupiter.  Alc- 
mena  becomes  the  mother  of  Hercnl^. 
Plautus,  Molibre,  and  Dryden  have  all 
taken  this  plot  for  a  comedy  entitled 
Amphitryon, 

AloofH'baB.  the  name  by  which 
Babelais  was  called,  after  he  came  out  of 
the  prince's  mouth,  where  he  resided  for 
six  months,  taking  toll  of  every  morsel  of 
food  that  the  prince  ate.  Pantag'ruel 
gave  '*  the  merry  fellow  the  lairdship  of 
Salmigondin." — Babelais,  Pantagruel,  iL 
32  (1533). 

Al'oolomb,  "  subduer  of  hearts,** 
daughter  of  Abon  Aibouof  Damascus,  and 
sister  of  Ganem.  The  caliph  Haroun-al* 
Raschid,  in  a  fit  of  jealousy,  commanded 
Ganem  to  be  put  to  death,  and  his  mother 
and  sister  to  do  penance  for  three  dayv  in 
Damascus,  and  then  to  be  banished  from 
Syria.  The  two  ladies  came  to  Bagdad, 
and  were  taken  in  by  the  charitable  syn- 
dec  of  the  jewellers.  When  the  jealous 
fit  of  the  «Uiph  was  over  he  sent  for  the 
two  exiles.  Alcolomb  he  made  his  wife, 
and  her  mother  he  married  to  his  vizier. 
— Arabian  Nights  ("Ganem,  tiie  Slave  of 
Love**). 

Aloy'on,  "  the  wofuUest  man  alive,** 
but  once  "  Uie  jolly  shepherd  swain  that 
wont  full  merrily  to  pipe  and  dance.**  near 
where  the  Severn  flows.  One  da^  ne  saw 
a  lion's  cub,  and  brought  it  up  till  it  fol- 
lowed him  about  like  adog;  but  aoruel  satyr 
shot  it  in  mere  wantonness.  By  the  lion's 
cub  he  means  Daphne,  who  died  in  her 
prime,  and  the  cruel  satyr  is  death.  He 
said  he  hated  everything — ^the  heaven,  the 
earth,  fire,  air,  and  sea,  ue  day,  the  night ; 
he  hated  to  speak,  to  hear,  to  taste  food,  to 
see  objects,  to  smell,  to  feel ;  he  hated 
man  and  woman  too,  for  his  Daphne  lived 
no  longer.  What  became  of  this  doleful 
shepherd  the  poet  could  never  ween. 
Alcyon  is  sir  Arthur  €k>iges. — Spenser, 
Daphaida  (in  seven  fyttes,  1590). 


And  there  b  that  Akfoo  bent  to  I 
Tboogb  St  to  frame  an  tterlaeting  ditif  , 

Wboae  gentle  inrite  for  Dnphne'a  death  doth  tnm 
tweothyoflofetoendieMpialntoofpHy. 
Spenser,  CoUn  douit  Otm*  aomt«A§mim  (UBl). 

Aloy^one  or  Haloyone  (4  syl,). 
daughter  oi  MtSiuB,  who,  on  heving  of 
her  husband's  death  by  shipwreck,  threw 
herself  into  the  sea,  and  was  changed  to  a 
kingfisher.    (See  Ualcton  Days.) 

Aldaballa,  wife  of  Orlando,  sister  of 


ALDABXLUL 


19 


ALDSia 


OK^rr,  aad  duiglitor  of  Monodan'tte. — 
Ariosto,  OHamdo  Furkao,  4tc  (1516). 

Aidiixrllaj  a  marchioneM  of  Florence, 
ray  beautiful  and  fasdnating,  bat  arro- 
faat  and  hwkrtleai.  She  aaed  to  five 
♦ntoftiinmcmta  to  the  waagnateie  of  Flo- 
mee,  and  Fazio  was  one  who  spent 
BOitof  his  time  in  her  society.  Bian'ca 
his  wife,  being  jealous  of  the  marchioness, 
sccased  him  to  the  duke  of  being  privy 
to  the  death  of  Bartoldo,  and  for  this 
ojfence  Fazio  was  executed.  Bianca  died 
broken-hearted,  and  Aldabella  was  con- 
demned to  spend  the  rest  of  her  life  in  a 
wumery. — Dean] 
1815). 


iMilman,  i^Suio  (a  tragedy, 


Alden  (•/oft»),  one  of  the  sons  of  the 
Pilgrim  fathos,  in  love  with  PrisciUa,  the 
\n  siitlfol  puritan.  Miles  Standish,  a  bluff 
•Id  soldier,  wishing  to  marnr  Priscilla, 
aiked  John  Aldeo  to  go  and  plead  for 
him;  bat  the  maiden  answered  archly, 
"Why  don't  yon  speak  for  yourself, 
Joha^  Soon  after  this,  Standish  being 
T«f»ortad  killed  by  a  poisoned  arrow,  John 
S|N»ke  tor  himseUT,  and  the  maiden  con- 
sented. Standish,  howerer,  was  not  killed, 
bat  only  wounded ;  he  made  his  reappear- 
aaee  at  the  wedding,  where,  seeing  how 
matters  stood,  he  accepted  the  situation 

vith  the  good-natured  remark : 
ttfMwaM  to  >«nd  jmm  mmmwett*  jomrmtt;  awl 


ekcrrlca  io  Keat  »(  the 


of 


Ctmn»%if  o/MUm  3r««rf<ti,  It. 

Aldiborontephoeoophomio  [Ai*- 
^Sk^-rmfU'Moor/or'nio],  a  chatacter  in 
CknmemkoiamikouffoSj  by  II.  Carey. 

(Sir  Walter  Scott  used  to  call  James  Bal- 
lantyna,  the  printer,  this  nickname,  from 
Us  pomposity  and  rormality  of  speech.) 

Al'diger,  son  of  BuoVo,  of  the  bouse 
sf  Cbmont,  brotiier  of  Habigi'gi  and 
Titian.— Arioflto,  OHamio  FwrioBo  (1516). 

Al'dine  (2  sy/.),  leader  of  the  second 
■qaadroa  of  Anbfc  which  jomed  the 
Ej;Tptian  armament  against  the  crusaders. 
Tssso  says  of  the  Arabs,  "  Their  accents 
were  female  and  their  stature  diminu- 
tire  "  (xTiL). — ^Tasso,  Jerusalem  Delivered 
(U76). 

Al'diii^;ar  (Sir),  steward  of  queen 
Eleanor,  wife  of  Henry  II.  lie  impeached 
the  queen's  fidelitr,  and  agreed  to  prove 
Uft  charge  hy  single  combat;  but  an 
•ogel  Hn  the  shape  of  a  little  child) 
wrsblisned  the  queen's  innocence.  This 
is  probably  a  blundering  version  of  the 


story    of    Gunhilda    and    tiie    eiipwct 
Henry. — Percy,  SeOques,  ii.  9. 

Aldo,  a  Caledonian,  was  not  invited  by 
Fingal  to  his  banquet  on  his  return  to 
Morven,  after  the  overthrow  of  Swaran* 
To  resent  this  affront,  he  went  over  to 
Fingal's  avowed  enemy,  Errsgon  king  of 
Sora  (in  Scandinavia),  and  here  Loma,  the 
king's  wife,  fell  in  love  with  him.  The 
fuiTty  pair  fled  to  Morven.  which  Enagon 
uumediatel^  invaded.  Aldo  fell  in  single 
combat  with  Enagon,  Loma  died  of 
grief,  and  Erragon  was  shun  in  battle  by 
Gaul,  son  of  Uonu.—08skm  (^*The  Battle 
of  Lora**). 

Aldrovand  (Father),  chaplain  of  sir 
Raymond  Berenger,  the  old  Norman 
warrior.— Sir  W.  Scott,  7%e  Beirothca 
(time,  Henr^'  II.). 

Aldriok  the  Jesuit,  confessor  of 
Charlotte  countess  of  Derby. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  PeverUcf  the  Peak  (time,  Charles 

Aldus,  father  of  Al'adine  (3  aylX  the 
'*  lusty  knighf — Spenser,  FaSry  Queerif 
vi.  3  (1696). 

Alea,  a  warrior  who  invented  dice  at 
the  siege  of  Tro^  :  at  least  so  Isidore  of 
Seville  says.  Suioas  ascribes  the  inven- 
tiea  to  PaiamSdds. 

Akaett  fantas  l»lmbi  Inveate  a  Omeb.  In  odo  Traill 
baffl,  a  qnodam  rnlUt*.  aomlne  A  Mi.  a  aim  at  an  DOBMa 
OHf.  KtUL  ST. 


Alector'i&,  a  stone  extracted  from  a 
capon.  It  is  said  to  render  the  wearer 
invisible,  to  allay  thirst,  to  antidote 
enchantment,  and  ensure  love. — Mirror  of 
SUme», 

Aleo'tryon,  a  ^outh  set  by  Mars  to 
guard  against  surpnses,  but  he  lell  asleep, 
and  Apollo  thiM  suiprised  Mars  and 
Yenus  m  each  others*  embrace.  Mars  in 
anger  changed  the  boy  into  a  cock. 

AnS  from  ooltha  iniSiiliwIag  iuatirari 
l4>ail  ttia  oockAJaetiyoii  crowed. 

LoagfiiUotr,  ^tyoMW  <«  P^mnA. 

Aleph.  the  vwm  de  plume  of  the  Rer. 
William  Purvey,  of  Belfast  (1803-       ). 

Ale'rla,  one  of  the  Amazons,  and  the 
best  beloved  of  the  ten  wives  of  Gnido  the 
Savage. — Ariosto,  Or/oncIo/Urioso  (1516). 

Alessio.  the  young  man  with  whom 
Lisa  was  Uving  in  concubinage,  when 
Elvi'no  promised  to  marn'  her.  Elvino 
made  the  promise  out  of  pique,  because 
he  thought  Ami'na  was  not  faithful  to 
him,  but  when  he  discovered  his  error  he 
returned  to  his  first  love,  and  left  Lisa  to 


ALETHES. 


20 


ALFADER. 


Alcflsio,  wHfa  whom  she  bad  be«n 
prevrously  cohabiting. — Bellini**  opera, 
La  SotuuuulnUa  (18;il). 

Ale'thes  (3  syl.)^  an  ambassador  from 
EffypC  to  king  Al'adine  (3  fy/.) ;  subtle, 
ijuse,  deceitfm,  and  full  of  wiles. — ^Taaao, 
JcnuaUm  Delivered  (1575). 

Alexander  the  Qreat,  a  traged j 
by  Nathaniel  Lee  (1678).  In  French  we 
hare  a  novel  called  Roman  tT Alexandre, 
by  Lambert-li-core  (twelfth  century),  and 
a  trsgedy  by  Radne  (1665). 

Tbb  VM  A  &nr«irite  part  with  T.  BettarUm  (lOS- 
inot.  Wm.  Mountfbrd  (l«0O-ia»f).  H.  Monk  Oem- 
17U);  C  Hnlet  (1701-1718).  and  SpfBOieer  Bmrrr  (\719- 
1777):  iMt  /.  W.  Crok«r  mn  that  J.  P.  KcMbla,  hi 
"HaaM.*  "CortolainM."  '^Alexander.'*  aad  "Oatot." 
McriM  an  hb  »■  aiiianL— Bowir» 


Alexander  an  Athlete,  Alexander, 
being  asked  if  he  would  run  a  course 
at  the  Olympic  games,  replied,  **  Yea,  if 
my  competitors  are  ail  kings.** 

The  Albanian  Alexander y  (George 
Castriot  {Scanderbeg  or  Jacander  beg. 
1404-14G7). 

The  Persian  Alexander,  Sandjar  (1117- 
1158). 

Alexander  of  the  North.  Charles  XII. 
of  Sweden  (1682-1718). 

Alexander  deformed, 

Ajbbbmi's  great  Mm  on«  ilKMildcr  had  too  high. 

Pope  Prolofm  f  tka  Brnttrm,  117. 

Alexander  and  Homer,  When  Alex- 
ander invaded  Asia  Minor,  he  offered  up 
sacrifice  to  Priam,  and  then  went  to  visit 
the  tomb  of  Achillas.  Here  he  exclaimed, 
*'  O  most  enviable  of  men,  who  had 
Homer  to  sing  thy  deeds !  ** 

Which  made  the  laattm  eooqoaror  to  cry. 
**0  fortiiiiata  jwmg  man  t  wboM  Thuw  romd 
to  brava  a  tiwnp  thjr  ooMa  deedi  to  wMnd." 

r.  Tk»  Buhu  ^f  Timt  (1801). 


Alexander  and  Parme'nio,  When 
Darius,  king  of  Persia,  offered  Alexander 
his  dauf^ter  Stati'ra  in  marriage,  with  a 
dowry  of  10,000  talents  of  gold,  Parmenio 
said,  **  I  would  accept  the  offer,  if  1  were 
Alexander.**  To  this  Alexander  rejoined, 
•*  So  would  I,  if  I  were  Parmenio.*^ 

On  another  occasion  the  general  thought 
the  king  somewhat  too  lavish  in  nis 
gifts,  whereupon  Alexander  made  answer, 
"  I  consider  not  what  Parmenio  ought  to 
receive,  but  what  Alexander  ougnt  to 
give.** 

Alexander  and  Perdiccas,  When  Alex- 
ander started  for  Asia  he  divided  his 
poMsessions  among  his  friends.  Perdiccas 
asked  what  he  nad  left  for  himself. 
"Hope,"  said  Alexander.  "If  hope  is 
enough    for    Alexander, "    replied    the 


friend,  "it  is  enough  for  Perdiocas  also  ;" 
and  declined  to  Accejpt  anything. 

Alexander  and  Raphael,  Alexander 
encountered  Raphael  in  a  cave  in  tiie 
moimtain  of  Kaf,  and  being  asked  what 
he  was  in  search  of,  replied,  "  The  water  of 
immortality.**  Whereupon  Raphael  gave 
him  a  stone,  and  told  him  when  he  found 
another  of   the  same  weight  he   would 

Sin  his  wish.  "  And  how  long,**  said 
exander,  "  have  I  to  live  ?  **  The  angel 
replied,  "  Till  the  heaven  above  thee  and 
the  earth  beneath  thee  are  of  iron.**  Alex  ■ 
ander  now  went  forth  and  found  a  stone 
almost  of  the  weight  required,  and  in  order 
to  complete  the  balance,  added  a  little 
earth  ;  falling  from  his  horse  at  Ghur  he 
was  laid  in  his  armour  on  the  gronnd,  and 
his  shield  was  set  up  over  him  to  warid  off 
the  sun.  Then  imderstood  he  that  he 
would  gain  immortality  when,  like  the 
stone,  he  was  buried  in  the  earth,  Mid  that 
hit  hour  was  come,  for  the  earth  beneath 
him  was  iron,  and  his  iron  buckler  was 
his  vault  of  htntven  above.    So  he  died. 

Alexander  and  the  Robber,  When 
Dionldes,  a  pirate,  was  brought  before 
Alexander,  he  exclaimed,  "Vile  brigand ! 
how  dare  you  infest  the  seas  with  your 
misdeeds  ?  **  "  And  you,**  replied  the 
pirate,  "  bv  what  right  do  you  ravage  the 
world?  Because  I  have  only  one  ship, 
I  am  odled  a  brigand,  but  you  who  have 
a  whole  fleet  are  termed  a  conqueror.** 
Alexander  admired  the  inan*s  boldness, 
and  commanded  him  to  be  set  at  liberty. 

Alexander's  Beards  a  smooth  diin.  or 
a  very  small  beard.  It  is  said  that  Alex- 
ander the  Great  had  scarcely  any  beard 
at  all. 


DtagraoM  reC  with  AleamAm'*  1 

G.  GawMilgna,  Tk«  8UtU  Wa»  (dkd  1S77). 

Alexander's  Runner,  Ladas. 

Alexan'dra,  daughter  of  Oronthea, 
queen  of  the  Am'azons,  and  one  of  the 
ten  wives  of  Elba'nio.  It  is  from  this 
person  that  the  laaid  of  the  Amazons  was 
called  Alexandra. — ^Ariosto,  Orktndo  /U- 
rioso  (1516). 

Alexan'drite  (4  syl,),  a  species  of 
beryl  found  in  Siberia.  It  shows  tha 
Russian  colours  (green  and  red),  and  is 
named  from  the  emperor  Alexander  of 
Russia. 

Alex'is,  the  wanton  shepherd  in  Tks 
Faithful  Shepherdess,  a  pastoral  drama  by 
John  Fletcher  (1610). 

Alfei'der,  the  father  of  all  the  Asen 
(deities)    of    Scandinavia,    creator    and 


ALFONSO. 


tl 


AUGDL 


COWBorof  the  murene,  patron  of  arts 
■nd  magic,  etc 

A1flrmttf\^  father  of  Leono'ia  d^Rste, 
and  dnke  of  Ferrara.  Taaso  the  poet  fell 
in  lore  with  Leonora.  The  duke  confined 
him  m  a  Imatic  for  teven  years  in  the 
Myiam  of  Santa  Anna,  but  at  the  expira- 
tion of  that  period  he  was  released  through 
the  inteioeaaioa  of  Yincenzo  Cionzago, 
dake  of  llantna.  Bynm  ref era  to  thia  in 
hb  OMe  Barold,  iv.  d6. 

Alffmto  XT.  of  Castfle,  whose  "favour- 
ite"  waa  Leonora  de  Guznum. — Donizetti, 
La  Faxnrita  (an  opera,  1842). 

Alfom'm  (Don),  of  Seville,  a  man  of  60 
sod  Busband  of  donna  Julia  (twenty-seven 
T«an  his  junior),  of  whom  he  was  jealous 
without  eaose. — ^Byron,  Don  Jtum,  u 

Jdfm'w,  in  Wa]pole*8  tale  caUed  The 
Gttue  of  Otranto,  appears  as  an  appari- 
tion ia  the  moonli^t,  dilated  to  a  gigantic 
fionn  (17€9). 

Alflned  ms  a  Qleemaa.  Alfred, 
visUng  to  know  the  stren^  of-  the 
Dsaish  camp,  assumed  the  disguise  of  a 
BMBstrel,  and  stayed  in  the  Danish  camp 
for  sereral  daya,  amu8in|^  tiie  soldiers 
with  his  harming  and  singing.  After  he 
luid  made  himMlf  master  <^  all  he  re- 
qaired,  he  returned  back  to  his  own  pUce. 
^WUliam  of  Malmesbnry  (twelfth  cen- 


wufiam 


of  Malmesbuiy  teUs  a  similar 
•toty  of  Anlaf,  a  Danish  king,  who,  he 
aayt,  just  before  the  battle  of  Bmnan- 
bwh,  in  Northumberland,  entered  the 
caap  of  king  Athelstan  as  a  gleeman, 
harp  m  hand ;  and  so  pleased  was  the 
Eofftiah  king  that  he  gave  him  gold. 
Anlaf  would  not  keep  tiie  gold,  but  buried 
it  ia  tbe  earth. 

AJgaraifb  (8  <9ff.)  and  Cam'ballo,  sons 
«f  uunboscaa'  king  of  Tartary,  and 
Elftta    hia     wife.      Aigarsife    married 


•f  AImrM^ 
hMMlontolib' 

Al'gehar'C'tMeaiant'').    SotheAm- 
~~~  csU  the  consteUation  Orion. 

Btoiht  vttb  anr 
SkMi  Ike  9««  glut 
OrtMi.  bnter  oTtbe  1 


i^Orlm. 

AH,  cousin  and  son-in-law  of  Ma- 
homet. The  beauty  of  his  eyes  is  pro- 
verbial in  Persia.  Ayn  Halt  ("eyes  of 
Ah")  is  the  highest  compfiment  a  Persian 
CM  pay  to  beauty. — Cbarain. 


All  Baba^  a  poor  Persian  wood- 
carrier,  who  accidentally  learns  the  magic 
words,  '*  Open  Sesame  1*^  "ShutSeaamd!" 
by  which  ne  gain*  entrance  into  a  vast 
cavern,  the  repository  of  stolen  wealth 
and  the  lair  of  tottv  thieves.  He  makea 
himself  rich  by  pttind«ring  from  Uiese 
stores ;  and  by  uie  shrewd  cunning  of 
Morgiana,  his  female  slave,  the  ca^ain 
and  his  whole  band  of  thieves  are  extir- 
pated. In  reward  of  these  services,  AH 
Baba  gives  Morgana  her  freedom,  and 
marries  her  to  nis  own  son. — Arabian 
Nights  ("  AU  Baba  or  the  Forty  Thieves'*). 

A^^^"'^  "Tou  have  as  many  aliasea 
as  Robin  of  Bagshot.*"  (See  KoBiir  of 
Baoshot.) 

Al'ioe  (2  sy/.),  sister  of  Valentine,  m 
Mona.  ThomaSy  a  comedy  by  Beaumont 
and  Fletcher  (1619). 

APioe  (2  8f/i,\  foster-sister  of  Robert  le 
Diable,  and  bnde  of  Rambaldo,  the  Nor- 
man troubadour,  in  Meyerbeer's  opera  of 
Roberto  U  Diatolo,  She  comes  to  Palermo 
to  place  in  the  duke's  hand  his  mother's 
'*  will,"  which  he  is  enjoined  not  to  read 
till  he  is  a  virtuous  man.  She  is  Robert's 
good  genius,  and  when  Bertram,  the 
Hend,  daims  his  soul  as  the  price  of  his 
fll  deedsj  Alice,  by  reading  tne  will,  re- 
claims him. 

APice  (2  9yl,)y  the  servant-girl  of  dame 
Whitecn^  wife  of  the  innkeeper  at  Al- 
tringham.— Sir  W.  Scott,  PeverU  of  the 
Peak  (time,  Charles  IL). 

APicet  the  miller's  daughter,  a  story  of 
happy  first  love  told  in  later  vears  by 
an  old  man  who  had  married  die  rustic 
beauty.  He  was  a  dreamy  lad  when  he 
first  loved  Alice,  and  the  passion  roused 
him  into  manhood.  (See  Rosk.) — Tennv- 
son,  The  MUler't  Daughter, 

APiee  (The  Lady),  widow  of  Walter 
knight  of  Avenel  (2  sy/.}.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
The  Monastery  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Arice  [GBAT],caUed  "Old  Alice  Gray,** 
a  quondun  tenant  of  the  lord  of  Ravens- 
wood.  Lucy  Ashton  visite  her  after  the 
funeral  of  tiie  old  loid.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Bride  of  Latnmermoor  (time,  William 
IlL). 

Alichi'no,  a  devil  in  Dante's  Inferno, 

Alicia  gave  her  heart  to  Mosby,  but 
married  Araen  for  his  position.  As  a 
wife,  she  {dayed  falaelv  with  her  hus- 
band, and  even  joined  Moelnr  in  a  plot  to 
murder  him.     Vacillating  between  lova 


AUCIJL 


ALKBK. 


for  Mosby  and  respect  for  Arden,  the 
repents,  and  goes  on  sinning ;  wishes  to 
get  disentangled,  bnt  is  orennastered  by 
M osby's  stronger  wilL  Alicia's  passions 
imped  her  to  evil,  but  her  judgment  ac- 
cuses her  and  nrompts  her  to  the  ri|^t 
course.  She  halts,  and  parleys  with  sin, 
like  Balaam,  and  of  course  is  lost. — Anon., 
Ardcn  of  Frvershctm  (1692). 

Alu/ia,  **a  laughing,  toying,  wheed- 
ling, whimpering  she,"  who  once  held 
lora  Hastings  under  her  distaff,  but  her 
annoying  jealousy,  "vexatious  oays,  and 
jarring,  joyless  mights,"  drove  him  away 
from  her.  Being  jealous  of  Jane  Shore, 
she  accused  her  to  the  duke  of  Gloster  of 
alluring  lord  Hastings  from  his  alliance, 
and  the  lord  protector  soon  trumpet  up  a 
charge  against  both ;  the  lord  chamberlain 
he  ordered  to  execution  for  treason,  and 
Jane  Shore  he  persecuted  for  witchcraft. 
Alicia  goes  raving  mad. — ^Rowe,  Jane 
Shore  (1718). 

Tb«  king  of  Denmark  want  to  ne  tin.  Bdbonj  pfaiy 
"  Allcln,"UMl  fcD  into  »  wmnd  deep.  Tbe  »ngi7  maj  had 
to  anr.  "O  thou  fate  kml  I*  and  ibe  drew  nmr  to  Uw 
rinmbrrli^  monarch,  and  fhontrd  the  word*  into  Um 
rojral  bos.  The  king  itartod.  nibbed  hla  tfm,  and  re- 
marked Uiat  he  weald  not  have  Mich  a  woman  for  hh 
wUb.  thovfh  dt%  had  no  end  of  kingdomi  for  a  dowqr.— 
ComlktU  Magadm  (1MB). 

Alkfia  {The  iady),  daughter  of  lord 
Waldemar  Fitzarsc.— -Sir  W.  Scott,  Ivan- 
hoe  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Aliok  [Polworth],  one  of  the  ser- 
vants of  Wavcrley.  —  Sir  W.  Scott, 
Waverley  (time,  George  II.). 

Aliftui'lhron,  emperor  of  the  island 
Trap'oban,  a  Midiometan,  the  suitor  of 
Pentap'olin*s  daughter,  a  Christian.  Pen- 
tapolln  refused  to  sanction  this  alliance, 
and  the  emperor  raised  a  vast  army  to 
enforce  his  suit.  This  is  don  Quixote*s 
solution  of  two  flocks  of  sheep  coming  in 
opposite  direcUona,  which  he  told  Saneho 
were  the  armies  of  Alifanfaron  and  Poi- 
tapolin. — Cervantes,  Don  Quixote^  I.  Hi.  4 
(1605). 

Ajax  the  Greater  had  a  similar  encoun- 
ter.   (See  AjAX.) 

Alin'cUu  daughter  of  Alphonso,  aa 
irascible  old  lord  of  Sego'via. — Beaumont 
and  Fletcher,  The  Pilynm  (1621). 

{Aiinda  is  the  name  assumed  bv  young 
Arcbas  when  he  dresses  in  woman  s  attire. 
This  youncr  man  is  the  son  of  general 
Arclias,  '*  ^e  lo^al  subject"  of  the  great 
duke  of  Moscovia,  in  a  drama  bv  "BetM' 
roont  and  Fletcher,  called  The  Loyal  £bi6- 
;W,  U18.) 


Aliprando,  a  Christian  knight,  who 
discovered  the  armour  of  Rinsldo,  and 
took  it  to  Godfrey.  Both  inferred  that 
Rinaldo  had  been  slain,  but  were  mis- 
taken.— Tasso,  Jentsalem  Delivered  (1575), 

Al'iris,  sultan  of  Lower  Buchar^a, 
who,  under  the  assumed  name  of  Fer'- 
amorz,  accompanies  Lalla  Rookh  from 
Delhi,  on  her  way  to  be  married  to  the 
sultan.  He  wins  her  love,  and  amuses 
the  tedium  of  the  journey  by  telling  her 
tales.  When  introduced  to  the  sultan, 
her  joy  is  unbounded  on  discovering  that 
Fcramorz  the  poet,  who  has  won  her 
heart,  is  the  sultan  to  whom  she  is  be- 
trothed.—T.  Moore,  Lalla  Hookh. 

Alisaunder  (Sir),  snmamed  Lob- 
FELIX,  son  of  the  good  prince  Boudwine 
and  his  wife  An 'glides  (3  syl,).  Sir 
Mark,  king  of  Cornwall,  muMored  sir 
Boudwine,  who  was  his  brother,  while 
Alisaunder  was  a  mere  child.  WHien 
Alisaunder  was  knighted,  his  m(^er  gave 
him  his  father's  doublet^  **  bebled  with  old 
blood,"  and  charged  him  to  revenge  hia 
father's  death.  Alisaunder  marriod  Alia 
la  Beale  Pilgrim,  and  had  one  son  called 
Bellen'gerus  le  Beuse.  Instead  of  ful- 
filling his  mother's  chai^  he  was  him- 
self "falsely  and  feloniously  slain"  by 
king  Mark. — Sir  T.  Malory,  Hitiory  of 
King  Arthur,  ii.  119-126  (1470). 

Al'ison^  the  young  wife  of  John,  a 
rich  old  miserly  carpenter.  Absolon,  a 
priggish  parish  clerk,  paid  her  attention, 
but  ^e  herself  loved  a  poor  scholar  named 
Nicholas,  lodging  in  her  husband's  house. 
Fair  she  was,  and  her  body  lithe  as  a 
weasel.  She  had  a  roguish  eve,  small 
eyebrows,  was  "  long  as  a  mast  and  up- 
right as  a  bolt,"  more  "  pleasant  to  look 
on  than  a  flowering  pear  tree,"  and  her 
skin  **wa8  softer  tnan  the  wool  of  a 
wether."— Chaucer,  "The  MUler's  Tale- 
{Canter^wry  Take,  1888). 

Arisotij  in  sir  W.  Scott's  KenHworth,  is 
an  old  domestic  in  the  service  of  the  eari 
of  Leicester  at  Cumnor  Place. 

Al  Kadr  (The  Night  of).    The  97th 

chapter  of  the  Koran  is  so  entitled.    It 

was  the  ni^t  on  which  Mahomet  received 

from  Gabnd  his  first  revelation,  and  was 

probably  tbe  24th  of  Ramadan. 

Verflr  we  ant  down  tbe  KorAn  la  Um  night  of  Al  Kalr. 
—Al  KorAn,  xcrlL 

Allcen,  an  old  shepherd,  who  instmcti 
Robin  Hood's  bmb  how  to  find  a  witd^ 


ALKORBMHI. 


28 


ALL-FAIR. 


mi  Imv  ihe  is  to  be  hunted. — Ben  Jon- 
MB,  TV  ^bd  Sk^ikerd  (1687). 

AlkoromxnL  the  udace  built  by  the 
MotuMm  on  the  hiU  of  "  Pied  Hones.** 
His  nn  Yathek  added  fire  wings  to  it, 
one  for  the  gntification  of  each  of  the 
firesmset. 

L  Thb  ETBR^fAi.  Banquet,  m  which 
were  table*  covered  both  night  and  day 
with  the  moet  tempting  foods. 

II.  Thk  Xrctar  of  thk  Soul,  filled 
wtA  the  best  of  poets  and  musicians. 

III.  Thb  Dblioht  ov  thk  Etks,  fiUed 
with  the  most  enchanting  ol^ects  the  eye 
could  look  on. 

IT.  Thk  Pauice  op  Pkrfumbs,  which 
vas  always  pervaded  with  the  sweetest 
odvun. 

Y.  Thk  RmiKAT  of  Jot,  filled  with 
Hm  loveliest  and  most  seductive  honris. — 
W.  Beckford,  VatAek  (1784). 

AlPk  Wen  that  Ends  Well,  a 
comedy  by  Shakespeare  (1598).  The 
Wn  mid  hennne  are  Bertram  count  of 
Roasilloii,  and  Herena  a  phvsician*s 
daagfater,  who  are  married  by  the  com- 
■snd  of  the  king  of  France,  but  part 
^ecaoae  Baitram  thought  the  lady  not 
mficicBily  well-bom  for  him.  Ulti- 
■aiely,  however,  all  ends  well.  (See 
Hblbka.) 

The  stoiy  of  this  play  is  from  Painter's 
GiUtta  of  Ifarbon. 

AH  the  Talents  Admraistration, 
fecwd  by  Imd  GreviUe,  in  1806,  on  the 
<iciUi  of  William  Pitt.  The  members 
vac  lord  GreviUe,  the  earl  Fitzwilliam, 
nscount  Sidmouth,  Charles  James  Fox. 
enl  Spencer,  William  Windham,  lord 
Ezskine,  sir  Charles  Grey^  lord  If  into, 
Wd  Auckland,  lord  Moira,  Sheridan, 
Richani  Fitcpatrick,  and  lord  EUen- 
boron^    It  was  dissolved  in  1807. 


^H*^;  lord  of  Ravoiswood,  a  decayed 
Seotefa   nobleman.— Sir  W.    Scott,    The 


Bndt 
XXL). 


(time,   William 


AFUm  (Mrs,)t  cokynel  Mannering's 
b«nekeeper  at  Woodbume.— Sir  w. 
Scstt,  6F19  Mofmermo  (time,  (jeoige  11.). 

Afimm  [Bbkck   Cambkox],   the  ser- 

EMt    sent    to    arrest    Hamish     Bean 
Tari^  bv  whoc  he  is  shot.— Sir  W. 
Smtt,  Tke  Mighioftd  Widow  (time,  (}eofge 

•fBeWaBood's 


men,  introduced    by  sir   W.   Scott  is 
Jvankoe,    (See  Allik-a-Dalk.) 

Allegory  for  Allisator,  a  maU- 
propism. 

OHli  HkaaMnotM  nalwiijrM  «fa«  baaki  oftbe 

Mila. 

Sbcrldn,  nu  RiMti,  BL  t  (ITTQi 

Alle'gre  (8  «y/.),  the  faithful  servant 
of  Philip  Chabot.  When  Chabot  was 
accused  of  treason,  Allegre  was  put  to  the 
rack  to  make  him  confess  something  to 
his  master's  damage,  but  the  brave  fellow 
was  true  as  steel,  and  it  was  afterwards 
riiown  that  the  accusation  had  no  foun- 
dation but  jealousy. — G.  Chapman  and 
J.  Shirley,  the  Trogedy  of  PhOip  Chabot. 

Allelu'Jah,  wood-sorrel,  so  called  by 
a  corruption  of  its  name,  Juiiota,  where- 
by it  is  known  in  the  south  of  Italy. 
Its  oflScial  name,  LuznUoy  b  another  shade 
of  the  same  word. 

Allemayne  (2  tyL\  (Germany,  from 
the  French  Atietnagne,  Also  written 
Allbmain. 


nnrfUthftd 

O  toralkat  BMOdcn  of  Alle'imiTM. 

r—miwii.  nit ' 


Allen  (Jiaiph),  the  friend  of  Pope, 
and  benefactor  of  Fielding. 

Lei  Irambie  AII«m.  vitb  am  awkvard  aluuiM^ 
Do  good  b)r  MMllfa.  and  bkiii  to  And  R  fuiM. 

Pop*. 

Alien  (Long),  a  soldier  in  the  "guards  " 
of  king  Richard  I.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Talieman, 

Allen  {Major) J  an  officer  in  the  duke  of 
Monmonth*s  *niiy. — Sir  W,  Scott,  Old 
Mortality  (time,  Oiarles  II.). 

Alley  (7%tf),  ue.  the  Stock  Ex- 
change Alley  (London). 

John  Khw,  altar  aianf  activ*  veaia  hi  tfaa  ADv,  lUli'iad 
to  the  ConUiMnt ;  and  died  at  tke  ace  of  11&— OM  mmd 


All-Fair,  a  princess,  who  was  saved 
from  the  two  lions  (which  guarded  the 
Desert  Fairv)  by  the  Yellow  Dwarf,  on 
condition  tnat  she  would  become  his 
wife.  On  her  return  home  she  hoped  to 
evade  this  promise  bpr  marrying  the  brave 
king  of  the  Gold  Mines,  but  on  the  wed- 
ding day  Yellow  Dwarf  carried  her 
off  on  a  Spanish  cat,  and  confined  her  in 
Steel  Castle.  Here  Gold  Mine  came  to 
her  rescue  with  a  magic  sword,  but  in  his 
joy  at  finding  her,  he  dropped  his  sword, 
and  was  stabbed  to  the  heart  with  it 
by  Yellow  Dwarf.  All-Fair,  faUing  on 
the  body  of  her  lover,  died  of  a  broken 


ALLIN-A-DALE. 


U 


ALMETDA. 


kMit.  Th«  syren  duuigod  the  dead 
lovers  into  two  palm  trees.— Comtesse 
D' Annoy,  Fairy  TaUt  ("The  Yellow 
Dwarf/ 1682). 

AUin-a-Dale  or  Allen-a-Dale,  of 

NoUinffhamshire,  was  to  be  married  to  a 
lady  who  returned  his  love,  but  her 
parents  eompelled  her  to  foreffo  young 
AlHn  for  an  old  knight  of  wealth.  Aliin 
told  his  tale  to  Robin  Hood,  and  the  bold 
forester,  in  the  disguise  of  a  harper,  went 
to  the  church  where  the  wedding  cere- 
monr  was  to  take  place.  When  the 
wedding  party  ste|)ped  in,  Robin  Hood 
exclaimed,  "This  is  no  fit  match;  the 
bride  shall  be  married  only  to  the  man  of 
her  choice."  Then  sounding  his  horn 
Allin-a-Dale  with  four  and  twenty  how- 
men  entered  the  church.  The  bishop 
refused  to  marry  the  woman  to  Allin  till 
the  banns  had  been  asked  three  times, 
whereupon  Robin  pulled  off  the  bishop's 
gown,  and  invested  Little  John  in  it,  woo 
asked  the  banns  seven  times,  and  per- 
formed the  ceremony. — Bobin  Hood  and 
AUm-a-DaU  (a  ballad). 

Allnut  (J^o//)t  landlord  of  the  Swan, 
Lambythe  Ferry  (1625). 

Ora(X  Altnut,  his  wife. 

Olwer  AUrmt.  the  landlord's  son. — 
Sterling,  John  FelUm  (1852). 

All'V^orth  (Lady)^  stepmother  to 
Tom  Allworth.  Sir  Giles  Overreach 
thought  she  would  marry  his  nephew 
Wellborn,  but  she  married  lord  Lovel. 

Tom  Ailworthj  stepson  of  Udy  All- 
worth,  in  love  with  Margaret  Overreach, 
whom  he  marries. — Massinger,  A  New 
Way  to  pay  Old  Debts  (1625). 

TiM  flnC  anpeutuMS  of  ThamM  King  «u  **  AOvDrth.* 
the IMhOctobcr,  17  ~     ~     ' 


on 


174a— DoMlea. 


All'worthy,  in  Fielding's  Tom 
Jones,  a  roan  of  sturdy  rectitude,  laige 
charity,  infinite  modesty,  independent 
spirit,  and  untiring  philanthropy,  with 
an  utter  disregard  of  money  or  fame. 
Fielding's  friend,  Ralph  Allen,  was  the 
academy  figure  of  this  character. 

Alma  (the  hmnan  son/),  queen  of 
"  Body  Castle,"  which  for  seven  years 
was  beset  by  a  rabble  rout.  Spenser 
says,  "The  divine  part  of  man  is 
dtcmlaTj  and  the  mortal  part  triangular" 
Arthur  and  sir  Guyon  were  conducted  by 
Alma  over  "Body  Castle." — Spenser, 
Faery  Qtmn,  u.  9  (1590). 

AHtn^n,  Germany,  in  French  AUe" 
magne. 


Alxnansor  C*the  motnotVe**),  a  tM* 
assumed  by  several  Mussulman  princes,  as 
by  the  second  caliph  of  the  Abbassido 
dynasty,  named  Abou  Giafar  Abdallah, 
(the  inmnc'tblcy  or  al  mansor).  Also  by  the 
fttmous  captain  of  the  Moors  in  Spain, 
named  Monammed.  In  Africa,  Tacoub- 
al-Modjahed  was  entitled  "  a/  mansor ,**  a 
royal  name  of  dignity  given^to  the  kings 
of  Fes,  Morocco,  and  JUgiers. 

Tha  kJMdonw  of  Aliiuuiaor,  P«t,  and  Bm, 
MMOCooand  Alcian. 

MUtoB.  ParodtM  tmt,  xL  40S  (160). 

Alxnanzor,  the  caliph,  wishing  to 
found  a  city  in  a  certain  spot,  was  tola  by 
a  hermit  named  Bagdad  that  a  man 
called  Moclas  was  destined  to  be  its 
founder.  "  I  am  that  man,"  said  the 
caliph,  and  he  then  told  the  hermit  how  in 
his  Doyhood  he  once  stole  a  bracelet  and 
pawned  it,  whereupon  his  nurse  ever  after 
called  him  "  Moclas  "  {thief),  Almamtor 
founded  the  city,  and  called  it  Bagdad, 
the  name  of  the  hermit. — Marigny. 

Alman'zorAn  Dryden's  tragedy  of  7%# 
Conquest  of  Urana'da, 

Alman'zor,  lackey  of  Madelon  and  her 
cousin  Cathos,  the  affected  fine  ladies  in 
Molibre's  comedy  of  Les  Fr^oieuaes 
Midicules  (1659). 

* 

AlmaviVa  (Count  and  countess). 
The  count  is  a  libertine  ;  the  countess  is 
his  wife.— T.  Holcroft,  The  Follies  of  a 
Day  (1745-1809). 

Alme'ria,  daughter  of  Manuel  king 
of  Grena'da.  While  captive  of  Valentia. 
prince  Alphonso  fell  in  love  with  her,  and 
being  compelled  to  flight,  married  her; 
but  on  the  very  day  of  espousal  the  ship 
in  which  they  were  sailing  was  wrecked, 
and  each  thought  the  other  had  perished. 
Both,  however,  were  saved,  and  met 
unexpectedly  on  the  coast  of  Gra- 
nada, to  which  Alphonso  was  brought 
as  a  captive.  Here  Alphonso,  under  the 
assumed  name  of  Osmyn,  was  imprisoned, 
but  made  his  escape,  and  at  tne  hoad 
of  an  army  invaded  Granada,  found 
Manuel  dead,  and  "  the  mournful  bride  " 
became  converted  into  the  joyful  wife.— 
W.  Congreve,  Tfte  Mourning  Bride  (1697). 

Alxaes'btiry  (8  syL),  It  was  in  a 
sanctuary  of  AJmesoury  that  queen 
Guenever  took  refuge,  after  her  adul- 
terous passion  for  sir  Lancelot  was  made 
known  to  the  king.  Here  she  died,  but 
her  body  was  buried  at  Glastonbury. 

Almey'da^  the  Poitagiwse  gofwiat 


ALHIRODS. 


ALP. 


9i  India.  In  kk  engagement  with  the 
vnited  fleets  of  Oemmrm  and  Egypt,  he 
kid  hk  l^gs  and  thighs  shattered  by  chain- 
thoC,  hot  instead  of  retreating  to  the 
bat^  he  had  himself  bound  to  the  ship- 
ma^  where  he  *' waved  his  sword  to 
dieer  on  the  combatants,*^  till  he  died 
from  loes  of  blood. 

Similar  stories  are  told  of  admiral 
Boibow,  Cyna^eros  brother  of  the  poet 
<£sdiyloe.  Jaarer  who  carried  the  sacred 
banner  of  *'the  prophet**  in  the  battle 
«f  M tita,  and  of  some  others. 

riiimtafB, 
•ivbariMi 


s.(UIM). 


Almlrods  (TV),  a  rdbellioas  people, 
who  refused  to  submit  to  prince  Pan- 
tag'iael  after  his  sul^ugation  of  Anar- 
dias  ku^  of  the  Dipsodes  (2  syl.).  It 
was  whfle  Fantagmel  was  marching 
against  these  rebeb  that  a  tremendous 
nower  of  lain  fell,  and  the  prince,  putting 
oat  his  tongue  "  half-way,"  sheltered  his 
whole  army. — Rabelais,  Pcmtagmelf  iL  82 
(153a). 

AllLas'ohar,  the  dreamer,  the  «  bar- 
ber's fifth  brother."  He  invested  aU  his 
■MMy  in  a  basket  of  glassware,  on  which 
he  was  to  gain  so  much,  and  thai  to  in- 
Teit  again  and  again,  till  he  grew  so  rich 
that  he  would  marry  the  Tiziers  daughter 
and  live  in  grandeur ;  but  being  angiy 
with  his  supposed  wife,  he  gare  a  kick 
with  hb  foot  and  smashed  all  the  ware 
wkicb  had  given  birth  to  his  dream  of 
imbk.^The  Arabian  NighU  Entertam- 


£chep'ron*s  fable  of  The  Shoemaker  and 
s  Ai'soa  0/  MUk,  in  Rabekis:  The 
MUheaid  aiH  her  PaU  of  Milk,  Dodsley  ; 
■ad  PerrttU  H  le  Poi  au  Lait,  by  La 
FoBtaiae,  are  similar  fables.  La  ron- 
tsiae's  Cable  is  a  poetical  version  of  one 
ef  ^sop's. 

The  AlMa9ekar  of  Modem  Literatnre, 
8.  T.  Coleridge,  so  called  because  he  was 
eoBstaatly  planning  magnificent  literary 
caterprises  which  he  never  carried  out 
(1772-1854). 

Alnee'ina  or  Alneomaclit»  ancient 
isaw  of  Connanghi. 

fa  AliKw  «■■  the  warrior  honcmtd,  the  fint  of  tti* 
of  Bolp  [tiU  M0l0m  4f  Smah  Irtltmdl—Otdam 


Aloa'din  (4  syl,),  a  sorcerer,  who  made 
for  '"irt^^  a  palace  and  garden  in  Arabia 
called  "The  Earthly  Panulisa."  ThataU 


slew  him  with  a  dub,  and  the  pcene  of  en- 
chantment disappeared. — Southey,  TAo- 
laba  the  Deetroyer,  viL  (1797). 

A.  K  O.  E.  (that  is,  A  Ii[ady]  0[f] 
E[ngland]),  Miss  Charlotte  Tucker,  from 
1854. 

Alon'so,  king  of  Naples,  father  of 
Ferdinand  and  brother  of  Sebastian,  in 
The  Tempest,  by  Shakespeare  (1609). 

Alonao  the  ^fraoe,  the  name  of  a  ballad 
by  M.  G.  Lewis.  The  fair  Imogine  was 
betrothed  to  Alonso,  but  during  his  ab- 
sence in  the  wars  became  the  bride  of 
another.  At  the  wedding-feast  Alonxo's 
ghost  sat  beside  the  bride,  and,  after  re- 
buking her  for  her  infidelity,  carried  her 
off  to  the  grave. 

Alonao  the  br»re  wu  th«  bmim  of  the  knight; 
The  m&ld  was  the  fUr  Imogloe. 

M.  O.  Uwls. 

Alcn'zo,  a  Portuguese  gentleman,  the 
sworn  enemy  of  the  vainglorious  Dusjte 
(8  «y/.),  in  the  drama  caUed  The  Custom 
of  the  Country,  by  Beaumont  and  Flet- 
cher (1647). 

Atonzo,  the  husband  of  Cora.  He  is  a 
brave  Peruvian  knight,  the  friend  of  Rolla, 
and  beloved  by  king  AtaHlMu  Alonso, 
being  taken  prisoner  of  war,  is  set  at 
liberty  by  Rolla,  who  changes  clothes 
with  him.  At  the  end  he  fights  with 
Pizarro  and  kills  him. — Sheridan,  Pizarro 
(altered  from  Kotzebue). 

Alonzo  {Den),  "the  conqueror  of  Afric,** 
friend  of  don  Carlos,  and  husband  of 
Leonora.  Don  Carlos  had  been  betrothed 
to  Leonora,  but  out  of  friendship  resigned 
her  to  the  conqueror.  Zanga,  the  Moor, 
out  of  revenge,  persuaded  Alonzo  that  his 
wife  and  don  (Jarlos  still  entertained  for 
each  other  their  former  love^  and  out  of 
jealousy  Alonzo  has  his  fnend  put  to 
death,  while  Leonora  makes  away  with 
herself.  Zanga  now  informs  Alonzo  that 
his  jealousy  was  groundless,  and  mad  with 
grief  he  kuls  himself. — £dw.  Toung,  The 
Revenge  (1721). 

Alonso  FemandeB  de  Avellcu 
neda,  author  of  a  spurious  Don  Quixote, 
who  makes  a  third  sall^.  This  was  pub- 
lished during  the  lifetime  of  (Cervantes, 
and  caused  him  great  annoyance. 

Alp,  a  Venetian  renegade,  who  wss 
commander  of  the  Turkish  army  in  the 
siege  of  Corinth.  He  loved  Francesca, 
daughter  of  old  Minotti,  governor  of 
Connth,  but  she  refused  to  marry  a  rene- 
gade and  apostate.    Alp  was  shot  in  the 


ALPH. 


26 


ALTAMONT. 


siege,  and  Franceecs  died  of  a  broken 
heart. — Byron,  Siege  of  Corinth, 

Alph,  a  river  in  Xanadu,  mentioned 
bj  Coleridge  in  his  Knhla  Khan.  The 
name  is  an  invention  of  Coleridge's : 

lo  Xsnada  did  Kabia  Khan 

A  lUtaly  pl«uar»Hlone  deeree, 
Where  Alph,  the  lacred  rlrer,  ran, 
Thro'  caveraa  measureleM  to  man, 
Down  to  a  sanloM  tea. — KnUa  JOum, 

Alphe'us  (3  8yL)f  a  magician  and 
prophet  in  the  *nnv  of  Charlemagne, 
slain  in  sleep  by  Clorida'no. — ^Ariosto, 
Orlando  Furioeo  (1516). 

AlpMus  (8  sjr/.),  of  classic  story,  being 
passionately  in  love  with  Arethu^  pur- 
sued her,  but  she  fled  from  him  m  a 
fright,  and  was  dianged  by  Diana  into 
a  fountain,  which  bears  her  name. 

Alphon'so,  an  irascible  old  lord  in 
The  PUgrioiy  a  comedy  by  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher  (1621). 

Alphon'so  king  of  Naples,  deposed  by 
his  brother  Frederick.  Sora'no  tried  to 
poison  him,  but  did  not  succeed.  Ulti- 
mately ho  recovered  his  crown,  and  Fred- 
erick and  Sorano  were  sent  to  a  monastery 
for  the  rest  of  their  lives. — Beaumont 
and  Fletcher,  A  Wife  for  a  Month  (1624). 

AlphoneOf  son  of  count  Pedro  of  Canta- 
bria,  afterwards  kin^  of  Spain.  He  was 
plighted  to  Hermesind,  daughter  of  lord 
Pelayo. 

The  jrotmg  AlpbonM  wai  in  trath  an  heir 

or  natme^  iafffoet  patrimonx ;  rich 

In  form  and  feature,  growing  strength  of  Umb^ 

A  goutle  heart,  a  kmI  affectionate. 

A  Jorona  Bplrkt,  filled  with  ■enerooi  Uioufhlii, 

And  fBnhM  heightening  and  ennobUng  all. 

Souther,  Kodrrick,  ele.,  rlU.  (1814). 

Alpleiclx  or  ElfiBnreigeii,  the  weird 
spirit-song,  or  that  music  which  some 
hear  before  death.  Faber  refers  to  it  in 
his  "  Pilgrims  of  the  Night  "— 

Haric.  hark,  mjr  soul  I    Ancelie  aongs  are  fwetUng. 

And  Pope,  in  the  Di/ing  Christian  to  hie 
Souif  when  he  says — 

Hurk !  thcff  wfalipflr,  angds  m^. 
Sliter  Kplnt,  come  away  I 

Alps-Vinegar.  It  is  Livy  who  says 
that  Hannibal  poured  hot  vinegar  on  tJ^e 
Alps  to  facilitate  his  passage  over  the 
mountains.  Where  did  ne  get  the  vine^ 
from?  And  as  for  the  fire,  Polybius 
says  there  was  no  means  of  heating  the 
vinegar,  not  a  tree  for  fire-wood. 

Alqui'fe  (3  siy/.),  a  famous  enchanter 
in  Amddis  of  Oauly  by  Yasco  de  LfObeira, 
of  Oporto,  who  dicMl  1403. 

Im  None  denounces  mch  benefloent  endiaaten  aa  Al> 
«nlfc  and  Oisuida.  becaaw  tbejr  mm  "  m  a  ?i»dkatfc»i 


of  tbo»  who  traflte  with  the  L 
da  la  Noue.  Dtteemnm,  87  (US7). 

Al'Reikimlrah.keem'],  The  meaning 
of  this  word  is  very  doubtful.  Some  say  it 
is  the  mountain  or  valley  of  the  cave  of 
the  seven  sleepers.  Others  think  it  it 
the  name  of  the  dog  shut  up  in  the  cave 
with  them  ;  but  probably  it  is  a  stone  or 
metal  tablet  set  up  near  the  cave,  con- 
taining the  names  of  the  seven  sleepers 
and  their  dog  Katmfr'.— ^ale,  Ai  Kordn, 
zviii.  note. 

Alrinaoh,  the  demon  who  causes 
shipwrecks,  and  presides  over  storms  and 
earthquakes.  Woen  visible  it  is  always 
in  the  form  and  dress  of  a  woman. — 
Eastern  Mythology. 

Alsa'tia,  the  AVhitefriars*  sanctuary 
for  debtors  and  law-breakers.  The  name 
is  taken  from  Alsatia  {Alsaoef  in  France), 
a  seat  of  war  and  lawlessness  when 
king  Jameses  son-in-law  was  the  prince 
Palatine.  Sir  Walter  Scott,  in  The  For- 
tunes  of  Nigel,  has  graphically  described 
the  life  and  state  of  this  rookery,  but  is 
greatly  indebted  to  Shadwell's  comedyi 
The  Sqitire  of  Alsatia, 

Alsorip  (3fJM),  "  the  heiress,**  a  vulgar 
pai'venue,  affected,  conceited,  ill-natured, 
and  ignorant.  Having  had  a  fortune  left 
her,  me  assumes  the  airs  of  a  woman  of 
fashion^  and  exhibits  the  follies  without 
possessing  the  merits  of  the  upper  ten. 

Mr,  Alscripy  the  vulgar  fatner  of  **  the 
heiress,"  who  finds  the  grandeur  of  sud* 
den  w^th  a  great  bore,  and  in  his  new 
mansion,  Berkeley  Square,  sighs  for  the 
snu^  comforts  he  once  enjoyed  as  scrive- 
ner in  Fumivars  Inn. — General  Burgoyne, 
The  Heiress  (1781). 

Al  Sira4^\  an  imaginary  bridge  be- 
tween earth  and  the  Muiometan  paradise, 
not  so  wide  as  a  spider^s  thread.  Those 
laden  with  sin  fall  over  into  the  abyss 
below. 

Al'tamont,  a  young  Genoese  lord ^  who 
marries  Calista,  daughter  of  lord  Sciol'to 
{3  syL),  On  his  wedding  day  he  discovers 
that  his  bride  has  been  seduced  by  Lotha'- 
rio,  and  a  duel  ensues,  in  which  Lothario 
is  killed,  whereupon  Calista  stabs  herself. 
— N.  Rowe,  The  Fair  Penitent  (1703). 

%*  Rowe  makes  Sciolto  three  syllables 
always. 

f  John  Qotdc]  eonunenoed  hbi  career  at  Fulham.  wbeM 
he  performed  tiir  chancier  of  "AKamont"  which  be  acted 
•o  much  to  the  ntbbctlon  of  the  manncer  that  he  desired 
hie  wife  to  Mt  down  )rouug  Quick  a  whole  riiare,  whloh.  at 
the  dose  of  the  performance,  amoonled  to  Uiree  i ' 


ALTAMORUS. 


87 


AMADIS  OF  GREECE. 


Altamo'mB,  king  of  Samarcand', 
wbo  joined  the  E^ptianunuunent  a^inst 
tbt  cnuaden.  He  sarrendered  himself 
to  Godfrej  (bk.  zx.). — ^Tasso,  Jeruaaiem 
Mioend  (1575). 

AlUuDa'8  Brand.    The  Fates  told 

Itthaa  that  her  ion  Mclea'ger  would  live 

jiMt  as  loog  as  a  log  of  wood  then  on  the 

firs  renamed  nnconsamed.    Althaea  con- 

trired  to  keep  the  \og  nneonsumed  for 

■aar  jtaxB,  Irat  when  ner  son  killed  her 

two  biotiiers,  she  threw  it  aii^prily  into  the 

fire,  where  it  was  qtiickly  consumed,  and 

Meleiger  ex|ured  •t  the  same  time. — Ovid, 

Mda^  viiL4. 

Hw  fatal  bruid  AMun  bonicd. 

:t  JTmrr  r/.  act  L  n.  l  (18B1). 


(Shakespeare  says  fS  Henry  IV,  act  ii. 
te.  2),  AlOna  dreamt "  she  was  delivered  of 
afirs-brsad.**  This  is  a  mistake.  It  was 
Hecaba  who  so  dreamt.  The  story  of 
Atthaa  and  the  fire-brand  b  given  above.) 

Althe'a  (  The  dicme),  of  Richard  Love- 
bee,  was  Lacy  Sacheverell,  called  by  the 


AhLr 
aiaw 


(The  "graftea**  here  referred  to  were 
tfaoie  of  a  prison  in  which  Lovelace  was 
ccafined  by  the  Long  Parliament,  for  his 
petition  from  ELent  in  favour  of  the  king.) 

Altisidc/raii  one  of  the  duchess*s 
MTvaots.  who  pretends  to  be  in  love  with 
doo  QnixoCet^  and  serenades  him.  The 
don  sings  his  response  that  he  has  no 
ether  love  than  what  he  gives  to  his 
Dokm'ea.  and  while  he  b  still  sin^ng 
he  is  assailed  by  a  string  of  cats,  let  into 
the  room  by  a  ro|)e.  ^  the  knight  was 
haviaff  the  nsansion,  Altisidora  accused 
ham  of  having  stolen  her  garters,  but 
who  Um  kni^t  denied  the  charge,  the 
dsasd  proteeted  that  she  said  so  in  her 
^sttKlioii,  for  her  garters  were  not  stolen. 
"1  am  like  the  man,**  she  said,  "  looking 
for  hb  mule  at  tiie  time  he  was  astride  its 
heck.**— Cervantes,  Don  Quixote,  II.  iii. 
9,  dc ;  iv.  5  (1615). 

Al'ton  (Afbs),  alitu  Misa  Clifford,  a 
■v«et,  modest  young  lad^,  the  companion 
of  Miss  Alscrip,  **the  heiress,**  a  vulgar, 
Qooceit«d  paroemte.  Lord  Gayville  is 
expected  to  marry  "the  heiress,**  but 
detests  her,  and  loves  Miss  Alton,  her 
hvfflbb  compani<m.  It  turns  out  that 
£n00  a  year  of  "  the  heiress's  '*  fortune 
hekMngs  to  Mr.  Cliiford  (Miss  Alton*s 
hrother),  and  b  by  him  settled  on  his 


sister.  Sir  CHeroent  Flint  destroys  this 
bond,  whereby  the  money  returns  to  Clif- 
ford, who  marries  lady  Emily  Gayville, 
and  sir  (dement  settles  the  same  on  his 
nephew,  lord  (rayville,  who  marries  Miss 
Alton. — (leneral  Buigoyne,  The  Heiress 
(1781).  *^  ' 

Al'ton  liOOke,  tailor  and  poet,  a 
novel  by  the  Rev.  Charles  Kingsley 
(1850).  This  novel  won  for  the  author 
the  UUe  of  "  The  Chartist  aergyman.** 

Alsir'do.  kine  of  Tremlaen,  in  Africa, 
overthrown  by  Orlando  in  hb  inarch  to 
join  the  allied  army  of  Ag'ramant.-^ 
Ariosto,  Orlando  Fmnoso  (1616). 

Am'adis  of  Qaul,  a  love-child  of 
kin^  Person  and  the  princess  Elixe'na. 
He  18  the  hero  of  a  fitmous  prose  romance 
of  chivalry,  the  first  four  books  of  which 
are  attributed  to  Lobeira,  of  Portugal 
(died  1408).  These  books  were  trans- 
Uted  into  Spanish  in  1460  by  Montal'vo, 
who  added  the  fifth  book.  The  five  were 
rendered  into  French  by  Herberay,  who 
increased  the  series  to  twenty-four  books. 
Lastly,  Gilbert  Saunier  added  seven  more 
volumes,  and  called  the  entire  series  Le 
Roman  aes  Romans, 

Whether  Amadb  was  French  or  British 

is  disputed.    Some  maintain  that  "Gaul** 

means  Wales,  not  France :  that  Elizena 

was  princess  of  Brittany  (Bretagne),  and 

that  Perion  was  king  of  Gaul  (  Wales),  not 

Gaul  (France). 

Amadlsdi  Gwd  wm  a  tdl  nM.  of  a  bb  eomplextoB, 
khmpactmmm/tbiBf  bdwem  Mild  mi  aaMara,  and  ImI 
a  haadwma  blaek  Mari.  Ha  was  a  panon  of  rerf  fev 
wordiL  wai  not  eafthr  prorokcd,  and  was  mkmi  appoaoad.— 
Oamatco,  Don  quints,  II.  L  1  (ISU). 

(William  Stewart  Rose  has  a  poem  in 
three  books,  called  Amadis  of  Oaul,) 

As  Arthur  b  the  central  figure  of 
British  romance,  Gharlemagne  of  French, 
and  Diderick  of  (German,  so  Amaitis  is 
the  central  figure  of  Spanish  and  Portu- 
guese romance ;  but  there  is  this  difference 
— the  talc  of  Amadis  b  a  connected  whole, 
terminating  with  hb  marria^  with 
Oria'na,  the  intervening  parts  being  only 
the  obstacles  he  encountered  and  over- 
came in  obtaining  this  consummation.  In 
the  Arthurian  romances,  and  those  of  the 
(Charlemagne  series,  we  have  a  number  of 
adventures  of  different  heroes,  but  tiiere 
is  no  unity  of  purpose,  each  set  of  adven- 
tures b  complete  m  itself. 

(Southey  the  poet  has  an  admirable 
abridgment  of  Amadis  of  Oaul,  and  also 
of  Pwmerin  of  England,) 

Am'adis  of  dreeoe.  a  supplemental 
part  of  Amadis  of  Gad,  by  Felicia'no  de 


AHAIHON. 


28 


AMARANTH. 


Silva.    There  are  also  Bevexml  other  Ama- 

diflcfl — as  Amadia  of  Colchis,  Amadis  of 

Trebisondj  Amadis  of  Cathay^,  bnt  all  these 

are  very  inferior  to  the  original  Amadi$ 

ofOaui, 

nie  aarient  ftiMei,  who**  nU^v  doe  yet  ramahi, 
BMnHjr.  Lam»lM  «f  the  Lak*^  Pitntfofttt,  yv<«fram, 
airfm  tk0  OMMtwM,  0tc.  doe  bmn  wttnewi  of  tbto  odd« 
VMiltk.  HerawUh  wtn  mm  fcd  for  the  fpNee  of  600 
jMna,  mUO  ovr  bmgmfe  grawiiic  oiare  polUbed,  and 
ogr  mindf  mora  tlckliiih.  Umt  wntn  drIVM  to  Invent  aooM 
noToltiM  wherewith  to  deUsbt  im.  Tbiv  eeine  y*  bookas 
of  Amndli  into  light  wnong  oe  in  Ihia  iMft  afB.— Ffandi 
de  la  IToue,  Maomutm,  87  (IH^ 

Amai'mon  (8  «v/.)>  <^^  ^  ^^  prin- 
cipal devils.  Asmode'iis  is  one  of  his 
lieutenants.  ShakespeMe  twice  refers  to 
him,  In  1  Benry  IV,  act  ii.  sc  4,  and  in  The 
Merry  Wioe$  of  Wrndbor^  act  iL  sc.  2. 

Amal'alita,  son  of  Erill'yab  the 
deposed  qneen  c^  the  Hoamen  (2  8yl,),  nn 
Indian  tribe  settled  on  the  south  of  the 
MissonrL  He  is  described  as  a  bratal 
savage,  wily,  deceitful,  and  cruel.  Amal- 
ahta  wished  to  marry  the  princess  Goer'- 
Tjl,  Bfadoc*s  sister,  and  even  seised  her 
by  force,  but  was  killed  in  his  fli^t. — 
Southey,  Madoo,  ii.  16  (1805). 

Amalthfld'a,  the  sibyl  who  offered  to 
sell  to  Tarquin  nine  books  of  prophetic 
oracles.  When  the  king  refused  to  give 
her  the  price  demanded,  she  went  awav, 
burnt  three  of  them,  and  returning  to  the 
king,^  demanded  the  same  price  for  the 
remaining  six.  Again  the  king  declined 
the  purchase.  The  sibyl,  after  burning 
three  more  of  the  volumes,  demanded 
the  original  sum  for  the  remaining  three. 
Tarquin  paid  the  money,  and  Amalthsa 
was  never  more  seen.  Aulus  Gellius 
says  that  AmalthaBa  burnt  the  books  in 
the  kind's  presence.  Pliny  affirms  that 
the  original  number  of  volumes  was  only 
three,  two  of  which  the  sibyl  burnt,  and 
the  third  was  purchased  by  king  Tarquin. 

Amalthe'a,  mistress  of  Ammon  and 
mother  of  Bacchus.  Ammon  hid  his 
mistress  in  the  island  Nysa  (in  Africa). 
in  order  to  elude  the  vigilance  ana 
jealousy  of  his  wife  Ithea.  Tliis  account 
(given  by  Diodorus  Sic'ulus,  bk.  iii., 
8^  by  sir  Walter  Raleigh  in  his  History 
of  the  Woridf  I.  vi.  6)  diifers  from  the 
ordinary  story,  which  makes  Sem'eld  the 
mother  of  Bacchus,  and  Rhea  his  nurse. 
(Ammon  is  Ham  or  Cham,  the  son  of 
Koah,  founder  of  the  African  race.) 

.  .  .  that  Njraeian  De. 
Girt  with  the  river  Triton,  whera  old  Omm 

Bt^hom  Gentllea  Anunon  call,  and  Librw  Jove) 
M  Amaltbea  and  her  florid  Mm. 
Yeung  baochue,  ttom  hit  Mepdame  Bhen'k  eye. 

Milton.  AtmuMM  Loat.  tv.  S76  (1«»). 


Afnanda^  wife  of  Loveless.  Lord 
Foppington  pavs  her  amorous  attentions, 
but  she  utterly  despises  the  conceited 
coxcomb,  and  treats  nim  with  contumely. 
Colonel  Townly,  in  order  to  pique  his 
lady-love,  also  pays  attention  to  Love- 
less's  wife,  but  slie  repels  his  Advances 
with  indignation,  and  I^oveless,  who  over- 
hears her,  conscious  of  his  own  short- 
comings^ resolves  to  reform  his  ways,  and, 
'**  forsakmg  all  other,**  to  remain  true  to 
Amanda,  ^''so  long  as  they  both  should 
live.** — Sheridan,  A  Trip  to  Soarborougk, 

Aman'doy  in  Thomson*s  Seasons^  is 
meant  for  Ifiss  Young,  who  married 
admiral  Campbell. 

And  ttiou,  Amanda,  oe«M.  Drida  of  nreengl 
Formed  ligr  the  tiraoei,  lovdiaaei  Iti^ 

•'8prins.'*4B«.4Bl(17M). 

Amanda,  the  victim  of  Peregine  Pick]e*s 
seduction,  in  Smollett*s  novel  of  Peregine 
PicJUe  (1761). 

Am'ara  (Mount),  a  place  where  the 

Abassinian  kin^  kept  their  younger  sons, 

to  prevent  sedition.     It  was  a  perfect 

paradise  enclosed  with  alabaster  rocks, 

and    containing  thirty-four   magnificent 

palaces. — Heylin,  Microcoamus  (1627). 

When  the  Abaain  Uob*  their  Imm  goaid. 
Mount  Amara, .  .  .  hr  tome  luppoeed 
T»tM  paiadtee  under  the  Ethtopline^ 
Or  nDw  Ukie,  endoeMl  wlUi  riilnlng  ro^ 
A  whole  dajr'a  Joumer  high. 

MUton.  PttmitUlMt,  Iv.  «0.  ete.  {Xfm. 

("The  Ethlop  line**  means  the  equi- 
noctial line.) 

Amaran'ta,  wife  of  Bar'tolus,  the 
covetous  lawyer.  She  was  wantonly 
loved  by  Leandro,  a  Spanish  gentleman. 
— Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The  Spanieh 
Curate  (1622). 

Axn'aranth.  There  are  nnmeroos 
species  of  this  flower;  those  bMt  known 
are  called  prinee*9  feather  and  love  liee 
a-bleeding,  both  erimson  flowers.  The 
bloody  amaranth  and  the  cluttered  ama- 
ranth also  bear  red  flowers ;  but  there  is 
a  species  called  the  melancholy  amaranth 
which  has  a  purple  velvety  flower.  All 
retain  their  colours  pretty  well  to  the  last, 
and  the  flowers  endure  for  a  long  time. 
The  name  is  derived  fh>m  the  Greek 
word  amaranto9 — t.  e.  "everlasting." 
Pliny  says  (xxi.  11)  that  the  flowers  of 
the  amaranth  recover  their  colour  by  be- 
ing sprinkled  with  water. 

Immortal  amaranth,  a  flower  which  ohoe 
In  paradise,  faat  by  the  Tree  of  Life, 
*    Becan  to  Moom. . . .  With  theae ...  the  epirits  eleoft 
Bind  their  resplendent  look*. 

Mllteo.  J^MTodtt  Lott^  Ul.  au.  ale.  (MOB). 


AMASANTH. 


AMBBOSK. 


LngftOow,  by  •  ttimnge  eiror,  cioirns  the 
•Bgel  of  dtath  with  mnuumnth,  with  which 
(as  Milfcon  My«)  *«  the  spirits  elect  bind 
their  xesfilendent  locks,**  and  his  angel  of 
lifi  he  crowns  with  asphodel,  the  flower 
cf  Pinto  or  the  grave. 

iMl  n«  aa«cl  wtth  th*  •marutttaliM  wratth 
•  vonl.  that  hsii  ftBOOiMl  ttto 


Amfarantk  {Lady),  m  WiW  Oofa,  by 
John  O'Kecfe,  a  famous  part  of  Mrs. 
Pope  (1740-17»7). 

AsuurilliSa  a  shepherdess  in  love 
with  Pei'igot  {t  soonded),  but  Perigot 
loved  Am'ovet.  In  order  to  break  off  £is 
ftffedaon,  Amarilli^  induced  "the  sullen 
^epheid**  to  dip  her  in  "the  ma^ic  well,'* 
whereby  she  became  trancf ormedinto  the 
perfect  resemblance  of  her  rival,  and  soon 
effeetoally  disgusted  Perigot  with  her 
bold  snd  wanton  conduct.  When  after- 
wards he  met  the  true  Amoret.  he  repulsed 
bat^  snd  even  wounded  her  with  intent  to 
kill.  Ultimately,  tiie  trick  was  dis- 
eovered  by  Cor^n,  "the  faithful  shep- 
berdsss,**  and  Perigot  was  married  to  his 
true  love.— John  Fletcher,  The  FaUAftd 
SikpUrd  (1610). 

Amaryllis,  tn  Spenser*s  pastoral 
Qrfta  CUmfs  Come  Noma  Agam,  is  the 
OMBteas  of  Derby.  Her  name  was  Alice, 
and  she  was  the  youngest  of  the  six 
dangbtets  of  sir  John  Spenser,  of  Al- 
tborpe,  ancestor  of  the  noble  houses  of 
Spenser  and  Harlborongh.  After  &e 
deadi  of  the  eari,  tiie  widow  married  sir 
Thonas  Egerton,  keeper  of  the  Great 
Seal  (afterwards  baron  of  EUesmere  and 
riaeoont  Brackley).  It  was  for  this  very 
Isdy,  dnring  her  widowhood,  that  Hilton 
vnte  bis  £r'caie$  (S  syl.), 

R*  hv  pnlwarthf  we  tke  drtHB  tbTMb 
n«  hMMT  «f  tlM  aoWe  fiMflr 
OrvWcklMUMMkoMtmrnirtoba.  .. 
ryVi.  ChairSk.  and  nMrt  AamyiUi : 
AfOblte  hib  h  eUHi  of  Hm  tkiM. 
TW  — t  tolwrhi  bamrtifal  ChMyMi, 

%tmam.  IMtm  OmCa  Oumt  Momm  dgmim  (IBM). 

Azn'asisi,  Amdsis^  or  Aah'mes  (3  sy/.), 
fouder  ef  the  eighteenth  E^ptian 
dynasty  (B.C  1610).  Lord  Brooke  at- 
tributes to  him  one  of  the  pyramids.  The 
tiuee  chief  pynunids  are  usually  ascribed 
to  Suphis  (or  Gbeops),  Sen-Suphis  (or 
(^phrenis),  and  Mendierds,  all  of  the 
ftwtb  dynasty. 


p/miliii  wptild  m»f 
Lard  Braoka^  ^( 


Amateur  {An).      Pierce  Egan  the 


younger  published  under  thi8_p8eudonym 
his  Reed  Life  in  London^  or  l%e  Satnbies 
and  Adventures  of  Bob  Tally-ho.  Esq,^ 
and  his  Cousin^  the  Hon.  Tom  JDashcUL 
through  the  Metropolis  (1821-2). 

Amaurots  {The),  a  people  whose 
kingdom  was  invaded  by  the  Dipsodes 
(2  «y/.),  but  Pantag'ruel,  coming  to  their 
defence,  utterly  routed  the  invaders. — 
Rabelais,  Pantagntel,  ii.  (1683). 

Am.a'vla,  the  personification  of  In- 
temperance in  grief.  Hearing  that  her 
husband,  sir  Mordant,  had  been  enticed 
to  the  Bower  of  Bliss  by  the  enchantress 
Acra'sia,  she  went  in  i^uest  of  him,  and 
found  him  so  changed  m  mind  and  body 
she  could  scarcely  recognize  him ;  how- 
ever, she  managed  by  tact  to  bring  him 
ftway,^  bnt  he  died  on  the  road,  and 
Amavia  stabbed  herself  firom  excessive 
grief.— Spenser,  Fairy  Queen,  ii.  1 
(1590). 

Ajnaao'na,  •  fury,  who  freed  a 
certain  country  from  the  Ogri  and  the 
Blue  Centaur.  When  she  sounded  her 
trumpet,  the  sick  were  recovered  and  be- 
came both  young  and  strong.  She  gave 
the  princess  Carpil'Iona  a  bunch  of  gilli- 
flowers^  which  enabled  her  to  pass  un- 
recognized before  those  who  knew  her 
well.— Omtesse  D*Aunoy,  Fairy  Tales 
("The  Princess  Carpillona,**  1682). 

AmaBo'nian  Chin,a  beardless  chin, 
like  that  of  the  Amazonian  women. 
Especially  applied  to  a  beardless  yo«mg 
soldier. 


WlioB  vitk  hit  AaanMlaa  dhln  ka  4bov« 
Hm  brlrtbd  Upi  b«ro««  him. 

ShakMpcwB,  atrManuM,  act  il.  •&  1  (ISOS). 

Ambassadors  at  foreign  courts. 

Lacatia  art  vlr  boons  peranv  mlaiu  ad  maoUeiMhiB 
ilpAlioa  nnm  ■■  Wr  Haimr  Wottan  (1010). 

Amber,  said  to  be  a  conoretion  of 

birds'  tears,  but  the  birds  were  the  sisters  of 

Melea'ger,  called  Helea^ridds,  who  never 

ceased  weeping  for  their  dead  brother. — 

Pliny,  Natural  History f  XKXvii.  2,  U. 

AremMl  thaa  dull  fllataa  tha  loteUMt  ambv. 
That  avar  tba  aoiTowtag  aeA-blrdt  hava  wapL 

Am'brose  (2  syl.),  a  sharper,  who 
assumed  in  the  presence  of  Gil  Bias  the 
character  of  a  devotee.  He  was  in  league 
with  a  fellow  who  assumed  the  name  of 
don  Raphael,  and  a  young  woman  who 
called  herself  Camilla,  cousin  of  donna 
Mencia.  These  three  sharpers  allure  Gil 
BUs  to  a  house  which  Camilla  says  is  hers, 
fleece  him  of  his  ring,  his  portmanteau, 
and  his  money,  decamp,  and  leave  him  to 


AHBBOSB. 


80 


AMERICA. 


find  oat  that  the  house  is  onl^  a  hired 
lodging. — Leuige,  Gil  Bias,  i.  15,  16 
(1716). 

(This  incident  is  borrowed  from  Es- 
pinel's  romance  entitled  Vida  de  Escudero, 
ntarcoa  de  Obregon,  1618.) 

Am'brote  (2  tyL),  a  male  domestic  ser- 
yant  waiting  on  Miss  Seraphine  and 
Miss  Angelica  Arthuret. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Redyaunilet  (time,  George  II.). 

Amhrote  ( ttrothtr),  a  monk,  who  at- 
tended the  prior  Ajmer,  of  Joryaolz 
Abbey. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Ivanhoe  (time, 
Richard  I.). 

Am^hroi'ut  (Father)  abbot  of  Kenna- 
quhair,  is  Edward  Glendinning,  brother  of 
sir  Halbert  Glendinning  (the  knight  of 
Arenel).  He  appears  at  Kinross,  dis- 
guised as  a  nobleman*s  retainer.— Sir  W. 
Scott,  The  Abbot  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Amelia,  a  model  of  conjugal  affec- 
tion, in  Fielding's  noyel  so  called.  It  is 
said  that  the  character  was  modelled 
from  his  own  wife.  Dr.  Johnson  read 
this  novel  from  beginning  to  end  without 
once  stopping. 

AmalUi  b  periM|M  th*  only  book  of  vhidi.  bdnf 
priuted  off  botlaiM  on*  mornlnc  a  raw  editton  was 
called  for  belbrt  night  The  dMi«ct«r  of  Amelia  is  the 
BMMt  plMudng  heroliM  of  all  the  romanoMi— I>r.  Johnion. 

Amc'liaj  in  Thomson's  SeaaonSf  a  beauti- 
ful, innocent  young  woman^  overtaken  by 
a  storm  while  wuking  with  her  troth- 
plight  lover,  Cel'adon,  ^*  with  equal  virtue 
formed,  and  eonal  grace.  Hers  the 
mild  lustre  of  tne  blooming  mom,  and 
his  the  radiance  of  the  risen  day." 
Amelia  grew  frightened,  but  Celadon 
said,  "  Tis  safety  to  be  near  thee,  sure ; " 
when  a  flash  of  lightning  struck  her 
dead  in  his  arms. — **  Bummer'*  (1727). 

Ame'Ha,  in  Schiller's  tragedy  of  The 
Robbers, 


Or  their  vfll  lean  hov  genenm  worth  MihUiiMe 
The  robber  Moor,  and  picadi  for  all  his  crimae; 
How  poor  AnieUa  kbnd  with  many  a  tear 
Hie  hand.  Mood-etalaed.  baterer.  erer  dear. 

OampbeU.  Pl^twtrm  ^  Uop*,  tL  (17M). 


Amelot  (2  «y/.),  the  page  of  sir  Da- 
mian  de  Lacy.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Be- 
trothed (time,  Henry  II.). 

America.  Names  of  cities  and  States 
in  the  United  States,  whence  derived: — 

AlabamOf  an  Indian  word,  meaning 
**  Here  we  rest."  It  was  the  exclamation 
of  an  Indian  chief,  and  alluded  to  its 
well-stocked  hunting-grounds. 

Annap'olie  (Maryland),  so  named  from 
queen  Anne,  in  whose  reign  it  was  con- 
stituted the  seat  of  local  government. 


Asto^ria  (Oregon),  so  called  from  Mr. 
Astor,  merchant,  of  New  York,  who 
founded  here  a  fur-trading  station  in 
1811.  The  adventure  of  uis  merdiant 
forms  the  subject  of  Washington  Irving's 
Astoria, 

Bal'timore  (3  syl.),  in  Maryland,  is  so 
called  from  lord  Baltimore,  who  led  a 
colony  to  that  state  in  1634. 

Boston  (Massachusetts),  so  called  from 
Boston  in  Lincolnshire,  whence  many  of 
the  original  founders  emigrated. 

Car^ina  (North  and  i^uth),  named  in 
compliment  to  Carolus  II.  (Charles  II.), 
who  granted  the  whole  country  to  eight 
needy  courtiers. 

Carson  City  ^Oregon),  commemorates 
the  name  of  Kit  Carson,  the  Rock}^  Moun- 
tain trapper  and  guide,  who  died  in  1871. 

Charleston  (South  Carolina),  founded 
in  1670,  and  named  after  Charles  II. 

Del'atcare  (8  syl,)^  in  Pennsylvania,  is 
the  name  of  an  Indian  tribe  with  whom 
William  Penn  chiefly  negociated. 

Ftttr'idaf  discovered  bv  the  Spaniards 
on  Palm  Sunday,  and  thence  called 
IPasquaJ^  Florida. 

Geor^guif  named  in  honour  of  George 
II.,  in  whose  reign  the  first  settlement 
there  was  made. 

Barrisbura  (Pennsylvania),  named 
from  Mr.  Harris,  by  whom  it  was  first 
settled  in  1783,  under  a  grant  from  the 
Penn  family. 

Indiana^  so  named  from  the  number  of 
Indians  which  dwelt  there  (1801). 

Lomsianay  so  named  by  M.  de  la  Sale 
(1682),  in  honour  of  Louis  XIY.  of 
France. 

Jfaine^  so  called  (1638)  from  the  French 
im>vince  of  the  same  name. 

Maryland,  so  named  by  lord  Baltimore 
(1683),  in  compliment  to  Henrietta- 
Maria,  the  wife  of  Charles  I.  of  England. 

Nevada,  so  called  from  the  Sierra 
Nevada  mountain-chain. 

New  Hampshire,  previously  called  La- 
conia.  It  received  its  present  name  from 
J.  Mason,  governor  of  Hampshire,  to 
whom  it  was  conceded  in  1629. 

New  Jersey,  so  called  in  honour  of  sir 
G.  Carteret,  who  had  defended  Jersey 
against  the  parliamentary  forces  in  1664. 

New  York,  previously  called  New  Am- 
sterdam, It  received  its  present  name 
(1664)  in  compliment  to  James  duke  of 
York*  (afterwards  James  II.). 

Pennsylvania  ("  the  Penn  Forest  **),  so 
ealled  from  William  Penn,  who,  in  1681, 
gave  to  the  state  its  constitution. 

Texas  (i,e,  **the  place  of  pio-tectioa*'), 


AHERICA. 


81 


AMIDAS. 


■0  cilled  in  1817,  because  genenl  Lalle- 
Bftni  gKT^  there  "protection**  to  a  colony 
<tf  Fmidi  refngeea. 

Vermomi  {U,  "Vcrta  Monts"),  so  called 
fron  the  Gracn  Mountains,  which  traverse 
the  state. 

Virgimitt,  so  caUed  (1584)  by  sir  Walter 
Baleigh,  in  compliment  to  £li2abeth, 
'*  the  Tirgin  qnem.** 

*•*  Jlimoitj  lowOy  Kcauas,  Kentucky^ 
Midugan  ("a  lake**),  Mmnetota  ("langh- 
in|^  waiexs**),  Mississippi  ("sea  of 
iratera^),  Missomi,  Nebraska^  Ohioj  Ore- 
gsm,  and  Wtsooasta,  are  names  of  rivers. 


Nicknames  of  the  United 
States*   inhabitants: — AUbamaf    lizards; 
ArkoH^sas,  tooth-picks ;  Calif om'ia^  eold- 
hanters ;  Cohra^dOf  rovers ;   Conwcticut^ 
wooden  nntm^s ;  DeTaware^  mnsk-rats  ; 
Ftor'ida,     fl^npUhe-creeks ;      Oeor'fjia, 
bnzzards ;     lUimois,    suckers ;    Indiana^ 
boosiers ;     •'<>*'^  hawk-eyes ;     KanaaSy 
jay-hawkers;    Aentucky,  corn-crackers; 
Idmisiama.     Creoles ;      Mcdne^      foxes ; 
Marylamd,    craw-tiiampers ;     Mich'igan, 
wolverines;   Mmnesotfa,  gophers;    Mis- 
siss^pi,    tadpoles;     Mi^ov^ri,    pokes; 
Jftm'atfka.    bog-eaters ;    Nsvafdoy    sage 
heos ;     New  Banyoshire,   granite   boys ; 
Nsw     Jersey y    bines   or   oam-catchers ; 
Sem  Yort,  knickerbockers;  North  Caro- 
l^ma,    tar-boilers    and    tuckoes;     Ohio^ 
buck-eyes ;   Ot'egcn^  web-feet  and  hard- 
cases;    Pennsyivafnia,    Pennanites    and 
Icatber-beads  ;  SAode  Island,  gun-flints ; 
Somtk    Carolfna,    weasels;      Tennessee' , 
wbelps ;     Texas,   beef-heads ;     Vermont, 
Gran  Mountain  boys ;  Virgin'ia,  beadies ; 
badgers. 


Amethyst  is  said  to  dispel  dmnken- 

Ameutiy  the  heaven   of    Egyptian 
Bythology. 


Of«  tbm  fkte  of  li—iiiu  . . .  op«n  th*  0ito  of  ttie 
«any  rt^tm  ;  oiftm  the  fM*  of  AmauU  t—inaeiiftUn 
maktmamm^  m^miM  kg  PttUfr^.  ht  \SSL 

Am'g^iad,  son  of  Oamarakaman  and 
Bsdoors,  and  half-brother  of  Assad  (son 
of  Camaralzaman  and  Haiatal'nefous). 
Esch  of  the  two  mothers  conceived  a  base 
passion  for  the  other's  son,  and  when  the 
young  princes  revolted  at  their  advances, 
Sfcuscd  them  to  their  father  of  designs 
apoB  tiieir  honour.  Camaralzaman  or- 
dered his  emir  Giondar  to  put  them  both 
to  death,  but  as  the  roung  men  had  saved 
kim  from  a  lion  he  laid  no  hand  on  them, 
but  told  them  not  to  return  to  their 
fsther*s  dominions.  They  wandered  on 
for  a  time,  and   then  parted,  but   both 


reached  the  sameplace,  which  was  a  city 
of  the  Magi*.  Here  by  a  strange  ad- 
venture  Anigiad  was  made  vizier,  while 
Assad  was  thrown  into  a  dungeon,  where 
he  was  designed  as  a  sacrifice  to  the  fire- 
god.  Bosta'na,  a  daughter  of  the  old 
man  who  imprisoned  Assad,  released 
him,  and  Amgiad  out  of  gratitude  made 
her  his  wife.  After  which  the  king,  who 
was  greatly  advanced  in  years,  appointed 
him  his  successor,  and  Amgiad  used  his 
best  efforts  to  abolish  Uie  worship  of  fire 
and  establish  "  the  true  faith.*' — Arabian 
Nights  ('*  Amgiad  and  Assad  "). 

Ambara,  the  kingdom  in  which  was 
the  "happy  valley,'*^ where  the  Abvs- 
sinian  princes  were  doomed  to  live.  The 
valley  wae  encompassed  by  mountains, 
and  had  but  one  entrance,  which  was 
under  a  cavern,  concealed  by  woods  and 
closed  by  iron  gates. — IJr.  Johnson, 
Rasselas  (1759). 

Am'ias^  a  squire  of  low  degree,  be- 
loved by  Emilia.  They  apeed  to  meet 
at  a  given  spot,  but  on  their  way  thither 
both  were  taken  captives — ^Amias  by 
Corflambo,  and  i£milia  by  a  man 
monster.  Emilia  was  released  by  Bel- 
phcebd  (3  syL),  who  slew  "  the  caitiff ;  '* 
and  Amias  by  prince  Arthur,  who  slew 
Corflambo.  Ihe  two  lovers  were  then 
brought  together  by  the  prince  "in  peace 
and  settled  rest."— -Spenser,  Faery  Qtteen^ 
IV.  7,  9  (1596). 

Am'idas,  the  younger  brother  of 
Brac'idas,  sons  of  Mile'sio ;  the  former 
in  love  with  the  dowerless  Lucy,  and  the 
latter  with  the  wealthy  Philtra.  The 
two  kffothers  had  each  an  island  of  equal 
size  and  value  left  them  by  their  father, 
but  the  sea  daily  added  to  the  island  of  the 

Sounger  brother,  and  enroached  on  that 
elonging  to  Bracidas.  When  Philtra 
saw  that  the  property  of  Amidas  was 
daily  increasing,  she  forsook  the  elder 
brother  and  married  the  wealthier ;  while 
Lucy,  seeing  herself  jilted,  threw  herself 
into  the  sea.  A  floating  chest  attracted 
her  attention,  she  clung  to  it,  and  was 
drifted  to  the  wasted  island.  It  was 
found  to  contain  great  riches,  and  Lucy 
gave  its  contents  and  herself  to  Bracidas. 
Amidas  claimed  the  chest  as  his  own  by 
ri^t,  and  the  question  in  dispute  was  sub- 
mitted to  sir  Ar'tegal.  The  wise  arbiter 
decided,  that  whereas  Amidas  claimed  as 
his  own  all  the  additions  given  to  his 
island  b}'  the  sea,  Lucy  mi^t  claim  as 
her  own  the  chest,  because  the  sea  had 


AWEL. 


tt 


AMMONIAN  HORN. 


given  it  to  her. — Spenser,  Faery  Quoent 
V.  4  (1696). 

Azn'iely  in  Dryden's  Absalom  and 
AcAitophelj  is  meant  for  a*r  Edward 
Seymour,  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Com- 
mons.— (2  Sam,  xxiii.  84.) 

Who  can  Amkra  tirmisa  reftiMf 
Of  Midaiit  race  by  Mnh.  but  noM«r  jret 
Id  hit  own  worth,  and  without  Mtlo  gnat 
The  aanhedrlm  long  time  as  chief  he  ruled. 
Their  reaion  guided,  and  their  pavlon  cooled. 

rartL 

A'min  (Prmoe),  son  of  the  caliph 
Haroun-al-Kaschid ;  he  maricd  Am'in^ 
sister  of  Zobeide  (8  <y'<)i,  ^«  caliph^s 
wife. — Arabian  Nightr  Entertainments 
("The  History  of  Amine"). 

Ami'na,  an  orphan,  who  walked  in 
her  sleep.  She  was  betrothed  to  Elvi'no, 
a  rich  ntrmer,  bnt  being  found  the  night 
before  the  wedding  in  the  chamber  of 
coont  Rodolpho,  fUvino  looked  upon  her 
as  a  harlot.  The  connt  remonstrated 
with  the  young  farmer,  and  while  they 
were  talking,  the  orphan  was  seen  to  get 
out  of  a  window  and  walk  along  the  nar- 
row edge  of  a  mill-roof  while  the  great 
wheel  was  rapidly  revolving ;  she  tiien 
crossed  a  crazy  old  bridge,  and  came  into 
the  same  chamber.  Here  she  awoke,  and, 
seeing  Elvino,  threw  her  arms  around 
him  so  lovingly,  that  all  his  doubts 
vanished,  and  he  married  her. — Bellini, 
La  Sonnambuia  (an  opera,  1881). 

Am'ine  (8  sylX  half-sister  of  Zo- 
bei'd6  (8  syl.)^  and  wife  of  Amin,  the 
caliph's  son.  One  day  she  went  to  pur- 
chase a  robe,  and  the  seller  told  her  he 
would  chai^  nothing  if  she  would  sufiFer 
him  to  kiss  her  cheek.  Instead  of  kis- 
sing he  bit  it.  and  Amine,  being  asked  bv 
her  husband  now  she  came  by  uie  wouna, 
so  shuffled  in  her  answers  that  he  com- 
manded her  to  be  put  to  death,  a 
sentence  he  aftetwards  commuted  to 
scourging.  One  day  she  and  her  sister 
told  the  stories  of  their  lives  to  the  caliph 
Haroun-al-Raschid,  when  Amin  became 
reconciled  to  his  wife,  and  the  caliph 
married  her  half-sister. — Arabian  Ifig/Us' 
EfUertainments  ("  History  of  Zobeide 
and  History  of  Amine  '*). 

Amine  (8  syL)  or  Amines  (3 
syl.)y  the  beautiful  wife  of  Sidi  Nouman. 
Instead  of  eating  her  rice  with  a  spoon, 
she  used  a  bodkin  for  the  purpose,  and 
carried  it  to  her  mouth  in  infinitesimal 
portions.  This  went  on  for  some  time, 
till  Sidi  Nouman  determined  to  ascertain 
on  what  his  wife  really  fed,  and  to  his 


horror  discovered  that  she  was  a  ghoul, 
who  went  stealthily  by  night  to  the 
.  cemetery,  and  feasted  on  the  fresh-buried 
dead. — Ardbian  Nights  ("History  of  Sidi 
Nouman  **). 

One  of  the  AmlnAi*  aort.  who  plek  op  their  pafaM  of 
food  with  a  hodUn.— a  W.  Hoinei,  AiOtarut  9f  «*• 
Brtaitfa»t-Tmbl*. 

Amin'tor,  a  young  nobleman,  the 
troth-plight  husband  of  Aspatia,  but  by 
the  king  s  command  he  marries  Evad'ne 
(8  syl,).  This  is  the  great  event  of  the 
tragedy  of  which  Amintor  b  the  hero. 
The  sad  story  of  Evadne,  the  heroine, 
gives  name  to  the  play. — Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  The  Maid's  Tragedy  (1610). 

(Till  the  reign  of  Charles  II.,  the  kings 
of  England  chimed  the  feudal  right  of 
disposing  in  marriaj^  any  one  who  owed 
them  feudal  allegiance.  In  AlCs  Well 
that  Ends  Well^  Shakespeare  makes  the 
king  of  France  exercise  a  similar  right, 
when  he  commands  Bertram,  count  of 
Kousillon,  to  marrv  agidnst  his  will  Hel'- 
eua,  the  physician  s  daughter.) 

Amis  tbe  Priest,  the  hero  of  a  oomio 
German  epic  of  the  1.1th  century,  repre- 
sented as  an  Englishman,  a  man  of  great 
wit  and  humour,  bnt  ignorant  and  hypo- 
critical. His  popularity  excites  the  en- 
vy of  the  superior  clergy,  who  seek  to  de- 
pose him  from  the  priesthood  by  making 
public  exposition  of  his  ignorance,  bnt 
oy  his  quickness  at  repartee  he  always 
manages  to  turn  the  laugh  against  them. 
Ascribed  to  Strieker  of  Austria. 

Amlet    (Richard),  the  gamester  in 

Yanbrugh's  Confederacy  (1695).     He  is 

usuaUy  called  "Dick." 

I  aaw  Mia  Pope  for  the  Moond  tlma.  In  the  year  17M. 
In  the  character  of  "  Pllpfiaata.''  John  Pahoer  belna 
"Dick  AjBlet."  and  Un.  Jocdaa  "OortMia."-Jainea 
Smith. 

Mrs,  Amlet,  a  rich,  vulgar  trades- 
woman, mother  of  Dick,  of  whom  she  is 
very  proud,  although  she  calls  him  a  "sad 
scapegrace,**  and  swears  "he  will  be 
hangiMl.**  At  last  she  settles  on  him 
£10,000,  and  he  marries  Corinna, 
daughter  of  Gnpe  the  rich  scrivener. 

Ammo'nian  Horn  ( The)j  the  cornu- 
copia. Ammon  king  of  Lib'ya  gave 
to  his  mbtress  Amiuthe'a  (mother  of 
Bacchus)  a  tract  of  land  resembling  a 
ram's  horn  in  shape,  and  hence  called  the 
"  Ammonian  horn  "  (from  the  giver),  the 
"  Amalthe'an  horn  "  (from  the  receiver), 
and  the  "  Hiaperian  horn  **  (from  its  local- 
ity).    Almathea  also  personifies  fertility. 


AMMOirS  SON. 


AMPHITRYON. 


(A»«on  u  Ham.  son  of  Noah,  fbnnder  of 
tke  Afrinm  nee.)    (See  Amaltthsa.) 

fHcra] 


•r  thal'AmoMaiaD  kom. 
Mprnmiotk*  Mmlmdt. 

Am'monlB  Son.  Alexander  the 
Groii  called  himaelf  the  son  of  tiie  god 
A»»oa,  \m%  others  call  him  ib»  aoii  of 
Philip  of  Maoedoa. 

Of  toi I iMBk «ldi  PMIp't MM. OTiMlMr 

T.tL 


01 


wUktMvoridMid 


(Allnding  to  the  tale  that  when  Alex- 
ander had  conquered  the  whole  world,  he 
wept  that  there  was  no  other  world  to 
.) 


A'mon's  Son  it  Rinaldo,  eldest 
■oa  of  Amon  or  Armon  marqnla  d*£ste, 
and  nephew  of  Cnarlemagne. — ^Arioato, 
OHmdo  Furum  (1616). 

Amoref  t»  or  Am'oret.  twin-bom 
with  Belpbaebd  (3  sy/.)>  their  mother 
bcmg  Ghfyaog'ond  (4  «y/.).  While  the 
fmrttur  and  her  two  babes  were  asleep) 
Diana  took  one  (BelpluBbS)  to  bring  np, 
and  Venns  the  other.  Venus  committed 
Amontta  to  the  cham  of  Psychd 
(1  mC),  and  Psjcfad  tended  her  as  loringly 
as  me  tended  her  own  daoghter  Pleasure, 
*^to  whom  she  became  the  companion.** 
When  grown  to  marriageable  estate. 
AiMnetta  was  brought  to  Fairyland,  and 
woaaded  many  a  heart,  but  f^ve  her  own 
only  to  nr  Scudamore  (bk.  iiL  6).  Being 
seimd  by  Bn'sirane,  an  enchanter,  she  was 
kept  in  dnmice  by  himlwcaase  she  would 
•ot  ^'her  true  lovedAy ;  **  but  Britomart 
dcfircred  her  amr  bonnd  the  enchanter 
(bk.  iiL  11,  I2)t  after  which  she  became 
the  tender^  loving  wife  of  sir  Scudamore. 

Aawtt  IS  the  t^pe  of  female  loveliness 
mi  wifely  affection,  soft,  warm,  chaste, 
gentle,  and  ardent ;  not  sensual  nor  yet 
plttoaic,  but  that  liviiu^,  breathing, 
vana-hearted  love  which  fits  woman  for 
tiH  fond  mother  and  faithful  wife. — 
Spenser,  Fbery  Qtuen,  til.  (1590). 

Am'oret^  a  modest,  faithful  shep- 
herdess, who  i^ij^ted  her  troth  to  Per'igot 
rr  sounded)  at  the  **  Virtuous  WeH.** 
ihe  wanton  shepherdess  AmariUis, having 
by  snrhaiitiiieni  assumed  her  appearance 
sad  dicsB,  so  disgusted  Perigot  with  her 
bold  ways,  diat  he  lost  his  love  for  the  true 
Aaioret,  repulsed  her  with  indignation, 
sad  tried  to  kill  her.  The  deception  was 
revealed  oy  CorOn,  *<  the  faithful  shep- 
beidsss,**  and  the  lovers  being  reconciled, 
wese  hamily  married. — John  Fletcher^ 
Tiu  FaUhfMl  SKephtrdeu  (before  1611). 


Amoor'y  {Sir  QUes),  the  Gmnd* 
Master  of  the  Kni^ts  TempUrs.  who 
conspires  with  the  marquis  of  Mont- 
serrat  against  Richard  I.  oaladin  cuts  oft 
the  Templar's  head  while  in  the  act  of 
drinking.— Sir  W.  Scott,  TU  Talitman 
(time,  Richard  I.). 

Am'peraancU  acorroption  oiAnd-at^ 
andj  i,e,  "  «fc-as-and."  The  symbol  is  the 
old  Italian  monomm  et  (**and'*),  made 
thus  6*,  in  which  uie  first  part  is  the  letter 
s  and  the  flourish  at  the  end  the  letter  t. 


MMtn't  amtain  the  i 
O  nur  nlM  Uttk  vapemad  i 
Kottiliig  IkM  CMmm  ev«r  pi 

Qooced  la  JMm  aiHf  0mHm  (Miy  Bb  UTTi 

(Cadmus  invented  the  original  Greek 
alphabet.) 

Am'phibal  (^.),  confessor  of  St 
Alban  of  Verulam.  When  Maxlmia'nus 
Hercttlitts,  general  of  Diocle'tian's  army 
in  Britain,  pulled  down  the  Christian 
churches,  burnt  the  Holy  Scriptures,  and 
put  to  death  the  Christians  with  unflsmng 
zeal,  Alban  hid  his  confessor,  and  ^red 
to  die  for  him. 


A Ihn— il  other minti  wbom  AwphBid  had  taoAt .  .  . 
Ware  iMn  when  Lkhteld  b.  whoM  bmm  SotJt  rishOr 


(ThtraordkMChfMMisatalsK  "DMS-tdd-orburytaf. 
gnooiid. 

DnfUm,  P^lpoMtm,  xxtr.  (ISM). 

Amphi'on  is  said  to  have  built 
Thebes  oy  the  music  of  his  lute.  Tenny- 
son has  a  poem  called  Ampkkm^  a  skit 
and  rh3'ming7'^  Setprit. 

AmphkMi  than  th*  load  eriatliw  tno 
StrikM.  and  briiold  a  MiildM  TbebM  a  . 
Po|M,  Twmt^*^ . 

Amphis-bsdna^  a  reptile  which  could 

go  head  foremost  either  wa^r,  because  it 

had  a  head  at  each  extremity.    Milton 

uses  the  word  in  Paradm  Lost,  x.  524. 

(Greek,  ampi  baino,  "  1  go  both  ways.**) 

Iha  aBi|iai»4MMia  douNjr  annod  afipaan. 
At  oIUmt  and  a  thnateninj  b«ad  iM  nan. 
Bowo.  PkarmlU^  tat.  S8S.  He.  (by  Lucaa). 

Amphitiyon,  a  Theban  general, 
husband  of  Alcme'nd  (3  sy/.).  While 
Amphitryon  was  absent  at  war  with 
Pterelas  king  of  the  Tel'ebOans,  Jupiter 
assumed  his  form,  and  visited  Alcmen^, 
who  in  due  time  became  the  mother 
of  Her'cuUs.  Next  day  Amphitryon  re- 
turned, having  slain  Pterelas,  and  AlcmenS 
was  surprised  to  see  him  so  soon  again. 
Here  a  ^reat  entanglement  arose,  Alc- 
meng  telhog  her  husband  he  visiiod  her 
last  night,  and  showing  him  the  ring  he 
gave  her,  and  Amphitryon  declaring  he 
was  with  the  array.    This  confusion  is 


AHREET. 


84 


ANACHRONISMS. 


itill  further  increased  by  his  slave  Sos'ia» 
who  went  to  take  to  Alcmend  the  news  of 
victory,  but  was  stopped  at  the  door  of 
the  house  by  Mercury,  who  had  assumed 
for  the  nonce  Sosia's  form,  and  the  slave 
could  not  make  out  whether  he  was 
himself  or  not.  This  plot  has  lieen  made 
a  comedy  by  Plautus,  Molibre,  and 
Dryden. 

TIm  ac«iMs  which  Pbntm  drav.  to-ntght  ve  ihow. 

ToudMd  bgr  UoUkn.  bf  Dr)d<n  uuglit  to  glov. 

pn^offu*  to  Uawktmmik't  iwrtkm. 

As  i»n  ArophltiTOii  6ket  fui  ton  dint,  no  ooe  taiowt 
beitar  than  OukU  tk*  umofa  rtdttrtht  diniMr.— I.  YatM, 

^^ Amphitryon'' :  Le  v^itabU  AmM- 
tryon  est  t Amphitryon  ou  Con  dine  ("The 
master  of  the  feast  is  the  master  of  the 
house  ").  While  the  confusion  was  at  its 
height  between  the  false  and  true  Amphi- 
tryon, Socie  [Sosia]  the  slave  is  requested 
to  decide  which  was  which,  and  replied — 

J>  no  mo  trompob  pas.  nwlwiw;  cemottMinliM 
Toute  rtrr^tolatioa ; 
Le  rMUkbie  AmphttiTon 
Itt  l'Ajnphlu>on  oft  Ton  dlnfc 

llolUre.  Amphitrpotu  UL  S  (1668). 

Demoathenet  and  Ctoero 
Ara  doobtlaa  stately  luunM  to  haftr, 

Bui  that  of  good  Amphitryon 
Sounds  fax  more  pleaMUit  to  my  aar. 

M.  A.  Dteugim  am-tBBO). 

Amree't,  the  drink  which  imparts 
immortality,  or  the  Water  of  ImmorUlity. 
It  is  obtained  by  churning  the  sea,  either 
with  the  mountain  Meroo  or  with  the 
mountain  Mandar.— JfoAodAaroi. 

"  Bring  forth  tbo  Amreota-eup  • "  Kobama  cried 
To  Yamen.  rlshi«  stem)/  In  hb  pride : 
"  It  is  within  the  marble  sepukhre."  ... 
**Tkket  drlnkl*  with  accentsdrcad  the  spectre  said. 
**  For  thee  and  KaUgal  hath  it  been  assigned. 
Ye  only  of  the  diiUren  of  nMnkiiid." 

Bouthcy.  Cunt  qf  Kthama,  zxlv.  IS  (1806). 

Am'ri,  in  Absalom  and  Achitophely 
by  Dryden  and  Tate,  is  Heneage  Fmch, 
earl  of  Nottingham  and  lord  chancellor, 
lie  is  called  "The  Father  of  Equity" 
(1621-1682). 

1V>  whom  the  double  Messing  did  bdong. 
With  Mosci'  injidiathm.  Aaron's  tongue. 

Part  U. 

Amtm'deville  {Lord  Henry)^  one  of 
the  "  British  privy  council."  After  the 
sessions  of  parliament  he  retired  to  his 
country  seat,  where  he  entertained  a  select 
and  numerous  party,  amongst  which  were 
the  duchess  of  Fitz-Fulke,  Aurora  Raby, 
and  don  Juan  "the  Russian  envoy." 
His  wife  was  hwiy  Adeline.  (His  character 
is  given  in  xiv.  70, 71.)— Byron,  Don  Juan, 
xiu.  to  end. 

Am'urath  III.  sixth  emperor  of  the 
Turks.  He  succeeded  his  father,  Selim  11., 


ond  reigned  1574-1695.    His  first  act  was 
to  invite  all  his  brothers  to  a  banquet,  and   | 


strangle  them.    Henry  I V.  allades  to  thk 

when  he  says — 

IMs  b  the  EngUsh.  not  the  TnrUsh  eoorti 
Mot  Amurath  an  AnMinth  mooeeds. 

Amusements  of  Kings,  "nie 
great  amusement  of  Aritas  of  Arabia 
Petnea,  was  currying  horses ;  otArtoMnM 
of  Persia,  was  mole-catching ;  of  Dom^t%an 
of  Rome,  was  catching  flies;  of  Ferdinand 
VIL  of  Spain,  was  embroidering  petti- 
coats:  of  Louis  XVL  clock  and  lock 
making;  of  George  IV,  the  game  of 
patience. 

Amyn'tas,  in  Cdin  Goufs  Come 
Nome  Again,  by  Spenser,  u  Ferdinando 
earl  of  Derby,  who  died  1694. 

Amyntas.  flower  of  shepherd**  pride  foriorn. 
Be.  whilst  he  IItW.  wa*  the  noWesl  swain 
That  e»er  plp*d  on  an  oaten  qoilL 
Spenser.  C^Um  Clouft  Comt  Bomt  A  fain  (IflBl). 

Amyn'tor.    (See  Amijitor.) 

A'mys  and  Amyl'ion,  the  Danaon 
and  Pythias  of  medi«val  romance— See 
Ellis's  Specimens  of  Early  English  Metricai 
Bomanoes, 

Anab'asls,  the  expjedition  of  the 
younger  Cyrus  against  his  brother  Arta- 
ierxes,  and  the  retreat  of  hw  "ten 
thousand"  GreekSj  described  by  ien- 
ophon  the  Greek  historian. 

Your  chronWer  in  writing  tills 
Had  in  his  akind  th' Anabaria       ^_.... 
LongfaDow.  Tht  WajftU*  tnn  (an  Intasfeide). 

Anaoharsis  [CJlootal.  Baron  Jean 
Baptiste  Clootz  assumed  the  prenome  ot 
Anacharsis,  from  the  Scythian  so  caUed, 
who  travelled  about  Greece  and  oUier 
countries  to  gather  knowledge  and  im- 
prove his  own  countrymen.  The  baron 
wished  by  the  name  to  intimate  that  his 
own  object  in  life  was  like  that  of  Ana- 
charsis (1756-1794). 
Anaohronisms.  (See  Ebrobs.) 
Chaucer,  in  his  tale  of  TVot/us,  at  the 
siege  of  Troy,  makes  Pandfaus  refer  to 
B3bin  Hood, 

And  to  hhnselfe  ftd  soberly  be  saled. 
Fromhasdlwood  Uiere  joUy  Robin  Pl*!^  ^ 

Giles  Fletcher,  in  Chris's  Victory, 
pt.  ii.  makes  the  Tempter  seem  to  be 
**a  good  old  hermit  or  palmer,  travelling 
to  see  some  saint,  and  Uiting  his  beads  1 1 

Lodge,  in  The  True  Tragedies  of 
Marms  and  Sylla  (1694),  mentions  "the 
razor  of  Palermo"  and  "St.  Pauls 
steeple,"  and  introduces  Frenchmen  who 
»♦  for  forty  crowns  "  undertake  to  poison 
.he  Roman  consul. 


ANACHBONISHS. 


86 


ANAGRAMS. 


HoRGijiT  makes  Dido  tell  iEneas  thai 
ibe  ihoald  have  been  contented  with  • 
■on,  eren  *'  if  he  had  been  a  oockney 
dimdiprat'*  (1582). 

ScHiLLKK,  in  hit  Piccolomim^  Bpeaks 
•f  ligktmmg  ctmdmctcrs.  This  was  aboat 
150  rears  before  they  were  invented. 

Shakespkark,  in  his  Ooriolantts  (act  ii. 
le.  1),  makes  If  oienias  refer  to  ^oitfaabove 
600  years  before  he  was  bom. 

Cominius  alludes  to  Soman  playt^  but 
as  such  things  were  known  for  250  years 
sfter  the  death  of  Cominius. — CorioCaoMU^ 
act  iL  sc  2. 

Bratos  refers  to  the  "  MiMrdan  icatera 
brought  to  Borne  by  Censorinns.**  This 
was  not  done  till  SCO  years  afterwards. 

la  Hamiet^  the  prince  Uanilet  was 
educated  at  WUtemberg  School^  which  was 
not  founded  till  1502;  whereas  Saxo- 
Gennanicns,  from  whom  Shakespeare  bor- 
lowed  the  tale,  died  in  1204.  Hamlet 
was  90  years  old  when  his  mother  talks 
if  his  going  back  to  school  (act  L  sc.  2^. 

la  1  Henry  /K.  the  earner  complains 
tluit  '*  the  turkeys  in  his  pannier  arc  Quite 
starred**  (act  iL  icS),  whereas  tunceys 
GsoM  from  America,  and  tiie  New  AVorld 
WS8  not  even  discovered  for  a  centun' 
tfter.  Again  in  Henry  V,  Gower  is  made 
to  say  to  Fluellen,  **  Here  comes  Pistol, 
swelhng  like  a  turkey-cock  ^  (act  v.  sc  1). 
la  JtUtHS  Onar^  Brutus  says  to 
Gmrus,  *'  Peace,  count  the  dock."*  To 
vkich  Csasius  replies,  "The  clock  has 
itrickeD  three.**  (blocks  were  not  known 
to  the  Komans,  and  striking-clocks  were 
Boi  invented  till  some  1400  years  after 
the  desth  of  Cesar. 

YiB6ii<  places  iEneas  in  the  port 
Tdinns,  which  was  made  by  Curins 
Deatitaa. 

This  list  with  ver^  little  trouble 
Mif^t  be  greatly  multiplied.  The  hotbed 
i(  Maehioniams  is  mediieral  romance; 
Ifaeie  nations,  times,  and  places  are  most 
leeklasslv  disregarded.  This  may  be 
instsoced  by  a  few  examples  from 
Arioeto's  great  poem  Orlando  Furioso. 

Here  we  have  Charlemagne  and  his 
wlsdins  joined  by  Edward  king  of 
h^and,  Richaid  earl  of  Warwick,  Menry 
duke  of  Clarence,  and  tiie  dukes  m. 
York  and  Gloucester  (bk.  vL).  We  have 
eaanoas  employed  by  Cymosco  king  of 
Frim  (bk.  iv.),  and  also  in  the  siege  of 
Vtra  (bk.  vt.;.  We  have  the  Moors 
mablisbed  in  Spain,  whereas  they  were 
sot  invited  over  by  the  Sarscens  for 
Msriy  dOO  years  after  Charlemapie's 
destfa.    la  bk.  xvii.  we  have  Prester  John, 


who  died  in  1202 ;  and  in  the  last  three 
books  we  have  Ck)nstantine  the  Great,  who 
died  in  337. 

Anao'reon,  the  prince  of  erotic  and 
bacchanalian  poets,  insomuch  that  songs 
on  these  subjects  are  still  called  Anac- 
reon'tic  (b.c.  563-178). 

Anacreon  of  PamterSj  Francesco  Al- 
b&no  or  Albalii  (1578-1660). 

Anacreon  of  the  GmUoUne^  Bertrmd 
Bar^re  de  yieu2ac  (1755-1841). 

Anacreon  of  the  Tempie^  Guillanme 
Amfrye,  abbe  de  Chanlieu  (1639-1720). 

Anacreon  of  the  Ticcifth  Century ^ 
Walter  MapcSj  "  The  Jovial  Toper."  His 
&mous  drinking  song,  **  Meum  est  pro- 
positum  .  .  ."has  been  translated  by  Leigh 
Hunt  (1150-1196). 

The  French  Anacreon.  1.  Pontus  de 
Thiard,  one  of  the  "Pleiad  poete" 
(1521-1605).  2.  P.  Laujon,  perpetual  pre- 
sident of  the  Cavettu  Modemc^  a  Paris 
club,  noted  for  its  good  dinners,  but  every 
member  was  of  necessity  a  poet  (1727- 
181  n. 

The  Persian  Anacreon,  Mahommed 
Hafiz.  The  collection  of  his  poems  is 
called  The  Divan  (1310-1389). 

The  SicUian  Anacreon,  Giovanni  Meli 
(1740-1815). 

Anacreon  Moore,  Thomas  Moors 
of  LhibUn (1780-1852),  poet, called** Anac- 
reon," from  his  translation  of  that  Greek 
poet,  and  his  own  original  anacreontic 
songs. 

OMcribcd  bf  Mahonet  sod  Anacfcoa  Moon. 

Bjnoa.  Jfom  Juan,  L  101 

^4T^ftl^AT^^^a^  crowns  of  flowers. 

with  Angen  noftt  and  Sao 
BntOMUMtems  Ui^  maka. 

Dcajrtoa.  JVyoWwi.  xv.  (lfU9. 

Anagna&  InchasUty  personified  in 
Tfte  Furpie  Island,  by  Phmeas  Fletcher 
(canto  vii.).  He  had  four  sons  by  Caro, 
named  Msechus  (adultery) ,  Pomei'us  (fomi' 
cotton),  Acath'arus,  and  Asel'ges  (/oscrrioMS- 
«tf8«),allof  whom  are  fully  described  by  the 
poet.  In  the  battle  of  Mansoul  (canto  xi.) 
Anagnus  is  slain  by  Agnei'a  {wifely 
chastity),  the  spouse  of  Encra'tcs  {t4mi' 
pcrcnce)  and  sister  of  Parthen'ia  {mat' 
dtmly  chastity.  (Greek,  an-iu^nos,  **  im- 
pure.")  (1633.) 

Anagrams. 

Charles  Jambs  Stuart  (James  1.).  i 
Claims  Arthur^s  Seat.  ' 

Damb  Elkaxor  Da  vies  (prophetess  in 
the  reign  of  Charles  I.).  Aever  so  mad  a 
hdist 


ANAH. 

Horatio  Nelson.    Honor  est  Nilo. 

Maris  Touchbt  (mistress  of  Chiirles 
IX.)*  </<?  charme  tout  (made by  Henri  IV.). 

Pilate's  question,  Quid  est  Ybritas  ? 
E$t  vir  qui  adest. 

Sir  Rogbr  Charles  Douohtt  Tich- 
borne.  Baronet.  You  horrid  butcher^ 
Orton,  biggest  rasoal  here, 

A'nah,  granddaughter   of   Oin  and 

sister  of  Aholiba'mah.    Japhet  loved  her, 

but  she  had  set  her  heart  on  the  seraph 

Azaz'iei,  who  carried  her  off  to  another 

planet  when  the   Flood    came. — Byron, 

Heaven  and  Earth, 

Anah  and  AholllMinah  are  t«7  dUforant  dianicten: 
Anab  in  Hit.  gentle,  and  aibmiMlre;  bcr  aiater  b  prood, 
tnipertoiu,  and  aspiring;  the  one  knring  In  fear,  uU 
other  in  ambition.  8be  fean  that  ber  lore  uiaka*  b«r 
"heart  grow  iravloiiB,''  and  that  riie  wondiim  the  awaph 
rather  than  the  Creator.— Ed.  Ijrtloa  Bulver  (Lord 
Lxtton). 

Anak  of  Publisliers,  so  John 
Murray  was  called  by  lord  Byron  (1778- 
1843). 

An'aMm  or  Anak,  a  giant  of  Pales- 
tine, whose  descendants  were  terrible  for 
their  gigantic  stature.  The  Hebrew 
spies  said  that  they  themselves  were 
mere  grasshoppers  in  comparison  of  them. 

I  felt  the  thewa  of  Anaklm. 
The  {tuliM  of  a  Titan's  heart. 

Tennyion,  In  Jfeiaertem,  UL 

(The  Titans  were  giants,  who,  ac> 
cording  to  classic  fable,  made  war  with 
Jupiter  or  Zeus,  1  syL) 

Anamnes'tes  (4  sjy/.),  the  boy  who 
waited  on  Eumnestes  (Memory).  Eum- 
ne.stds  was  a  very  old  man,  decrepit  and 
half  blind,  a  **  man  of  infinite  remembrance, 
who  Uiings  foregone  through  many  ages 
held,"  but  when  unable  to  "fet**  what  he 
wanted,  was  helped  by  a  little  boy 
vclept  Anamnostus,  who  sought  out  for 
him  what  **was  lost  or  laid  amiss.** 
((ireek.  eumnestis,  **  good  memory  j " 
anamnestis,  **  research  or  calling  up  to 
mind.") 

And  oft  when  thlnsi  were  loet  or  laid  ambs. 
That  bojr  them  MMiicht  and  onto  bim  did  lead  ; 
Therefore  be  AnaniiHntse  olepAd  ii. 
And  that  old  man  Bumnestet. 

Speneer.  rairg  Quetn,  IL  9  (1800). 

Anani'as,  in  The  Alchemist^  a  comedy 
by  Ben  Jonson  (1610). 

Benjamin   Jobneon   (165M742)  .  .  .  nemed    to   be 

Croud  to  wear  the  poet's  double  name,  and  was  partlcu- 
iriY  ffvat  In  all  that  author's  plujrs  that  w«:re  usually 
performed,  rlz..  "Wasp,"  "Oorbacdo."  "Morose."  and 
"  Aneolis."— Cfietwood. 

("  Wasp  "  in  Bartholomew  Fair,  "  Clor- 
baccio**  in  Tlie  Fox,  "Morose**  in  The 
Siient  Womany  all  by  B.  Jonson.) 

Anarohus,  king  of  the  Dipsodcs 


AN(X)R. 

^2  syiX  defeated  by  Pantag'ruel,  who 
oressed  him  in  a  ragged  doublet,  a  cap 
with  a  cock's  feather,  and  married  him  to 
"an  old  lantern-carrying  hag.**  The  prince 
gave  the  wedding  feast,  wmch  consisted 
of  garlic  and  sour  cider.  His  wife,  being 
a  regular  termagant,  "did  beat  him  like 
plaster,  and  the  ex-t3nrant  did  not  dare 
call  his  soul  his  own.** — Rabelais,  Fan- 
tagruei,  ii.  31  (1533). 

Anasta'siiiB,  the  hero  of  a  novel 
called  Memoirs  of  Anastamu,  by  Thomas 
Hope  (1770-1831),  a  most  brilliant  and 
powerful  book.  It  b  the  autobi<^japhy 
of  aGreekj  who,  to  escape  the  consequences 
of  his  cnmes  and  villainies,  becomes  a 
rcn^ade,  and  passes  through  a  long  series 
of  adventures. 


Fiction  has  but  few  pleturse  whkfa  wfll  bear  eomparlson 
with  thai  of  AnastMlus.  sitting  on  the  steps  oT  the 
ksaretto  of  Trieste,  with  his  djrlDg  bojr  In  his  anai.— 
Mmeifc  Brit.  Art.  **  Romance." 

Anastasiua  Grtin,  the  nom  d$ 
pivane  of  Anton  Alexander  von  Auerspeig, 
a  German  poet  (1806-1876). 

Anasterax,  brother  of  Ni^nee  [««.- 
Aa.y],  with  whom  he  lives  in  incestuous 
intercourse.  The  fairy  Zorphee,  in  order 
to  withdraw  her  god-<laughter  from  this 
allianoe,  enchanted  her. — Amadis  de  Gaul, 

Anazar'te  (4  syl.),  the  Am'adis  of 
Greece,  a  supplemental  part  of  the  Por- 
tuguese romance  called  Amadis  of  Gaul 
[Wales^.  The  supplemental  romance 
was  written  by  Feliciano  de  Silva. 

An'oho,  a  Spanish  brownie,  who  haunts 
the  shepherds'  huts,  warms  himself  at 
their  fires,  tastes  their  clotted  milk  and 
cheese,  converses  with  the  family,  and  is 
treated  with  familiarity  mixed  with  terror. 
The  Ancho  hates  church  bells. 

Anchora.     A  frigate  has  six: — (1) 

the  cock-hUl  anchor,  forward;  (2)  uie 
kedger,  aft ;  ^3)  the  flood  anchor,  towards 
the  open ;  (4)  the  ebb  anc/ior ;  (5)  the 
bower  anchor,  to  starboard  ;  (6)  the  siteei 
anchor,  to  larboard  or  port. 

Ancient  Mariner  (The),  by  Cole- 
ridge. For  the  crime  of  having  shot  an 
albatross  (a  bird  of  good  omen  to  sea- 
men) terrible  sufferings  are  visited  upon 
him,  which  are  finally  remitted  through 
his  repentance ;  but  he  is  doomed  to  wan- 
der over  the  earth  and  repeat  his  story  to 
others  as  a  warning  lesson. 

An'oor,  a  river  of  Leicestershire,  run- 
ning through  Harshul,  where  Michael 


AND  ABX  TS  SUBS. 


ANDR0NICU8. 


Dnijtea  was  botn.   Hflooe  Win.  BrowiM 
calli  htm  the  ■hepbeidY 

win  m  th*  tenlB  oC  Aaeor  taMd  hli  piM. 

Bi  ttnmni\t'i  Pii^ii  iifi.  TH  pnH 

Andareyeaure. . .  (SmBut...) 

An'deraon  (Eppie),  «  serruit  at  the 
inn  of  St.  RoDeii*8  Well,  held  by  Meg 
Dods.^Sir  W.  Scott,  St,  BomuC*  Well 
(tiiBe,  Geoige  III.)* 

Andr^  (2  ^.)>  Petit-Andr^  and  Troia 
Echellea  are  the  execiitioiien  of  Louis  XI« 
€i  Fiance.  They  are  introduced  by  sir 
W.  Scott,  both  in  QuetUm  Dwrword  and 
of  Qeknieh^ 


Attdrff  the  hero  and  title  of  n  novel 
by  Geoige  Sand  (Mde.  Doderant).  This 
■ordaad  that  called  ConsueiolA  syl.)  are 
eonsidered  her  best  (18a4:-1876). 

AnVlrQA  Ferra'ra,  a  sword,  so 
called  from  a  famoas  Italian  sword- 
Biaker  of  the  name.  Strictly  speaking, 
eoly  a  bio«d-sword  or  claymore  ahoold  be 
•o  called. 

Ao4r«w 
Wt  hmd  at  m  darii 
iU79U 

Andie'os.  Fortitude  personified  in 
7%e  FmrpU  lilami,  by  Phmeas  Fletcher 
(csnto  X.).  "  None  fiercer  to  a  stubborn 
enemy,  bat  to  die  yielding  none  more 
■vcetly  kind.**    (Greek,  amSia  or  andlreia, 


Uttrwrn 


u 


•) 


An'diew,  gardener,  at  Ellangowan, 
to  Godfrey  Bertram  the  laird.— Sir  W. 
Icott,  Gw^  JOarmermg  (time,  (>eofge  II.). 

AndrewSL  a  private  in  the  royal  army 
9i  the  duke  of  Monmouth.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Old  Mortaiity  (time,  Charles  IL). 

Amirtm  {Joteph)^  the  hero  and  title 
•f  s  novel  by  Fielding.  He  is  a  footman 
wiio  marries  a  maid-servant.  Joseph 
Andrews  is  a  brother  of  [Kicbardson  s] 
**  Pamela,**  a  handsome,  model  young 

knwctr  and  tpoi  qnaBtlM, 
M  to  the  dop.  bb  licmvwjr  bi 


of  Um  countx.  aiMl  hb 
brlbas  aaS    tanpuuko.    kave 


nfrMklas  ta  Ih^r  tmimti  and  frinhiuMi  aod 
<mm  la  Iwuar  of  tbat  twinboinff  jrounf  baro. 


Androdus  and  the  Ijion.  An- 
drodos  was  a  runaway  Roman  slave,  who 
took  refuge  in  a  cavern.  A  lion  entered, 
sad  instead  of  tearing  him  to  pieces, 
lifted  up  its  fore  paw  that  Androdus  mijght 
extract  from  it  a  thorn.  The  fugitive, 
being  subsequently  captured,  was  doomed 
to  fi^  with  a  lion  in  the  Roman  arena, 
ud  It  so  hai^ieoed  that  the  very  same 


lioQ  was  let  out  against  him ;  it  instantly 
secognized  its  benefactor,  and  bc^^  tc 
fkwn  upon  him  with  every  token  of 
gratitude  and  joy.  The  story  bdng  told 
of  this  strange  behaviour,  Androclas  was 
fortiiwith  set  free. 

A  somewhat  similar  anecdotf  is  told  of 
sir  George  Davis,  English  consul  at 
Florence  at  the  beginning  of  the  present 
century.  One  day  he  went  to  see  the 
lions  of  the  great  duke  of  Tuscany. 
There  was  one  which  the  keepers  could 
not  tame,  but  no  sooner  did  sir  George 
appear,  than  the  beast  manifested  every 

Smptom  of  }oy.  Sir  Geoige  enterecl 
e  cage,  when  the  creature  leaped  on  his 
shoul&r,  licked  his  face,  wagged  its  tail, 
and  fawned  like  a  dog.  Sir  George  told 
the  great  duke  that  he  had  brought  up 
this  lion,  but  as  it  grew  older  it  became 
dangerous,  and  he  sold  it  to  a  Barbary 
captain.  The  duke  said  he  bought  it  of 
the  same  man,  and  the  mystery  was 
cleared  up. 

Andromadhe  [An.dh)m'.a.%],  widow 

of  Hector.  At  the  downfall  of  Tror  both 
she  and  her  son  Asty'anaz  were  allotted 
to  lyrrhus  king  of  Epirus,  and  IVrrhus 
fell  m  love  with  her,  but  she  repelled  his 
advances.  At  length  a  Grecian  embassy, 
led  by  Orest^  son  of  Agamemnon, 
arrived,  and  demanded  that  Asty^anax 
should  be  given  up  ai|d  put  to  death,  lest 
in  manhood  he  should  attempt  to  avenge 
his  fatber^s  death.  Pvrrhus  told  Audio- 
machi  that  he  wonldprotect  her  son  in 
defiance  of  all  Greece  if  she  would  become 
his  wife,  and  she  reluctantly  consented 
thereto.  While  the  marriage  ceremonies 
were  going  on  the  ambassadors  rushed  on 
Fjrrrhus  and  slew  him,  but  as  he  fell  he 
pjaced  the  crown  on  the  head  of  Andro- 
mache who  thus  became  the  queen  of 
Epirus,  and  the  ambassadors  hastened  to 
their  ships  in  flight. — Ambrose  Philips, 
ne  Distresmd  Mother  (1712). 

%♦  Andromache  was  a  favourite  part 
with  Charlotte  Clarke,  daughter  of  (>>Ile> 
Gibber  (1710-1760),  and  with  Mrs.  Yates 
(1787-1787). 

Androni'oa,  one  of  Logistilla*s  hand- 
maids, noted  for  her  beauty. — ^Ariosto, 
Orlando  Furiom  (1516). 

Androni'cus  ( Tttui)y  a  noble  Roman 
general  against  the  (voths,  father  of  La- 
vin'ia.  In  the  play  so  called,  published 
amongst  those  of  Shakespeare,  the  word 
all  through  is  called  Andron'km  (1598). 

Marcus  AndronictUf  brother  of  Titus, 
and  tribune  of  the  people. 


ANDROPHILtrS. 


88 


ANGEUQUE. 


Androph'lluB,  PhilAnthropy  per- 
sonified in  The  Purple  Iskmdf  by  Phineas 
Fletcher  (1688).  Fully  described  in 
canto  X.  (Greek,  Andro-phUoSf  "  a  lover 
of  mankina.") 

An'eal  (2  tyL),  daughter  of  Ma&'ni, 
who  loves  Djabal,  and  bmeves  him  to  be 
"hakeem"'  (the  incarnate  god  and 
founder  of  the  Druses)  returned  to  life 
for  the  restoration  of  the  people  and 
their  return  to  Syria  from  exile  in  the 
Spo'rad^.  When,  however,  she  discovers 
his  imposture,  she  dies  in  the  bitterness 
of  her  disappointment. — ^Robert  Browning, 
The  £eiwn  qf  the  Druses, 

AneeL  When  the  Rev.  Mr.  Patten, 
vicar  m.  Whltstable,  was  dying,  the  arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury  sent  him  £10 ;  and 
the  wit  said,  "  Tell  his  grace  that  now  I 
own  him  to  be  a  man  of  God,  for  I  have 
seen  his  angeis" 

To  irrite  like  an  Angela  that  is  like 
Angel  [Vergecios] ,  a  Greek  of  the  fifteenth 
century,  noted  for  his  caligraphv. 

Vcmge  de  DieiA,  Isabeau  la  belle,  the 
"inspired  prophet-child"  of  the  Cami- 
sards. 

Angels  (Orders  of).  According  to 
Dionysius  the  Areop'agite,  the  angels  are 
divided  into  nine  orders:  Seraphim  and 
Cherubim,  in  the  frst  circle ;  Thrones 
and  Dominions,  in  the  second  circle ; 
Virtues,  Powers,  Principalities,  Arch- 
angels, and  Angds,  in  the  third  circle. 

Norem  Angrkjrum  onUiiM  dicimui.  quia  vkMicet  ena, 
tafUott  w«ro  •tuquto.  Kliniis  Aiweloa.  ArcimimeUw,  Vlr- 
tuto.  PotMUtaa,  PriDchwtiia.  DotniojitkHicc.  Tbroaot, 
CheruMin.  iuqim  8«ipbi0i.-43t.  Qnton  the  Gtmt, 
HomaptL 

(See  Hymns  Ancient  and  Modern^  No. 
268,  ver.  2,  8.) 

Angels' Visits.  Norris  of  Bemertoa 
(1667-1711)  wrote-^ose  joys  which 

SooDMt  take  tlMir  flight 
Are  Um  meet  exqnlilte  and  itroag. 
Like  angele'  rkita,  ehort  aad  bright 

Robert  Blair,  in  1748,  wrote  in  his  poem 
called  T/ie  Grave,  "in  visits'* 

Uke  tboee  of  anfela.  abort  and  te  between. 

^  Campbell,  in    1799,  appropriated    the 

simile,  but  without  improving  it,  wrote — 

Like  angaV  rUta,  few  and  fer  between. 

AngePioa,  in  Bojardo's  Orlando  In- 
namorato  (1495),  is  daughter  of  Gal'aphron 
king  of  Cathay.  She  goes  to  Paris,  and 
Orlando  falls  m  love  with  her,  forgetful 
of  wife,  sovereign,  country,  and  glory. 
Angelica,  on  the  other  hand,  disregards 
Orlando,  but  passionately  loves  Itiiuldo, 


who  |)ositivelv  dislikes  her.  Angelica 
and  Rinaldo  arink  of  certun  fountains, 
when  tibe  opposite  effects  are  produced  in 
their  hearts,  for  then  Rinaldo  loves  Ange- 
lica, while  Angelica  loses  all  love  for 
Rinaldo. 

Anaelica,  in  Ariosto's  Orlando  Fmrioso, 
ri516)  is  the  same  lady,  who  marries 
MedOro,  a  youi^  Moore,  and  returns  to 
Outhay,  where  Medoro  succeeds  to  the 
crown.  As  for  Orlando,  he  is  driven  mad 
by  jealousy  and  pride. 

The  fehreat  of  her  aet,  Angalka, 

.  .  .  Bought  br  tamaif  proweat  knliJkti. 

Both  palnim  and  the  peeca  of  Cbarlanagne. 

MUtoo.  /■torwfiie  Magmimd,  Itt.  (UJtL 

Angelica  {The  prinoess)^  called  "The 
Lady  of  the  Golden  Tower."  The  loves 
of  Parisme'nos  and  Angelica  form  an 
important  feature  of  the  second  part  of 
Parismus  Prince  of  Bohemia^  by  Emanuel 
Foord  (1598). 

AngeVica,  an  heiress  with  whom  Va- 
lentine L^end  is  in  love.  For  a  time 
he  is  unwilling  to  declare  himself  because 
of  his  debts ;  but  Angelica  gets  possession 
of  a  bond  for  £4000,  and  tears  it.  Th« 
money  difliculty  bein^  adjusted,  the 
marriage  is  arranged  amicably. — ^W.  Con- 
gieve,  Lvfoefor  Lwe  (1695). 

(Mn.  Anne  Bnoegtrdle]  eqaalty  Minted  In  meltlnc 
tMMlerneai  and  plarful  coquetry.  In  "Btatlm*  or  "  MiUa- 
■uuit ;"  and  eren  atan  advanced  age.  when  die  plared 
"Angelka."— CL  Dlhden. 

Angelica,  the  troth-pli^t  wife  of  Yalere, 
"the  gamester."  She  gives  him  a  pic- 
ture, and  enjoins  him  not  to  part  wiui  it 
on  ptiin  of  forfeiting  her  lumd.  How- 
ever, he  loses  it  in  pmy,  and  Angelica  in 
disguise  is  the  winner  of  it.  A^r  much 
tribulation,  Yalere  is  cured  of  his  vice, 
and  the  two  are  happily  united  by  marriage. 
—Mrs.  Centlivre,  The  Oamester  (1705). 

Angeli'na,  daughter  of  lord  Lewis, 
in  the  comedy  called  The  Elder  Brother , 
by  Beaumont  and  Fletcher  (1637). 

Angelina,  daughter  of  don  Channo. 
Her  father  wanted  her  to  marry  Clodio, 
a  coxcomb,  but  she  preferred  his  elder 
brother  Carlos,  a  bookworm,  with  whom 
she  eloped.  They  were  taken  captives 
and  carried  to  Lisbon.  Here  in  due  time 
they  met,  the  fathers  who  went  in  search 
of  them  came  to  the  same  spot,  and  as 
Clodio  had  engaged  hims^  to  Elvira  of 
Lisbon,  the  testv  old  gentlemen  agreed  to 
the  marriage  of  Angelina  with  Carlos.— 
C.  Cibber,  ijove  Makes  a  Man, 

Aneelique'  (8  syl.)^  daughter  of  A  rgan 
ihemaiadeimaginaire.   Her  lover  is  Cl^te 


AN6EUQX7E. 


89 


ANGUISANT. 


fS  iffl).  In  order  to  prore  whether  his 
vife  or  daughter  loved  him  the  better, 
Aigan  pffctended  to  be  dead,  whereapon 
the  wife  rejoiced  greatly  that  the  was 
relieTed  of  a  "di«gustiiig  creature^**  hated 
br  ereiy  one ;  bat  the  daughter  grieved  as 
if  her  heart  would  break,  rebuked  herself 
for  her  shortcoming  and  vowed  to  devote 
the  rest  of  her  lift)  m  prajer  for  the  repose 
trfhiasooL  Aigan,  oeing  assured  of  his 
daoghtei't  love,  ^ve  his  free  consent  to 
her  marriage  with  Cl^ante. — Moli^re, 
Malade  Imagimakr^  (1673). 

il]i9«lK}ii&  the  aristocratie  wife  of  George 
Daadin,  a  French  commoner.  She  has  a 
luiaon  with  a  M.  Clitandre,  bat  always 
coeteives  to  tarn  the  tables  on  her  hus- 
band. Georjee  Dandin  first  bears  of  a 
icndexvoos  nom  one  Labin,  a  foolish 
servant  of  Clitandre,  and  lays  the  affiair 
before  M.  and  Mde.  SotenviUe,  his  wife's 
parenta.  The  baron  with  George  Dandin 
call  on  the  lover,  who  denies  the  accu- 
sation, and  George  Dandin  has  to  beg 
pardon.  Subsequently,  he  catdxes  his 
wife  and  Clitandre  togetiier,  and  sends  at 
once  for  M.  and  Mde.  SotenviUe;  but 
Angeliqne,  aware  of  their  presence,  pre- 
tenids  to  denounce  her  lover,  and  even 
takes  up  a  stick  to  bnt  him  for  the  "  in- 
sult offered  to  a  virtuous  wife ;  **  so  again 
the  parents  declare  their  dau^ter  to  be 
the  very  paragon  of  women.  Lastlv, 
George  Dandin  detects  his  wife  and  Cli- 
tandre together  at  night-time,  and  succeeds 
in  rfiatting  his  wife  out  of  her  room  ;  but 
Angelique  now  pretends  to  kill  herself, 
sod  wImu  George  goes  for  a  light  to  look 
for  the  bodjTt  she  rushes  into  her  room 
and  shnts  mm  out.  At  this  crisis  the 
Darents  arrive,  when  Angelique  accuses 
aer  husband  of  being  out  all  ni^t  in  a 
dfhsncfa;  and  he  is  made  to  b^  her  nudon 
en  his  knees. — ^Moliere,  Qtorge  Iktmlin 
(1668). 

An'gelovin  Mecuurefdr  Maasttre,  lord 
dqmty  of  IHenna  in  the  absence  of  Vin- 
ceatio  the  duke.  His  betrothed  lady  is 
Maria'na.  Lord  Angelo  conceived  a  base 
passion  for  Isabella,  sister  of  Claudio,  but 
Lis  designs  were  foiled  by  the  duke,  who 
eoBpelled  him  to  marry  Mariana. — 
Shakespeare  (1608). 

Arij»eU>^  a  gentleman,  friend  to  Julio  in 
TV  Captaoi^  a  drama  by  Beaumont  and 
Fletdier  (1613). 

Anger . . .  the  Alphabet.  It  was 
Athcnodo'nia    the    Stoic    who    advised 


Augustus  to  repeat  &e  alphabet  when  he 
felt  inclined  to  give  way  to  anger. 

Vn  certain  One  dl«it  k  rMnpereur  AqgiMte. 
Ooinae  one  lastmelloa  atlk  autuit  qm  Jiwte. 
Om.  lonqa'  mm  aventara  «n  eoUre  nout  bmC 
Noof  devout,  arant  loat,  dire  noU«  alphabet. 


Afln  aue  dam  oe  umpe  la  bOe  ••  temptre. 
la'oo  ne  Gmm  rtan  qae  fon  ne  doira  fibv. 


Kqa*) 


MoUn^rfcetedM 


0.4(1681). 


Amgioli'na  (4  9\jL)^  daughter  of 
Loreda'na,  and  the  young  wife  of  Mari'no 
Faliero,  the  doge  of  Venice.  A  patrician 
named  Midiel  Steno,  having  behaved  in- 
decently to  some  of  Uie  women  assembled 
at  the  great,  civic  banquet  given  by  the 
doge,  wss  kicked  out  of  the  house  by 
order  of  the  doge^  and  in  revenge  wrote 
some  Bcnrrilons  lines  against  the  do^ 
ressa.  This  insult  was  referred  to  **  The 
Forty,**  and  Steno  was  sentenced  to  two 
months*  imprisonment,  which  the  doge 
considered  a  very  inadequate  punishment 
for  the  offence. — Byron,  Marino  Faticro. 

The  character  of  Uie  calm.  pure-Bpbited  Anglollna  b 
developed  moat  admlrablr.  The  great  diflbreoee  betveen 
her  temper  and  that  ot  her  flerr  hmband  k  vivldir  per- 
ln*ed,  but  not  leaa  vividly  toudted  is  that  BtrMig  bond  *4 
union  which  exUta  in  the  common  nobteneaof  Ihelr  deep 
aatorea.  There  k  no  epark  of  Jealoosv  in  the  oU  muin^ 
thooghtib  He  doea  not  expect  the  iarvoor  of  vouthftd 
paaakm  in  hia  jroung  vile ;  but  be  finds  what  bCtr  better— 
the  fearlea  oonSd«aoa  of  one  so  Innocent  that  abe  can 
aearoaljr  beSeve  in  Um  eadatenee  of  xuiiC  ...  She  tbiniu 
Bteno'a  fraateat  puniahnient  wiU  be  "  the  btaisbea  of  hb 
priraqr.*— Loekhart. 

Anglan'te's  liord,  Orlando,  who 
was  lord  of  AnglantS  and  kni^t  of 
Brava. — ^Ariosto,  Orlando  Furio90  (1516). 

An'glesey,  •>.  Angles  ek-land  (the 
island  of  the  English).  Edwin  king  of 
Northumberland,  "warred  with  them  that 
dwelt  in  the  Isle  of  Mona,  and  they 
became  his  servants,  and  the  island  was 
no  longer  called  Mona,  but  Anglesey,  the 
isle  of  the  English.'* 

An'^lides  (3  tv/.),  wife  of  good  prince 
Boud'wine  (2  syl.)^  brother  to  sir  Mark 
king  of  Cornwall  {**the  falsest  traitor 
that  ever  was  bom  **K  When  king  Mark 
slew  her  husband,  Anglides  and  her  son 
Alisaunder  made  their  escape  to  Magounce 
{ue,  Arundel)f  where  she  lived  in  peace, 
and  brought  up  her  son  till  he  received 
the  honour  of  knighthood. — SirT.  Malor}*, 
Hist.  ofPr,  Arthwr,  u.  117,  118  (1470). 

An'glo-ma'nia,  generally  applied  to 
a  French  or  German  imitation  of  the 
manners,  customs,  eto.,  of  the  English. 
It  prevailed  in  France  some  time  l^ore 
the  first  Revolution,  and  was  often  ex- 
tremely ridiculous. 

An'ffuisant,  king  of  Erin  {Ireland)^ 
subdued  by  king  A  rthur,  fighting  in  behalf 


AHQULB. 


40 


ANNIE  WINNIE. 


of  Leod'ogmn  king  of  Oam'eluud  (8  ayl,), 
—Tennyson,  Commg  of  King  Artkwr, 

An^Tule  {St,)f  bishop  of  London,  put 
to  death  by  Maximia'nns  HercaHius, 
Roman  general  in  Britain  in  the  reign  of 
Diocletian. 

Bt.  Angul*  pat  to  d«Uh.  one  of  our  boU«rt  nMO, 
At  Lowton,  of  thAt  ne  th«  fodlr  blriiop  then. 

DnjrUMi,  PolgotUon,  udr.  (IStt). 

AnffUrva'del,  Frithiofs  sword,  in- 
scribed with  Runic  chaimctars,  which 
bUzed  in  time  of  war,  bat  gleamed  dimly 
in  time  of  peace. 

AnimiLW  admitted  to  Heaven. 
According  to  the  Moslem's  creed,  ten 
animals  are  admitted  into  paradise  besides 
man.  1.  The  dog  Kratim,  of  the  seven 
sleepers  of  Ei^esus.  2.  Balaam's  ass, 
which  reproved  the  disobedient  prophet. 
8.  Solomon's  ant,  which  reproves  the 
slnggard.  4.  Jonah's  whale.  5.  The 
ram  of  Ismael,  caught  by  the  horns,  and 
offered  in  sacrifice  instead  of  Isaac. 
7.  The  camel  of  Saleb.  8.  The  cuckoo 
of  Belkis.  9.  The  ox  of  Moses.  10.  The 
animal  called  Al  Borak,  which  conveyed 
Mahomet  to  heaven. 

The  following  are  sometimes  added  or 
substituted : — 'Hit  ass  on  which  our  Saviour 
rode  into  Jerusalem ;  the  ass  on  which  the 
queen  of  Sheba  rode  when  she  visited 
Solomon. 

AnjOU  (  The  Fair  Maid  of),  lady  Edith 
Plant^net,  who  married  David  earl  of 
Huntingdon  (a  royal  prince  of  Scotland). 
Edith  was  a  kinswoman  of  Richard  Cceur 
de  Lion,  and  an  attendant  on  queen 
Bercngaria. 

%*  Sir  Walter  Scott  has  introduced 
her  in  The  Taiitman  (1825). 

Ann  (  Theprmcess)^  lady  of  Beaujeu. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Quentin  iWiMirt/  (time, 
Edward  IV.). 

Anna  (/>onna),  the  lady  beloved  by 
don  Otta'vio,  but  seduced  by  don  Gio- 
vannL — ^Mozart's  opera,  Iktk  Giovanni 
(1787). 

An'nabel,  in  Absalom  and  Aoki' 
topAeif  by  Dryden,  is  the  duchess  of 
Monmouth,  whose  maiden  name  was 
Anne  Scott  (countess  of  Buccleuch).  She 
married  again  after  the  execution  of  her 
faithless  husband. 

WiUi  Mcret  Jojr  tndulctnt  DatU  iCkartm  //.j  viowed 

HU  )roath(ktl  linac«  in  bb  ton  renewed ; 

To  all  hk  wlshee  iioUitng  be  denied. 

And  made  the  cbamiog  Apnabel  hia  bride. 

PMtL 

An'naple   [Bailzou],  Effie  Dean's 


"monthly"  nurse.— Sir  W.  Soott,  Beari 
of  Midtotkian  (time,  George  II.). 

An'naple,  nurse  of  Hobbie  Elliot  of  iho 
Heugh-foot,  a  young  farmer. — Sir  W. 
Scot^  Ute  Black  Dvcarf  (time,  Anne). 

Anne  (Sigter)^  the  sister  of  Fafima 
the  seventh  and  last  wife  of  Blue  Beard. 
Fatima,  having  disobeyed  her  lord  by 
looking  into  the  locked  chamber,  is 
lUlowed  a  short  respite  before  execution. 
Sister  Anne  ascends  the  high  tower  of  the 
casUe,  with  the  hope  of  seeing  her  brothers, 
who  were  expected  to  arrive  every  mo- 
ment. Fatima,  in  her  agony,  keeps  ask- 
ing **  sister  Aime"  if  she  can  see  them, 
and  Blue  Beard  keeps  crying  out  for  Fa- 
tima to  use  greater  despatch.  As  the 
patience  of  boUi  is  exhausted,  the  brothers 
arrive,  and  Fatima  is  rescued  from  death. 
— Oiarles  Pemult,  La  Barbe  Bieue, 

Anne,  own  sister  of  king  Arthur. 
Her  father  was  Uther  the  pendxagon,  and 
her  mother  Yffema,  widow  of  Gorlols. 
She  was  given  by  her  brother  in  marriage 
to  LoL  consul  of  Londonesia,  and  after- 
wards kin^  of  Norway. — Geoffrey,  British 
BistorVf  viii.  20,  21. 

\*  In  Arthurian  romance  this  Anne 
is  called  Margawse  {History  of  Prince 
Arthur.  L  2) ;  Tennyson  calls  her  Belli- 
cent  (Garetn  and  Lynette),  In  Arthurian 
romance  Lot  is  always  called  king  of 
Orkney. 

A»iM«  Queen  Anma'sFain^  Tour  thumb 
to  your  nose  and  fingers  spread. 

Annette,  daughter  of  Mathis  and 
Catherine,  the  bride  of  Christian,  captain 
of  the  patroL— J.  E.  Ware»  The  Polish 
Jew. 

Annette  and  Iiubin,  by  Marmon- 
tel,  imitated  from  the  Ik^niM  aad  Chloe 
of  Longos  {q.v,), 

An'nio  Ijau'rie,  eldest  of  the  three 
daughters  of  sir  Robert  Lajurie,  of  Max- 
welton.  In  1709  she  married  James  Fer- 
gusson,  of  Craigdarroch,  and  was  the 
mother  of  Alexander  Fer;^usson^the  hero 
of  Bums's  son|{  The  WhtstU.  The  sung 
of  An»Ue  Laurte  was  written  by  William 
Douglas,  of  Fiogland,  in  the  stewardry  of 
Kirkcud'bright,  hero  of  the  song  Willie 
was  a  Wanton  Wag,    (See  Whistle.) 

An'nie  Win'nie,  one  of  the  old 
sibyls  at  Alice  Gray's  death ;  the  other 
was  Ailsie  Gouriay.— Sir  W.  Scott;,  The 
Bride  of  Lammermoor  (time,  William 
UJ.). 


ANNUL 


41 


ANTHONKX 


Annir,  km^  at  Inu-thon*  (an  island 
«f  Scandinavia).  HebadtiroBon8(An[on 
ad  Rao)  and  one  dauf^ter.  One  day 
Ow^nalo,  a  neighbouring  diief,  came  and 
bcgiged  the  honour  of  a  tournament. 
AifOB  ffrauted  the  requeat,  and  overthrew 
Um,  w&di  ao  vexed  Uomialo  that  daring 
a  hcnt  be  ihot  both  the  l»otberB  secretly 
vifih  hit  bow.  Their  dog  Bona  ran  to 
the  palace,  and  howkd  so  as  to  attract 
attention ;  whereupon  Annir  followed  the 
hound,  aiid  found  both  his  sons  dead, 
sad  on  his  return  he  fnrtiier  found  that 
Conaalo  had  carried  off  his  daui^ter. 
Oscar,  son  €»f  Oasian,  led  an  army  against 
the  villain,  and  slew  him ;  then  kberating 
the  young  hidy,  he  took  her  back  to  Inis- 
ttoas,  and  deuvered  her  to  her  father. — 
(M  The  War  of  Inis-thona ''). 


An*iiophel,  daughter  of  Cas'silane 
(8  Ml.)  general  of  Candy. — ^Beaumont 
and  Fletcher,  JTke  Lam  of  Candy  (1647). 

A-na^l-m    prior*  of  St.  Dominic,  the 

confessor  of  king  Henry  lY. — Sir  W. 

Scott,   Th*  Fa^Jlaid  of  Ftrik   (Ume, 
Hmry  IV.). 

AuMAlTnA  (2  tyl,)^  father  of  Yal^ 
(S  ^.)  and  Mariane  (8  syU),  In  reality 
be  IS  aoo  Thomas  d*Alburci,  of  Naples. 
The  fiunily  were  exiled  from  Naples  for 
political  reasons,  and  being  shipwrecked 
wefe  all  parted.  Yalbre  was  picked  up 
bT  a  Snanish  captain,  who  adopted  him ; 


ilsnane 


fell  into  the  hands  of  a  corsair, 
who  krat  her  a  captive  for  ten  years,  when 
ibe  elraeted  her  escape;  and  Anselme 
vaadered  from  place  to  place  for  ten 
^euB,  when  he  settled  in  Puis^  and 
■tended  to  marry.  At  the  expiration  of 
■xteoi  years  they  all  met  in  Paris  at  the 
honse  of  Har'pajgon,  the  miser.  Yalbte 
WIS  in  love  with  Elise  (^  syL)f  the 
miser's  daughter,  promised  by  Harpagon 
in  marriage  to  Anselme  ;  and  Mariane, 
siianoed  to  the  miser's  son  Cl^ante  (2  ayL), 
was  sott^t  in  marriage  by  Harpagon, 
tte  old  father.  As  soon  as  Ansdme 
discovered  that  Yal^re  and  Mariane  were 
his  own  children,  nuUters  were  soon  amio- 
aUv  anuaged,  the  ^oung  people  married, 
sad  the  old  <mes  retired  from  the  unequal 
contest— MoU^re,  L'Avare  (1667). 


a  noble  cavalier  of 
Florence,  the'  friend  of  Lothario.  An- 
«lmo  manied  Gtmilla.  and  induced  his 
fMad  to  try  to  eofrupt  her,  that  he  mi^t 
her    incorruptible    fidehty. 


Udwie  unwillingly  undertook  the  task, 
sad  iaecesded  but  too  welL    for  a  time 


Anselmo  wsa  deceived,  but  at  Imgth 
Camilla  eloped,  and  the  end  of  the  nulv 
aibur  was  that  Anselmo  died  of  grief, 
Lothario  was  slain  in  battle,  and  Ca[milla 
died  in  a  convent. — Cervantes,  Don 
QmxoU^  I.  iv.  5, 6 ;  Fatal  OuriotUy  (1605). 

An'ster  {Hcb),  a  constable  at 
Kinross  villa^— Sir  W.  Scoti,  Tha 
Abbot  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Ant.  Ant^  eggs  are  an  antidote  to 
love. 

AnU  never  deep,  Emerson  says  this 
is  a  **  recently  observed  fact." — Naturef 
iv. 

Ani$  have  mmdf  etc,  "In  formica  non 
modo  sensus,  sed  etiam  mens,  ratio, 
memoria." — Pliny. 

Ant  {Soiomon*a)y  one  of  the  ten  ani- 
mals admitted  into  paradise,  according 
to  the  Koran,  ch.  xxviL   (See  Animals.) 

Ants  tay  up  a  store  for  the  winter. 
This  is  an  error  in  natural  history, 
as  ants  are  torpid  during  the  winter. 

AntSd'ofl.  m  gigantic  wrestler  of 
Libya  (or  Jrasea),  His  strength  was 
inexhaustible  so  long  as  he  touched  the 
earth,  and  was  renewed  every  time  he  did 
touch  it.  Her'cttlds  killed  hun  by  lifting 
him  up  from  the  earth  and  squeezing  him 
to  death.    (See  Malkokk.) 

Af  vbMi  eanhlifoii  Antaos  .  .  In  \nmm  stiov* 
With  ion'%  AkkMi.  and  oft  Iblkd.  ttUl  nnt. 
Beeatrtng  from  bb  mother  «aith  ntw  •trength, 
Fiwhfrom  hk  fiUl.  and  Serc«r  gniml*  Joliiid, 
Ihrottbd  at  knttb  r  the  ak.  «qilnd  and  ML 

MUton,  FmnMm  JigaiiKd.  hr.  (ICl). 

*«*  Similariy,  when  Bernardo  del 
Carpio  assailed  Orlando  or  Rowluid 
at  KoncesvaUcs,  as  he  found  his  body  was 
not  to  be  pierced  by  any  instrument  of 
war,  he  t<M>k  him  up  in  his  arms  and 
squeezed  him  to  death. 

N.B. — ^The  only  vulnerable  part  of  Or- 
lando was  the  sole  of  his  foot. 

Ante'nor,  a  traitorous  Trojan  prince, 
related  to  Priam.  He  advised  Ulyssds  to 
carry  away  the  palladium  from  Troy,  and 
whoa  the  wooden  horse  was  built  it  was 
Antenorwho  urged  the  Trojans  to  make  a 
breach  in  the  wall  and  drag  the  horse 
into  the  city.-^Shakespearv  has  intro- 
duced him  in  Trmlvs  ana  Crtsinda  (1602). 

Anthi'a^  the  lady  beloved  by  Abroc'- 
omas  in  tae  Greek  romance  called 
De  Amoribus  Anthia  et  Abrocoma,  by 
Xenonhon  of  Ephesus,  who  lived  in  ttie 
fourtn  Christian  century.  (This  is  not 
Xenophon  the  historian,  who  lived  b,c« 
444-8fi^.) 

Anthonio,  "the  merchant  of  Y»- 


ANTHONIO. 


42 


ANTIOPE. 


nice,**  in  Shakespeare^s  drama  so  called 
(1698).  Anthonio  borrows  of  Shylock, 
a  Jew,  8000  ducats  for  three  months, 
to  lend  to  his  friend  Bassanio.  The  con- 
ditions of  the  loan  were  these :  if  the 
mone^  was  paid  within  the  time,  only  the 
principal  should  be  returned ;  but  if  not, 
the  Jew  should  be  allowed  to  cut  from 
Anthonio*8  body  **  a  pound  of  flesh.*'  As 
the  ships  of  Anthonio  were  delayed  by 
contrary  winds,  he  was  unable  to  pay 
within  the  three  months,  and  Shylock 
demanded  the  forfeiture  according  to  the 
bond.  Portia,  in  the  dress  of  a  law- 
doctor,  conducted  the  case,  and  when  the 
Jew  was  about  to  cut  the  fle^h,  stopped 
him,  saying — (I)  the  bond  gaye  him  no 
drop  of  blood;  and  (2)  he  must  take 
nciuer  more  nor  less  than  an  exact 
pound.  If  he  shed  one  drop  of  blood  or 
if  he  cut  more  or  less  than  an  exact 
pound,  his  life  would  be  forfeit.  As  it 
was  quite  impossible  to  comply  with 
these  restrictions,  the  Jew  was  nonsuited, 
and  had  to  pa^  a  heayy  fine  for  seeking 
the  life  of  a  citizen. 

Anthi/niOf  the  usurping  duke  of  Milan, 
and  brother  of  Pros'pero  (the  rightful 
duke,  and  father  of  Miranda). — Shake- 
speare, Tha  Tempest  (1609). 

ArUfu/mOf  father  of  Protheus,  and 
suitor  of  Julia. — Shakespeare,  The  Tuco 
Gentlemen  of  Verona  (1694). 

An'thony,  an  English  arohcr  in  the 
cottage  of  farmer  Dickson,  of  Douglas- 
dale.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Castle  Dangerous 
(time,  Henry  I.). 

An'thontfj  the  old  postillion  at  M^ 
Dods's,  the  landlady  of  the  inn  at  St. 
Ronan's  Well.— Sir  W.  Scott,  St.  Bonan's 
WeU  (time,  George  III.). 

Antid'ius,  bishop  of  Jaen.  mar^Ted 
by  the  Vandals  in  411.  One  oay,  seeing 
the  deyil  writing  in  his  pocket-book  some 
sin  committed  by  the  pope,  he  jumped  upon 
his  back  and  commanded  hb  Satanic  ma- 
jesty to  cany  him  to  Rome.  The  devil 
tri^  to  make  the  bishop  pronounce  the 
name  of  Jesus,  which  would  break  the 
spell,  and  then  the  devil  would  have  tossed 
his  unwelcome  burden  into  the  sea,  but  the 
bishop  only  cried,  "  Gee  up,  devil ! "  and 
when  he  reached  Rome  he  was  covered 
with  Alpine  snow.  The  chronicler  naively 
adds,  **  the  hat  is  still  shown  at  Rome  in 
confirmation  of  this  miracle.** — General 
Chronicle  of  King  Alphonso  the  Wise, 

Antig'one    (4    «y/.),    daughter  of 


CE'dipos  and  Jocas'tS,  a  noble  maiden, 
with  a  truly  heroic  attachment  to  her 
father  and  brothers.  When  CFldipos  had 
blinded  himself,  and  was  obliged  to  quit 
Thebes,  Antigone  accompani^  him,  and 
remained  with  him  till  his  deiU^  when 
she  returned  to  Thebes.  Creon,  the  king, 
had  forbidden  any  one  to  bury  Polyni'o^ 
her  brother,  who  haSl  been  slain  by  his 
elder  brother  in  battle ;  but  Antigen^  in 
defiance  of  this  prohibition,  buried  the 
dead  body,  and  Creon  shut  her  an  in  a 
vault  under  ground,  where  she  killed 
herself.  Heman,  her  lover,  killed  him- 
self also  by  her  side.  Sophocles  has  a 
Greek  tragedy  on  the  subject,  and  it  has 
been  dramatized  for  the  English  stage. 

Then  Middeiily>— oh  i  .  .  .  what  •  revatetion  of  beantr  I 
forth  rtiiiped.  walUof  la  brigbtiMM,  Um  moat  fliultl—  ot 
Gredan  marMM.  lUa  Halmi  Faucet  ai  "Antlsoni.*' 
What  perfeetkMi  of  Athenian  aeulntiiral  the  noble 
figure,  the  lovely  amie,  the  fluent  drapetr !  What  an 
uovdling  of  the  atatoeeqae! . . .  PerfMt  in  una;  perfeet 
In  attitude.— l>e  Qulnoejr  (184BK 

The  Modem  Antiqoni,  Marib  Thdx^se 
Charlotte  duchcsse  d'Angouleme,  daugh- 
ter of  Louis  XVI.  and  Marie  Antoinette 
(1778-1851). 

Antig^onus,  a  Sicilian  lord,  com- 
manded by  king  Leontes  to  take  his 
infant  daughter  to  a  desert  shore  and  leave 
her  to  peri^.  Antigonus  was  driven  by  a 
storm  to  the  coast  of  Bohemia,  where  he 
left  the  babe ;  but  on  his  way  back  to 
the  ship,  he  was  torn  to  pieces  by  a 
bear.— Shakespeare,  Tiie  Winter's  Tale 
(1604). 

Anti^onus  (-Stn^),  an  old  man  with  a 
young  man's  amorous  passionr.  He  is 
one  of  the  four  kings  who  succeeded  to 
the  divided  empire  of  Alexander  the 
Great. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The 
Humorous  Lieutenant  (1647). 

Antin'ouB  (4  »y/.),  a  page  of  Had- 
rian the  Roman  emperor,  noted  for  his 
beauty. 

Antin'ous  (4  syL)*  son  of  Cas'silane 
(3  syL)  general  of  Candy,  and  brother 
of  An'nophel,  in  The  Laws  of  Caniy^  a 
drama  by  Beaumont  and  Fletdier  (1647). 

Anti'ochuB,  emperor  of  Greece,  who 
sought  the  life  of  Pericles  prince  of  Tyre, 
but  died  without  effecting  his  draire. — 
Shakespeare,  Perides  Prinoe  of  Tyre 
(1608). 

Anti'ox>e  (4  syl.)^  daughter  of 
Idom'eneus  (AsyU)  Aor  whom  Telem'adins 
had  a  tenare.  Mentor  approved  his 
choice,  and  assured  Telemacnns  that  the 
lady  was  designed  for  him  by  the  gods. 


ANTIPHOLUS. 


4$ 


ANTONT. 


Her  dumms  were  **  fhe  glowing  modesty 
of  her  coQiiteosoce,  her  silent  diffidence, 
■ad  her  sweet  icaenre ;  her  constant  at- 
tCfltioB  to  tapestnr  or  to  some  othemseful 
and  elegant  employment ;  hear  diligence 
in  hoiiaehold  adSatrs,  her  contempt  of 
inery  in  dress,  and  her  ignorance  of  her 
own  beauty.**  Tekmachus  says,  *<  She 
eneouages  to  industry  by  her  example, 
tveetesa  labour  by  Uie  melody  of  her 
Totoe,  and  excels  the  best  of  painters  in 
ti»  elegance  of  her  embroidery.** — 
7^ekm,  TO^naqme,  xxiu  (1700). 


r^Kill  ftnrhil  ha  had  found  In  Tbslnla  the 

«f    Anttopa    villi   tba  raMortiuia    and  tha 

«r  BadMsliL—AanMrdln  da  Si.  Plem,  Fmd 

QTmu 

Antiph'olUBy    the    name    of    two 
brothoB,  twins,  the  sons  of  iSge'on  a 
BCicfaaBt  of  Syracose.    The  two  brothers 
weie  dupwrecked  in  infancy,  and,  being 
picked  op  br  different  cruisers,  one  was 
csrried  to  Imaeose,  and  the  other  to 
EphesQS.      llie   Ephesian    entered    the 
MTTiee  of  tike  dnke,  and,  being  fortunate 
enoogh  to  save  the  duke*8  life,  became  a 
great  nan  and  married  well.    The  Syra- 
casiaa  Antipholos,  going   in  search  of 
kk  brother,  came  to  E^esus,  where  a 
icri»  of  blunders  occurs  from  the  won- 
derful likmess  of  tiie  two  brothers  and 
ftor  two  servants  called  Dromio.    The 
cuufasion    becomes   so    great   that  the 
Kph«>siim  is  taken  up  as  a  mad  man.    It 
so  happened  that  both  brothers  appeared 
before  the  duke  at  the  same  time ;  and 
the  exttaofdinary  likeness  being  seen  by 
sll,  the  cause  of  the  blunders  was  evident, 
and  everything  was    satisfactorily  ex- 
plained.— Shakespeare,  Comedy  of  Errors 
(15W). 

Anttph'Gny^   alternate    sinpng  of 

eppoote   dioirs,  as    when    psalms    are 

iatoaed  in  cathedrals. 

Oh  I  naaar  nuM  for  aw  ahan  windi  iBlona 

aatlphony. 


d  ataltmtkm 


Anton  {Sir),  Tennyson  says  that 
Merlin  gave  Arthur,  when  an  infant,  to  sir 
Anton  and  his  lady  to  bring  up,  and  Uiej 
bro^ht  him  up  as  their  own  son.  This 
does  not  correspond  with  the  History  of 
triaee  ArthtTy  which  states  that  he  was 
eommftted  to  the  c«rp  of  rir  Ector  and 
kis  lady,  whose  Bon,  sir  Key,  is  over 
md  over  sgain  called  the  prince*s  foster- 
brother.  The  History  furuiermore  states 
&st  Arthur  made  sir  Key  his  senrachal 
boosflr  he  was  his  foster-brother. 

>»  the  AM  «M  deOrared  unto  Meriln.  and  be  Un 
■■  farth  aalo  air  lelor.  and  uinda  a  boly 


Una.  and  named  him  "  Afthor."    And  w  sir  KetoKa  Vila 
DoorMMd  hhn  with  her  own  breaat.— Part  L  & 

So  ab-  Bolar  rode  to  the  Joata,  and  with  hhn  rode  dr 
Ker.  hia  am.  and  jroong  Arthur  that  waa  hia  nooilahed 
brother.— Dttta 

"Sir.*'  Mid  air  Ector.  "  I  vfO  aak  no  mora  of  yon  but 
that  foo  will  make  nqr  aon.  air  Kay,  your  fcrter- 
brother,  aeneschal  of  all  your  famda."  "  Thai  diall  be 
done."  aaid  Anbor  (eh.  4).— Sir  T.  Makry.  MUtorp  dJ 
Frtmet  Arthur  (147«^ 

Anton,  one  of  Henrv  Smith*8  men  in 
The  Fair  Maid  of  Perth,  by  sir  W. 
Scott  (time,  Henry  lY.). 

Anto'niady  the  name  of  Cleopatra's 
ship  at  the  battle  of  Actium,  so  named 
in  compliment  to  Mark  Antony. — Plu- 
tarch. 

Anto'nio,  a  sea  captain  who  saved 
Sebastian,  the  brother  of  Yi'ola,  jwhen 
wrecked  off  the  coast  of  Illyria. — 
Shakespeare,  TweiftA  Night  (1614). 

Anto^niOf  the  Swiss  lad  who  acts  as 
the  guide  from  Lucem,  in  sir  W.  Scott's 
Aime  of  Oeierstein  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Anti/mOy  a  stout  old  gentleman,'  kins- 
man of  Petruccio,  governor  of  ItoWna. — 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The  Chances 
(a  comedy,  before  1621). 

Antonio  (Don),  father  of  Carlos  a 
bookworm,  and  Clodio  a  coxcomb;  a 
tesbr,  headstrong  old  man.  He  wants 
Carlos  to  sign  away  his  birthright  in 
favour  of  his  younger  brother,  to  whom 
he  intends  Angelina  to  be  married ;  but 
Carlos  declines  to  ^ve  his  signature,  and 
elopes  with  Angelina,  whom  he  marries, 
while  Clodio  engages  his  troth  to  Elvira 
of  Lisbon. — C.  (Jibber,  Love  Makes  a 
Man* 

Antonio  {Don),  in  love  with  Louisa,  the 
daughter  of  don  Jerome  of  Seville.  A 
poor  nobleman  of  ancient  family. — 
Sheridan,  The  Duenna  (1778). 

Antonomas'ia  (The  princess), 
daughter  of  Archipiela,  king  of  Ciandaya. 
and  his  wife  Maguncia.  She  niarriea 
don  Clavijo,  but  the  giant  Halambru'no, 
by  enchantment,  changed  the  bride  into  a 
brass  monkey,  and  her  spouse  into  a 
crocodile  of  some  unknown  metal.  Don 
Quixote  mounted  the  wooden  horse 
Clavileno  the  Winged,  to  disenchant  the 
lady  and  her  husband,  and  this  he 
effected  "  simply  by  making  the 
attempt." — Cervantes,  Don  Quixote,  II. 
iu.  4,  5  (1615). 

Antony  {Saiat)  lived  in  a  cayem  on 


ANTONY  AND  CJSSAR. 


44 


APOLLO. 


the  summit  of  Cavadonga,  in  Spain,  and 
wa«  perpetually  annoyea  by  devils. 

OM  St  Antonhn  Irom  Um  b«n 
Of  hia  bevUdared  phantMqr  mm  fienda 
In  actuaJ  vMoii.  «  foul  throng  grotoqae 
or  All  horrtSe  ahnpai  and  fonn*  otMonie. 
Orowd  In  bnwl  day  belun  hb  open  fm. 

SoaUMgr.  MmitrUk,  tte.,  xvi  (181^ 

An'tony  and  CsBsar.  Macbeth 
says  that  '*  under  Banquo  his  own 
genius  was  rebuked  [or  snubbed],  aa  it  is 
said  Mark  Antony  s  was  by  Caesar " 
(act  iii.  sc.  1),  and  in  Antony  and  deo- 
palra  this  passage  is  elucidated  thus — 

Thy  dnnon.  Uwt'i  thy  spirit  which  liMps  tbM,  k 
Noble,  eounmut.  high,  unnuOeliable. 
Whara  Onoir  a  la  not :  but  naar  htm  tbj  •ngal 
Bacomaa  a  fear,  as  being  o'erpowared. 

AcCiLaa  1 

An'vil  (  The  Literary),  Dr.  Mayo  was 
so  c^ed,  because  he  bore  the  hardest 
blows  of  Dr.  Johnson  without  flinching. 

Aodh.,  last  of  the  Culdees,  or  primitive 
clergy  of  lo'na,  an  island  south  of 
Staia.  His  wife  was  ReuUu'ra.  Ulv^ 
fa'gre  the  Dane,  having  landed  on  the 
island  and  put  many  to  the  sword,  bound 
Aodh  in  chains  of  iron,  then  dragging 
him  to  the  church,  demanded  where  the 
^Hreasures  were  concealed.*'  A  mys- 
terious figure  now  appeared,  which  not 
only  released  the  priest,  but  took  the 
Dane  by  the  arm  to  the  statue  of  St. 
Columb,  which  fell  on  him  and  crushed 
him  to  death.  After  this  the  ** saint** 
gathered  the  remnant  of  the  islanders 
together,  and  went  to  Ireland. — Ounpbell, 
Jteullura, 

Aon'ian  Mount  {The)j  in  Boeo'tia, 
the  haunt  of  the  Muses.  Milton  says  his 
Muse  is  to  soar  above  "the  Aonian 
mount,**  i,e.  above  the  flight  of  fable  and 
classic  themes,  because  his  subject 
was  "Jehovah,  lord  of  aXW*— Paradise 
Lost,  i.  15  (1665). 

Ape  (1  ay/.),  the  pseudonym  of  M. 
Pellegrim,  the  caricaturist  of  Vanity 
Fair,  Dr.  Johnson  says  "^o  ape  is  to 
imitate  ludicrously ;"  whence  the  adoption 
of  the  name. 

Apes.  2b  lead  Apes  m  ir<^/,  to  die  an 
old  maid.  Thus  Fadladin'ida  says  to 
Tatbinthe  (8  syLy- 

Pltx  that  TOO  wboVe  Mrvad  m  long  and  vaO 
Should  die  a  riigln.  and  lead  apes  In  b«U  ; 
CbouM  fnr  yourself,  dear  girl,  our  empire  round. 
Your  portloo  is  tveive  hundred  tluNunnd  peud. 

H.  Carey.  Qhromomktitimtkokgtt. 
WooMD,  dying  maidB.  lead  apes  In  belL 

Tht  Landm  Prodigml,  L  t. 

Apelles  and  the  Cobbler.  A 
cobbler  found  fault  with  the  shoe-latchet 
of  one  of  Apelles*  pointings,  and  the  artist 


rectified  the  fault.  The  cobbler,  thinking 
himself  very  wise,  next  ventured  to 
criticize  the  legs  ;  but  Apelles  said,  Ne 
sutor  ultra  crepidnm  ("Let  not  the 
cobbler  go  beyond  his  last "). 

Within  that  range  of  erftidHi  where  all  m»  aqoaQr 
Jodns.  and  where  Crispin  ia  entitled  to  dtatttt*  to 
ApeUasL— Aieye.  Brit  Art.  "  " " 


Apelles,  When  his  famous  painting  of 
Venus  rising  out  of  the  sea  (hung  bv 
Augustus  in  the  temple  of  Julius  C«eaf) 
was  greatiy  injured  by  time,  Kcro  re- 
placed it  by  a  copy  done  by  Dorotheas. 
This  Venus  by  ApeUes  is  called  "  Venus 
Anadyom'endj**  his  model  (according  to 
tradition)  being  Oampaspd  (sfterwards 
his  wife). 

Apeman'tua,  a  churlish  Athenian 
philosopher,  who  snarled  at  men 
systematically,  but  showed  his  cjmicism 
to  be  mere  affectation,  when  Timoa 
attacked  him  with  his  own  weapons,— 
Shakespeare,  Timon  of  AUtems  (1600>. 

^  ed  melancholy  showed  Ilka  tb 

tmtraated   wUh  the  real  ml 


Al>lo'iiUEk  an  epicure  in  the  time  of 
Tiberius.  He  wrote  a  book  on  the  ways 
of  provoking  an  appetite.  Having  spent 
£800,000  in  supplying  the  delicaciee 
of  the  table,  and  havuig  only  £80,000 
left,  he  hanged  himself,  not  thinking  it 
possible  to  exist  on  such  a  wretched 
pittance.  Apida,  however,  became  a 
stock  name  for  certain  cakes  and  sauoee, 
and  his  name  is  still  proverbial  in  all 
matters  of  gastronomy. 

There  was  another  of  tiie  name  in  the 
reiffn  of  Trajan,  who  wrote  a  cooking 
book  and  manual  of  sauces. 

No  Brahmin  ooold  abominate  your  meal  moMthnn  I  do. 
Hirtias  and  Apiclus  would  have  bhwhcd  Ibr  It.  Mork 
Antony,  who  ruwted  edght  whole  bows  for  supper,  never 
oiaasscred  more  at  a  meal  than  yoo  have  done.— Ckimbar. 
land.  Th0  MuJUonaA/e  Z^mt.  L  1  (1780)^ 

Apollo,  the  sun,  in  Homeric  mytho- 
lo^  16  the  embodiment  of  practical 
wisdom  and  foresight,  of  swift  and  fitf- 
reaching  intelligence,  and  hence  of 
poetry,  music,  etc. 

The  Apollo  Belvidere,  that  is,  the  Apollo 
preserved  in  the  Belvidere  gallery  of  the 
Yatican,di8covered  in  1503  amidst  theruins 
of  An'tium,  and  purchased  by  pope  Julius 
II.  It  is  supposed  to  be  the  work  of 
Cal'amis,  a  Greek  sculptor  of  the  fifth 
century  b.c. 

The  Apollo  of  Actiton  was  a  gigantic 
statue,  which  served  for  a  beacon. 

The  Apollo  of  Rhodes^  usually  called  the 
colossus,  was  a  gigantic  bronze  statoe,  150 


APOLLTON. 


46 


AQUIUNB. 


CBik  bii^  made  by  Clutr^s,  a  pafol  of 
LfBpfNML  Aod  Mt  np  BX.  800. 

Ammaia  ctmaecratcd  to  ApolUK  the  cock, 
ihe  crow,  the  grmsafaopper,  the  hawk,  the 
mren,  tihis  swan,  and  the  wolf. 

ApoSl'ycm^  king  of  the  bottomleae 
pit;  iBtiodnccd  t^  Bnnjan  in  hia 
r^grmCt  Ptogrem,  Apollyon  encoanteia 
Ckrifltiam,  by  whom,  after  a  severe 
cooteat,  be  ia  foiled  (1«78). 

Apoetle  or  Patron  8amt  of~^ 


AsnoouSc. 


(dIcdtTSI.    Bcrdiy.Jd^ML 


M. 
ST. 


GaCU. 


Hb^. 


(dM  •»)■    Bfa  d^r,  Octo- 


(UM-UMV 
Hbdiv. 


JOO):  8t  lUitIn  dlf-vn. 


•H).     Hb    diir> 


(UM-VTtt. 

oflteUA 


;   8t  MktetL     San.  Jhomit  *; 


ItOl-aU) ;  Bvmrd  GOpfai  (lS17-inni 


IUTai,tLQ«a 


■riilOirti. 

.MB».    Hliil«7.F«linwyl4 
GNalw(dlBd4D.    Hb d^r, July tl 
(17W-UH). 

a:  8L  Andrew  JwttobBL 
at  Pntabon't.  Jalj  17. 

MioporYork(M7-M«]L 

fia^^Ht).    Hb  d^r.  Match  1. 

Apostle  of  Fioe  Trade,  Richard 
Cobden  (1804-1865).  John  Bri|^t  if 
also  ao  called  (1811-       ). 

Apnatfe/iHrt  Fathers  {The  jFIm): 
OflMBt  of  Rome.  Bam&bas,  Hennas, 
Igaatiiia^  and  Polycarp.  All  contem- 
poiary  with  the  apostles. 

Ap'lietlser.  A  Scotchman  being  told 
flat  the  birds  called  kittiewiaks  were  ad- 
mimble  appetisers,  ate  six  of  them,  and 
thn  complained  **he  was  no  hungrier 
flkaa  he  waa  before.** 

Apple  {Jpritkoc  AhmtcTs),  a  core  for 


erery  diaorder.— Ara&iitm  NighW  Enter-' 
tammtntM  (**  Ahmed  and  Pari-banou  **). 

Th$  Smffing  Apple,  the  perfect  em- 
belliaher  of  wit.  ft  would  persuade  by 
ita  smell  alone,  and  would  enable  the 
possessor  to  write  poetry  or  prose,  to 
make  people  laugh  or  cry,  and  dtscouraed 
anch  excellent  music  as  to  ravish  every 
one.— ^nntess  D*Aunoy,  Fatry  Talet 
(«« Gbeiy  and  Fairstar,*'  1682). 

Apples  of  Sodom  (called  by  Wit- 
man,  oranges)  are  the  yellow  fruit  of 
the  oAer  or  ashey  tree.  Tacitus  {Ifis- 
ton/,  ▼.  7)  and  Joseph  us  both  refer  to 
these  apples.  Thevenot  sa3rs,  "The 
fruit  is  lovely  [externally],  but  within  ia 
full  of  ashee." 


TlH  talt  of  lh«  odMT  oribhcir  ITM.  odM  *«  AiiylM  or 
Oraiiim  of  Bedom."  rtimbbt  a  anooCh  i4>pb  or  orani«, 
banfi  In  dnrtm  of  UirM  or  four  on  •  bmndi,  and  ta  of 
a  ydlow  eelonr  vban  rfp&  Upon  bainc  Mtwk  or 
prMwd.  H  explodea  wldi  a  puff,  and  b  nOmetd  to  th« 
ilnd  aadafaw  aima.  bdag  chb^  aOed  vllh  lir.— 
OaOrry  9f  Owyrnpfty,  811. 

Uka  to  tba  appbt  on  tha  Daad  Sna  rinra^ 
itoOMtaale. 

Barron.  OMlStEar^t*,  m.  U. 


Appttl'dnrcombe     (4 
Isle    of  Wight.     The  word 


tyL),    the 
Is  a  com- 


pound otapwdre-conAe  ("  valley  of  apple 
trees  "),  and  not  ypvU  dur  y  cum  (**  the 
Uke  in  the  valley^. 

April  Fool.  One  of  the  favour- 
ite London  jokes  waa  to  send  green- 
horns to  the  Tower,  "  to  see  the  lions 
washed." — See  Dictionary  of  Phrcue  and 
Fable. 


April    Showers. 
}tring  May  flowers. 


April    showers 


T. 


Swaat  April  thowon  do 
800  PoinU  of  Good  B\ 


Mar 


',  uxix.  (107). 


Aquarius,  Sagittarius.  Mrs. 
Browning  aaya  that  "Aquarius'*  ia  a 
symbol  of  man  bearimj,  and  **  Sa^ipt- 
tarius  ^  of  man  combatting.  The  passive 
and  active  forms  of  human  labour. 

Two  phantasnaof  two  otan. 
OnalhatMMtalM, 
And  on*  UMtstrivai,  ao  Um  andi 
or  manbood'a  cnna  of  bboor. 
B.  B.  Brovnlns.  4  ikmnM  4^  JEcOa  (UR). 


A'q^iilant,  son  of  Olive'ro  and 
Sigismunda;  a  knight  in  Qiarlemagne*a 
army«  He  was  called  "Mac^**  and  hia 
brother  Gryphon  **toAi(»,"from  the  colour 
of  their  armour. — ^Ariosto,  Orlando 
Fwrioso  (1616). 

A'quiline  (8  syl,)^  Raymond*a  steed, 
whoae  aire  waa  the  wind. — ^Taaao,  Jem^ 
salem  Delivered,  vii.  (1576). 

(Solinns,  Columella,  and  Varro  relate 
how  the  Lnaitanian  mares  "with  open 


AQUINIAN  SAGE. 


46 


AftC. 


mouth  against  the  breezes  held,  receive 
the  gales  with  warmth  prolific  filled,  and 
thus  inspired,  their  swelling  wombs  pro- 
duce the  wondrous  offspring." — See  also 
Virgil,  G^orgics,  iii.  266-288. 

Aquin'ian  Sage.  Juvenal  is  so 
called,  because  he  was  bom  at  Aqui'num, 
in  Latium  (fl.  a.d.  100). 

Arabella,  an  heiress  left  under  the 
guardianship  of  justice  Day.  Abel  Day, 
Uie  son  of  justice  Day,  aspires  to  her  hand 
and  fortune,  but  she  confers  both  with 
right  good  will  on  captain  Manly. — T. 
Knigh^  The  Bonest  Tfueves, 

Araljla  PeOix  {"'Arabu  the  UesV'). 
This  name  is  a  blunaer  made  by  Briti^ 
merchants,  who  supposed  that  the  precious 
commodities  of  India  bought  of  Arab 
traders  were  the  produce  of  Arabia. 

Aralbiaii  Bird  (77^),  the  phcenix,  a 
marvellous  man,  one  sm  generis, 

0  Antony  I  O  thou  knMma  bM  i 

Anfmif  a*Mt  Cleopatra,  act  ilL  •&  i. 


Araoh'ne  (3  syl.)^  a  spider,  a  weaver. 
"  Arachn^'s  labours,"  spinning  or  weav- 
ing. Arachn^  was  a  Lydian  maiden,  who 
challenged  Minerva  to  compete  with  her 
in  needle  tapestry,  and  Minerva  changed 
her  into  a  spider. 

Ho  oriflc*  for  •  point 
A«  nbtto  M  AnKhn«*s  krolMo  woof 
To  enter, 
flhakeqieare.  TnOm mmA  Crmtiu,  aetT.  w.  1  (M0»). 


AJtbS  {AJ)^  a  sort  of  limbo  between 
paradise  and  jchennam,  for  those  who 
die  without  sufficient  merit  to  deserve  the 
former,  and  without  sufficient  demerit  to 
deserve  the  latter.  Here  lunatics,  idiots, 
and  infants  go  at  death,  according  to  the 
Koran. 

Ar'afkt  (ITotm^,  a  granite  hill,  fifteen 
miles  south-east  of  Mecca,  where  Adam, 
conducted  by  Gabriel,  met  Eve,  after  a 
punitive  separation  of  200  years.  Every 
pilgrim  to  tnis  mount  enjoys  the  privileges 
of  a  Hadji. 

Aragnol,  the  son  of  Arachnd  (the 
"most  fine-fingered  of  all  workmen," 
turned  into  a  spider  for  presuming  to 
challenge  Minerva  to  a  contest  in  ne^e- 
work).  Aragnol  entertained  a  secret  and 
deadly  hatred  against  prince  Clarion,  son 
of  Muscarol  the  fly-kmg;  and  weaving 
a  curious  net,  soon  caught  the  gay  young 
fiutterer,  and  ^ve  him  his  death-wound 
by  piercing  him  under  the  left  wing. — 
Spenser,  MuicpoimoB  or  The  Butterfly's 
FaU  (1590). 

Aramin'ta^  the  wife  of  Moneytiap, 


and  friend  of  Clarissa  (wife  of  Cripe 
the  scrivener). — Sir  John  Vanbn^hf  The 
Confederacy  (1696). 

Aranza  {The  duke  of).  He  marries 
Juliana,  eldest  daughter  of  Balthazar. 
She  is  so  haughty,  arrogant,  and  over- 
bearing, that  f^r  the  marriage  he  takes 
her  to  a  mean  hut,  whidi  he  calls  his 
home,  and  pretends  to  be  only  a  peasant 
who  must  work  for  his  living,  and  gives 
his  bride  the  household  duties  to  perform. 
She  chafes  for  a  time,  but  firmness, 
manliness,  and  affection  win  the  day ; 
and  when  the  duke  sees  that  she  loves 
him  for  himself,  he  leads  her  to  his 
castle,  and  reveals  to  her  that  the  peasant 
husband  is  after  all  the  duke  of  Aranza. — 
J.  Tobin,  The  Honeymoon  (1804). 

Ar'aphil  or  Ar'aphill,  the  poetic 
pseudonym  of  Wm.  Habington.  Hit 
lady-love,  Miss  Lucy  Herbert,  he  calls 
Castara. 

Aras'pes  (3  syi.)^  king  of  Alexandria, 
who  joined  the  Egyraan  armament 
against  the  crusaders.— Tasso,  Jerusalem 
Delivered  (1675). 

Arba'oes  (3  syl,),  king  of  Ibe'ria,  in 
the  drama  called  A  King  or  no  King,  by 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher  (1619). 

Arbate  (2  syl.)^  governor  of  the  prince 

<rf  Ithaca,  in  Moh^re*s  comedy  La  PHn^ 

cesse  d Elide  (1664).     In  his  speech  to 

*'  Eurylc "  prince  of  Ithaca,  persuading 

him  to  love,  he  is  supposea  to  refer  to 

Louis  XIV.,  then  26  years  of  age. 

J«  dinl  qiM  ramour  riMl  bka  4  rm  parei] ... 
It  qnll  wt  naltM  qu*.  mum  Mre  Mnarm^ 
Un  JeiuM  prlnet  Mitt  et  gnnd  et  cte4r«nt. 

A«tLL 

Arbate^  in  Racine*s  drama  of  MUhrim 
date  (1673). 

Arnt>iter  .Sa'igantisd.    C.  Petro'- 

nius  was  appointed  dietator-in-chief  of 

the  imperial   pleasures  at  the  court  of 

Nero,  and  nothing  was  considered  comme 

Ufaui  till  it  had  received  the  sancti<m  of 

this  Roman  beau  Brumtnel, 

BehoM  the  new  Pattonln  of  the  diy. 
The  srUtcr  nf  pIflMura  and  of  play. 
I^vron.  eHjfti^  ktrds  ami  StttHtk  ' 


Arbre  Sec^  a  tree  supposed  to  have 
dried  up  and  withered  when  our  Lord  was 
crucified. — Mediaval  Tradition, 

Arbre  Sol  foretold,  with  audible 
voice,  the  place  and  manner  of  Alexander's 
death.  It  figures  in  all  the  fabulous 
legends  of  Alexander. 

Arc  (Joan  of)^  or  Jeanne  la  Puoelle, 
the  <<  Maid  of  Orieans,"  dau^^ter  of  a 


ASCADES  AMBO. 


47 


ARCHT  M<SARCASM. 


of  Domrdmyy  near  Vancoulenn.  in 
Fiance.  She  was  servant  at  an  inn  wnen 
ibt  eoDceived  the  idea  of  liberating  France 
fnxB  the  English.  Having  gained  ad- 
misBion  to  Charles  YII.,  she  was  sent  by 
him  ts  xaise  the  si^e  of  Orleans,  and 
sctoally  sacoeeded  in  so  doing.  Schiller 
has  a  tzagedy  on  the  subject,  Casimir 
Delavigne  an  el^y  on  her,  Sonthey  mi 
«ne  poem  on  her  life  and  death,  and 
Y<4taiie  a  borleaqne. 

In  r^ard  to  her  death,  M.  Octave 
Dclepa^re,  in  his  IkmU  Histonque,  denies 
the  tradition  of  her  having  been  burnt  to 
death  at  Rouen  j  and  Vignier  discovered 
is  a  family  muniment  chest  the  "contract 
of  marriage  between**  Robert  des  Armoise, 
knight,  and  Jeanne  d*Arc,  sumamed  **The 
Maid  <^  Orleans.** 

Ar'oadee  Ambo,  both  fools  alike ; 
bolh    "sweet    innocents 


1 


boUi   alike 


eccentric  There  is  nothing  in  the  cha- 
mctcr  of  Coiydon  and  Th^rsis  (Virgirs 
Edo^me^  vii.  4)  to  justify  this  disparage 
appbeataon  of  the  phrase.  All  YtigU 
says  is  ther  were  both  '*  in  the  flower  of 
thieir  ^onUi,  and  both  Arcadians,  both 
e^ual  m  setting  a  theme  for  song  or  cap- 
ping it  epignmmatically ; '*  but  as  Ar- 
cadia was  uie  least  intellectual  part  of 
Greece,  an  "  Arcadian  **  came  to  signify  a 
dunce,  and  hence  "Arcades  ambo**  re- 
cdved  its  present  acceptation. 


a  pastoral  romance  by  sir 
Philip  Sidney,  in  imitation  of  the  ifian'a 
«<  Montemayor  (sixteenth  century). 

Arcala'ns  (4  m^/.),  an  enchanter  who 
bomd  Am'adis  de  Gaul  to  a  pillar  in  his 
coQrtysrd^  and  administered  to  him  200 
stripes  with  his  horse's  bridle. — AnuwUs 
dr  Oital  (fifteenth  century). 

Arca'nee  (3  sy/.),  a  noble  soldier, 
fricod  of  Cas'silane  (3  syl.)  general  of 
Osady.— Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  Tha 
Xsvs  o/amdV  (1647). 

Ardhan'fl^oL  Burroughs,  the  puritan 
pfcacher,  called  Cromwell  "the  arch- 
angel that  did  battle  with  the  de\'iL*' 

Archaa,  "the  loyal  subject**  of  the 
gRst  duke  of  M oscovia,  and  general  of 
the  Mosoovitas.  His  son  is  colonel  Theo- 
dofe. 

Tcmmg  Arelku,  son  of  the  general. 
Dtflgaised  as  a  woman,  he  assumes  the 
Bsaie  of  Alinda. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher, 

ArdifaiBh'op  of  Qrana'da  told  his 
teentary,  Gil  Bum,  when  he  hired  him, 
"WhcMver  Ihon  shalt  perceive  my  pen 


smack  of  old  age  and  my  genius  flag, 
don*t  fail  to  advertise  me  of  i^  for  I  don  t 
trust  to  my  own  iudgment,  which  may  be 
sednced  by  self-love.**  After  a  fit  of 
apoplexy,  Gil  Bias  ventured  in  the  most 
delicate  manner  to  hint  to  his  grace  that 
"his  last  discourse  had  not  alt^^ether 
the  enerc^  of  his  former  ones.**  To  this 
the  archbishop  replied,  "You  are  yet  too 
raw  to  make  proper  distinctions.  Know, 
child,  that  I  never  composed  a  better 
homily  than  that  which  yon  disapprove. 
Go,  tell  my  treasurer  to  give  you  100 
ducats.  Adieu,  Mr.  Gil  Bias;  1  wish 
you  all  manner  of  prosperity,  with  a  little 
more  taste.'*— Lesage,  Gil  BUu,  vii.  8 
(1716). 

Ar'cher  {Frtmds)^  friend  of  Almwell, 
who  imns  him  in  fortune-hunting.  These 
are  the  two  "  beaux.**  Thomas  viscount 
Aimwell  marries  Dorinda.  the  daughter 
of  lady  BountifuL  Arcner  hands  the 
deeds  and  property  taken  from  the  high- 
wa3rmen  to  sir  (Carles  Freeman,  who 
takes  his  sister,  Mrs.  Sullen,  under  his 
charge  again.—George  Farquhar,  The 
Beaux'  Stratagem  (1707). 

Archibald  (John),  attendant  on  the 
duke  of  Argyle.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Heart 
of  Midlothian  (time,  (jeorge  II.). 

Arohixna'go,  the  reverse  of  holiness, 

and  therefore  Satan  the  father  of  lies 

and  all  deception.    Assuming  the  guise 

of  the  Red  Cross  Knight,  he  deceived 

Una;  and  under  the  guise  of  a  hermit,  he 

deceived  the  knight  mmself.    Archimago 

is  introduced  in  bks.  i.  andii.  of  Spenser's 

Faery  Queen,    The  po«>c  wrs : 

■ . .  M  ooold  taks 
Is  many  fonm  •nd  sbapM  In  neniing  vin 
AMtmr  Prutoot  to  hlanelf  e9iiU  makt: 
SooMthMi  a  fowl,  wotrmtimm  mlUhin  Wm^ 
Mow  Uke  •  fos.  now  like  a  dravon  feO. 

r.  rJb« /Wry  «MMi.  L  U.  10  (USS) 


Ar'ohyM*8ar'ca8m(i8iRr),  "sproud 
Odedonian  knight,  whose  tongue,  liae  the 
dart  of  death,  spares  neither  sex  nor  age . . . 
His  insolence  of  family  and  licentious- 
ness of  wit  gained  him  tiie  contempt  of 
every  one  **  (i.  1).  Sir  Ardiv  tells  Char- 
lotte. "  In  the  house  of  M*Sarcasm  are 
twa  barons,  three  viscounts,  six  earls,  ane 
marquisate,  and  twa  dukes,  besides  baro- 
nets and  lairds  oot  o*  a'  reckoning  **  (i.  1 ). 
Ue  makes  love  to  Charlotte  (loodchild, 
but  supoosing  it  to  be  true  that  she 
has  lost  her  fortune,  declares  to  her  that 
he  has  just  received  letters  "frae  the 
dukes,  the  marquis,  and  a'  the  dignitaries 
of  the  family  .  .  .  expressly  nxMii biting 
his  eotttaminating  the  blood  of  Jl*8aicasm 


ARCHTTAS. 


4» 


ARETHUSA. 


wV  onything  sprang  from  a  hogshead  or 
a coonting- house**  (ii.  1). 

Hie  tama  tuu  loinetlihig  droll.  MMnothIng  ridlealoaa  la 
blm.  Hli  abamliwble  Souteh  aorant,  bla  grotMqae  rtwaa 
•Imoft  barM  ia  nrair.  the  roll  erf  hit  eyw  and  twirt  of  bi» 
inoutL.  hl«  ■timngB  bibuntaui  kuidi,  bU  tranwndoiu  peri- 
wig, and  bit  maiiBen  ■ItoBether— whjr,  one  might  take  blm 
lor  a  moontebank  doctor  at  a  Diitdi  bir.— C  MackUn, 
Xeve  «>-/•■  wade.  L  1  (177B). 

Sir  Archifs  Qreat^grandmother*  Sir 
tArchy  M^Sucasm  insbted  on  fighting  sir 
Callaghau  O^rallaghan  on  a  point  of 
ancestry.  The  Scotchman  said  that  the 
Irish  are  a  colony  from  Scothtnd,  *'an 
ootcasL  a  mere  ootcast.**  The  Irishman 
retorted  by  saying  that  *'  one  Mac  Fergus 
0*Brallagfian  went  from  Carrickfergus, 
and  peopled  all  Scotland  with  his  own 
hands."  Charlotte  [Goodchild]  inter- 
posed, and  asked  tiie  cause  of  the  con- 
tention, whereupon  sir  Callaghan  replied, 
.**  Madam,  it  is  about  sir  Archy*s  great- 
grandmother.**— 43.  Macklin,  Looe  a-la^ 
mode,  L  1  (1779). 

We  rfian  not  turn  ttajr  to  qaanel  about  ilr  JMbf* 
gnat-gnmdnwUher.—Manpherywi.    Mmtrtatim    t^m 

Archy'tas  of  Tarentum  made  a 
wooden  pigeon  that  could  fly ;  and  Regio- 
monta'nus,  a  German,  made  a  wooden 
eagle  that  flew  from  Roenigsberg  to  meet 
the  emperor,  and,  having  saluted  him, 
returned  whence  it  set  out  (1436-1476). 


Tbit  engliic  majr  be  eontrtTed  fhim  the  tame  prlndplet 
bf  whieh  Arehylat  made  a  wooden  dore.  and  Rcgioaioo. 
taaut  a  wooden  ei«lt.— Dr.  John  WUklnt  (1814-167:2). 

Ar'oite  (2  syL)  and  Fal'amon^o 
Theban  knights,  captives  of  duke  The- 
seus, who  UMd  to  see  from  their  dungeon 
window  the  duke*s  sister-in-law,  Emily, 
taking  her  airing  in  the  palace  garden, 
and  fell  in  love  with  her.  Both  captives 
having  gained  their  liberty,  contended 
for  the  lady  by  single  combat.  Arcite 
was  victor,  but  being  thrown  from  his 
horse  was  killed,  and  EmUy  became  the 
bride  of  Palamon. — Chaucer,  Canterbury 
Tales  ("The  Knight's  Tale,"  1388). 

Richard  Edwainls  in  156C  produced  a 
drama  entitled  Fcdcanon  and  Arcite, 

Aroit'eneiiBy  the  zodiacal  sign  called 
the  Archer. 

Suftt  Atiea,  TMira,  Oemfni.  Cbnoer.  Leo,  Vim. 
Llbrafliw.  Soorpbit,  Ardteneiit,  Gaper.  Ampbon^  Plmi. 

Ar'don  {Enoch),  the  hero  of  a  poetic 
tale  by  Tennyson.  He  is  a  seaman 
wreckal  on  a  desert  island,  who  returns 
home  after  the  absence  of  several  years, 
and  finds  his  wife  married  to  another. 
Seeing  her  both  happy  and  prosperous, 
Enoch  re8ol\ws  not  to  mar  her  domestic 
peace,  so  he  leaves  her  undisturbed,  and 
dies  of  a  broken  heart. 


Ar'den  of  Fev'ersham,  a  noble  cha- 
racter, honourable,  forgiving,  affectionate, 
and  modest.  His  wife  Alicia  in  her  sleep 
reveals  to  him  her  guilty  love  for  Mosby, 
but  he  pardons  her  on  condition  that 
she  will  never  see  the  seducer  again. 
Scarcely  has  she  made  the  promise 
when  she  plots  with  Mosby  her  hns- 
band*s  murder.  In  a  plaimed  street- 
scufile,  Mosbv  pretends  to  take  Arden*t 
part,  and  thus  throws  him  oif  his 
guard.  Arden  thinks  he  has  wronged 
him,  and  invites  him  to  his  house,  but 
Mosbv  conspires  with  two  hired  rufilans 
to  ml  on  nis  host  during  a  game  of 
draughts,  the  right  moment  being  signified 
by  Mosby's  saying,  "  Now  I  take  you.** 
Arden  is  murdered ;  but  the  whole  gang 
is  apprehended  and  brought  to  justice. 

(Tnis  drama  is  based  on  a  murder 
whidi  took  place  in  1551.  Lndwig  Tieck 
has  translated  the  play  into  German,  as  a 
genuine  production  of  Shakespeare.  Some 
ascribe  the  pla^  to  George  Lillo,  but 
(3iarles  Lmud  gives  1592  as  the  date  of 
its  production,  and  says  the  author  is 
unknown.) 

Ardenne  {Water  of).  This  water 
had  the  power  of  converting  love  to  hate. 
The  fountain  was  made  bv  Merlin,  to  cure 
sir  Tristram  of  his  love  for  Isolt  (but  sir 
Tristram  never  drank  of  it).  It  is  men- 
tioned by  Bojardo  in  Orlanao  Irmamorato, 
Nepenth6  (3  «y/.)  had  the  contrary  effect, 
viz.,  turning  hatred  to  love,    (See  Nb- 

PEMTHB.) 

.  .  .  that  Hune  watar  «f  ArdeniMk 
The  whicb  Rtnaldo  drank  In  bappjr  boor, 
Deteribed  bjr  that  funoot  Tutcan  pen. 
.  .  .  It  lad  the  power  to  change  tbobflartiefinaa 
Fft>*  bire  to  hate. 


;  Th$  Fainf  Q^wn,  tr.  fl  (IflM). 

Ardven,    west    coast    of    Scotland 

(Argyleshire  and  its  vicinity). 

"  Got" . . .  taM  Btamo ;  **go  to  Ardven't  tta  tuiroiiiidt4 
rack*.  Ten  ttte  king  of  Selma  {Ftntml,  thm  capital  ^f 
wAoM  JUnpdom  w«u  Jtaltwi] ...  I  give  to  biw  m^daugh* 
ter.  the  kiveliest  maid  that  ever  heaved  a  bteattof  mmw. 
Her  annt  are  white  at  the  foam  of  my  wave^  Her  eoul 
it  generout  and  mUd."— Ocifan  ("  PIngal,''  BL). 

Areousld,  the  Indian  war-god,  war, 
tumult. 


A  cty  of  Areoodd  broka  our  I 
CanqibeU.  ifertrudt  ^  W^tmimg^  L  18(1800). 

Arethu'say  daughter  of  the  king 
Messi'na,  in  the  drama  called  Philaster  or 
Love  Lies  a-bieeding,  by  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher  (1688). 

Arethusa,  a  nymph  pursued   by  Al-  . 
phSos  the  river-god,  and  changed  into  a 
fountain  in  the  island  of  Ortygia;  but 
the    river-ffod   still    pursued    her,    ond 
mingled  his  stream  with  the  fotmtain, 


ARETHU3E. 


4B 


ARGILLAN. 


„  «,..,  "Kke  friends  once  parted 
nown  nnfrle-heartcd,**  they  leap  and 
low  and  alomber  together,  "  like  spirits 
that  lore  but  live  no  more.** 

V  This  fable  has  been  exquisitely 
tamed  into  poetry  by  Percy  B.  Shelley 
{ArtUmaOy  1820). 

Arotbu'se  (4  $yl.\  a  Syracnsian 
fbontain^  especially  noted  becanso  the 
poet  Thioc'ntos  was  bom  on  its  banks. 
Miltoa  alludes  to  it  in  his  Lyifidas,  ▼.  85. 

Argali'a.  brother  of  Angelica,  in 
Ariosto*s  Oriamdo  Furitm  (1516). 

Ar'gan,  the  malads  tmagmcure  and 
tiUherof  Angelique.  He  is  introdaced  tax- 
ing his  apothecary's  bills,  nnder  the  con- 
rictioa  tnat  he  cannot  afford  to  be  sick 
at  the  prices  charged,  bat  then  he  notices 
that  he  has  already  reduced  his  bills 
daring  the  cnrrent  month,  and  is  not  so 
welL  He  first  hits  upon  the  plan  of 
marrying  Angelique  to  a  youn^  doctor, 
bot  to  this  the  lady  obiects.  His  brother 
soggests  that  Argan  himself  should  be 
his  own  doctor,  and  when  the  invalid 
replies  be  has  not  studied  either  diseases, 
dngs,  or  Latinj  the  objection  is  over- 
lalsd  by  investing  the  "malade**  in  a 
iioeUH^B  cap  and  robe.  The  piece  con- 
dades  with  the  ceremonial  in  macaronic 


*^  When  Aigan  asks  his  doctor  how 
ly  grauu  of  Mlt  he  ought  to  eat  with 
an  1^,  the  doctor  answers,  **  Six,  huit, 
£x,  etc,  par  les  nombres  pairs,  comme 
dans  ks  m^caments  par  Ins  nombres 
impsirB.*^ — ^Moli^re,  LeMaiadcImagincure^ 
n,  9  (1673). 

Argante  (3  tpL)^  a  ^pantess  called 
^  the  very  monster  and  miracle  of  lust.** 
She  and  her  twin-brother  CHlyphant  or 
(Hiphant  were  the  children  of  Typhce'us 
sad  Earth.  Argant^  used  to  carry  off 
jToong  men  as  her  captives,  and  seized 
"the  Sqnire  of  Dames**  as  one  of  her 
Tictims.  The  squire,  who  was  in  fact 
Britomart  (the  heroine  of  chastity),  was 
delirend  by  sir  Sat'^yrane  (3  syL), — 
Spenser,  /brry  Queen,  lii.  7  (1590). 

Argani^  (2  »yl.),  father  of  OcUve  (2 
ijrf.)  sod  Zerbinette  (3  ayL),  He  pro- 
MisQi  to  gire  his  daughter  Zerbinette  to 
Uaodre  ^  <y/Ot  ^^  *ob  of  his  friend 
G^roote  h  iyL)  ;  bat  during  his  absence 
sbrosd  me  yoon^  people  fall  in  love 
inknown  to  their  respective  fathers. 
Botii  lathers  storm,  and  toreaten  to  break 
off  the  engsgem«it,  bat  are  delighted 
^rood  meosore  when  they  dlscovw  that 


the  choice  of  the  yonn^  people  has 
knowingly  coincided  with  their  own.— 
Moli^re,  Let  Fourberies  de  Scapin  (1671). 

(Thomas  Otway  has  adapted  this  plar 
to  the  English  stage,  and  called  it  T^ 
Cheats  of  Scapin.  **  Argante  '*  he  calls 
Thrifty:  "(Wronte**  is  Gripe;  »* Zerbi- 
nette **  he  calls  Lucia ;  and  **  Leandre  ** 
he  Anglicises  into  Leander,) 

Argan'tes  (3  syl,),  a  Circassian  of 

high  rank  and  undoubted  courage,  but 

fierce  and  a  great  detester  of  the  Naza- 

renes.    ArgaatSs  and  Solvman  were  on- 

doubtedlv   the    bravest   heroes    of    the 

infidel    host.      Argante   was    slain   by 

Rinaldo,   and   Solvman   by   Tancred.— > 

Tasso,  Jerutalem  Delivered  (1575). 

Ecasparte  alood  bafar*  the  daputiM  UIm  Um  Ajfuit4t 
of  ItaljrVhfVofc  ptMC-Or  W.  SoiHL 


Ar'gfenis,  a  political  romance  by 
BarcUy  (1621). 

Ar'genk  {The  hails  of).  Here  are 
portrayed  all  the  various  creatures  that 
inhabited  this  earth  before  the  creation  of 
Adam.— W.  Beckford,  Vathek  (1784). 

Ar'^ntile  (3  sy/.),  daughter  of  king 
Adelbnght,  and  ward  of  £del.  Curan,  a 
Danish  prince,  in  order  to  woo  her,  became 
a  dmdge  in  her  house,  but  being  obliged 
to  quit  her  service,  became  a  shepherd. 
Edel,  the  guardian,  forcing  his  suit  on 
Argentile,  compelled  her  to  flight,  and 
she  became  a  neatherd's  maid.  In  this 
capacity  Curan  wooed  and  won  her. 
Edel  was  forced  to  restore  the  possessions 
of  his  ward,  and  Curan  became  king  of 
Northumberland.  As  for  Edel,  he  was 
put  to  death. — William  Wamer,  Albion*t 
England  (1586). 

Ar'gentin  {Le  tiew  d* ),  one  of  the 
officers  of  the  duke  of  Bnrpmdy. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Anne  of  Oeierstein  (time,  Edward 
IV.).    • 

Aree'o,  baron  of  Servia  and  husband 
of  Gabrina.  (See  Dictionary  of  Phrase 
and  Fable.) — ^Ariosto,  Orkmdo  Furioso 
(1516). 

Arges'tes  (3  syl.)^  the  west  wind. 

WlncM  ArgMtM,  (aIi*  Auront's  tooiM, 
Ueennd  that  dojr  to  tmre  hit  ducaeon, 
li««U>  attwfed. 
Wm.  Brovoo.  erUannia"*  PatCorais,  IL  6  (ISO). 

Arget'tes  (3  sy/.),  the  north-east  wind ; 
Cse'cias,  the  north-west ;  Bo'reas,  the  full 
north. 

Bow  I  and  Cwcfau  and  Argmtm  loud 
.  .  .  rand  the  woods,  and  tnw  upturn. 

MUton.  rmradit*  Utt.  a.  OBB,  tic.  aMB). 

Ar'gillan,  a  haught}-,  turbulent 
knight,  bom  on  the  banks  of  the  Trent. 


ABGON  AND  RUBO. 


fiO 


ARIMASPIAKS. 


He  induced  the  Latians  to  lerolt,  was 
arrested,  mode  his  escape,  but  was  ulti- 
mately slain  in  battle  by  Solyman. — 
Tasso,  Jerusalem  Delivered^  viii.  ix. 
(1675). 

Argon  and  Ruro,  the  Uro  sons  of 
Annin  king  of  Inis-thona,  an  island  of 
Scandinavia.  Cor'malo,  a  neighbouring 
chief,  came  to  the  island,  and  asked  for 
the  honour  of  a  tournament.  Ar^on 
granted  the  request,  and  overthrew  him, 
and  this  so  vexed  Cormalo  that  during  a 
hunt  he  shot  both  the  brothers  with  his 
bow.  Their  dog  Runo,  running  to  the 
hall,  howled  so  as  to  attract  attention,  atid 
Annin,  following  the  hound,  found  hij 
two  sons  both  dead.  On  his  return  he 
discovered  that  Cormalo  had  run  off  with 
his  daughter.  Oscar,  son  of  Ossian,  slew 
Cormalo  in  fight,  and  restored  the  daugh- 
ter to  her  father.— Owian  ("The  War  of 
Iiiis-thona**). 

Arg^uri  (in  Russian  Armenia),  tra- 
ditionally where  Noah  first  planted  the 
vine.  {Argh  urri,  *'he  planted  the  vine.") 

Ar'gUB,  the  turf-writer,  was  Irwin 
Willes,  who  died  in  1871. 

Argyle'  {Mac  Callwn  More^  duke  of)y 
in  the  reign  of  George  I. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Jiob  Hoy  (1818). 


10,  In  the  rdsD  off 

iitary  f 
$  oaDed  "  GiUeople  Granuidi ; "  'hedt«al-«  hlmwlf.  and 


Mae  Cmllum  Man,  marqui$  <^f  Arpul 
Oharlen  L ,  «w  ooimnMidw  of  tb«  pftrlumeiitarv  forces,  nnd 


wnimea  Um  mme  of  Murdoefa  CMnplivU.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Ufmtd  qf  Mvntrmt  (181»). 

(Duke  and  duchess  of  Arapie  are  intro- 
duced also  in  the  J/eart  of  Midlothian^  by 
sir  W.  Scott,  1818.) 

Ariad'ne  (4  ^/.),  daughter  of  Minos 
king  of  Crete.  She  gave  Theseus  a  clew 
of  Uiread  to  guide  him  out  of  the  Cretan 
labyrinth.  Theseus  married  his  deliverer, 
but  when  he  arrived  at  Naxos  {Dia)  for- 
sook her,  and  she  hung  herself. 

Surdjr  H  b  an  Arladti*.  .  .  .  Tb«n  h  dawning  woomih 
hood  tn  ererj  Una ;  bat  Ait  knowi  nochtag  of  Naxot.— 
OvMk,Ariadni.\,\. 

Aria'na.  an  ancient  name  of  Khoras- 
san,  in  Persia. 

Ar'ibert,  king  of  the  Lombards  (658- 
661),  left  "  no  male  pledge  behind,"  but 
only  a  daughter  named  Rhodalind,  whom 
he  wished  duke  Gondibeit  to  marry,  but 
the  duke  fell  in  love  with  Bertha,  daugh- 
ter of  As'trngon,  the  sage.  The  tale 
being  unfinished,  the  sequel  is  not  known. 
— SirW.Davenant,  Gondibcrt  {di^A  1668). 

Arioo'niuniy  Kenchester,  in  Here- 
ford, on  the  Ine.   Here  Offa  had  a  palace. 


In  poetry,  Ariconinm  meant  Hereford* 
shire,  noted  for  its  wool. 

I  \Btrm^'\caainA 
Um  SnK!bh  mrtcluutt.  wUh  the  btuom  %mm 
Qi  fertUe  Ariconluiu.  wtille  1  dolhe 
BuimUko  U^p  [rotund  attd  Mumtml 

Akoiuido,  UgmM  to  tkt  JTmladM. 

Aridens  [A,ree',de,u8'],  a  herald  in 
the  Christian  army. — Tasso,  JeruacUem 
Dclw^r^i  (1575). 

A'riel,  in  The  Tempest^  an  airy  spirit, 
abltf  io  aK9ume  any  shape,  or  even  to  be- 
come invisible.  He  was  enslaved  to  the 
witch  Sv  c'orax.  mother  of  Cal'iban,  who 
ovcrtaslced  the  little  thing,  and  in  punish- 
ment for  not  doing  what  was  bevond  his 
strength,  imprisoned  him  for  twelve  years 
in  the  rift  of  a  pine  tree,  where  Csliban 
delighted  to  torture  him  with  impish 
cruelty.  Prospero,  duke  of  Milan  and 
father  of  Miranda,  liberated  Ariel  from 
the  pine-rift,  and  the  grateful  spirit  served 
the  duke  for  sixteen  years,  when  he  was 
set  free. 

And  like  ArM  in  the  dorcn  pine  tree. 
For  its  fkeedom  graam  and  tighe. 

Longfellow,  Th»  OtUtn  ITifaetoiM. 

A'rieL  the  s}'lph  in  Pope*s  Eape  of  the 
Lock,  llie  impersonation  of  **  fine  life  " 
in  the  abstract,  the  nice  adjuster  of  hearts 
and  necklaces.  When  disobedient  he  is 
punished  by  being  kept  hovering  over 
the  fumes  of  the  chocolate,  or  is  trans- 
fixed with  pins,  clogged  with  pomatums, 
or  wedged  in  the  eyes  of  bodkms. 

il'riW,  one  of  the  rebel  angels.  The 
word  means  "  the  Lion  of  God."  Abdiel 
encountered  him,  and  overthrew  him. — 
Milton,  Pardiae  Lost,  vi.  871  (1665). 

Ariman'es  (4  5v/.),  the  prince  of  the 
powers  of  evil,  introduced  b/Hyron  in  his 
drama  called  Manfred,  The  Persians 
recognized  a  power  of  good  and  a  power 
of  evil :  the  former  Yesad,  and  the  latter 
Ahriman  (in  Greek,  Oroma'zes  and  Ari- 
man'nis).  These  two  spirits  are  ever  at  war 
with  each  other.  Oromazes  created  twenty- 
four  good  spirits,  and  enclosed  them  in  an 
egg  to  be  out  of  the  power  of  Ariman^ ; 
but  Arimant'S  pierced  the  shell,  and  thns 
mixed  evil  with  every  good.  However, 
a  time  will  come  when  Ariiuanes  shall  be 
subjected,  and  the  earth  will  become  a 
perfect  paradise. 

Arimas'pians,  a  one-ej'ed  people  of 
Scvtbia,  who  adorned  their  hair  with 
gold.  As  gold  mines  were  guarded  by 
Gryphons,  there  were  perpetuaT  conten- 
tions between  Uie  Arimaspians  and  the 
Gryphons.     (See  Ghyphon.) 

Arinuwpl.  qooe  diximw  ono  ocolo  tai  fhmle 


ABIOCH. 


ABISTOMKNES. 


nfimtihni,  laaltl.  «d  tai 
et  ArlitJBM  PrgowwJMi  tcrUmnt.— 
vILt. 

Ar^ooh  C'  a  feroe  /km**),  one  of  the 
fiUai  angels  oreithrown  by  Abdiel.— 
Milton,  Paradise  Lott,  Ti.  871  (1666). 

Ariodan'tee  (5  syL),  the  beloved  of 
Geoen'imY  a  Scotch  pnocese.  Geneum 
bexiif  aocosed  of  incontinence,  Ariodant^ 
•tood  forth  her  chjunpion,  vindicated  her 
innocence,  and  married  her. — ^Arioeto, 
OrUmdc  F^trioao  (1516). 

Ali'on.  l^lUiam  Falconer,  author  of 
Tke  Skipvreck,  speaks  of  hinuelf  under 
this  iHNi  de  plume  (canto  iii.).  He  was 
mat  to  sea  iHien  a  lad,  and  says  he  was 
esger  to  inrestagate  the  "antiquities  of 
forajm  states.**  He  was  junior  officer  in 
the  BrittumiOf  which  was  wrecked  against 
the  projecting  Ter;p  of  cape  Colonna,  the 
most  soathem  point  of  Attica,  and  was 
tiw  only  officer  who  survived. 


Ihr  voM,  Alloa,  aad  thy  f 

Cr«r  ■■  dM  bMrtt  duUl  trionph  anS  prarafl. 


Arfom,  a  Greek  musician,  who,  to  avoid 
being  mnrdered  for  his  wealth,  threw 
kisuelf  into  the  sea,  and  was  carried  to 
Tsi^Baros  on  the  back  of  a  dolphin. 

ArfiMy  the  wonderful  horse,  which  Her- 
esies gave  to  Adrastos.  It  had  the  gift 
cf  huBBn  speedi,  and  the  feet  on  the  right 
Bde  were  the  feet  of  a  man. 

(One  of  the  masques  in  sir  W.  Scott*s 
EmOwora  is  called  *'  Arion.**) 

Azio'sto  of  the  ITorth,  sir  Walter 

Seott  (1771-1832). 

Oh*  f  be  ArfHto  oflhs  Vocflk 

f,  rnwri  %ai  knigli^  varth. 
Brroa,  CkUda  Uai^d,  tf.  40. 


"as,  protector  of  vines  uid 
<dives,  huntsmen  and  herdsmen.  He  in- 
stracted  man  also  in  the  management  of 
bees,  taoght  him  by  his  mother  CyrCn& 

C^naS.  vCaha  ban  Um  pWadta  tala 
or  hii  lart  baei  to  her  awtcraal  oar. 


Aristar'chtiB,  any  critic     Aristar- 

dins  of  Samothrace  was  the  greatest  critic 

of  sntiqnitv.     His  labours  were  chiefly 

directed  to  tlbe  Hiad  and  Odyssey  of  Homer. 

He  divided  them  into  twenty-four  books 

eech,  marited  every  doubtful  line  with  an 

obelof,   and   every    one    he   considered 

^edally    beantiful    with    an    asterisk. 

(FT.  me.  156  ;  died  aged  72.) 

of  bcBK  tttumtmrnaitraurlu^m- 

ISiaUoat 


liar.LL 

"Bow.  friMd.-  laplM  tba  aichbUwp.  "has  It  TAa 
kowUlf]  mat  wHk  aigr  Arfatafchas  Immt*  mittelt"— 
,  0«  Slaa,  TlL  4  (171SV. 


Ariste  (2  syL)^  brother  of  Chrysale 
(2  syL),  not  a  savant,  but  a  practical 
tradesman.  He  sympathizes  with  Hen- 
riette,  his  womanly  niece,  against  his 
sister-in-law  Philaminte  (3  syL)  and  her 
daughter  Armando  (2  syL).  who  are 
femmes  Sizoan^.^Molibre,  Les  Femmtes 
SavatUes  (1672). 

Ariste'aSy  a  poet  who  continued  to 
ampear  and  disapoear  alternately  for  above 
400  years,  and  who  visited  all  the  mjihi- 
cal  nations  of  the  earth.  When  not  in 
the  human  form,  he  took  the  form  of  a 
stag. — Greek  Legend, 


L'des  (The  British),  Andrew 
Marvell,  an  influential  member  of  tiie 
House  of  Commons  in  the  reign  of  Charles 
II.  He  refused  every  offer  of  promotion, 
and  a  direct  bribe  tendered  to  him  by  the 
lord  treasurer.  Dying  in  great  povertv, 
he  was  buried,  like  Anstld£,  at  the  pobue 
expense  (1620-1678). 

Aristip'pos,  a  Greek  philosopher  of 
Cyre'n^  wno  studied  under  Soc'rat^  and 
set  up  a  philosophic  school  of  his  own, 
caUeci  "  he'donism  "  (i^^h.  "  pleasure  "). 

*«*  C.  M.  Wieland  has  an  historic 
novel  in  German,  called  Aristfppus,  in 
which  he  sets  forth  the  philosophical 
dogmas  of  this  Cyrenian  (1733-1813). 

An  axiom  of   Aristippos   was   Omnis 

Aristippum  decuit  oohr,  et  status,  et  ret 

(Horace,  Epist,  i.  17,  28) ;  and  his  greaji 

precept  was  Mihi  res,  non  me  rebue  svd>- 

jungire  (Horace,  Epist,  i.  1,  18). 

I  ac.  a  nrt  of  Arlfttepui.  aaS  caa  aoaaQy  aceoaaaaSMa 
■ynir  to  ooaipaay  aad  nlltada,  to  aShMOOB  aad  frassUly. 
—Lmm,  *M  Stmt,  w.  U  (171S). 

Aristobulus,  called  by  Diayton 
Aristob'ulns  {lUtm,  xvL  10),  and  said  to 
be  the  first  that  brought  to  £ogIand  the 
"glad  tidings  of  sslvation.**  He  was 
murdered  bv  the  Britons. 


The  Snt  that  •««  toM  ChiM  nvdScd  to  oi. 
hf  Paul  aad  Fatar  Mat,  JiMt  ArlMobUni .  .  . 
8r  tha  Britoaa  aMvdared  wa«. 

DiVtoD,  Pol^aUfm,  zxir.  (ISM). 

Aristoin'enes  (6  syL),  a  youn|^  Mes- 
senian  of  the  royal  line,  the  **Cid**  of 
ancient  Messe'nia.  Gn  one  occasion  he 
entered  Sparta  by  night  to  suspend  a 
shield  from  the  temple  of  Pallas.  On 
the  shield  were  inscribed  these  words : 
**  Aristomends  from  the  Spartan  spoils 
dedicates  this  to  the  goddess.'* 

*^*  A  similar  tale  is  told  of  Feniaiid« 


ARISTOPHANES. 


63 


ARMSTRONG. 


Perez  del  Pnlgar,  when  senrin^  under 
Ferdinand  of  Castile  at  tiie  Bi^e  of 
Grana'da.  With  fifteen  companions  ho 
entered  Granada,  then  in  the  power  of  the 
Moors,  and  nailed  to  the  door  of  the 
principal  mosque  with  his  daj^ger  a  tablet 
inscribed  **Ave  Maria!**  then  galloped 
back,  before  the  gnards  recovered  fmm 
their  amazement. — Washington  Irving, 
Conquest  of  Graiuxda^  91. 

Aristoph'anes  (6  syl)^  a  Greek 
who  wrote  fifty-four  comedies,  eleven  of 
which  have  survived  to  the  present  day 
(n.c.  444-880).  He  is  called ''The  Prince 
of  Ancient  Comedy,**  and  Menader 
"The  Prince  of  New  Comedy**  (b.c. 
342-291). 

The  Enfjliah  or  Modem  AristophaniSf 
Samuel  Foote  (1722-1777). 

77itf  French  Aristophanes^  J.  Baptiste 
Poquelin  de  Moli^re  (1622-1678). 

Aristotle.  The  mistress  of  this 
philosopher  was  Hepyllis ;  of  Plato, 
Archionassa ;  and  of  Epicurus,  Leontium. 

Aristotle  of  China^  Tehuhe,  who  died 
A.i>.  1200.  called  "The  Prince  of  Science.** 

Aristotle  of  Christianity ^  Thos.  Aqui'nas, 
who  tried  to  reduce  the  doctrines  of  faith 
to  syllogistic  fommlse  (1224-1274). 

Aristotle  of  the  Nineteenth  Century^ 
George  Cuvier,  the  naturalist  (1769-1832). 

Ar'istotle  in  liove.  Godfrey  Gobi- 
lyvc  told  sir  Graunde  Amoiire  that  Aris- 
totle the  philosopher  was  once  in  love,  and 
the  lady  oromised  to  listen  to  his  prayer 
if  he  would  grant  her  request.  The  terms 
being  readily  accepted,  she  commanded 
him  to  go  on  all  fours,  and  then,  puttinj^ 
a  bridle  into  his  niouUi,  mounted  on  his 
back,  and  drove  him  about  the  room  till 
he  was  so  an^pry,  weary,  and  dis^sted, 
that  he  was  quite  cured  of  his  foolish  at- 
tachment.— Stephen  1 1  awes,  ITis  Pastime 
of  Plesure,  xxix.  (1666). 

Armado  (Don  Adriano  de),  a  pom- 
pous, affected  Spaniard,  called  "a  re- 
fined traveller,  in  nil  the  world*s  new 
fashion  planted,  that  had  a  mint  of 
phrases  in  his  brain.  One  whom  the 
music  of  his  own  vain  tongue  did  rnWsh.** 
lliis  man  was  chosen  by  Ferdinand,  the 
king  of  Navarre,  when  he  resolved  to 
gpcnd  three  years  in  study  vnth  three 
companions,  to  relate  in  the  interim  of 
his  studies  "  in  high-bom  words  the 
worth  of  many  a  knight  from  tawny 
Spain  lost  in  the  world's  debate.** 

Hb  biunour  b  \oHj.  hb  dbootme  per«raptonr,  hb 
lousua  ttlctl.  bb  vft  amliltioai.  hb  9I1  m^t^itlcM.  and 


hbf»MnabdunrtoarTaiii.fMlailoas,MMlttinwonlad. ... 
H»  dmwMh  out  tb*  Uiraad  of  bb  varbodtv  tner  than  tk» 
Maple  orbbiirciinMnt.—8hakMp«re,l««ir«  labtur^  Utt, 
MC  v.  ML  1  (UM). 

Armande  (2  syl.),  daughter  of  Chry- 
aale  (2  sy/.)  and  sister  of  Henrietta. 
Armande  is  a  femme  aaxxmte,  and  Hen- 
riette  a  "thorough  woman.**  Both  love 
Clitandre,  but  imnande  loves  him  pla- 
tonicly,  while  Henrietta  loves  him  with 
womanly  affection.  Clitandre  prefers  the 
younger  sister,  and  after  surmounting  the 
usual  obstacles,  marries  her. — Moubre, 
Les  Femmes  Savantes  (1672). 

Armi'da,  a  soreeress,  who  seduces 
Rinaldo  and  other  crusaders  from  the  si^e 
of  Jerusalem.  Rinaldo  is  conducted  by  her 
to  her  splendid  palace,  where  he  forgets  his 
vows,  and  abandons  himself  to  sensual 

J'oys.  CTarlo  and  Ubaldo  are  sent  to  bring 
lim  back,  and  he  escapes  from  Armida ; 
but  she  follows  him,  and  not  being  able 
to  allure  him  back  again,  sets  fire  to  her 
palace,  rushes  into  the  midst  of  the  fight, 
and  is  slain. 

rJnlla'alBiuinband 
WitMrew  itsdf  fhMn  bb,  but  Ml  behind 
A  nttle  pr«nr«  .  .  .  but  ne'er  masiclan's  wand 
Wrought  change  «1tb  aU  Annlda's  fiahrr  art. 
like  what  thb  Bght  touch  left  on  Juan  ■  heart 

J^rron,  Den /iMm.  L  71. 

When  the  young  oueen  of  Frederick 
William  of  Prussia  rooe  about  in  military 
costume  to  incite  the  Prussians  to  arms 
against  Napoleon,  the  latter  wittily  said, 
"  She  is  Armida  in  her  distraction  setting 
fire  to  her  own  palace.** 

(Both  Gluck  and  Rossini  have  taken 
the  story  of  Armida  as  the  subject  of  an 
opera.) 

Armidd's  Girdle,  Armida  had  an  en- 
chanted girdle,  which,  "in  price  and 
beauty,*'  surpassed  all  her  ottier  orna- 
ments ;  even  the  cestus  of  Venus  was  less 
costly.  It  told  her  ever}'thing ;  "  and 
when  she  would  be  lovod,  she  wore  the 
same.'* — Tasso,  Jeruscdeml>etivered{  1675). 

Arm'atronff  (John),  called  "The 
Laird*s  Jock.**  ile  is  the  laird  of  Man- 
gerton.  This  old  warrior  witnesses  a 
national  combat  in  the  valley  of  Liddee- 
dalc,  between  his  son  (the  Scotch  chief- 
tain) and  Foster  (the  English  champion), 
in  which  young  Armstrong  is  overthrown. 
—Sir  V.  Scott,  The  Lairds  Jock  (time, 
Elizabeth). 

Armstrorvj  (Grace),  the  bride-elect  of 
Hobbie  Elliot  of  the  heogh-foot,  a  voung 
farmer.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Black  Ihoatf 
(time,  Anne). 

Armstrong  (Arohie)^   ooart  jester  te 


ARNAUT. 


£8 


ARROW  SHOT  A  MILE, 


JuMft  I^  iniroducrd  in  The  Fortunes  of 
Kigtl,  by  6lr  Walter  Scott  (1822). 

Ar'naut,  an  Albanian  mountaineer. 
The  word  means  **  a  brave  man.** 

Slidmd  vith  llM  tert  of  AmMt  blood. 

B^Toa.  Tk9  Uiatmr,  OSS. 

Amiieim  (2  syl.).  The  baron  Her- 
mm  to*  Amhehn^  Anne  of  Geierstain's 
gnndfatber. 

ShUla  of  Amheimj  Annc^s  mother. 

The  baroneas  of  A  rnftean,  Anne  of  Geier- 
■tda. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Anne  of  Geierstein 
(time,  Edward  lY.). 

Ar'no,  the  river  of  Florence,  the  birth- 
place of  both  DantS  and  Boccaccio. 


AilMtlfaaMi 


t^Atmo'%  ourrtl*  bariar. 


MtbV 


fron  fiUr  Vftldn&'j  bovcn 


^  ImagimaHon,  tt. 


Ar'nold,  the  deformed  son  of  Bertha, 
vbo  hates  him  for  his  ugliness.  \Vcar>' 
of  life,  he  is  about  to  make  away  with 
himself,  when  a  stranger  accosts  huu,  and 
proinises  to  trsosform  him  into  any  shape 
be  likes  best.  He  chooses  that  of  AchilljbSj 
and  then  ^oes  to  Rome,  where  he  joins 
the  besieging  army  of  Bourbon.  During 
the  sif^e,  Arnold  enters  St.  Peter's  (^ 
Rone  just  in  time  to  rescue  Olimpia,  but 
tibe  |Moad  beauty,  to  prevent  being  taken 
capdve  by  him,  flings  herself  from 
the  high  altar  on  the  pavement,  and  is 
taken  op  apparently  lifeless.  As  the 
drama  was  never  completed,  the  sequel 
is  not  known. — Byron,  l^he  Defonned 
Tnauformedm 

Ar'notdt  the  torch-bearer  at  Rotherwood. 
—Sir  W.  Scott,  Ivanhoe  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Ar^noid  of  Benthuysen,  disguised  as  a 
be^ar,  and  called  "  Ginks.** — Beaumont 
aad  Fletcher,  The  Beggar's  Bush  (1G22)/ 

Amoldo,  son  of  Melchtal,  patriot  of 
the  forest  cantons  of  Switzerland.  He 
was  in  love  with  IfaUiilde  (B  sy/.),  sister 
of  Gessler,  the  Austrian  governor  of  the 
district.  When  the  tyranny  of  Gessler 
drove  ^e  Swiss  into  rebellion,  Amoldo 
joined  Uie  insurgents,  but  after  the  death 
of  (Messier  he  married  Mathilde,  whose 
life  he  had  saved  when  it  was  imperilled 
br  an  avalanche. — Rossini,  Gugliehno  Tell 
(iSffl). 

AmoPdo,  a  gentleman  contracted  to 
Zeoo'cia,  a  chast«  lady,  dishonoumbly 
parsued  by  the  governor,  count  Qodio. — 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The  Custom  of 
the  Qmntrg  (1C47). 


Ar'nolphe  (2  fv'.),  a  man  of  wealth, 
who  has  a  crotchet  about  the  proper  train- 
ing of  girls  to  make  good  wives,  and  tries 
his  scheme  on  Agnes,  whom  he  adopts 
from  a  peasant's  hut,  and  whom  he  in- 
tends in  time  to  make  his  wife.  She  is 
brought  up,  from  the  age  of  four  years, 
in  a  country  convent,  where  difference 
of  sex  and  the  conventions  of  society  are 
wholly  ignored  ;  but  when  removed  from 
the  convent  Agnbs  treats  men  like  school- 
girls, nods  to  them  familiarly,  kisses 
Uiem,  and  plays  with  them.  Being  told 
by  her  guardian  that  married  women  have 
more  freedom  than  maidens,  she  asks  him 
to  marry  her;  however,  a  p^oung  man 
named  Horace  falls  in  love  with  her,  and 
makes  her  his  wife,  so  Amolphe  after  all 
profits  nothing  by  his  pains. — Holibre, 
L'^bole  des  Femmes  (1662). 

Daiw  aa  MCit  couvant  Mn  4e  tout*  pratSqqt 
J«  la  Si  ^wr  wkm  na  iioliUqae 
Cest-A-dira,  ordoniutnt  quel*  aiiina  oa  anplalarok 
Pour  U  randra  idtota  autjuit  qu'U  ae  pouirolL 

Aetl.L 

Ar'not  {Andrew),  one  of  the  yeomen 
of  the  Balafrtf  [Ludovic  Lesly].— Sir  W. 
Scott,  Quentin  Durward  (time,  Edward 
IV.). 

Aron'teus  (4  syL\  an  Asiatic  king, 
who  joined  tlio  ICg>'ptian  armament 
against  the  crusoilers. — ^Tasso,  Jerusalem 
Dciioercd  (1676). 

Aroun'di^ht,  the  sword  of  sir  Lan- 
celot of  the  Lake. 

Arpa'sia,  the  betrothed  of  Mone'sgs, 
a  Greek,  but  made  by  constraint  the  bride 
of  Baj'azet  sultan  of  Turkey.  Bajozet 
commanded  Mones^  to  be  bow-strung  in 
the  presence  of  Arpasia,  to  frighten  her 
into  subjection,  but  she  died  at  tiie  sight. 
— N.  Rowe,  Tamerlane  (1702). 

Ar'rant  Knave  {An),  a  corruption 
of  the  Anglo-Saxon  ncaro-cndpa  ("great 
knave  *').  Similarly,  nearo-bre;;d  ("  great 
fear**) ;  nearo-<jrdp  ("great  grip")  j  nearo- 
wrence  ("great  deceit  ),  etc. 

Ar'rot,  the  weasel  in  the  beast-epic  of 
Reynard  the  Fox  (1498). 

Arrow  Festival  {The),  instituted 
by  Zoroaster  to  commemorate  the  flight 
of  the  arrow  shot  from  the  top  of  the 
Peak  of  Demavend,  in  Persia,  with  such 
miraculous  prowcAS  as  to  reach  the  banks 
cf  the  Oxus,  cavsing  the  whole  interveniog 
country  to  be  ceded  to  Persia. 

ArroTV  shot  a  Mile.    Robin  Hood 


ARSACES. 


64 


ARTEMISIA. 


and  LittieJohn  *'freqaent]y  shot  an  arrow 
a  moasnrcd  mile**  (1/60  yards). 

Tnidftioo  InfoniM  m  that  In  one  of  Itobin  Hood's  p«r<»- 
^iHUioos.  Mt«ndcd  by  Little  John,  he  went  to  dine  at 
Wbltlqr  Abbey  with  the  abbot  Rkhnrd  .  .  .  tiwy  went  to 
the  top  of  the  abbqr,  and  eairh  of  Ihem  ibot  an  arrow, 
whkh  fen  not  bur  from  Whithf-lathii.  and  a  pUIar  wae  nC 
up  by  the  abbot  where  each  arrow  was  foond  .  .  .  both 
CbO  more  than  a  meaared  mile  from  the  abbey.— Oiarl* 
ton.  iriMory  ^  Wkttbg,  Fork,  MA. 


(8  syL)i  the  patronjnnic 
name  of  the  Persian  kines,  from  Arsaces, 
their  great  monarch.  It  was  generally 
added  to  some  distinctive  name  or  appel- 
lation, as  tiie  Roman  emperors  added  the 
name  of  Gssar  to  their  own. 

OtUo*  memorl*  hone  bonorem  PaithI  trfbacnrat  ok 
omnee  eiinde  refee  Moe  Anlda  nomine  nuneupent.— 
Jiutln.  MitttrUnw  PhUtppiem,  sU. 

Arse'tes  (3  syL),  the  aged  ennnch 
who  brought  op  Clorinda.  and  attended  on 
her. — ^Tasso,  Jeruaalem  Mivered  (1676). 

Ar'taban,  the  French  type  of  nobi- 
liary pride. 

^Ar'tamenee  (3  tyl.)  or  lie  Grand 
Cymfl.  a  **  long-winded  romance,"  by 
MdUe.  Scud<W  (1607-1701). 

Artazam'inouB,  king  of  Utopia, 
married  to  Griskinissa,  whom  he  wishes 
to  divorce  for  Distaffi'na.  But  Distaflina 
is  betrothed  to  general  Bombastds,  and 
when  the  general  finds  that  his  **fond 
one  "  prefers  "  half  a  crown  **  to  himself, 
he  hates  all  the  world,  and  challenges  the 
whole  race  of  man  by  hanging  his  boots 
on  a  tree,  and  daring  any  one  to  displace 
them.  The  king,  coming  to  the  spot,  reads 
the  cnallenffe,  and  cuts  the  boots  down, 
whereupon  Bombasts  falls  on  his  majesty, 
and  **  kills  him,"  in  a  theatrical  sense,  for 
the  detui  monarch,  at  the  close  of  the  bur- 
letta,  joins  in  the  dance,  and  promises, 
if  the  audience  likes,  **  to  die  again  to- 
morrow."—-W.  B.  Rhodes,  BombaaUs 
IStnoto, 

Ar'tohila  Mur'tohila,  the  magic 
words  which  "  Fourteen  "  was  required  to 
pronounce  when  he  wished  to  get  any 
specific  object  "into  his  8eu:k,'*-^A  Basque 
Legend,     (See  Fourteen.) 

Ar'tegal  or  Arthegal  (-Sir),  son  of 
GorloTs  prince  of  Cornwall,  stolen  in 
infancy  by  the  fairies,  and  brought  up  in 
Fairyland.  Brit'omart  saw  him  in  Yenus's 
lookmg-^hiss,  and  fell  in  love  with  him. 
She  married  him,  and  became  the  mother 
of  Aurelius  Conan,  from  whom  (through 
Cadwalhider)  the  Tudor  jlynas^  derives 
descent.  The  wanderings  of  Britomart, 
as  a  lady  knight-errant  and  the  imper- 
sonation of  chastity,  is  the  subject  of 


bk.  iii.  of  the  /b^.y   Queen;  and  the 
achievements  of  sir  Artegal,  as  the  im- 

Cersonation  of  justice,  is  the  subject  of 
k.  V. 

Sir  Art^i^rs  first  exploit  was  to  decide 
to  which  claimant  a  living  woman  be- 
longed. This  he  decided  according  to 
Solomon's  foraous  judgment  respecting 
"the  living  and  dead  child"  (canto  1). 
His  next  was  to  destroy  the  corrupt 
practice  of  bribery  and  toll  (canto  2). 
His  third  was  the  exposing  of  Bragga- 
doccio  and  his  follower  Trompart  (canto 
8).  He  had  then  to  decide  to  which 
brother  a  chest  of  money  found  at  sea 
belonged,  whether  to  Bracidas  or  Am'idas ; 
he  gave  judgment  in  favour  of  the  former 
(canto  4).  He  then  fell  into  the  hands 
of  Rad'igund  queen  of  the  Amazons,  and 
was  releMed  by  Britomart  (cantos  6  and 
6),  who  killed  Radigund  (canto  7).  His 
last  and  greatest  achievement  was  the 
deliverance  of  Ire'na  (Ireland)  from 
Grantorto  {rebellion)^  whom  he  idew 
(canto  12). 

N.B.— This  rebellion  was  that  called  the 
earl  of  Desmond's,  in  1580.   Before  bk.  iv. 
'6,  Artegal  is  spelt  Arthegal,  but  never 
afterwards. 

V  "  Sir  Artegal "  is  meant  for  lord  Gray 
of  Wilton,  Spenser's  friend.  He  was  sent 
in  1580  into  Ireland  as  lord-lientenant, 
and  the  poet  was  his  secretary.  The 
marriage  of  Art^al  with  Britomart 
means  that  the  justice  of  lord  Gray  was 
united  to  purit}'  of  mind  or  perfect  in- 
tegrity of  conduct. — Spenser,  Fairy  Q^eenf 
V.  (1696). 

Artemis'ia,  dau^ter  of  Ly^dlmis 
and  ijueen  of  Carta.  With  five  uiips  she 
accompanied  Xerxes  in  his  invasion  of 
Greece,  and  greatly  distinguished  herself 
in  the  battle  of  SflJ&mis  by  her  prudence 
and  courage.  (This  is  not  the  Artemisia 
who  built  the  Mausoleum.) 


Our  etatnm  .  .  .  ihe 

Ihe  fonndreei  of  the  Babylonian  wall  (< 

The  Ovian  Artemiiia  strong  la  war. 

Tennyeon,  Tke 


']{ 


Artemisfia^  daughter  of  Hecatomnus 
and  sister-wife  of  MausOlus.  Arte- 
misia was  queen  of  Caria,  and  at  the 
death  of  her  fraternal  husband  raised  a 
monument  to  his  memor}'  6called  a  man- 
sole'um),  which  was  one  of  the  "  Seven 
Wonders  of  the  World."  It  was  built  by 
four  different  architects:  Scopas,  Timo- 
theus,  Leochar^  and  Bruxis. 

Thb  made  the  Ibur  rare  nMMten  which 
Fklr  Artemysia'»  hiwhand'e  dainty  tomb 

(When  death  took  her  befort  the  work  wai 
And  w  bereft  them  of  al  bopm  to  eoBMi). 


ABTFUL  DODGER. 


56 


ARTHUR. 


V«a  Cartak  vorhHw  sod  tkdr  arif^fflories  I 
L««  iMoka.  Am  Imtmirg  ufmm  Fmrnt.  «f«.  (lSM-1018). 


Artftil  Dodger,  the  sobriquet  of  John 
D»wkios,  a  young  thief,  up  to  every  sort 
of  dodse,  and  a  most  marvellous  adept  in 
TiUainy.— Diekena,  Oliv^  TwiU  (18^7). 

Arthgallo.  a  mythical  British  king, 
brolheroi  Gorbonian,  his  predecessor  on 
the  throne,  and  son  of  Mor'vidus,  the 
tyrant  who  was  swallowed  by  a  sea- 
monster.  Arthgallo  was  deposed,  and 
his  brother  Elldure  was  advanced  to  the 
throne  instead.— Geoffrey,  British  History y 
iii.  17  (1141). 

Arthur  (Kin^j),  parentage  of.  His 
father  was  Uther  the  pendra^n,  and  his 
mother  Ygeme  (3  «y/.),  widow  of  Gorlois 
dake  of  ComwaU.  But  TgemS  had  been 
a  widow  only  three  hours,  and  knew  not 
that  the  duke  was  dead  (pi.  i.  2),  and 
her  marriage  with  the  pendragon  was 
Bot  consummated  till  thirteen  days  after- 
wards. \Vben  Uie  boy  was  bom  Merlin 
took  him,  and  he  was  brought  up  as  the 
fbater-son  of  sir  Ector  (Tennyson  says  '*sir 
Anton"),  till  Meriin  thought  proper  to 
announce  him  as  the  lawful  successor  of 
Uthtf  ,  and  had  him  crowned.  Uther  lived 
tvo  years  after  his  marriage  with  Ygem^. 
—Sir  T.  Ualory,  History  of  Prince  Arthur, 
L  2, 6  (1470). 


,  ll0tlla  took  tka  ckOd 
Aad  cam  Mm  to  dr  Anxam.  an  oM  kulfht 
Mend  «rf  Ud»>r:  sod  bit  vtfo 

prinot.  and  rwrad  bin  with  Iwr  ova. 
~  O9mim0  tf  A  rtkmr. 


Ommg  of  Arthur.  Leod'ogran,  king  of 
Can'eliard  {S  syL),  appealed  to  Arthur  to 
assist  him  m  clearing  his  kingdom  of 
lobbers  and  wild  b«wts.  This  being 
dene,  Arthur  sent  three  of  his  knights 
U  Leodogran,  to  beg  the  hand  of  his 
daachter  Guenever  in  numiage.  To  this 
Leodogran,  after  some  little  hesitation, 
agree{  and  sir  Lancelot  was  sent  to  escort 
the  lady  to  Arthur's  court. 

Arthur  mot  dead.     According  to  tra- 

dition  Arthur  is  not  dead,  but  rests  in 

Glastonbury,  "till  he  shall  come  again 

full  twice  aa  fair,  to  rule  over  his  people.*^ 

vbee  BARBARoaaA.) 

to  CBidition.  Arttar  mvot  died,  bat  «m 

n  tmm  br  oncbnnbnent,  sod  vUl.  in  Um 

■gala  In  bis  original  aliape,  to 

For  thli  rauoQ  tben  b 


Arthar's  Twelve  Battles  (or  victories 
over  the  Saxons).  1.  The  battle  of  the 
nver  Glem  (&.«.  the  glen  of  Nortbambcr- 
Uad).     2  to  5.  The  four  battles  of  tha 


Duglas  (which  falls  into  the  eftuary  of 
the  Ribble).  C.  llie  battle  of  Bassa,  said 
to  be  Bashall  Brook,  which  joins  the 
Ribble  near  Clithero.  7.  The  battle  of 
Celidon,  said  to  be  Tweeddale.  8.  The 
battle  of  Castle  Gwenion  (i.tf.  Caer  Wen, 
in  Wedale,  Stow).  9.  The  battle  of 
Caerleon,  i.e.  Carlisle  ;  which  Tennyson 
makes  to  be  Caerleon-n^MU-Usk.  10.  The 
battle  of  Trath  Treroit,  in  Anglesev,  some 
■ay  the  Sol  way  Frith.  11.  The  battle  of 
Agncd  Cathregonion  {i.e.  Edinburgh). 
12.  The  battle  of  Badon  Hill  (».<?.  the 
Hill  of  Bath,  now  Banncrdown). 

Th«n  brarelf  cbantad  they 
Tbi  M*wal  twalra  ptirbod  Idds  be  {Artk»ar\  wtUi  tba 
Baxout  f  warbL 

M.  OrajFton.  P^lgotUon.  tr.  (1811). 

Arthm-yoneof  the  Nine  Worthies.  Three 
were  (ientiles:  Hector,  Alexander,  and 
Julius  Oesar ;  three  were  Jews :  Joshua, 
David,  and  Judas  Maccabseus ;  three  were 
Christians:  Arthur,  (Charlemagne,  and 
Godfrey  of  Bouillon. 

Arthur's  Foster- Father  and  Mother,  sit 
Ector  and  his  lady.  Their  son,  sir  Key 
(his  foster-brother),  was  his  seneschal  or 
steward. — Sir  T.  Malory,  History  of  Prince 
Arthur,  i.  8,  8  (1470). 

N.B. — Tennyson  makes  sir  Anton  the 
foster-father  of  Arthur. 

Arthtw's  Butler  J  sir  Lucas  or  Lucan,  son 
of  duke  Comeus ;  but  sir  Griflet,  son  of 
Cardol,  assisted  sir  Key  and  sir  Lucas  *Mn 
the  rule  of  the  service.** — History  of 
Prince  Arthur,  \.  8(1470). 

Arthur*8    Sisters    [half-sisters],    Mor- 

ftuse  or  Margawse  (wife  of  king  Lot) ; 
lain  (wife  of  king  Nentres  of  Gariot) ; 
and  Morgan  le  Fay,  the  "  great  clark  of 
Nigromancy,*'  who  wedded Iring  Vriencc, 
of  the  land  of  Cor6,  father  of  Ewa3ms  le 
Blanchemayne.  Gnly  the  last  had  the 
same  mother  (Ygraine  or  Tgcm^)  as  the 
king. — Sir  T,  Malory,  History  of  Prince 
JMiur,  i.  2. 

Arthur*  s  Sons — Urien,  Llew,  and  Amwn. 
Borre  was  his  son  by  Lyonors,  daughter 
of  the  fsarl  Sanam. — History  of  Prince 
Arthur,  i.  15.  Mordrcd  vras  his  son  by 
Elain,  wife  of  king  Nentres  of  Carlot. 
In  some  of  the  romances  collated  bv  sir 
T.  Malory  he  is  called  the  son  of  Mar- 
gause  and  Arthur;  Margause  being  called 
the  wife  of  king  Lrit,  and  sister  of  Arthur. 
This  incest  is  said  to  have  been  the  cause 
of  Mordred's  hatred  of  Arthur. — Pt.  i, 
17,  86,  etc. 

Arthur's  Drinhiny-Hom.  No  one  could 
drink  from  this  horn  who  was  either 
unchaste  or  unfaithful. — Lai  du  Com  and 
Morte  d^ Arthur.    (See  Chastity.) 


ARTHUR. 


56 


ARTHURET. 


Arthur's  ShieldfVfidwin,  Geoffrey  calls 
it  Priwen,  and  says  it  was  adorned  with 
the  picture  of  the  Virgin  Mary. — British 
Bistoru,  ix.  4  (1142). 

Arthur's  Spear ^  Rone.  Geoffrey  calls  it 
Ron.  It  was  made  of  ebony. — British 
Bisiory,  ix.i  (1142). 

His  iiMr*  be  non  an  bond*  th«  Ron  wm  Ibaton. 
LajMuon.  BruL  (iwelftb  oenUirjr). 

Arthur's  Stoord^  Kscal'ibnr  or  ExcaKiber. 
Geoffrey  calls  it  Calibum,  and  says  it  was 
made  in  the  isle  of  Avallon. — British 
History,  ix.  4  (1142). 

TtK)  tempw  of  bb  iword.  Um  triad  boilaboiir, 

Tlie  biipie«  and  tb«  leneih  oT  koue.  bis  uobte  spaa/. 

WUb  Pridvln.  bis  ^mA  AMd. 

Dmyton,  P^fotUon,  ft.  (181S). 

Arthur's  Round  Table,  It  contained 
seats  for  150  knights.  Three  were  re- 
ser\'ed,  two  for  honour,  and  one  (called 
the  ** siege  perilous'*)  for  sir  Gaiahad, 
destined  to  achieve  the  quest  of  the 
san^^rcal.  If  any  one  else  attempted  to 
sit  in  it,  his  death  was  the  certain  penalty. 

*«*  There  is  a  table  so  called  at  Win- 
chester, and  Heniy  VIII.  showed  it  to 
Franyuis  I.  as  the  very  table  nuuie  by 
Merlin  for  Uther  the  pcndragon. 


And  for  creat  Artbor's  saat,  bar  Wtnchastcr  preTais. 
WboM  old  roaud  ubic  y«t  ibe  vauntetb  to  Iw  h«fi. 
M.  Dkaxton.  i^folUim,  IL  (leis). 

Arthur  (Kinfj)f  in  the  burlesque  opera 
of  Torn  Thuniof  has  Dolhillolla  for  his 
queen,  and  Huncamunca  for  his  daughter. 
This  dramatic  piece,  by  Henry  Fielding, 
the  novelist,  was  produced  in  1780,  but 
was  altered  by  Kane  O^Iiara,  author  of 
Midas,  about  half  a  ceDtur>'  later. 

Arthur's  Harp,  aLyne,  which  forms 
a  triangle  with  the  role-star  and  Arcturus. 

Dost  thou  know  tbc  Mar 

Wa  call  Um  "  Uairp  uf  Arthur.' op  In  baaven  t 

Arthur's  Seat,  the  hill  which  over- 
hangs Edinburgh. 

Nor  bunt  tha    bloodhounds   back  to  Arthurs  soal 
Bjrron.  EitglUS  BartU  and  ScMdk  Bmritmen. 

Arthurian  Bomanoes. 

King  Arthur  and  t/te  Rwa/kd  Table,  a 
romance  in  verse  (109G). 

T/iC  Holy  Graal  {m  verse,  1100). 

Tituref,  or  The  Guardian  of  the  Holy 
Graaff  by  Wolfram  von  Eschcnbaoh. 
Titurel  founded  the  temple  of  Graal- 
burg  as  a  shrine  for  the  holy  graal. 

The  Romance  «/7^«i*«ira/,  prince  of  the 
race  of  the  kings  of  Graalburg.  By  Wolf- 
ram of  Eschenbach  (in  verse).  This  ro- 
mance (written  about  1205)  was  partly 
founded  upon  a  French  poem  by  Chr6- 
tien  de  TroyoSj/'arcero/  le  Gallois,  (11 70).. 


Launcelot  of  the  Lake,  br  Ulrich  of 
Zazikoven,  contemporary  with  WUHjuu 
Rufus. 

Winahis  or  The  Knight  of  the  Wheel, 
by  Wimd  of  Graffenb^.  This  adven- 
turer leaves  his  mother  in  Syria,  and 
goes  in  search  of  his  father,  a  knight  of 
the  Round  Tabic. 

Twain  or  T/te  Knight  of  the  Lion,  and 
Ereck,  by  Hartmann  von  der  Aue  (thir- 
teenth century). 

Tristan  ana  Yscult  (in  verse,  by  Master 
Gottfried  of  Strasburg  (thirteenth  cen- 
tur}').  This  is  also  the  subject  of  Luc  du 
Gast's  prose  romance,  which  was  revised 
by  Elie  de  Ik>rron,  and  turned  into  verse 
by  Thomas  the  lihymen  of  Erceldoime, 
under  the  title  of  the  Romance  of  TVia- 
tram, 

Merlyn  Ambroise,  by  Robert  de  Borren. 

Roman  des  diverses  Quetes  de  St,  Graai, 
by  Walter  Mapes  (prose). 

A  Life  of  Joseph  of  Anmatfteti,  by 
Robert  de  Borron. 

La  Mort  d'Artur,  by  Walter  Mapes. 

The  Idylls  of  the  King,  by  Tennyson,  in 
blank  verse,  containing  **  The  0>ming  of 
Arthur,"  "  (jeretb  and  Lynette,"  "  (;enuut 
and  Enid,**  **  Merlin  and  Vivien,"  "  Lan- 
celot and  Elaine,"  "The  Holy  Graal," 
"  Peleas  and  Ettarre  "  (2  ayl,),  "  The  Last 
Tournament,"  "  Guinevere"  (8  stf/.),  and 
"  The  Passing  of  Arthur,"  which  is  the 
**  Morte  d* Arthur"  with  an  introduction 
added  to  it. 

(The  old  Arthurian  Romances  have 
been  collated  and  rendered  into  English 
by  sir  Thomas  Malory,  in  three  parts. 
Part  i.  contains  the  early  history  of  Ajthur 
and  the  beautiful  allei^ory  of  (jareth  and 
Linet ;  part  ii.  contains  the  adventures 
of  sir  Tristram ;  and  part  iii.  the  adven- 
tures of  sir  Launcelot,  with  the  death  of 
Arthur  and  his  knights.  Sir  Frederick 
Madden  and  J.  T.  K.  nave  also  contributed 
to  the  same  series  of  legends.) 

*»*  Sources  of  the  Arthurian  Romances, 
The  prose  series  of  romances  called 
Arthurian,  owe  their  origin  to:  1.  The 
legendary  chronicles  composed  in  Whales 
or  Brittany,  such  as  De  Excidio  Britannia 
of  Gildas.  2.  The  chronicles  of  Nennius 
(ninth  century).  3.  The  Armoric  collec- 
tions of  Walter  [CaJe'ninsTor  Gaulitcr,- 
archdeacon  of  Oxford.  4.  The  Chronloun 
site  Historia  Britonum  of  Geoffrey  of 
Monmouth.  5.  Floating  traditions  and 
metrical  ballads  and  romances.  (Soe 
Chaklrmaoxk.) 

Ar'thuret  (Miss  Seraphina  the  papist 
and  Miss  Angelica),  two  sisters  in  six 


ABTS  AKD  GENIUS. 


67 


ARYAN  LANGUAGES. 


W.     Scott's    novel    called    B^dgamUet 
(time,  Geor^  III.)* 

Arts  ( The  fine)  and  Oenios.  Sir 
Walter  Scott  w«a  wholly  ignoraot  of 
pictures,  and  quite  indifferent  to  music. 
Wordsworth  eskred  nothing  for  paintings, 
and  tnasic  gnve  bim  positive  discomfort. 
Sir  Robert  Peel  detected  music.  Byron 
and  Tasso  eared  nothing  for  architecture, 
and  Byron  bad  no  ear  for  music.  Mde.  de 
i)tafBl  coold  not  appreciate  scenery.  Pope 
and  Dr.  Johnson,  like  Scott  and  Byron, 
had  no  ear  for  music,  and  could  scarcely 
discern  one  tune  from  another;  Pope 
pc^erred    a    street   organ    to    Handel's 

Ar'toxo  (lord  Arthur  Talbot),  a 
cavalier allianoed  to  Elvi'ra  **  the  puritan,** 
<langhter  of  lord  Walton.  On  the  day 
appointed  fox  the  wedding,  Arturo  has  to 
aid  Enrichetta  {Henrietta^  widow  of 
(Aarlet  I.)  in  her  escape,  and  Elvira, 
supposing  he  is  eloping  yriHx  a  rival, 
temporanty  loses  her  reason.  On  his 
return,  Arturo  explains  the  circumstances, 
sod  they  vow  never  more  to  part.  At 
this  juoctnre  Arturo  is  arrested  for  treason, 
and  led  awar  to  execution ;  but  a  herald 
aanonnces  the  d^eat  of  the  Stuarts,  and 
free  pardon  of  all  political  oflfenders, 
whereapon  Arturo  is  released,  and  marries 

the  rair  puritan.** — Bellini's  opera,  1 
(1W4). 


Ar'tmro{Rvctitjkyr'^,  So  Frank  Hayston 
is  called  in  Donizetti's  opera  of  Lucia  dt 
LamM0ienmoor  (1835).    (See  Hayston.) 

Ar^undel,  the  steed  of  sir  Bevis  of 
Southampton,  given  him  by  his  wife 
Josian,  daughter  of  the  king  of  Armenia. 
— Diayton,  Poigoibioa,  iL  (1612). 

Arundel  Castle,  called  Ifagounoe 
(ivL). 

r)  em*  to  a  cmU*  tkat  wm  odM  !!•- 
r  b  called  Anuddl.  In  Bowttma.  Mr  T. 
^  unmet  ArtMmr.  U.  IIS  (1470). 


Ar'valan,  the  wicked  son  of  Keha'ma, 
sisin  by  Ladurliid  for  attempting  to 
dishonour  his  daughter  Kail'yal  (2  syL). 
After  this,  his  spint  became*  the  relent- 
leu  persecutor  of  the  holy  maiden,  but 
holiness  and  cliastity  triumphed  over  sin 
snd  luat.  Thus  when  Kail^-al  was  taken 
to  the  bower  of  bliss  in  paradise,  Arvalan 
horruved  the  dragon-car  of  the  witch 
Ln'runite  (3  sy/.)  to  carry  her  off;  but 
when  the  dragons  came  in  sight  of  the 
heir  pUce  they  were  unable  to  moiu  t, 
sad  went  perpetually  downwards^  till 
Arvalan  was  dropped  into  an  ice-nft  of 


perpetual  snow.  When  he  presented 
himself  before  her  in  the  temple  of  .laga- 
naut,  she  set  fire  to  the  pagoda.  And 
when  he  caught  the  maiden  waiting  for 
her  father,  who  was  gone  to  release  the 
glendoveer  from  the  submerged  city  of 
Baly,  Baly  himself  came  to  her  rescue. 

**H^.  Mp.  KelMina!  balp!"  beertoi. 
But  EMjf  tanrM  mC  to  •tMm 
That  mfghtior  power.    With  Invdstlbie  fwC 
Ifa  itunpt  and  ctcft  tiM  MTth.    ItopetMdvU*. 
And  9»v«  biM  tmgr  to  hb  own  Jiktrnent-MaC 
Down  lik«  a  phunnat  to  the  world  below 
He  nak ...  to  puaMuaetit  dwittaJ  aai  eniilaw  voc 
SMrtbey.  CWw  ^T  Kehatma,  xvVL  IS  (18D9). 

Arvi'da  (Prmoe)^  a  noble  friend  of 
Gustavus  Vasa.  Both  Arvida  and  Gui- 
tavus  are  in  love  with  Christi'na,  daughter 
of  Christian  11.  king  of  Scandinavia. 
Christian  employs  the  prince  to  entrap 
Gustavus,  but  when  he  approaches  him 
the  better  instincts  of  old  friendship  and 
the  nobleness  of  Gustavus  prevail,  so  that 
Arvida  not  only  refuses  to  betray  his 
friend,  but  even  a'oandons  to  him  all 
further  rivalry  in  the  love  of  Christina.— 
H.  Brooke,  Otuknmt  Vom  (1780). 

Aryir'agiia,  the  husband  of  Do'ri^en. 
Anrelius  tried  to  win  her  love,  but  Dongi^n 
made  answer  that  she  would  never  listen 
to  his  8uit  till  the  rocks  that  beset  the 
coast  were  removed,  **  and  there  n'is  no 
stone  y-scen.**  Bv  the  aid  of  magic, 
Aurelius  caused  all  the  rocks  of  the  coast 
to  disappear,  and  Dorigen's  husband 
insisted  that  she  should  keep  her  word. 
When  Aurelius  saw  how  sad  she  was,  and 
was  told  that  she  had  oome  in  obedience 
to  her  husband's  wishes,  he  said  he  would 
rather  die  than  injure  so  true  a  wife  and 
noble  a  gentleman. — Chaucer,  Canterbury 
Tales  ("The  Franklin's  Tale,**  1388). 

(This  is  substantially  the  same  as 
Boccaccio's  tale  of  Dianora  (tnd  Qilberto^ 
day  X.  5.    See  Dianora.) 

Arvir'agmSf  younger  son  of  Cym'beline 
(3  syt.)  lung  of  Britain,  and  brother  of 
Guide'rius.  The  two  in  early  childhood 
were  kidnapped  by  Bela'rius,  out  of  re- 
venge for  bemg  un j ustly  banished,  and  were 
brought  up  by  him  in  a  cave.  When  they 
were  grown  to  manhood,  Belarius,  having 
rescued  the  king  from  the  Romans,  was 
restored  to  favour.  He  then  introduced 
the  two  young  men  to  Cymbeline,  and 
told  their  story,  upon  which  the  king  was 
rejoiced  to  iiod  that  his  two  sons  whom 
he  thought  dead  were  both  living.— 
Shakespeare,  Cymbeline  (1605). 

Aryan  Langiiafes  ( T/ie)— 

1.  Sanskrit,  whence  Ilindustance. 

2.  Zend,  „       Persian. 


AS  YOU  LIKE  IT. 


58 


ASGIL'S  TRANSLATION. 


8.  Greek,  whence  Romaic. 

4.  Latin,      „      Italian,  Frenchf  Spanish, 

Portuguese,  Wallachian 

{Romance). 
6.  Keltic,     „      Welsh,  Irish,  Gaelic. 

6.  Gothic,    „      Teutonic,  English,  Scan- 

dinavian. 

7.  Slavonic,  „      European  Russian,  and 

Austrian. 

Ab  You  Iiike  It^comedy  by  Shake- 
speare. One  of  the  French  dukes,  being 
driven  from  his  dukedom  by  his  brother, 
went  with  certain  followers  to  the  forest 
of  Arden,  where  they  lived  a  free  and  easy 
life,  chiefly  occupied  in  the  chase.  The 
deposed  diike  had  one  daughter,  named 
Rosalind,  whom  the  usurper  kept  at 
court  as  the  companion  of  his  own 
daughter  Celia,  and  the  two  cousins  were 
very  fond  of  each  other.  At  a  wrestling 
match  Rosalind  fell  in  love  with  Orlando, 
who  threw  his  antagonist,  a  giant  and 
professional  athlete.  The  usurping  duke 
(Frederick)  now  banished  her  from  the 
court,  but  her  cousin  Celia  resolved  to  go 
to  Arden  with  her ;  so  Rosalind  in  boy's 
clothes  (under  the  name  of  Ganimod),  and 
Gclia  as  a  rustic  maiden  (under  the  name 
of  Alie'na),  started  to  find  the  deposed 
duke.  Orlando  being  driven  from  home 
by  his  elder  brother,  also  went  to  the 
forest  of  Arden,  and  was  taken  under  the 
duke*8  protection.  Here  he  met  the 
ladies,  and  a  double  marriage  was  the 
result — Orlando  married  Rosalind,  and 
his  elder  brother  Oliver  married  Celia. 
The  usurper  retired  to  a  religious  house, 
and  the  deposed  duke  was  restored  to  his 
dominions. — (1598.) 

Asaph.  So  Tate  calls  Dr>'den  in 
Absalom  and  Achitophel, 

WbU«  JiMlab's  Uirone  and  23on'i  rock  ftniMl  CMt, 
The  aong  of  A«4>h  mmI  bU  bune  ahaO  taat. 

PurtlL 

Affaph  (St.),  a  British  ri.<f.  Welsfi] 
monk  of  the  sixth  century,  abbot  of  Llan- 
Rlvy,  which  changed  its  name  to  St. 
Asaph,  in  honour  of  him. 

8o  biaiiopi  oui  tht  bring,  of  wblefa  ber  MinU  aball  be : 
Ai  AMkph.  vho  flnt  nve  tbat  name  auto  Uiat  aee. 

Drajrton.  PolyotUon.  xilr.  (ISSI). 

ABoal'aphoB,  son  of  Acheron,  turned 
into  an  owl  for  tale-telling  and  tr>'ing  to 
make  mischief. — Greek  Fable, 

Asoa'nio,  son  of  don  Henriqre  (2  sifL)^ 
in  the  comedy  called  The  Spanish  Curate, 
by  Beaumont  and  Fletcher  (1622). 

As'oapart  or  Ai/cupart,  an  enormous 
giant,  thirty  feet  high,  who  carried  off  sir 
Bevis,  his  wife  Jos'ian,  his  sword  Morglay, 


and  his  steed  Ar'undel,  under  his  ana. 
Sir  Bevis  afterwards  made  Ascapart  his 
slave,  to  run  beside  his  horse.  The  eflfigy 
of  sir  Bevis  is  on  the  city  CTtes  of  South- 
ampton.— Drajrton,  P(dyoloion,  ii.  (1612). 

He  VM  a  man  wboee  hoRe  itatare.  Uaewi,  ainem.  and 
bnlk  .  .  .  vooUhatre  enabled  him  to  enact  "CiDtbnuid,' 
"  Aaoapait.'*  or  anjr'otber  gUnt  of  romance,  without  raiiiag 
himMtfneanr  to  heaven  even  bf  tbeallitlMleoraclM»plB.— 
fllrW.8eott 

Thoae  A«a|MurtB.  men  Ug  eaoogh  to  throw 
Charing  Cro«  for  a  bar. 

Dr.  Donne  (187^-1631). 

Thus  imitated  by  Pope  (1688-1744)— 

Bach  man  an  Ascapart  of  ■trwtgth  to  toee 
For  Qooite  both  Tsmple  Bar  and  Ouriiig  Oosl 

Asorso'an   Sage,  or  Aacraan  poet, 

Hesiod,  who  was  bom  at  Ascra,  in  Boeo'ti*. 

Virgil  calls  him  "  The  Old  Ascnean." 

Hoe  tlU  dant  ealamoe,  en  aeeipe.  Umm 
Aacneo  qooi  ante  wnL 

As'ebie  (3  syl.),  Irreligion  personified 
in  The  Purple  Island  (1633),  by  Phineaa 
Fletcher  (canto  vii.).  He  hod  four  sons : 
Idol'atros  {idolatry),  Phar'raakeus  (3  syl.) 
{voitchcrdft),  Hferet'icus,  and  Hypocrisy; 
all  fully  described  by  the  poet.  (Greek, 
asebeia,  "impiety.**) 

Asel'ges  (3  syl.),  Lasciviousness  per- 
sonified. One  of  the  four  sons  of  Anag'- 
nns  {inchastity),  his  three  brothers  being 
'Mtbchus  {adultery),  Pomc'i'na  {fomioatiom)y 
and  Acath'arus.  Seeing  his  brother  Por- 
neins  fall  by  the  spear  of  Parthen'ift 
{maidenly  chastity),  Aselg6s  rushes  for- 
ward to  avenge  his  death,  but  the  martial 
maid  caught  him  with  her  spear,  and 
tossed  him  so  high  i*  the  air  "that  he 
hardly  knew  whither  his  course  was 
bent."  (Greek,  asgltjis,  "  intemperate, 
wanton.*')— Phineas  Fletcher,  Tke  PurpU 
Island,  xi.  (1633). 

As'eiu  strictly  speaking,  are  only  the 
tiiree  gods  next  in  rank  to  the  twelve 
male  Asir;  but  the  word  is  not  un- 
frequently  used  for  the  Scandinavian 
deities  generally. 

As'gard,  the  fortress  of  the  As'en 
or  Scandinavian  deities.  It  is  situate  in 
the  centre  of  the  universe,  and  is  accessible 
only  by  Uie  rainbow  bridge  {liifrost). 
The  river  is  Nonior,  overshadowed  by 
the  famous  ash  tree  Ygdrasil'. 

As'gil's  Tranalation.  John  Asgill 
wrote  a  book  on  the  possibility  of  nmn 
being  translated  into  eternal  life  without 
tasting  death.  The  book  in  1707  was 
condemned  to  be  burnt  by  the  common 
hangman. 

Here's  no  drpendiiig  upon  oM  women  In  ngr  wmtxf, , .. 
Ida  manmayaaaafetytriMttoMllitenMhaoa  aato 


ASHFIELD. 


09 


ASPATIA. 


"UxM.CmObm.Tkt 


Aah'fiald  (Farmer),  a  truly  John 
Boll  fianuer,  tender-hearted,  noble-minded 
Uit  homely,  generous  but  hot-tempered. 
He  loves  his  daughter  Susan  with  the 
lore  of  a  woman.  Uis  favourite  ex- 
pranon  is  **  Behave  piatty,**  and  he 
aiaisdf  always  tries  to  do  so.  His 
daughter  Soaan  marries  Robert  Handy, 
the  son  of  sir  Abel  Handy. 

Dame  Askfieid,  the  farmer*s  wife,  whose 
ket:  notre  is  a  nei^bouring  farmer  named 
Gnmdy.  What  Mrs.  Grundy  will  say, 
or  what  Mrs.  Grundy  will  tiiink  or  do,  is 
dame  Ashfield's  decalc^ne  and  gospel  too. 

Sa»an  Athfield,  daughter  of  nrmer  and 
dame  Aahfield. — ^Thom.  Morton,  Speed 
Me  Pkm^jA  (17S4-I838). 

Aah'fbrd  (Isaac),  "a  wise,  good 
man,  contented  to  be  poor.** — Crabbe, 
Farisk  Register  (1807). 

Aah'tarothy  a  general  name  for  all 
Syrian  goddesses.    (See  Astorkth.^ 


or 


n^y]  had  venanl  naniM 
mmI  AahtaroCh:  tboM  nals. 


Afila,  the  wife  of  that  Pharaoh  who 
brought  np  Moses.  She  was  the  daugh- 
ter cf  Mozabcm.  Her  husband  tor- 
tured her  for  believing  in  Moses;  but 
the  was  taken  alive  into  Paradise. — 
Sale,  Al  Kordn,  xx.,  note,  and  Ixvi., 
Bote. 

Ifahomet  says,  "Among  wom«i  four 
hare  been  perfect:  Asia,  wife  of  Pha- 
raoh; Mar>-,  daughter  of  Imran;  Kha- 
iijah,  the  prophet's  first  wife;  and 
Facima,  his  own  daughter.** 

As'lr*  the  twelve  chief  gods  of  S<iandi- 


Aah'ton  (Sir  WUliam),  the  lord 
keeper  of  Scotland,  and  father  of  Lucy 
Aihton. 

Ladtf  EteoMor  Ashton,  wife  of  sir  Wil- 
liam. 

CcUmd  Sholto  Dougias  Ashtw,  eldest 
son  of  sir  William. 

iMcg  Askton,  dan^ter  of  sir  William, 
belfotbed  to  Eugar  (the  master  of  Ravens- 
wood)  ;  bat  bein^  compelled  to  marry 
Frsak  Hayston  f  laird  of  Bucklaw),  she  tries 
to  murder  him  in  the  bridal  chamber,  and 
becomes  insane.  Lucv  dies,  but  the  laird 
reeovefs.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Bride  of 
lammtermoar  (time,  William  HI.). 

(This  has  been  made  the  subject  of  an 
Optra  by  Donizetti,  called  Zuc«a  di  Latn- 
%  1835.) 


navian  mythol<^ — Odin,  Thor,  Baldr, 
Niord,  Frey,  Tyr,  Bragi,  HeimdaJl, 
Yidar,  Vali,'  Ullur,  and  Forseti. 

Sometimes  the  goddesses — Frigga, 
Freyja,  Idu'na,  and  Saga,  are  ranked 
amongst  the  Aair  also. 

As'madai  (3  «///.),  the  same  as  Asmo- 
de'us  (4  8yl.),  the  lustful  and  destroying 
angel,  who  robbed  Sara  of  her  seven  hus- 
bands ( Tobit  iii.  8).  MUton  makes  him 
one  of  the  rebellious  angels  overthrown 
by  Uri(5l  and  Ha'phaSl.  Hume  says  the 
word  means  *'  the  destroyer" — Paradise 
Lost,  vi.  365  (1665). 

Asmode'us  (4  syl,),  the  demon  of 
vanity  and  dress,  called  in  the  Talmud 
"king  of  the  de^-ils."  As  "dress"  is 
one  of  the  bitterest  evibt  of  modem  life, 
it  is  termed  "  the  Asmodeus  of  domestic 
peace,**  a  phrase  employed  to  express  any 
"skeleton**  in  the  house  of  a  private 
fkmily. 

In  the  book  of  Tobit  Asmodeus  ftlls  in 
love  with  Sara,  daughter  of  Rag'uCl,  and 
causes  the  successive  deaths  of  seven 
husbands  each  on  his  bridal  night,  but 
when  Sara  married  Tobit,  Asmodens 
was  driven  into  K^ypt  by  a  charm  made 
of  the  heart  and  liver  of  a  fish  burnt  on 
perfumed  ashes. 

(Milton  throws  the  accent  on  the  third 
syl.,  Tennyson  on  the  second.) 

Hatter  plMwad 
Tb«i  AmoumUhm  with  the  flshy  ftun& 

MUtoo.  rmrudtm  LmL  hr. 


Abaddon  and  Ksm'<ACo»  catight  at  ni& 

TonnjBOO,  SL  Simeon  StglUH. 

Asmode'us,  a  "diable  bon-homme,** 
with  more  gaiety  than  malice ;  not  the 
least  like  Mephistophel^s.  He  is  the 
companion  of  Cle'ofas,  whom  Imb  carries 
through  the  air,  and  shows  him  the  inside 
of  houses,  where  they  see  what  is  being 
done  in  private  or  secrecy  without  being 
seen.  Although  Asmodeus  is  not  malig- 
nant, yet  with  all  his  wit,  acuteness,  and 
playful  malice,  we  never  forget  the  fiend. 
Le  Sago,  Le  Diable  Boiteujc, 

(Such  was  the  popularity  of  the  Diable 
Duiteux,  that  two  young  men  fought  a 
duel  in  a  bookseller's  shop  over  the  only 
remaining  copy,  an  incident  worthy  to  be 
recorded  by  Asmodeus  himself.) 

MIh  Aostcn  ^ra  m  jiut  «ich  a  pictare  of  domesttc  life 
as  Asmoifeiu  woubl  r»r«Bnt  could  h«  mnoire  the  riiof  of 
many  an  EnglLb  hrnne.—Knegc.  Brit  Art  "  Ronuui  e." 

Aso'tUS,  Pn>diealitv  personiH.d  in 
T/ie  Purple  Island  {{633),  by  I'hineas 
Fletcher,  fully  dencribed  in  canto  viii. 
(Greek,  astsios,  "  a  profligate." ) 

ABpa'tia^  *  maiden  the  very  ideal  of 


ASPHALTIC  POOL. 


60 


ASSIDOS. 


ill-fortune  and  wretchedness.  She  is  the 
truth-plight  wife  of  Amintor,  but  Amin- 
tor,  at  the  king's  request,  marries 
Evad'ne  (8  tt/i.).  Women  point  with 
scorn  at  the  forsaken  Aspatia,  but  she 
bears  it  all  with  patience.  The  pathos  of 
lier  speeches  is  most  touching,  and  her 
death  forms  the  tragical  event  which 
give?  name  to  the  drama. — Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  The  MaUTa  Tragedy  (1610). 

Asphartio  Pool  {The),  the  Dead 
Sea,  so  called  from  the  asphalt  or  bitu'- 
mcn  abounding  in  it.  The  river  Jordan 
empties  itself  into  this  "  pool." — Milton, 
Paradise  Lost,  i.  411  (1665). 

As'phodel,  in  the  language  of  flowers, 
means  *'  regret.'*  It  is  said  that  the  spirits 
of  the  dead  sustain  themselves  with  the 
roots  of  tliis  flower.  It  was  planted  by 
the  ancients  on  graves,  and  both  l1ieo- 
philus  and  Pliny  state  that  the  ghosts 
beyond  Acheron  roam  through  the  mea- 
dows of  Asphodel,  in  order  if  possible  to 
rcacli  the  waters  of  Lethe  or  Oblivion. 
'I'hc  Asphodel  was  dedicated  to  Pluto, 
l^ngfeliow  strangely  enough  crowns  his 
angel  of  death  with  amaranth,  with  which 
the  "spirits  elect  bind  their  resplendent 
locks,"  and  his  angel  of  life  with  aspho- 
del, the  flower  of  "  regret"  and  emblem 
of  the  grave. 

He  who  wore  the  erown  of  Mphodelt .  .  . 
Mdl  ••  My  erraiHi  tai  not  deaUi.  but  life"  .  .  . 
[uitj  The  nngM  with  the  amaranthine  wreath 

Whkpmd  a  word,  tbxt  had  a  sound  like  death. 
Longfellow,  Th*  l\to  Angttt, 

As'pramont,  a  place  mentioned  by 
Ariosto  in  his  Orlando  Fwioso,  in  the 
department  of  the  Meuse  (1516). 

Jousted  In  Aspianiont  and  Monfalbau  {MmUanhoHl 
Miltou,  PtankUf  Jjm.  I  86S  (1«6S). 

As'pramoute  (8  syl,),  in  sir  W. 
Scott's  Cmint  Robert  of  Paris  (time, 
Bufiis). 

2'he  old  knitjht,  father  of  Brenhilda. 

Vte  lady  of  Aspranwnte,  the  knight's 
wife. 

Brenhilda  of  Aspranumte,  their  daugh- 
ter, wife  of  count  Kobert. 

As'rael  or  As'ia^l,  an  angel  of 
death.  lie  is  immeasurable  in  height, 
insomuch  that  the  space  between  his  eyes 
efjuals  a  70,000  days'  journey, — Moham- 
medan Mythology, 

Abb  {An),  emblem  of  the  tribe  of 
Issachar.  In  the  old  church  at  Tomes  is 
a  stone  pulpit,  divided  into  compartments, 
contaiDing   shields  decorated   with   the 


several  emblems  of  the  Jewish  tribes,  <A 
which  this  is  one. 


Iwachar  b  a  strong 
twrdcai.— «en.  xUx.  14 


coQchlag  down 


Ass,  Three  of  these  animals  are  by 
different  l^ends  admitted  into  heaven: 

1.  The  ass  on  which  Christ  rode  on  His 
journey  to  Jerusalem  on  the  day  of  palms. 

2.  Hie  ass  on  which  Balaam'  rode,  and 
which  reproved  the  prophet,  **  speaking 
with  the  voice  of  a  man.  8.  The  ass  of 
Aaz'is  queen  of  Sheba  or  Saba,  who  came 
to  visit  Solomon.   (See  Animals,  p.  40.) 

Ass^s  Ears,  Midas  was  chosen  to  decide 
a  trial  of  musical  skill  between  Apollo 
and  Pan.  The  Phr>'gian  king  gave  his 
verdict  in  favour  (S  Pan,  whereupon 
Apollo  changed  his  ears  to  those  of  an 
ass.  The  servant  who  used  to  cut  the 
king's  hair,  discovering  the  deformity', 
was  afraid  to  whisper  the  secret  to  any 
one,  but  not  being  able  to  contain  himself, 
dug  a  hole  in  the  earth,  and,  putting  his 
mouth  into  it.  cried  out,  **King  Midas 
has  ass's  ears.*  He  then  filled  up  the  hole, 
and  felt  relieved.  Tennyson  makes  the 
barber  a  woman. 

No  llvdier  than  tiie  dame 
That  whbipered  "  Kami  aan"  [«icj  among  tha  sodge. 
"Mystatar." 

Th9  Prit»ctu,VL 

As'sad,  son  of  Oimaral'zaman  and 
Haiatal'nefous  (5  syl,),  and  half-brother 
of  Amgiad  (son  of  Camaralzaman  and 
Badoura).  Each  of  the  two  mothers 
conceived  a  base  passion  for  the  other*s 
son^  and  when  the  young  men  repuh^d 
their  advances,  accused  them^  to  their 
father  of  gross  designs  upon  their  honour. 
Camaralzaman  commanded  his  vizier  t«> 
put  them  both  to  death;  but  instead  of 
doing  so,  he  conducted  them  out  of  the 
city,  and  told  them  not  to  return  to  their 
faUier's  kingdom  (the  island  of  £bony). 
They  wandered  on  for  ten  days,  when 
Assad  went  to  a  city  in  sight  to  obtain 
provisions.  Here  he  was  entrapped  bv  an 
old  H re- worshipper,  who  offered  him  hos- 
pitality, but  cast  him  into  a  dungeon,  in- 
tending to  offer  him  up  a  hunxan  victim 
on  the  "mountain  of  tire."  'I'lie  ship  in 
which  he  was  sent  being  driven  on  the 
coast  of  queen  Margiana,  Assad  was  sold 
to  her  as  a  slave,  but  being  recaptured  was 
carried  buck  to  his  old  dungeon.  Here 
Bosta'na,  one  of  the  old  miua's  daughters, 
took  pity  on  him,  and  released  him,  and 
ere  longAssnd  married  queen  Margiana, 
while  Amgiad,  out  of  gratitude,  married 
Bostana. — Antbian  Mujhts  ('*  Amgiad  and 
Assad  "). 

As'Bidos,  a  plant  in  the  conntfy  of 


ASSISE. 


61 


ASTREE. 


PtMler  John.  It  not  onlj  protects  the 
vttrer  from  eril  spirits,  but  forces  every 
^irit  to  tell  its  business. 

Assise  (in  feudal  times),  toute  chose 

Jui  Ton  a  rue  user  rt  scconstumer  et 
eUrerer  ea  conr  du  roianme. — Clef  de9 

Asta^oraSy  a  female  fiend,  who  has 
the  power  of  rusing  storms. — Tasso, 
JcnaaUm  DeHtered  (1575). 

Astar'te  (3  sy/.),  the  Phoenician 
mjoo-i^dess,  the  Astoieth  of  the 
Syrians. 

WUbtlwe 
'  A<tor«di.  wfaam  tb*  Pbaenicians  caOed 
KM  of  h— wan.  wtth  creaoeot  Ikmih. 
llUtou.  Pmradi0t  Imt,  L  «U  (10»). 

A^iarte  (2  sy/.),  an  attendant  on  the 
princess  Anna  (^omne'na.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Cant  Bobert  of  Paris  (time,  Rnfus). 

Astarie  (2  or  3  syl.).  beloved  by  Man- 
fred.—Byron,  Manftw, 

V«  ttdak  of  Attan*  w  rounc  boatlftil,  famooent.— 
'  I.  ■w»ilni>d.  Jndacd.  pwdoiMd ;  bat  iCUl.  In  her 
Tfcril  to  awtft.  iiMakhHr  In  •  voko  of  Mmnr, 
vlib  A  eawrtonuw*  ]F«t  p«le  with  mortal  timibloL 
We  iMd  hat  fi  (ilni|aeor  hor  ta  her  bomitf  and  innoeaaoa. 
hM allMl ahc  rlHi  befbfc  m  In  an  tl>e  motai cUouro  of  a 
^0^  vMfaad.  ffaned.  and  fmrninaimm  ma.  ravaallim 

ei»Li  TbtlarfjrAsCartc  hbr  Hioh  !  vhoeaoMs  hci«t 
aiwL)   .  .  .  1lM»aMAKaitBtnoitti-4).  UUi- -^) 

AatBTV,  a  nyni{^  in  the  train  of 
Ye«0;  toe  lightest  of  foot  and  most 
sctive  of  all.  One  day  the  goddess, 
walking  abroad  with  her  nymphs,  bade 
them  go  gather  flowers.  Astery  gathered 
noet  of  all ;  but  Venus,  in  a  fit  of 
jetlowy,  turned  her  into  a  butterfly,  and 
threw  Uw  flowers  into  the  wings.  Since 
then  all  butterflies  have  borne  wings  of 
■isoy  gay  colours. — Spenser,  Mttktjjvtinos 
(T  tie  Butterjly's  Fate  (1590). 

As^lat,  Guildford,  in  Surrey. 

Astol'pho,  the  English  cousin  of 
Oriaodo  ;  his  father  was  Otho.  He  was 
s  great  boaster,  but  was  generous,  cour- 
te^n,  gay,  and  singularly  handsome. 
Astoljdio  was  carried  to  Alci'na's  isle  on  the 
back  of  a  whale ;  and  when  Alcina  tired 
of  him,  she  changed  him  into  a  mvrtle 
tree,  but  Jiciissa  disenchanted  )iim. 
Antolpbo  descended  into  the  infernal 
repoos ;  he  also  went  to  the  moon,  to 
oue  Orlando  of  his  madness  by  bringing 
back  his  lost  wits  in  a  phial. — Ariosto, 
Oritndu  FkrintQ  (1516). 

A$t>Jpkftt  flvm.  This  horn  was  the 
eift  of  Lxigisti'Ja.  \\1iatever  man  or 
wsst  beard  it,  was  seized  with  instant 


panic,  and  became  an   easy  ei^Jtive. — 
Ariosto,  Orlando  Fwioso^  viii. 
Astolpho's     Bijok,      The    same    fairy 

Ekve  him  a  book,  which  would  direct 
m  aright  in  all  his  jonmevings,  and 
give  him  any  other  information  he  re- 
quired.— ^Ariosto,  Orlando  f\urk)90,  viii. 

As'ton  {Sir  Jacob),  a  cavalier  during 
the  Commonwealth  ;  one  of  the  partisans 
of  the  Ute  king.— Sir  VV.  Scott,  ^VW/- 
stock  (period,  (Commonwealth). 

As^Um  (Enrico),  So  Henry  Ashton 
is  called  in  Donizetti's  opera  of  Lticia  di 
Laaunermoor  (1835).     (S«e  Ashton.) 

As'toraz,  king  of  Paphos  and 
brother  of  the  princess  Odis. — Beaumont 
and  Fletcher,  2%$  Mad  Lover  (before 
1G18). 

As'toreth,  the  goddess-moon  of 
Syrian  m^-tiiology ;  <»lled  by  Jeremlali, 
**'The  Queen  of  Heaven,^  and  by  the 
Phoenicians,  **  Astar'td."     (See  Asuta- 

KOTH.) 

Whb  Umm  [(*«  AMf  ar  AmmoI  la  troop 
Gune  AMoroch.  whom  th«  Pboenidanf  odkd 
AilartA,  qneou  of  baavea,  with  crboent  barm. 
Miltoii.  PatxmUM  UH^  L  4M  (ISK 

(Milton  does  not  always  preserve  the 
difference  between  Ashtaroth  and  Asto- 
ieth; for  he  speaks  of  the  **  mooned 
Ashtaroth,  heaven's  queen  and  mother.**) 

As'trafon,  the  philosopher  and  great 
physician/by  whom  Gondibert  ana  his 
friends  were  cured  of  the  wounds  re- 
ceived in  the  faction  fight,  stirred  up  by 
Erince  Oswald.  Astragon  had  a  splendid 
brarv  and  museum.  One  room  was 
called  *' Great  Nature's  Office/*  another 
"  Nature's  Nurscrj*,**  and  the  librar)r  was 
called  *'The  Monument  of  Vanished 
Mind.*'  Astragon  (the  poet  says)  dis- 
covered the  loadstone  and  its  use  in 
naxngation.  He  had  one  child,  l^rtha, 
who  loved  duke  Gondibert,  and  to  whom 
she  was  promised  in  marriage.  The  tale 
being  unfinished,  the  sequel  is  not  known. 
— Sir  W.  Davenant,  Gondibert  (died 
16G8). 

Astre'ay  Mrs.  Alphra  Bebn,  an 
authoress.  She  published  the  story  of 
Prince  Oroonoka  (died  1689). 

Tb*  Mate  new  bioMljr  doM  A<ti«a  tr«ad. 

Pope. 

Astree  (2  sy/.),  a  pastoral  romance 
by  Honore  irUrfi?  (1616),  very  rele- 
brated  for  giving  birth  to  the  pastoral 
school,  which  had  for  a  tiro«  an  over- 
whelming power  on  Uteratun  dnm,  and 


ASTRINGER. 


G3 


ATE. 


unnsemeDts.  Pastoml  romance  had  re- 
app^red  to  Portugal  full  sixty  years 
nreviously  in  the  fiastoral  romance  of 
Montema^^er  called  Diana  (1552) ;  and 
I^ngoSf  in  the  fifth  century,  had  pro- 
duced a  beautiful  prose  {lastoml  called 
The  Lotes  of  Daohnis  and  ChloCj  but 
boUi  these  pastorals  stand  alone,  while 
that  of  D*Urfd  is  the  beginning  of  a 
long  series. 

Astring^r,  a  falconer.  Shakespeare 
introduces  an  astringer  in  AiCs  Weil  that 
KntU  Well^  act  v.  sc.  1.  (From  the  French 
oiMtour,  I^tin  austcrcus^  '*a  goshawk.") 
A  "gentle  astringer"  is  a  gentleman 
falconer. 

We  iMuaUy  call  a  falconw  wbo  keep*  that  kind  of 
hawk  fthe  foahawkj  an  amtrbigcr.— OowcU,  Um 
thatiomarg. 

As'tro-fiamxnan'te  (5  syl.),  queen 
of  the  night.  l*he  word  means  "Haming 
star."— Mozard,  Die  ZauberjlOte  (1791). 

Astrononier  (The)^  in  Rasselasy  an 

old  entiiusiast,  who  believed  himself  to 

have  Uie  control  and  direction  of    the 

weather.     He  leaves  Imlac  his  successor, 

but  implores  him  not  to  interfere  with 

the  constituted  order. 

" I  bav«  poMMKd."  Mid  he  to  Imlac,  "for  Bve  yean 
the  refulatlou  of  the  weuUier.  aud  the  distributlou  oc  Uie 
•emoni :  the  ran  ha«  listened  to  xof  dktatce.  and  paoed 
fhMu  tropic  tu  tropic  hx  my  direction ;  the  doudi.  at  my 
call,  have  poured  Uieir  waten.  and  the  Nile  baa  over- 
flowed at  my  coiiiniaiid ;  1  have  restrahied  the  rag*  of 
the  Uop-etar.  and  niltlKaled  the  fenrour  of  the  Ckmh.  The 
vindi  alone  .  . .  have  hitherto  rehned  my  authortty.  .  .  . 
I  am  the  fint  of  human  beinsB  to  whom  this  troet  hae 
been  Imparted."— Dr.  Johnaon.  Mmtttla*,  kIL— alUL  (ITSS). 

As'trophel,  Sir  Philip  Sidney. 
"  Phil.  SidT"  may  be  a  contraction  of  phiio$ 
siduSf  and  the  llotin  sidua  being  changed 
to  the  Greek  astron^  we  get  Mtnm  phUos 
("star-lover").  The  "star"  he  loved 
was  Penelope  Devereux,  whom  he  calls 
Stella  ("star"),  and  to  whom  he  was 
betrothed.  Spenser  wrote  a  poem  called 
Astrop/iel,  to  the  memor}'  of  sir  Philip 
Sidnev. 

But  whGe  aa  Ajitro|4iel  did  live  and  rdgn. 
AroongM  all  bwnins  was  none  hu  (<an|H>n. 
Spensei.  Co/in  Ctotu't  Ctmit  Home  Again  (IflOl). 

Astyn'ome  (4  syL)  or  ChrTseia, 
daughter  of  Chrj'ses  priest  of  Aik>11(i. 
When  Lymessus  was  taken,  Astynoinc 
fell  to  the  share  of  Agamemnon-  but  the 
faUier  begged  to  be  allowed  to  ransom 
hor.  Agamemnon  refused  to  comply, 
whereupon  tlie  priest  invoked  the  anger 
of  his  fmtron  god,  and  Apollo  sent  a 
plague  into  the  Grecian  camp,  lliis  was 
the  cau»e  of  contention  between  Aga- 
memnon and  Achilles,  and  forms  the 
subject  of  'Joiner's  epic  called  7V  //uiti. 


AB'wad»  son  of  Shedad  king  of  Ad. 
He  was  saved  alive  when  tiie  anqf^el  of 
death  destroyed  Shedad  and  all  his  sub- 
jects, because  he  showed  mercy  to  a  camel 
which  had  been  bound  to  a  tomb  to 
star\'e  to  death,  that  it  might  ser\'e  its 
master  on  the  day  of  resurrection. — 
Southey,  Talaba  t/ie' Destroyer  (1797). 

Asylum  Chris'tL  So  England  was 
called  by  the  Camisards  during  the 
scandalous  religious  persecutions  of  the 
"Grand  Monarque"  (Louis  XIV.). 

Atabalipa,  the  last  emperor  of 
Peru,  subdued  by  Pizarro,  the  Spanish 

feneral.    Milton  refers  to  him  in  Pcuu- 
ise  Lost,  xi.  409  (1G65). 

At'ala,  the  name  of  a  novel  by  Fran- 
cois Rcn6  Chateaubriand.  Atala,  the 
daughter  of  a  white  man  and  a  Christian- 
ised Indian,  takes  an  oath  of  virginity, 
but  subsequently  fulling  in  love  with 
Chactas,  a  young  Indian,  she  poisons 
herself  for  fear  that  she  may  be  tempted 
to  break  her  oath.  The  novel  was  received 
with  extraordinary  enthusiasm  (1801). 

(This  has  nothing  to  do  with  AttiUt^ 
kinir  of  the  Huns,  nor  with  Athaiie  (queen 
of  Judah),  the  subject  of  Kacine*8  great 
tragedy.) 

Atalanta,  of  Arcadia,  wished  to 
remain  single,  and  therefore  gave  out 
that  she  would  marr>'  no  one  niio  could 
not  outstrip  her  in  running ;  but  if  any 
challenged  her  and  lost  the  race,  he  was 
to  lose  his  life.  Hippom'enes  won  the 
race  by  throwing  down  |(olden  apples, 
which  Atalanta  kept  stopping  to  pick  up. 
William  Morris  has  chosen  this  for  one 
of  his  tales  in  EartlUy  Paradise  (March). 

In  short,  she  thus  appeared  like  another  Atalanta.— 
ConiteMe  D'Aunoy.  /'airjr  Tmet  ("  Fortuuio.'*  16831). 


Atalinba,  the  inca  of  Peru,  roost 
dearly  beloved  by  his  subjects,  on  whom 
Pizarro  makes  war.  An  old  man  says  of 
the  inca — 

The  virtue*  of  our  monarch  alike  secure  to  him  tho 
afTcctioii  of  hl»  people  and  the  beniicn  rricard  of  heaven. 
— 61ierid.in.  fizarro,  IL  4  (fruni  KotaebueK  (17W). 

Atba'ra  or  UUtck  Jiiver,  called  the 
"dark  mother  of  Egypt."    (See  lti.ACK 

HiVKK.) 

Ate  (2  syl.)^  goddess  of  revenge 

with  bim  alonx  is  come  the  mother  queen. 
An  Ale.  stirring  him  to  blood  and  strife. 

Shakespeare.  King  John,  act  IL  k.  1  (IMM . 

Ate  (2  syL)y  "  mother  of  debate  and 
all  dissension,"  the  friend  of  Duessa. 
She  squinted,  lied  with  a  false  tongue, 
and  maligned  even  Ui«  bebt  of  beings. 


ATELLAN  FABLES. 


68 


ATHOS. 


Htr  abode,  "  tar  uadm  gromid  hard  bv 
tht  satM  of  heU,**  b  described  at  length 
b  bk.  IT.  1.  Wlien  sir  Blandamonr  was 
challenged  by  Bniggadocqio  (canto  4), 
the  tenns  of  the  contest  were  that  the 
conqoeror  dioold  bare  **  Florimelf'*  and 
the  other  ''the  old  hag  At^**  who  was 
always  to  ride  beside  mm  till  he  conid 
pass 'her  off  to  another. — Spenser,  Fairy 
iT.  (1606). 


Aftell'an  Fables  (The),  in  Latin 

Ateiittfntt  FalmUs,  a  species  of  faroe  per- 

UrmmA  by  the  ancient  Romans,  ana  so 

called  fiom  Atella,  in  Oampania.    They 

differed  from  comedy  becai»e  no  magis- 

trstcs  or  persons  of  rsnk  were  introduced ; 

they   differed    from   the   UAemaria   or 

ftmre  drama,  because  domestic  life  was 

net  represented  in  them  ;  and  Uiey  differed 

from  the  mimes,  because  there  was  neither 

baffoooerv  nor  ribaldry*.    They  were  not 

MrformeJ  by  proftssional  actors,  but  by 

■Oman  citizens  of  rank;  were  written 

in  the  Oscan  language,  and  were  dis- 

tingnished  for  their  renned  humour. 

HHd  to  te  itknteXtf  derived  froai  tkt 
tfM  AtolkB  FktdaiL-ar  W.  Soott.  Tk* 


Atha,  a  country  in  0>nnaught,  which 
for  a  time  had  its  own  chief,  and  Bom»- 
tiacs  usurped  the  throne  of  Ireland. 
Thus  Cairbar  (lord  of  Atha)  usurped  the 
thfWM,  but  was  disseated  by  Fio^t  who 
rtstcned  C^ooar  kin^  of  Ulster.  The  war 
of  Fmgal  with  Cairbar  is  the  subject  of 
the  Oseianic  poem  Tem'ora,  so  called 
from  the  palace  of  that  name  where 
Clairbar  murdered  king  C>>rmac.  The 
kiact  of  the  Fir-bolg  were  called  "  lords 
of  Atha.**— Oss«m. 

Ath'aJie  (8  jy/.),  daughter  of  Ahab 
and  Jezabel,  and  wife  of  Joram  king  of 
Jsdsh.  She  massacred  all  the  remnant 
of  the  house  of  Da^-id ;  but  Joash  escaped, 
sad  six  rears  afterwards  was  proclaimed 
king.  Athalie,  attracted  by  toe  shouts, 
went  to  the  temple,  and  was  killed  by 
the  mob.  This  forms  the  subject  and 
title  of  Racine's  chef-d centre  (1691), 
sad  was  Mdlle.  Rachel  s  peat  part. 

(Racine's  tragedy  of  Athalie,  queen  of 
Jadah,  mi»t  not  be  confounded  with 
Cotneille*s  tragedy  of  AUUa,  king  of  the 


Atheiaf  8  Tragedy  ( The),  by  CA-ril 
Toumeur.  Tbe  "  atheist  '^  is  D*AmTiUe, 
who  murders  his  brother  Montferrers  for 
kis  estates. — (Serentcenth  century.) 

Afch'elstaiie  (8  jy}.)i  nuBamea  "  Tba 


Unready,**  thane  of  Omin^bun^. — Sif 
W.  ScotL  Jvanhoe  (time,  Richard  L). 

*^  **  Unready  *'  does  not  mean  unpre^ 
pared  but  mjudickms  (from  Anglo-Saxon, 
rdd,  **  wisdom,  counsel  **). 

Athe'na  (Juno)  once  meant  "the  air,** 
but  in  Homer  this  goddess  is  the  repre> 
sentative  of  civic  prudence  and  military 
skill ;  the  armed  protectress  of  states 
and  cities. 

Athe'niaii  Bee,  Plato,  so  called 
from  the  honeyed  sweetness  of  his  com- 
position. It  is  said  that  a  bee  settled  on 
nis  lip  while  he  was  an  infant  asleep  in 
his  cradle,  and  indicated  that  **  honeved 
words  **  would  fall  from  bis  lips,  and  Aow 
from  his  pen.  Sophocles  is  called  "  The 
Attic  Bee." 

Athenodo^rufl,  the  Stoic,  told  Augus- 
tus the  best  way  to  restrain  unruly  an^er 
was  to  repeat  the  alphabet  before  gi\ing 
way  to  it. 


Dm  Mcrad  Us*  Im  did  bat  oom  repMt. 

Aad  bid  Om  ■tom.  and  eodol  Um  ii«laf  hMt 

TIdMll.  rk«M»mHA 

Ath'ena. 

Oerman  Athens,  Saxe-Weimar. 

Athene  of  /rv/oncf,  Belfast. 

Modem  Athens,  Edinburgh,  so  called 
from  its  resemblance  to  the  Acropolis, 
when  viewed  from  the  sea  opposite. — 
Willis. 

Mohammedan  Athens,  Bagdad  in  the 
time  of  Haroun-al-Raschid. 

Athens  of  the  Hew  World,  Bortoa, 
noted  for  its  literature  and  literary  in- 
stitutions. 

Athens  of  the  North,  (Copenhagen,  un- 
rivalled for  its  size  in  tbe  richness  of  its 
literary  and  antique  stores,  the  number 
of  its  societies  for  the  encouragement  of 
arts,  sciences,  and  general  learning,  to- 
gether with  the  many  illustrious  names 
on  the  roll  of  citizenship. 

Athens  of  SwUxerlana,  Zurich,  so  called 
from  the  number  of  protestant  refugees 
who  resorted  thither,  and  inundated 
Kuropc  with  their  works  on  controversial 
divinity.  Overdale*s  Bible  was  printed 
at  Zurich  in  1535 ;  here  ZumgUus 
preached,  and  here  Lavater  lived. 

Athens  of  the  Yf'cst,  Cor'dova,  in  Spain, 
was  so  called  in  the  middle  ages. 

Athliot,  the  most  wretched  of  all 
women. 

Her  comfort  b  (If  for  bw  any  be). 
nmt  aeoe  aui  ibow  more  cauee  of  grW  Umb  ib^ 
Win.  biuwne.  lhrUmamUt'$  Patt9ruls,  0.  S  (ISlSk 

Ath'os.  IHnoc'ret^s,  a  sculptor,  pre- 
posed  to  Alexander  to  hew  mount  Athos 


ATHUNREE. 


64 


AUBREY. 


into  A  statue  Te[)Te8entin|;:  the  neat  con- 
quercr,  with  a  city  in  his  left  hand,  nnd 
a  basin  in  his  right  to  receive  all  the 
waters  which  flowed  from  the  mountain. 
Alexander  greatly  approved  of  the  sug- 
gestion, but  objected  to  the  locality. 

And  hew  out  •  h%n(*  mounUin  of  p«Uioa. 
Am  PbUp's  Mm  prutMMod  to  do  wlUt  Ailuw. 

Bjrron.  //on  Jmoh.  tiL  88. 

Athiin'ree,  in  Connaucht,  where 
was  fought  the  great  battle  between 
Felim  O'Connor  on  the  side  of  the  Irish, 
and  William  de  Houi^o  on  the  side  of  the 
English.  The  Irish  lost  10,000  men,  and 
the  whole  tribe  of  the  O'Connors  fell  ex- 
cept Fe'lim's  brother,  who  escaped  alive. 

At'imuB,  Baseness  of  l^iind  {lersonifled 
in  7V«<;  Pvrpie  hUind  (1G33),  by  I'hineas 
Fletcher.  **A  careless,  idle  swain  .  .  . 
his  work  to  eat,  drink,  sleep,  and  pur^ 
his  reins.*'  Fully  described  in  canto  viii. 
(Greek,  atimos^  "one  dishonoured.**) 

A'tin  {Strife),  the  squire  of  Pj-r*- 
ochl6s. — Spenser,  Fairy  Queen,  ii.  4,  6,  6 

(isyo). 

Atlante'an  Shoulders,  shoulders 
broad  and  strong,  like  those  of  Atlas, 
which  support  the  world. 

8it0i!  he  [ttaStMbmb]  itood. 
With  Atkiitviui  tboulden,  fit  to  boir 
Th«  weMit  aT  niiifhlieit  moiiarcldet. 

MUlMi.  PurwiiM  Lou,  U.  SOS  (1885). 

Atlan'tis.  Lord  Bacon  wrote  an 
allegorical  Action  called  Atlantis  or  The 
Utiw  Atlantis.  It  is  an  island  in  the 
Atlantic,  on  which  the  author  feigns  that 
be  was  wrecked,  and  there  he  found  every 
model  arrangement  for  the  promotion  of 
science  and  the  perfection  of  man  as  a 
social  being. 

A  moral  ooantr7— but  I  hold  my  hand. 
Fur  i  diadalu  to  write  an  Atbuttli. 

ByrtMi.  Don  Jmtn,  xL  87. 

Atlas'  Shoulders,  enormous  strength. 
Atlas  king  of  Mauritania  is  said  to  sup- 
port the  world  on  his  shoulders. 

Chanaetli7khapeniMlahakeoir«ier. . .  Get  thet  Medeali 
kettle  and  be  b.  iled  iiiiew.  conw  furih  with  .  .  .  calloua 
haiidcadibieaf  stwl.  and  Atlas' ■bouklen.—W.OiNigrare, 
Lo9»/or  L99«,  It.  (liM). 

Atos'sa.  So  I'ope  calls  Sarali  duchess 
of  Marlborough,  because  she  was  the  great 
friend  of  lady  Maiy  Wortley  Montagu, 
whom  he  calls  Sappho. 

But  what  are  these  to  great  Aboem'i  mind  t 

Pope. 

(The  great  friend  of  Sappho  was  Atthis. 
By  Atossa  is  generally  understood  Vashti, 
daughter  of  Cyrus  and  wife  of  AhasuCrus 
of  the  Old  TcsUnieot.) 


At'ropOS,  one  of  the  Fates*  whoM 
office  is  to  cut  the  thread  of  life  with  a 
pair  of  scissors. 

p  .  .  nor  ehtncs  the  knife, 
Mor  riiean  of  Atropoe  before  their  vblon. 

Byron,  Don  Jnitm,  U.  84. 

Attio  Bee  {The),  Soph'ocl^  (b.o. 
495-iOd).  Plato  is  called  ''The  Athe- 
nian Bee.'* 

Attio  Boy  {The),  referred  to  br 
Hilton  in  his  H  Penseroso,  is  Ceph'alos, 
who  was  beloved  by  Aurora  or  Mom,  bat 
was  married  to  Procris.  Ue  was  passion- 
ately fond  of  hunting. 

Till  dvil-eulted  Mom  appear. 

Not  tricked  and  Aouiicvd.  aa  die  was  wont 

With  the  AtUc  boy  to  bunt. 

But  kareUef ed  la  a  oomaly  doud. 

Jl  f0mmr9»o  (1G3B). 


Attic  Muse  {The),  Xen'ophon  th« 
historian  (b.c.  444-359). 

At'ticus  {The  English),  Joseph  Addi- 
son (1672-1719). 

Who  but  niuit  laugh  tTnch  a  man  there  ba. 
Who  would  not  weep  If  Attkoa  were  he? 

Fupe.  Fnlogtu  to  ike  aatbrm. 

The  Christian  Atticus,  Reginald  lieber, 
bishop  of  CalcutU  (1783-182G). 

T/ie  Irish  Atticus,  Geo^e  Faulkner, 
printer  and  author  (1700-17/5). 

At'tila,  one  of  the  tragedies  of  Pierre 
ComeiUe  (1667).  This  king  of  the  Huns, 
usually  called  "The  Scourge  of  God," 
must  not  be  confounded  with  '*  Athalie," 
daughter  of  Jezabel  and  wife  of  Joram, 
the  subject  and  title  of  Kacine's  chef" 
dTaeucre,  and  Mdllc.  Kachel*s  chief  cha- 
racter. 

Attreba'tes  (4  «y/.)— Drayton  makes 
it  3  sifl. — inhabited  part  of  Hampshire  and 
Berkshire.  The  primary  city  was  Callfiba 
{SUchester), — Kichard  of  Cirencester,  vi. 
10. 

The  Attrebatee  In  Barit  onto  the  bank  of  Thamea. 
Drajlon.  PotpolbUm,  zvt  (ISU). 

('*  In  Bark  "  means  in  Berkshire.) 

Aubert  ( ThSri^e),  the  heroine  of  C. 
Nodier's  romance  of  that  name  (1819). 
The  story  relates  to  the  adventures  of  a 
young  royalist  in  the  French  Revolution- 
ary epoch,  who  had  disguised  himself  in 
female  apparel  to  escape  detection. 

Aubrey,  a  widower  for  eighteen 
years.  At  the  death  of  his  wife  he  com- 
mitted his  infant  daughter  to  the  care 
of  Mr.  Bridgemore  a  merchant,  and  lived 
abroad.  He  returned  to  I^ndon  after  an 
absence  of  eighteen  years,  and  foimd 
that  Bridgemore  had  abused  his  trust,  and 
his  dau^tcr  had  been  obliged  to  quit  the 


ADBRTS  DOG. 


Go 


AUGUSTA. 


aad    Mek    protection   with    Mr. 
Mortiiiier. 

Aiafffuta  AiAreif,  daughter  of  Mr. 
Aubrej,  in  lore  wiUi  Frmncis  Tyrrel,  the 
nephew  of  Mr.  Moitinier.  She  is  snubbed 
sad  persccnted  by  the  vulgar  Locinda 
Bridgemore,  and  most  wantonly  per- 
secuted by  lord  Abbenrille,  bnt  after 
psaffing  through  man^  a  most  painful 
▼isitatioa,  she  is  happily  married  to  the 
num  of  her  choice. — Cumberland,  The 
FiukkjmdUe  Loter  (1780). 

Aa'bri'8  I>ok  showed  a  most  on- 
accmmtable  hatred  to  Kichard  de  llacaire, 
snarling  and  dying  at  him  whenever  he 
appeared  in  sight.  Now  Aubri  had 
been  murdered  by  some  one  in  tlie  forest 
of  Bondy,  and  this  animosity  of  the  dog 
directed  sospiinon  towards  Richard  de 
llacaire.  Itichard  was  taken  up,  and 
roadeoioed  to  single  combat  with  the 
du^,  by  whom  he  was  killed.  In  his 
d>ing  momentd  he  confessed  himself  to 
be  tlw  murderer  of  Aubri.     (See  Dog.) 


U  camAmt  Mitre  MaoUre  «t  I*  ehiea  est  li«a  k  Parte. 
^M  rUe  LtMnrteca.  On  place  oa  fidt  aMrrefDaix  en 
1X1,  Bate  .  .  .  B  wt  Man  anifcicar.  ca»  U  wt  man- 
dii  la  rV^lc  pr«o«d«nt  pw  AlMrie  daa  Truto> 
■aa.— BoaOlaC  Met.  Vuimtrti,  wU. 

Anchtarmuch'ty  {Jokn)^  the  Kin- 
carrier.— Sir  W.  Scott,   The  Ahboi 
(time,  Elizabeth). 

Andliain'bla,  the  cow  created  by 
Soft  to  nourish  Ymir.  She  supplied  him 
with  four  rivers  of  milk,  and  was  herself 
nourished  bjr  licking  dew  from  the  rocks. 
— Scamiinacicm  MyVwlogy. 

Audley.  /s  John  Avdley  heref  In 
Kdiardson^s  travelling  theatrical  booth 
this  question  was  asked  aloud,  to  signify 
fhat  the  performance  was  to  be  brought 
to  a  dooe  as  s«mhi  as  possible,  as  the 
^stfcmn  was  crowded  with  new-comers, 
waiting  to  be  admitted  (1766-1886;. 

The  same  qoestion  was  asked  by  Shuter 
(in  171i9),  whose  travelling  company  pre- 
eeded  Richardson's. 

Au'drey,  a  country  wench,  who  jilted 
William  for  Touchstone.  She  is  an  ex- 
edlcnt  specimen  of  a  wondering  she- 
pwkv.  She  thanks  the  ^ods  that  "  she 
IS  foul,**  and  if  to  be  poetical  is  not  to  be 
kooest,  she  thanks  the  gods  also  that 
'*  she  b  not  poetical.** — ^lakespeare,  As 
Vam  Likt  It  (15d8). 

Ite  cfeMaclar  or  "  AnArij.- that  or  a  feuMiU  EdoI.  riM>eI4 

arf  lw»a  haan  i   I  (la.  tnr  Wm  Po><a.  In  ber  laM 

■WMMar  In  pMUte] :  Om  iMt  tea  of  ae  Sirevan  addrsM 
«>•»  "And  now  paar  Andtar  Mdi  ym  aL  Caravctt** 
(Ikv  tf.  V&m^^^wam  Smith,  M0mt*n,  ttc  (ir40). 

Aa'gean  Stables.    AugCas  king  of 


the  Ep^^ans,  in  Elis,  kept  3000  oxen  for 
thirty  years  in  stalls  wnich  were  never 
cleansed.  It  was  one  of  the  twelve 
labours  of  Her'cules  to  cleanse  these 
stables  in  one  day.  This  he  accomplished 
by  letting  two  rivers  into  them. 

If  tha  Aopwn  stable  {«/  drama/ie  tm/MtHry]  was  not 
■uflkiaMtly  daanaed.  tba  ttreain  of  ituMfc  o|ilnU>ii  wa< 
hiriv  diractad  acabut  iu  oonglonMfmtad  Imporidac—SIr 
W.  Scott,  Tht  Drttmm. 

Au^^USta.  London  ITVinobantina] 
was  so  called  by  the  Romans. 

Where  fWI  \n  vfaw  Aninata's  spiraa  are  nan. 
With  floarery  lawiw  lutd  wavfiig  wuudi  betvaan. 
A  hambla  habitation  roM.  bwdda 
Where  Thanwe  meaiuleriiig  mlla  hb  ample  tide. 

Fakouer.  Tkt  tUUpmrwek,  t  8  (17S8). 

AwpuftOy  mother  of  Gustavus  Yasa. 
She  is  a  prisoner  of  Christian  II.  king  of 
Doimark,  but  the  king  promises  to  set 
her  free  if  she  will  induce  her  son  to 
submission.  Augusta  refuses,  but  in  the 
war  which  follows,  Gustavus  defeats 
Christian,  and  becomes  king  of  Sweden. 
— H.  Brooke,  Gustawa  Vaaa  (1730). 

Augusta,  a  title  conferred  by  the 
Roman  emperors  on  their  wives,  sisters, 
daughters,  uiothers,  and  even  concubines. 
It  had  to  be  conferred  ;  for  even  the  wife 
of  an  Augustus  was  not  an  Augusta  until 
after  her  coronation. 

1.  Empkkssus.  Uvia  and  Julia  were 
both  Axbjusta ;  so  were  Julia  (wife  of 
Tiberius),  Messalina,  Agrippina,  Octavia, 
Poppiea,  Statilta,  Sabina,  Doniitilla, 
Domitta,  and  Faustina.  In  imperials  the 
wife  of  an  emperor  is  spoken  of  as 
Awpusia:  Sercnissima  Atufusta  conjux 
nostnt;  Divma  Au>jtutay  ete.  But  the 
title  had  to  be  conferred  ;  hence  we  read, 
*'Dountian  uxorem  suam  Atf/itstam 
jnssit  nuncupari  ;  **  and  "  Flavia  Titiuna. 
eadeni  die,  uxor  ejus  [i.e.  Pertioax] 
Augusta  est  appellata.*' 

2.  MoTHKKsor  Gkaxdmothers.  An- 
tonia,  grandmother  of  Caligula,  was 
created  Aw^u^ta,  Claudius  made  his 
mother  Antonia  Awfusta  after  her  death. 
Heliogab'alus  had  coins  inscribed  with 
**  Julia  Miesa  Augusta,*  in  honour  of  bis 
grandmother ;  Mammiea,  mother  of  Alex- 
ander SevCrus,  is  styled  Augusta  on 
coins;  and  so  is  Helena,  mother  of 
0>nstantine. 

8.  SiSTLRS.  Honorins  speaks  of  his 
sister  as  **  venerabilis  Augusta  germnna 
nostra.**  Trajan  has  coins  inscribed  with 
**  Diva  Marciana  AwtustaJ** 

4.  Daughtrrs.  Mallia  Scantilla  the 
wife,  and  Didia  the  daughter  of  Didius 
Julianus,  were  both  Au^justa,  Titus  in- 
scribed on  coins  his  daughter  as  '*  JuUa 


AUGUSTAN  AGE. 


AUSTRIAN  UP. 


Sabina  Augusta ;  **  there  ore  coins  of  the 
empercT  Dccios  inscribed  with  **  Herennia 
EtruscilU  Aufjusta^**  and  **  Sallustia  i4ii- 
gtiitta,*^  sisters  of  the  emperor  Decius. 

5.  Otiikks.  Matidia,  niece  of  Trajan, 
is  called  Augusta  on  coins ;  Constantine 
Monomachns  called  his  concubine  Au- 
gusta, 

AuffUB'tan  Age,  the  golden  age  of 
A  people's  literature,  so  odled  because 
while  Aufpistus  was  emperor,  Rome  was 
noted  for  its  literary'  giants^ 

The  Augustan  Age  of  England^  the 
Elizabethan  period.  Tnat  of  Anne  is 
called  the  "  Silver  Age." 

The  Auijustan  A<je  of  France^  that  of 
Louis  XIV.  (1610-1740). 

The  Augustan  Age  of  Oermang,  nine- 
teenth centur>'. 

T/te  Augustan  Aqe  of  Portugal^  the 
reign  of  don  Alphonso  Henrique.  In 
this  reign  Brazil  was  occupied ;  the 
African  coast  explored  ;  the  sea-route  to 
India  was  traversed ;  and  Camoens 
flourished. 

Augusti'na,  the  Maid  of  Saragoca. 
She  was  onlj  22  when,  her  lover  being 
shot,  she  mounted  the  batter}'  in  his 
place.  Hie  French,  after  a  siege  of  two 
months,  were  obliged  to  retrea^  August 
15«  1808. 

Such  worn  the  csploltf  of  the  MkU  oT  flknifan.  who 
by  her  valour  elciatcd  hertelT  to  the  highcit  rank  of 
heroinei.  When  the  author  wa«  at  Seville,  the  walked 
dalljr  on  the  Pnido,  decorated  with  medal*  aod  oiden,  hjr 
order  of  the  Juuta.— JU»rd  Qjmm. 

Auld  Robin  Qray  was  written 
(1772)  by  lady  Anne  Barnard,  to  raise  a 
little  money  for  an  old  nurse.  Lady 
Anne's  maiden  name  was  Lindsay,  and 
her  father  was  earl  of  Balcarras. 

Aullay,  a  monster  horse  with  an 
elephant's  trunk.  The  creature  is  as 
much  bigger  than  an  elephant,  as  an 
elephant  is  larger  than  a  sheep.  King 
Baly  of  India  rode  on  an  aullay. 

The  anlfaur.  huflart  of  four-footed  kind. 

The  aullajr-hone,  that  iu  lik  force, 
Whh  eleplian  title  trunk,  could  Uiul 
And  lift  the  ele|jhanl.  and  on  the  wind 
Whirl  hint  awav.  with  nrnf  and  awing. 
E'en  like  a  pebble  from  a  prartlaed  •ling. 

Souther.  Omtw  ^  A'«*atiw.  xvL  t  (1000). 

Aumerle  [O.mwW'L  a  French  comip- 
tiuu  of  Albemarle  (in  Sormandy). 

Aure^UB,  a  young  nobleman  who 
tried  to  win  to  himself  Do'rigen,  the  wife 
of  Ar>'ir'agus,  but  Dorigen  told  him  she 
would  never  ^ncld  to  his  suit  till  all  the 
rocks  of  the  British  coast  were  removed, 
**  rnd  there  n*is  no  stone  y-seen."    Aore- 


lius  by  magic  made  all  the  rocks  disap- 
pear, but  when  Doritren  went,  at  her 
nusband's  bidding,  to  keep  her  promise, 
Aurelius,  seeing  how  sad  she  was,  made 
answer,  he  would  rather  die  than  injure 
so  true  a  wife  and  noble  a  gentleman. — 
Qiaucer,  Canterlntry  Tales  ("  The  Frank- 
lin's Tale,"  1388). 

(This  is  substant'ally  the  same  as  Boc- 
caccio's tale  of  Dian^ra  and  GUberto^  x.  5. 
See  DiAxoRA.) 

Aurelius^  elder  brother  of  Uther  th<> 
pendragon,  and  uncle  of  Arthur,  but  he 
died  before  the  hero  was  bom. 


Even  alcke  of  a  tlxe  {m  t^  <*«  p»x\  at  he  wm,  b* 
eauMd  hlmaelf  to  ha  carried  forth  on  a  Uuer:  wlUi 
whoae  prvMttce  the  people  were  ao  encouraged,  that  «n> 
oountenng  with  the  nuona  thejr  wan  tbe  rktorte.— Holla- 
died,  attt«rg  ^Seoilmmd.  99. 

...  once  I  read 
That  ftout  Pendragon  on  hb  Utter  dck 
Came  to  the  Add.  and  vanqniahM  h  s  foet. 
1  iTenrjr  17.  act  UL  k.  1  (USS) 


Aupo'ra's  Tears,  the  morning  dew. 
These  tears  are  shed  for  the  death  of  her 
son  Memnon,  who  was  slain  by  Achilles 
at  the  siege  of  Troy. 

Auso'nia,  Italy,  so  called  from  An- 
son, son  of  Ulysses. 

.  .  .  romautk  Spain,— 
Oajr  Ulled  lleldi  of  Prance,  or.  mora  rained. 
The  aoft  Aoaonta's  raenuniental  retgn. 
CimpbeU.  UtrtruOs  9f  tKjwiwfiv.  tL  U  (UP0 

Austin,  the  assumed  name  of  the 
lord  of  (Harinsal,  when  he  renounced  the 
world  and  became  a  monk  of  St.  Nicholas. 
Theodore,  tibe  grandson  of  Alfonso,  was 
his  son,  and  rightfiU  heir  to  the  posses- 
sions and  title  of  the  count  of  Narbonne. 
— Robert  Jephson,  CkAmi  of  Narbonne 
(1782). 


Aus'tria  and  the  Ijion's 

There  is  an  old  tale  that  the  arch-duke  of 
Austria  killed  Richard  I.,  and  wore  as  a 
spoil  the  lion's  hide  which  belonged  to 
our  English  monarch.  Hence  Faulcon- 
brid^e  (the  natural  son  of  Richard)  says 
jeenngly  to  the  arch-duke : 

Thou  wear  a  llon't  hide  !  doff  it  for  rtuuna. 
And  hang  a  calf-eldn  on  thoee  rtrrMnt  UoibL 
Bhakeqware.  Kitm  John,  act  ill.  te.  1  (UM)b 

rrhe  point  is  better  imderstood  when  it 
is  borne  in  mind  that  fools  and  jesters 
were  dressed  in  calf-skins.) 

Aus'tiian  Ijip  {The)y  a  protruding 
under  jaw,  with  a  heavy  lip  aisinclincci 
to  shut  close.  It  came  from  aaiser  Maxi- 
milian 1.,  son  of  kaiser  Frederick  III.,  and 
was  inherited  from  his  mother  Cimbur^s, 
a  Polish  princess,  duke  of  MasoTia's 
daughter,  and  hence  called  the  '*Qoi- 
borgis  Under  Lip." 


AUTOLYOOS. 


67 


AVILION. 


Autol'yooe,  th«  craftiest  of  thieves. 
He  stole  t£e  flc»dcs  of  his  neighbours,  and 
diaz^ed  their  marks.  Sb'yphos  out- 
witted him  by  marking  his  sheep  under 
their  feet. 

Autol'ycuB.    a    pedlar   and    witty 
ro^roe,  in  The  Wmt^s  Tale,  by  Shake- 
(1604). 


AT'alon  or  Avallon,  Glastonbury, 
rnerally  emlled  the  **isle  of  Aralon." 
The  abode  of  king  Arthur,  ObSron, 
Norgaine  la  F^  the  Fees  generally,  and 
iometimca  called  the  "island  of  the 
blest."  It  is  very  fully  described  in  the 
French  romance  of  Ogier  U  DanoU. 
Touiyson  calls  it  Avil'ion  (^.o.).  Dray- 
ton, in  his  PotyoBHon,  styles  it "  the  ancient 
isle  of  AvSlon,**  and  tiie  Romans  "  insula 
Avalcnia.** 


bthstplMe  thatmlilii 
ior  fbmr  and  deUsbk 


M.  Divtoa.  rolpMl^m,  UL  [ISUf^ 


Avantorine  or  Aven'turine  (4 
fjf/.),  a  rariety  of  rock-crystal  haring 
a  spai^led  appearance,  caused  bv  scales  of 
■ka  or  crystals  of  copper.  'The  name 
is  borrowed  from  that  of  the  artificial 
^old-spaa^od  glass  obtained  in  tiie  first 
ustaace  par  aoenture  ("  by  accident  **). 

.  .  .  and  tbt  bait 
aad  with  dew-drop  or  wtUi  gMii. 
I  In  tiw  Mooe  Mmutoriaa. 

Ttnmjtim,  Oartth  and  Lgnttta. 

ATare  ( V).  The  plot  of  this  comedy 
is  as  follows :  Harpagon  the  miser  and 
kis  son  Clcante  (2  aul.)  both  want  %o 
Msrty  Mariane  (3  sj^/.),  dauf^ter  of  An- 
leioif,  alias  don  lliomas  cTAlburci,  of 
Xatdes.  Clcante  gets  possession  of  a 
essket  of  gold  belonging  to  the  miser, 
sad  hiddea  in  the  garden.  When  Har- 
pai^on  discovers  his  loss  he  raves  like  a 
mad  man,  and  Cl^nte  gives  him  the  choice 
of  Mariane  or  the  casket.  The  miser 
doosM  the  casket,  and  leaves  the  younj^ 
lady  to  his  son.  The  second  plot  is 
coaaccted  with  Elise  (2  sj//.),  the  misers 
daughter,  promised  in  marriage  by  the 
faUwr  to  his  friend  Ansel  me  (2  syl.) ; 
bat  Elise  is  herself  in  love  with  Valbre, 
who,  bcwever,  turns  out  to  be  the  son  of 
Anselme.  As  soon  as  Anselme  discovers 
that  Valfere  is  his  son,  who  he  thought 
fcad  been  lost  at  sea,  he  resigns  to  him 
Elise,  and  so  in  both  inrtanccs  the  young 
fc4ks  marry  tog^er,  and  the  old  ones 
ore  ap  thar  unnatural  rivalry. — ^Moli^re, 
LAvart  (1667). 

ATa'tar.  the  descent  of  Brahma  to 
'-  earth.    It  is  said  in  Hirdft  mytho- 


logy that  Brahma  has  already  descended 
nine  times  in  various  forms,  Sut  is  yet  to 
appear  a  tenth,  in  the  figure  of  a  warrior 
upon  a  white  horse,  to  cut  off  all  incor- 
rigible offenders. 

Kin*  tl0kM  luv«  Brahma'*  wtaeb  of  HKhtnlng  tariad 

Uls  awfkd  pruwnm]  o'er  iha  afaumld  world : 

Nine  tiiOM  haUi  GuUt,  throucb  all  hl»  glank  tnmm, 

Coavubiva  tremblad,  aa  ttie  Migbigr  came ; 

Nina  tluMt  bath  MSMng  Mercy  spared  In  vain.— 

But  heaven  ■lian  bunt  her  etany  sate*  iwaln. 

He  oauMs  I  dread  Brahma  shakes  the  aunleai  akf  .  . . 

HeavM'i  flenr  horae,  beneath  hi*  warrlur-Corm, 

Plawi  Um  Ught  elouds.  and  gaUope  on  the  storm. 

Chmpbell.  Pimaamm  ^  Sop*,  i.  (1790). 

Ave'nel  (2  svM,  Julian  Avenel^  the 
usurper  of  Avenel  Castle. 

Lady  AJioe  Avenel,  widow  of  sir 
Walter. 

Mary  Aoenel,  daughter  of  lady  Alice. 
She  marries  Halbert  Glendinning. — 8ir 
W.  Scott,  The  Monastery  (date  1559). 

Ave'nel  (Sir  HcUbert  Glendinning^  knight 
of),  same  as  the  brid^room  in  The 
Monasteru. 

The  ladyMarv  of  Avenel,  8Ame  as  The 
bride  in  The  Monaster y.-^ir  W.  Scott, 
The  Abbot  (time^  Elizabeth). 

The  White  Lady  of  Avenel,  a  spirit 
mysteriously  connected  with  the  Avenel 
family,  as  Uie  Irish  banshee  is  with  true 
Mile'sian  families.  She  announces  good 
or  ill  fortune,  and  manifests  a  general 
interest  in  the  family  to  which  she  is 
attach^,  but  to  others  she  acts  with  con- 
siderable caprice;  thus  she  shows  un- 
mitigated malignity  to  the  sacristan  and 
the  robber.  Any  truly  virtuous  mortal 
has  commanding  power  over  her. 

Noon  Yearns  on  the  hke. 

Noon  jclow*  on  the  fell ; 
Awake  tliee.  awake. 

White  maid  of  Avanal  i 
Sta-  W.  Scott.  r*«  Motuuurg  (Ume.  Blabethji 

Aven'ger  of  Blood,  the  man  who 
had  the  oirthright,  according  to  the 
Jewish  polity,  of  taking  vengeance  on 
him  who  had  killed  one  of  his  relatives. 

.  .  .  the  Cbristleai  code. 
That  mittt  have  life  for  a  blow. 

Tennnoo,  Maud,  11.  L  L 

AT'icen  or  Abctt-Um'Sma,  an  Arabian 

gbysician  and  philosopher,  bom  at 
hiraa,  in  Persia  (980-iOB7).  He  com- 
posed a  treatise  on  logic,  and  another  on 
metaphysics.  Avicen  is  called  both  the 
Hippo'crates  and  the  Aristotle  of  the 
Arabs. 

or  phyateka  aBeake  for  me.  king  Avhnn  .  .  . 
Yet  WB*  his  gwr)'  never  set  on  dkelft. 
Nor  never  ahall,  rhyles  any  worlde  m»j  stande 
Where  men  have  mliule  to  take  good  bookes  In  haade. 
a  GaaoDlgne.  Th»  rntUa  1/  ir«mr.  IvIL  (died  1S.7). 

Avillon  {''the  apple  island''),  near 
the  terrestrial  paradise.     (See  AvAU>X.) 


ATLHER. 


68 


BAAL 


Where  fall*  not  hall,  or  r»in,  or  any  mow. 
Nor  ever  vIimI  blows  loudly  ;  but  U  llct 
Dcep-nieadowed.  bappf.  fair  with  orchard-lawni 
Aiid  bowery  hollows  crowned  with  auouner  am, 
Wture  I  [4rt*«(rJ  will  heal  nie  of  tny  xHevous  wound. 

Tennjrioii,  Mortt  itArthtir. 

Ayl'mer  (i/rj.)j  a  neighbour  of  sir 
Henry  I^.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Woodstock 
(time,  CommoD wealth). 

Ay'mQF  (Prior)^  a  jovial  Benedictine 
monk,  prior  of  Jorvaulx  Abbey. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  loanhoe  (time,  Kiohard  I.). 

Ay'nLon,  dnke  of  DordOna  (Dor- 
dojnc).  He  had  four  tons,  Uinaldo, 
(iuicciardu,  Alardo,  and  Kicciardetto 
(<.<'.  lienaud,  Gui»card,  Alard,  and 
Richard),  whose  adventures  are  the  sub- 
ject of  a  French  romance,  entitled  Let 
Qaatrejiiz  Aymon^  by  H.  de  Alleneuve 
(11G5-1223). 

As'amat-Bat'iik,  pseudonym  of  M. 
Thicbland,  war  corresi)undent  of  the 
PcUl-Mall  Gazette,  in  1870. 

Asa'zel,  one  of  the  ginn  or  jinn,  all  of 
whom  were  made  of  **  smokeless  fire,** 
that  is,  the  (ire  of  the  Simoom.  These 
jinn  inhabited  the  earth  before  man  was 
created,  but  on  account  of  their  {tersistent 
diMobodicnce  were  driven  from  it  by  an 
army  of  angels.  >Vhen  Adam  was 
created,  and  God  commanded  all  to  wor- 
shiD  liim,  Az&xel  insolently  made  answer, 
**  Me  hast  Thou  created  of  (ire,  and  him  of 
earth;  why  should  I  worship  himV" 
Whereupon  God  changed  the  jmnee  into 
a  devil,  and  called  him  Iblis  or  Despair. 
In  hell  he  was  made  the  standard-bearer 
of  Satan's  host. 

Upreared 
Hb  mighbr  standard ;  Uiat  proud  honoor  ehd— d 
AiAael  as  bis  rUhC 

Mlllon.  AmuMM  Lo$t,  t  04  (1«9). 

Asia,  a  suttee,  the  young  widow  of 
Ar'valan,  son  of  Keha'ma. — Southey, 
Cvu-sc  of  Kelkuna,  i.  10  (1809). 

Az'Oy  husband  of  Parisi'na.  He  was 
marquis  d'Este,  of  Ferrara,  and  had 
already  a  natural  son,  Hugo,  bv  Bianca, 
who,  "never  made  his  bride,  died  of 
a  broken  heart.  Hugo  was  b^broUied 
to  Parisina  before  she  married  the  mar- 
quis, and  after  she  became  his  mother- 
in-law,  they  loved  on  still.  One  night 
A/.0  beard  Parisina  in  sleep  express  her 
luvc  for  Hugo,  and  the  angry  marquis 
condemned  his  son  to  death.  Although 
he  Hpared  his  bride,  no  one  ever  knew 
what  became  of  her. — Byron,  Paritma. 


As'rae)  (3  8yL)y  the  angel  of  death 
(called  Rai^iael  in  the  Oospei  of  Barna- 
bas),— Al  Koran, 

As'teca8,an  Indian  tribe,  which  <*nn- 
quered  the  Hoamen  (2  syl.),  seized  their 
territory,  and  established  themselves  on 
a  southern  branch  of  tlie  Missouri,  having 
Az'tlan  as  their  imperial  city.  >Vhcn 
Madoc  conquered  toe  Aztocas  in  the 
twelfth  century,  be  restored  the  II oa- 
men,  and  the  Aztecas  migrated  to  Mexico. 
— Southey,  MaJoc  (1805). 

As'tlan,  the  imperial  city  of  the 
Az'tecas,  on  a  souUiem  branch  of  the 
Missouri.  It  belonged  to  the  Hoamen  '2 
«tf/.).  but  this  tribe  being  conquered  by 
the  Aztecas,  the  city  followed  Uic  fate  of 
war.  When  Madoc  led  his  colony  to 
North  America,  he  took  the  part  of  the 
Hoamen,  and,  conquering  the  Axtecaa, 
restored  the  city  and  all  the  territory 
pertaining  thereto  to  the  queen  Krill'yab, 
and  the  Aztecas  migrated  to  Mexico.  The 
city  Aztlan  is  described  as  *'full  of 
palaces,  gardens,  groves,  and  houses  '*  fin 
the  twelfth  century).— -Southey,  Maouc 
(1805). 

Asuoe'na,  a  gipsy.  Ifanri'co  is  sup- 
posed to  be  hur  Hull,  but  is  in  reality  the 
son  of  Giir/ia  (brother  of  the  coate  di 
Una).— Verdi,  //  Trovato'ri  (ISoiJ). 

Azyoru'oa  (4  syl.),  queen  of  the  snakes 
and  dragons.  She  resides  in  Patala,  or  the 
infernal  r^ons. — JJindu  Mythology, 

There  AjQPotuca  veilHi  her  awful  fom 
lu  Uioae  etenud  slutduws.    Tliare  <be  sat. 
And  as  Uie  treniliUiiK  souls  who  crowd  around 
The  Judtpnent  seat  received  the  duooi  of  fbta. 
Her  ilaut  arms,  exteudlug  (h>ai  Ute  doud. 
Draw  tiient  within  Uie  darkneM. 

SootfMgr.  Curse  V^  jr«*MM.  nUL  is  (ISniu 


Baal,  pin.  BaaHm,  a  genenl  name 
for  all  the  Syrian  gods,  as  Ash'taroth  was 
for  the  goddesses,  llie  general  version 
of  the  legend  of  Baal  is  the  same  as  that 
of  Adonis,  Thammuz^  Osiris,  and  the 
Arabian  mA'th  of  El  Rjiouder.  All  alle> 
gorize  the  Sun,  six  months  above  and  ^ix 
months  below  the  eouator.  As  a  title  of 
honour^  the  word  Baal,  Bal,  Bel,  etc., 
enters  into  a  large  number  of  PhomiciAB 


BAALBEC  OF  IRELAND. 


BACCHUS. 


ttd  OiTtlwiginian  Moper  names,  as  Hanni- 
Ul,  Hudni-bal,  Bel-ehuzar,  etc 


,  Baalbeo  of  Ireland,  Rilmallock 
in  liznerick,  noted  for  its  rainy. 

Bab  {Lady),  &  waiting  maid  on  a  lady 
•0  called,  who  assumes  the  airs  with  the 
name  and  address  of  her  mistress.  Her 
felkw-servants  and  other  servants  address 
her  as  "lady  Bab,"  or  "  Your  ladyship." 
She  is  a  fine  wench,  *'  but  by  no  means 
nvticolar  in  keeping  her  teeth  clean." 
abe  lays  she  never  reads  hot  one  "  book, 
vhjch  is  Shikspur."  And  she  calls 
Lovel  and  Freeinan,  two  gentlemen  of 
fwinne,  "downright  hottenpots." — Rev. 
J.  Townley,  High  Life  Below  Staira  (1763). 

BalM,  chief  of  the  eunnchs  in  the 
eooit  of  the  snltana  Gulbey'az. — Byron, 
Aw  Aon,  T.  28,  etc.  (1820). 

Haba  (Ali),  who  relates  the  storr  of  the 
"  Forty  Thieves  "  in  the  Arabian  Nig  Mm* 
EtUeriaimmitHt*.  He  discovered  the 
Uiicves*  cave  while  hiding  in  a  tree,  and 
heard  the  magic  word  "Ses'ame,"  at 
which  the  door  of  the  care  opened  and 
rimt. 

Guam  BdbOj  brother  of  Ali  Baba,  who 
csteied  tibe  care  of  the  forty  thieves,  but 
fo^f^  the  pass-word,  and  stood  crying 
*»Open Wheat !"  "  Open  Barley !"  to  the 
door,  which  obeyed  no  sound  but  '*  Open 
Sesame!" 

Baba  Mos'tapha,  a  cobbler  who 
Kwed  together  the  four  pieces  into  which 
Csssim^s  Dody  had  been  cleft  by  the  forty 
thieves.  Wnen  the  thieves  discovert 
tbat  the  body  had  been  taken  away,  they 
KBt  one  of  the  band  into  the  cit}',  to 
sseertsan  who  had  died  of  late.  The  man 
hsfipeaed  to  enter  the  cobbler's  stall,  and 
faXixD^  into  a  gossip  heard  about  the  body 
vfaidk  the  cobbler  had  sewed  together, 
liaitapha  pointed  out  to  him  the  house 
«C  Casaim  Baba's  widow,  and  the  thief 
flwrked  it  with  a  piece  of  white  chalk. 
?iext  day  ttie  cobbler  pointed  out  tiie 
kooK  to  another,  who  marked  it  with 
red  dkalk.  And  Uie  day  following  he 
points  it  oat  to  the  captain  of  the  band, 
who  instead  of  marking  the  door  studied 
the  bouse  till  he  felt  sure  of  recognizing 
it.— Ara6«iji  NighU  ("Ali  Baba  or  The 
Forty  Thieves"). 

Bababalouk,   chief   of   the  black 
*au^  whoae  dsty  it  was  to  wait  on  the 


sultan,  to  gmud  the  sultanas,  and  to 
superintend  the  harem. — Habesci,  State  of 
the  Ottoman  Empire,  15»-6. 

Ba'bel  ("am/tt»ion").  There  isatown 
in  Abyssinia  called  Habeshy  the  Arabic 
word  for  "  confusion."  This  town  is  so 
called  from  the  great  diversity  of  races 
by  which  it  is  inhabited:  Christians, 
Jews,  and  Mohammedans,  Ethiopians, 
Arabians,  Falashas  {exiles).  Gal  las,  and 
N^roes,  all  consort  together  there. 

Babes  in  the  Wood,  insurrec- 
tionary hordes  that  infested  the  mountains 
of  Wicklow,  and  the  woods  of  Ennis- 
cartiiy  towards  the  close  of  the  eighteenth 
century.    (See  Childrbm  in  thk  Wood.) 

Babie,  old  Alice  Gray's  8er\'ant-girl. 
— Sir  W.  Scott,  Bride  of  Lammermoor 
(time,  William  III.). 

Babie'ea  (3  syL)^  the  Cid*s  horse. 

I  iMnt  to  pffat  BaMmk  from  hto  hMd  unto  hla  booT. 

Tkm  Cid  {Wm. 

Baboon  (Philip),  Philippe  Bourbon, 
due  d*Anjou. 

Lewie  Baboon,  Louis  XTY.,  "a  false 
loon  of  a  grandfather  to  Philip,  and  one 
that  might  justly  be  called  a  Jack-of- 
aU-trades." 

BoBicUnMi  ]roa  nooU  ne  thia  Levli  Btoboon  behind  hU 
eovnter.  MtUng  broad-doth.  «ome»haM  imsMaring  bocn ; 
next  dur  he  would  be  deattnf  In  meroenr-ware :  high 
bende.  nWKWW.  i^ovee.  baa.  Mid  Uu*.  be  andentond  to  » 
nieety  .  .  .  najr.  be  woald  dcjwad  to  the  aelllng  of  tapei^ 
SUten.  aad  aboebncfcle^  When  ahop  »ae  (hut  •!•  bo 
woold  go  about  the  nei^boorbood,  and  earn  half -A-crovn, 
br  teaching  the  yoaiig  men  and  raoldem  u>  daon*.  by 
tnew  means  be  Bad  acquired  lounetiM  ricfaee,  which  he 
rued  to  aqnander  awajr  at  back-«word  [In  mar\  quarter- 
tUdt,  and  eodgel-plajr.  in  which  he  took  great  pleaaura.— 
Dr.  Arbothnot.  Mittarr  ctT  John  BmU.  IL  (1712). 

Bab'ylon.  Ccuro  in  Egypt  was  so 
called  by  the  crusaders.  Mime  was  so 
called  by  the  puritans ;  and  London  was, 
and  still  is  so  called  by  some^  on  account 
of  its  wealth,  luxury,  and  dissipation. — 
The  reference  is  to  Ret.  xvii.  and  xviii. 

Babylonian  WalL  llie  foundress 
of  this  wall  (two  hundred  cubits  high, 
and  fifty  thick),  was  SemirSmis^  mythic 
foundress  of  the  Assyrian  empire.  She 
was  the  daughter  of  the  fish-goddess 
Dei'ceto  of  AmSIou,  and  a  Sjrrian  youth. 

Ourslatnee  ...  the 

The  foundraa  of  the  Babylonian  waB. 

Teonjraon.  r*«  Prtnetu,  B. 

Bacchan'tes  (3  ayi.),  priestesses  of 
Bacchus. 

Bound  about  htm  ^Baeekus]  lair  Baccfaantte, 
Bearing  armbah.  ftitee,  and  thyrset. 

Wild  from  KadaB  groret,  or  Zant4's 
VIneyaida,  ring  ddtrkms  veraeL 

IiongfeOow,  DrinHmf  801*9. 

BacohnSy  m   the   Lusiad,   an   epic 


BACIIARACH. 


70 


BADKOULBOUDOUR. 


uoem  by  Cftinoeii*  (1569),  is  the  perroni- 
fication  of  the  evil  principle  which  acts  in 
opposition  to  Jupiter,  the  lord  of  Destiny. 
Mars  is  made  by  the  poet  the  guardian 
Dower  of  Christianity,  and  Bacchus  of 
Mohammedanism. 

Bacharaoli,  a  red  wine,  so  called 
from  a  town  of  the  same  name  in  the 
Lower  Palatinate.  Pope  Pius  II.  used  to 
import  a  tun  of  it  to  Rome  yearly,  and 
Nuremberyi:  obtained  its  freedom  at  the 
price  of  four  casks  of  it  a-year.  The 
word  Bacharach  means  '*the  altar  of 
Bacchus  "  {Bacchi  ara)^  the  altar  referred 
to  being  a  rock  in  the  bed  of  the  river, 
which  indicated  to  the  vine-growers  what 
sort  of  year  thev  might  expect.  If  the 
head  of  tiie  rock  appeared  above  water 
the  season  was  a  dry  one,  and  a  fine 
vintage  might  be  looked  for ;  if  not  it 
was  a  wet  season,  and  bad  for  the  grapes. 

.  .  that  ancient  town  of  Bacharach.— 
The  beantifiil  town  that  gtve*  us  wine. 
With  the  bacrant  odour  of  Muiradlqe. 

Longfellow,  Th*  (Md«n  lAgtmd, 

Backbite  {Sir  Benjamin),  nephew  of 
Crnbtrec',  very  conceited,  and  very  cen- 
sorious. His  friends  called  him  a  great 
poet  and  wit,  but  he  never  published  any- 
thing, because  ** 'twas  very  vulgar  to 
print;"  besides,  as  he  said,  his  little  pro- 
ductions circulated  more  "  by  giving 
copies  in  confidence  to  friends.  —Sheri- 
dan, School  for  Scandal  (1777). 

When  I  flnt  mw  Mbi  Pope  Ae  was  performlns  "Mrs. 
Candour."  to  Mtas  Farreu's  "  lad/  Teaxle."  King  as  "sir 
Peter."  Parsons  "Crabtree.'*  Dodd  "  Backbite."  Baddeler 
"Moses."  Smith  "Charles."  and  John  Palmer  " Joseph ** 
Sarfacel— James  Smith.  JVemolrs.  «fe 


Bacon  of  Theology,  bishop  But- 
ler, author  of  The  Analogy  of  Religion^ 
Natural  and  Revealed^  etc,  (1692-1752). 

Bacrack,  a  red  German  wine.  (See 
Bacharach.) 

Bactrian  Sage  {The)^  Zoroas'ter 
or  Zcrdusht,  a  native  of  Bactria,  now 
Balkh  (B.O.  589-618). 

Bade'bec  (2  s^/.),  wife  of  Garnmtua 
and  mother  of  Pan'tagruel'.  She  died  in 
giving  him  birth,  or  rather  in  gixnng 
birth  at  the  same  time  to  900  dromedaries 
Inden  with  ham  and  smoked  tongues,  7 
camels  laden  with  eels,  and  25  waggons 
foil  of  leeks,  garlic,  onions,  and  shal- 
lots.—Babelais,  Pantagruel,  ii.  2  (1588). 

Badger  (Will),  sir  Hugh  Kobsnrt's 
favourite  domestic. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Kenii- 
w/rth  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Bad^ger  {Mr,  Bajfham),  medical  prac- 


titioner at  Chelsea,  under  whom  Richard 
Carstone  pursues  his  studies.  BIr.  Badger 
is  a  crisp-looking  gentleman,  with  "sur- 
prised eyes  ;"  very  proud  of  being  Mrs. 
Badi^r's  "  third,"'  and  always  referring 
to  her  former  tivo  husbands^  captain 
Swosser  and  professor  Dingo. — C. 
Dickens,  Bleak  House  (1858). 

Badinguet  [Bad',en,gay]^  one  of  the 
many  nicknames  of  Napoleon  III.  It 
was  the  name  of  the  mason  in  whose 
clothes  he  escaped  from  the  fortress  of 
Ham  (1808,  1851-1873). 

Ba'don,  Bath.  The  twelfth  great  ric- 
toiy  of  Arthur  over  the  Saxons  was  at 
Badon  Hill  (Bannerdown). 

Tbsgr  mnf  bow  he  hlnaelf  lUmff  Jt«k<ir]at  BadoD  bora 

Oat  day. 
Wlien  at  the  glorloos  goal  Us  Britlsb  seeMre  lajr. 
Two  days  together  how  the  battle  strangqr  stood  { 
PendrMion'a  worthy  son  [Hng  Arthur] . . . 
Three  hundred  Suons  sk-w  with  his  own  TaUant  hand. 
M.  Drajrtoo.  /WoCMms.  It.  (K1^ 

Badou'ra,  daughter  of  Gaiour  (2 
eyl,)  king  of  China,  the  *'  most  beautiful 
woman  ever  seen  upon  earth."  The  em- 
peror Gaiour  wished  her  to  marry,  but 
she  expressed  an  aversion  to  wcMllock. 
However,  one  night  by  faiir  influence  she 
was  shown  prince  Camaral^man  asleep, 
fell  in  love  with  him,  and  exchanged 
rings.  Next  da^  she  inquired  for  the 
prince,  but  her  mquiry  was  thought  so 
absurd  that  she  was  confined  as  a  mad 
woman.  At  length  her  foster-brother 
solved  the  difficulty  thus :  The  emperor 
having  proclaimed  that  whoever  cured 
the  princess  of  her  [supposed!  madness 
shoiud  have  her  for  Lis  wife,  he  sent 
Camaralsaman  to  play  the  magician,  and 
imparted  the  secret  to  the  princess  by 
sending  her  the  ring  she  had  left  with 
the  sleeping  prince.  The  cure  was 
instantly  effected,  and  the  marriage 
solemnized  with  due  pomp.  When  the 
emperor  was  informed  toat  his  son- 
in-law  was  a  prince,  whose  father  was  4"^ 
sultan  of  the  *'  Island  of  the  Children  of  ^ 
Khal'edan,  some  twenty  days*  sail  from 
the  coast  of  Persia,"  he  was  delighted 
with  the  alliance. — Arabian  Nights 
("  Camaralzaman  and  Badoura  ")• 

Badroul'boudoury  daughter  of  the 
sultan  of  China,  a  beautiful  brunette. 
'*  Her  eyes  were  large  and  sparkling, 
her  expression  modest,  her  mouth  small, 
her  lips  vermilion,  and  her  figure  per- 
fect." She  became  the  wife  of  Aladdin, 
but  twice  nearly  caused  his  death  :  once 
by  exchanging  **  the  wonderful  lamp  ** 
for  a  new  copper  one,  aad  onca  by  giviBg 


BiBTICA. 


71 


BAnUF. 


te^telitSr  to  the  iUae  Fatiimu  Aladdin 
killed  boih  these  magiciaiit. — Arabian 
NifAU    ("AUddin    or   The    Wondeifal 

Baa^ea  or  Beotio  Vale,  Gnmada 
sttl  Andalusia,  or  Spain  in  geneiaL  So 
called  from  Um  river  Birtis  or  Gnadal- 
qmrer. 


Or 
1* 


Wlifle  o' V  Um  BMk  vikto 


fUbtlTMadB. 


Bagdad.  A  hermit  told  the  caliph 
Alnanzor  that  one  Modas  was  destined 
to  foond  a  city  on  the  spot  where  he  was 
etandii^;.  ^*I  am  that  man,**  said  the 
caliph,  and  he  then  informed  the  hermit 
how  in  his  boyhood  he  once  stole  a 
bracdec,  and  his  nnrse  ever  after  called 
hin  **  Moctas,**  the  name  of  a  well-known 
AteL—Mmngay, 

Bagshotfe  one  of  agans  of  thieves 
viio  conspire  to  break  into  ue  house  of 
Isdr  Boontifnl.— Farquhar,  The  Bea'tjc' 
SMagem  (1706). 


_  {Major  Jo$)y     an   apo- 

i^eetie  retired  military  officer,  ^^^^  ^" 
Princess's  Place,  opposite  to  Miss  Tox. 
The  major  had  a  covert  kindness  for  Miss 
Tox,  and  was  jealous  of  Mr.  Dombey. 
He  speaks  of  himself  as  '*  Old  Joe  Baj?- 
stock,"  "Old  Joey,"  "Old  J.,"  "Old 
Jo^,"  "Ronefa  and  ton^  Old  Jo,"  "J. 
R.,"  "  Old  J.  B.,**  and  so  on.  He  is  also 
gireo  to  over  eiting,  and  to  abusing  his 
poor  native  servant. — C.  Dickens,  Dwnbcy 
and  Sam  (1846). 

Bah'adar,  master  of  the  horse  to 
the  kiag  of  the  Magi.  Prince  Am'giad 
was  enticed  by  a  collet  to  enter  the 
Minister's  house,  and  when  Bahadar  re- 
tsraed,  be  was  net  a  little  surprised  at  the 
fight  of  his  uninvited  gnest.  The  prince, 
h^ever,  explained  to  him  in  private  how 
the  matter  stood,  and  Bahadar,  entering 
iato  the  fun  of  the  thing,  Assumed  for  the 
nonce  the  place  of  a  slave.  The  collet 
would  have  murdered  him,  but  Amgiad, 
to  save  the  minister,  cut  off  her  head. 
Bahadar,  being  arrested  for  murder,  was 
'  MidemMd  to  death,  but  Amgiad  came 
forward  and  told  the  whole  truth,  where- 
■poo  Bahadar  was  instantly  releasedj  and 
Amgiad  created  vizier. — ArtUnan  ^itjhU 
r  Amgiad  and  Assad"). 


{Prmce)^  eldest  son  of  the 
mltan   Khfoaoo-tehah  of   Persia.     In 


infancT  he  was  taken  from  the  palace  b^r 
the  sultana's  sisters,  and  set  adrift  on  a 
canal,  but  being  rescoed  by  the  superin- 
tendoit  of  the  sultan*s  gudens,  he  was 
brought  up,  and  afterwards  restored  to 
the  sultan.  It  was  the  "talking  bird" 
that  told  the  sultan  the  tale  of  the  young 
princess  abduction. 

Prince  Bahman'a  Knife,  When  prince 
Bahmac  started  on  his  exploits,  he  gave 
to  his  sister  Parazldd  (4  syL)  a  knife, 
saying,  "  As  long  as  you  find  this  knife 
dean  and  bright,  you  may  feel  assured 
that  I  am  alive  and  well ;  but  if  a  drop 
of  blood  falls  from  it,  you  may  know  that 
I  am  no  lonicer  alive."— iira&iaa  Nights 
("  The  Two  Sisters,"  the  last  tale). 

Bailey,  a  sharp  lad  in  the  service  of 
Todger*s  boarding-house.  His  ambition 
was  to  appear  quite  a  full-grown  man. 
On  leaving  Mrs.  Todger's,  he  became  the 
servant  of  Montague  Tigg,  manager  of 
the  "  Ai^lo-Uen^ee  Company." —C. 
Dickens,  Martin  ChuzxlewU  (1)M4). 

Bailio  (General) J  a  parliamentary 
leader.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Legend  ©/  Mont- 
rote  (time,  Charles  1.). 

Bailie  {Qilet)^  a  gipsy;  father  of  Ga- 
brael  Faa  (ncplicw  to  Mc^  Merrilies). — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  (Jug  Mannering  (time, 
Creorge  II.). 

Bailiff's  Daughter  of  Isling- 
ton  (in  Norfolk).  A  squire*s  son  loved 
the  bailifiTs  daughter,  but  she  gave  him 
no  encouragement,  and  his  friends  sent 
him  to  London  "an  apprentice  for  to 
binde.**  After  the  lapse  of  seven  y^rs, 
the  bailiff's  daughter,  "  in  ragged  attire, 
set  out  to  walk  to  London,  "her  true  love 
to  inquire."  The  young  man  on  horse- 
back met  her,  but  knew  her  not.  "  One 
penny,  one  penny,  kind  sir ! "  she  said. 
"Where  were  vou  bom?"  asked  the 
young  num.  "  At  Islington,"  she  replied. 
"  Then  prithee,  sweetheart,  do  you  know 
the  bailiff's  daughter  there?"  "She's 
dead,  sir,  long  ago."  Otk  hearing  this  the 
young  man  declared  he'd  live  an  exile  in 
some  foreign  Innd.  "  Stay,  oh  stay, 
thou  goodly  youth,"  the  maiden  criftd, 
"  she  IS  nH  really  dead,  for  I  am  bhc." 
"  Then  fareweL  grief  arid  welcome  joy, 
for  I  have  found  my  true  luvo,  whom  I 
feared  1  should  never  see  again." — Percy, 
Relk:9  of  English  Poetry^  ii.  8. 

Baillif  (Herry)j  mine  host  in  the 
Canterbury  TaleSy  by  Chaucer  (1388). 
When  the  poet  begins  the  second  fit  of 


BAILZOU. 


7S 


BALANCS. 


tbe  **K]ne  of  Sir  Thopas,*"  mine  host 
exdAims : 

No  imv  of  this  for  Ooddte  dfsnitle ! 
For  tboa  inak«st  me  so  wery  . .  .  that 
Mine  aerwaken  for  tbj  nasty  speoche. 

▼.  1ft.  M7.  etc  (U88). 

Bailsou  {Ann*apl€)y  the  nurac  of 
Effie  Denns  in  her  confinement. — Sir  W, 
Scott,  Heart  of  MidlothioM  (time,  George 

II.). 

Baiser-Liaxnoxirette  (see  Lamour- 
ette*8  Kutt)j  »  short-liTed  reconciliation. 

n  7  av^t  (30  Jntn.  I7M).  ■dsrioti  atitre  las  membrei  de 
rAMOtuliMe.  LamoarettalasexhortaAsereooncilier.  Pcr- 
mmd6s  par  son  discount  ib  s'einbrMa^rent  i«s  una  let 
antret.  Mal«  cette  rfconrilbUion  ne  dum  pas  detnt 
Jours:  et  eHe  fat  MentM  ridkulM  soos  le  oom  de  Baimr' 
i^nMursera.— BouUlet.  MoC  ^BUt.,  Uo. 

Bc^ar'dOy  Rinaldo'8  steed. — Ariosto, 
Oriatulo  Purioso  (1516). 

Baj'aaet,  sumamed  "The  Thunder- 
bolt" (ilderim),  sultan  of  Turkey. 
After  subjugating  Bulgaria,  Macedonia, 
Thessaly,  and  Asia  Minor,  he  laid  siege 
to  Constantinople,  but  was  taken  captive 
by  Tamerlane  emperor  of  Tartarj'.  He 
was  fierce  as  a  wolf,  reckless,  and  in- 
domitable. Being  asked  by  Tamerlane 
how  he  would  have  treated  him  had  their 
lot«  been  reversed,  "Like  a  dog,"  he 
cried.  "I  would  have  made  you  my 
footstool  when  1  mounted  my  saddle, 
and  when  your  services  were  not  needed 
would  have  chained  you  in  a  cage  like 
a  wild  beast."  Tamerlane  replied,  "Then 
to  show  you  the  difference  of  my  spirit, 
I  shall  treat  you  as  a  king."  So  saying, 
he  ordered  his  chains  to  be  struck  off, 
gave  him  one  of  the  royal  tents,  and 

Eromised  to  restore  him  to  his  throne  if 
e  would  lay  aside  his  hostility.  Bajazet 
abused  this  noble  generosity  ;  plotted  the 
assassination  of  Tamerlane;  and  bow- 
strung  Mone'ses.  Finding  clemency  of 
no  use,  Tamerlane  commanded  him  to 
be  used  "as  a  dog,  and  to  be  chained 
in  a  cage  like  a  wild  beast."— N.  Uowe, 
Tmnerlcme  (a  tragedy,  1702;. 

♦**  This  was  one  of  the  favourite  parts 
of  Spranger  Barry  (1719-1777)  and  J. 
Kemble  (1767-1823). 

Bajazet,  a  black  page  at  St.  James's 
Palace.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Peveril  of  the 
Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Bajura,  Mahomet's  standard. 

Baker  ( TVwr),  and  the  "  Baker's  Wife." 
I^uis  XVI.  and  Marie  Antoinette  were 
so  called  by  the  revolutionarj'  party, 
because  on  the  6th  October,  1789,  they 
ordered  a  simply  of  broad  to  be  given  to 


the  mob  which  surrounded  the  palace  at 
Versailles,  clamouring  for  bread. 

Balaam  (2  syL),  the  carl  of  Hunt- 
ingdon, one  of  the  rebels  in  the  army  of 
the  duke  of  Monmouth. 

And  tbenfare.  In  Um  nana  of  dnlnea,  ba 
The  well4iung  Bslaam. 


Ba'taaaif  a  "citizen  of  sober  fame,** 
who  lived  near  the  monument  of  London. 
While  poor  he  was  "  religious,  punctuivl, 
and  frugal ; "  but  when  ne  became  rich 
and  got  knighted,  he  seldom  went  tn 
churt^,  became  a  courtier,  "  took  a  bribe 
from  France,"  and  was  hung  for  treason. 
— Pope,  Moral  Jissays,  iii. 

Balaam  and  Josaphat,  a  religious 
novel  by  Johannes  Daniascenus,  son  of 
Almansur.     (For  plot,  sec  Josaphat.) 

Balaok,  Dr.  Bumct,  bishop  of  Salis- 
bury, who  wrote  a  historj'  called  Burnet's 
Own  Time,  and  History' of  the  Refonna- 
fion.— Dryden  and  Tate,  Absalom  and 
Achitophet,  ii. 

BalaclaVa,  a  comiption  of  bella 
chiare  ("beautiful  port"),  so  called  by 
the  Genoese,  who  raised  the  fortress,  some 
poitions  of  which  stillexist.  (SeeCHAUCB.) 

Balafr^  (Le),  alias  LudoWc  Lesly,  an 
old  archer  of  the  Scottish  Guard  at  Plessis 
les  Tours,  one  of  the  castle  palaces  of 
Louis  XI.  Le  Balafrc'  is  uncle  to  Queq- 
tin  Durward.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Qucniim 
Durvcard  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

%•  Henri,  son  of  Francois  second 
duke  of  Guise,  was  called  J^  Balafr€ 
("  the  gashed  "),  from  a  frightful  scar  in 
the  face  from  a  sword-cut  in  the  battle  of 
Dormans  (1575). 

BalAm',  the  ox  on  which  the  faithful 
feed  in  paradise.  The  fish  is  called  Nttn, 
the  lob^  of  whose  liver  will  suffice  for 
70,000  men. 

Balan',  brother  of  Balyn  or  Balin  le 
Savage,  two  of  the  most  valiant  knights 
that  the  worlct  ever  produced. — Sir  T. 
Malory,  History  of  Prince  Arikw,  L  31 
(1470). 

Balan,  "the  bravest  and  strongest  of 
all  the  giant  race."  Am'adis  de  Gaul 
rescued  Gabriolctta  from  his  hands. — 
Vasco  de  Lobcira,  Amadis  de  (raul,  iv. 
129  (fourteenth  centur>'). 

Balance  {,,htstioe),  father  of  Sylvia. 
He  had  once  been  in  the  army,  and  as  he 
had  run  the  gauntlet  himself,  he  could 
make  excuses  for  the  wild   pranka  of 


BALAND  OF  SPAIN. 


78 


BALIN. 


yocng  men. — G.  Farqnlutf,  The  Becrwiimg 
Ofoer  (1704). 

Baland.  of  fihpmin,  a  num  of  gieaotie 
strength,  who  called  himaelf ''  Fioahnft.** 
— Mediag^ai  £omanoe, 

Baldhris^e  (Jetmy),  housekeeper  to 
the  laird  of  Dumhicdikce.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
ticari  cf  MkUoUuan  (time,  (George  U.). 

Ba]clu'tiia»  a  town  belonging  to  the 
Britooa  on  the  river  Clyde.  It  Ml  into 
Ibe  hands  of  Comhal  (Fingal*s  father), 
and  waa  burnt  to  the  ground. 


TiMflrahMl 
of  Um  people  !•  hiard  no 
to  looa^  bwi.  the  hmm 


in  ItolMaiik 

TlMdilrtto 

la  the 


k're  (4  jyl.),  chief  of  the 
nranastcry  of  St.  Jacopo  di  Compostella. 
— I>onixetti*8  opera.  La  Favorite  (1842). 

Bal'der,  the  god  of  light,  peace,  and 
daj,  was  the  young  and  beautiful  son  of 
Odin  and  Frigga.  His  palace,  Briedab- 
lik  C*  wide-ahm^  **),  stood  in  the  MUky 
Way.  He  was  slain  by  Udder,  the  blind 
old  god  of  darkness  and  night,  but  was 
restwed  to  life  at  the  generu  request  of 
the  KodM,—Soamdimtoian  Mythology. 


(Sydney  Dobell  has  a  poem  entitled 
Baidar,  published  in  1854.) 

Bal'dnrston  (CaUb)f  the  favourite 
old  butler  of  the  master  of  Karenswood, 
at  Wolfs  Crag  Tower.  Being  told  to 
WDTide  supper  for  the  laird  of  Bucklaw, 
ae  pretended  that  then  were  fat  capon 
sad  good  store  in  plenty,  but  all  he  could 
prodoee  was  "tae  hinder  end  of  a 
■■tton  ham  that  had  been  three  times 
SB  the  table  sJready,  and  tiie  heel  of  a 
eve^niik  kebbuck  {chette]  **  (ch.  vii.).— 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Bride  of  Lammermoor 
(tiaa,  William  UI.). 

Baldriok,  an  ancestor  of  the  lady 
Erefine  Berenger  *'the  betrotiied."  He 
was  murdered,  and  lady  Eveline  assured 
Rose  Flammock  that  she  had  seen  his 
gfaoat  frowning  at  her.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
JU  Betrothed  (time,  Henry  II.). 

Bai'dxin^^iaiii  {The  lady  Ermei^ 
earde  of)y  grcat^^unt  of  lady  Eveline 
BeraBger  ^*the  betrothed."— Sir  W. 
Scott,  The  Betrothed  (time,  Henry  II.). 

Baldwin*  the  youn^^est  and  comeliest 
«f  Charlemagne's  paladma,  nephew  of  sir 
Boknd. 


Baldwiiif  the  restless  and  ambitiou 
duke  of  Boloigna,  leader  of  1200  horse 
in  the  allied  Christian  army.  He  was 
(xodfrey's  brother,  and  very  like  him,  but 
not  so  talL — ^Tasso,  Jerusalem  Delivered 
(1675). 

*«*  He  is  introduced  by  sir  Waiter 
Scott  in  Count  Bobert  of  Paris. 

Baldwin.  So  the  Ass  is  called  in  the 
beast-epic  entitled  Beynard  the  Fox  (the 
word  means  "  bold  friend  **).  In  pt.  iii.  he 
is  caUed  «*  Dr.  "  Baldwin  (1498). 

BaUPtJoin^  tutor  of  RoUo  ("the  bloody 
brother ")  and  Otto,  dukes  of  Normandy, 
and  sons  of  Sophia.  Baldwin  was  put  to 
death  by  Rollo,  because  Hamond  slew 
Gisbert  the  chancellor  with  an  axe  and 
not  with  a  sword.  RoUo  said  that 
Baldwin  deserved  death  **for  teaching 
Hamond  no  better.** — Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  The  Bloody  Brother  (1639). 

Baldwin  {Count),  a  fatal  example  of 
paternal  self-will.  He  doted  on  his  elder 
son  Biron,  but  because  he  married  against 
his  inclination,  disinherited  him,  and 
fixed  all  his  love  on  Carlos  his  youngerson. 
Biron  fell  at  the  8ic£;e  of  <>iDdy,  and  was 
suppoeed  to  be  dead.  His  wife  Isabella 
mourned  for  him  seven  years,  and 
being  on  the  point  of  starvation,  applied 
to  the  count  for  aid,  but  he  d  e  her 
from  his  house  as  a  do^.  Yilleroy  (2  syl.) 
married  her,  but  Biron  returned  the 
following  day.  Carlos,  hearing  of  his 
brother's  return,  employed  rumans  to 
murder  him,  and  then  charged  Yilleroy 
with  the  crime ;  but  one  of  the  ruffians 
impeadied,  Carlos  was  arrested,  and 
Isabella,  going  mad,  killed  herself.  Thus 
was  the  wilfuuess  of  Baldwin  the  source 
of  infinite  misery.  It  caused  the  death  of 
his  two  sons,  as  well  as  of  his  daughter- 
in-law.— Thomas  Soutiiem,  Ths  Fatal 
Marriage  (1692). 

Baldunn,  archbishop  of  Canterbury 
(1184-1190),  introduced  by  sir  W.  Scott 
in  his  novel  called  ITte  Betrotlted  (time, 
Henry  II.). 

Baldwin  de  Oyle7,  esquire  of  sir 
Brian  de  Bois  GuUbert  (Preceptor  of  the 
Knights  Templars).— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Ivanhoe  (time,  Kichard  I.). 

Balin  (air),  or  "  Balin  le  Savage," 
knight  of  the  two  swords.  He  was  a 
Northumberland  knight,  and  being  taken 
captive,  was  imprisoned  six  months  by 
king  Arthur,  ft  so  happened  that  a 
damsel   girded    with  a  swurd  came  to 


BAUNVERNO. 


74 


BALRUDDERY, 


Gomelot  at  the  time  of  sir  Balin^s  release, 
and  told  the  king  that  no  man  coald 
draw  it  who  was  tainted  with  "  shame, 
treachery,  or  guile."  King  Arthur  and 
all  his  knights  failed  in  the  attempt,  but 
sir  Balin  drew  it  readily.  The  damsel 
begged  him  for  the  sword,  but  he  refused 
to  give  it  to  any  one.  Whereupon  the 
damsel  said  to  him,  "  That  swonl  shall 
be  thy  plague,  for  with  it  shall  ye  slay 
your  best  niend,  and  it  shall  also  prove 
your  own  death."  Then  the  Lady  of  the 
Lake  came  to  the  king,  and  demanded  the 
sword,  but  sir  Balin  cut  off  her  head  with 
it,  and  was  banished  from  tiie  court. 
After  various  adventures  he  came  to  a 
castle  where  the  custom  was  for  every 
guest  to  joust.  He  was  accommodate 
with  a  shield,  and  rode  forth  to  meet  his 
antagonist.  So  fierce  was  the  encounter 
that  both  the  combatants  were  slain,  but 
Balin  lived  just  long  enough  to  learn  that 
his  antagonist  was  his  dearly  beloved 
brother  Balan,  and  both  were  buried  in 
one  tomb. — Sir  T.  Malory,  History  of 
Prince  AHhur,  i.  27-44  (1470). 

•»•  "  The  Book  of  Sir  Balin  le  Sa- 
vage "  is  part  i.  ch.  27  to  44  (both  in- 
clusive) of  sir  T,  Malory's  History  of 
Prince  Arthur, 

Balinvemo,  one  of  the  leaders  in 
Agramant's  allied  army. — ^Ariosto,  Or- 
lando Farioso  (1516). 

Bclliol  [Edward)^  usurper  of  Scotland, 
introduced  m  Jiedgatmtlct^  a  novel  by  sir 
W.  Scott  (time,  George  II.). 

Ba'liol  (Mrs.)f  friend  of  Mr.  Croftangry, 
in  the  introductory  chapter  of  The  Fair 
Maid  of  Perth,  a  novel  by  sir  W.  Scott 
(time,  Heniy  IV.). 

Ba^lid  {Mrs.  Martha  Bethune),  a  lady 
of  qualit}'  and  fortune,  who  had  a  house 
called  Baliol  Lodging,  Canongate,  Edin- 
burgh. At  death  she  left  to  her  cousin 
^Ir.  Croftangry  two  series  of  tales  called 
The  Chronicles  of  Canongate  (q.v.),  which 
he  published.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  High- 
land Widow  (introduction,  1827). 

Baliol  College»Oxf ord,  was  founded 
(in  1263)  by  John  de  Baliol,  knight,  father 
of  Baliol  lung  of  Scotland. 

Balisar'da,  a  sword  made  in  the 
garden  of  Orgagna  by  the  sorceress  Fal- 
eri'na;  it  would  cut  tii rough  even  en- 
^anted  substances,  and  was  given  to 
ftoge'ro  for  the  express  purpose  of  "  deal-  { 


ing  Orlando's  death."— Ariosto,  OrUmdo 

FuriosOy  XXV,  16  (1516). 

He  kn«w  with  BaUMUiU'i  Uflbtert  blovi. 
Nor  bdm.  nor  ttilekl,  nor  cutrvM  could  nviill. 
Mor  itroiisly  temporad  pUUa.  nor  twisted  nwU. 

BookxzllL 

BaliversOy  the  basest  knight  in  the 
Saracen  army. — Ariosto,  Orlamo  Furioso 
(1516). 

BalkorBalkli  (**  toembrace"*),  Omnrs, 
somamed  Qhil-Shah  (^'earth's  king"), 
founder  of  the  Paishdadian  dynasty.  He 
travelled  abroad  to  make  himself  &miliar 
with  the  laws  and  customs  of  other  lands. 
On  his  return  he  met  his  brother,  and 
built  on  the  spot  of  meeting  a  city,  which 
he  called  Balk;  and  mAde  it  tiie  capital 
of  his  kingdom. 

Balkis.  the  Arabian  name  of  the 
queen  of  Sheba,  who  went  from  the  South 
to  witness  the  wisdom  and  splendour  of 
Solomon.  According  to  the  Koran  she 
was  a  fire-worshipper.  It  is  said  that 
Solomon  raised  her  to  his  bed  aqd  throne. 
She  is  also  called  queen  of  Saba  or  Aaziz. 
— Al  Koran,  xxvi.  (Sale's  notes). 

She  fiuicled  herself  •tavadr  more  potent  thsn  Belkla. 
•nd  pictured  to  her  himginrtion  the  senU  fulling  prav> 
tr»te  at  the  foot  of  her  throiw.— W.  BetAfoid.  rtuk«k. 

Balkis  queen  of  Sheba  or  Saba,  Solomon 
being  told  that  her  legs  were  covered 
with  hair  **  like  those  of  an  ass,"  had  the 
presence-chamber  floored  with  ^lass  laid 
over  running  water  filled  with  fish. 
When  Balkis  approached  the  room, 
supposing  the  floor  to  be  water,  she 
lifted  up  her  robes  and  exposed  her  hairy 
ankles,  of  which  the  king  had  been  rij^tly 
informed. — JcUlaio  *dinn, 

Ballenkeirocli  (Old),  a  Highland 
chief  and  old  friend  of  Fergus  M'lvor.— 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Waverley  (time,  George  II.). 

Balmung,  the  sword  of  Siegfried, 
forged  by  Wieland  the  smith  ot  the 
Scandinavian  gods.  In  a  trial  of  merit, 
Wieland  cleft  Amilias  (a  brother  smith) 
to  the  waist ;  but  so  fine  was  the  cut  that 
Amilias  was  not  even  conscious  of  it  till 
he  attempted  to  move,  when  he  fell 
asunder  into  two  pieces. — Niebdungen 
Lied, 

Balni-Barbi,  the  land  of  projectors, 
visited  bv  Gulliver. — Swift,  Gulliver's 
Travels  (1726). 

Balrud'dery  {The  laird  of),  a  re- 
lation of  Godfrey  Bertram,  laird  of 
EUangowan.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Gi^f  Man- 
nering  (time,  George  11.). 


BALSAM  OF  FIERABRAS. 


75 


BANASTAR. 


of   Fierabras.    "This 

fftnxmt  babun,*^  mad  don  Quixote,  '*  only 

eotts  time  rials  [about  sixpence]  for  three 

onarta."    It  was  the  balsam  with  which 

toe  body  of  Qirist  was  embalmed,  and  was 

stolen  by  sir  Fierabras  lFe.d'.ra,brah], 

Such  was  its  viitae,  that  one  single  drop 

of  it  tdcen  internally  would  instantly 

hsal  the  meet  ghastly  wound. 

"Ittasb^BMoCtelMM;  ltMt<»^h«kan«o«Bd«, 
te  c«H  dilM  dMtil  ItMit  If  thoa  riMMMlit  M*  oqr 
k«*  CM  la  two.  frfand  Stocho.  bgr  «hm  aalKlqr  Iwdt- 
■b«ka,}MMWteH«M|rP>cli  19  IkM  balT  of  aw  which 
dA  dv  H  MKW  tiMOtfMr  half  beCort 


a^TaaMndnaghtof  tlwlMlnni 
arm  n 


LiLS(lflOf). 


Baltha'sar,  a  merchant,  in  Shake- 
speare's Comedy  of  Erron  (1598). 

B^Hku^tar^  a  name  assumed  by  Portia, 
ia  Shakespeaxe*s  Merchant  of  Venice 
C15M>. 

Balikef 


serraat    to    Romeo,     in 
Shakeapeai«*s  Borneo  and  Juliet  (1597). 

Baltkafvsr,  servant  to  don  Pedro,  in 
Shakespeaxe's  Mwek  Ado  abomt  Nothing 
(1600). 

So/Oa'xar, one  of  the  three  "kings'* 
shown  in  Cologne  Cathedral  as  one  of  the 
"Magi**  led  to  Bethlehem  by  the  guiding 
star.  The  word  means  * '  loid  of  treasures. 
The  names  of  the  other  two  are  Melchior 
(''king  at  light"),  and  (^par  or  Caspar 
C'tbe  white  one**).  Klopstock,  in  The 
ifen^  makes  six  "WueMen,**  and 
aooeof  tiie  names  are  like  these  three. 


BalthaxoTf  father  of  Juliana,  Vo- 
laotd,  and  Zam'ora.  A  proud,  peppery, 
•ad  wealthy  gentleman.  His  daughter 
Juliana  marries  the  duke  of  Aranza ;  his 
second  daughter  the  count  Hontalban; 
and  Zamora  marries  signor  Rinaldo. — 
J.  Tolun,  The  Boneymoon  (1804). 

Balne  (Cardinal)^  in  the  court  of 
Louis  XI.  of  France  (1420-1491),  intro- 
duced ^  air  W.  Scott  in  Quentm  Dur- 
ward  (time,  Edward  lY.). 

Baltigantes  (4  sy/.),  leader  of  the 
men  from  Leon,  in  Spain,  and  in  alliance 
vitfaAgramant. — Ariosto,  Orlando  Furioeo 
(1516). 

Balveny  (Lord),  kinsman  of  the  earl 
of  nonglas.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Fair  Maid  of 
Perth  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

Balwhidder  {BdT.witherV  a  Scotch 
Presbyterian  pastor,  fiUed  with  aU  the 
old-fiMhioned  naticnal  pr^udices,  but 
sincere,  kind-hearted,  and  pious.  He  is 
garmloos  and  lores  his  joke,  but  is  quite 


1 


ignorant  of  the  world,  being  "  in  it  but 
not  of  it."— Oalt,  Annate  of  the  Pariah 
(1821). 

Tba  a«*.  jniM*  An/ivMUbr  to  a  flnc  rnrfMOtatlon  «f 
tiM  prtmltlTa  Seottkfa  nutw :  dIU«mt.  Wamnlwi.  loraL 
and  aannplanr  In  hk  Ub.  but  without  the  Sary  mil  ab4 
"ktrfc-flUlM  aloqaeae*"<ir  dMiupporten  of  the  Cor*. 
aaBL— B.  Qianihen.  gm^Uk  UUnumr*,  tt.  WL 

Baly.  one  of  the  ancient  and  gigantic 
kings  of  India,  who  founded  uie  city 
called  by  his  name.  He  redressed 
wrongs,  upheld  justice,  was  generous  and 
truthful,  compassionate  and  charitable, 
so  that  at  death  he  became  one  of  the 
judges  of  hell.  His  city  in  time  got 
overwhdmed  with  the  encroaching  ocean, 
but  its  walls  were  not  overttuown,  nor 
were  the  rooms  encumbered  with  the 
weeds  and  alluvial  of  the  sea.  One  day 
a  dwarf,  named  Vamen,  asked  the  migh^ 
monarch  to  allow  him  to  measure  Uiree 
of  his  own  paces  for  a  hut  to  dwell  in. 
Baly  smiled,  and  bade  him  measure  out 
what  he  required.  The  first  pace  of  the 
dwarf  compassed  the  whole  earth,  the 
second  the  whole  heavens,  and  the  third 
the  infernal  regions.  Baly  at  once  per- 
ceived that  the  dwarf  was  Vishnu,  and 
adored  the  present  deity.  Vishnu  made 
the  king  **  Governor  of  Pad'alon  **  or 
hell,  and  permitted  him  once  a  year  to 
revisit  the  earth,  on  the  first  full  moon  of 
November. 

BMrboOt 
A  dty.  like  the  dtkaof  the  fodi. 
BdacUkaagodMamUl    Vcrwau^trnt^ 
Hath  ocean  aaifcd  ■g^'nrf  bit  palacai, 
Tm  ovanrbehned  thegr  lie  bCMath  tta  wavi^ 
Notuvwthiuwu. 

Southajr,  Otmt  9f  Xdhoaia,  xr.  I  (1S09); 

Ban,  king    of   Benwick   \BritUiny\ 

father  of  sir  Launcelot,  and  brother  of 

Bors  king  of  Gaul.    This  "  shadowy  king 

of  a  still  more  shadowy  kingdom  ^  came 

over  with  his  royal  brother  to  the  aid  of 

Arthur,  when,  at  the  beginning  of  his 

reign,  the  eleven  kings  leagued  against 

him  (pt.  i.  8). 

ToadarlaMtbcnKNtTaBantknlfhtor  ttMwortd.Bn4 
the  man  of  mott  renown,  for  mch  two  brethren  as  are  king 
Ban  and  Mng  Don  are  not  living.— Sir  T.  Uaian,  Bittont 
ef  Prime*  Artkmr,  L  14  (147(^ 

Ban'affher,  a  town  in  Ireland,  on  the 
Shannon(king*8  County).  It  formerly 
wsdX  two  members  to  parliament,  and  was 
a  pocket  borough.  When  a  member 
spoke  of  a  rotten  borough,  he  could  de- 
vise no  stronger  expression  than  That 
beate  Banaqher^  which  passed  into  a 
housdkold  phrase. 

Banastar  {Humfrey)^  brought  up  by 
Henry  duke  of  Buckingham,  and  ad- 
vanced by  him  to  honour  and  wealth* 


BANBEBG. 


7« 


BAFTISTA, 


He  pfofessed  to  lore  the  dakc  m  his 
doarest  friend;  but  when  Richard  III. 
offered  £1000  reward  to  any  one  who 
would  deliver  up  the  duke,  Banastar 
betrayed  him  to  John  Mitlon,  sheriff  of 
Shropshire,  and  he  was  conveyed  to  Sails- 
bury,  where  he  was  beheaded.  The  ghost 
of  the  duke  prajed  that  Banastar's  eldest 
son,  "  reft  of  his  wits  might  end  his  life 
in  a  pigstye  ; "  that  his  second  son  might 
**be  drowned  in  a  dyke"  containing  less 
than  **  half  a  foot  of  water ;  **  that  his 
only  daughter  might  be  a  leper ;  and  that 
Banastar  himself  might  *'live  in  death 
and  die  in  life." — ^Thomas  Sackville,  A 
Mirrour  for  Magistraytes  ("The  Com- 
plaj-nt,"  1687;. 

Banberg  (The  hishop  of),  introdnced 
in  Donnerfaugers  narrative.--SiT  W.  Soott, 
Anne  of  Geicrttem  (time,  Edward  lY.). 

Banbuiy  Cheese.  Bardolph  calls 
Slender  a  "Banbury  cheese"  {Merry 
Wives  of  Windsor,  act  S.  sc.  1) ;  and  in 
Jack  VrunCs  Entertainment  we  read 
"  Ton  are  like  a  Banburv  cheese,  nothing 
but  paring."  The  Banbury  cheese 
alluded  to  was  a  milk  cheese,  about  an 
inch  in  thickness. 


BandT  -  legged,    Armand    (jonff^ 
16),  also  cal 


_  Armand 

(1776-18^6),  also  called  Le  panard  du 
aix-neuviSme  siede.  He  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  "  Caveau  modeme." 

Bane  of  the  Iiand  (Landschaden)^ 
the  name  given  to  a  German  robber- 
knight  on  account  of  his  reckless  depre- 
dations on  his  neighbours*  property.  He 
was  placed  under  tiie  ban  of  the  empire 
for  his  offences. 

Bango'rian  Controversy,  a  theo- 
logical paper-war  begun  by  Dr.  Hoadly, 
bishop  of  Bangor,  the  best  reply  being  by 
Law.  The  subject  of  this  controversy 
was  a  sermon  preached  before  George  I., 
on  the  text,  "  My  kingdom  is  not  m  this 
world." 

Banks,  a  farmer,  the  great  terror  of 
old  mother  Sawyer,  the  witch  of  Edmon- 
ton.—TA*  Witch  of  Edmonton  (by  Row- 
ley, Dekker,  and  Ford,  1658). 

Ban'nat^rne  Club,  a  literary  club 
which  takes  its  name  from  Geoi^e  Ban- 
natyne.  It  was  instituted  in  1823  by  sir 
Walter  Scott,  and  had  for  its  object  the 
publication  of  rare  works  illustrative  of 
Scottish  history,  poetry,  and  general 
literature.  The  club  was  dissolved  in 
1859. 


Bannockbum  (in  Stirling),  famous 
for  the  great  battle  between  Bruce  and 
Edward  11.,  in  which  the  English  army 
was  totally  defeated,  and  the  Scots  re- 
gained their  freedom  (June  24,  1314). 

Dtpartad  •pirita  of  the  mlghtjr  <t«ad  t  .  .  . 
Oh !  oooe  anln  to  Preedom'a  cauM  retam 
IlM  patiiot  Tril,  tti*  BniM  of  Bannockbuni. 

OMnpbetl,  ^IwwMTM  «/  B^pe,  L  (ITMH 

Banquo,  a  Scotch  general  of  royal 
extraction,  in  the  time  of  Edward  the 
Confessor.  He  was  murdered  at  the  in- 
stigation of  king  Macbeth,  but  his  son 
Fleanoe  escaped,  and  from  this  Fleaoce 
descended  a  race  of  kings  who  filled  the 
throne  of  Scotland,  ending  with  James  I. 
of  England,  in  whom  were  united  tha 
two  crowns.  The  witches  on  the  blasted 
heath  hailed  Banquo  as — 

than  Macbeth,  end  fawetei; 


oi  Not  to  happgr,  vat  nodi  heDptar. 
W  t^aa  Shalt  get  klnfi.  thoupi  thou  be  i 

Shakespeare.  Mtu^eth,  ael  L  te.  t  (ISDS). 

(Historically  no  such  person  as  Banquo 
ever  existed,  and  therefore  Fleance  waa 
not  the  ancestor  of  the  house  of  Stuart.) 

Bcui'sbee,  a  tutelary  female  spirit. 
Every  chidt  family  of  Ireland  has  its 
banshee,  who  is  supposed  to  give  it  warn- 
ing of  approaching  death  or  danger. 

Bantam  {Angelo  Cyrus),  grand-master 
of  the  ceremoues  at  "BaHsth,"  and  a 
very  mighty  personage  in  the  opinion  of 
the  aUe  ot  Bath.— C.  Dickens,  The  Pick- 
wick Papers  (1836). 

Banting.  2>otyuf^an<ti«7  means  living 
by  regimen  for  the  sake  of  reducing 
superfluous  fat.  William  Banting,  by  a 
rigorous  abstention  from  all  fo<Kl  con- 
taining starch  and  saccharine  matter, 
reduced  his  weight  from  202  to  167  lbs., 
and  in  1862  he  published  a  pamphlet 
upon  the  subject. 

Bap,  a  contraction  of  Ba^dhomet^  i.e, 
Mahomet.  An  imaginary  idol  or  symbol 
which  the  Templars  were  accused  of  em- 
ploying in  their  mysterious  religioua 
rites.  It  was  a  small  human  figure  cut 
in  stone,  with  two  heads,  one  male  and 
the  other  female,  but  all  the  rest  of  the 
figure  was  female.    Specimens  still  exist. 

Bap'tes  (2  syL),  priests  of  the  god- 
dess Cotytto,  whose  midnight  orgies 
were  so  obscene  as  to  disgust  even  the 
very  goddess  of  obscenity.  (Greek,  bapto, 
"  to  iMiptize,"  because  these  priests  batned 
themselves  in  the  most  efiteminate  man- 
ner.) 

Baptis'ta,  a  rich  gentleman  of 
Piftdua,  father  of  Kathari'na  "the  shrew  * 


BAPTisn  t)AinoTn. 


77 


BARD  OF  AVON. 


BiaDca. — Shakapeare,  Tammg  of  tba 
Skrtm  (1594). 

BftptlBtiDamiottLaPadiiaa  quack, 
vke  MOWS  in  tiM  encnaatod  mirror  a 
lautiii  lemmiiting  the  elaiidestiat  «iar* 
nM  and  mfidelitr  of  lir  PUlip  FoiMtor. 
^-8tr  W.  Seott,  iiaa  MargartTt  Mirror 
(time,  William  UI.). 

Bar  of  Gold.  A  bar  of  gold  above 
tbe  inatep  is  a  aiark  of  sorcreign  rmk  in 
tbe  wooMD  of  tke  families  of  the  de^'s, 
and  b  worn  as  a  **entlt**  bj  tbeir  female 


AHtepildtar, 


raak. 


ralM. 
BLTSOSSV). 

Bar'abaSy  the  faithful  lenrant  cf 
Ralpli  de  LASOonrs,  captain  of  the  Uran'ia, 
Hit  faroaziteexpreasioo  is  "  I  am  afraid ;" 
bat  he  ahravs  acts  most  bisreW  when  he 
it  afraid.  (See  Baxbaius.)— K  Stirling, 
Tkt  Orphan  of  the  Ihuen  Sea  (1856). 

Bar'adaa  (QmU),  the  kmg's  fa- 
▼oarite,  first  gentleman  of  the  chamber, 
sad  one  of  tM  consptrators  to  dethrone 
Lnus  XIII.,  kill  Biehelieo,  and  place  the 
dae  dTOrldms  on  the  throne  of  France. 
Beridse  lored  Joiie,  bat  Julie  married  the 
duiralier  Adrien  de  Hauprat.  When 
Bicheiiea  fell  into  disgrace,  the  king 
Bttde  csont  Raradas  his  chief  minister, 
but  learoely  had  he  lo  done  when  a 
Hwpatch  was  pot  into  his  hand,  reveal- 
iag  the  eonspixaey,  and  Richelieo  ordered 
Saiadas*  instant  arreit. — ^Lord  Lytton, 
(1830). 


Bank  el  Hadgi,  the  fakir',  an 
caiatarj  from  the  coort  of  Hyder  Ali. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  The  SmrgeoiCi  Daughter 
(time,  Geoige  II.). 

Bamta'ria,  the  ishmd-eity  over  which 
Sincho  Pane*  was  appointed  iroveraor. 
The  table  was  presidea  over  by  Dr.  Pedro 
Bezio  de  AgMr  ro,  who  caosed  every  dish 
tcC  before  the  governor  to  be  whisked 
away  withovt  being  tasted, — eome  be- 
caose  ther  heated  the  blood,  and  others 
becaoee  they  chilled  it,  some  for  one  evil 
effect,  and  some  for  another,  lo  that 
Saacho  was  allowed  to  eat  nothmg. 

Omb  wrtvad  at  •  town  eootalniag  about  a 

Tfaaf  gBf*  Uai  U»  nadantaiid 

'  of  Bvaterfa.  dtlMr  hwanie 

of  Um  piaee.  or  bocaiM  bo 

««o.  lo.  "at  a  aboap  rato." 

•be  srtoo  or  the  town,  tbo  monldpal 

■L    friwfly  afrar.  witb 

tber  proantotf  him  vMh 

oT  tbo  tewn.  and  eeaoctartod  Mm  pcryotual 

of  tbo  Uaad  of  Baniafla.— GorMHitM*  />m* 

IL  BL  7.  ole.  (liU) 


Barbarosfla  {"  red  beard^)^  surname 
of  Frederick  1.  of  Germanpr  (1121-1190). 
It  18  said  that  he  never  died,  but  is  still 
sleeping  in  RyfEhftuserberg  in  Thuringia. 
There  he  sits  at  a  stone  table  with  his  six 
knight^  waiting  the  "fulness  of  time,** 
when  he  will  come  from  his  cave  to 
rescue  Germany  from  bondage,  and  give 
her  the  foremost  place  of  aU  the  world. 
His  beard  has  already  grown  through  the 
table-slab,  but  must  wind  itself  thrice 
round  the  table  before  his  second  advent. 
(See  Haicsuk,  Charlbmaonk,  Akthur, 
Desmond,  okbastian  I.,  to  whom 
similar  legends  are  attached.) 

tike  Barbaro— .  who  sits  in  a  cave. 
iWetan*  KMnfaro.  oodato,  and  grave. 

Longfellow,  Th«  iHtdtn  Ugtmd. 

Barbarossa,  a  tra^^y  by  John  Brown. 
This  is  not  Frederick  Barbarossa,  the 
emperor  of  Germany  (1121-1190),  but 
Home  Barbarossa,  the  corsair  (1475- 
1619).  He  was  a  renegade  Greek,  of 
Hitylend,  who  made  himself  master  of 
Algeria,  which  was  for  a  time  subject  to 
Turkey.  He  killed  the  Moorish  king; 
tried  to  cut  off  Seliro  the  son,  but  without 
success ;  and  wanted  to  marry  Zaphi'ra, 
the  king*s  widow,  who  rejected  his  suit 
with  scorn,  and  was  kept  m  confinement 
for  seven  years.  Selim  returned  unex- 
pectedly to  Algiers,  and  a  general  rising 
took  place ;  Barbarossa  was  dain  by  the 
insnrgents;  Zaphira  was  restored  to  the 
throne ;  and  Selim  her  son  married  Irend 
*the  daughter  of  Barbarossa  (1742). 

Bar'baiy  (8t,),  the  patron  saint  of 
arsenals.  When  her  father  was  about  to 
strike  off  her  head,  she  was  killed  by  a 
flash  of  lightning. 

Bar'bary  (Hoam).  the  favourite  horse  of 
Bichardll. 

BoHngbfoke  rode  on  roan  Berfearjr, 
Tbat  borw  that  thoa  K>  often  halt  hcttrld  t 

//.  net  r. «.  f  (MST). 


Bar'bason,  the  name  of  a  demon 

mentioned  in  The  Merry  Wivet  of  ^^nd~ 

mr,  act  U.  sc.  2  (1596). 

I  aa  ae«  Barbaeeo:  yon  a 
^teera.  Mtmrp  r.  act  IL  k.  1  (UW). 

Barco'ohebah,  an  antichrist. 
Sharad  Uie  fdl  of  thoantfebriit  Barooebebar.— 1 


Bard  of  A^on,  Shakespeare,  bom 
and  buried  at  Stratfora-upon-Avon  (1564- 
1616).  Also  caUed  the  Bard  of  ail 
Times, 

Bard  of  Ayrshire,  Robert  Bums,  a 
native  of  Ayrshire  (1759-1796). 

Bardqf  Aope,  Thomas  Campbell,  author 
of  Tne  Pleasures  of  Mope  (1717-1844). 


Bard  of  the  Imagination,  Mark  Aken- 
tide,  author  of  The  Pleasures  of  the  Im- 
agination (1721-1770). 

Bard  of  Metnonfj  S.  Rogers,  author  of 
The  Pleasures  of  Memorv  (1762-1866). 

Bard  of  Olney,  W.  Cowper  rCW.prJ, 
irho  lived  for  many  years  at  Olney,  in 
Bucks  (1731-1800). 

Bard  of  Prose,  Boccaccio. 

Ba  of  Um  handred  uIm  of  lov*. 

Qjnoa.  Okttd*  Bmrold,  tr.  M  (1818). 

Bardof  Rydai  Mount,  William  Words- 
worth, who  lived  at  Rydal  Mount; 
also  called  "  Poet  of  the  Excursion,"  from 
his  principal  poeiii  (1770-1860). 

Bard  of  Twickenham,  Alexander  Pope, 
who  livod  at  Twickenham  (1688-1744). 

Bardcu  Theancient(7aels thought  that 
the  soul  of  a  dead  hero  could  never  be 
happy  till  a  bard  luid  sung  an  elegy  over 
the  deceased.  Hence  when  C^rbar,  the 
usurper  of  the  throne  of  Ireland,  fell, 
though  he  was  a  rebeL  a  murderer,  and  a 
coward,  his  brother  (>thmor  could  not 
endure  the  thought  of  his  soul  being 
unsung  to  rest.  So  he  goes  to  Ossian  and 
gets  him  to  send  a  bard  "  to  give  the  soul 
of  the  king  to  the  wind,  to  open  to  it  the 
airy  hall,  and  to  give  joy  to  the  darkened 
ghost."— Ossian,  Temora,  iL 

Bardell  {Mrs.),  landhtdy  of  "  apart- 
ments for  single  gentlemen  "  in  Goswell 
Street  Here  Mr.  Pickwick  lodged  for  a 
time.  She  persuaded  herself  that  he 
woidd  make  ner  a  good  second  husband, 
and  on  one  occasion  was  seen  in  his  arms 
by  his  three  friends.  Mrs.  Bardell  put 
herself  in  the  hands  of  Messrs.  Dodson 
and  Fogg  (two  unprincipled  lawyers), 
who  vamped  up  a  case  against  Mr.  Pick- 
wick of  *'  breacnof  promise,"  and  obtained 
a  verdict  against  the  defendant.  Subse- 
quently Messrs.  Dodson  and  Fogg  arrested 
their  own  client,  and  lodged  her  in  the 
Fleet— C.  Dickens,  The  Pickwick  Papers 
(1836). 

Barde'sanist  (4  sylX  a  follower  of 
Barde'san,  founder  of  a  Gnostic  tact  in 
the  second  century. 

Bar'dolpll.  corporal  of  captain  sir 
John  FalstaffTin  1  and  2  Henry  IV,  and 
in  2%*  Merry  Wives  of  Windsor,  In 
Henry  V,  he  is  promoted  to  lieutenant, 
and  Nym  is  corporal.  Both  are  hang^. 
Bardolph  is  a  bravo,  out  great  humorist; 
he  is  a  low-bred,  drunken  swaggerer, 
wholly  without  principle,  and  always 
poor.  His  red,  pimply  nose  is  an  ever- 
lasting joke  witn  sir  John  and  others. 


78  BARKIS. 


Sir  John  in  allusion  thereto  calls  Bardolph 
*'The  Knight  of  the  Burning  Lamp." 
He  says  to  nlm,  '*  Thou  art  our  admiral, 
and  bearest  the  lantern,  in  the  poop.** 
Elsewhere  he  tells  the  corporal  he  had 
saved  him  a  '*  thousand  marks  in  links 
and  torches,  walking  with  him  in  the  ni^ht 
betwixt  tavern  and  tavern." — Shake- 
speare. 

W«  an  much  of  the  Bind  of  FabtelTs  ndlor.  We 
mart  haf  btttm  Mwranw  fbriir  John  thu  Bwdolph't. 
— MaoMilajr. 

(The  reference  is  to  2  Henry  IV,  act  i. 
sc.  2.  When  Falstaff  asks  Page,  "  What 
said  Master  Dumbleton  about  the  satin 
for  my  short  cloak  and  slops?"  Page 
replies,  **He  said,  sir,  you  should  pro- 
cure him  better  assurance  than  Bardolph. 
He  .  .  .  liked  not  the  security.") 

Bardon  (Hugh),  the  soout-master  19 
the  troop  of  lieutenant  Fitznrae. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Ivanhoe  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Bar^re  (2  syU),  an  advocate  ci.  Tou- 
louse, called  **  The  Anacreon  of  the 
Cruillotine."  He  was  president  of  the  Gon- 
vention,  a  member  of  the  Constitutional 
Committee,  and  chief  asent  in  the  con- 
demnation to  death  of  Louis  XVI.  As 
member  of  the  Committee  of  Public 
Safety,  he  decreed  that  **  Terror  must  be 
the  order  of  the  day."  In  the  first  em- 
pire Barbre  bore  no  public  part,  but  at  the 
restoration  he  was  banished  from  France, 
and  retired  to  Brussels  (1765-1841). 

Tb«  flithleat  »Dd  movt  tpltcfBl  T»boo  of  tb«  fleUon 
vaa  •  noble  oreetare  oonpnrad  wllk  tke  Barira  of  bin* 
torj. — Lord  llncnuUj. 

Bar'gn^est,  a  goblin  armed  with  teetti 
and  claws.  It  would  sometimes  set  up  in 
the  streets  a  most  fearful  scream  in  the 
**  dead  waste  and  middle  of  the  night" 
The  faculty  of  seeing  this  monster  was 
limited  to  a  few,  but  mose  who  possessed 
it  could  by  the  touch  commnmcate  the 
"gift"  to  others.— l^a*ry  Mythology^ 
North  of  England, 

Bar'g^UBy   an   lUyrian   robber   or 

pirate. 

Batfuhw.  IDrrias  Intro,  de  quo  est  apod  Tbeopompiim 
mi^nM  opee  bnbuk.— Oeera,  />•  QgleHt,  U.  IL 

Barloondo,  one  of  the  leaders  of  the 
Moorish  array.  He  was  slain  by  the 
duke  of  Ciarence. — ^Ariosto,  Orlando 
Furioso  (1616). 

Barker  (Mr,),  friend  to  Sowerberrv. 
Mrs,  Barker,  his  wife.— W.  Broogfa, 
A  Phenomenon  m  a  Smock  /Voci. 

Barlds,  the  carrier  who  courted 
[Clara]    Peggot'ty,    by    telling    David 


BARLAHAM  AND  JOSAPHAT.       79 


BARN-BURNEBS. 


Coraeifidd  vhen  he  wrote  home  to  say 

to  oia  Dane  **  Barkis  is  willin*.*'     Clara 

took  the  hint  and  became  Mrs.  Barkis. 

Be  Sm  vkca  tbm  llda  worn  oat.  eonirmfais  tha  aaper> 
tmkm  tbmt  pmpto  cut  dto  tiU  th*  tide  gom  oat.  or  be 
kon  tiS  it  le  tn.  The  bwt  wordi  he  ntten  are '*  BuUa  le 
r.~-C  IHrfciBi.  AuM  OtppmiMd.  us.  (ISW). 


(Mrs.  Quickly  says  of  sir  John  Falstaff , 
^'^A  parted  even  just  between  twelve  and 
one,  e*€n  at  the  taming  o*  the  tide.** — 
Bciuy  K.  act  iL  8C  8,  1599.) 

Barlaham  and  Josaphat,  ihe 
heroes  and  title  of  a  minneson^,  the 
object  of  which  was  to  show  the  tnuin|A 
of  Qiristian  doctrines  over  paganism. 
Barlaham  is  a  hermit  who  converts  Josa- 
phat,  an  Indian  nrince.  This  **  lay  **  was 
immensely  popular  in  the  Middle  Ages, 
and  has  been  translated  into  every  Euro- 
pean language. — Rudolf  of  Ems  (a  min- 
nesinger, thirteenth  century). 

Barlev  (BUI),  Oaia^s  father.  Chiefly 
lemarkable  for  drinking  mm,  and  thump- 
ing on  the  floor. — CC  Dickens,  Oreat 
£xpoctatiom8  (i860). 

Barleyoom  (^  John),  Malt-liquor 
personiiUd.  His  nei^bours  vowed  that 
sir  John  should  die,  so  they  hired  rjffians 
to  **  plom^  him  with  ploughs  and  bury 
him;**  mis  they  did,  and  afterwards 
^*  combed  him  with  harrows  and  thrust 
clods  on  his  head,**  but  did  not  kill  him. 
Then  with  hooks  and  sickles  the^  "  cut 
his  legs  off  at  the  knees,'*  bound  him  like 
a  tibief,  and  left  him  **  to  wither  with  the 
md,**  but  he  died  not.  They  now  *  *  rent 
him  to  the  heart,**  and  having  **  mowed 
hia  in  a  mow,**  tent  two  brovos  to  beat 
him  with  clubs,  and  they  beat  him  so  sore 
that  **  all  his  flesh  fell  from  his  bones,** 
but  yet  he  died  not.  To  a  kiln  they  next 
hauled  him,  and  burnt  him  like  a 
martyr,  bat  he  survived  the  burning. 
They  crashed  him  between  two  stones, 
but  killed  him  not.  Sir  John  bore  no 
malice  for  this  ill-nsage,  bat  did  his  best 
to  cheer  the  flagging  spirits  even  of  his 
wont  persecutors. 

%*  This  song,  from  the  Engliah 
Dmcmg-Matter  ^651),  is  genemlly 
ascribed  to  Robert  Bums,  but  all  that  the 
Scotch  poet  did  was  slightlv  to  alter 
parts  of  it.  The  same  may  be  said  of 
"Auld  lang  Syne,**  "Ca'  the  Yowes,'* 
*'My  Heart  is  Sair  for  Somebody,** 
"Green  grow  the  Rashes,  O!**  and 
several  other  songs,  set  down  to  the  credit 
of  Boma. 

Barlow,  the  fiiTonrite  archer  of 
Henry  VIII.    He  was  jocosely  created 


b^  the  merry  monarch  "  Duke  of  Shore* 
ditch,**  and  his  two  companions  '*  Marquis 
of  Islington  **  and  '*  Earl  of  Pancras." 

Sartow  {BUlyV  a  jester,  who  fancied 
himself  a  **  mighty  potentate.*'  He  was 
well  known  in  the  east  of  London,  and 
died  in  Whitechapel  workhouse.  Some 
of  his  sa3rings  were  really  witty,  and  some 
of  his  attitudes  truly  farcical. 

Bar'niecide  Feast,  a  mere  dream- 
feast,  an  illusion,  a  castle  in  the  air. 
Schacabac  "the  hare-lipped,"  a  man  in  the 
greatest  distress,  one  day  cidled  on  the 
rich  Barmecide,  who  in  merry  jest  asked 
him  to  dine  with  him.  iWmecide  flrst 
washed  in  hjrpothetical  water,  Schacabac 
followed  his  example.     Barmecide  then 

gretended  to  eat  of  various  dainties, 
ehacabac  did  the  same,  and  praised  them 
highly,  and  so  the  "  feast  **  went  on  to  the 
close.  The  story  says  Barmecide  was  so 
pleased  that  Schacabac  had  the  good 
sense  and  good  temper  to  enter  into  the 
spirit  of  me  joke  without  resentment, 
that  he  ordered  in  a  real  banquet,  at 
which  Schacabac  was  a  welcome  guest. — 
Arabian  Nights  ("Tha  Barber's  Sixth 
Brother*'). 

Bar'nabas  (St,),  a  disciple  of  Gama- 
liel, cousin  of  St.  Mark,  and  fellow- 
labourer  with  St.  Paul.  He  was  mar- 
^rred  at  Salamis,  a.i>.  G3.  St.  Barnabas* 
Vay  is  June  11. — Acts  iv.  86,  37. 

Bar'naby  ( Widow),  the  title  and  chief 
character  of  a  novel  by  Mrs.  Trollope 
(1839).  The  widow  is  a  vulgar^  pre- 
tentious husband-hunter,  wholly  without 
principle.  Widow  Barnaby  has  a  sequel 
called  The  Bamabys  in  America  or  The 
Widow  Married,  a  satire  on  America  and 
the  Americans  (1840). 

Barnaby  Rud^,  a  half-witted  lad, 
whose  companion  is  a  raven.  He  was 
allured  into  joining  the  Gordon  rioters. 
— C.  Dickens,  Barnaby  Budge  (1841). 
(See  Budge,) 

Barnacle,  brother  of  old  Nicholas 
Cockney,  and  guardian  of  Priscilla 
Tomboy  of  the  West  Indies.  Barnacle  is 
a  tradesman  of  the  old  school,  who  thinks 
the  foppery  and  extravagance  of  the 
"  Cockney  *' school  inconsbtent with  pros- 
perous shop-keeping.  Though  brasque 
and  even  ill-mannered,  he  has  good  sense 
and  good  discernment  of  character. — The 
Bomp  (altered  from  BickerstaiTs  Xom  m 
theOty). 

Bam^Burners,    ultEa-Tadicali    or 


BARNES. 


8e 


BARTOLDO. 


destractiTef,  irh6  burnt  ihe  barns  in 
order  to  reform  social  and  political  abuses. 
These  wiseacres  were  about  as  sapient  as 
the  Dutchman  who  burnt  down  his  baips 
to  get  rid  of  the  rats  which  infested  them. 

Barnes  (1  8yi.)y  servant  to  colonel 
Mannering,  at  Woodbume. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Ouy  Mannering  (time,  George  II.)« 

Bame7»  a  repulsive  Jew,  who  waited 
on  the  customers  at  the  low  public-house 
frequented  by  Fagin  and  his  associates. 
Barney  always  spoke  through  his  nose. — 
C.  Dickens,  Oiiver  Twist  (1837). 

Bam'stable  (Lieutenant),  in  the 
British  navy,  in  love  with  Kate  Plowden, 
niece  of  colond  Howard  of  New  York. 
Tlie  alliance  not  being  approved  of,  Kate 
is  removed  from  EngUmd  to  America, 
but  Barnstable  goes  to  America  to  dis- 
cover her  retreat.  In  this  he  succeed^ 
but  being  seized  as  a  spy,  is  commanded 
by  colonel  Howard  to  be  hung  to  the 
yardarm  of  an  American  frigate  ^led  the 
Alacrity,  Scarcely  is  the  ^oung  man  led 
off,  when  the  colonel  is  informed  that 
Barnstable  is  his  own  son,  and  he  arrives 
at  the  scene  of  execution  just  in  time  to 
save  him.  Of  course  after  this  he  marries 
the  lady  of  his  affection. — £.  Fitzball, 
The  Pilot  (a  burietta). 

Bam'Well  ( George) ,  the  chief  character 
and  title  of  a  tragedy  by  George  Lillo. 
George  Barnwell  is  a  London  apprentice, 
who  falls  in  love  with  Sarah  Millwood  of 
Shoreditch,  who  leads  him  astrav.  He 
first  robs  his  master  of  £200.  He  next 
robs  his  uncle,  a  rich  grazier  at  Ludlow, 
and  murders  him.  Having  spent  all  the 
money  of  his  iniquity,  Sarah  Millwood 
turns  him  off  and  informs  against  him. 
Both  are  executed  (1732). 

♦**  For  many  years  this  play  was  acted 
on  Doxing-night,  as  a  useful  lesson  to 
London  apprentices. 

A  gMiUenukn . . .  odM  OM  dnr  on  Dftvtd  B4W  (17tS-17W>) 
Om  actor,  and  toU  him  hb  ftub«r  who  ligr  al  the  point  of 
death  gnmt\y  desired  to  aee  him.  When  the  actor  wa*  at 
the  bed-«ide.  the  dying  dimi  aaid;  "  Mr  Rom,  aonit  forty 
/eon  tm,  like  '  George  Bamweli.'  I  wronged  mr  nuietcr  to 
mpplT  tlte  unbounded  extrafacuice  of  a  'Millwood.'  I 
took  her  to  tee  rour  perfomianoe.  which  ao  shocked  me 
that  I  vowed  to  break  the  connection  and  return  to  the 

rith  of  virtue.  Ilupt  mrreaohttion,  replaced  the  monejr 
had  stolen,  and  bmnda' Maria'  in  my  master's  daughter. 
I  soon  succeeded  to  my  mastei's  business,  and  have 
bequeathed  yoa  jBlOOO  bi  my  wUL"— Palham.  CkrmMmtf 
Orim*. 

Baron  (The  old  Engli$h),tL  romance 
by  Clara  Reeve  (1777). 

Bar'rabas,  the  rich  "  Jew  of  Malta." 
He  is  simply  a  human  monster,  who  kills 
in  tport,  poisons  whole  nunneries,  and 


invents  infernal  machines.  Shakenpeare's 
"Shvlock**  has  a  humanity  in  the  very 
whirlwind  of  his  resentment,  but  Mar- 
lowers  **  Barrabas  "  is  a  mere  ideal  of  that 
**  thing "  which  Christian  prejudice  once 
deemed  a  Jew.  (See  Barabas.)— Mar- 
lowe, The  Jew  of  Malta  (1586). 

Bar'rabas,  the  famous  robber  and 
murderer  set  free  instead  of  Christ  by 
desire  of  the  Jews.  Called  in  the  New 
Testament  Bcunb'bas,  Bfarlowe  calls  the 
word  "  Barrabas"  in  his  Jew  of  Malta  ; 
and  Shakespeare  says : 

Would  any  of  theetook  of  Bar^baa 

Had  bean  her  husband,  rathor  than  a  Ohifstian  i 

Jfere*a«tf  qT  renloe.  afOt  It.  K  1  (UfS). 

Barry  Comw^all,the  nom  deplume 
of  Bryan  Waller  ^octer.  It  is  an 
imperfect  anagram  of  his  name  (1788- 
1874). 

Barsad  (John),  alias  Solomon  Prose, 
a  spy. 

Re  had  an  aqafline  noaa,  bat  not  straight,  bavtag  a 
peculiar  Inclination  towards  tin  Ml  ebeek ;  expraarion. 
therefore,  sinister.— G  Okkena,  d  Tal*  ^  Tmo  omm.  U. 
16(1800). 

Barsifl'a  (Santon),  in  the  Ouardiany 
the  basis  of  the  story  called  The  Monk,  by 
M.  G.  Uwis  (1796). 

Barston,  alias  captain  Fenwicke,  a 
Jesuit  and  secret  correspondent  of  the 
countess  of  Derby. — Sir  w.  Scott,  Peverii 
of  the  Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Barthoromew  (Brother),  guide  of 
the  two  Philipsons  on  their  way  to 
Strasburg. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Anne  of  Uder^ 
stein  (time,  Edward  lY.). 

Bartholomew  (8t,),  His  day  is  August 
24,  and  his  symbol  a  knife,  in  allusion  to 
the  knife  with  which  he  is  said  to  have 
been  flayed  alive. 

Bartholomew  Massaore,  the  great 
slaughter  of  the  French  huguenots  [pro- 
iestants]  in  the  reign  of  Charies  iX., 
begun  on  St.  Bartholomew's  Day,  1572. 
In  this  persecution  we  are  told  some 
80,000  persons  were  massacred  in  cool 
blood.  Some  say  more  than  doable  that 
number. 

Bartholomew^  Fi^^.  Nares  says 
these  pigs  were  real  animals  roasted  and 
sold  piping  hot  in  the  SmithDeld  fair. 
Dr.  Johnson  thinks  they  were  the  **  tidy 
boar-pigs"  made  of  flour  with  currant 
for  their  eyes.    Falstaff  calls  himself 

A  HtOe  tidy  BartholoiiMW  boar^plg. 

S  Htnrp  /r.  act  IL  SB.  4  (UBSl 

Bartoldo,  a  rich  old  miser,  who  died 
of  fear  and  want  of  subtcnanoe.    Faxio 


BABTOLR 


81 


BASIL. 


rifted  liis  tTMSores,  and  at  the  >cco>ation 
of  his  ovn  wife  wm  tried  and  ezecnted. — 
Dean  Milman,  Fatio  (1815). 

Bartoldo,  same  as  Bertoldo  {q.  «.)• 
Barton  (in  Freneh   BmrihoUj  better 
kmown,  bowsTer,  by  the  Latin  form  of  the 
Bane,  BTtoUf\  was  the  most  famoos 
master  of  the  dialeetieal  sehool  of  jiirisU 
(13 13-1 3M).     He  was  bom  at  Sasso  Fer- 
rata  in  luly,  and  was  professor  of  Ciril 
Law  at  the  University  of  Pemgi*.    His 
fepntatioB  was  at  one  time  immenie»  and 
his  works  were  quoted  as  authority  in 
nearly  erery  European  eonrt.   Heneethe 
French  proTerb,  appKed  to  a  well-read 
lawyer.  He  know  &m  "  Barthofe"  <u  wtU 
o»  m  Cordeiier  *i»  "  Dormi**  (an  anony- 
mous eompilation  of  sermons  for  the  use 
of  the  Cordelier  monks).    Another  eom- 
mon  Freneh  expression,  Bitoiu  eomms 
BmrtkoU  {**  as  deeided  as  Barthole''),  is  a 
sort  ef  punning  aOasion  to  his  Reaolu- 
tioect  Bortoti,  a  work  in  whieh  the  knot- 
tiest questions  are  sol  red  with  ex  eatke- 
dra  peremptsriness. 

Bartolus,  a  coretons  lawyer,  hus- 
band of  Amarsn'ta. — Beaumont  and 
Fktcber,  The  Spatmh  Curate  (1622). 


Barton  (&r  Andrew),  a  Scotch 
sficcr,  who  had  obtained  in  1511  letters 
ef  msffqae  for  himself  and  his  two  sons, 
tM  Bttke  repneals  upon  the  subieets  of 
Pwta^.  The  council-board  of  England, 
at  which  the  eari  of  Surrey  presided,  was 
daily  pestered  by  complaints  from  British 
serduuits  and  sailors  against  Barton,  and 
at  last  it  was  decided  to  put  him  down. 
Two  diips  were,  therefore,  placed  under 
the  commands  of  sir  Thomas  and  sir 
Edward  Howard,  an  engagement  took 
pkee,  and  sir  Andrew  Biuton  was  slain, 
Hsrely  fighting.  A  ballad  in  two  parts, 
called  "  Sir  Andiew  Barton,**  is  inserted 
IB  Perey's  Beiiques,  II.  iL  12. 

BariK^  DiteMy  dome,  cnez-wms  ht 
Barmckf  Said  when  a  person  puts  an 
saezpected  Question,  or  makes  a  startling 
proposaL  It  arose  thus:  Lafontaine 
went  one  day  with  Racine  to  teneffra^  and 
was  given  a  Bible,  ^e  turned  at  random 
to  the  '*  Prayer  of  the  Jews,**  in  Baroch, 
and  was  so  struck  with  it  that  he  said 
alfiod  to  Racine,  "Dites,  done,  who  was 
this  Baraeh  ?  Why,  do  you  know,  man, 
he  was  a  fine  genius ;  **  and  for  some  days 
afterwards  the  first  question  he  asked  his 
fncnds  was,  Ditet,  4mc^  ifow.,  omx'-'wmi 


BarsUlai  (8  tyl.),  the  dnke  of 
Ormond,  a  friend  and  firm  adherent  of 
Chartes  II.  As  Barzillai  assisted  David 
when  he  was  expelled  by  Absalom  from 
his  kingdom,  so  Ormond  assisted  Charles 
II.  when  he  was  in  exile. 


BwilUal.  erowMd  with  hoMNm  aad  vtth  jTMci, .  .  » 
In  oil*  with  hb  iDd-Uhe  prinn  be  MOunMd, 
For  Um  h*  wiftwil.  ltd  with  him  rvtumcd. 

Drfdm,  AUaUm  amd  AdMopkti.  L 

Basa-Andre,  the  wild  woman,  s 
sorceress,  married  to  Basa-Jaun,  a  sort  of 
vampire.  Basa-Andre  sometimes  is  s 
sort  of  land  mermaid  (a  beautiful  ladv 
who  sits  in  a  cave  combing  her  locks  with 
a  golden  comb).  She  hates  church  bells, 
C&e  Basa-Jaux.) 

Ba8a-Jauii,a  wood-sprite,  married  tc 
Basa-Andre,  a  sorceress.  Both  hated  the 
sound  of  church  bells.  Three  brothen 
and  their  sister  agreed  to  serve  him,  but 
the  wood-sprite  uwd  to  suck  blood  from 
the  finger  of  the  girl,  and  the  brothers 
resolved  to  kill  him.  This  they  accom- 
plished. The  Basa-Andre  induced  the 
girl  to  put  a  tooth  into  each  of  the  foot- 
baths of  her  brothers,  and,  lo !  they  be- 
came oxen.  The  girl  crossing  a  bridge 
saw  BsMt-Andre,  and  said  if  she  did  not 
restore  her  brothers  she  would  put  hei 
into  a  red-hot  oven,  so  Basa-Anore  told 
the  giri  to  give  each  brother  three  blows 
on  the  back  with  a  hazel  wand,  and  on  so 
doing  thev  were  restored  to  their  proper 
forms.— Rev.  W.Webster,  Baaque  Legends ^ 
49  (1877). 

BashflQ  Man  ( The),  a  comic  drams 
by  W.  T.  Moncrieff.  Edward  Blush- 
ington,  a  young  man  just  come  into  a 
la^e  fortune,  is  so  bashful  and  shy  that 
life  is  a  misery  to  him.  He  dines  at 
Friendly  Hall,  and  makes  all  sorts  of 
ridiculous  blunders.  His  college  chum, 
Frank  Friendly,  sends  word  to  say  that 
he  and  his  sister  DitiHh,  with  sir  lliomas 
and  lady  Friendly,  will  dine  with  him  ai 
Blushington  House.  After  a  few  glasses 
of  wine,  Edward  loses  his  shyness, 
makes  a  long  speech,  and  becomes  the 
accepted  suitor  of  Dinah  Friendly. 

Basil,  the  blacksmith  of  Grand  Pr^, 
in  Acadia  (now  Nova  Scotia),  and  father 
of  Gabriel  the  betrothed  of  Evangeline. 
When  the  colony  was  driven  into  exile  in 
1718  by  (^ige  II.,  Basil  settled  in 
Louisiana,  and  greatly  prospered  ;  but  his 
son  led  a  wandering  life,  looking  foi 
Evangeline,  and  died  in  Pennsylvania 
of  the  plague. — Longfellow,  Evangeims 
(1849). 

e 


BASILE. 


83 


BASTARD. 


Ba'adle  (2  sylAf  a  calamniatiiiff,  nig- 
gmrdly  bif^ot  in  I^  Mariage  de  Figaroy 
and  again  in  Le  Barbier  de  S^vUle^  both 
by  Beaumarchais.  *'  Basile  "  and  **  Tar- 
tuffe"  are  the  two  French  incarnations  of 
reli^ouB  hypocriaj.  The  former  is  the 
clerical  humbog,  and  the  latter  the  lay 
religious  hypocrite.  Both  deal  largely 
in  calumny,  and  trade  in  slander. 

Basil'ia,  a  hypothetical  island  in  the 
northern  ocean,  famons  for  its  amber. 
Mannert  says  it  is  the  southern  extremity 
of  Sweden^  erroneously  called  an  island. 
It  is  an  historical  fact  that  the  ancients 
drew  their  chief  supply  of  amber  from 
Uie  shores  of  the  Baltic. 

Basilis'oo,  a  bully  and  a  braggart,  in 

Soiyman  and  Perseda    n592).     Bhake- 

speare  has  made  "  Pistol    the  counterpart 

of  **  Basilisco.*^ 

Knight  kntght,  xood  mother,  BMillMO-llke. 

ShakaqMue,  Kin§  John,  act  L  k.  1  (USS). 

(That  is,  "  my  boasting  like  Basilisco 
has  made  me  a  kni^t,  gw>d  mother.'*) 

Bas'ilisk,  suDposod  to  kill  with  .its 

gaze  the  person  who  looked  on  it.    Thus 

Henry  Vl.  saprs    to    Suffolk,    "Come, 

basilisk,  and  kill  the  innocent  gazer  with 

thy  sight." 

Natiu  In  ardent*  Lvdte  biwIlbeiM  arena, 
Yolnaimt  aqMctu,  lomlnlbtuqua  noceC 

Mantnanoi. 

BasiliuB,  a  neighbour  of  Quiteria, 
whom  he  loved  from  childhood,  bul 
when  grown  up  the  father  of  the  lady 
forbade  him  the  house,  and  promiseil 
Quiteria  in  marriage  to  Camacho,  Uie 
richest  man  of  the  vicinity.  On  their 
way  to  church  thev  passed  Basilius, 
who  had  fallen  on  his  sword,  and  all 
thought  he  was  at  the  point  of  death. 
He  praved  Quiteria  to  marry  him,  "  for 
his  soul  s  peace,"  and  as  it  was  deemed  a 
mere  ceremony,  they  were  married  in  due 
form.  Up  then  started  the  wounded  man, 
and  showed  that  ^e  stabbing  was  only 
a  ruse,  and  the  blood  that  of  a  sheep  from 
the  slaughter-house.  Camacho  gracefully 
accepted  the  defeat,  and  allowed  the  pre- 
parations for  the  general  feast  to  proceed. 


BaiUiu*   U  •trong  and  activa,  pitchaa  the  bar  ad- 

Ing  deit 
axcellcht  crickal«r.    H«  ran*  lika  a  buck,  kapa  like  a 


mlraMx,  wmtles  with  amadni 


iterltjr.  and  i*  an 


wUd  guat.  and  playt  at  ikiulci  like  a  wiiard.  Then  he 
has  a  flne  rutce  for  dnglnc.  be  touchea  the  guitar  to  aa  to 
make  It  apeak,  and  bandM  a  foil  at  weU  ae  any  feneer 


ln8pain.~€anrantca.  Don  QuiaoU,  IL  IL  4  (161S). 

Baskerville  (A),  an  edition  of  the 
New  Testament,  or  Latin  classics,  brought 
out  by  John  BaskenrlUe,  a  famous  printer 
(1706-1776). 


_  or  Bagseog,  a  Scandinavian 
king,  who  with  Halden  or  Halfdene 
(2  $yl.)  king  of  Denmark,  in  871,  made  a 
descent  on  Wessex.  In  this  year  Ethel- 
red  fought  nine  pitched  battles  with  the 
Danes.  The  first  was  the  battle  of  Engle- 
field,  in  Berkshire,  lost  by  the  Danes ;  the 
next  was  the  battle  of  Reading,  won  by 
the  Danes;  ^e  third  was  the  famous 
battle  of  iEscesdun  or  Ashdune  (now 
AsAton)^  lost  by  the  Danes,  and  in  which 
king  Bagsecg  was  slain. 

And  BUielrad  wHh  tiMm  [(»•  Ahm]  bIm 

that  fought .  .  . 
Then  Reading  jr*  regiUnad.  led  bj  that  vaSant  lorA, 
Where  Bavlf  f  ootbcmvod.  and  Halden  nrord  to  i 

Diajrton.  Polg^btom.  lU.  {MM). 

Next  jmr  (871)  the  Danes  for  the  flnt  time  entcr^ 
Weaex.  .  .  .  The  flnt  place  thejr  eame  to  wae  Readlug. 
.  .  .  Nine  i^mt  battles,  barides  smaller  sktraitaiiei.  were 
fought  this  year.  In  some  of  whhsh  the  En^iab  won.  an4 
in  others  the  Danes.  First.  aMerroan  wBthelwulf  fotwht 
the  Danes  at  BngtefieU.  and  beat  theas.  Four  dajri  aRer 
that  ibere  was  another  battle  at  Reading  .  .  .  where  the 

Mr^thehndf  1 


Dianca  had  the  better  of  It,  and 
Four  days  afterwards  there  wae  another  mere  fiunooa 
battle  at  .Asoeedun  .  .  .  and  king  ^Bthehed  fought 
against  the  two  Unp,  and  slew  Bs^seqi  with  his  own 
hand.— K.  A.  Freeman.  OM  gnglUh  aUtorw  (1S»);  aee 
r.  U/m  ^  AlfnA  (ninth  century). 


Bassa'nio,  the  lover  fA  Portia,  suc- 
cessful in  his  dioice  of  the  three  caskets, 
which  awarded  her  to  him  as  wife.  It 
was  for  Bassanio  that  his  friend  Antonio 
borrowed  8000  ducats  of  the  Jew  Shvlock, 
on  the  strange  condition  that  if  he  re- 
turned the  loan  within  three  months  no 
interest  should  be  required,  but  if  not, 
the  Jew  mifl^t  claim  a  pound  of  An- 
tonio's flesh  for  forfeiture. — Shakespeare, 
Uerehatd  of  Venice  (1698). 

Bas'set  {Count) ^  a  swindler  and 
forger,  who  assumes  the  title  of  "  cotmt  '* 
to  further  his  dishonest  practices. — 
C.  Gbber,  The  Provoked  Hudband  (1728). 

Baasia'nus,  brother  of  Satnr'nius 
emperor  of  Rome,  in  love  with  Lavin'ia 
daughter  of  Titus  Andron'icus  (properlr 
Anaronicus),  He  is  stabbed  by  Deme- 
trius and  Chiron,  sons  of  Tam'ora  queen 
of  the  Goths.— (?)Shakespeare,  Titiu 
Andronicus  (1693). 

Bassrno  {Count)^  the  "perjured 
husband  "  of  Aurelia,  slain  by  Alojnzo. — 
Mrs.  Centlivre,  The  Perjured  Husband 
(1700). 

Bastard.  Homer  was  probably  & 
bastard.  Virgil  was  certainly  one. 
NeoptoPemos  was  the  bastard  son  of 
Achilles  by  Deidam!a  (6  s^/.).  Romulus 
and  Remus,  if  they  ever  existed,  were  the 
love-sons  of  a  vestal.  Brutus  the  regi- 
cide was  a  bastard.    Ulysses  was  pro* 


BASTARD. 


BATTLE  OF  WARTBER6. 


bablj  flo,  Teacer  oertoinly,  and  Darius 
gloned  in  the  ■nnuune  of  Nothot, 

Bastard  {The)j  in  English  history  is 
William  I.,  natnial  son  of  Robert  le 
DUble.  His  mother  was  a  peasant  girl 
of  Falaise. 

Bastard  of  Orleans,  Jean  Dnnois, 
a  Batual  son  of  Lonis  due  d'Orleans 
(brother  of  Charies  VI.))  and  one  of  the 
HMMt  brilliant  soldiers  France  ever  pro- 
duced (1400-1468).  B^Esnger  mentions 
him  in  his  CharU9  8epL 

Bastille.  The  prisoner  who  had 
been  confined  in  the  Bastille  for  sixty-one 
years  was  A.  M.  Dussanlt,  who  was  in- 
carcerated by  cardinal  Richelien. 


In  South  Staffordshire  that 
slaty  coal  which  will  not  bum,  but  which 
lies  in  the  fire  till  it  becomes  red  hot,  is 
called  "  bat ; "  hence  the  expression, 
Warm,  as  a  bat. 

BataVia^  Holland  or  the  Nether- 
huids.  So  called  from  the  Bata'vians, 
a  Celtic  tribe,  which  dwelt  there. 

• .  •  void  of  envt 
iottk:  and  M  tim  ffwwp 
■katM,  a  ttw— mwl  dlflcf«iit  wt^t, 
lud  li  wiiMeind  aO  wlUi  jor. 


Ob 


Bates  (1  tyQt  &  soldier  in  the  army  of 
Henr^  Y.,  under  sir  Thomas  Erpingham. 
He  IS  introduced  wiUi  C>>nrt  and 
Williams  as  sentinels  before  the  English 
camp  at  Aginconrt,  and  the  king  un- 
known comes  to  them  during  the  watch, 
sad  holds  with  them  a  conversation 
respecting  the  impending  battle. — Shake- 
•poue,  Henry  V,  act  iv.  sc.  1  (1699). 

BaUs  iFrakk\  the  friend  of  Whittle. 
A  man  of  good  plain  sense,  who  tries  to 
langfa  the  old  bean  out  of  his  folly. — 
Garrick,  The  Irish  WiOow  (1757). 

Bates  (Chariey)f  generally  called 
*"  Master  Bates,*"  one  of  Fagin's  "  pupils,'* 
trainii^  to  be  a  pickpocket.  He  is 
always  laughing  uproariously,  and  is 
sbnoiit  equal  in  artifice  and  adroitness 
to  "The  Artful  Dodger**  himself.— 
C.  Dickens,  Oliver  Ticist  (1837). 

Bath,  called  by  the  Romans  Aqita 
Solis  (**  waters  of  the  bun**),  and  by  the 
Saxons  Adumumntan  (**city  of  the 
sJck**). 

Batk  (Kmg  of),  Richard  Kash,  generally 
esUed  Beau  Nash,  master  of  ue  cere- 
monies for  fifteen  vears  in  that  fashion- 
able city  (1674-1761). 


Bath  {The  Maid  of).  Miss  Unley.  a 
beautiful  and  accomphshed  singer,  wno 
married  Richard  B.  Sheridan,  the  states- 
num  and  dramatist. 

Bath  {The  Wife  of),  one  of  the 
pilgrims  travelling  from  Southwark  to 
Canterbury,  in  Chaucer's  Canterbury 
Tales.  She  tells  her  tale  in  turn,  and 
chooses  "  Midas  **  for  her  subject  (1388). 

Bath'sheba,  duchess  of  Portsmouth, 
a  favourite  court  lady  of  Charles  II.  As 
Bathsheba,  the  wife  of  Uri'ah,  was 
criminally  loved  by  David,  so  Ix>uisa  P. 
Keroual  (duchess  of  Portsmouth)  was 
criminally  loved  by  Charles  II. 

My  1aihtK\Chmrl«»  ll.\  whom  with  iwcrane*  I  naBM  . . . 
]«  frown  in  BMtMMtw'*  MnfafaoM  old. 

DrydMi.  ilAaaZam  and  ^«Ur«||A«l,  U. 

Battar  (^10*  **^  ^  trenchant^  one  of 
Mahomet's  swords. 

Battle  {The  British  Soldiers'),  Inker- 
man,  November  5,  1854. 

Battle  of  Bamet,  14th  April.  1471, 
was  certainly  one  of  the  most  decisive 
ever  fought,  although  it  finda  no  place 
amongst  professor  (Treasy*s  list  of  **  de- 
cisive battles.*'  It  closed  for  ever  the 
Age  of  Force,  the  potentiality  of  the 
barons,  and  opened  the  new  era  of  trade, 
literature,  and  public  opinion.  Here  fell 
Warwick,  the  "  king  maker,"  "  last  of  the 
barons;**  and  thenceforth  the  king  had 
no  peer,  but  king  was  king,  lords  were 
lords,  and  commons  the  people.. 

Battle  of  Nations,  the  terrible 
conflict  at  Leipsic  (October  18  and  19, 
1813)  between  Napoleon  and  the  Allies. 
Its  issue  was  the  defeat  of  Napoleon  and 
the  deliverance  of  Germany.  It  is  called 
**U)e  Battle  of  Nations**  not  only  from 
the  number  engaged  therein,  but  also 
from  its  being  the  champion  battle  of  the 
nations  ot  Europe. 

Battle  of  Prague,  a  piece  of  de- 
scriptive music  ver>'  popular  in  the  first 
quarter  of  the  nineteenth  century.  It 
was  composed  by  Franz  Kotzwara  of 
Prague,  bom  1791. 

Battle  of  Wartberg  (27«?),  the 
annual  contest  of  the  minnesingers  for 
the  prize  offered  by  Hermann  mar- 
graf  of  Wartberg,  near  Gotha,  in  Ger- 
many, in  the  twelfth  century.  There  is 
a  m'innesong  so  called,  celebrating  the 
famous  contests  of  Walter  von  der  Vogel- 
weide  and  Wolfram  von  Esohenbaoh  with 
Heinrich  von  Ofterdingen.  Heinrich  lost 
the  former  and  won  the  latter. 


BATTLE  OF  THE  GIANTS. 


84 


BAUCIS  AND  PHILEMON. 


Battle  of  the  Giants,  Marignano, 
September,  1515.  Francois  I.  won  thii 
battle  over  the  Swiss  and  the  duke  of 
liUlan.  The  French  numbered  26,000 
men,  the  Swiss  20,000.  The  loss  of  the 
former  was  6000,  and  of  the  latter  10,000. 
It  is  called  <*  the  Battle  of  the  Giants  "  be- 
cause the  combatants  on  both  sides  were 
"mighty  men  of  war,"  and  strove  for 
victory  like  giants. 

Battle  of  the  Three  Emperors, 

AnsterUtz,  2nd  December,  1805.  So 
called  because  the  emperor  Napoleon,  the 
emperor  of  Russia,  and  the  emperor  of 
Austria  were  all  present.  Napoleon  won 
the  fight 

Battle  of  the  West  (Oreat)^  the 
battle  between  kin^  Arthur  and  Mordred. 
Here  the  king  received  his  death-wound. 

For  battle  of  the  6oo^,  of  the  herrings, 
of  the  moatj  of  the  standard^  of  the 
apurSf  etc.,  see  Dictionary  of  Phraae  and 
Fable, 

Battles  (  The  Fifteen  Decisive),  accord- 
ing to  professor  Creasy,  are — 

(1)  Mar'athon  (b.c.  490),  in  which  the 
Greeks  under  Milti'adSs  defeated  Darius 
^e  Persian,  and  turned  the  tide  of  Asiatic 
invasion. 

(2)  Syracuse  (b.c.  413),  in  which  the 
Athenian  power  was  broken  and  the  ex- 
tension of  Greek  domination  prevented. 

(8)  Arbe'la  (b,c.  881),  by  which  Alex- 
ander overthrew  Darius  and  introduced 
European  habits  into  Asia. 

(4)  Metau'rus  (b.c.  207),  in  which  the 
Romans  defeated  Hannibal,  and  Carthage 
came  to  ruin. 

(5^  Artnin'itu  (a.d.  9),  in  which  the 
Gauls  overthrew  the  Romans  under  Varus 
and  established  the  independence  of 
Gaul. 

(6)  Chalons  (a.d.  451),  in  which 
Attila,  "  The  Scourge  of  God,"  was  de- 
feated by  Actius,  and  Europe  saved  from 
utter  devastation. 

(7)  Tours  (a.d.  782),  in  which  C!harles 
Martel  overthrew  the  Saracens,  and  broke 
from  Europe  the  Mohammedan  voke. 

(8)  Bastings  (a.d.  1066),  by  which 
William  the  Norman  became  possessed  of 
the  English  crown. 

(9)  Orleans  (a.d.  1429),  by  which  Joan 
of  Arc  raised  the  siege  of  the  city  and 
secured  the  independence  of  France. 

(10)  Armada  (a.d.  1588),  which 
crushed  the  hopes  of  Spain  and  of  the 
|iapacy  in  England. 

(11)  Blenheim  (a.p.  1704),  in  which 


Marlborough,  by  the  defeat  of  Tallard, 
broke  ofF  the  ambitious  schemes  of 
Louis  XIV. 

(12)  PulUwa  (a.d.  1709),  in  which 
(Carles  XII.  of  Sweden  was  defeated  by 
Peter  the  Great  of  Russia,  and  the  sta- 
bility of  the  Muscovite  empire  was 
established. 

(18)  Sarato'ga  (a.d.  1777),  in  which 
general  Gates  defeated  Burgoyne,  and 
decided  the  fote  of  the  American  Revolu- 
tion, by  making  France  their  ally. 

(14)  Vaimy  (a.d.  1792),  in  which  the 
alhed  armies  under  the  duke  of  Bruns- 
wick were  defeated  by  the  French  Revo- 
lutionists, and  th«  revolution  was 
suffered  to  go  on. 

(16)  WaMoo  (A.D.  1815),  in  which 
Wellington  defeated  Napoleon  and  saved 
Europe  from  becoming  a  French  pro- 
vince. 

Battles.  J.  B.  Martin,  of  Paris,  painter 
of  battle-scenes,  was  called  by  the  French 
M.  des  Bataiiles  (1659-1785). 

Battle  for  Battle-aze. 

The  word  hatttm  .  .  .  mmat  to  bo  uaod  for  haUl^-amm 
in  this  unnoticed  pMaifle  of  tho  Paelmt :  "  Then  btrmko 
He  the  itrrowi  of  the  bom,  the  tkUld.  the  MMrtl.  and  the 
hata*  [axel.  "—Rev.  J.  Whltaker,  CHMe«'«  Biatorf  «•- 


Battle-Bridge,  King's  Cross,  Lon- 
don. CaUed  *'Satle"  from  being  the 
site  of  a  battle  between  Alfred  and  the 
Danes ;  and  otlled  **  King's  Cross"  from 
a  wretched  statue  of  Geoige  IV.,  taken 
down  in  1842.  The  historic  name  of 
**  Batde-Bridge  **  was  changed  in  1871. 
by  the  Metropolitan  Boarc^  for  that  of 
'' York  Road.'^  Miserabile  dictu  I 

BattUB,  a  shepherd  of  Arcadia.  Hav- 
ing witnessed  Mercury's  theft  of  Apollo's 
oxen,  he  received  a  cow  from  the  thief 
to  ensure  his  secrecV  ;  but,  in  order  to 
test  his  fidelity.  Mercury  re-appeared 
soon  afterwards,  and  offered  him  an  ox 
and  a  cow  if  he  would  blab.  Battus  fell 
into  the  trap,  and  was  instantly  changed 
into  a  touchstone. 

When  Tantalus  In  h«n  seee  state  and  itavw ; 
And  Bencelew  Battn*  for  a  touctuAooe  Mrvea 

Lord  Brooke.  Tr^mtU*  en  Mnnmrckit,  Iv. 

Ban'ois  and  Philemon,  an  aged 
Phrygian  woman  and  her  husband,  who 
received  Jupiter  and  Mercury  hospitably 
when  every  one  else  in  the  place  had 
refused  to  entertain  them.  For  this 
courtesy  the  gods  changed  the  Phnrgians* 
cottage  into  a  magnincent  temple,  and 
appointed  the  pious  couple  over  it  They 
both  died  at  the  t>ame  time,  according  to 


BAULDIE. 


86 


BATES 


and  wen  concerted  into  two 
ttees  before  the  temple. — Ore«k  and  Bo- 
Mythology. 


Baul'die  (2  «^.)>  stable -W  of 
Joehua  Geddes  the  ouaker.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
RedgamUUt  (time,  Geoige  III.). 

BoMFSf  (S  sy/.),  the  old  abepheni  in 
tbe  inin>dnction  ^  tiie  atonr  called  The 
Biaek  Dwwf,  by  air  W.  Scott  (time, 
Anne). 

Bav^ad  {The),  a  sadre  by  W.  Giifoid 
OB  the  Delia  Crnscan  school  of  poetiy 
{17»4).  It  was  followed  in  1800  by  The 
The  words  ^  Baviad "  and 
"Ifaeriad"  were  suggested  by  VirgiL 
JSci.  iiL  90, 91.       ^^  "^         *^ 


Bavian  Fool  {The),  one  of  the 
duaelen  in  th<  (^  morris  dance.  He 
voie  a  red  cap  faced  with  yellow,  a 
ycUow  *«  dabbenag-bib.**  a  bine  donblet, 
red  boae,  and  black  shoes.  He  represents 
SB  oreigmwn  baby,  but  was  a  tumbler, 
and  mimicked  the  barking  of  a  dog.  The 
word  Barian  is  derived  from  bawm,  a 
"bib  for  a  sUbbering  child"  (see  Cot- 
Bare,  French  Dictionary),  In  modern 
Prendi  hate  means  **driyel,"  **  slabbering,** 
and  the  rerb  bamer  *'  to  slabber,**  but  the 
lab  is  BOW  called  baoette,  (See  Mokus 
Dasck.) 

BaTie'ca,  the  Cid*8  horse.  He  sor- 
Tired  his  master  two  years  and  a  half, 
and  was  boried  at  Yalenda.  No  one  was 
ercr  allowed  to  mount  him  after  the 
desch  of  tite  Qd. 

Baei^ca  [ue,  '*  Booby  "^^  WhenRodri- 
p  was  taken  in  his  boyhood  to  dioose  a 
none,  he  passed  over  the  best  steeds,  and 
■elected  a  scrubby-looking  colt  His 
godfather  called  the  boy  a  booby  Ibavte- 
oa]  for  making  such  a  silly  choice,  and 
the  name  was  given  to  the  horse. 

Ba'vina,  any  vile  poet.  (See 
ILsva's.) 

^  Bntn  MM  odit.  UMt  tm  canalM.  Itevl. 
■C  valfMs,  ct  multfaat  himM. 

VhSTsw.  HI.  M, »!. 

tlothtSaHrm. 


Bawtrr.  Like  the  scddUr  of  Bmctry, 
Tr  ^  ^"Iff^  f^  leaving  hie  liquor 
yi^hJttre  J'rocerb),  It  was  customary 
for  criminals  on  their  way  to  execution 
to  stop  at  a  certain  tavern'  in  York  for  a 
"  parting  draught.**  The  saddler  of  Baw- 
try  refused  to  accept  the  liquor,  and  was 


hanged,  whereas  if  he  had  stopped  a  few 
minutes  at  the  tavern  his  reprieve,  which 
was  on  the  road,  would  have  arrived  in 
time  to  save  him. 

Ba'yard,  Le  chevalier  sans  pew  et 
sans  reproche  (1476-1624). 

The  British  Bayard,  ai  Philip  Sidney 

^  10«>T— ido4^  • 

The  Polish  Bayard,  prince  Joseph  Poni- 
atowski  (1763-1814). 

The  Bayard  of  India,  sir  James  Outrara 
(1803-1868).  So  caUed  by  sir  Charlek 
Napier. 

Ba^yard,  a  horse  of  incredible  speed, 
belonging  to  the  four  sons  of  Aymon. 
If  only  one  mounted,  the  horse  was  of 
the  ordinary  size,  but  increased  in  pro- 
portion as  two  or  more  mounted.  (The 
word  means  "bright  bay  colour.**)— 
Villeneuve,  Les  Qmiro-Itls-Aymon. 

Bayard,  the  steed  of  Fitz-James.— Sir 
W.  Scott,  Ladj;  of  the  Lake,  v.  18  (1810). 

Bayar'do,  tiie  famous  steed  of 
Rinaldo,  which  once  belonged  to  Amidis 
of  Gaul.  It  was  found  in  a  g^rotto  by 
the  wizard  Malagigi,  along  with  the 
sword  Fusberta,  both  of  which  he  gave 
to  his  cousin  Rinaldo. 

Hkeolotir  bar.  ud  IwDMhlt  BMM  be  draw-. 

IiBbbued  hb  front. 

TtaM^  jMmoMo.  U.  »>(I0fl|)L 

Bayee  (1  syL),  the  chief  characier  of 
The  Behearsal,  a  farce  by  George  Viiiiers, 
duke  of  Buckingham  (1671).  Bayes  is 
represented  as  greedy  of  applause,  im- 
patient of  censure,  meanly  obsequious, 
regardless  of  plot,  and  only  anxious  for 
claptrap.  The  character  is  meant  for 
John  Drvden. 

•«•  C.  Dibdin,  in  his  History  of  the 
Stage,  states  that  Mrs.  Mountford  played 
"Baves"  "with  more  variety  than  had 
ever  been  thrown  into  the  part  before." 

Nomeictor  novd-wriUaff  opoMa  Itarif  to  •  Mfww 
tml.  itjic*  It  not  omij  ntAas  aU  B«m«'  ttratMuioia  "  to 
J25U  to.  I«.,toati«?r .  b«^^ 

Dead  men  may  rise  again,  tike  Baye^ 
troops,  or  the  savages  in  the  FantocinL  In 
the  farce  above  referred  to  a  battle  is 
fought  between  foot-soldiers  and  great 
hobby-horses.  At  last  Drawcansir  kills 
all  on  both  sides.  Smith  then  asks  Baves 
"  How  are  they  to  go  off  ?  **  **  As  they 
^e  on,**  savs  Bayes,  "  upon  their  le^s."^ 
Whereupon  the  dead  men  all  jump  op  alive 
again. 

\*  This  revival  of  life  is  imitated  by 


BAYEUX  TAPESTRY. 


86 


BEARDED. 


Rhodes  in  the  Ust  scene  of  his  Bombastes 
Furioto, 

Bayeuz  Tapestry,  said  to  be  the 
work  of  English  damsels  retained  in  the 
court  of  Matilda,  the  Conqueror's  wife. 
When  Napoleon  contemplated  tlie  invasion 
of  England  in  1808,  he  caused  this  record 
to  be  removed  to  Paris,  where  it  was  ex- 
hibited in  the  National  Museum.  Having 
served  its  purpose,  it  was  returned  to 
Bayenx.  Fac-similes  by  Stothard  were 
published  in  the  Vetusta  Monumenta^  at 
the  expense  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries. 
The  original  is  preserved  in  the  Hotel  of 
the  Prefecture  of  Bayeux  (Normandy) 
and  is  called  ToUe  dk  St,  Jean,  It  is  coiled 
round  a  windlass,  and  consists  of  linen 
worked  with  wools.  -  It  is  20  inches 
broad,  214  feet  long,  and  contains  72 
compartments. 

Ist  compartment,  Edtcardus  Hex:  the 
Confessor  is  giving  audience  to  two  per> 
sons,  one  of  whom  is  Harold.  2nd, 
Harold^  with  a  hawk  in  his  hand  (a  mark 
of  nobility)  and  his  hounds^  is  on  his 
way  to  Bosham.  8rd,  Eociesta :  a  Saxon 
church,  with  two  fibres  about  to  enter. 
4Ui,  Harold  embarking.  5th,  The  voya^ 
to  Normandy.  6th,  Disembarking  on  the 
coast  of  Normandy.  7U]  and  8th,  seizure 
of  Harold  by  the  count  of  Ponthieu.  9th, 
Harold  remonstrating  with  Guy,  the 
count,  upon  his  unjust  seizure.  lOth  to 
20th.  scenes  connected  with  the  sojourn 
of  Harold  at  the  court  of  William.  26th, 
Harold  swearing  fidelity  to  William,  with 
each  hand  on  a  shrine  of  relics.  27th, 
Harold's  return.  28th,  his  landing.  29th, 
presents  himself  to  king  Edward.  30th 
to  82nd,  the  sickness  of  the  Confessor, 
his  death,  and  his  funeral  procession  to 
Westminster  Abbey.  83rd,  the  crown 
offered  to  Harold.  84th,  Harold  on  the 
throne,  and  Stigant  the  archbishop.  85th, 
the  comet.  86ui,  William  orders  a  fleet 
to  be  built.  65th,  orders  the  camp  at 
Hastings  to  be  constructed.  71st,  death 
of  Harold.  72nd,  duke  William  triumph- 
ant. Althoujgh  580  figures  are  repre- 
sented in  this  tapestry,  only  tliree  of 
them  are  women. 

Bayiiard  (Mr»)j  introduced  in  an  epi- 
sode in  the  novel  called  Humphry 
Cimkerj  by  Smollett  (1771). 

Baysw^ater  (London),  that  is, 
Bayard's  Watering^  a  string  of  pools  and 
ponds  which  now  form  the  Serpentine. 

Bea'oon  {Tom)y  groom  to  Master 
Chiffinch  (private  emissary  of  Charles  II.). 


—Sir  W.  Scott,P«j«rff  of  tAe  Peak  (time, 
Charles  II.).  . 

Beadle.   The  running  banquet  of  tvc 
beadieSf  a  public  whipping.    (See  Henry 
VIIL  act  V.  sc.  8.) 

Bea'gle  (Sir  Harry),  a  horsy  country 

gentleman,  who  can  talk  of  nothing  bat 
orses  and  dogs.  He  is  wofully  rustic 
and  commonphce.  Sir  Harry  makes  a 
bargain  with  lord  Trinket  to  ^ve  up 
Harriet  to  him  in  exchange  for  his  horse. 

iSee  Goldfinch.) — George  Colman,  The 
^eahus  Wife  (1761). 

Beak.  Sir  John  Fielding  was  called 
"The  Blind  Beak"  (died  17S>). 

Bean  Iiean  (Donald),  alias  Will 
Ruthven,  a  Highland  robber-chief.  He 
also  appears  disguised  as  a  pedlar  on  the 
road-side  leading  to  Stirling.  Waverley 
is  rowed  to  the  robber's  7$ave  and  remains 
there  all  night. 

Alice  Bean,  daughter  of  Donald  Bean 
Lean,  who  attends  on  Waverley  during  a 
fever. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Waverley  (time, 
George  II.). 

Bear  ( 7%^),  emblem  of  ancient  Persia. 
The  golden  hon  was  the  emblem  of  an- 
cient Assyria. 

Whert  !•  th*  Amjtian  lion's  golden  bid*. 

Tbftt  all  the  East  once  gnwped  In  lordly  paw 
Whore  that  i^mt  Ponian  bear,  wboae  vwdlliig  prid* 

The  lioa's  Mlf  tore  out  with  raveaout  )awf 

Pbin.  Fleteher.  r*«  PurpU  ItUutd.  vU.  asSS). 

Bear  ( The),  Russia,  its  cognisance  being 
A  bear. 

Fnuioe  trnvt  fhmi  her  abandoned  Mondi  afredi. 
And  eoothee  the  Bear  that  prowls  for  patriot  SeA. 

Gaiupbell.  Poland. 

Bear  ( The  Brave) .  Warwick  is  so  cal  led 
from  his  cognizance,  which  was  a  bear 
and  ragged  staff. 

Bear  (The  Great),  called  "Hellice.* 

Night  on  the  earth  poured  darknen;  on  the  eea 
The  wakeful  sailor  to  Orion's  star 
And  lUdlM  turned  heedful. 

ApoUSnlus  RhodliM,  Xiyowmtfles. 

BearclifT  (Deacon),  at  the  Gordon 
Arms  or  Kippletringam  inn,  where 
colonel  Mannenng  stops  on  his  return  to 
England,  and  bears  of  Bertram*s  illness 
and  distress.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Guy  Manner- 
ing  (time,  George  II.). 

Bearded^  (The),  (1)  Geoffrey  the 
crusader.  (2)  Bouchard  of  the  house  of 
Montmorency.  (3)  Constandne  lY. 
(648-685).  (4)  Master  George  KiUing- 
worthe  of  the  court  of  Ivan  the  Ternbie 
of  Russia,  whose  beard  (says  Hakluyt) 
was  five  feet  two  inches  long,  yellow. 


BSABNAIS. 


87 


BEAUJEU. 


ftkk,  and  broad.  Sir  Hn^h  Willonghby 
vas  allowed  to  take  it  in  his  hand. 

71W  Bearded  Master.  Soc'rat^  was  so 
ealkd  by  Peraliis  (ii.c.  46»-399). 

HoMdaomt  Beotrd,  Baldwin  lY.  earl 
of  Flanders  (1160-1186). 

Jokn  the  Bearded,  John  Mayo,  the 
German  painter,  whose  beard  touched  the 
gronnd  when  he  stood  upright. 

Beamais  (Le),  Henri  lY.  of  France, 
so  called  from  lus  native  province,  Le 
(1563-1610). 


Be'atrioe  (8  jy/.),  a  child  eight  years 
old,  to  whom  Dante  at  tiie  age  of  nine 
wsa  ardently  attached.  She  was  the 
dai^ter  of  Folco  Poitina'ri,  a  rich  citizen 
of  Fiorenee.  Bea^ce  married  Simoni  de 
Bazdi,  and  died  before  she  was  24  years 
oU  (1266-1290).  DantS  married  Gem- 
ma Donati,  and  his  marriage  was  a  most 
mfaappy  one.  His  love  for  Beatrice  re- 
mained after  her  decease.  She  was  the 
fbootatn  oi  his  poetic  inspiration,  and  in 
his  Divitm  Oomunedia  he  makes  her  his 
thron^^  paradise. 

Bd  Mlttoa's  Bre 


Shakespeare,  Much  Ado  aboui  Nothing 
(1600). 


foa( 

1BLU(18I0)l 


(IGIton,  who  married  Mary  Powell,  of 
Oxfordshire,  was  as  unfortunate  in  his 
choieeaa  l>ant&) 

Bmtriot,  wife  of  lAdov'ico  Sf orza. 

Itiafner,  daughter  of  Ferdinando  king 
of  Nai^es,  sister  of  Leonora  duchess  of 
Fcnara,  and  wife  of  Mathias  Corvi'nus 
of  Hongaiy. 

Beatrice^  niece  of  Leonato  governor  of 
Messina,  kvely  and  light-heuted,  affec- 
tionate and  impulsive.  Though  wilful 
^  is  not  wayward,  though  volatile  she 
is  not  nnfeelmg,  though  teeming  with 
vit  snd  gaiety  she  is  affectionate  and 
energetic.  At  first  she  dislikes  Bene- 
dick, and  thinks  him  a  flippant  conceited 
eoxcomb ;  but  overhearing  a  conversation 
brtween  her  cousin  Hero  and  her  gentle- 
woman, in  which  Hero  bewails  that 
Beatrice  should  trifle  with  such  deep  love 
so  that  of  Benedick,  and  should  scorn 
so  trne  and  good  a  gentleman,  she  cries, 
^  Sits  the  wmd  thus?  then  farewell  con- 
tempt. Benedick,  love  on ;  I  will  requite 
you.**  This  conversation  of  Hero's  was 
a  floere  ruse,  but  Benedick  had  been 
caogfat  by  a  similar  trick  played  by 
Qaodio.  The  result  was  they  smcerely 
Vived  cadi  other,  and  were  married. — 


Mtai  Hdca  fkocH^  fcaptrw— HwM  v  Birfve  Itseir. 
*'JiiU«t.''  "  RoMliiMl.''  dhrine  "Ibmsmi.'*  "BMtrl«.'*iUl 
crowd  apoo  oar  ttae/.—DmUim    UnUntltg  ifa^adiM 

Beatrice  Cenci,  The  Beauti/ut  Par- 
ricide (q.v.), 

Beatrice  D'Este,  canonized  at 
Rome. 

Beau  Brummel,  Cieorge  Bryan 
Brummel  (177S-1840). 

Beau  Clark,  a  billiard-maker  at  the 
banning  of  the  nineteenth  centunr. 
He  was  called  **The  Beau,'*  assumed  the 
name  of  Beauderc^  and  paid  his  addresses 
to  %  protegee  of  lord  File. 

Beau  Fielding,  called  "  Handsome 
Fielding"  by  Charles  11.,  by  »  play  on 
his  name^  which  was  Hendrome  Fielding. 
He  died  m  Scotland  Tard. 

Beau  Hewitt  was  the  original  tA  sir 
(George  Etherege's  *^  sir  Fopling  Flutter,** 
in  tl^  comedy  called  The  Man  of  Mode 
or  Sir  Fopling  Flutter  (1676). 

Beau  Nash,  Richard  Nash,  called 
also  "  Ring  of  Bath ;  **  a  Welsh  eentleman, 
who  for  fifteen  years  managed  the  bath- 
rooms of  Bath,  and  conducted  the  balls 
with  unparalleled  splendour  and  decorum. 
In  his  old  age  he  sank  into  poverty  (1674- 
1761). 

Beau  d'Orsay  (Le),  father  of  count 
d'Orsay,  whom  Byron  odls  "  Jeune  Cu- 
ptdonr 

Beau  Scant,  the  Templars*  banner, 
half  white  and  half  blaca ;  the  white 
signified  that  the  Templars  were  good  to 
Christians,  the  black  that  they  were  evil 
to  infidels. 

Beau  TibbB,  in  Goldsmith*s  CitUen 
of  the  World,  a  dandy  noted  for  his 
mnery,  vanity,  and  poverty. 

Beauclerk,  Henry  I.  king  of  Eng- 
land (1068,  1100-1136). 

Beaufort,  the  lover  of  Maria  Wilding, 
whom  ho  ultimately  marries. — ^A.  Mur- 
phy, The  Citizen  (a  &rce). 

Beaujeu  (Mons,  le  chevalier  de), 
keeper  ot  a  gambling-house  to  which 
Didgamo  takes  NigeL— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Fortunes  of  Nigel  (time,  James  I.). 

BeoMjeu  (Mons,  le  somte  de),  a  French 
oflScer  in  the  army  of  the  Chevalier 
Charles  Edward,  the  Pretender. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Waverley  (time,  George  11.). 


BEAUMAINS. 


8S 


BEAUX'  STRATAGEM. 


Beanjnains  0^  big  handa")^  m  nick- 
name which  sir  Kev  (Arthur's  steward) 
^reto  Garethwhen  he  was  kitchen  dmdge 
in  the  palace.  **  He  had  the  largest  hands 
that  ever  man  saw.**  Gareth  was  the  sob 
of  king  Lot  and  Margawse  (king  Arthur's 
sister).  His  brothers  were  sir  Gaw'ain, 
sir  Airravain,  and  sir  (jaheris.  Mordred 
was  nis  half-brother.— Sir  T.  Malory, 
Bistory  of  Prince  Arthw,  i,  120  (1470). 

*^*  His  achievements  are  given  under 
the  name  **  Gareth  *'  (a.o.). 

Tennyson,  in  his  Gareth  etnd  Lynette, 
makes  sir  Kay  tauntingly  address  Lance- 
lot thus,  referring  to  Gareth : 

Tatr  and  Sim,  twrtffqth  t 
Sir  Flne-Oice.  ilr  Falr-bMdit   But  Ha  thou  to  It 
Tti&t  thine  own  IbiMMa,  LancdoC,  mom  fine  dajr, 
Undo  ttM*  not. 

Be  it  remembered  that  Kay  himself 
called  Gareth  *^  Beaumain  "  from  the  extntr- 
ordinary  size  of  the  lad's  hands ;  but  the 
taunt  put  into  the  month  of  Kay  by  Uie 
poet  indicates  that  the  lad  prided*  himself 
on  his  **fine**  face  and  ^fair"  hands, 
which  is  not  the  case.  If  "fair  hands '* 
is  a  translation  of  this  nickname,  it 
should  be  **fine  hands,"  which  bears  the 
equivocal  sense  of  big  and  beautiful, 

Beau'manoir  {Sir  Lucas)^  Grand- 
Master  of  the  Knights  Templars.— Sir 
W.  Scott,  Ivanhoe  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Beaupre  [T^o-prav'],  son  of  judge 
Ycrtaigne  (2  syi,)  and  brother  of  Lami'ra. 
—Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The  Little 
French  Lawyer  (1647). 

Beauts  (2  syl,).  La  dame  de  Beauts, 
Agnes  Sorel,  so  called  from  the  chateau 
de  Beauts,  on  the  banks  of  the  Mame, 
given  to  her  by  Carles  YII.  (1409-1460). 

Beautiftil  {The)  or  La  Bella,  So 
Florence  is  called.  France  is  spoken  of 
by  Frenchmen  as  La  Belle  Franco, 

Beautiftil  Corisande  (3  »yl,\ 
Diane  comtesse  de  Guiche  et  de  Gram- 
mont.  She  was  the  daughter  of  Paul 
d'Andouins,  and  married  Philibert  de 
Gramont,  who  died  in  1580.  The  widow 
outlived    her    husband    for   twenty-six 

Sears.  Henri  IV.,  before  he  was  king  of 
favarre,  was  desperately  smitten  by  La 
belle  Gorisande.  and  when  Henri  was  at 
war  with  the  League,  she  sold  her  dia- 
monds to  raise  for  him  a  levy  of  20,000 
Gascons  (1654-1620). 

(llie  letters  of  Henri  to  0>risande  are 
still  preserved  in  the  Biblioth^que  de 
P Arsenal,  and  were  published  in  1769.) 

Beautiful  Parrioide  (7^),  Bea- 


trice Cenci,  daughter  of  a  Roman  noble- 
man, who  plott^  the  death  of  her  faUier 
because  he  violently  defUed  her.  She  was 
executed  in  1606.  Shelley  has  a  tragedy 
on  the  subject,  entitled  The  Cenci,  Guido 
Rent's  portrait  of  Beatrice  is  well  known 
through  its  numberless  reproductions. 
(See  p.  173.) 

Beauty. 

BmutT  •oen  giwi  ImillM'  t«  th«  lofcr. 
FmIm  in  kb  tf.  Mid  pttlk  upon  tk«  auum. 

AAUmm,  CkUo^tl  anS). 

Beauty  {Queen  of).  So  the  daughter  of 
Schems'eddin'  Mohammed,  vizier  of 
Egypt,  was  called.  She  married  her 
cousin,  Bed'reddin'  Hassan,  son  of  Nour'- 
eddin'  Ail,  vizier  of  Basora. — AraiHan 
NtghU  ("  Noureddin  AAi,"  etc.). 

Beauty  and  the  Beast  (La  Belte 
ei  la  Bete),  from  Lea  Contes  Marinef  ot 
Mde.  YiUenenvre  (1740),  the  most  beau- 
tiful of  all  nursery  tales.  A  young  and 
lovely  woman  saved  her  teHier  by  nutting 
herself  in  the  power  of  a  frightful  but 
kind-hearted  monster,  whose  respectful 
affection  and  melancholy  overcame  her 
aversion  to  his  ugliness,  and  she  consented 
to  become  his  bride.  Being  thus  freed 
from  enchantment,  the  monster  assumed 
his  proper  form  and  became  a  young  and 
handsome  prince. 

Beauty  but  Skin-deei>.  This  ex- 
pression occurs  in  Ralph  Venning's  Ortho- 
doxe  Paradoxes. 

Allth*  bMOtvar  Um  woridt^hotikted— ^aiaii- 
MMt  defkOTth  It-Srd  Bdlt..  41  (ISM). 

Beauty  of  Buttermere  (3  sy/.), 
Mary  Kobmson,  who  married  Jonn  Bat- 
field,  a  heartless  impostor  executed  for 
forgery  at  Carlisle  in  1808. 

Beauty  'when  XTnadomed  A- 
domed  the  Most.— Thomson^  Sea- 
90HS  ('♦  Autuam,"  1730). 

Beaux*  Strata^exn  {The)^  hj  Geo. 
Farquhar.  Thomas  viscount  Aimwell 
and  his  friend  Archer  (Uie  two  beaux), 
having  run  through  all  their  mon^,  set 
out  fortune-hunting,  and  come  to  lach- 
field  as  **  master  and  man.**  Aimwell 
pretends  to  be  very  unwell,  and  as  lady 
Bountiful's  hobbv  is  tending  the  sick  and 
placing  the  leech,  she  orders  him  to  be 
removed  to  her  mansion.  Here  he  and 
Dorinda  (daughter  of  lady  Bountiful)  fall 
in  love  with  each  other,  and  finally  marrv. 
Archer  falls  in  love  with  Mrs.  SuUeUj  tSe 
wife  of  squire  Sullen,  who  had  been  mar- 
ried fourteen  months  but  agreed  to  a 
divorce  on  the  score  of  incompatibility  of 
tastes  and  temper.    This  mamagv  forma 


B1ED  OF  WABS. 


BBB. 


■o  put  of  Hit  pLij ;  all  we  are  told  is 
that  she  returns  to  the  roof  of  her  brother, 
Bi  envies  Freeman  (1707). 

Bed  ofWarey  a  laxge  bed,  capable  of 
holding  twelve  persona.  Tradition  as- 
■gns  it  to  Warwick,  the  "  king  maker.** 

Bede  (Odhbert).  &e  Rer.  fidwaid 
Badiey,  author  of  The  AdoenittreM  of  Mr, 
Vgrdmi  Green,  on  Oxford  Fr^hmcm 
(18iS7). 


_  {Castie  of)i  in  Sherwood. 

It  was  *  rojal  castle,  belonging  to  king 
Aithor. 

Bed'ar  ("  Oe/ull  moon"*),  son  of  Gal- 
na'rg  (3  syi.),  the  young  king  of  Persia. 
As  his  mother  was  an  under-sea  princess, 
he  was  enabled  to  live  under  water  as 
wdl  as  on  land.  Beder  was  a  young  man 
oi  handsome  person,  quick  parts,  a^ree- 
alde  manners,  and  amiable  disposition. 
He  fell  in  lore  with  Giauha'rd,  daughter 
rf  iht  king  of  Samandal,  the  most  power- 
fal  of  the  mder-sea  empires,  but  Giau- 
hai^  dbanged  him  into  a  white  bird  with 
red  beak  and  red  l^s.  After  various 
sdrentures,  Beder  resumed  his  human 
form  and  married  Giaohar&< — Arabian 
mgkU  {"  Beder  and  Giauhard  **). 

Bed'er  or  Bedr,  a  valley  noted  for 
the  victory  gained  by  Mahomet,  in  which 
"he  was  assisted  by  8000  angels  led  by 
(jabncl  mounted  on  his  horse  llaiz'ttm.** 
—Sale's  Aortm. 

Bed'iwere  (Sr)  or  Bed'iver,  king 
Arthur's  bvUer  and  a  knight  of  the  Round 
Tkble.  He  was  the  last  of  Arthur's 
kniriits,  and  was  sent  by  the  dying  king 
ts  Uirow  his  sword  Excalibur  into  the 
iB«fe.  Being  east  in,  it  was  caught  by 
aa  snn  "  clothed  in  white  samite,**  and 
dnwn  into  the  stream. — ^Tennyson,  MorU 
^Arthur. 

Tennyson's  Mcrie  ^Arthur  is  a  very 
dose  and  in  many  parts  a  verbal  render- 
big  of  the  same  tale  in  sir  Thomas 
Malory's  Morte  ^Arthur,  iii.  168  (1470). 

Bfldlam  Beggars,  lunatics  or  mad 
■en  bekmging  u>  Bethlehem  Hospital. 
Ihis  institution  was  designed  for  six 
hmaties,  bat  in  1641  the  number  admitted 
was  fmty-fonr,  and  applications  were  so 
BBOierons  that  many  were  dismissed  half 
cured.  These  "  ticket-of-leave "  men 
ved  to  wander  about  as  Tagxanta,  singing 
"  and  dressed  in  the  oddest 
,  to  excite  eompassion. 

nb»  kM  kMR  iB  BiSliM.  Mi4  wfl  talk  tan- 

«ffanwn.    T(MM»BliuMt0taeklnMndryulaoM 

m  hii  annai,  wlildi  pMtai*  Im 


4. 


I  to  only  iviBiln  >iM  b*Bo*t  bs  li  < 
oT  hb  wlti.  H«  rails  hlouelf* ..."  Ponre  Toni,"MMl  ra 
Bins  neor  anybody  ertawont "  foo>«  Tom  b  a-cold.'*  .  .  . 
Some  do  no«hlm  but  ring  •ooss  fMhionod  out  of  tbilr 
own*  bminaa:  aooie  will  danca ;  otb«n  will  doo  nothtns 
bat  dtbar  laush  or  woope  j  otiMn  art  doss«d  .  .  •  mm 
■prlng  but  a  imaU  eotnpaoy  ia  a  bouM  .  .  .  will  eonipd 
the  aenrants  tiirouch  nare  to  give  them  wlaat  thojr  <!»• 
maiML— Decker,  Btlbman  of  LamAom, 

Bed'ouins  \Bedl ,v3inz'\ ,  nomadic  tribes 
of  Arabia.  In  common  parlance,  "the 
homeless  street  poor."  Thus  gutter- 
children  are  called  "  Bedouins.** 

Bed'reddin'  Has'son  of  Baso'ra, 
son  of  Nour'eddin'  Ali  grand  vizier  of 
Basora,  and  nephew  to  Schems'eddin' 
Mohammed  vizier  of  Egypt.  His  beauty 
was  transcendent  and  his  talents  of  the 
first  order.  When  20  years  old  his 
father  died,  and  the  sultim,  angry  with 
him  for  keeping  from  court,  confiscated 
all  his  ^oods,  and  would  have  seized 
Bedreddm  if  he  had  not  made  his  esca]^ 
Dnrin^  sleep  he  was  conveyed  by  fairies 
to  Cairo,  and  substituted  for  an  u^ly 
^oom  (Hunchback)  to  whom  his  cousin, 
we  QiMen  of  Beauty,  was  to  have  been  mar- 
ried. Next  day  he  was  carried  off  by  the 
same  means  to  Damascus,  where  he  lived 
for  ten  vears  as  a  pastrv-cook.  Search 
was  made  for  him,  and  the  search  party, 
halting  outside  the  city  of  Damascus, 
sent  for  some  cheese-cakes.  When  the 
cheese-cakes  arrived,  the  widow  of  Nour- 
eddin  declared  that  they  must  have  been 
made  by  her  son,  for  no  one  else  knew 
the  secret  of  making  them,  and  that  she 
herself  had  taught  it  him.  On  hearing 
this,  the  vizier  ordered  Bedreddin  to  be 
seized,  "for  making  cheese-cakes  with- 
out pepper,"  and  the  joke  was  carried  on 
till  the  party  arrived  at  CairOj  when  the 
pastry-cook  prince  was  re-united  to  his 
wife,  the  Queen  of  Beauty. — Ardimn 
NighU  ("  Noureddin  Ali,"  etc.). 

Bedwin  (Mr8,),  hoosekeeper  to  Mr. 
Brownlow.  A  kind,  motherly  soul,  who 
loves  Oliver  Twist  most  deariy.  —  C. 
Dickens,  Oliver  Turiit  (1887). 

Bee.  The  ancient  Kg3rptians  svm- 
bolized  their  kings  under  this  emblem. 
The  honey  indicate  the  reward  they  gave 
to  the  meritorious,  and  the  sting  the 
punishment  they  awarded  to  the  un- 
worthy. 

A>  the  ^BptiMM  and  bgr  bees 
To  CBpvm  their  andent  Ptolemies. 

&  Butler.  Mmd4brm$,  WL  % 

*^*  In  the  empire  of  France  the  royal 
mantle  and  standard  were  thickly  sown 
wi^  golden  bees  instead  of  **  Louis 
flowers.**    In  the  tomb  of  Chil'deiic  mors 


BEE. 


90  BEGGAB  OF  BETHNAL  GREEN. 


than  800  golden  bees  weie  discoyered  in 
1658.  Hence  the  emblem  of  the  French 
empire. 

Bee^  an  American  word  recently  intro- 
duced to  Bignify  a  competitive  examina- 
tion :  thoB — 

A  'Spelling  Bee  is  a  company  met  to- 
gether to  compete  with  each  other  in 
spelling. 

A  Jnisking  Bee  is  a  company  assembled 
together  to  compete  with  each  other  in 
stripping  the  hosks  from  the  ears  of 
maize. 

A  JfusiocU  Bee  is  a  company  assembled 
together  to  compete  with  each  other  in 
singing  or  playing  music  **at  sight," 
etc.,  etc* 

Bee-line,  the  straightest  or  shortest 
distance  between  two  points.  This  is  an 
American  expression,  equivalent  to  "As 
the  crow  flies  ;"  but  crows  do  not  always 
fly  in  a  direct  line,  as  bees  do  when  they 
seek  their  home. 

Siiinen.  70a  are  nuking  «  be«-Ilne  from  time  to  ttcrnltj, 
and  what  you  hare  once  paaed  ovmr  jou  vUl  neter  pMi 
over  again.— Dow.  lay  iSerMMU. 

Bee  of  Attica^  Soph'odgs  the  dra- 
matist (B.C.  49&-405).  The  "Athenian 
Bee"  was  Plato  the  philosopher  (b.o. 
428-847). 

The  Bee  of  Attica  ThraHed  MtdMoM  when  in  the  powaa 
rioo  <rf  the  atafe.— Sir  W  Soott.  Th*  Dmma. 

Bee  Fainted  (A)  by  Quintin  Matsys 
on  the  outstretched  leg  of  a  fallen  an^el 

ginted  by  Mandyn.  It  was  so  life-hke 
at  when  the  old  artist  returned  to  the 
studio  he  tried  to  frighten  it  away  with 
his  pocket-handkerchief. 

Beerington  (ifi/or),  introduced  in 
The  Hovers,  Casimir  is  a  Polish  emi- 
grant, and  Boefington  an  English  noble- 
man exiled  by  the  tyranny  of  king  John. 
— Anti-Jacobin, 


**  Wm  wltbout  powOT."  aald  the  ■cadooi  CMhnlr  to 
Mllnf  nwiflniton.  "Ii  llliaehlIdnnplBj1ngataoliya(&"— 


Be'elsiebub  (4  tyl,)^  called  "  prince 
of  the  devils"  {Matt.  xii.  24),  worshipped 
at  Ekron,  a  city  of  the  Fliilistines  (2 
Kings  i.  2),  and  made  by  Milton  second 
to  Satan. 

One  next  hlmadf  In  power  and  ncxl  In  crlm^- 
Befiaebabi. 

Parmdif  Lott.  L  80  (160). 


t'nie  (2  sy/.),  chambermaid  at  Old 
St.  Konan's  inn,  held  by  Meg  Dods. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  St,  Bonan'8  Well  (time, 
George  III.). 

Befii'na.  the  good  fairy  of  Italian 
children*     She  is  supposed  to  fill  their 


shoes  and  socks  with  toys  when  they  go 
to  bed  on  Twelfth  Night.  Some  one 
enters  the  bedroom  for  the  purpose,  and 
the  wakeful  voungsters  cry  out,  *'  Eccu  la 
Befanal"  Accordiug  to  legend,  Befana 
was  too  busy  with  house  anairs  to  take 
heed  of  the  Magi  when  they  went  to  offer 
their  gifts,  and  said  she  would  stop  for 
their  return;  but  they  returned  bv 
another  way,  and  Befana  every  Twelfth 
Night  watches  to  see  them.  The  name  is 
a  corruption  of  Epiphania. 

Beg  ("^orcf"),  a  title  generally  given  to 
lieutenants  of  provinces  under  the  ^rand 
signior,  but  rarely  to  supreme  prmces. 
Occasionally,  however,  the  Persian  em- 
perors have  added  the  title  to  their  names, 
as  Hagniet  beg,  Alman  beg^  Morad  be^^ 
ttc.— &lden,  titles  of  JUonomr,  vi.  TV 
(1672). 

Beg  (Callttm),  page  to  Fer^  M'lvor, 
in  Waverleyj  a  novel  by  sir  W.  Scott 
(time,  George  II.). 

Beg  (Toshach),  MacGillie  ChatUnach*8 
second  at  the  combat. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Fair  Maid  of  PeHh  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

Beggars  (King  of  the),  Bttnpfylde 
Moore  Carew.  He  succeeded  JUlause 
Patch  (1693,  1780-1770). 

Beggar's  Daughter  (?%<;).  "Bessee 
the  b^gar's  daughter  of  Bethnal  Green,** 
was  very  beantinil,  and  was  courted  by 
four  suitors  at  once — a  knight,  a  country 
squire,  a  rich  merchant,  and  the  son  of 
an  iniLkeeper  at  Romford.  She  told  them 
all  they  must  first  obtain  the  consent  of 
her  poor  blind  Either,  the  b^gar  of 
Bethnal  Green,  and  all  slunk  offexcept 
the  knight,  who  went  and  asked  leave  to 
marry  '*  the  pretty  Bessee.*'  The  beggar 
eave  her  for  a  **  dot,"  £3000,  and  £100 
For  her  tronsseati,  and  Informed  the 
knight  that  he  (the  beggar)  was  Henry, 
son  and  heir  of  sir  Simon  de  Montfort, 
and  that  he  had  disguised  himself  as  « 
beggar  to  escape  the  vigilance  of  spies, 
who  were  in  quest  of  all  those  engaged 
on  the  baron  s  side  in  the  batUe  of 
Evesham. — Percy's  Beliqws,  II.  ii.  10. 
^  The  value  of  money  was  about  twelve 
times  more  than  its  present  purchase 
value,  so  that  the  **  dot  given  was  equal 
to  £86,000. 

Beggar  of  Bethnal  Green  (The), 
a  drama  by  S.  Knowles  (recast  and  pro* 
duced,  1834).  Bess,  dai^ter  of  Albert, 
"the  blind  beggar  of  Bethnal  Green,'* 
was  intensely  loved  by  Wilf ord,  who  drsi 


BEGGAR'S  OPERA. 


91 


BELEUMA. 


lav  her  in  the  stoeets  of  London,  and 
lobicqisenUyj  after  diligent  search,  dis- 
eovered  her  m  the  Queen's  AmM  inn  at 
Romford.  It  turned  out  that  her  father 
Albeit  was  brother  to  lord  Woodville, 
and  Wilford  waa  his  troant  son,  so  that 
Beat  was  his  coosin.  Queen  Elizabeth 
aanctiooed  thar  nuptials,  and  took  them 
ander  ber  own  conduct.    (See  Blimd.) 

Beggar's  Opera  (The),  by  Gay 
(1737^  The  bemr  is  captain  Macheath. 
(For  plot,  see  Macurath.) 

Beggar's  Petition  (The),  a  poem 
by  taeRer.  Thomas  Moss,  minister  of 
Bfficriy  Hill  and  Trentham,  in  Stofford- 
shiie.  It  was  given  to  Mr.  Smart,  the 
Muter,  of  Wolverhampton. — OetUleman't 
Magazme,  buc.  41. 

Boguines  [.00^-wms],  the  eariicst  of 
aU  lay  sodedes  of  women  united  for 
idipoos  purposes.  Brabant  says  the 
Older  received  its  name  from  St.  Begga, 
dui^t^  of  Pepin,  who  founded  it  at 
Namnr,  in  696 ;  but  it  is  more  likely  to 
be  derived  from  U  B^ue  (*'the  Stam- 
naer*^  ;  and  if  so,  it  was  founded  at 
hStgt,  m  1180. 

Beh'ram,  captain  of  the  ship  which 
VBS  to  convey  prince  Assad  to  the 
^  mountain  of  fire,^  where  he  was  to  be 
offered  op  in  sacrifice.  The  ship  being 
driven  on  the  shores  of  queen  Margia'na's 
kingdom,  Assad  became  her  slave,  bat 
was  reeaptoied  by  Behnun*s  crew,  and 
carried  back  to  ttie  ship.  The  queen 
next  day  gave  the  ship  chase.  Assad 
wss  thrown  overboard,  and  swam  to  the 
dty  irtMSDce  he  started.  Behram  also 
was  drifted  to  the  same  place.  Here  the 
captain  fell  in  with  the  prince,  and  re- 
eoodoeted  him  to  the  original  dungeon. 
Bosta'na,  a  daughter  of  the  old  fire- 
wnohipper,  taking  pity  on  the  prince, 
released  him ;  and^  at  the  end,  Assad 
Bsrried  queen  Marguuia,  Bostana  married 
prince  Amgud  (half-brother  of  Assad), 
sad  Behram,  renouncing  his  religion, 
became  a  mussulman,  and  entered  the 
service  of  Amgiad,  who  became  king  of 
the  city. — Arabiom  Nights  (*'  Amgiad  and 
sd^. 


Bela'riilS.  a  nobleman  and  soldier  in 
Ae  army  <rfCym1ieline  (3  syl.)  king  of 
Btitata.  Two  villains  having  sworn  to 
iht  king  that  he  was  "  confederate  with 
fte  Romans,**  he  was  banished,  and  for 
twenty  years  lived  in  a  cave;  but  he 
stole  away  the  two  infant  sons  of  the 
ioDg  out  of  revenge.    Their  names  were 


Gnide'rius  and  Arvir'agus.  When  these 
two  princes  were  grown  to  manhood,  a 
battle  was  fought  between  the  Romans 
and  Britons,  in  which  C^mbeline  was 
made  prisoner;  but  Belanns  coming  to 
the  rescue,  the  king  was  liberated  and 
the  Roman  general  in  turn  was  made 
captive.  Belarius  was  now  reconciled  to 
G>'mbeUne,  and  presenting  to  him  the 
two  young  men,  told  their  story  ;  where- 
upon they  were  publicly  acknowledged 
to  be  the  sons  of  Cymbeline  and  princes 
of  the  realm. — Shakespeare,  Cymbeline 
(1606). 

Belch  (Sar  Tdby),  uncle  of  Olivia 
the  rich  countess  of  Illyria.  He  is  a 
reckless  roisterer  of  the  old  school,  and 
a  friend  of  sir  Andrew  Ague-cheek. — 
Shakespeare,  Ttodfth  Night  (1614). 

Belcour,  a  foundling  adopted  by  Mr. 
Belcour,  a  rich  Jamaica  merchant,  who 
at  death  left  him  all  his  property.  He 
was  in  truth  the  son  of  Mr.  Stockwell, 
the  clerk  of  Belcour,  senior,  who  clan- 
destinely married  his  master  s  daughter, 
and  afterwards  became  a 'Wealthy  mer- 
chant. On  the  death  of  old  Belconr,  the 
young  man  came  to  England  as  the  guest 
of  his  unknown  father,  fell  in  love  with 
Miss  Dudley,  and  married  her.  He  was 
hot-blooded,  impulsive,  high-spirited,  and 
generous,  his  very  foults  serving  as  a 
foil  to  his  noble  (qualities ;  ever  emng  and 
repenting,  offending  and  atoning  for  his 
offences.— Cumberland,  The  West  Indian 
(1771). 

Beled»  one  of  the  six  Wise  Men  of 
the  East,  lead  by  the  guiding  star  to 
Jesus.  He  was  a  king,  who  ^ve  to  his 
enemy  who  sought  to  dethrone  him  half 
of  his  kingdom,  and  thus  turned  a  foe 
into  a  fast  friend.— Klopstock,  The  Mes- 
siah, V.  (1747). 

Belen,  the  mont  St.  Michael,  in 
Normandy.  Here  nine  dnridesses  used 
to  sell  arrows  to  sailors  **  to  charm  away 
storms.**  These  arrows  had  to  be  dis- 
charged by  a  young  man  25  years  old. 

Belerma,  the  lady  whom  DurandartS 
served  for  seven  years  as  a  knight-errant 
and  peer  of  France.  When,  at  length, 
he  died  at  Roncesvalles,  he  prayed  his 
cousin  Montesi'nos  to  carry  his  heart  to 
Belerma. 


I  mwA 

wHh  wMtA 


of  be— Uftil  dsniMb  In  nooniliis, 
oa  UMir  iMadt.     la  the  rear  ematt  m 


hMly  vUb  a  foil  ■>  lone  that  It  naebcd  ttio  grouad : 
turban  was  twice  m  krye  m  the  larKeat  oC  the  oUten ; 
bar  ejwbrows  wen  Jotoed,  Imt  aon  war  ratJier  Sal, 
lMrmoaUiwid«.tatkwl|pioramiBilioaoolows.    He* 


BELESES. 


92 


BELINDA. 


bett  mn  tfalii<Mt  ukI  hregnlu-.  fhooih  rtty  white; 
tad  die  outM  Id  Imt  hand  •  fin*  liiMn  doth,  containing 
•  heart.  Montednot  informed  me  that  this  ladjr  waa 
BelemuL— Oenrantai,  Don  QaOxeCe,  II.  IL  8  (18U). 

Bele'ses  (8  syL)t  a  Chaldiean  sooth- 
sayer and  Assyrian  satrap,  who  told 
Arba'ces  (3  syl,)  governor  of  Me'dia,  that 
he  would  one  day  sit  on  the  throne  of 
Nineveh  and  Assyria.  His  prophecy 
came  true,  and  Belesis  was  reward^ 
with  the  government  of  Babylon. — ^Byron, 
Sardanapatus  (1819). 

BelfSEkb  orao,  the  palace  of  the  em- 
peror of  Lillipnt,  in  the  middle  of 
Mildendo,  the  metropolis  of  the  empire. — 
Swift,  Qidlwer't  Travels  (•'Voyage  to 
Lilliput,"  1726). 

Bel'field  {Brothers),  The  elder 
brother  is  a  sauire  in  Cornwall,  betrothed 
to  Sophia  (daughter  of  sir  Benjamin 
Dove),  who  loves  his  younger  brother 
Bob.  The  younger  brother  is  driven 
to  sea  by  the  cmeTtv  of  the  8()uire,  but  on 
his  return  renews  his  acquaintance  with 
Sophia.  He  is  informed  of  her  unwilling 
betrothal  to  the  elder  brother,  who  is 
alrcadv  married  to  Yioletta,  but  parted 
from  her.  Yioletta  returns  home  in  the 
same  ship  as  Bob  Belfield,  becomes 
reconciled  to  her  husband,  and  the 
vounger  brother  marries  Sophia. — Rich. 
Cumberiand,  Tluf  Brothers  (1769), 

Bel'ford,  a  friend  of  Lovelace  (2  syL), 
They  made  a  covenant  to  pardon  every 
sort  of  liberty  which  they  took  with  each 
other. — Richardson,  Ciarisaa  Barhwe 
(1749). 

Belford  (Major),  the  friend  of  colonel 
Tamper,  and  the  plighted  husband  of 
Mdlle.  Florival. — G.  Colman,  sen.,  27m 
Deuoe  is  in  Him  (1762). 

Beige  (2  syL)y  the  mother  of  seventeen 
sons.  She  applied  to  queen  Me«^illa  for 
aid  against  Geryon'ec,  who  had  deprived 
hex  of  all  her  offspring  except  five.— 
Spenser,  Faery  Queeii,  v.  10  (1596). 

♦^*  **  Beige  "  is  Holland ;  the  **  seven- 
teen sons"  are  the  seventeen  provinces 
which  once  belonged  to  her ;  "  Geryoneo  " 
b  Philip  II.  of  Spain ;  and  ''Mendlla**  is 
queen  Elizabeth. 

Belgrade'  (2  sylX  the  camp-suttler ; 
so  caUed  because  she  commenced  her 
career  at  Uie  siege  of  Belgrade.  Her 
dog's  name  was  Clumsey. 

BeliaL  last  or  lowest  in  the  hierarchy 
of  hell.  (See  Rimmon.)  ^  Moloch  was  the 
fiercest  of  the  infernal  spirits,  and  Belial 
the  most  timorous   and   slothful.    The 


lewd  and  profligate,  disobedient  and 
rebellions,  are  called  in  Scripture  "  soni  of 
BeUal." 

Belial  came  laii,  than  whom  a  spirit  taore  lewd 
FeO  not  from  heaven,  or  matt  grow  to  love 
Vin  for  ItMir  (L  ^100.  etc)  .  .  .  thuuith  Ma  t«ilgn» 
Dropt  manna,  and  oould  make  the  worse  appewr 
The  better  reaaon  .  .  .  but  to  nobler  deeds 
TIaaoroni  and  doCbfbL 

Milton.  PmnMm  Lm,  IL  Ut  {\9faB^ 

*«*  Belial  means  "the  lawless  one,*' 
that  is,  one  who  puts  no  restraint  on  his 
evil  propensities. 

Belia'ms  of  Greece  (Dm),  the 
hero  of  an  old  romance  of  chivalry  <m  the 
model  of  Am'adis  de  Oaul,  It  was  one  of 
the  books  in  don  Quixote's  library,  but 
was  not  one  of  those  burnt  by  the  cur^  as 
pernicious  and  worthless. 

"Don  BelianiB.-nid  tbeeaf«.  "with  Us  two.  three,  and 
^m  vutM,  hath  need  of  a  dose  of  rtiubiirb  to  purse  off 
that  ma«  or  faUe  with  which  he  b  taflamed.  lUrCMUa 
of  Fame  and  other  hnpertlnenosi  riiould  be  toCallf 
obUteiated.  Ibis  done,  we  would  show  hUn  lenlto  la 
proportion  as  we  found  him  capable  of  refonn.  1Ui« 
doo  Bettanis  home  with  jrou.  and  keep  him  in  dosa 
oooflnemenf-^Jervantes,  Am  QmbM*,  Lit  (ISOB). 

(An  English  abridj^mt  of  this  ro- 
mance was  published  in  1678.) 

Belinda,  niece  and  companion  of 
lady  John  Brute.  Toung,  pretty,  full  of 
fun,  and  possessed  of  £10,000.  Heart- 
free  mames  her. — ^Vanbrugh,  The  Pro- 
voked Wife  (1697). 

Belin'da,  the  heroine  of  Pope's  Hope  of 
the  Lock,  This  mock  heroic  is  founded 
on  the  following  incident : — Lord  Petre 
cut  a  lock  of  hair  from  the  head  of  Hiss 
Arabella  Fermor,  and  the  young  lady 
resented  the  liberty  as  an  unpar£>nabfo 
afPront.  The  poet  says  Belinda  wore  on 
her  neck  two  curls,  one  of  which  the 
baron  cut  off  with  a  pair  oi  scissors 
borrowed  of  Clarissa,  and  when  Belinda 
angrily  demanded  that  it  should  be 
delivered  up,  it  had  flown  to  the  skies  and 
become  a  meteor  there.    (See  Bxrbxicb.) 

Belinda^  daughter  of  Mr.  Blandford, 
in  love  with  Beverley  the  brother  of 
Clarissa.  Her  father  promised  sir 
William  Bellmont  that  she  should  marry 
his  son  George,  but  George  was  already 
engaged  to  Claiissa.  Belinda  was  very 
handsome,  very  independent,  most  irre- 

Eroachable,  and  devotedly  attached  to 
ieverley.  V«lien  he  hinted  suspicions  of 
infidelityj  she  was  too  proud  to  denj' 
their  truth,  but  her  pure  and  ardent  love 
instantly  rebuked  her  for  giving  her  lover 
causeless  pain. — ^A.  Murphy,  AU  m  tha 
Wrong  (1761). 


BSLIKDA. 


W 


BELL-THE-GAT. 


Bdm'da,  the  heroine  of  Miss  Edgfr- 
vorth*fl  norel  of  the  seme  name.  The 
object  of  the  tale  is  to  make  the  reader 
f«d  what  is  good,  and  pursae  it  (1803). 

Betm'dOf  a  lodging-house  serrant-giri, 
Terj  poor,  rtrj  dutyj  rery  kind-hearted, 
and  snrevd  in  oboervation.  She  married, 
sad  Mr.  Middlewick  the  batter-man  set 
her  husband  np  in  business  in  the  butter 
line.~IL  J.  Byroo,  Our  Boys  (1875). 

Beli2i0  (2  sy/.),  second  wife  of  Argan 
file  wuiade  imagmaarey  and  step-mo&tf 
of  Angeliqiie,  whom  she  hates.  Beline 
pr^ands  to  love  Argan  derotedly, 
liamovn  him  in  all  his  whims,  calls  him 
**  moa  fila,**  and  makes  him  believe  that 
if  he  weic  to  die  it  would  be  the  death  of 
her.  Toiaette  indnces  Aigan  to  put  these 
speooQs  protestations  to  Uie  test  by  pre- 
to  be  dead.  He  does  so,  and 
enters  the  room,  instead  of 
deploring  her  loes,  she  cries  in  ecstasy : 

**UcW  aaaoH  lao«l    M*  voOi  dOlTrte  ran  gnnd* 

i!  .  .  .  4* Mil aarah-n Mr  latamr  UntionuM 

tlm  ■iPB<ii,  — Ipfinpni,  ikgp^Umt  .  .  . 


clvmlat»"(IU.m 

&e  tiien  proceeds  to  ransack  the  room 
for  bonds,  leases,  and  money ;  but  Argan 
•tarts  op  and  tells  her  she  has  tai^;ht  him 
one  asend  lesson  for  life  at  any  rate. — 
Mflli^  La  Maiade  Imagmaire  (1673). 

Beliaa'riiis,  tiie  greatest  of  Jnsti- 
■iaD'sgeoeimla.  Being  accused  of  treason, 
he  was  deprived  of  siu  his  proj>erty,  and 
ki*  eyes  were  put  out.  In  this  state  he 
retired  to  Constantinople,  where  he  lived 
by  h*ffg««g,  The  story  sajrs  he  fastened 
a  iabefto  nia  hat,  containing  these  words, 
"  (Tne  on  ohdtnt  to  foor  oui  Beliaarius,*^ 
Msnaootel  has  written  a  tale  called 
wUch  has  helped  to  perpetuate 
&ble8,  originally  invented  by 
Tzetz^  or  Ciesioe,  a  Greek  poet,  bom  at 
Coostutinople  in  1120. 

BaKiae  (2  ^'.)i  nst«r  of  Philaminte 
^.),  and,  like  her,  a  femme  savanU. 


&' 


_  that  every  one  is  in  love 
with  her. — ^M<difeie,  X«t  Fnmnes  ScmanU$ 
(1«72). 

Bell  {AdamV  a  wild,  north-conntf^ 
oaUaw,  noted,  uke  Robin  Hood,  for  his 
•lull  ia  ardicry.  His  place  of  residence 
vas  En^cwood  Forest,  near  Carlisle ;  and 
his  two  comrades  were  Ch*m  of  the 
Oa^^'lOemmU  of  the  Gin  and  WU- 
fim  of  Ooadeslv  (3  sy/T).  William 
VIS  ■aniid,  but  tne  other  two  were  not. 
Vha  WiOiaB  was  captured  at  Carlisle 


and  was  led  to  execution,  Adam  and 
Cljrm  rescued  him,  and  all  three  went  to 
London  to  crave  pardon  of  the  king, 
which,  at  the  queen's  intercession,  was 
granted  them.  They  then  showed  the 
king  specimens  of  their  skill  in  archerv, 
and  the  king  was  so  well  pleased  that  ne 
made  William  a  "  gentleman  of  fe,"  and 
the  two  others  veomen  of  the  bed-cham- 
ber.—Percy,  Aeliques  ("Adam  BeU," 
etc.),  I.  ii.  1. 

Bett  (Bessy).  Bessy  Bell  and  Mary 
Gmy  were  the  daughters  of  two  conntiy 
gentlemen  near  Perth.  When  the  plague 
broke  out  in  1666  they  built  for  them- 
selves a  bower  in  a  verjr  romantic  spot 
called  Bum  Braes,  to  which  they  retiied, 
and  were  supplied  with  food,  etc.,  by  a 
young  man  who  was  in  love  with  both  of 
them.  The  young  man  caught  the  plague, 
communicated  it  to  the  two  young  ladies, 
and  all  three  died. — ^Allan  kamsay,  Bessy 
BeU  and  Mary  Gray  (a  baUad). 

Bell,  Anne,  Charlotte,  and  Emily 
Bronte  assumed  the  noms  de  plume  at 
Acton,  Currer,  and  Ellis  Bell  (arst  half 
of  the  nineteenth  centurv).  Currer  Bell 
or  Bronte  married  the  Rev.  Arthur  Bell 
Nicholls.     She  was  the  author  of  Jane 

It  will  be  observed  that  the  initial 
letter  of  both  names  is  in  every  case  pre- 
served throughout — Acton  (.^ine),  Cwrrer 
(Charlotte),  Ellis  (Emily),  and  Bell 
(Bront^. 

BeU  (Peter),  the  subject  of  a  '<tale  in 
verse  "  by  Wordsworth.  Shelley  wrote  a 
burlesque  upon  it,  entitled  Feter  Bell  the 
Third. 

Bell  Battle  (The).  The  casus  belli 
was  this*  Have  the  local  magistrates 
power  to  nXlow  parish  bells  to  be  rang  at 
their  discretion,  or  is  the  right  vested  in 
the  parish  clergyman?  This  squabble 
was  carried  on  with  great  animosity  in 
the  parish  of  Paisley  in  1882.  The 
clergjrman,  John  Macnaughton,  brought 
the  question  before  the  local  council, 
which  gave  it  in  favour  of  the  magis- 
trates ;  but  the  court  of  sessions  gave  it 
the  other  way,  and  when  the  magistrates 
granted  a  permit  for  the  bells  to  be  rang, 
the  court  issued  an  interdict  against  them. 

For  amiir  two  ymn  the  Pakl«]r  bell  tMtUe  «u  fousht 
wlthtlMfleroMtMal.  It  wm  Uie  nibject  of  erotr  polltfr«l 
■MMinc  tb*  tiMiiM  or  mntr  bowd.  tta«  ooaip  at  Vm- 
taUw  and  diniMr  nwtiai,  and  chlldreii  ddight«l  In 
clMlkii«onUMiral6"PlMM  torlnstlM  bell'Tll«yl4 
183S,  to  fkvi>  IC,  18M).~ir«  -  ^ 


Bell-the-Cat»  sobriquet  of  Archibald 


BELLS. 


94 


BELLE'S  STRATAGEM. 


Douglas,  great-earl  of  Angus,  who  died 
in  1614. 

Th«  inkw.  being  moeh  annoyed  bjr  the  perMcotion*  of  a 
CM,  nsolTed  that «  boll  sboaU  be  bong  (ibaui  her  nedt  to 

Sve  nolJce  of  her  ApproMfa.  The  mewuie  vm  ure^  to 
fun  council,  hot  one  of  the  afer  mice  Inquired  Who 
woold  andertake  to  beO  the  cmtl"  When  lander  toM 
thia  MAb  to  •  coandl  of  Scotdi  nobles,  met  to  decuum 
■oinst  one  Oorhmn.  Archlbidd  DoutfM  Marted  np.  and 
excblmcd  In  thunder  "I  will;"  and  benoe  the  Mbrlquet 
KTecred  to.— Sir  W.  Scott,  TatM  tf  m  eram^mtMtr, 
xxIL 

Bells  (Those  Evenintj),  a  poem  bv  T. 
Moore,  set  to  music,  refer  to  the  bells  of 
Ashbourne  parish  church,  Derbyshire. — 
Natumai  Airs,  1. 

Bells  (To  shake  one's),  to  defy,  to  re- 
sist, to  set  up  one's  back.  The  allusion  is 
to  the  little  bells  tied  to  the  feet  of  hawks. 
Immediately  the  hawks  were  tossed,  they 
were  alarmed  at  the  sound  of  the  bells, 
and  took  to  fli^t. 

Neither  the  king,  nor  he  tiiat  lovei  bhn  bei*  .  .  . 
Due  itfa'  a  wing  If  Warwick  ahake  hi*  bells. 

Shakeqieare.  3  B0tirp  F/.  act  1.  sc.1  (UNI). 

Bells.  Seven  bells  (t.e.  half-past  7), 
breiUEfast-time ;  eight  bells  (Le.  noon), 
dinner-time ;  three  bells  (ue,  half -past  6), 
supper-tinfe. 

Eight  bells  (the  highest  number)  are 
rung  at  noon  and  every  fourth  hour 
afterwards.  Thus  they  are  sounded  at 
12,  4.  and  8  o'clock.  For  all  other  parts 
of  tne  day  an  Even  number  of  oells 
announce  the  hottrSj  and  an  Odd  number 
the  half-howrs.  Thus  121  is  1  bell,  1 
o'clock  is  2  bells,  IJ  is  8  beUs,  2  o'clock 
is  4  bells,  2J  is  6  bells,  3  o'clock  is  6 
bells,  3J  is  7  bells.  Again,  4i  is  1  bell, 
6  o'clock  is  2  bells,  5i  is  3  bells,  6  o'clock 
is  4  bells,  6^  is  6  bells,  7  o'clock  is  6 
belU,  7^  is  7  bells.  Again,  8i  is  1  bell, 
9  o'clock  is  2  bells,  9^  is  3  bells,  10  o'clock 
is  4  bells,  lOJ  is  5  beUs,  11  o'clock  is  6 
belh^  11 J  is  7  bells.  Or,  1  bell  sounds  at 
12i,  4J,  8i;  2  bells  sound  at  1,  6,  9 ; 
8  beUs  sound  at  IJ,  6J,  H  ;  4  bells  sound 
at  2,  6,  10 ;  6  bells  sound  at  2J,  6|,  10 J  ; 
6  bells  sound  at  3,  7,  11 ;  7  beUs  sound 
at  8|,  7i  Hi ;  8  bells  sound  at  4,  8,  12 
o'clock. 

Bells  tolled  Backwaxds.  This 
was  the  tocsin  of  the  French,  first  used 
as  an  alarm  of  fire,  and  subsequently  for 
any  uprising  of  the  people.  In  the  reign 
of  Charles  IX.  it  was  the  signal  given  by 
the  court  for  the  Bartholomew  slaughter. 
In  the  French  Revolution  it  was  the  call 
to  the  people  for  some  united  attack 
against  the  royalists. 

Old  French,  toquer,  "to  strike,"  seing 
or  ting,  "  a  church  bell," 


Bella  Wilfer,  a  lovely,  wilful,  lively, 
spoilt  darling,  who  loved  every  one,  and 
whom  every  one  loved.  She  married 
John  Rokesmith  (i,e.  John  Harmon). — C. 
Dickens,  Ow  Mutual  Friend  (1864). 

Bellamy,  a  steady  young  man,  look- 
ing out  for  a  wife  "capable  of  friendship, 
love,  and  tenderness,  with  good  sense 
enough  to  be  easy,  and  good  nature 
enough  to  like  him."  He  found  his  beau- 
ideal  in  Jadntha,  who  had  besides  a 
fortune  of  £30,000.— Dr.  Hoadly,  The 
Suspicious  Husband  (1761). 

Bella'iio,  the  assumed  name  of 
Euphrasia,  when  she  put  on  boy's  ap- 
parel Uiat  she  might  enter  the  service  of 
prince  Philaster,  whom  she  greatly  loved. 
— Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  Philaster  or 
Love  Lies  a-bleeding  (1622). 

Bellaston  (Lady),  a  profligate,  from 
whom  Tom  Jones  accepts  support.  Her 
conduct  and  conversation  may  be  con- 
sidered a  fair  photograph  of  the  "  beau- 
ties" of  Uie  court  of  Louis  XV, — Fielding, 
History  of  Tom  Jones,  a  Foundling  (1760). 

The  diaraetar  of  Jones,  otherwiie  a  model  of  generodty, 
openness,  and  manljr  spirit,  mingled  with  thooghtJess  dis- 
aipaUon.  Is  onnecessarajr  degraded  bjr  the  nature  of  his 
Intereourse  with  fa^jr  BeOastoo.  —  JEncye.  Ante  Ait. 
•■  Fielding." 

Belle  Cordiere  (La),  Louise  Labc, 
who  married  Enuemond  Perrin,  a  wealthy 
rope-maker  (1526-1566). 

Belle  Corisande  (La),  Diane  com- 
tesse  de  Gniche  et  de  Grammont  (1554> 
1620). 

Belle  Prance  {La),  a  pet  way  of 
alluding  to  France,  similikr  to  our  Merry 
EngloM, 

Belle  the  Giant.  It  is  said  that 
the  giant  Belle  mounted  on  his  sorrel 
horse  at  a  place  since  called  moimt 
Sorrel.  He  leaped  one  mile,  and  the  spot 
on  which  he  lighted  was  called  Wanlip 
(one-leap) ;  thence  he  leaped  a  second 
mile,  but  in  so  doing  "  burst  all "  his 
girths,  whence  the  sp^  was  called  Burst- 
all  ;  in  the  third  leap  he  was  killed,  and 
the  spot  received  the  name  of  Belle- 
grave. 

Belle's  Stratagem  (The),  The 
"belle"  \»  Letitia  Hardy,  and  hw 
stratagem  was  for  the  sake  of  winning 
the  love  of  Doricourt,  to  whom  ^e  had 
been  betrothed.  The  very  fact  of  being 
betrothed  to  Letitia  sets  Doricourt  againrt 
(  her,  so  she  goes  unknown  to  him  to  « 
masquerade,  where  Doricourt  falls  in  k>T« 


BELLEFONTAINE. 


BKLLICENT. 


with  "  tbe  besntifol  strangcT."  In  order 
to  eonnunnuite  the  marriage  of  his 
daoghter,  Mr.  Hardy  pretends  to  be  "sick 
■Bto  death,**  and  beseeches  Doricourt  to 
wed  Letitaa  before  he  dies.  Letitia 
■Mcts  her  betrothed  in  her  masquerade 
dress,  and  onboonded  was  the  joy  of  the 
foong  man  to  find  thai  "the  beautifid 
danger**  is  the  lady  to  whom  he  has 
been  betn^hed.— Mrs.  Cowley,  The  Bellas 
Sraiagem(l79Q), 

Bellefontaine  (BeHadicf)^  the  wealthy 
Ivmer  of  Grand  Pr^  [N<ma  Scotia]  and 
litherof  Evangeline.  When  the  inhabit- 
ntt  of  his  Tillage  were  driven  into  exile, 
Benedict  died  of  a  broken  heart  as  he 
Vis  aboot  to  embark,  and  was  buried 
OB  the  sea-shore. — Longfellow,  Evangeline 
(18«). 

B^lenden  {Lady  Marqaret),  an  old 
Tory  laify,  mistress  of  the  Tower  of  Til- 
iietodlem. 

(M  majcr  Mile$  Bellenden,  brother  of 
Isdr  Mare;aret. 

Jwtn  EditA  Bettenden,  granddaughter 
fi  lady  Margaret,  betroUied  to  lord 
Ereodale,  of  the  king's  army,  but  in  love 
with  Morion  (a  leader  of  Uie  covenanters, 
and  the  hero  of  the  novel).  After  tiie 
death  of  lord  Evendale,  who  is  shot  by 
Balfoor,  Edith  marries  Morton,  and  this 
termmates  the  tale.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Old 
Mortaiity  (time,  Charles  IL). 

Beller'ophoii^  son  of  Glancos.  A 
land  of  Joe^>h,  who  refused  tiie  amorous 
nlidtations  of  Ant&^  wife  of  Proetos  (2 
*Sl.)  king  of  Argos.  Antea  accused  him 
of  attempting  to  dishonour  her,  and 
Pnetos  sent  him  into  Lyda  with  letters 
desiring  his  de^mction.  Accordingly, 
be  was  set  several  enterprises  full  of 
hazard,  whidi,  however,  he  surmounted, 
la  later  life  he  tried  to  mount  up  to 
heaven  on  tiie  winged  horse  P^asus,  but 
fell,  and  wandered  about  the  Alei'an 
piams  till  he  died.— Homer,  Iliad^  vi. 

Asoaee 
M  fa  the  Aleten  Add  .  .  . 

\  Lmt,  Tfl.  17,  •!&  (IM^. 

Letters  ef  Bellerophon,  a  treacherous 
letter,  netending  to  recommend  the 
besrer  bat  in  reality  denouncing  him, 
like  the  letter  sent  by  Proetos  to  the  king 
«f  Lycia,  requesting  him  to  kill  the 
bearer  (BeUero|Aon). 

Pausjl'xias  the  Spartan,  in  histreason- 
tblc  oorrespondcmce  with  Xerxes,  sent 
■ereral  such  letters.  At  last  the  bearer  be- 
imi^t  that  none  of  the  persons  sent  ever 
ntoraed,  and  opening  the  letter  foimd  it 


contained  directions  for  his  own  death. 
It  was  shown  to  the  ephors,  and  Pausanias 
in  alarm  fled  to  a  templ^  where  he  was 
starved  to  death. 

De  Lacy,  being  sent  by  king  John 
against  De  Uourcv,  was  informed  dv  two 
of  the  servMits  that  their  master  always 
laid  aside  his  armour  on  Good  Friday. 
De  Lacy  made  his  attack  on  that  day, 
and  sent  De  Courcy  prisoner  to  London. 
The  two  servants  now  asked  De  I^acy  for 
Mssports  from  Ireland  and  England,  and 
De  La<^  gave  them  Letters  of  Bellerophon^ 
exhorting  "all  to  whom  these  presents 
come  to  spit  on  the  fnces  of  the  De&rers, 
drive  them  forth  as  bounds,  and  use  them 
as  it  behoved  the  betrayers  of  their  masters 
to  be  treated.** — Cameos  of  English  His-' 
tory  ("  Conquest  of  Ireland  "). 

Beller'ophon  (4  syA),  the  English  man- 
of-war  under  the  command  of  captain 
Maitland.  After  the  battle  of  ^\ater- 
loo  Bonaparte  set  out  for  Rocheford,  in- 
tending to  seek  refuse  in  America,  but 
the  Bellerophon  being  in  sight  and  escape 
impossible,  he  made  a  virtue  of  necessity 
by  surrendering  himself,  and  was  forth- 
with conveyed  to  England. 

Belle'rus,  a  Cornish  giant,  whence 
the  Land's  End  is  call^  Belleriunu 
Milton  in  his  Lt/ddas  su^ests  the  pos- 
sibility that  Edward  King,  who  was 
drowned  at  sea,  might  be  sleeping  near 
Bellcrium  or  the  Land's  End,  on  mount 
St.  Michael,  the  spot  where  the  archangel 
appeared,  and  ordered  a  church  to  be 
built  there. 

Oeepct  romi]  br  tb*  fibto  of  BelUnu  oU. 
Where  the  tprmt  vWon  of  ib«  gnarded  nxmnt 
Looks  tomurds  Nanwnoo*  [old  Ckuttlt], 

MUton.  L^etdat,  160.  etc  (1638). 

Belleur',  companion  of  Pinac  and 
Mirabel  ("uie  wild  goose**),  of  stout 
blunt  temper;  in  love  with  Rosalu'ra, 
a  daughter  of  Nantolet. — Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  The  Wild  Goose  Chase  (1652). 

BelHoent,  daughter  of  GorloTs  lord  of 
Tintag'il  and  his  wife  Ygemd  or  Igema. 
As  the  widow  married  Uther  the  pendragon, 
and  was  then  the  mother  of  king  Arthur,  it 
follows  that  Bellicent  was  half-sister  of 
Arthur.  Tennyson  in  Gareth  and  Lynette 
says  that  Bellicent  was  the  wife  of  Lot 
king  of  Orkney,  and  mother  of  Gaw'ain 
and  Mordred,  but  this  is  not  in  accordance 
either  wiUi  the  chronicle  or  the  history,  for 
Geoffrey  in  his  Chronicle  says  that  Lot*s 
wife  wns  Anne,  the  sister  ^not  half- 
sister)  of  Arthur  (viii.  20,  21),  and  sir 


BELLIN. 


96 


BELPHCEBE. 


T    Malory,    in   his  History   of  Prinoe 
Arthur  J  Miys : 

King  Lot  or  Lothaa  and  Ortii«r  wddtd  MargawM ; 
Nentraa,  of  the  land  of  Carlot,  w«dd«l  Elain ;  and  that 
Horpui  le  niy  waa  Urtftur'*]  third  dalcr.— Pt  L  S. SB.  ML 

Belliiu  the  imm,  in  the  beast-epic  of 
lUynard  ike  Fox,  The  word  means 
"gentleness**  (1498). 

Bellingham,  a  man  about  town. — 

D.  Boucicault,  After  Dark, 

I  WM  eagaoad  for  two  ymn  at  8t  imtomfn  Thaatra. 
acting  "Char^  fiarCaos"  aiiArtr  nUHta.  "BaUlogbara** 
a  eoople  of  haadr«d  nighta,  and  had  two  ■pedal  engnca- 
DMnta  far  "  Mercodo"  at  the  lowaoak— WaUar  Laegr. 

Bellisaxity  sister  of  king  Pepin  of 
France,  and  wife  of  Alexander  emperor 
of  Constantinople.  Bein^  accused  of 
infidelity,  the  emi)eror  banished  her,  and 
she  took  refuge  in  a  vast  forest,  where, 
she  became  the  motlier  of  Valentine  and 
Orson. —  Valentine  and  Oraon, 

Bellmont  (Sir  William),  father  of 
George  Bellmont ;  tyrannical,  positive, 
and  headstrong.  He  ima^nes  it  is  the 
duty  of  a  son  to  submit  to  his  father's  will, 
even  in  the  matter  of  matrimonr. 

Oeorge  Bellmont,  son  of  sir  \^illiam,  in 
love  with  Clarissa,  his  friend  Beverley's 
sister ;  but  his  fether  demands  of  him  to 
marry  Belinda  Blandford,  the  troth-plight 
wife  of  Beverley.  Ultimately  all  comes 
right. — A.  Murphy,  AU  m  the  Wrong 
(1761). 

Bello'na'B  Handmaida,  Blood, 
Fire,  and  Famine. 

The  goddeae  of  waire.  ealM  BaOooa,  had  thcaa  thra 
handnaida  erer  attendiiags  on  bar:  BliOOD,  Firb.  and 
Famimi,  which  thre  damoaeU  be  of  that  foire  and 
•trengtb  that  averr  one  of  tbam  alonels  able  and  Buflldent 
to  tonnent  and  aOkta  praod  prime ;  and  they  all  Joyned 
together  are  of  pulawnce  to  datror  the  moat  populous 
oouutrr  and  moat  richett  ragfcm  of  the  world.  —  Ilall, 
ChrmHoU  (U3D). 

Belliun  (Master),  war. 

A  dUfarenoe  [Ul  'twtxt  broiiee  and  Hoodie  warra^ — 
Tet  have  I  ihot  at  Matotar  Bellam's  bulto. 
And  thrown  hb  ball,  although  I  toocht  no  tvtta  [bm^l 
a.  GaMolgue.  Tk€  FnUU$  ^f  Warre,  »4  (died  1577). 

Belmont  (Sir  Robert),  a  prond,  testy, 
mercenary  county  gentleman  ;  friend  of 
his  neighbour  sir  Charles  Ka3rmond. 

Charles  Belmont,  son  of  sir  Robert,  a 
young  rake.  He  rescued  Fidelia,  at  the 
age  of  12,  from  the  hands  of  Villard, 
a  villain  who  wanted  to  abuse  her,  and 
taking  her  to  his  own  home  fell  in  love 
with  her,  and  in  due  time  married  her. 
She  turns  out  to  be  the  daughter  of  sir 
Charles  Raymond. 

Boaetta  Belmont,  daughter  of  sir 
Robert,  high-efiirited,  wi^y,  and  affec- 
tionate.    She  is  in    love  with    coionel 


Raymond,  whom  she  delights  in  tormenfe* 
ing.—Ed.  Moore,  The  Foundling  (1748). 

Belmont  (Andrew),  tbe  elder  of  two 
brotiiers,  who  married  yioletta(an  Englisk 
lady  bom  in  Lisbon),  and  deserted  her. 
He  then  promised  marriage  to  Lncjr 
Waters,  the  daughter  of  one  of  hui 
tenants,  but  had  no  intention  of  making 
her  his  wife.  At  the  same  time,  he  en- 
gaged himself  to  Sophia,  the  daughter  of 
sir  Benjamin  Dove.  The  day  of  the 
wedding  arrived,  and  it  was  then  dis- 
covered that  he  was  married  already,  and 
that  Yioletta  his  wife  was  actually 
present. 

Robert  Belmont,  the  younger  of  the 
two  brothers,  in  love  with  Sophia  Dove. 
He  went  to  sea  in  a  privateer  under 
captain  Ironside,  his  uncle,  and  changed 
his  name  to  Lewson.  The  ressel  was 
wrecked  on  the  Cornwall  coast,  and  he 
renewed  his  acquaintance  with  Sophia, 
but  heard  that  she  was  engaged  in  mar- 
riage to  his  brother.  As,  however,  it  wna 
proved  that  his  brother  was  already 
married,  the  young  lady  willingly  aban- 
doned the  elder  for  the  younger  brother. 
—R.  Cumberland,  The  Brothers  (1769). 

Belmour  (Edward),  a  gay  youn|r 
man  about  town. — Congreve,  The  Okt 
Bachelor  (1693). 

Belmour  (Mrs.),  a  widow  of  "agreeable 
vivacity^  entertaining  manners,  qnicknesa 
of  transition  from  one  thing  to  another,  a 
feeling  heart,  and  a  generosity  of  senti- 
ment.^ She  it  is  who  shows  Mrs.  Lore- 
more  the  way  to  keep  her  husband  at 
home,  and  to  make  him  treat  her  with 
that  deference  which  is  her  just  doe. — 
A.  Murphy,  The  Way  to  Keep  Him 
(1760). 

Beloved  Disciple  (The),  St.  John 
"  the  divine.^  and  writer  of  the  fourth 
Ciospel.— JoAn  xiii.  28,  etc 

Beloved  Physician  (Ths),  St. 
Luke  the  evangelist— Go/,  iv.  14, 

Bel'phegor.  a  Moabitish  deity,  wnoae 
orgies  were  oeleorated  on  mount  Phegor, 
and  were  noted  for  their  obscenity. 

Belphoe'be  (8  syl.),  "  All  the  Graces 
rocked  her  cradle  when  she  was  born." 
Her  mother  was  Ch^rs<^ond  (4  syl.), 
daughter  of  Amphisa  of  faiiy  lineage, 
and  her  twin-sister  was  Amoretta.  While 
the  mother  and  her  babes  were  asleep, 
Diana  took  one  ^BelphcebS)  to  bring  np^ 
and  Venus  took  tne  other. 

*^*  BelphoBbg  is  the  "Diana**  among 


BELTED  WILL. 


97 


BENBOW. 


vomen,  cold,  pMsionless,  correct,  and 
stioiig-4ni]ided.  Amoret  is  the'^Venas," 
bat  without  the  licentiotisness  of  that 
goddeM,  wann,  kmng,  motherly,  and 
wifelj.  BelphaM  was  a  lily ;  Amoret  a 
rose.  Belphobd  a  moonbeam,  ii^t  with- 
oat  heat ;  Amoret  a  stmbeam,  bright  and 
warm  and  life-givincr.  Bel[mcebf  would 
go  to  the  battle-field,  and  make  a  most 
adminble  noise  or  lady-conductor  of  an 
ambolance ;  but  Amoret  would  prefer  to 
look  after  her  husband  and  family,  whose 
comfort  would  be  her  first  care,  and 
whoee  lore  she  would  seek  and  largely 
itdprocate. — See  Spenser,  Fairy  Qmen^ 
m,  IT.  (1590). 

*«*  *'  Belpluebg  ^  is  queen  Elizabeth. 
As  fteen  she  is  Gloriana,  but  as  wrman 
sheisBelphcebd,  the  beautiful  and  diaste. 


Or  fai  Di»>huiM  iHhloaM  lo  tw; 
iwwhcrrale.  in  the  elbcr  bcrmi 

r.  FMrjf  <{Mm  tfntrodactioB  t9  bk.  UL). 


Bolted  WnU  lord  1/niliam  Howard, 
warden  cf  the  western  marches  (1663- 
IMO). 


oTUi  kmiHnU. 
to  the  Poor  Bodi 
tede 


In  It  briMd  aad  itadded  bdt ; 
!■  rade  phoue  the  Bordefen  illB 
ooldeHinnid  "Bellad  WUL' 

OrW. 

Belten'ebroB  (4  sy/.).    AmSdis  of 

Gaal  assumes  the  name  when  he  retires  to 

file  Poor  Rock,  after  receiving  a  cruel 

kcter  from  Oiia'na  his  lady-lore. — ^Vasco 

de  Lobeiia,  AmadU  de  0cm,  ii.  6  (before 

1400). 

tMtfmoirfn  wUdi  tiMi 

.  and  love,  wu  hie 

In  dhgiaoe  with  hie 

the  neme  nl  BH- 

■tet. /ton  OnimCe, 

Balvide'r%  daiu^ter  of  Priull  a 
iCBator  of  Venice,  ^e  was  sared  from 
the  sea  by  Jaffier,  eloped  with  him,  and 
narried  him.  Her  father  then  discarded 
her,  and  her  husband  joined  the  con- 
nincy  of  Pierre  to  muxder  the  senators. 
Ue  tells  Belvidera  of  the  plot,  and 
Behridera,  in  order  to  save  her  father,  per- 
suades Jaffier  to  reveal  the  plot  to  Pnuli, 
if  be  will  promise  a  general  free  pardon. 
Priuli  gives  the  required  promise,  but 
lotwithstanding,  all  the  conspirators,  ex- 
cept Jaffier,  are  condemned  to  death  by 
torture.  Jaffier  stabs  Pierre  to  save  him 
from  the  dishonour  of  the  wheel,  and 
then  kills  himself.  Belvidera  goes  mad 
saddles.— Otway,  Venice  Preserved (1682), 

▼e  hM«  I*  ckeefc  ear  tmn.  aMieugh  veO  aware  thai 
"  wich  whBK  eorroers  we  eufialfaiae  b  M 
own  Inliltelde  Mnu 


(The  actor  Booth  used  to  speak  in 
nptan  of  Mrs.  Porter's  "Belvidera.**  It 
obtained  for  Mrs.  Barry  the  title  of 
famous;  Miss  O'Neill  and  Miss  Helea 
Faucit  were  both  great  in  the  same  part.) 

Ben  [LEOEirD]j  sir  Sampson  Legend's 
^unger  son,  a  sailor  and  a  "  sea-wit,** 
m  whose  composition  tiiere  enters  no  part 
of  the  conventional  ^penerosity  and  open 
fruikness  of  a  British  tar.  His  slang 
phrase  is  '*  D'ye  see,"  and  his  pet  oath 
"Mess!" — ^W.  Congreve,  Love  for  Lwe 
(1695).  I  cannot  agree  with  the  follow- 
ing sketch: — 

What  If  Sm-Uie  pieamit  adlor  which  Baanbter  givea 
a>— but  a  pleee  of  aattre  ...  a  dieanv  eomUnAtioo  of 
aU  the  aocUents  of  a  mUot^  character,  his  eouteinpt  of 
amier.  >>ia  ersdidl^  to  wamen.  with  thdt  noammxy 
eitnuiCBment  from  homef  ...  We  nerer  think  the 
worse  ofBenrorlt.<irfaelltMa  Mala  upon  hk  eharao- 
ter:— C.  Lnmh. 

a  Dlbdfai  ajn:  "  If  the deaeriptlon  of  Tbom.  Dooetfe 
perfarnmnce  of  thb  character  be  correct  the  Bart  baa 
eertain^  safer  been  pecfornied  ahioe  to  9Uf  degree  of 
perfectloH." 

Ben  Israel  {Nathan)  or  Nathan 
ben  Samuel,  the  physician  and  friend 
of  Isaac  the  Jew. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Ivanhoe 
(time,  Richard  1.). 

Ben  JocTianan,  in  the  satire  of 
Abeaiom  and  Achitopaely  by  Dryden  and 
Tate,  is  meant  for  the  Rev.  Samuel  J<^n- 
son,  who  suffered  much  persecution  for 
his  defence  of  the  right  of  private  judg- 
ment. 

Let  Hebron,  nay.  let  hell  iirodaee  a  nuw 
So  made  for  mlvhief  m  Ben  Jochaaan. 
A  Jew  of  humble  parentage  wan  he, 
Or  trade  a  Lerite,  thoagh  of  low  degrea 

Part  II. 

Benai'ah  (3  syl.),  in  Abscdom  and 

Achitop/iely  is  meant  for  general  (reor^ 

Edward  Sackville.    As  Isaiah,  captain 

of  David's  guard,  adhered  to  Solomon 

against  Adonijah,  so  general  Sackville 

adhered  to  the  duke  of  York  against  tibe 

prince  of  Orange  (1590-1662). 

Hot  can  Benaiah'i  wtwth  fotsotton  Ha, 

Of  eteadjr  aoal  when  poblle  itonne  were  high. 

Dryden  and  Tate,  part  B. 

Benaslcar  or  Bennaskar,  a 
wealthy  merchant  and  magician  of  Delhi, 
—Barnes  Ridley,  Taies  of  the  OcnU 
("History  of  Mahoud,"  tale  vii.,  1751). 

Benbow  (Admiral),  In  an  engaged 
menlT  with  ^e  French  near  St.  Martha  on 
the  Spanish  coast  in  1701,  admired 
Benbow  had  his  legs  and  thighs  shivered 
into  splinters  by  chain-shot,  bat  supported 
in  a  wooden  frame  he  remained  on  the 

auarter-deck  till  morning,  when  Du  Cassi 
lieered  off. 
Similar  acts  of  heroism  are  record^  of 

H 


BENBOW. 


98 


BENTICK  STREET. 


Almeyda  the  Portuguese  goveraor  of 
India,  of  Cyii«egiros  brother  of  the  poet 
Ji^schylos,  of  Jaafer  the  ftaodArd-bearer 
of  "  the  prophet "  in  the  battle  of  Muta, 
and  of  some  others. 

Benbow,  an  idle,  generous,  free-and- 
etay  sot,  who  spent  a  good  inheritance  in 
dissipation,  and  ended  life  in  the  work- 
house. 

Benbov,  a  booa  oomiMUiloD,  long  approvvd 
By  JoyM  wU.  and  (m  be  tbouoht)  balorad. 
was  Judged  m  one  to  Jof  and  tnandihip  proiM, 
And  doraied  UUnriout  to  hlioMlf  alone. 

CiBbbe,  Borough,  XfL  CUIO). 

Ben'denieer',  a  river  that  flows  near 
the  ruins  of  Chil'minar'  or  Istacbar',  in 
the  province  of  Qiusistan  in  Persia. 

Bend-the-Bow,  an  English  archer 
at  Dickson's  cottage.—Sii  W.  Scott, 
Castle  Dangerous  (time,  Henrr  I.). 

Benedick,  a  wild,  witty,  and  light- 
hearted  young  lord  of  radna,  who  vowed 
eelilwcy,  but  fell  in  love  with  Beatrice 
and  married  her.  It  fell  out  thus:  He 
went  on  a  visit  to  Leonato  governor  of 
Messina;     here   he    sees    Beatrice,    the 

governor's  niece,  as  wild  and  witty  as 
imself,  but  he  dislikes  her,  thinks  her 
pert  Mid  forward,  lind  some^at  ill-man- 
nered withal.  However,  he  hears  Claudio 
speaking  to  Leonato  about  Beatrice, 
sajring  how  deeply  she  loves  Benedick, 
and  l^woiling  that  so  nice  a  ^rl  should 
break  her  heart  with  unrequited  love. 
This  conversation  was  a  mere  ruse,  but 
Benedick  believed  it  to  be  true,  and 
resolved  to  reward  the  love  of  Beatrice 
with  love  and  marriage.  It  so  happened 
that  Beatrice  had  b^n  entrapped  by  a 
similar  conversation  which  she  had  over- 
htturd  from  her  cousin  Hero.  The  end 
was  they  sincerely  loved  each  other,  and 
became  man  and  wife. — Shakespeare, 
Much  Ado  about  Nothing  (1600). 

Benedict  [BellefontaineI,  the 
wealthiest  farmer  of  Grand  Pr^,  in 
Acadia,  father  of  Evangeline  ("the  pride 
of  the  village  **).  He  was  a  stalwart  man 
of  70,  hale  as  an  oak,  but  his  hair  was 
white  as  snow.  Colonel  Winslow  in 
1713  informed  the  villagers  of  Grand  Vt4 
that  the  French  had  formally  ceded  their 
village  to  the  English,  that  George  II. 
now  confiscated  aU  their  lands,  houses, 
and  cattle,  and  that  the  people,  amounting 
to  nearly  2000,  were  to  be  "  exiled  into 
other  lands  without  delay."  The  people 
assembled  on  the  sea-shore ;  old  Benedict 
Belief ontaine  tat  to  rest  himself,  and  fell 
dead  in  a  fit.    The  old  priest  buried  htm 


in  the  sand,  and  the  exiles  left  their 
village  homes  for  ever. — ^Longfellow, 
Evangeline  (1849). 

Benefit-Fla7.  The  first  actress  in- 
dulged with  a  benefit-play  was  Mrs. 
Elizabeth  Barry  (1682-1783). 

Ben'engel'i  (C«i  Bamet).  the  hypo- 
thetical Moorish  chronicler  nom  whom 
Cervantes  pretends  he  derived  the  ac- 
count of  the  adventures  of  don  Quixote. 

The  Spaobh  eoaunentaton . . .  have  diworwed  Uiat 
etd  ffumtt  BtntnffM  la  after  all  no  mofe  than  an  Aiahle 
Tenion  of  the  name  of  OanrantA*  hlnweir.  itmmtt*  la 
a  Moorlih  prefix,  and  Stuntfftli  eigniSai  "mq  of  a  ataa." 
In  Spauiab  OvrvafUewo.— Lockhart 

Benengeli  {Cid  HametV  Thomas  Babin^^- 
ton  lord  Macaulay.  His  signature  in  hia 
Fragment  of  an  Ancient  Romance  (1826). 
(See  Cid,  etc.) 

Benev'olus,  in  Cooper's  Task^  is 
John  Courtney  Throckmorton,  of  Weston 
Underwood. 

Bei^ie  (Little),  or  Benjamin  Col- 
thred,  a  spy  employed  by  Cristal  NixoOy 
the  agent  of  Redgauntlet.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Jiedgauntlei  (time,  Geoi^  III.). 

Ben'net  {Brother)^  a  monk  at  St. 
Mary's  convent.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Monastery  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Ben'net  (Mrs,),  a  demur^  intriguing 
woman  in  Amelia^  a  novel  by  Fielding 
(1761). 

Ben'oiton  {Madame)^  a  woman  who 
has  been  the  ruin  of  the  family  by  neglect. 
In  the  "  famille  Benoiton  *'  the  constant 
question  was  "  Ou  est  Madame  i**  and  the 
invariable  answer  *  *  £lle  est  sortie,^*  At  the 
denouement  the  question  was  asked  again, 
and  the  answer  was  varied  thus,  "Madam 
has  been  at  home,  but  is  gone  out  again.*' 
— La  Famille  Benoiton, 

Ben'shee,  the  domestic  spirit  or 
demon  of  certain  Irish  families.  The 
benshee  takes  an  interest  in  the  prosperity 
of  the  family  to  which  it  is  attached,  and 
intimates  to  it  approaching  disaster  or 
death  by  waitings  or  shrieks,  llie  Scotch 
Bodaoh  Glay  or  "  grey  spectre"  is  a  simi- 
lar spirit.   Same  as  i^aii«Afe( which  see). 

How  oft  hae  the  Benthee  cried  I 
How  oft  hfu  death  untied 
Bright  links  that  glonr  wove. 
Sweet  booda  mtwined  hy  lore ! 

T.  Moore.  Irith  M«MU«t,  fl. 

Bentick  Street  (Portman  Square, 
London),  named  after  William  B^nHck, 
second  duke  of  Portland,  who  married 
Margaret,  only  child  of  Edward  second 
earl  of  Oxford  auu  Mortimer. 


BENVOUO. 


BERENICE. 


DenvoTio,  nCTbew  to  Montague,  and 
BoBwo'a  friend.  A  testy,  litigious  fellow, 
viiioiroiiM  onaird  abcvt  govt's  wool  or 
MeoB^s  milk*  Mercntio  says  to  him, 
"Thoa  hast  ooairelled  with  a  man  for 
ooogfainff  in  tne  street,  because  he  hath 
wskened  thy  dog  that  hath  lain  asleep 
in  the  son  **  (act  lii.  sc  1). — Shakespeare, 
£<mm>  amd  Jniiet  (1598). 

Ben^Mrioke  (2  sy/.)«  ^«  kingdom  of 
king  Ban,  father  of  sir  Lamicelot.  It 
was  sitoate  in  that  extremely  shadowy 
locality  designated  as  **  beyond  seas,"  bot 
whether  it  was  Brittany  or  Utopia,  '*non 
nostram  tantas  componere  lites. 

Probably  it  was  Brittany,  because  it 
was  across  the  channel,  and  was  in 
France.  Ban  king  of  Benwicke  was 
brother  of  Bors  kmg  of  GaoL— Sir  T. 
lldwy,  HiMtory  ofPrmce  ArthWy  i.  8 
(1470). 

Beowulf  the  name  of  an  Anglo- 
Saxon  epic  poem  of  the  sixth  century.  It 
Rceived  its  name  from  Beownlf,  who 
detirered  Hrothgar  king  of  Denmark  from 
the  monster  Grendel.  This  Grendel  was 
half  monster  and  half  man,  and  night 
after  ni^t  stole  into  the  king's  palace 
called  Heorot,  and  slew  sometimes  as 
Bsny  as  thirty  of  the  sleepers  at  a  time. 
Beownlf  put  himself  at  the  head  of  a 
laixed  band  of  warriors,  went  a^nst  the 
BMNtster  and  slew  it.  This  epic  is  very 
OMianic  in  style,  is  full  of  beauties,  and 
ii  most  interesting. — Kavhl^s  Trandaiixm, 

(A.  D.  Wackerbarth  published  in  1^49 
t  netrical  translation  of  this  Anglo- 
Saxon  poem,  of  considerable  merit.) 

Beppo.  Bjrnm^s  Bevpo  is  the  husband 
of  Lrara^  a  Venetian  lady.  He  was  taken 
captive  m  Troy,  turned  Turk,  joined  a 
bttd  of  fnrates,  grew  rich,  and  after 
Mveral  years  returned  to  his  native  hmd. 
He  found  his  wife  at  a  carnival  ball  with 
a  oaw/iwo,  made  himself  known  to  her. 
and  they  lived  togeUier  a^ain  as  man  and 
wife.  (Beppo  is  a  contraction  of  Guiseppe, 
as  Joe  IS  of  Joaeph,  1820.) 

BeppOf  in  Jhi  Duxvolo,  an  opera  by 
Anber  (1836). 

Beralde  (2  sy/.),  brother  of  Argan  the 
malade  tmagmaire.  He  tells  Argan  that 
kit  doctors  will  confess  this  much,  that 
the  cure  of  a  patient  is  a  very  minor  con- 
■deration  wiUi  them,  '*  Umtc  f  excellence 
dr  lem  art  conaitte  en  un  pcmpeux  gait- 
matia$y  en  mn  ap^deux  oabil,  qm  wms 
4omm  de$  tnoUpomr  des  raimms,  et  det 
I pomr d$M efets/*   Againhesaysi 


"pmque  tout  lea  hommea  mernvnt  de  leut 
remedea  et  non  paa  de  leura  maladiea***  He 
then  ]»oves  that  Argan's  wife  is  a  mere 
hypocrite,  while  his  daughter  b  a  true- 
hearted,  loving  girl ;  and  he  makes  the 
invalid  join  in  the  dancing  and  singing 

Srovided  for  his  cure. — Moliere,  Le  Maiaae 
magmaire  (1678). 

Berch'ta  ("  the  white  lady'^,  a  fiury  of 
southern  Germany,  answering  to  Hnlda 
("  the  gracious  lady**)  of  northern  Ger- 
manv.  After  the  introduction  of  Chris- 
tianftv,  Berchta  lost  her  first  estate  and 
lapsed  into  a  bogie. 

Bereoynthian  Ooddess  {The), 
Cyb^d  is  so  called  from  mount  Berecyn- 
t»is,  in  Phrygia,  where  she  was  held  in 
especial  adoration.  She  is  represented  as 
crowned  with  turrets,  and  holding  keys 
in  her  hand. 

HwhafaBMhMi 
Bom  Bk*  th«  BarMgrBtkkui  goddwi  awriKd 
Wtthtowtn. 

BootlMir.  BoUHdt,  «•..  IL  (1814). 

BereoTn'thian  Hero  {The),  Midas 
king  of  Phrvgia,  so  odled  from  mount 
Berecyn'tus  (4  «y/.),  in  Phrygia. 

Berenga'ria,  queen  -  consort  of 
Richard  Cceur  de  Lion,  introduced  in  The 
ToUismany  a  novel  by  sir  W.  Scott 
(1825).    Berengaria  died  1280. 

Berenger  {Sir  Raymond),  an  old 
Norman  warrior,  living  at  the  castle  of 
(jiarde  Doloureuse. 

Tha  lady  Eveline  Berenaer,  sir  Ray- 
mond's daughter,  betrothed  to  sir  Hugo 
de  Lacy.  Sir  Hugo  cancels  his  X>wn 
betrothal  in  favour  of  his  nephew  (sir 
IMmian  de  Lacy),  who  marries  the  lady 
Eveline  "the  betrothed."— Sir  W.  Scott, 
The  Betrot/ted  (time,  Henry  II.). 

Bereni'oe  (4  ayl,),  sister-wife  of 
Ptolemy  111.  She  vowed  to  sacrifice  her 
hair  to  the  gods  if  her  husband  returned 
home  the  vanquisher  of  Asia.  On  his 
return,  she  suspended  her  hair  in  the 
temple  of  the  war-god,  but  it  was  stolen 
the  first  night,  and  Conon  of  Samos  told 
the  king  that  the  winds  had  carried  it  to 
heaven,  where  it  still  forms  the  seven 
stars  near  the  tail  of  Leo,  called  Coma 
Berenioea, 

Pope,  in  his  Sape  of  the  Lock,  has 
borrowed  this  fable  to  account  for  the 
lock  of  hair  cut  from  Belinda's  head,  the 
restoration  of  which  the  young  lady 
insisted  upon. 

Berenice  (4  ayL),  a  Jewish  priuGeM| 
daughter  of  Agrippa.   She  married  Ueroa 


BKKBSINA. 


100 


BERNARDO 


king  of  Chalcis,  then  Polemon  king  of 
Cilicia,  and  then  went  to  live  with 
Agrippa  II.  her  brother.  Titns  fell  in 
love  with  her  and  would  have  married 
her,  bat  the  Romans  compelled  him  to 
renounce  the  idea,  and  a  separation  took 
place.  Otway  (1672)  made  this  the 
subject  of  a  tragedy  called  TUtu  and 
Bcrenioi ;  and  Jean  Racine  (1670),  in  his 
tragedy  of  B&^nice,  has  made  her  a  sort 
of  Henriette  d'Orl^Mis. 

(Henriette  d*Orldans,  daoghter  of 
Charles  I.  of  England,  married  Philippe 
due  d'Orl^ans,  brother  of  Lonis  XIV.  Sne 
was  brilliant  in  talent  and  beaatifnl  in 
person,  bot  being  neglected  by  her  has- 
oand,  she  died  suddenly  after  drinking  a 
cap  of  chocolate,  probably  poisoned.) 

Beresi'na  (4  syL).  Every  streamlet 
thaU  prove  a  new  Beresina  (Russian) : 
meaning  *' every  streamlet  shall  prove 
tiieir  destanction  and  overthrow."  The 
allusion  is  to  the  disastrous  passage  of  the 
French  army  in  November,  1812,  daring 
their  retreat  from  Moscow.  It  is  said 
that  12,000  of  the  fugitives  were  drowned 
m  the  stream,  and  16,000  were  taken 
prisoners  by  the  Russians. 

Ber'il.a  kind  of  crystal,  much  used  at 

one  time  by  fortune-tellers,  who  looked 

into  the  benl  and  then  ottered  their  pre-' 

dictions. 

.  . .  and,  nte  a  pfophct, 
Lo9k>  In  a  gbm  that  alMwi  what  f utora  erlb  .  .  . 
Are  now  to  have  no  sooeoMlra  dacraa. 
Bat  wiMre  thajr  Uve,  to  end. 
8hak«ip«ara,  Mmtturtfor  Mtagurt.  act  I.  w.  S  (IflOS). 

Berin^hen  (The  Sew  de),  an  old 
gourmand^  who  preferred  patties  to  trea- 
son ;  but  cardinal  Richeliea  banished  him 
from  France,  saying : 

SImp  net  another  nkht  In  Parii, 

Or  ebe  your  predom life  majr  be  In  danger. 

Lord  I^tton.  OicHttUu  (18»). 

Berin'thia,  consin  of  Amanda;  a 
beautiful  young  widow  attached  to  colonel 
Townly.  In  order  to  win  him  she  plays 
upon  his  jealousy  by  coquetting  with 
Loveless. — Sheridiui,  A  Trip  to  Scar" 
hormigh  (1777). 

Berkeley  {The  Old  Woman  of),  a 
woman  whoso  life  had  been  very  wicked. 
On  her  doath-bed  she  sent  for  her  son  who 
was  a  monk,  and  for  her  daughter  who 
was  a  nun,  and  bade  them  put  her  in  a 
strong  stone  coffin,  and  to  fasten  the 
coffin  to  the  ground  with  strong  bands  of 
iron.  Fifty  priests  and  fifty  choristers 
were  to  pray  and  sing  over  her  for  tJirce 
days,  and  the  bell  was  to  toil  without 


ceasing.  The  first  nif^  passed  witfaoat 
much  distarbance.  Tne  second  nicdit  the 
candles  burnt  blue  and  dreadful  yeUs  were 
heard  outside  the  chorch.  But'  the  third 
night  the  devil  broke  into  the  church  and 
carried  off  the  old  woman  on  his  black 
horse.— R.  Sonthey,  The  Old  Woman  of 
Berkeley  (a  ballad  trom  Olaus  Magnus). 

Dr.  Sajrers  pointed  oat  to  in  In  coarei  mthm  a  ftory 
relaiod  by  Oinus  Nasnos  of  a  witch  whoee  eoflla  was  coa> 
Ined  hjr  three  cfaatas.  but  nererthehwe  wai  carried  off  by 
deatone.  Dr.Sayenbad  madeabaOadon  tfaenbJect;  ao 
had  I ;  bat  after  Kebig  Th*  Otd  Wommm  ^  ArM«y,  w 
awarded  It  the  pntaeooa.— W.  IqrloK 

Berkeley  Square  (London))  bo 
called  in  compliment  to  John  lord  Beriie- 
ley  of  Stratton. 

Berkely  (  The  My  Augusta),  plighted 
to  sir  John  de  Walton,  governor  of  Dong- 
las  Castle.  She  first  appears  under  the 
name  of  Augustine,  disguised  as  the  son 
of  Bertram  the  minstrel,  and  the  novel 
concludes  with  her  marriage  to  De  Walton, 
to  whom  Douglas  Castle  had  been  sur- 
rendered.—Sir  W.  Scott,  Castle  Par^ 
gerous  (time,  Henry  I.). 

Berkshire  Lady  ( 2%e),  Miss  Frances 
Kendrick,  daughter  of  sir  William  Ken- 
drick,  second  baronet;  his  fitther  was 
created  baronet  by  Charles  IT.  The  line, 
"  Faint  heart  never  won  fair  lady,"  was 
the  advice  of  a  friend  to  Mr.  Child,  the 
son  of  a  brewer,  who  sought  the  hand  of 
the  lady. — Quarterly  Bniew.  cvL  206- 
245. 

Berme'ja,  the  Insula  de  la  Torr^, 
from  which  Am'adis  of  Gaul  starts  when 
he  goes  in  quest  of  the  enchantress-dam- 
sel, daughter  of  Finetor  the  necromancer. 

Bermu'daa,  a  cant  name  for  one  of 
the  purlieus  of  the  Strand,  at  one  time 
frequented  by  vagabonds,  thieves,  and  all 
evil-doers  who  sou^t  to  lie  perdu, 

Bernard.  Solomon  Bernard,  engraver 
of  Lions  (sixteenth  century),  called  Le 
petit  Bernard.  Claude  Bernard  of  Dijon, 
the  phiUnthropist  (1588-1641),  is  called 
Poor  Bernard,  Pierre  Joseph  Bernard, 
the  French  poet  (1710-1775),  is  caUed  Le 
gentil  Bernard, 

Bernard,  an  ass;  in  Italian  Bernardo. 
In  the  beast-epic  called  Reynard  the 
Fox,  the  sfu;ep  is  called  **  Bernard,"  and 
the  cm  is  '*  Bernard  Tarchiprgtre  *'  (1498). 

Bemar'do,  an  officer  in  Denmark,  to 
whom  the  ghost  of  the  murdered  king 
appeared  during  the  night-watch  at  the 
royal  castle. — Shakespeare,  ^om/^i  (1596). 


BEBNABDO  PS*  CARPIO. 


101 


BESTOLDO. 


Tm 


Beomardo  del  Carpio,  one  of 
tbo  most  favourite  sobjecta  of  the  old 
Speniah  miiwtrelB.  'Hie  other  twfi  were 
7W  Ctd  and  Lara^i  Seven  lu/atUe.  Ber- 
Btaido  del  Gkrpio  was  the  penon  who 
asMiled  Oriando  (or  Rowland)  at  Roncet* 
▼aU£a,  ttid  finding  him  invulnerable,  took 
him  up  in  hia  anna  and  aoueezed  him  to 
death,  as  Hercol^  did  Antfe'oa.— Cer- 
raatcs.  Am  Qmxote,  II.  U.  13  (1615). 

*^*  The  only  vulnerable  part  of  Or- 
lando waa  the  sole  of  the  foot. 

Bemaeaxie  Poetiy,  like  lord  By- 
ron's Jkm  Juom^  is  a  mixture  of  satire, 
tru;edy^  comedy,  serious  thought,  wit, 
and  ridicnla.  L.  Puld  waa  the  father  of 
thia  daaa  of  riiyme  (1432-1487),  but 
FrsDceaco  Bemi  of  Tuscany  (1490-1537) 
io  greatly  excelled  in  it,  that  it  is  called 
Bemempte^  from  hia  name. 

Bemit^  with  Dei'ra  constituted 
Northnmbria.  Bemitia  included  West- 
Moraland,  Durham,  and  part  of  (^mber- 
land.  Ikira  contained  the  other  part  of 
Conberiaod,  with  Yorkshire  and    Lan- 


wttk 


[ifel 
Dnqrtoo.  PolgMtom,  xfL  (1611). 

Ber'rathon,  an  island  of  Scandinavia. 

Beraerlcer,  grandson  of  the  eight- 
handed  Starka'der  and  the  buautifd 
Alfhil'd^.  He  was  so  called  because  he 
wore  "bo  shiit  of  mail,",  but  went  to 
battle  unharnessed.  He  married  the 
daughter  of  Swaf  urlam,  and  had  twelve 
•oBs.  ( Asr-syroe,  Anglo-Saxim, '  *  bare  of 
ihirt ;  ^  Seotd^  «*  bare-aark.") 

T«a  mf  dHt  I  aai  a  Bansfkcr.  aad  .  .  .  bai»«tfk  I  go 

timumm  t»  tk*  war.  mm!  baiMwk  I  win  thai  war  or 
atk-SOT.  C.  Eim*tr,M0rmmr<d$k4  Wmkt,  L  S47. 

Bertha,  the  supposed  daughter  of 
Yandnnke  (2  eyl.)  burgomaster  of  Bruges, 
sad  Bustreas  of  Goswin  a  rich 'merchant 
of  the  same  city.  In  reality,  Bertha  is 
the  duke  of  Brabant's  daughter  Oertnidey 
and  Goswin  is  Ftorez^  son  of  Germrd  king 
of  the  beggiars. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher, 
Tke  Beggar^  Bush  (1622). 

Sfr'tAo,  daughter  of  Burkhard  duke  of 
the  Aleinanni,  and  wife  of  Rudolf  II. 
kmg  of  Burgundy  beyond  Jura.  She  is 
represented  on  monuments  of  the  time  as 
rittang  cm  her  throne  spinning. 

Ymam  A* 


thiwtftwath* 
MddJa. 
wax  w  Uiriflj  and  sood  (bat 


•sad  tabs 

Inlo  a 


tka  Manar.tha 
•pattragroTarTaBay.  aad  meadinr. 


Berthoy  alias  Agatiia,  the  betrothed  of 
Hereward  (8  »y/.),  one  of  tb«»  CTnniror*s 
Varangian  guards.  The  novel  concludes 
with  Hereward  enlisting  under  the  banner 
of  count  Robert,  and  marrying  Bertha. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Count  Robert  of  Paris  (time, 
Rufus). 

Ber^thoy  the  betrothed  of  John  of  Ley- 
den.  When  she  went  with  her  mother  to 
ask  count  Oberthars  permission  to  marry, 
the  count  resolved  to  make  his  pretty 
vassal  his  mistress,  and  confined  her  in 
his  castle.  She  made  her  escape  and 
went  to  Munster,  intending  to  set  fire  to 
the  palace  of  "the  prophet,**  who,  she 
thought,  had  caused  the  death  of  her 
lover.  Being  seized  and  brought  before 
the  prophet,  she  recognized  in  him  her 
lover,  and  exclaiming^  "I  loved  thee 
once,  but  now  my  love  is  turned  to  hs^" 
stabbed  herself  and  died. — Heyerbeer,  L§ 
Frophete  (an  opera,  1849).  ^ 

Bertbe  au  Ghrand-Pied,  mother  of 
Qiarlemagne,  so  called  from  a  club-foot. 

Bertolde  (3  syl.),  the  hero  of  a  little 
jeu  cTesprit  in  Italian  prose  by  J.  C.  Crod 
(2  syl,).  He  is  a  comedian  bv  profession, 
whom  nothing  astonishes.  He  is  as  much 
at  his  ease  with  kings  and  queens  as  with 
those  of  his  own  rank.  Hence  the  phrase 
Imperturbable  as  Bertolde^  meaning  **  never 
taken  by  surprise,"  *^  never  thrown  off 
one*s  guard,"  **  never  disconcerted.** 

Bertoldo  iPrimx),  a  knight  of  Malta, 
and  brother  of  Roberto  kin^  of  the  two 
Sicilies.  He  is  in  love  with  Cami'ola 
**the  maid  of  honour,**  but  could  not 
marry  without  a  dispensation  from  the 
pope.  While  matters  were  at  this  crigis, 
Bertoldo  lud  siege  to  Sienna,  and  was 
taken  prisoner.  (^miSla  paid  his  ransom, 
but  before  he  was  released  the  duchess 
Aurelia  requested  him  to  be  brought 
beA>re  her.  Immediately  the  duchess  saw 
him,  she  fell  in  love  with  him,  and 
offered  him  marriage,  and  Bertoldo,  for- 
getful of  Camiola,  accepted  the  offer. 
The  betrothed  then Jpresented  themselves 
before  the  king.  Here  Camiola  exposed 
the  conduct  of  the  knight;  Roberto  is 
indignant :  Aurelia  rejects  her /?anc^ with 
scorn  ;  ana  Otmiola  takes  the  veil. — Mas- 
singer,  The  Maid  of  Honour  (1637). 

Bertofdo,  the  chief  character  of  a 
comic  romance  called  Vita  di  Bertoldo,  by 


BEBTOLDO*S  SON. 


lot 


BEBTRAMO. 


Julio  Cesare  Croc^  who  flourished  in  the 
sixteenth  century.  It  recounts  the  suc- 
cessful exploits  of  ft  clever  but  ugly 
peftsftnt,  ftnd  was  for  two  centuries  as 
popular  in  Italy  as  Hobinton  Crusoe  is  in 
England.  Same  as  Bertolde  &nd  Bartotdo, 

Bertoldo'8  Son,  Rinaldo.— Tasso, 
JemtaUm  Delivered  (1575). 

Bertram  {Banm)t  one  of  CSiarle- 
magne's  paladins. 

Ber'tran^  count  of  Rousillon.  While 
on  a  visit  to  the  king  of  France,  Hel'ena, 
a  physician's  daughter,  cured  the  king  of 
a  disorder  which  had  baffled  the  court 
physicians.  For  this  service  the  king 
promised  her  for  husband  any  one  she 
chose  to  select,  and  her  choice  fell  on 
Bertram.  The  haughty  count  married 
her,  it  is  true,  but  deserted  her  at  once, 
and  left  for  Florence,  where  he  joined  the 
duke's  army.  It  so  happened  that 
Helena  also  stopoed  at  Florence  while  on 
a  pilgrimage  to  tne  shrine  of  St.  Jacques 
le  Grand.  In  Florence  she  lodged  with  a 
widow  whose  daughter  Diana  was  wan- 
tonly loved  by  fiertram.  Helena  ob- 
tained permission  to  receive  his  visits  in 
lieu  of  Diana,  and  in  one  of  these  visits 
exchanged  rings  with  him.  Soon  after 
this  the  count  went  on  a  visit  to  his 
mother,  where  he  saw  the  king,  and  the 
king  observing  on  his  finger  the  ring  he 
had  given  to  Helena,  had  him  arrest^  on 
the  suspicion  of  murder.  Helena  now 
came  forward  to  explain  matters,  and  all 
was  well,  for  all  ended  well. — Shake- 
speare, AlC*  WeU  that  End*  Well  (1598). 

1 CMUMC  raeoodlt  mr  bMrt  to  **  BMlnai,'' a  oiHi  oobte 
wiUtout  taicnMky. mm! nang without truUi:  who oioniM 
Holeuo  M  a  oovard.  aiMl  laann  bar  m  a  proOgnt*.  When 
ib*  U  daad  tqr  hli  unUndiMNi  ha  ancaki  nonie  to  a  noond 
Buniago.  b  aecuawl  by  a  womao  wtioin  b«  ba«  wronged, 
deien<k  YAamAi  hf  blMhood.  and  b  dbmisMd  to  happl- 
■Ma^Dr.  Jobowa. 

Bertram  {Sir  Stephen)  ^  an  austere  mer- 
chant, very  just  but  not  generous.  Fear- 
ing lest  his  son  should  marry  the  sister  of 
his  clerk  (Charles  Ratcliffe),  he  dismissed 
BatcliflPe  from  his  service,  and  being 
then  informed  that  the  marriage  had  been 
already  consummated,  he  disinherited  his 
son.  Sheva  the  Jew  assured  him  that  the 
lady  had  £10,000  for  her  fortune,  so  he 
relented.  At  the  last  all  parties  were 
satisfied. 

Frederick  Bertram^  only  son  of  sir 
Stephen ;  he  marries  Miss  Ratcliffe  clan- 
destinely, and  incurs  thereby  his  fttther's 
displeasure,  but  the  noble  benevolence  of 
Sheva  the  Jew  brinf^  about  a  reconcilia- 
tion, and  opens   sir  Bertram's  eyes  to 


'*  see  ten  thousand  merits,**  a  K"^^  'o' 
every  pound. — Cumberland,  Tho  Jew 
(1776). 

Ber'tram  (Cw«n<),  an  outlaw,  who  be- 
comes the  leader  of  a  baad  of  robbers. 
Being  wrecked  on  the  coast  of  Sicily,  he 
is  conveyed  to  the  castle  of  lady  Imogine, 
and  in  her  he  recognizes  an  old  sweetheart 
to  whom  in  his  prosperous  days  he  was 
greatlv  attached.  Her  husband  (St.  Aldo- 
brand),  who  was  away  at  first,  returning 
unexpectedly  is  murdered  by  Bertram ; 
Imogine  goes  mad  and  dies;  and  Bertram 
puts  an  end  to  his  own  life. — C  Maturin, 
Bertram  (1782-1826). 

Bertram  {Mr,  Oodfrey)^  the  laird  of 
Ellangowan. 

Mrs,  Bertram,  his  wife. 

Harry  Bertram,  aliat  captain  Yan- 
beest  Brown,  alias  Dawson,  allot 
Dudley,  son  of  the  laird,  and  heir  to 
Ellangowan.  Harry  Bertram  is  in  love 
with  Julia  Mannering,  and  the  novel 
concludes  with  his  tMung  possession  of 
the  old  house  at  EUengowan  and  marrying 
Julio. 

L%icy  Bertram,  sister  of  Harry  Bertram. 
She  marries  Charles  Hazlewood,  son  of 
sir  Robert  Hazlewood,  of  Hazlewood. 

&r  Allen  Bertram,  of  Ellangowan,  an 
ancestor  of  Mr.  Godfrey  Bertram. 

Dennis  Bertram,  Donohoe  Bertram,  and 
Lewis  Bertram,  ancestors  oi  Mr.  Godfrey 
Bertram. 

Captain  Andrew  Bertram,  a  relative  of 
the  family.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Ouy  Man- 
nering  (time,  George  II.). 

Bertram,  the  English  minstrel,  and 
guide  of  lady  Augusta  Berkel}',  when  in 
disguise  she  calls  herself  the  minstrel's 
son.— Sir  W.  Scott,  CoMtie  Dangerous 
(time,  Henry  I.). 

Ber'tram,  one  of  the  conspirators 
against  the  republic  of  Venice.  Having 
**a  hesitating  softness,  fatal  to  a  ^reat 
enterprise,"  be  betrayed  the  conspiracy 
to  the  senate.  —  Byron,  Marino  Faliero 
(1819). 

Bertra'mo,  the  fiend-father  of 
Robert  le  Diable.  After  alluring  his 
son  to  gamble  away  all  his  property,  he 
meets  him  near  St.  Ire'ng,  and  Herens 
seduces  him  to  join  in  "the  Dance  of 
Love."  When  at  last  Bertmmo  comes  tu 
claim  his  victim,  he  is  resisted  by  Alice 
(the  duke'i  foster-sister),  who  reads  to 
Robert  his  mother's  will.  Being  thus 
reclaimed,  angels  celebrate  tite  tiiuii|^ 


BEBTRAND. 


106 


BfinQUS. 


of  good  orer  evil. — ^Meyerbeer,  Roberto  U 
Diavaio  (an  open,  1831). 

BertrancU  a  simpleton  and  a  villain. 
He  is  the  accomplice  of  Robert  Macaire, 
a  libertine  of  onblushing  impudence,  who 
lins  without  compunction. — Daomier, 
VAiAerge  des  Adrets, 

Bertrand  du  Queslin,  a  romance 
of  chivalry,  reciting  the  adventures  of 
this  cofin^bftble  de  France,  in  the  reign  of 
GharieaY. 

Bertrand  du  Gusdin  w  priton.  The 
prince  of  Wales  went  to  visit  his  captive 
Bertiand,  and  asking  him  how  he  fared, 
the  Frenchman  replied,  "Sir,  I  have 
heard  the  mice  and  the  rats  this  many  a 
day,  but  it  is  long  since  I  heard  the  song  of 
birds,'*  t.tf.  I  have  been  long  a  c^tive 
and  have  not  breathed  the  freui  air. 

The  reply  of  Bertrtnd  du  Gneslin 
calls  to  mind  that  of  Douglas,  called 
"The  Good  sir  James,**  the  companion 
of  Robert  Bruce,  "  It  is  better,  I  ween, 
to  hear  the  lark  sing  than  the  mouse 
cheep,**  i.e.  It  is  better  to  keep  the  open 
field  than  to  be  shut  up  in  a  castle. 

Bertnlphe  (2  sylX  provost  of  Bruges, 
the  son  of  a  serf.  By  his  genius  and 
energy  he  became  the  richest,  most 
honoured,  and  most  powerful  man  in 
Bruges.  His  arm  was  strong  in  fight,  his 
wisdom  swayed  tiie  council,  his  step  was 
prond,  and  lus  eye  untamed.  He  had  one 
child,  most  dearly  beloved,  the  bride  of 
sir  Bouchard,  a  kni^t  of  noble  descent. 
Charles  "tilie  Good,**  earl  of  Flanders, 
made  a  law  (1127)  that  whoever  married 
a  serf  should  become  a  serf,  and  that  seilb 
were  serfs  till  manumission.  By  tiiese 
absurd  decrees  Bertulphe  the  provost,  his 
daughter  Constance,  and  his  knightly 
son-in-law  were  all  serfs.  The  result  was 
tiiat  the  provost  slew  the  earl  and  then 
himself,  his  dau^ter  went  mad  and  died, 
and  Bouchard  was  slain  in  fight.— S. 
Knowles,  The  Pnyoost  of  Bruges  (1836). 


(2  8yL)y  the  favourite 
attendant  of  lady  Ermengarde  (3  syL) 
of  Baldrin^iam,  great-aunt  of  lady 
EvcUne  "the  betrothed.*'— Sir  W. 
Scott,  The  Betrothed  (time,  Henry  II.). 

Ber'yl  Mol'osane  (3  ^/.),  the 
lady-love  of  George  Geith.  All  bMuty, 
love,  and  sunshine.  She  has  a  heart  for 
every  one,  is  ready  to  help  every  one,  and 
is  by  every  one  beloved,  yet  her  lot  is 
most  painfully  unhappy,  and  ends  in  an 
early  death.— F.  6.  Trafford  [J.  H.  Rid- 
ddll,  George  GeUk. 


Beso'nian  (^),  a  scoundrel.  From 
the  Italian,  btaognosOy  "a  needy  person, 
a  beggar." 

Proud  lords  do  tumbto  from  Um  town  of  their  Iiigb 
dMoeats;  and  be  trod  under  feet  of  vmy  hifBrlor  be«>- 
Diao.— ThomM  Naih,  Meree  Pnm§lm»,  kit  BuppU- 
eatton,  ue.  (U0S). 

Be88  (Good  qveen),  Elizabeth  (1533, 
1558-1603). 

BesSj  the  daughter  of  the  "blind 
beggar  of  Bethnal  Green,**  a  lady  by 
birth,  a  sylph  for  beauty,  an  angel  for 
constancy  and  sweetness.  She  was  loved 
to  distraction  by  Wilford,  and  it  turns 
out  that  he  was  the  son  of  lord  Wood- 
ville,  and  Bess  the  daughter  of  lord 
Woodville*s  brother;  so  they  were 
cousins.  Queen  Elisabeth  sanctioned 
their  nuptials,  aud  took  them  under  her 
own  especial  conduct. — S.  Knowles,  The 
Beggar  of  Bethnal  Green  (1834). 

Bess  o'  Bedlam,  a  female  lunatic 
vagrant,  the  male  lunatic  vagrant  being 
called  a  Tom  o*  Bedlam. 

Bessus.  governor  of  Bactria,  who 
seized  Dari'us  (after  the  battle  of  /rbe'la) 
and  put  him  to  death.  Arrian  says,  Alex-> 
andcr  caused  the  nostrils  of  the  regicide 
to  be  slit,  and  the  tips  of  his  ears  to  be 
cut  off.  The  offender  being  then  sent  to 
Ecbat'ftna  in  chains,  was  put  to  death. 

Lol  Benus.  be  that  amde  with  nunderer'a  knjrfe 

And  trurtroQB  hart  acaynet  his  rofal  king. 
With  Waidy  hands  bereft  his  master's  life  . . . 

What  iMoted  bim  bis  false  usorpcd  raygne . . . 
When  like  a  vretebo  led  In  an  Itmi  diayne. 
He  was  nreseated  by  his  dilefest  friende 
Unto  tlie  foes  of  bba  whom  ha  liad  daynet 

T.  BackrlUe.  ii  Mtrromr  Jor  MagUhra^m 
("  The  CompWnt.'  1587). 

Be^suSy  a  cowardly  bragging  captain, 
a  sort  of  Bobadil  or  Vincent  de  la  liosa. 
Captain  Bessus,  having  received  a  chal- 
lenge, wrote  word  back  that  he  could  not 
accept  the  honour  for  thirteen  weeks,  as 
he  had  iilread^  212  duels  on  hand,  but  he 
was  much  gneved  he  could  not  appoint 
an  earlier  day. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher, 
Amg  orNo  King  (1619). 

RodMster  I  despise  for  want  of  wit . . . 
80  often  does  lie  aim,  so  seldom  hit . . . 
Mean  In  each  action,  lead  In  every  limh. 
Manners  themsehrei  are  miachieroiie  in  him . . . 
[OhJ  what  a  Bmbos  has  he  always  lived  I 

Diyden,  JEisajr  ttpon  Sattrt. 

B6tique  (2  5^/.)  or  Bea'tioa  (Gra- 
na'da  and  Andalusia),  so  called  from  the 
river  Bsetis  (Guadalqmver),  Ado'am  de- 
scribes this  part  of  Spain  to  Telem'achus 
as  a  veritable  Utopia. — F^nelon,  Aven- 
iures  de  T^l^maqms,  viU.  (1700). 


BETTER  TO  BEIGN  IN  HELL,  ETC.  104 


BEVIL. 


Better  to  Beign  in  Hell  than 
Serve  in  Heaven. — Milton,  Paradise 
Lost,  i.  263  (1665). 

Julius  Caesar  used  to  say  he  would 
rather  be  the  first  man  in  a  country 
village  than  the  second  man  at  Rome. 

Betty  Dozy.  Captain  Macheath 
says  to  her,  **  Do  vou  drink  as  hard  as 
ever?  You  had  better  stick  to  good 
wholesome  beer ;  for,  in  troth,  Betty, 
strong  waters  will  in  time  ruin  your 
constitution.  You  should  leave  those  to 
your  betters.*' — Gay,  The  Beggar's  OperOj 
u.  1  (1727). 

Betty  Foy,  **the  idiot  mother  of 
an  idiot  boy.''— W.  Wordsworth  (1770- 
1850). 

Bet^  [^EQnt],  servant  in  the  family 
of  sir  'Pertmax  and  lady  McSycophant. 
She  is  a  sly,  prying  tale-bearer,  who 
hates  Constantia  (the  beloved  of  Eger- 
ton  McSycophant),  simply  because  every 
one  else  loves  her.---C.  Mocklin,  The  Man 
of  the  World  (1764). 

Betulbiiun,  Dumsby  or  the  Cape 
of  St.  Andrew,  in  Scotland. 

Hm  northJnflatod  tampatt  foams 
OTflr  Orka'a  or  Becublom's  highest  psak 

Tbomaoo,  The  HmMaon*  ("Autumn,"  17S0). 

Betula  Alba,  common  birch.  The 
Roman  lictors  made  fasces  of  its  branches, 
and  also  employed  it  for  scourging  chil- 
dren, etc.     (Latin,  battUoy  "  to  beat.") 

Tlw  college  porter  brougbt  in  •  huge  qunntity  cS  that 
betuUneous  tree,  n  naUve  of  Britain.  caHed  brtula  aUta, 
which  ftimlsbed  rods  for  the  school— Lord  W.  P.  I^wnoa. 
CWetrMe*.  tto.,  L  4S. 

Beulah,  that  land  of  rest  which  a 
Christian  enjoys  when  his  faith  is  so 
strong  that  he  no  longer  fears  or  doubts. 
Sunday  is  sometimes  so  called.  In 
Bunyan's   allegory  {The  PUgrmCs  Pro- 

S*es8)  the  pilgrims  tarry  in  the  land  of 
eulah  after  &eir  pilgrimage  is  over,  till 
they  are  summoned  to  cross  the  stream 
of  Death  and  enter  into  the  Celestial 
City. 

After  this,  I  beheld  onUl  thej  came  unto  the  Innd  of 
Beulah,  where  the  ion  shineth  night  nnd  day.  Here, 
benmee  ttie/  were  wearr,  they  Iwtook  thenuelve«  awhile 
to  rest :  but  a  little  while  soon  refkwbed  ttiero  liete.  for 
the  belLi  did  lo  ring,  and  the  trumpets  sounded  so  ntelo- 
dionsljr  that  thcjr  could  not  sleep.  ...  In  this  land  the;/ 
heard  nothing,  law  nothing,  smelt  nothing,  tacted 
nothing  that  was  ofTensire.— Bunjran,  TkM  FUgrhn't  Pro- 
grut.  L  (1678). 

Beuves  (1  syl,)  or  BuoVo  of 
Ay'gn[*eniont,  father  of  Malagigi,  and 
uncle  of  Rinaldo.  Treacherously  slain  by 
Gano. — Ariosto,  Orlando  FvHo&o  (1516). 

Beuves    de     Hantone,    French 


""£■ 


form  for  Bevis  of  Southampton  (g.t.;. 
'^Hantone"  is  a  French  corruptiou  >^ 
[South]  ampton. 

Bev'an  {MrJ),  an  American  physician, 
who  befriends  Martin  Chuzzlewit  and 
Mark  Tapley  in  manv  ways  during  their 
stay  in  the  New  World. — C.  Dickens, 
Martin  Chuzzleicit  (1844). 

Bev'erley,  "the  gamester,"  natur- 
ally a  good  man,  but  led  astray  by 
Stukely,  till  at  last  he  loses  everything 
ambling,  and  dies  a  miserable  death. 
Vt,  Beverley,  the  gamester's  wife. 
She  loves  her  husband  fondly,  and  dings 
to  him  in  all  his  troubles. 

Charlotte  Beverley,  in  love  with  Lewson, 
but  Stukely  wishes  to  marrv  her.  She 
loses  all  her  fortune  through  her  brother, 
"the  gamester,"  but  L^son  notwith- 
standing marries  hex, — ^Edward  Moore, 
The  Gamester  (1712-1767). 

Mr.  Young  was  acting  "Beverlef"  with  Mn.  SIddons. 
...  In  the  4lh  act  "  Beverley "  swdhnn  poison ;  and 
when  "  Bates "  conies  in  and  says  to  the  dying  man. 
"  Jarrls  found  you  quarrelling  with  Lawson  In  the  streets 
last  night,"  "  Mrs.  BevariSHr"  replies^  "  Mo.  I  am  sure  he 

did  not"    TbUib  ••Janrto"  adds.  "And  if  I  did ** 

when  "  Mn.  Bereriejr"  InternqM  hfan  with,  "  Tis  fklse, 
old  man ;  they  had  no  quaireL  ..."  In  uttering  tbcse 
words.  Mm  Biddons  gave  soch  a  plewing  shriek  of 
grief  that  Young  was  unable  to  utter  a  word  from  a 
swelling  in  his  throat— Campbell,  W*  ^  Stddoiu, 

Beverley,  brother  of  Clarissa,  and  the 
lover  of  Uolinda  Blandford.  He  is  ex- 
U«mely  jealous,  and  catches  at  trifles 
light  as  air  to  confirm  his  fears ;  but  his 
love  is  most  sincere,  and  his  penitence 
most  humble  when  he  finds  out  how 
causeless  his  suspicions  are.  Belinda  is 
too  proud  to  deny  his  insinuations,  but 
her  love  is  so  deep  that  she  repents  of 
giving  him  a  moment's  pain. — ^A.  Mur- 
phy, All  in  theWrong  (1761). 

Young's  eountenanee  was  equallx  well  adapted  fbr  the 
expression  of  pathos  or  of  pride ;  thus  In  such  parts  as 
"Hatukt"  "Beverley."  "The  Stranger"  ...  he  loolMd 
the  men  he  r^nsented.— JTew  MomOilg  (18SS). 

Bev'il,  a  model  gentleman,  in  Steele's 
Conscious  Lovers, 

Whate'er  can  deck  mankind 
Or  charm  the  heart.  In  generous  Bevll  shewed. 
Thomson,  Tkt  Ssomms  ("  Wbiter,"  UM). 


BevU  (Francis,  Harry,  and  George), 
three  brothers — one  an  M.P.,  another  in 
the  law,  and  the  third  in  the  Guards — ^who, 
unknown  to  each  other,  wished  to  obtain 
in  marriage  the  hand  of  Miss  Grubb,  the 
daughter  of  a  rich  stock-broker.  The 
M.r.  paid  his  court  to  the  father,  and 
obtained  his  consent;  the  lawyer  paid 
his  court  to  the  mother,  and  obtained  her 
consent ;  the  officer  paid  his  court  to  the 
young  lady,  and  having   obtained   her 


IM 


BIGKEfiTON. 


fBMtnt,  tlie  ether  two  hrothen  letiied 
fram  the  field.— 0*Brieii,  Orou  Pwpoaes. 


the  hone  of  lord  Mumion. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Harmkm  (1808). 

A'm  (.SSr)  of  Soathampton.  Having 
fei^rered  hia  mother,  while  still  a  la(^ 
for  mordering  his  father,  she  employed 
baher  to  kiU  him ;  hut  Saber  only  left 
him  on  a  desert  land  as  a  waif,  and  he  was 
bioaght  np  as  a  shepherd.  Hearing  thai 
his  mother  had  married  Mor'dQre  (2  «2f/.)) 
the  adelterer,  he  Ibreed  his  way  into  the 
marriage  hail  and  sCrock  at  Mordnre ;  bat 
Moffdue  slipped  aside,  and  escaped  the 
blow.  Berts  was  now  sent  out  of  the 
coon^,  and  being  sold  to  an  Armenian, 
WM  nesented  to  the  king.  Jos'ian,  the 
kings  daughter,  fell  in  love  with  him ; 
they  were  doly  married,  and  Bevis  was 
kmiFktfd  Having  slain  the  boar  which 
maoe  holes  in  the  earth  as  big  as  that 
iate  which  Cnrtias  leant,  he  was  ap- 
pointed general  of  the  Armenian  forces, 
•obdoed  Biandamond  of  Damascus,  and 
saade  Damascus  tributary  to  Armenia. 
Bemg  sent,  on  a  future  occasion,  as  am- 
bassador to  Damascus,  he  was  thrust  into 
s  (ffison,  where  were  two  huge  serpents ; 
these  he  slew,  and  tiien  effected  his 
csc^ie.  His  next  encounter  was  with 
Ascupait  the  giant,  whom  he  made  hb 
ilave.  Lastly,  he  slew  the  great  dragon 
of  Celeia,  and  then  returned  to  England, 
where  he  was  restored  to  his  lands  and 
titles.  The  French  call  him  Beuves  de 
ffamtome,  —  M.  Diayton,  Poiyolbion,  ii. 
(1612). 

lie  Sword  of  Betfia  of  Scmthampton 
wss  Morglaj,  and  his  $teed  Ar^undel. 
Both  were  given  him  by  his  wife  Josian, 
dsBghtw  of  the  king  of  Armenia. 

Besaliel,  in  the  satire  of  Absalom 

md  AchHopheL,  is  meant  for  the  marquis 

of  Worcester,  afterwards  duke  of  B«ui- 

foft.    As  Bczaliel,  the  famous  artificer, 

"was  filled  with  the  Spirit  of  God  to 

devise  exeellent  works  in  every  kind  of 

woricmanship,"  so   on   the   marquis   of 

Worcester — 

•  •  .  49  Ims^t  Kstnv  BMpM  hcf  iton^ 
Tbmm  wum  aaMacd  ior  «ru  to  give  blin  mom 

DiTdtn  Md  Ihte.  part  IL 

Beso'nian,  a  beggar,  a  rustic. 
(Italian,  hiMogmtiOy  '*  necessitous.") 


iu 


uficn  of  tk*  earth.  ludi  ••«•  call  *«•• 
la  Fnuiea.  fmmHt»:  la  Spahie, 


Biaa'ca,  the  younger  daughter   of 
Baptista  of  Plsd'ua,  aa  gentle  and  meek 


as  her  sister  Katherine  was  violent  and 
irritable.  As  it  was  not  likelv  any  one 
would  marry  Katherine  *'  the  shrew,'*  the 
father  resolved  that  Bianca  should  not 
marry  before  her  sister.  Petruchio  mar- 
ried **the  shrew,**  and  then  Lncentio 
married  Bianca.— -Shakespeare,  Tammg 
of  the  Shrew  (1594). 

Bktn'ooL  a  courtezan,  the  **  almost  ** 
wife  of  Cassio.  lago,  speaking  of  the 
lieutenant,  says : 

And  what  vas  h«t 

Oaa  Mkhad  Ghalo,  aPl9f«nllaa, 
A  Wlow  afawMt  damo'd  In  a  bir  wtfci 


Bian'cay  wife  of  Fazio.  When  her 
husband  wantons  with  the  marchioness 
Aldabella,  Bianca,  out  of  jealousy,  ac- 
cuses him  to  tho  duke  of  Florence  of 
bein^  priv^  to  the  death  of  Bartol'do. 
an  old  miser.  Fazio  being  condemned 
to  death,  Bianca  repents  of  ncr  rashness, 
and  tries  to  save  ner  husband,  but  not 
succeeding,  goes  mad  and  dies. — Dean 
MUman,  Fano  (1815). 

Bibbet  {Matter)^  secretary  to  major- 
general  Harrison,  one  of  the  parliamentary 
commissioners. — Sir  Vf.  Scott,  Woodstock 
(time,  Commonwealth). 

Bibbie'na  (VOt  cmrdinal  Bernardo, 
who  resided  at  Bibbiena,  in  Tuscanv. 
He  was  the  author  of  Calandra,  a  comedy 
(1470-1620). 

''Bible"  Butler,  alias  Stephen 
Butler,  grandfather  of  Reuben  Butler 
the  presbyteriaa  minister  (married  to 
Jeanie  Deans).— Sir  W.  Scott,  JJoart  of 
Midlothian  (tune,  George  II.). 

Biblis,  a  woman  who  fell  in  love 

with     her    brother    Cannus,    and    was 

changed  into  a  fountain  near  Mile'tus. — 

Ovid,  Met,  ix.  662. 

Kot  that  [/(NHrtata]  whan  Blhlb  dropt.  too  fon^ir  lithC 
lUr  taan  aiid  ttU  majr  dare  eoonpart  with  this. 

thin.  FMdMT,  Th*  Purtth  iiimmd,  r.  (UB). 

Bib'ulus,  a  colleague  of  Julius  Cssar, 
but  a  mere  cipher  in  office;  hence  his 
name  became  a  household  word  for  a 
nonentity. 

BiclLerstaff  {haac)y  a  pseudonym 
of  dean  Swift,  assumed  in  the  paper- war 
with  Partridge,  the  almanao-maker,  and 
subsequently  adopted  by  Steele  in  The 
TatieVf  which  was  announced  as  edited 
by  **  Isaac  BiokerstafT,  Bsq.,  astrologer." 

Biokerton  {Mrs^,  landlady  of  the 
Seven  Stars  inn  of  York,  where  Jeanie 
Deans   stops   on   her  way   to   London, 


BID  ME  DISCOURSE. 


106 


BILBIUS. 


whither  she  is  going  to  plead  for  1 
Bister^s  pardon.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Heart 
Midlothuin  (time,  George  II.). 

Bid  Me  Discourse  .  .  .  The  words 
of  this  celebrated  song  are  taken  froni 
Shakespeare's  poem  called  Venu$  and 
Adonis,  25.    Music  by  Bishop. 

Bid'denden  Maids  (^^)»  t^jo 
sisters  named  Mary  and  Elizabeth  Chulk- 
hurst,  bom  at  Biddenden  in  1100.  They 
were  joined  together  by  the  shoulders 
and  hips,  and  lived  to  the  age  of  84. 
Some  say  that  it  was  Mary  and  Eliza- 
beth Chulkhurst  who  left  twenty  ajres 
of  land  to  the  poor  of  Biddenden.  This 
tenement  is  aUled  "Bread  and  Cheese 
Land,"  because  the  rent  derived  from 
it  is  distributed  on  Easter  Sunday  in 
doles  of  bread  and  cheese.  Halstead 
says,  in  his  History  of  Kent,  that  it  was 
the  gift  of  two  maidens  named  Preston, 
and  not  of  the  Biddenden  Maids. 

Biddy,  servant  to  Wopsltfs  great- 
aunt,  who  kept  an  "  educational  institu- 
tion." A  good,  honest  girl,  who  falls  in 
love  with  Pip,  was  loved  by  Dolge 
Oriick,  but  married  Joe  Gargery.— C. 
Dickens,  Great  Expectations  (1860). 

Biddy  [Bellair]  (Miss),  "  Mias  in 
her  teens,"  in  love  with  captain  Loveit. 
She  was  promised  in  marriage  by  her 
aunt  and  guardian  to  an  elderly  man 
whom  she  detested;  and  during  the 
absence  of  captain  Loveit  in  the  Flanders 
war,  she  coquetted  with  Mr.  Fribble  and 
captain  Flash.  On  the  return  of  her 
"Strephon,"  she  set  Fribble  and  Flash 
together  by  the  cars;  and  while  they 
stood  menacing  each  other  but  afraid  to 
fight, .  captain  Loveit  entered  and  sent 
them  both  to  the  right-about. — D.  Gar- 
rick,  Miss  in  Her  Teens  (1753). 

Bideford  Postman  (7%^).  Edward 
Capem,  a  poet,  at  one  time  a  letter- 
carrier  in  Bideford  (3  syL), 

Bide-the-Bent  {Mr.  Peter),  minis- 
ter of  Wolfs  Hope  village.— Sir  W. 
Scott,  Bride  of  Laimneniwor  (time, 
William  III.). 

Bid'more  {Lord),  patron  of  the  Rev. 
Josiah  Cargill,  minister  of  St.  Ronan's. 

The  Hon,  Attgustus  Bidmore,  son  of 
lord  Bidmore,  and  pupil  of  the  Rev. 
Josiah  Cargill. 

Miss  Awjusta  Bidmore,  daughter  of 
lord  Bidmore;  beloved  by  the  Rev. 
Josiah  Cargill.— Sir  W.  Scott,  St.  Bo- 
man's  Well  (time,  George  III.). 


Bie'derman  (Arnold),  aiuu  oonnt 
Arnold  of  Geierstein  [Gt\er.gtint\]»a' 
dam  man  of  Unterwalden.  Anne  of  Geier- 
stein, his  brother's  daughter,  b  under  his 
charge. 
Bertha  Biederman,  Arnold's  late  wife, 
Bu'diger    Biederman,    Arnold   Bieder- 

man*s  son. 

Ernest  Biederman,  brother  of  Rudiger. 

J^ismund  Biederman,  nicknamed  "The 
Simple,"  another  brother. 

Zurich  Biederman,  yoangeat  of  the 
four  brothers.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Anne  of 
Geierstein  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Bi-forked  Ijetter  of  the  Greeks. 
T  (capital  U),  which  resembles  a  bird 
flying. 

rrft«  Mnfa]  fljrInB.  write  apon  the  ilqr 
Bm  bl-torkad  letter  of  the  Qreelu. 

LmiffoUow.  The  WagaSd*  inn  (pralude). 

Bi'firost,  the  bridge  which  spans 
heaven  and  earth.  The  rainbow  is  this 
bridge,  and  its  colours  are  attributed  to 
the  precious  stones  which  bostud  it. — 
Scdwiinavian  Myth, 

Blff-en'dians  (The),  a  hypothetical 
religious  party  of  Lilliput,  who  made  it 
a  matter  of  "  faith  "  to  break  their  eggs 
at  the  "  big  end."  Those  who  broke 
them  at  the  other  end  were  considered 
heretics,  and  called  LittU'endians. — 
Dean  Swift,  Gulliver's  Travels  (1726). 

Biar'low  (Hosea),  the  feigned  author 
of  The  Biylow  Papers  (1848),  really  writ- 
ten by  Professor  James  Russell  Lowell 
of  Boston,  Mass.  (1819-        ). 

Bifir'Ot  (De),  seneschal  of  prince 
John.— -Sir  Walter  Soott,  Jvanhoe  (time 
Richard  I.). 

Biq'ot,  in  C.  Umb's  Essays,  is  John 
Fenwick,  editor  of  the  Albioti  newspaper. 

Big-Sea-Water,  lake  Superior,  also 
called  GitchS  Gu'mee. 

Forth  upon  the  Gitdie  Omnct, 
On  Uie  •blnlug  Bi«-8ca- Water  .  .  . 
AU  iilone  vent  Hiawatha.  ,     ^,. 

LongfeUow.  BioftiKatha,  rllL 

Bilander,  a  boat  used  in  coast  navi- 
gation \^By-land.cr], 

Whj  chooee  we  then  ttke  bOanden  to  oreep 
Along  the  ooait.  and  land  In  view  to  keep. 
When  tafebr  we  may  launch  into  the  deepf 

DiTdeu.  Bind  and  ikt  PanAmr. 

BilTbilis,  a  river  in  Spain.  The  high 
temper  of  the  best  Spanish  blades  is  du« 
to  the  extreme  coldness  of  this  river,  into 
which  they  are  dipped. 

Help  me.  I  pray  ww.  to  a  Spen^  iword. 
Ihe  trustiest  blade  that  e'er  in  BUbUia 
Waadlpt.  .  ^  „-,^ 

floutlMar.  Bodtridt,  etc.,  or.  (U14». 


BILBO. 


107      BIRD  SINGING  TO  A  MONK. 


Bilbo,  A  Spaniflh  blade  noted  for  its 
flexibility,  and  so  csJled  from  Bilba'o, 
wbere  at  one  time  the  best  blades  were 


Bilboes  (3  ayl.)^  a  bar  of  iron  with 
faten  annexed  to  it,  by  which  mutinous 
itilorB  were  at  one  time  linked  together. 
8ome  of  the  bilboes  taken  from  the 
Spaidsh  Armada  are  preserved  in  the 
British  Muaenm.  They  are  so  called  not 
because  they  were  first  made  at  Bilba'o,  in 
Sfiain,  bat  from  the  oatanglements  of  the 
rirer  on  which  Bilbao  stands.  These 
"^  entanglements  **  are  called  The  Bilboes, 
Besomont  and  Fletcher  compare  the  mar- 
nsge  knot  to  bilboes. 

Bil'dai  (2  syL).  a  seraph  and  the 
tutelar  guardian  of  Matthew  the  apostle, 
tfae  son  of  wealthy  parents  and  brought 
op  in  great  Inxory. — Klopstock,  The 
Mcs9iaA,  iU.  (1748). 

Billings  (Josh,).  A.  W.  Shaw  so 
ngtts  HiTBook  of  Saymgt  (1866). 

Billingsgate  (8  syL).  Beling  was 
s  friend  of  **  Brennos  **  the  Ganl,  who 
owned  a  wharf  called  Beling's-gatc. 
Geoffrev  of  Monmouth  derives  uie  word 
from  Belin,  a  mythical  king  of  the 
ancient  Britons,  who  **  built  a  gate  there, 
B.C.  400 -(1142). 

Billy  Barlow,  a  merry  Andrew,  so 
esUed  from  a  semi-idiot,  who  fancied 
kimself  **a  fteaX  potentate."  He  was 
well  known  u  the  east  of  London,  and 
died  in  Whitediapel  workhouse.  Some 
•f  his  sa^ttgs  were  really  witty,  and 
■ome  of  his  attitudes  truly  farcicaL 

Billy  Black,  the  connndmm-maker. 
-^TheHwdred-pouMd  Note, 


WkM  KiddtT  WW  Ptaqrtaff  "mOr  Bfawk"  at  ObdaM* 
Iwl  k* alvuned  to &«Iishti at  ttw  ekM  of  th»vieom. 
Mrf  aU.  "  fvc  amt  mocv.  and  tbii  is  •  food  on.  Wkj  to 
"  '  'Brt  Theatre  Ift*  •  hatf-nooa  r  D*]re  glr*  It  upt 
H  to  MV«r  ML'—MtMrdM  ^  m  Bta§t  r«MnM. 


Bimater  {"  tico-mother**),  Baechns 
KB  so  called  because  at  the  death  of  his 
mother  during  gestation,  Jupiter  put  the 
foEtus  into  his  own  thigh  for  the  rest  of 
tike  time,  when  tiie  innmt  Bacchus  was 
duly  bronght  forth. 

Bimbister  {Mcwgery)^  the  old  Ran* 
sclman's  spouse.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
PiraU  (time,  William  III.). 

Bimini  [B«^,me,nee']^  afabnlons  island, 
mid  to  belong  to  the  Baha'ma  group, 
and  containing  a  fountain  possessed  of 
fte  power  ^  restoring    youth.      This  , 
iiland  was  an  object  of  long  search  by   | 


the  Spanish  navigator  Juan  Ponce   de 
Leon  (1460-1521). 

Bindloose  {John),  sheriff's  clerk 
and  banker  at  Marchthom. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
8t,  £onan'8  Well  (time,  George  III.). 

Bingen  (BishM>  of),  generally  cal'ed 
bisho^natto.  Tlie  talc  is  that  during 
a  ^mine,  he  invited  the  poor  to  his  bam 
on  a  certain  day,  under  the  plea  of  dis- 
tributing com  to  them ;  but  when  the 
bam  was  crowded  he  locked  the  door 
and  set  fire  to  the  building;  for  which 
iniquity  he  was  himself  devoured  by  an 
army  of  mice  or  rats.  11  is  castle  is  the 
Mouse-tower  on  the  Rhine. 

Tb«x  almoat  deroor  nw  with  \t\mm. 

Their  anna  aboat  nw  anttrbM. 
m  I  think  of  the  btohop  of  BiiMM. 

la  U»  Mome-tower  on  the  Bhuie. 

Binlcs  {Sir  Bingo),  a  fox-hunting 
baronet,  ana  visitor  at  the  Spa. 

Lady  Binks,  wife  of  sir  Bingo,  but 
before  marriage  Miss  Rachael  Bonny- 
rigg. Visitor  at  the  Spa  with  her  hus- 
band.—Sir  W.  Scott,  St,  JUman*8  Well 
(time,  C^orge  ill.), 

Bi'on,  the  rhetorician,  noted  for  his 
acrimonious  and  sharp  sajrings. 

Blottto  MnnonlbtM  at  lato  nigro. 

Horaoe.  £ptit.  IL  S.  SOL 

BiondellOy  one  of  the  servants  of 
Lucentio  the  futnre  husband  of  Bianca 
(sister  of  "the  shrew").  His  fellow- 
servant  is  Tra'nio. — Shakespeare,  Taming 
of  the  Shrew  (1694). 

Birch  (Harvey),  a  prominent  cha- 
racter in  The  Spy,  a  novel  by  J.  F. 
Cooper. 

Birch'over  I«ane  (London),  so 
called  from  Birchover,  the  builder,  who 
owned  the  houses  there. 

Bird  {The  Little  Oreen),  of  the  frozen 
regions,  which  could  reveal  every  secret 
and  impart  information  of  events  past, 
present,  or  to  come.  Prince  Chery  went 
m  search  of  it  so  did  his  two  cousins, 
Brightsun  and  Felix ;  last  of  all  Fairstar, 
who  succeeded  in  obtaining  it,  and  libe- 
rating the  princes  who  nad  failed  in 
their  attempts.  —  Comtesse  D'Aunoy, 
Ihiry  Tales  (^*  Princess  Chery,"  1682). 

TMs  tale  is  a  mere  reproduction  of 
"The  Two  Sisters,"  the  last  tale  of  the 
Aralnan  Nights,  in  which  the  bird  is 
called  "  Bulbul-hezar,  the  tolking  bird." 

Bird  Singing  to  a  Konk.  The 
monk  was  Felix. — Longfellow,  Oolden 
Legend,  ii. 


BIRD  TOLD  ME. 


108 


BIRON. 


Bird  Told  ULe  (A  LUtle).  '<Abird 
of  the  tax  shall  cany  the  voice,  and  that 
-which  hath  wings  shall  tell  the  matter  *' 
(EccUs,  X.  20).  Id  the  old  Basque 
legends  a  "little  bitd"  is  iDtroduced 
**  which  tells  the  truth.*'  The  sisters  had 
deceived  the  king  by  assuring  him  that 
his  first  child  was  a  oat^  his  second  a  do*/, 
and  his  third  a  bisar ;  but  the  *'litue 
bird"  told  him  the  truth— the  first  two 
were  daughters  and  the  third  a  son. 
This  little  truth-telling  bird  appears  in 
sundry  tales  of  great  antiquity ;  it  is 
introduced  in  the  tale  of  "Princess 
Fairstar"  (Comtesse  D^Aunoy)  as  a 
"  little  green  bird  who  tells  everything : " 
also  in  Uie  Arabian  Nujhts  (the  last  tole, 
called  "  The  Two  Sisters"). 

I  think  I  b«r  •  Uttle  Mnl  who  ili«i 

lb*  iMoplt  br-aiid-by  wOl  b*  tht  itroaffOT. 

When  Kenelm  or  Cenhelm  was  mur- 
dered by  the  order  of  his  sister  Cwen- 
thryth.  **  at  the  very  same  hour  a  white 
dove  dew  to  Rome,  and,  lighting  on  the 
high  altar  of  St.  Peter's,  deposited  there 
a  Tetter  containing  a  full  account  of  the 
murder."  So  the  pope  sent  men  to  ex- 
amine into  the  matter,  and  a  chapel  was 
built  over  the  dead  body,  called  "St. 
Kenelm's  Oiapel  to  thU  day"  (Shrop- 
shire). 

Bire'no,  the  lover  and  subsenuent 
husband  of  Olympia  queen  of  Holland. 
He  was  taken  prisoner  by  Cymosco  king 
of  Friza,  but  was  released  by  Orlando. 
Bireno,  having  forsaken  Oljrmpia,  was 
put  to  death  by  Oberto  king  of  Ireland, 
who  married  the  ^'oung  widow. — ^Ariosto, 
Orlando  FuriosOy  i v.  v.  (1616). 

Bire'no  {Ihtke)^  heir  to  the  crown  of 
Lombardy.  It  was  the  king's  wish  he 
should  marry  Sophia,  hb  only  child^  bat 
the  princess  loved  Pal'adore  (3  s^/.),  a 
Briton.  Bireuo  had  a  mistress  named 
Alin'da,  whom  he  induced  to  personate 
the  princess,  and  in  P&ladore's  presence 
she  cast  down  a  rope-ladder  for  the  duke 
to  climb  up  by.  Bireno  has  Alinda 
murdered  to  prevent  the  deception  being 
known,  and  accuses  the  princess  of  in- 
chastity — a  crime  in  Lombardy  punished 
by  death.  As  the  princess  is  led  to 
execudon,  Palodore  challenges  the  duke, 
and  kills  him.  Tiie  villainy  is  fully  re- 
vealed, and  the  princess  is  married  to  the 
man  of  her  choice,  who  had  twice  saved 
hei  life. — Robert  Jephson,  The  Law  of 
/.ombardy  (1779). 

Birmingham  of  Belgium,  Uhge, 


Birmingham  of  Bussia^  Tola, 
south  of  Moscow. 

Birmingham  Poet  (7^)«  John 
Freeth,  the  wit,  poet,  and  publican,  wlio 
wrote  his  own  songs,  set  them  to  music, 
and  sang  them  (1730-1808). 

Biron^  a  merry  mad-cap  youn^  lord, 
in  attendance  on  Ferdinand  king  of 
Navarre.  Biron  promised  to  spend  three 
years  with  the  king  in  stiuly,  daring  which 
time  no  woman  was  to  apiuroach  his 
court ;  but  no  sooner  has  he  signed  tho 
oompa*^  than  he  falls  in  love  with 
Rosaline.  Rosaline  defers  his  suit  for 
twelve  months  and  a  day,  saving,  "  If 
you  my  favour  mean  to  get,  for  twelve 
months  seek  the  weaiy  beds  of  people 
sick." 

AimXTlH-BMII. 

WltUn  tb*  limit  of  twooninc  ■drth, 
I  Dcver  ipcnt  an  hour's  talk  vitfaaL 
Hit  eye  besrt*  oecMluD  for  ills  wit: 
For  ererjr  object  (bat  the  one  doth  (mtcb, 
Tb«  other  tunu  to  a  mirth-moriag  J«it ; 
Wbkh  hia  fair  tongue  (eoaeelt'e  expodcat) 
Deliven  in  mcb  apt  and  smdoiH  wordi. 
That  aged  ears  plax  tmaut  at  hk  tales. 
And  yiMiDger  ttouingi  are  quita  raviabied. 
Bkmkmfmn,  Itm^  Imhimr't  Lott,  act  tL  •&  1  (USD. 

Biron  {Charles  de  Oontattt  due  de)^ 
creatly  beloved  by  Henri  IV.  of  France. 
He  won  immortal  laurels  at  the  battles  of 
Arques  and  Ivry,  and  at  the  si^res  of 
Paris  and  Rouen.  The  king  loaded  him 
with  honours :  he  was  admiral  of  France, 
marshal,  governor  of  Bourgoyne,  duke 
and  peer  of  France.  This  too-much 
honour  made  him  forget  himself,  and  he 
entered  into  a  league  with  SjMin  and 
Savoy  against  his  country.  The  plot 
was  discovered  by  I^iln ;  and  alUiou|^ 
Henri  wished  to  pardon  him,  he  was 
executed  (1G02,  a^ed  40).  George  Chap- 
man has  made  him  the  subject  of  two 
tragedies,  entitled  Byron's  Conspiracy 
and  Byron's  Tragedy  (1567-1634). 

BiroHf  eldest  son  of  count  Baldwin, 
who  disinherited  him  for  marrying  Isa- 
bella, a  nun.  Biron  now  entered  the 
army  and  was  sent  to  the  siege  of  Candy, 
where  he  fell,  and  it  was  supposed  died. 
After  the  lapse  of  seven  years,  Isabella, 
reduced  to  abject  poverty,  married 
Villeroy  (2  syL),  but  the  day  after  her 
espousals  Biron  returned ;  whereupon 
Isabella  went  mad  and  lulled  herself. 
— Thomas  Southern,  Isabella  or  the  Fatal 
Marriage. 


During  ttie  absence  of  the  elder  M^ready.  Ua  mm  look 
the  part  of  "  nrun"  in  Imbtllu,  The  tatbar  wm  flbodied. 
because  tie  desired  his  son  for  the  Chorcb ;  but  Mrs.  Smi< 
dons  remarked  to  bini,  "In  the  Cbordi  jrour  am  »UI 
lire  and  dio  a  curate  on  MO  a  year,  but  if  iia  i  lasftii  tha 
stage  «rill  bring  bim  in  a  thogjand."— Donaldson,  /cwoi* 


BIBON. 


109 


BLACK  A6NE9. 


^■rvA    (Barrici)t    the    ol^ect   of   sir 
Quurlet  Giandiaoo**  affectaons. 


Om 


dal  Totem  to  MIm  BfnNi  as 
aeqaafated  with  Um  uabM*, 


Birth.  It  was  loid  Thurlow  who 
called  hiffa  birth  '*the  accident  of  an 
■cddent.^ 

BirthA)  tha  moftheriew  daughter  and 

AnlT  diild  of    As'tra^on  the    Lombard 

phiiosopher.      In    spnng    she   gathered 

btuwoms  for  ber  father's  still,  in  antamn 

berries,  and  in  snmmer  flowns.    She  fell 

in   love    with    doke   Gondibert,  whose 

wooads  she  assisted  her  father  to  heal. 

Birtha,  "  in  love  unpractised  and  unread,** 

is  the  beao-ideai  of  innocence  and  pnri^ 

of  mind.     Gondibert  had  just  plighted 

his  love  to  her  when  he  was  summoned  to 

eooft,  for  king  Aribert  had  proclaimed 

hnn  his  snooessor  and  future  son-in-law. 

Gondibert     assored     Birtha   he     would 

remain   tme    to  her,  and  gave  her  an 

cmuald  ring  which  he  told  her  would 

lose  its  lustre  if  he  proved  untrue.    Here 

the  tale  breaks  off,  and  as  it  was  never 

IniAed  the  seqael  is  not   known. — Sir 

W.  Davenaat,  Gondibert  (died  1668). 

Biae,  a  wind  prevalent  in  tiiose 
Tslleys  of  Savoy  which  open  to  the  sea. 
It  especially  affects  the  nervous  system. 


formerly  called  U'tica,  in 
The  Sarsoens  passed  from 
Bisefta  to  Spain,  and  Charlemagne  in 
100  ondertook  a  war  against  the  Spanish 
Saacens.  The  Spanish  historians  asseit 
that  he  was  rooted  at  Fontarabia  (a 
■bong  town  in  Biscay]) ;  but  the  French 
■sintain  th*t  he  was  victorious,  although 
they  allow  tbat  the  rear  of  his  army  was 
cat  to  pieces. 

Or«lMim  VikmtM  mot  tnmAMe  titan, 
Wlna  CImrlamlB  wtta  an  hli  pev^B  Ml 
B^PoatwaHa. 

-"         -        -       -       L98S(U 


Bishop.  Burnt  milk  is  called  by 
Tnsser  **  milk  that  the  bishop  doth  ban.^ 
Tyndale  says  when  milk  or  porridge  is 
bonit  ^*we  sajrethe  bishope  hath  put  his 
fote  in  the  potte,"  and  explains  it  thivi, 
^the  bishopes  bum  whom  they  lust." 


lops.  The  seren  who  refused 
to  read  tne  declaration  of  indulgence 
Dubltahed  by  James  II.  and  were  by 
liffl  imprisoned  for  recusancy,  were  arch- 
bishop Sancroft  (CanteHmry)^  bishops 
Uovd  (St.  Amph),  Turner  (JCfy),  Kew 
(BatA  amd  WetU),  White  {Peterborough)^ 
Lake  {Chichester),  TreUwney  {Bristol), 


Being    tried,   they   were  all   acquitted 
(June,  1688). 

Biahop  Mtddleham,  who  was 
always  declaiming  against  ardent  drinks, 
and  advocating  water  as  a  beverage, 
killed  himself  by  secret  intoxication. 

Biato'nians,  the  Thradans,  so  called 
from  Biston  Tson  of  Mars),  who  built 
Bisto'nia  on  Iske  Bis'tonis. 

So  tiM  Btatoakui  IBM.  a  ■■iHwlwg  tMla, 
Ink  and  ivtcl  «a  tba  Tknfdaapialn. 

rUt»  Statimi,  n. 

Bit'elas  (8  sulX  sister  of  FairUmb, 
and  dan^ter  of  Rnkonaw  the  ape,  in 
the  beasi-epie  ealled  Reynard  the  Fox 
(1498). 

Bi'tinff  Bemark  (A),  Near'chos 
ordered  Ze'no  the  philosopher  to  be 
pounded  to  deadi  in  a  mortac  When  be 
had  been  pounded  some  time,  he  told 
Nearchos  he  had  an  important  com- 
munication to  make  to  him,  but  as  the 
tyrant  bent  over  the  mortar  to  hear  what 
he  had  to  say,  Zeno  bit  off  his  ear. 
Hence  the  proverb,  A  remark  more  biting 
than  Zcno's, 

Bit'tlebrains  (Lord),  friend  of 
sir  William  Ashton,  lord-keeper  of  Scot* 
land. 

Lady  Bittlebraina^  wife  of  the  above 
lord.—Sir  W.  Scott,  Bride  of  Lammer- 
moor  (time,  William  III.). 

Bit'sier,  light  porter  in  Bonnderby^s 
bank  at  Coketown.  He  was  educated  at 
M*Choakumchild*s  "practical  school,'* 
and  became  a  general  spy  and  informer. 
Bitzer  finds  out  the  robbery  of  the  bank, 
and  discovers  the  perpetrator  to  be  Tom 
Gradgrind  (son  oi  Thomas  Gradgrind. 
Esq.,  M.P.),  informs  against  him,  ana 
gets  promoted  to  his  plMC. — C.  Dickens, 
HardTiims  (1864). 


[Be.tar^y  the  friend  of 
Orian'a,  for  ever  coquetting  and  sparring 
with  Duretete  [Dwe.tait]^  and  placing 
him  in  awkward  predicaments. — G.  Far- 
quhar.  The  Inconstant  (1702). 

Mtai  Fkrreot  last  iwtformantaa  w«r«  "  BImrre.*  MarrI* 
S8.  1797.  and  "ladrTaade"  oo  tiie  tmh,—JI»moir$  tf 
Mlhafmth  0fmntM»<^  Dtrbji  (ise). 

Bladk  Ag'nefl,  the  countess  of 
March,  notedfor  her  defence  of  Dunbar 
during  the  war  which  Edward  HI.  main- 
tained in  ScotUnd  (1333-1338). 

Shakept  a  tUr  in  towar  and  trandu 
Tbat  brawling.  bobtVou  SoottiA  wtmM, 
OaoM  I  ourlf .  eamo  I  lata, 
I  found  Blaek  Acnei  at  the  s>ta. 

8b  WaltvSeoCt  «v> :  ^'Tka 


BLACK  AGNES. 


no 


BLACK  PRINCE. 


IsMi '  tram  bar  oomplexkin.  8h<  was  the  dan^ter  of 
tbonuu  Bandolph.  earl  of  Murray ."—fWe*  ttf  a  Orand- 
/atJur.  i.  14.   (See  Black  Prlxcx.) 

Blcick  Ag'nes,  the  faTonrite  pal£rey  of 
Mary  queen  of  Scots. 

Black  Bartholomew,  the  day 
when  2000  presbyterian  pastors  were 
ejected;  They  had  no  alternative  but  to 
subscribe  to  the  articles  of  uniformity  or 
renounce  thoir  livings.  Amongst  tiicir 
number  were  Calamv,  Baxter,  and  Rey- 
nolds, who  were  offered  bishoprics,  bat 
refused  the  offer. 

Black  Bess,  the  famous  mare  of 
Dick  Turpin,  which  carried  him  from 
London  to  York. 

Black  Charlie,  sir  Charles  Napier 
(1786-1860). 

Black  Clergy  (The)^  monks,  in 
contradistinction  to  The  YnUte  Clergy^  or 
parish  priests,  in  Russia. 

Black  Colin  Campbell,  general 
Campbell,  in  the  army  of  George  III., 
introduced  by  sir  W.  Scott  in  Eedyauntlet, 

Black  Death,  fuller  described  by 
Hecker,  a  German  physician.  It  was  a 
putrid  typhus,  and  was  called  Black 
Death  because  the  bodies  turned  black 
with  rapid  putrification. — See  CcmhUl, 
May,  1865. 

In  1348-9,  at  least  half  of  the  entire 
population  of  England  died.  Thus  57,000 
out  of  60,000  died  in  Norwich  ;  7000 
out  of  10,000  died  in  Yarmouth ;  17  out 
of  21  of  the  clergy  of  York  ;  2,500,000 
out  of  5,000,000  of  the  entire  population. 

Between  1347  and  1350,  one-fourth  of 
all  the  population  of  the  world  was 
carried  off  oy  this  pestilence.  Not  less 
than  25,000,000  perished  in  Europe 
alone,  while  in  Asia  and  Africa  the 
mortality  was  even  greater.  It  came 
from  China,  where  fifteen  years  pre- 
viously it  carried  off  5,000,000.  In  Venice 
the  aristocratic,  died  100,000 ;  in  Florence 
the  refined,  60,000;  in  Paris  the  gay, 
50,000  ;  in  London  the  wealthy,  100,000 ; 
in  Avi^on,  a  number  wholly  beyond 
calculation. 

N.B. — ITiis  form  of  pestilence  never 
occurred  a  second  time. 

Black  Douglas,  William  Douglas, 
lord  of  Nithsdale,  who  died  1390. 

He  was  tall,  itroiif .  and  well  made,  of  a  iwarth/  com* 
^exicHi,  with  dark  hair,  from  which  he  wa«  called  "The 
Blark  Douglaa.''--Sir  Walter  Scott.  TalM  ^f  a  9ran4' 
f«Uktr,TtL 

Black  Dwarf  {The),  of  sir  Walter 


Scott,  is  meant  for  David  Ritchie,  whose 
cottage  was  and  still  is  on  Manor  Water, 
in  the  county  of  Peebles. 

Black-eyed  Susan,  one  of  Dibdin's 
sea-songs. 

Black  Flag  (^4)  was  displayed  by 
Tamerlane  when  a  besieged  city  refuseSi 
to  surrender,  meaning  uiat  **  mercy  is 
now  past,  and  the  city  is  devoted  to  otter 
destruction." 

Black  George,  the  gamekeeper  in 
Fielding's  novel,  called  The  History  of 
Tom  Jones^  a  Fowndling  (1750). 

Black  OeorgCy  George  Petrowitfch  of 
Scrvia,  a  brigand ;  called  by  the  Turks 
Kara  Creorge,  from  the  terror  he  in- 
spired. 

Black  Horse  {The\  the  7th Dragoon 
Guards  {not  the  7th  Dragoons).  So 
called  because  their  facings  (or  coUar  and 
cuffs)  are  black  velvet.  Their  plumes 
are  black  and  white ;  and  at  one  time 
their  horses  were  black,  or  at  any  rata 
dark. 

Black  Jack,  a  large  flagon. 

Bat  oh.  oh.  oh  I  bU  oom  doth  diav 
How  oft  Black  Jack  to  his  Upe  doth  »». 

SfmoM  th«  CMmrer. 

Black  Knight  of  the  Black 
Lands  {Tlie),  sir  Peread.  Called  by 
Tennyson  "Night"or"Nox."  Hewasone 
of  the  four  brothers  who  kept  the  passages 
of  Castle  Dangerous,  and  was  overthrown 
by  sir  Gareth. — Sir  T.  Malory,  Histw^  of 
Prmce  Arthur,  i.  126  (1470) ;  Tennyson, 
JdylU  ('*  Gareth  and  Lynette  "). 

Black  lord  ClifTord,  John  ninth 
lord  Clifford,  son  of  Thomas  lord  (^^lifford. 
Also  called  "  The  Butcher"  (died  1461). 

Black  Prince,  Edward  prince  of 
Wales,  son  of  Edward  III.  Froissart 
says  he  was  styled  hktck  "  by  terror  of  his 
arms"  (c.  169).  Similarly,  lord  Clifford 
was  called  "  The  Bhick  Lord  Clifford  "  for 
his  cruelties  (died  1461).  George  Petro- 
witscb  was  called  by  Uie  Turks  '*  Black 
George**  from  the  terror  of  his  name. 
The  countess  of  March  was  called  *'  Black 
Agnes  "  from  the  terror  of  her  deeds,  and 
not  (as  sir  W.  Scott  says)  from  her  dark 
complexion.  Similarly,  "The Black  Sea," 
or  Axinus,  as  the  Greeks  once  called  it, 
received  its  name  from  the  inhospitable 
character  of  *he  Scythians.  The  **  Black 
Wind,"  or  Shcrki,  is  an  easterly  wind,  so 
called  by  the  Kurds,  from  its  being  sudi  a 
terrible  scourge. 


BLACK  RIVER. 


Ill 


BLADUD. 


Siuriej  fUls  into  the  genend  error : 

flUM  Idvacd .  .  .  and  hbbnve  soo  .  . . 
i*rt«M.  Ir.  1  (IMO). 

or  Atba'ba,  of  Africa, 
•0  called  from  the  quantity  of  black  earth 
brought  down  by  it  during  the  rains. 
TMs  earth  ia  deposited  on  the  surface  of 
t2te  eonntiy  in  me  overflow  of  the  Nile, 
and  hence  the  Atbara  is  regarded  as  the 
"  dark  mother  of  Egypt.'* 

Black  Sea  (The)^  once  called  by  the 
Greeks  Ajnmu  (**  inhosi»table  **),  either 
^-ecauae  the  Scyuians  on  its  coast  were 
ichospiuble,  or  because  its  waters  were 
dangerous  to  navigation.  It  was  after- 
wardscalled  £kniuM("  hospitable")  when 
the  Greeks  themselves  became  masters  of 
it.  The  Turks  caUed  it  The  Black  Sea, 
ckher  a  return  to  the  former  name 
"  Axinus,"  or  from  the  abounding  black 
rock. 

Black  Thnreda^,  the  name  given 
in  the  colony  of  Victoria,  Australia, 
to  Thursday^  Febmaiy  6,  1851,  when 
the  most  terrible  bush  fire  known  in  the 
annals  of  the  colony  occurred.  It  raged 
over  an  immense  area.  One  writer  in  the 
newspapers  of  the  time  said  that  he  rode  at 
hesdlong  speed  for  fif^  miles,  with  fire 
nging  on  each  side  of  his  route.  The 
b«at  was  felt  far  out  at  sea,  and  many 
birds  fell  dead  on  tiie  decks  of  coasting 
vfseels.  The  destruction  of  animal  H^ 
and  farming  stock  in  this  conflagration 
vasenormoas. 

Blacks  (Ty),  an  Italian fsction  of  the 
foortccnth  century.  The  Guelphs  of 
Florence  were  divided  into  the  Biacis 
who  wished  to  open  their  gates  to  Qiarles 
de  Yalois,  and  Uie  Whites  who  opposed 
him.  Dantd  the  poet  was  a  "White," 
sad  as  the  ** Blacks"  were  the  pre- 
dominant party,  be  was  exiled  in  1802, 
sad  during  his  exile  wrote  his  immortal 
poem,  the  Divina  Commedia. 

Black'acre  (Widow)^  a  masculine, 
htigioua,  pettifogging,  headstrong  wo- 
n»an.  — Wycherly,  The  Plain  Dealer 
(1677). 

Blackcheeter  {The  countess  of), 
s?ster  of  lord  Da]gamo.>-Sir  W.  Scott, 
Fortw^  vf  Nigel  (time,  James  I.). 

Blackfiriar's  Bridge  (London),  was 
once  caUed  "Pitt's  Bndge."  This  was 
the  bridge  built  by  R.  Mylne  in  1780,  but 
tiie  name  never  fonnd  favour  with  the 
fCMnl  public. 


BlackfiToardB  (Victor  Hugo  says), 
soldiers  condemned  for  some  offence  m 
discipline  to  wear  their  red  coiUs  (which 
were  lined  with  black)  inside  out.  T7ie 
French  equivalent,  he  says,  is  Blaquews, 
— L* Homme  (pU  Bit,  II.  iii.  1. 

It  is  quite  impossible  to  believe  this  to 
be  the  true  derivation  of  the  word. 
Other  suggestions  will  be  found  in  the 
Dictionary  of  Phrase  and  Fable, 

Blackless  (TomeUin),  a  soldier  in  the 
guard  of  Richard  Cceur  de  Lion.— Sir  W. 
Scott,  The  Taiisman  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Blackmantle  (Bernard),  Charles 
Molloy  Westmacott,  author  of  The  English 
Spy  (1826). 

Black'pool  (Stephen),  a  power-loom 
weaver  in  Bonnderby's  mill  at  Ooketown. 
He  had  a  knitted  brow  and  pondering 
expression  of  face,  was  a  man  of  the 
strictest  integrity,  refused  to  join  the 
strike,  and  was  turned  out  of  the  mill. 
When  Tom  Gradgrind  robbed  the  bank  of 
£150,  he  threw  suspicion  on  Stephen 
BUu:kpoo1,  and  while  Stephen  was  hasten- 
ing to  €k)kebum  to  vindicate  himself  he 
fell  into  a  shaft,  known  as  ^the  Uell 
Shaft,"  and,  although  rescued,  died  on 
a  litter.  Stephen  Blackpool  loved 
Rachael,  one  of  the  hands,  but  had 
already  a  drunken,  worthless  wife. — 0. 
Dickens,  Hard  Tones  (1854). 

Blacksmith  (The  Flemish),  Qnentin 
Matsys,  the  Dutch  painter  (1460-1529). 

Blacksmith  ( The  Learned),  Elihu  Burritt, 
United  States  (1811-        ). 

Blacksmith's  Daughter  (The), 
lock  and  key. 

PlAc*  it  nndar  the  care  of  Om  "^^mtWi'i  ■fl*"s^»n  — 
C.  DkkeiM.  Tate  <tf  Tvt«  Citiet  (I860). 

Blackwood's  Maffasine.  The 
vignette  on  the  wrapper  of  this  magazine 
b  meant  for  George  Buchanan,  the  Scotch 
historian  and  poet  (1506-1582).  He  is 
the  representative  of  Scottish  literature 
generally. 

The  magazine  originated  in  1817  with 
William  Blackwood  of  Edinburgh,  pub- 
lisher. 

Blad'derskate  (Lord)  and  lord 
Kaimes,  the  two  Judges  in  Peter  Peeble's 
lawsuit.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Bedgauntlet 
(time,  George  III.). 

Blji'dud,  father  of  king  Lear.  Gcof. 
frey  of  Monmouth  says  that  Bladud, 
attempting  to  fly,  fell  on  the  temple  of 
Apollo,  and  vras  dashed  to  pieces.   Hence 


BLAIR. 


US 


BLATANT  BEAST. 


wbepi  Loar  sweus  "By  ApoUo"  he  is 
rominded  that  Apollo  was  no  friend  of 
the  king*s  (act  i.  sc.  1).  Bladud,  says  the 
•tory,  built  Bath  (once  called  Badoo), 
%ad  dedicated  to  Minerva  the  medicinal 
S|/ring,  which  is  called  "  Bladud's  Well." 

Blcdr  (Adam)j  tiie  hero  of  a  novel  by 
J.  G.  Lockhart,  entitled  Adam  BtcUtf  a 
Story  of  Scottish  Life  (1794-1864). 

Blair  {Father  Clement) ^  a  Carthusian 
monk,  confessor  of  Catherine  Glover, 
»'the  fair  maid  of  Perth."— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Fair  Maid  of  Perth  (time,  Henry  lY.). 

Blair  (Hev.  David),  sir  Richard  Philips, 
author  of  The  Univertal  Preceptor  (1816), 
2iot/ier'8  Question  Book,  etc.  He  issued 
books  under  a  legion  of  false  names. 

Blaise,  a  hermit,  who  baptized  Merlin 
the  enchanter. 

Blaise  (St,),  patron  saint  of  wool- 
combers,  because  he  was  torn  to  pieces 
with  iron  combs. 

Slanohe  (l  syL),  one  of  the  domestics 
of  lady  Eveline  «'the  betrothed."— Sir 
W.  Scott,  The  Betrothed  (time,  Henry 
U.). 

Blanche  {La  reine),  the  oueen  of 
France  during  the  first  sist  weess  of  her 
widowhood.  During  this  period  of 
mourning  she  spent  her  time  in  a  closed 
room,  lit  only  by  a  wax  taper,  and  was 
dressed  wholly  in  white.  Mary,  the 
widow  of  Louis  XII.,  was  called  La  reine 
Blanche  during  her  days  of  mourning, 
and  is  sometimes  (but  erroneously)  so 
called  afterwards. 

Blanche  {Lady)  makes  a  vow  with 
lady  Anne  to  die  an  old  maid,  and  of 
course  falls  over  head  and  ears  in  love 
with  Thomas  Blount,  a  jeweller's  son.  who 
enters  the  army  and  becomes  a  colonel. 
She  is  very  handsf^me,  ardenk  brilliant, 
and  fearless. — S.  Knowles,  Old  Uaidt 
(1841). 

Blanche'fleur  (2  syl.),  the  heroine 
of  Boccaccio's  prose  romance  called  // 
Filopoco,  Her  lover  "  Florgs"  is  Boccaccio 
himself,  and  **Blanchetleur**  was  the 
daughter  of  king  Robert.  The  story  of 
Blanchefleur  and  Floras  is  substantially 
the  same  as  that  of  Dor*igen  and  AureliuA, 
by  Chaucer,  and  that  of  **  Diwuo'ra  and 
Ansaldo,"  in  the  Decameron, 

Bland'axnour  {Sir),  »  man  of 
**  mickle  might,"  who  "  bore  great  sway 
in  arms  and  chivalry,"  but  was  bod^ 
vainglorious  and  insolent.    He  attacke<l 


Brit'omart,  but  wat  discomfited  by  her 
enchanted  spear ;  he  next  attacked  sir 
Ferrau^h,  and  having  overcome  him  took 
from  htm  the  lady  who  accompHnied  him, 
"  the  False  FlorimeL"-*Spensei,  I^iiry 
Queen,  iv.  1  (1596). 

Blande'ville  {Lady  Emau\  a 
neighbour  of  the  Waverley  nmily, 
afterwards  married  to  colonel  Talbot. — 
Sir  W.  Soott,  Wacerky  (time,  (George 
II.). 

BlandfbrcU  the  father  of  Belin'da, 
who  he  promised  sir  William  Bellmont 
should  marr^  his  son  George.  Bat 
Belinda  was  in  love  with  Beverley,  and 
(leorge  Bellmont  with  Clarissa  (Beverley's 
sister).  Ultimately  matters  ananged 
themselves,  so  that  the  lovers  married 
according  to  their  inclinatiims. — A. 
Murphy,  All  in  the  Wrong  (1761)« 

Blan'dimaiiy  the  ftutiiful  man-servant 
of  the  fair  Bellisant,  and  her  attendant 
after  her  divorce. —  valentine  and  Orson, 

Blandi'na,  wife  of  the  cfaurlish 
knight  Turpin,  who  refused  hospitality 
to  sir  Calepine  and  his  lady  Sere'na 
(canto  8).  She  had  "  the  art  of  a  suasive 
tongue,"  and  most  engaging  manners,  but 
**  her  words  were  only  words,  and  all  her 
tears  were  water"  (canto  7). — Spenser, 
Faery  Qu^n,  iv.  (1596). 

Blandish,  a  "practised  parasite.** 
His  sister  says  to  him,  "May  you  find 
but  half  your  ovm  vanity  in  those  you 
have  to  work  on  !  "  (act  i.  1). 

Miss  Lctitia  Blandish,  sister  of  the 
above,  a  fttwning  timeserver,  who  sponges 
on  the  wealthy.  She  especially  toadies 
Miss  Alsorip  "the  heiress,"  flatterine 
her  vanity,  fostering  her  conceit,  and 
encoura^ng  her  vuTgM'  affectations.— 
General  Burgoyne,  The  Heiress  (1781). 

Blane  {Niell)^  town  piper  and  pub- 
lican. 

Jenny  Blane,  his  daughter. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Old  Mortality  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Bla'ney,  a  wealtliv  heir,  mined  by 
dissipation. — Oabbe,  Borough, 

Blarney  {Lady),  one  of  the  flash 
women  introduced  by  souire  Thomhill  to 
the  Primrose  family.— Goldsmith,  Vicar 
of  Wakefield  (1766). 

Blas'phemous  Balfour.  Sir  James 
Balfour,  the  Scottish  judge,  was  so  called 
from  his  apostacy  (died  1583). 

Bla'tant  Beast  {The)^  Om  per. 
sonification     of     slander      or     public 


BLATHERS  AND  DUFF. 


lis 


BUND  BEGGAR. 


epiavHL  The  beut  had  100  tongncB  and  a 
oting.  Sir  Aitegal  muzzled  the  monster, 
and  dn^gged  it  to  Fafirv-laDdj  but 
it  broke  loose  and  regained  its  liberty. 
Svbnqoentlj  sir  Gal'idore  (3  syl,)  went 
in  qaert  of  it. — Spoiser,  PlaSry  Queen, 
▼.  sod  vL  (15d6). 
%*  "Mrs.  Grondy*'  is  the  modem 
of  Spenser's  '<  Blatant  Beast." 


Blmth'ers  and  Duff,  detectives  who 
rarcstigate  the  burglary  in  which  Bill 
bikes  had  a  hand.  BUthera  relates  the 
tale  of  Conkey  duckweed,  who  robbed 
himself  of  827  gnineas.---C.  Dickens, 
OUoer  Jurist  (1837). 

Blaftenprowl  (The  Rev,  Jfr.-), 
■inistrr  of  Trotcosey,  near  Monkbams. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Antiqmry  (time, 
Elisabeth). 

Bleediiig-heart  Tard  (London). 
So  called  because  it  was  the  place  where 
the  deril  cast  the  bleeding  heart  of  lady 
Hatton  (wife  of  the  dancmg  chancellor), 
after  he  had  torn  it  out  of  her  body  wiu 
his  daws. — Dr.  Mackay,  Extraaniimary 
J'KifmUtr  Ddutkmt. 

Blaftis'oay  an  island   inhabited   by 

B*  [mics.  It  was  situated  north-east  m 
liput,  from  which  it  was  parted  by  a 
duumei  800  yards  wide. — Dean  Swift, 
(MHcer'e  Travels  (1726). 

"llfaiii'hriinifi  ■iiilrtiilnlnMtr-i"t-*T*-rinnrTi 
tm  OMt.  wMth  iofetd  OalltTV  to  take  theltar  thm% 
wkv  dHB  hen  hb  cyw  pal  out.  to  an  ludlraet  raproach 

Kttei  iale\  of  ^"g^'Mf  and  a  TtodkaUon  ofth*  Sight 
mmi  aad  Bolbwbroka  to  Paili.— Sir  W.  Soott. 

Bleiae  (1  eyi,)  at  Northumberland, 
of  king  Arthur's  period. 

I  BWsa  kovkliis  Aitbnr  Im4  ipad  at  tfa* 
^  bow  lb*  baMlB  «ad«d.  aMi  ttiU  htm  Cht 

Um  and  kid^  of  wonfaip  that  van  thera. 

•^Oto  Imltla  vwd  fcr  word  m  M«rlln  toU 
aad  hf  whoaa.  and  how  it  aodod.  and 
t.    All  the  battlw  that  ware  dooe  ia 

Aijfa.  Merlia  cainrd  Bteiae  to  write  them. 

I  hte  to  write  all  the  faattka  that  erety 

dkdofkfaicArthai'aeoiDt.— SIrT.  Maiocy. 

fiMf^rtter.  LIS  (1470). 

Blein'mves  (8  jy/.),  a  people  of 
Africa,  tabled  to  have  no  head,  but 
haring  eyes  and  mouth  in  the  breast. 
(SeeGaoBA.) 

on  at  ocolli  paetari 

speaks   of  a  people  of  India 
the  (xtuigds,  tine  cervioe,  oculos  in 
kahentes,    Mela  also  refers  to  a 
people  qtdbu*  oapUa  et  mUtus  in  peotore 


Tllmihftim  Spaniels.  The  Oxford 
electors  are  so  called,  because  for  manj 
I  they  obediently  supported  any  candi- 


date whidi  the  duke  of  Marlborough  com- 
manded them  to  return.  Lockhart  broke 
through  this  custom  by  telling  the  people 
the  fable  ot  ih^  Dog  and  the  Wolf,  The 
dog,  it  will  be  remembered,  had  on  his 
neck  the  marks  of  his  collar,  and  the 
wolf  said  he  preferred  liberty. 

(The  race  of  the  little  dog  called  the 
Blenheim  spaniel,  has  been  preserved  ever 
since  Blenheim  House  was  built  for  the 
duke  of  Marlborough  in  1704.) 

Blef  son  (Master  Joshua)  ^  one  of  the 
three  parliamentary  commissioners  sent 
by  Cromwell  with  a  warrant  to  leave  the 
royal  lod^  to  the  Lee  family.— Sir  W. 
Soott,  Woodstock  (time,  Ommonwealth). 

Bli'fil,  a  noted  character  in  Fielding's 
novel  entitled  The  History  of  Tom  Jones, 
a  Foundling  (1760). 

\*  Blifil  18  the  original  of  Sheridan*s 
"Joseph  Surface,**  in  the  School  fot 
Scandal  (1777). 

Bligh  (Wiaiam),  captain  of  the 
Bounty,  so  well  known  for  the  mutiny, 
headed  by  Fletcher  (Christian,  the  »nM^ 
(1790). 

Blimber  (Dr.),  head  of  a  school  for 
the  sons  of  gentlemen,  at  Brighton.  It 
was  a  select  school  for  ten  pupils  only ; 
but  there  was  learning  enough  for  toi 
times  ten.  '*  Mental  green  peas  were 
produced  at  Christmas,  and  intellectual 
asparagus  all  the  year  round."  The 
doctor  was  really  a  ripe  scholar,  and  truly 
kind-hearted ;  but  his  great  &ult  was 
over-tasking  his  boys,  and  not  seeing 
when  the  bM)w  was  too  much  stretched 
Paul  Dombey,  a  delicate  lad,  succumbed 
to  this  strong  mental  pressure. 

Mrs,  BlitweTj  wife  of  the  doctor,  not 
learned,  but  wished  to  be  thought  so. 
Her  pride  was  to  see  the  boys  in  the 
largest  possible  collars  and  stiffest  pos- 
sible cravats,  which  she  deemed  hi^Iy 
classical. 

Cornelia  Blimber,  the  doctor^s  daughter, 
a  slim  young  lady,  who  kept  her  hair 
short  and  wore  spectacles.  Miss  Blimber 
"had  no  nonsense  about  her,"  but  had 

Sown  "  dry  and  sandy  with  working  in 
e  graves  of  dead  languages.*'  She  mar- 
ried Mr.  Feeder,  B.A.,  Dr.  Blimber's 
usher. — C.  Dickens,  Dombey  and  Son 
(1846). 

Blind  Beggar  of  Bethnal 
Oreen»  Henry,  son  and  heir  of  sir 
Simon  de  Montfort.  At  the  battle  of 
Evesham  the  barons  were  routed,  MonU 

I 


BUND  CHAPEL  OOUBT. 


114 


BLOODS. 


fort  sUin,  mod  his  son  Henry  left  on  the 
field  for  dead.  A  baron's  daughter  dis- 
corered  the  young  man,  nursed  him  with 
care,  and  married  him.  The  fruit  of  the 
marriage  was  "pretty  Bessee,  the  beg- 
gar's daughter.  Henry  de  Montfort 
assumed  uie  garb  and  semblance  of  a 
blind  beggar,  to  escape  the  vigilance  of 
king  Henry's  spies. 

I^y  produced,  in  1669,  a  drama  called 
The  Blmd  Beggar  of  Bethnal  Oreen^  and 
S.  Knowles,  in  1884,  produced  his 
amended  drama  on  the  same  subject. 
There  is  [or  was],  in  the  Whitechapel 
Koad  a  public-house  sign  called  the 
Blind  Beggar  of  Bethnal  Green. — History 
of  Sign-boards, 

Blind  Chapel  Court  (Mark  Lane, 
London)^  is  a  corruption  of  Blanch  Appie- 
[Urn],  In  the  reign  of  Richard  II.  it  was 
part  of  the  manor  of  a  knight  named 
Appleton. 

Blind  Emperor  (The)^  Lodovig 
III.  of  Germany  (880,  890-934). 

Blind  Harper  (The),  John  Parry, 
who  died  1789. 

John  Stanley,  musician  and  composer, 
was  bUnd  from  his  birth  (1718-1786). 

Blind  Harry,  a  Scotch  minstrel 
of  the  fifteenth  century,  blind  from  in- 
fancy. His  epic  of  Sir  ]Viiiiatn  Wallace 
runs  to  11,861  lines.  He  was  minstrel  in 
the  court  of  James  lY. 

Blind  Meohanioian  (The),  John 
Strong,  a  ff^^  mechanical  genius,  was 
blind  from  his  birth.  He  died  at  Carlisle, 
aged  66  (1732-1798). 

Blind  Poet  (The),  Luigi  Groto,  an 
lUlian  poet  called  //  Cieoo  (1641-1585). 
John  MUton  (1608-1674). 

Homer  is  called  The  Blmd  Old  Bard 
(fl.  B.C.  960). 

Blind  TraveUer  (The),  lieutenant 
James  Holman.  He  became  blind  at  the 
age  of  25,  but  notwithstanding  travelled 
round  the  world,  and  published  an  account 
of  his  travels  (1787-1857). 

Blinldnsop,  a  smuggler  in  Red- 
gauntlet,  a  novd  by  sir  W.  Scott  (time, 
George  III.). 

Blister,  the  apothecary,  who  says 
'*  Without  physicixins,  no  one  could  know 
whether  he  was  well  or  ill."  He  courts 
Lucy  by  talking  shop  to  her. — Fielding, 
i%#  Virgin  UnmasAea, 


Blithe-Heaix  King  (TV).  DaHd 
is  so  called  by  Cndmon. 

Thow  lovdjr  Ijrrkt  written  by  his  hand 
Wboro  SiuoD  Cndmon  odb  "The  BUthe-hmrt  Kins.* 
Loosfallov.  Th»  Futtt  TaU  (rat  b  to  Ptalm  cxhrtii.  •). 

Block  {Martin),  ont  of  tbe  committee 
of  the  Estates  of  Bu^undy,  who  refuse 
supplies  to  Charles  t£e  Bold,  duke  of 
Buigundy. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Anne  of  Geier^ 
stein  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Blok  (Nikkei),  the  butcher,  one  of  tlie 
insurgents  at  Li^e. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Quentin  Dunoard  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Blondel  de  IVesle  {Neel],  the 
favourite  trouvbre  or  minstrel  of  Richard 
Coeur  de  Lion.    He  chanted  the  Bloody 

Vest  in  presence  of  queen  Berengaria,  the 
lovely  Edith  PUintagenet.— Sir  W.  Scott, 

The  Talisman  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Blon'dina,  the  mother  of  Fairstar 
and  two  boys  at  one  birth.  She  was  tlie 
wife  of  a  king,  but  the  queen-mother 
hated  her,  and  taking  away  the  three 
babes  substituted  three  puppies.  Ulti- 
mately her  children  were  restored  to  her, 
and  the  queen-mother  with  her  accom- 
plices were  duly  punished. — Comtesse 
D'Aunoy,  Fairy  Tales  ("Princess  Fair- 
star,"  1682). 

Blood  (Colonel  Thomas) ,  emissary  of 
the  duke  of  Buckingham  (1628-1680), 
introduced  by  sir  W.  Scott  in  Peverit  of 
the  Peaky  a  novel  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Blood-Bath  (1520),  a  massacre  of 
the  Swedish  nobles  and  leaders,  which 
occurred  three  days  after  the  coronation 
of  Christian  II.  king  of  DenmariE, 
Sweden,  and  Norway.  The  victims  were 
invited  to  attend  the  coronation,  and 
were  put  to  the  sword,  under  the  plea  of 
being  enemies  of  the  true  Church.  In 
this  massacre  fell  both  the  father  and 
brother-in-law  of  Gustavus  Yasa.  The 
former  was  named  £lric  Johansson,  and 
the  latter  Brahe  (2  syl.). 

This  massacre  reminds  as  of  the 
**  Bloody  Wedding,'*  or  slaughter  of 
huguenots  during  the  marriage  cere- 
monies of  Henri  of  Navarre  and  Mar- 
garet of  France,  in  1572. 

Bloods  (The  Five):  (1)  The  O'Neils 
of  Ulster;  (2)  the  O'Connors  of  Con- 
naught  ;  (3)  the  O'Briens  of  Thomond ; 
(4)  the  O'LachUns  of  Meath ;  and  (5) 
the  M'Murrou^hs  of  Leinstcr.  These  am 
the  five  principal  septs  or  families  of 
Ireland,  and  all  not  belonging  to  one  of 
these  five  septs  are  accounted  aliens  or 


BLOODY. 


116 


BLOUNT. 


and  eonld  "neiUier  sue  nor  be 
ned,"  CTcn  down  to  the  reign  of  Eliza- 
beth. 

William  Fxtz-Roger,  being  arraigned 
(4th  Edward  11.)  for  the  murder  of 
Rt^cr  de  Cantilon,  pleads  that  he  was 
Doi  guilty  of  felony,  because  his  victim 
was  not  of  '*  free  blood,*'  Le,  one  of  the 
"fire  bloods  of  Ireland.**  The  plea  is 
admitted  by  the  jury  to  be  good. 

da  Wal»r.  trttd  at  Watcrfccd  farihTfi*  Join 

is  Uw  tkM  of  Edward  IL.  coahawd  tin 

lad  tbat  ka  eoald  not  thetOfr  hart  cooi- 

ittad  fdb^.  -Ii  inan  Um  ilwrawd  «m  a  mcrr  Itkh- 

■B.  MMl  aat  OM  af  tka  Ifa  bloeda.''-«r  John  DaviM. 

Bloody  (TV),  Otho  II.  emperor  of 
crmany  (955,  973-988). 

Bloody-BoneSy  a  bo^e. 


or  LaaAfd  (Ic  i 
W  tha  Tiawar,  tha  dnad  of 


Bloody  Brother  (The),  a  tragedy 
by  Bcaomont  and  Fletcher  (1639).  The 
**  bloody  brother  **  b  Rollo  duke  of  Nor- 
mandy, who  kills  his  brother  Otto  and 
sercfal  other  persons,  bnt  is  himself 
Idlled  ultimately  by  Hamond  captain  of 
the  guard. 

Bloody  Butcher  (The),  the  duke 
of  Cumberland,  second  son  of  George  II., 
so  called  from  his  barbarities  in  the  sup- 
vession  of  the  rebellion  in  &TOur  of 
tSiarlcs  Edward,  the  young  pretender. 
«« Black  CUfford  **  was  also  called  **The 
Batcher**  for  his  cruelties  (died  1461). 

Bloody  Hand,  (^athal,  an  ancestor 
sf  the  0*(>>nnors  of  Ireland. 

Bloody  Mary,  queen  Mary  of  Eng- 
limi,  dau^ter  of  Henry  YIII.  and  elder 
hrilf-«ister  of  queen  Elizabeth.  So  called 
OB  aeooont  of  the  san^nary  persecutions 
carried  on  by  her  against  the  protestants. 
It  is  said  that  200  persons  were  burnt  to 
death  in  her  short  reign  (1516,  1668- 
16U). 

Bloody  WeddJiig  (TV),  that  of 
Henri  of  r^avarre  with  Maraaret,  sister 
of  Charles  fX.  of  France.  Catherine  de 
MtdiKM  invited  all  the  chief  protestant 
Boblcs  to  this  wedding,  but  on  the  ere  of 
the  festival  of  St.  Bartholomew  (August 
24,  1672),  a  general  onslaught  was  iMuie 
on  all  the  protestants  of  Paris,  and  next 
day  the  same  massacre  was  extended  to 
&e  prorincM.  The  number  which  fell 
hi  tms  wholesale  slaughter  has  been  esti- 
mated at  between  80,000  and  70,000  per- 
sons of  both  sexes. 

Bloomfleld  (Lomia),  a  young  Udy 


engaged  to  lord  Totterly  the  beau  of 
60,  but  in  love  with  Charles  Danvers  the 
embryo  barrister. — C.  Selby,  The  Un- 
fimshod  Gentleman, 

Blount  (Nichokui),  afterwards  knight- 
ed ;  master  of  the  horse  to  the  earl  of 
Sussex. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Keniitoorth  (time, 
Elizabeth). 

Blount  {Sir  Frederick),  a  distant  rela- 
tive of  sir  John  Yesey.  He  had  a  great 
objection  to  the  letter  r,  which  he  con- 
sidered "wough  and  wasping.**  He 
dressed  to  perfection,  and  though  not 
"wich,**  pnded  himself  on  having  the 
"best  opewa-box,  the  best  dogs,  the  best 
horses,  and  the  best  house*'  of  any  one* 
He  liked  (}eorgina  Vesey,  and  as  she  had 
£10,000  he  thought  he  should  do  himself 
no  harm  by  "  mawywing  the  girl." — Lord 
L.  Bulwer  Lytton,  Money  (1840). 

Blount  (Mcuter),  a  wealthy  jeweller 
of  Ludgate  Hill,  London.  An  old- 
&shion^  tradesman,  not  ashamed  of  his 
calling.  He  had  two  sons,  John  and 
Thomas ;  the  former  was  his  favourite. 

Mistress  Blount,  his  wife.  A  shrewd, 
discerning  woman,  who  loved  her  son 
Thomas,  and  saw  in  him  the  elements  of 
a  rising  man. 

John  Blount,  eldest  son  of  the  Ludgate 
jeweller.  Being  left  successor  to  his 
father,  he  sold  &e  goods  and  set  up  for  a 
man  of  fashion  ana  fortune.  His  vanity 
and  snobbism  were  most  gross.  He  had 
good-nature,  but  more  cunning  than  dis- 
cretion, thought  himself  far-seeing,  but 
was  most  easily  duped.  ^*l'he  phaeton 
was  built  after  my  design,  my  lord,**  he 
savs,  *' mayhap  your  lordship  has  seen  it." 
"  Hy  taste  is  driving,  my  lord,  mayhap 
your  lordship  has  seen  me  handle  the 
ribbons."  **My  horses  are  all  bloods, 
mayhap  your  lordship  has  noticed  my 
team."  **  I  pride  myself  on  my  seat  in 
the  saddle,  mayhap  your  lordship  has 
seen  me  ride.**  **  If  I  am  superlative  in 
anything,  *tis  in  my  wines."  "  So  please 
your  ladyship,  *ti8  dress  I  most  excel  in. 
.  .  .  *tiB  walking  I  pride  myself  in." 
No  matter  what  is  mentioned,  *ti8  the  one 
thing  he  did  or  had  better  than  anv  one 
else.  This  conceited  fool  was  duped  into 
believing  a  parcel  of  men-servants  to  be 
lords  and  dukes,  and  made  love  to  a 
lady*s  maid,  supposing  her  to  be  a 
countess. 

ITiomas  Blount,  John*s  brother,  and  one 
of  nature*8  gentlemen.  He  entered  the 
army,  became  a  colonel,  and   married 


BLOUZEUNDA. 


11« 


BLUK.OOWNS. 


lady  Blanche.  He  is  described  as  haying 
**  a  lofty  forehead  for  princely  thooght  to 
dwell  in,  eyes  for  love  or  war,  a  nose  of 
Grecian  mould  with  touch  of  Rome,  a 
mouth  like  Cupid's  bow.  ambitious  chin 
dimpled  and  knobbed. — S.  Knowles, 
Old  Maidi  (l^i). 

Blouaelin'da  or  Bl^wzblikda,  a 
shepherdess  in  love  with  Lobbin  Clout, 
m  The  Shepherd's  Week. 

Mjr  Bkmaitliite  to  Um  bUtlMrt  faMi. 
Thanjprlmrow  •wMlcr.  or  Um  dorer-^aM  .  .  . 
My  BkNiaeUiMrf  tlwo  dlUflowcr  more  fair, 
Ttaaa  teltte.  aamtTwM,  or  kinfeup  rar*. 

Omj.  PmtMrmt^  L  <UU|i 

BwMt  k  iny  toll  vh«n  BlownUnd  It  nmr, 
or  her  iMreft  'tis  winter  all  tlie  your  .  .  . 
Oome,  BlowMlinda.  caat  thy  nraln't  dcdn. 
Uf  ■ununer'g  abadow,  and  aqr  wtnttr^  Sra. 

DItta 

"Blower  (Mrt.  Margaret)^  the  ship- 
owner's widow  at  the  Spa.  She  marries 
Dr.  Quackleben,  '*  the  man  of  medicine** 
(one  of  the  managing  committee  at  the 
Spa).-— Sir  W.  Scott,  St,  Sonants  Weil 
(time,  (xeorge  III.). 

Bluoher  was  nicknamed  "Marshal 
Forwards  "  for  his  dash  and  readiness  in 
the  campaign  of  1813. 

Blue  {Dark\  Oxford  boat  crew.  (See 
Boat  Colours.) 

Blue  (Lvjhi\  Cambridge  boat  crew. 
(See  Boat  Colours.) 

Blue  (True),  When  it  is  said  that  any- 
thing  or  person  is  True  blue  or  Thie  as 
Coventry  hltie^  the  reference  ii  to  a  blue 
cloth  and  blue  thread  made  in  Coventry, 
noted  for  its  fast  colour.  Lincoln  was  no 
less  famous  for  its  green  clotii  and  dye. 

True  Blue  has  also  reference  to  un- 
tainted aristocratic  descent.  This  is  de- 
nved  from  the  Spanish  notion  that  the 
really  high  bred  nave  bluer  blood  than 
these  of  meaner  race.  Hence  the  French 
phrases,  Sang  bleu  (**  aristocratic  blood  **), 
Sang  notr  (**  plebeian  blood  "),  etc. 

Blue  Beard  (La  Barbe  Bleue)^  from 
the  ountes  of  Charles  Perrault  (1697). 
The  chevalier  Raoul  is  a  merciless  tvTant, 
with  a  blue  beard.  His  young  wife  is 
entrusted  with  all  the  keys  of  ue  castle, 
with  strict  injtmctions  on  pain  of  death 
not  to  open  one  special  room.  During 
the  absence  of  her  lord  the  **  forbidden 
fruit "  is  too  tempting  to  be  resisted,  the 
door  is  opened,  and  me  young  wife  finds 
^e  floor  covered  with  the  dci^  bodies  of 
her  husband's  former  wives.  She  drops 
the  key  in  her  terror,  and  can  bv  no 
means  obliterate  from   it  the  stain  of 


Uood.  Bine  Beard,  on  his  retvn, 
mands  her  to  prepare  for  death,  bat  W 
the  timely  arrival  of  her  brothers  her  lira 
is  saved  and  Blue  Beard  pat  to  death. 

Dr.  C.  Taylor  thinks  Blue  Beard  is  a 
type  of  the  castle-lords  in  the  days  of 
knight-errantry.  Some  say  Henry  VlII. 
(the  noted  wife-killer)  was  the  **  academy 
figure."  Others  think  it  was  Giles  de 
I^tz,  marquis  de  Laval,  marshal  of 
France  in  1429,  who  (according  to  M^ze- 
ray)  murdered  six  of  his  seven  wives, 
axMi  was  ultimately  strangled  in  1440. 

Another  solution  is  &at  Blue  Beard 
was  count  Conomar',  and  the  young  wife 
Triphy'na,  daughter  of  count  Guerech. 
Count  O>nomar  was  lieutenant  of  Brit- 
tany in  the  reign  of  C^iildebert.  M. 
Hippolyte  Violean  assures  us  that  in  1850, 
during  the  repairs  of  the  chapel  of  St. 
Nicolas  de  Bieuzy,  some  ancient  frescoes 
were  discovered  with  scenes  from  the  lift 
of  St.  Triphyna:  (1)  The  marriage;  (2) 
the  husband  taking  leave  of  his  young 
wife  and  entrusting  to  her  a  key ;  (3)  a 
room  with  an  open  door,  through  which 
are  seen  the  corpses  of  seven  women 
hanging;  (4)  the  nusband  threatening  his 
wife,  while  another  female  [sister  Anne\ 
is  looking  out  of  a  window  above;  (&> 
the  husband  has  placed  a  halter  round  Uie 
neck  of  his  victim,  but  the  friends,  aocom« 

Etnied  by  St.  Gildas,  abbot  of  Rhnys  in 
rittany,  arrive  just  in  time  to  rescue 
the  future  saint. — PAermagesde  Bretagne, 
(Ludwig  Tieck  brought  out  a  drama  in 
Berlin,  on  the  story  of  Blue  Beard.  The 
incident  about  the  keys  and  the  doors  is 
similar  to  that  mentioned  by  **The  Third 
Calender"  in  the  Ardbian  Nights.  The 
forty  princesses  were  absent  for  forty 
davs,  and  ^ve  kin^  Agib  the  keys  of  the 
palace  during  their  absence.  He  had 
leave  to  enter  every  room  but  one.  His 
curiosity  led  him  to  open  the  forbidden 
chamber  and  mount  a  horse  which  he  saw 
there.  The  horse  carried  him  through  the 
air  far  from  the  palace,  and  with  a  whisk 
of  its  tail  knocked  out  his  right  eye 
The  same  misfortune  had  befallen  ten 
other  princes,  who  warned  him  of  the 
danger  before  he  started.) 

Blue  "Flag  (A)  in  the  Roman  empire 
was  warning  of  danger.  Livy  speaks  of 
it  in  his  Amals, 

Blue-Gk>wn8«  Ring's  bedesmen,  or 
privileged  Scotch  menmcants,  were  so 
called  from  their  dress.  On  the  king's 
birthday  each  of  these  bedesmen  had 
given  to  him  a  cloak  of  blue  cloth,  a 


BLUEHEK. 


U7 


BOANERGES. 


IV  for  erery  3re«r  of  the  king's  life, 
A  loaf  of  bread,  and  a  bottle  of  «Je.    No 
member  haa  been  added  since  1833. 


Blue  Hen.  a  nickname  for  the  state 
of  Delaware,  iJnited  States.  The  term 
aroee  tints :  Captain  Caldwell,  an  officer 
of  the  let  Delaware  Regiment  in  the 
Amoican  War  for  Independence  wm  very 
fond  of  game-cocks,  but  maintained  that 
no  cock  was  truly  gune  mileas  its  mother 
was  a  "  Uoe  hen.  As  he  was  exceed- 
ingly popular,  his  regiment  was  ddled 
"The  Bine  Hens,**  and  the  term  was 
aftonranb  transferred  to  the  state  and 
ita  inhabitants. 

Jour  molAeritas  a  bhte  heiiy  no  dovbt; 
a  reproof  to  a  biaggart,  especially  to  one 
who  boasts  of  his  ancestry. 

Blae  Kniffht  {The),  sir  Peftaont 
of  India,  called  by  Tennyson  "  Morning 
Star"  or  "Phos^Orus."  He  was  one 
of  the  four  brothers  who  kept  tiie  pas- 
sages of  Castle  Perilous,  and  was  over- 
thrown by  sir  Gareth.— Sir  T.  Malory, 
iKstory  of  Prince  Arthur,  i.  131  (1470) ; 
Tennyson,  IdylU  ("Gareth  and  Ly- 
nette'*). 

%•  It  is  evidentiv  a  blonder  in  Tenny- 
son to  call  the  Blue  Knight  "Morning 
Star,** and  the  Oreen  Knight  "Evening 
Star."  The  reverse  is  correct,  and  in 
the  old  romance  the  combat  with  the 
Green  Knight  was  at  day-break,  and 
Witt  the  Bine  Knif^t  at  snnset. 

Bhoie  Moon.    Once  in  a  blue  moon, 
VCTT  raielr  indeed.    The  expression  re- 
sembles that  of  "the  Greek  Kalends,' 
wWdi  means  "  never,"  because  there  were 
DO  Greek  Kalends. 

Blue  Boses. — The  blue  flower  of  the 
German  romantic  poets  represented  the 
ideal  and  unattainable — what  Words- 
worth calls  "  the  light  that  never  was  on 
sea  or  land" — and  Alphonse  Karr,  fol- 
lowing in  the  wake  of  tne  Germans,  gives 
the  name  of  Ro^e*  Blene  to  all  impos- 
sible wishes  and  desires. 

Blue-Skin,  Joseph  Blake,  an  Eng- 
lish burglar,  so  called  from  bis  complex- 
He  was  executed  in  1723. 


Bluff  {Captain  Noil),  a  swaggering 

bully  and  boaster.     He  says,  "  f  think 

that  fighting  for  fighting's 'soJie  is  sufii- 

dent  cause  for  fighting.     Fighting,  to 

me,  is  religion  and  the  laws." 

^  "Tm  mm€  know.  iir.  I  «••  reihlBnt  in  Fkndcn  Um 
**  g— »«lsi  .  .  .^  tiara  WM  aettm  ii|thiag  rf  mooMBit 

r  11  II  itan  kit.  .  .  .  Wdl.  vodd  jroa  ttdnk  ft.  In  ml 
Mi  11a«  .  .  .  (hat  owcaOljr  CtacaMs  nergr  to  maeh  m 
IbmI   ««toM%l7lh««anl   IteA  no 


inettearNoBBIsff  thMlf  helMdiMtbem  ta  tiM 
•od  of  tka  Urlng."— Coosrere,  n*  OH  Bmehetmr  (MO). 

BlufiTHal  or  Bluff  Habbt,  Henry 
Vlll.  (1491,  160»-1M7). 

Ere  ret  In  wean  at  Peter'g  penea, 

And  nomlMiwl  brnd  and  ahrifl. 
Buff  Hall  be  broke  into  the  n>«iioa  [«  (ortferL 

Awl  toniad  the  eowli  adrift. 


Blunder.  The  bold  but  disastrous 
charge  of  the  British  Light  Brigade  at 
BalaclaVa  is  attributed  to  a  blunder; 
even  Tennyson  says  of  it,  "Some  one 
hath  blundered,"  but  Thomas  Woolner, 
with  less  reserve,  says : 

^  A  general 

May  Mmider  troope  to  doMh.  jea.  and  raeelTa 

HI*  seoata'g  Tola  of  thanka. 

JTjr  Bmutifml  Xd4f . 

Bltm'derbore  (8  syl.),  the  giant 
who  was  drowned  because  Jack  scuttled 
his  hoaL— Jack  the  Oiant-kHier. 

Blunt  {Colonel),  a  brusque  royalist, 
who  vows  "he'd  woo  no  woman,"  but 
falls  in  love  with  Arbella  an  heiress, 
woos  and  wins  her.  T.  Knight,  who 
has  converted  this  comedy  into  a  farce, 
with  the  title  of  ffonest  JJiieves,  calls 
colonel  Blunt  "captain  Manly."— Hon. 
sir  R.  Howard,  The  Committee  (1670). 

Blunt  {Maior-GeneraT),  an  old  cavalry 
officer,  rough  in  speech,  but  braTe, 
honest  and  a  true  patriot. — Shadwell, 
The  Volunteers. 

Blushing^ton  (Edtcard),  a  bashful 
young  gentleman  of  26,  sent  as  a  poor 
scholar  to  Cambridge,  without  any 
expectations,  but  by  the  death  of  his 
father  and  uncle  left  all  at  once  as  "rich 
as  a  nabob."  At  coUc^  he  was  called 
"  the  sensitive  plant  of  Brazenose,"  be- 
cause he  was  alwa^rg  blushing.  He  dines 
b}r  invitation  at  Friendly  Hall,  and  com- 
mits ceaseless  blunders.  Next  day  his 
college  chum,  Frank  Friendly,  writes 
word  that  he  and  his  sister  Dinah,  with 
sir  Thomas  and  lady  Friendly,  will  dine 
with  him. .  After  a  few  glasses  of  wine, 
he  loses  hin  bashful  mc^es^,  makes  a 
long  speech,  and  becomes  the  accepted 
suitor  of  the  pretty  Miss  Dinah  Friendly. 
— W.  T.  Moncrieif,  The  Bashful  Man. 

Bo  or  Boh,  says  Warton,  was  a  fierce 
Gothic  chief,  whose  name  was  used  to 
frighten  children. 

Boaner'ges  (4  syl.),  a  declamatory 
pet  parson,  who  anathematizes  all  except 
his  own  "elect."  "He  preaches  real 
rovsing-op   discourses,    but    sits    down 


BOAP. 


118 


BOBADIL. 


pleasantly  to  his  tea,  and  makes  hisself 
xriendly/* — Mrs.  Oliphant,  Sahm  Chapel, 

A  protestant  BoonergMi  iMtinff  Birmingham,  wnt  an 
inritatfon  to  Dr.  Newman  to  disputa  publld/  with  liim 
In  tb«  Town  HalL— B.  YatM,  Otl^irMm,  xxlL 

•^*  Boanerges  or  "sons  of  thnnder*'  is 
the  name  given  by  Jesus  Christ  to  James 
and  John,  because  they  wanted  to  call 
down  fire  from  heaven*  to  consume  the 
Samaritans. — Ltike  ix.  64. 

Boar  (7^),  Richard  III.,  so  called 
from  his  cognizance. 

TlrabrlHled  boar. 
In  inCant  gore. 
Wallows  banoaUi  the  thomj  ihada. 

Orajr,  The  Bard  (17S7). 

In  contem^  Richard  III.  is  called  The 
Hog,  hence  the  popular  distich : 

The  Oht.  the  Rat.  and  Lorell  the  doc 
Rule  an  England  onder  the  Ho^ 

("The  Cat"  is  Catesby,  and  "the Rat" 
Ratcliffe.) 

Boar  (The  Blue),  This  pnblic-honse 
sign  (Westminster)  is  the  biEtdge  of  the 
Veres  earls  of  Oxford. 

The  Blue  Boar  Lane  (St.  Nicholas, 
Leicester)  is  so  named  from  the  cog- 
nizance of  Richard  III.,  because  he  slept 
there  the  night  before  the  battle  of  Bos- 
worth  Field. 

Boar  of  Ardennes  (7%«  Wild),  in 
French  I^  Sarujlier  dea  Ardennes 
(2  syL),  was  Guillaume  comte  de  la 
Marck,  so  called  because  he  was  as  fierce 
as  the  wild  boar  he  delighted  to  hunt, 
llie  character  is  introduced  by  sir  W. 
Scott  in  Quentin  Durward,  under  the 
name  of  "  William  count  of  la  Marck." 

Boar's  Head  (The),  This  tavern, 
immortalized  by  Shakespeare,  stood  in 
Eastcheap  (London),  on  the  site  of  the 
present  statue  of  William  lY^  It  was 
the  cognizance  of  the  Gordons,  who 
adopted  it  because  one  of  their  progenitors 
slew,  in  the  forest  of  Huntley,  a  wild 
boar,  the  terror  of  all  the  Mersc  (1093). 

Boat  Colours. 

The  Cambridgk  Crrw:  Catus,  light 
bine  and  black ;  Catherine's,  blue  and 
white ;  Christ's,  common  blue ;  Clare, 
black  and  golden  yellow  ;  Corpus,  cherry 
colour  and  white ;  Downing,  chocolate ; 
Em7nar,uel,  cherry  colour  and  dark  blue ; 
Jesus,  red  and  black  ;  John*s,  bright  red 
and  white;  King's,  violet:  Magdelen, 
indigo  and  lavender ;  Pembroke,  claret 
and  French  grey ;  Peter  house,  dark  blue 
and  white ;    Queen's,  green  and  white ; 


Sydney,  red   and  bine ;     TWrw^y,    dark 
blue ;  jyinity  Hall,  black  and  white. 

Oxford  Ckbw:  Alban^s  {St.),  bine, 
with  arrow-head;  Baliol,  pink,  white, 
blue,  white,  pink  ;  Brazenose,  black,  and 
gold  edges ;  Christ  Chttrch,  blue,  with 
red  cardinal's  hat;  Corpus^  rod,  with 
blue  stripe;  Edmonds  \,St,),  red,  and 
yellow  edges ;  Exeter,  blacky  and  red 
edges ;  Jesus,  green,  and  white  edges ; 
John's,  yellow,  black,  red  ;  Lincoln,  blue, 
with  mitre  ;  Magdelen,  black  and  white ; 
Mary's  (St.),  white,  black,  white ;  MerUrn^ 
blue,  with  white  ed^s  and  reid  cros^ ; 
New  College,  three  pmk  and  two  white 
stripes;  Oriel,  blue  and  white;  Pe*»i- 
broke,  pink,  white,  pink;  Queen's,  red, 
white,  blue,  white,  blue,  white,  red ; 
lymity,  blue,  with  double  dragon*s  head, 
yellow  and  green,  or  blue  witii  white 
edges ;  University,  blue,  and  yellow 
edges ;  Wad/uxm,  light  blue ;  WoroesteTf 
blue,  white,  pink,  vmite,  blue. 

Boas  and  Jaohin,  two  brazen 
pillars  set  up  by  Solomon  at  the  entrance 
of  the  temple  built  by  him.  Boaz^ 
which  means  "strength,"  was  on  the 
left  hand,  and  Jachin,  which  means 
"stability,"  on  the  right. — 1  Awi^«  vii.  21. 

(The  names  of  these  two  pillars  are 
adopted  in  the  craft  called  "  Free 
Masonry.") 

Bob'adil,  an  ignorant,  clever,  shallow 
bully,  thoroughly  cowardly,  but  thou^t 
by  his  dupes  to  be  an  amazing  hero. 
He  lodged  with  Cob  (the  water-carrier) 
and  his  wife  Tib.  Master  Stephen  was 
greatly  struck  with  his  "  dainty  oaths," 
such  as  "By  the  foot  of  Pharaoh!" 
"  Body  of  Oesar ! "  "  As  I  am  a  gentle- 
man and  a  soldier ! "  His  device  to  save 
the  expense  of  a  standing  army  is  in- 
imitable for  its  conceit  and  absurdity ; 

"I  wouldMhwtlSmoratomjnelf  thrnagboattbelMMli 
gentlemen  tbejr  should  be.  of  a  good  iplrit  end  ahto  eoa* 
ftUtution.  I  would  chooae  them  by  an  imUnet.  .  .  .  an4 
I  would  teach  them  the  spedal  rnlei .  .  .  tU!  ihejr  could 
play  l/tner]  very  near  as  well  as  myself.  This  none.  «f 
the  enemy  were  40.000  ctrong,  w?  20  would  .  .  .  cbal> 
len^e  20  of  the  enemy ;  .  .  .  kill  them ;  diallenge  SO 
more,  kill  them ;  ao  more,  kill  them  too ;  .  .  .  every 
man  his  10  a  day,  that's  10  score  ...  300  a  day ;  five  dari, 
a  thousand ;  40.000.  40  times  5,  SOO  d^ ;  kill  tiiem  aU.'*— 
Ben  Jonson,  Mrerg  Man  in  Hit  Sumottr,  it.  7  (IMSK 

Since  his  [ffmrg  Woodward.  1717-1777]  tima  the  part 
of  "  Bobadil "  has  never  been  Justly  performad.  It  najr 
be  said  to  have  died  with  him.— Dr.  Doran. 

The  name  was  probably  suggested  by 
Bobadil  la  first  governor  of  C^ba,  who 
superseded  Columbus  sent  home  in 
chains  on  a  most  frivolous  charge. 
Similar  characters  are  "  Metamore "  and 
"Scaramouch"   (MoUfere) ;    "ParoUds** 


BODACH  6LAT. 


119 


BOISTERER. 


and  "  Piatol "  (ShakespeAre)  ;  "  Bessiu  ** 
fBcsmnoot  aad  Fletdier).  (See  also 
Basiljsoo,  Bobocgholiff,  Captain 
Brazen,  Captaik  Noll  Bluff,  Sib 
PETBoirn.  Flash,  Sacripant,  Y»cbkt 

DE   LA  ROBK,  etc) 

Bodach  GlAv  or  "  Grey  Spectre/* 
a  house  demon  of  the  Scotch,  nmilar  to 
the  Irish  bazishee. 

Boe'mond,  the  Christian  king^  of 
Antioch,  who  tried  to  teach  his  subjects 
arts,  Uiw,  and  religion.  He  is  of  the 
Xonnan  race,  Roge'ro's  brother,  and  son 
•f  Roberto  Goiscar'do. — ^Tasso,  Jeruaalem 
Ikiwtred  (1675). 

BoBotiaa  Ears,  ears  onable  to  ai>- 
predate  music  and  riietoric.  Doeotia  was 
laughed  at  by  the  Atibenians  for  the  dul- 
DOS  and  stupidity  of  its  inhabitants. 

"Tkfa  fi  hntaf  tnte  and  aentlBMnt.    Wdl.  Mend.  I 

M  Mm  bg  mt  oiKAerJ.— 


sa  mm,  Tfl.  s  (uifii. 

Boouf  (Front  de)f  a  gigantic  ferocious 
follower  of  prince  John. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
hmihoe  (time,  Ridiard  I.). 

BofSn  (Nkodtmus),  "the  golden 
dustman,**  foreman  of  old  John  Harmon, 
dustman  and  miser.  He  was  **  a  broad, 
roond-ahouldered,  one-sided  old  fellow, 
whose  £ace  was  of  the  rhinoceros  build, 
with  oTcr-lapping  ears."  A  kind,  shrewd 
man  was  Mr.  Boffin,  devoted  to  his 
wife,  whom  he  greatly  admired.  Being 
reodnary  legatee  of  John  Harmon,  dust- 
■Mtt,  he  came  in  for  £100,000.  After- 
ward*, John  Harmon,  the  son,  being 
discoyiued,  Mr.  Boffin  surrendered  the 
piopeity  to  him,  and  lived  with  him. 

Mr$,  Boffin,  wife  of  Mr.  N.  Boffin,  and 
daughter  of  a  catVmeat  man.  She  was 
a  fat,  smiling,  good-tempered  creature, 
file  servant  of  old  John  Harmon,  dust- 
man and  miser,  and  venr  kind  to  the 
miser's  son  (yoimg  John  Harmon).  After 
Mr.  Boffin  came  into  his  fortune  she 
became  **a  hi^  flyer  at  fashion,"  wore 
black  velvet  aatd  sable,  but  retained  her 
kindness  of  heart  and  love  for  her  hus- 
band. She  was  devoted  to  Bella  Wilfer, 
who  ultimately  became  the  wife  of  young 
Tnhn  Harmon,  aiias  Kokesmith.  —  (j, 
Dickens,  Our  MutuaU  Friend  (1864). 

Bc/gio,  one  of  Uie  allies  of  Charle- 
magne. He  promised  his  wife  to  return 
witibtn  six  months,  but  was  slain  by 
Dardinello.  —  Ariosto,  Orkmdo  Furioso 
(1516). 

Bogle  Swindle  (J^),  a  gigantic 


swindling  scheme,  concocted  at  Paris  by 
fourteen  sharpers,  who  expected  to  clear 
by  it  at  least  a  million  sterling.  This 
swindle  was  exposed  by  O'Reilly  in  the 
Time»  newspaper,  and  tiie  corporation  of 
London  tluuiked  the  proprietors  of  that 
journal  for  their  public  services. 

"Bo^guSf  sham,  forged,  fraudulent,  as 
bogus  currency,  bogus  ^ansactions;  said 
to  be  a  corruption  of  Borghese,  a  swindler, 
who  supplied  the  North  American  States 
with  counterfeit  bills,  bills  on  fictitious 
banks,  and  sham  mortgages. — Boston 
Dculy  Courier, 

Some  think  the  word  a  corruption  of 
[Uocus'^  Focus,  and  say  that  it  refers  to 
the  German  "  Hocus  Pocus  Imperatus, 
wer  nicht  sicht  ist  blind."  Tne  cor- 
responding French  term  is  Fosse  muscade, 

Bohe'mia,  any  locality  frequented  by 
journalists,  artists,  actors,  opera-singers, 
spouters,  and  other  similar  characters. 

Bohemian  (A),  a  gipsy,  from  the 
French  notion  that  the  wni  gipsies  came 
from  Bohemia. 

A  Literary  Bohemian,  an  author  of 
desultory  works  and  irregular  life. 

Nerer  «••  there  ad  editor  wlUi  lea  eboat  bim  of  Ui« 
Uteraiy  BobaaiMn.  —  Fortntghag  Mvriem  ("  PhCob 
Letten'O. 

Bohemian  Literature,  desultory  reading. 

A  Bohemian  Life,  an  irregular,  wander- 
ing, restless  way  of  living,  like  that  of  a 
gipsy. 

Bolxemond,  prince  of  Antioch,  a 
crusader. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Count  Robert  of 
Faris  (time,  Rufus). 

Bols'gelin  {The  young  countess  de), 
introduced  in  Uie  ball  given  bv  king 
Ren^  at  Aix. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Anne  of 
Geierstcin  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Bois-Ouilbert   (Sir  Brian  de),   a 

fTeceptor  of  the  Knijghts  Templars, 
vanhoe  vanquishes  him  in  a  tournament. 
He  offers  insult  to  Rebecca,  and  she 
threatens  to  cast  herself  from  the  battle- 
ments if  he  touches  her.  When  the  castle 
is  set  on  fire  by  the  sibyL  sir  Brian 
carries  off  Rebecca  from  the  flames.  The 
Grand-Master  of  the  Knights  Templars 
cha^^  Rebecca  with  sorcerv,  and  she 
demands  a  trial  by  combat.  Sir  Brian  de 
Bois-Guilbcrt  is  appointed  to  sustain  the 
cha^e  against  her^  and  Ivanhoe  is  her 
champion.  Sir  Brum  being  found  dead 
in  the  lists,  Rebecca  is  declared  innocent. 
— Sir  W.  Scott,  Ivanhoe  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Boieterer,  one  of  the  seven  attend- 


BOLD  BEAUCHAMP. 


120 


B0MBASTE8  FURIOSO. 


anta  of  Fortu'iiio.  His  gift  wns  tbat  he 
could  oveitnm  a  wind-mill  with  his 
breath,  and  even  wreck  a  man-of-war. 

Fortanlo IkaA  kbn  vfuit  he  «••  dirin«.  "I  am  Mov- 
liw(  •  little,  dr."  anMrered  he.  "  to  aet  Umm  tniUi  at 
work."  *' Bat,"  atVl  the  knigbt, "  jrou  aeem  too  br  off."  "  On 
the  eontnuT,"  MpHed  the  bl^ver.  "  I  am  too  near,  for  If 
I  did  not  restniB  my  bceath  I  ahoaM  Mow  the  milk  over, 
and  perhaiM  th*  hlU  too  on  wbMi  they  atand."— Comteae 
D'Aoaojr.  #Wry  Talm  ("Portuto."  1882). 


Bold  Beauchamp  [Beech'-am^  a 
proverbial  phrase  similar  to  **an  Achilles,** 
"a  Hector,**  etc  The  reference  is  to 
Thomas  de  Beaachamp,  earl  of  Warwick, 
who,  with  one  squire  and  six  archers, 
overthrew  a  hundred  armed  men  at 
Hogges,  in  Normandy,  in  1346. 

So  had  we  atOl  dt  oon.  In  rianoe  that  famous  were;. 
Wanrkk.  of  Bnglaad  then  bi«h-ooBttahle  that  waa. 
...  So  hiuiljr,  great,  and  atrong. 
That  after  of  that  name  it  to  an  adage  grew. 
If  anf  man  hlmaelf  adventuromi  happed  to  ahew, 
"  Bold  Beaadtamp"  men  him  termed,  if  none  ao  bold  ai 
he. 

Dngrton,  PO^roWott,  nrUL  (161)). 

Bold  Stroke  fbr  a  Husband,  a 

comedy  by  Mrs.  Cowley.  There  are  two 
plots :  one  a  bold  stroke  to  get  the  man 
of  one*s  choice  for  a  husband,  and  the 
other  a  bold  stroke  to  keep  a  husband. 
Olivia  de  Zuniga  fixed  her  heart  on  Julio 
de  Messina,  and  refused  or  disgusted  all 
suitors  till  he  came  forward.  Donna 
Victoria,  in  order  to  keep  a  husband, 
disguised  herself  in  man*s  apparel,  as- 
sumed the  name  of  Florio,  and  made  love 
as  a  man  to  her  husband*s  mistress.  She 
contrived  by  an  artifice  to  get  back  an 
estate  which  don  Carlos  had  made  over 
to  his  mistress,  and  thus  saved  her  hus- 
band from  ruin  (1782). 

Bold  Stroke  for  a  Wifb.    Old 

Ix>vely  at  death  left  his  daughter  Anne 
£30,000,  but  with  this  proviso,  that  she 
was  to  forfeit  the  money  if  she  married 
without  the  consent  of  her  guardians. 
Now,  her  guardians  were  four  in  number, 
and  their  characters  so  widel}"  dif- 
ferent that  "they  never  ftgi]eed  on  any 
one  thing.*'  They  were  sir  Philip  Mode- 
love,  an  old  beau  ;  Mr.  Periwinkle,  a  silly 
virtuoso ;  Mr.  Tradelove,  a  broker  on 
'Change ;  and  Mr.  Olwuiiah  Prim,  a  hypo- 
critical quaker.  Colonel  Feign  well  con- 
trived to  flatter  all  the  guardians  to  the 
top  of  their  bent,  and  won  the  heiress. 
—Mrs.  Centlivre  (1717). 

Bol'ga,  the  southern  parts  of  Ireland, 
so  called  from  the  Fir-bolg  or  Belgie  of 
Britain  who  settled  there.  Bolg  means  a 
**<juiver,"  and  Fir-bolg  means  **  bowmen.** 

Tha  diieb  of  Bolga  crowd  round  ttie  ahlald  of 
OathBior.~Oa<an,  Trnmi  i*.  fl. 


Bolster,  a  famous  Wrath,  who  com- 
pelled St.  Agnes  to  gather  up  the  boulders 
which  infested  his  territory.  She  carried 
three  apronfuls  to  the  top  of  a  hill,  hence 
ealled  l^t.  Agnes*  Beacon.    (SeeWRATH*8 

HOLB.) 

BoPton  (Stauxxrth),  an  English  oflSoer 
in  The  Monastery ^  a  novel  by  sir  W. 
Scott  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Bolton  Ass.  This  creature  is  said 
to  have  chewed  tobacco  and  taken  snuff. 
— ^Dr.  Doran. 

Bomba  IKingY,  a  nickname  given  to 
Ferdinand  II.  of  Naples,  in  conseijiience 
of  his  cruel  bombardment  of  Messi'na  in 
1848.  His  son,  who  bombarded  Palermo 
in  1860,  is  called  BombalCno  (**  Little 
Bomba  **). 

AyoongSlcnian,  too.  waa  there  .  .  . 
[ir*oJ  being  lebeUhMi  to  hla  Ikpa, 
After  Palemc^t  Catal  alese. 
Acroai  the  western  aaaa  he  Sed 
In  good  king  Bomba'a  happr  ralgn. 

LoDgfeUow.  The  H'apHde  Inn  (prelnda). 

Bombardin'iaxL,  general  of  the 
forces  of  king  Chrononhotontholo^os. 
He  invites  the  king  to  his  tent,  and  gives 
him  hashed  pork.  The  king  strikes  him, 
and  calls  him  traitor.  **  Traitor,  in  thy 
teeth,**  replies  the  general.  They  fight,  and 
the  king  is  killed. — H.  Carey,  (%rotio9^ 
hotonthotogos  (a  buriesque). 

Bombastes  Furioso.  general  of 
Artaxani'inous  (king  of  Utopia).  He 
is  plighted  to  Distafii'na,  but  Artax- 
ammous  promises  her  ^*  half-a-crown  '*  if 
she  will  forsake  the  general  for  himself. 
**This  bright  reward  of  ew-darin^ 
minds  *'  is  irresistible.  When  Bombastes 
sees  himself  flouted,  he  goes  mad,  and 
hangs  his  boots  on  a  tree,  with  this  label 
duly  displayed : 

Who  darea  thh  pair  of  hooto  dMaeik 
Mint  meet  Bombaarta  Ihee  to  &Ma. 

The  king,  coming  up,  cuts  down  the  boots, 
and  Bombastes  *<kills  him.**  Fusboe, 
seeing  the  king  fallen,  **  kills  **  the  gene- 
ral ;  out  at  the  close  of  the  farce  the 
dead  men  rise  one  by  one,  and  join  the 
dance,  promising,  if  the  audience  likes, 
'*  to  die  again  to-morrow.** — W.  B, 
Rhodes,  Bombasies  FuHoto, 

*#*  'this  farce  is  a  travesty  of  Orlando 
FuriosOf  and  '*  Distafiina'*  is  Angelica,  be> 
ioved  by  Orlando,  whom  she  flouted  for 
Medoro  a  young  Moor.  On  this  Orlando 
went  mad^  *nu  hunsr  up  his  armour  on  a 
tiee,  with  this  distich  attached  thereto : 

Orlando'*  am*  lat  none  dlqilaee. 
But  aHh  whoTB  Mat  hbD  tee  to  kaa 


BOMBASTES  FURIOSO. 


181 


BONNIYARD. 


In  the  Reieanal,  hj  the  dnke  of  Back- 
n^cbsm,  Bajes*  troops  ue  killed,  erery 
OMQ  of  them,  by  Dnwcmntir,  but  revive, 
and  **  go  off  on  their  Im.** 

See  the  trmnslation  of  Dim  QmxoUf  by 
a  H.  WUmot,  Esq.,  it  868  (1764). 

BombasUs  FuHon  {The  Frtnch),  capi- 
tsine  FiBcaaae.— Th^phile  Guitier. 

Bomibas'tiLB,  the  funily  name  of 
Ftmcelsiu.  He  is  said  to  have  kcffit  a 
small  dcrU  prisoner  in  tiie  pommel  of  his 


!■  the  potBBMl  of  Ml  flvord. 

•D  thv  cmiBiBc  punfci 


Off 


8L  BMkr.  MuHWma,  0.  %. 

Bo'nmarte'B  Canoer.    Napoleon 
saffcved  from  an  intonal  cancer. 


fabMoaa). 


Bonas'stlflf  sn  imaginary  wild  beast, 
vU^  flie  Ettnck  shei£erd  encomitered. 
(The  Ettriek  ahei^enl  was  James  Hogg, 
tke  Scotch  poet.)— ilTociM  AitJIfrotknuB 
(He.  xhriiL,  April,  1830). 

Boonaventu're  (/VifJUr),  a  disguise 
ssiHmi  il  for  the  nonce  by  the  chevalier 
Ckarles  Edward,  the  pretender.— Sir  W. 
Scott,  lUdgamUUt  (time,  George  III.). 

Bondn'oa  or  Boadioe'a,  wife  of 
Pnesn'taguB  king  of  the  Ice'ni.  For  the 
better  security  of  his  family,  Pnesotagns 
Bade  the  em  poor  of  Rome  coheir  with 
Us  daoghters  ;  whereupon  the  Roman 
•CcexB  took  posoession  of  his  pi^ace, 
pre  up  the  princesses  to  the  licentious 
brstality  of  the  Roman  soldiers,  and 
teourged  the  queen  in  public  Bonduca, 
nmaed  to  vengeance,  assembled  an  army, 
Wrnt  the  Roman  colonies  of  London, 
Colchester  [Oxfna/o(ltmtim1,yenilam,  etc., 
sod  slew  above  80,000  Romans.  Sub- 
lequently,  Sueto'nius  Paullnus  defeated 
the  Britcms,  and  Bonduca  poisoned  herself, 
A.D.  61.  Jc^n  Fletcher  wrote  a  tragedy 
entitled  BomNoa  (1647). 

Bone-setter  {Tke),  Sarah  Mapp 
(died  1786). 

Bc/ney,  a  familiar  contraction  of 
Bo'naparte  (8  sy/.),  osed  Xjy  the  English 
in  the  early  part  of  the  nineteenth  cen- 
toTT  by  way  of  depreciation.  Thus 
Thorn.  Moore  speaks  of  **the  infidel 
Booey." 

Bonhcmune  (Jbc^ws),  a  peasant  who 
interferes  with  p(dttic8 ;  hence  tne  peasants* 
relelllun  of  1368  was  called  La  Jaoquerie^ 


The  words  may  be  rendered  ''Jimmy **  of 
«*  Jhonny  GoodfeDow." 

Bon'ifkoe  {8t,\  an  Anglo-Saxon 
whose  name  was  Wmifrid  or  Winfrith, 
bom  in  Devonshire.  He  was  made  ardi- 
bishop  of  Mayence  by  pope  Gr^ory  111., 
andis  called  *'TheApo8tleof  the  Germans.^ 
St.  Boniface  was  murdered  in  Friesland 
by  some  peasants,  and  his  day  is  June  5 
(680-755). 

«  «  •  Ml  FHcriuri  nnC  8I>  BaiilfiM!^  oor  Mil» 
Who  of  th«  tee  of  Montx.  while  tbera  he  a«t  poaaHed, 
At  Dednm  hvl  Idi  doirth.  br  fWthlea  rriateiu  afein. 
UntUrn,  rffWew.  zzhr.  (Itttl. 

Bcn'ifaee  {Faiher)^  ex-abbot  of  Kenna- 
qubair.  He  first  appears  under  the  name 
of  Blinkhoodie  in  the  character  of  gardener 
at  Kinross,  and  afterwards  as  the  old 
gardener  at  Dundrennan.  {Kermaquhair^ 
that  is,  "I  know  not  where/')— Sir  W. 
Scott,  The  Abbot  (Uroe,  Elizabeth). 

Bon'ifaoe  (The  abbot),  successor  of  the 
abbot  Ingelram^  Superior  of  St.  Mary*s 
Convent.— Sir  w.  Scott,  The  Iloncutery 
(time,  Elizabeth). 

Bon'iface,  landlord  of  the  inn  at  Lich- 
field, in  league  with  the  highwaymen. 
This  sleek,  jolly  publican  is  fond  of  the 
cant  phrase,  '*as  the  saying  is.**  Thus, 
'*  Does  your  master  stay  in  town,  as  the 
saying  is? *'  '*  So  well,  as  the  saying  is, 
I  could  wish  we  had  more  of  them. 
'*  Tm  old  Will  Boniface  ;  pretty  weU 
known  upon  this  road,  as  the  sajri'ng  is.*' 
He  had  lived  at  Lichfield  *'  man  and  boy 
above  eif^ht  and  fifty  years,  and  not  con- 
sumed eight  and  fifty  ounces  of  meat.** 
He  says : 

**  I  hare  fed  pordj  apon  ale.  I  hate  eat  my  ale,  drank 
my  ale.  and  I  annm  Hleef»  apon  1117  alo."— Georae  FartiV' 
har.  nu  Seaiig'  Stratngtm,  1 1  a707). 


Bonne  Beine,  Claude  de  France, 
daughter  of  Louis  XII.  and  wife  of 
Franv-ois  I.  (1499-1524). 

Bonnet  {Je  parte  h  vwh)^  "I  am 
talking  to  myself.** 

Barpagan.  A  qai  tu  parlef 

L»  Ftio*.  Je  parte  4  aion  bomiet. 

MoUlre.  ffAmr*.  L  S  (IMT). 

Bonnet  Bouge,  a  red  republican, 
so  called  from  the  red  cap  of  liberty 
which  he  wore. 

Bonnivard  {Fran^U  d«),  the  pris- 
oner of  Chi  lion.  In  Byron's  poem  he 
was  one  of  six  brothers,  five  of  whom 
died  violent  deaths.  The  father  and  two 
sons  died  on  the  battle-field ;  one  was 
burnt  at  the  stake ;  three  were  imprisoned 
in  the  dungeon  of  Chillon,  near  the  lake 
of  Cieneva.    Two  of  the  three  died,  and 


BONSTETTIN. 


122 


BORAX. 


Prancoia  iraa  set  at  liberty  by  Henri  the 
Bearoais.  They  were  incarcerated  by 
the  duke-bishop  of  Savoy  for  repablican 
principles  (1496-1570). 

Bonstet'tin  (Xichoias),  the  old 
deputy  of  Schwitz,  and  one  of  the  depu- 
ties of  the  Swiss  confederacy  to  Charles 
duke  of  Burgundy. — Sir  W.' Scott,  Anne 
of  Oeierstein  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Bon'temps  {Jioffer)^  the  personi- 
fication of  that  buoyant  spirit  which  is 
always  'inclined  to  hof>e  rathei*  than 
fear/'  and  in  the  very  midnight  of  dis- 
tress is  ready  to  exclaim,  *'  There's  a  good 
time  coming,  wait  a  little  longer."  The 
character  is  Uie  creation  of  Beranger. 

VoM,  pMiTTM  pleina  d'enrto^ 

Voui,  rlcbw  diaireux ; 
Toui,  dont  le  cbar  d4vl« 

Aptia  un  coun  h«ur«ux ; 
Vous.  qui  p«rdm  peut-4tre 

Das  titrw  felatiuia, 
Kb  gai  I  (iranex  pour  owltre 

Le  gros  Roger  Bout«iui>«. 

Btnatgn  0S14). 

Bon'thron  (Anthony)^  one  of  Ra- 
momy's  followers ;  employed  to  murder 
Smith,  the  lover  of  Catherine  Glover 
C'tho  fair  maid  of  Perth"),  but  he  mur- 
dered Oliver  instead,  by  mistake.  When 
charged  with  the  crime,  he  demanded  a 
trial  by  combat,  and  being  defeated  by 
Smith,  confessed  his  guilt  and  was  hanged. 
He  was  restored  to  life,  but  being  again 
apprehended  was  executed. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Fair  Maid  of  Perth  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

Bon  Ton,  a  farce  by  Garrick.  Its 
design  is  to  show  the  evil  efifects  of  the 
.introduction  of  forci^jn  morals  and  foreign 
manners.  Lord  Minikin  neglects  his  wife, 
and  Hirts  with  Miss  Tittup.  Lady  Mini- 
kin hates  her  husband,  and  flirts  with 
colonel  Tivy.  Miss  Tittup  is  engaged  to 
the  colonel."  Sir  John  Trotley,  who  does 
not  understand  ban  ton,  thinks  this  sort 
of  flirtation  very  objectionable.  "  You'll 
excuse  mo,  for  such  old-fashioned  notions, 
I  am  sure"  (1760). 

BooTby  {Lady),  a  vulgar  upstart,  who 
tries  to  seduce  her  footman,  Joseph 
Andrews.  Parson  Adams  reproves  her 
for  laughing  in  church.  I^dy  Boobv  is 
a  caricature  of  Richardson's  •'Pamela." 
— Fielding,  Joseph  Andrews  (1742). 

Boone  (1  syl.)^  colonel  [afterwards 
"general"]  Daniel  Boone,  in  the  United 
States'  service,  was  one  of  the  earliest 
settlers  in  Kentucky,  where  he  signalized 
himself  by  many  daring  exploits  against 
the  Red  Indians  (]7a.'>-1820). 


Of  an  men.  Mrlng  9f[tk  tfae  man-ilaj-er .  .  . 

The  Kn«nU  Boon.  Ui«  back'Voodtuian  of  Keotndir. 

Wm  oappiert  •moiigBt  mortab  aiij-wherr.  etc. 

BfToa,  Dim  Juati,  viU.  «1-«S  (1821). 

Booshalloch  {Neil),  cowherd  to 
Ian  Eachin  M'lan,  chief  of  the  clao 
Quhele.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Fair  Maid  of 
Perth  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

Boo'tes  (8  syl,),  Areas  son  of  Jupiter 
and  Calisto.  One  day  his  mother,  in  the 
semblance  of  a  b^r,  met  him,  and  Areas 
was  on  the  point  of  killing  it,  when 
Jupiter,  to  prevent  the  murder,  converted 
him  into  a  constellation,  either  Bodies  or 
Ursa  Major. — Pansanias,  Itinerary  of 
Qreece^  viii.  4. 

Path  not  erten  worthily  dewrvt 

A  bigiier  place  . . . 

Than  tnii  BoOtte,  who  wae  plnoed  aboro 

Only  becaine  the  soda  did  eW  farMca 

tie  abould  Uie  murderer  of  bla  moUier  be? 

Lord  Brooke.  Of  /tobim^. 

Booth,  husband  of  Amelia.  Said  to 
be  a  drawing  of  the  author's  own  character 
and  experiences.  He  has  all  the  vices  of 
Tom  Jones,  with  an  additional  share  of 
meanness. — Fielding,  Amelia  (1751). 

Borach'io,  a  follower  of  don  John 
of  Aragon.  He  is  a  great  villain,  en- 
gaged to  Margaret,  the  waiting-woman  of 
Hero. — Shakespeare,  Much  Ado  about 
Nothing  (1600). 

Borach'io,  a  drunkard.  (Spanish,  6or- 
rachOf  *' drunk ;"6orracAt4^,  "a  tippler.") 

"  Why,  jroa  itlnk  of  wine  1  D'jre  think  my  niece  will  ever 
endure  mdi  a  borachk} }  You're  an  abaohite  BoiBchlo.*^ 
W.  COngrave.  Th«  Waj/ ^  tk»  Worid  (17«WK 

Borachio  (Joseph)^  landlord  of  the 
Eagle  hotel,  in  Salamanca. — Jephson,  TVco 
Strings  to  your  Bow  (1792). 

Bor'ak  (-40,  the  animal  brought  bv 
Gabriel  to  convey  Mahomet  to  the  seventh 
heaven.  The  word  means  "  lightning.** 
Al  Borak  had  the  face  of  a  man,  but  Uie 
cheeks  of  a  horse ;  its  eyes  were  like 
jacinths,  but  brilliant  as  the  stars  ;  it  had 
cable's  wings,  glistened  all  over  with 
radiant  light,  and  it  spoke  with  a  human 
voice.  This  was  one  of  the  ten  animals 
(not  of  the  race  of  man)  received  into 
paradise.    (See  Animal^  etc.) 

Burak  was  a  fine-limbed,  higfa-ctanding  borsa.  ttrooff  te 
frmnie,  and  wiUi  a  coat  as  gloss)  at  niarblr.  UU  colour 
waa  taflh>n,  with  one  hair  of  gokl  for  etvrf  three  of 
tnwnf  ;  liU  ean  were  resUoae  and  pointed  like  a  reed :  hl« 
eyes  large  and  full  of  fire ;  his  noetrilH  wide  and  steaming ; 
he  had  a  white  itar  on  his  foreboul,  a  neck  gracefkilljr 
nrrlicd,  a  mane  wft  and  aiiky.  and  a  thick  tail  Uuit  swwpt 
the  ground.— CVofu^mito^iM.  11.  9. 

Borax,  IVosa,  or  Crapon'dinus, 
a  stone  extracted  from  a  toad.  It  is  the 
antidote  of  poison. — Mirror  of  Stones, 

...  the  hMid.  0^  and  renonioaa. 
Wean  yet  a  predow  Jewel  In  his  head. 
Bbakmfmn,  At  Fou  LUt*  K  met  lite.  I  (IMO). 


BOBDES  MINSTREU 


123 


BORS. 


Border  Minstrel  (TV),  sir  Wilter 
Scott  (1771-1832). 

Il7  aiipi  tW  Barte  MhMlivl  led. 


Border  States  (of  Nora  America) : 
Delaware,  Maryland,  Virginia,  Ken- 
tnckj,  and  Miacioari.  So  called  because 
thty  bordered  upon  the  line  of  Free 
States  and  Slave-liolding  States.  The 
t«rm  is  now  an  anachronism. 

Bore  (1  «y/.),  »  tidal  wave.  The 
largest  are  those  of  the  Ganges  (espe- 
cially the  Hooghly  branch),  Brahmaputra, 
and  Indus.  In  Great  Britain,  the  Severn, 
the  Trent,  the  Wye,  the  Solway,  the  Dee 
in  Qieahire,  the  Clyde,  Dornoch  Frith, 
and  tiw  Lane.  That  of  the  Trent  is 
caDedUte^heygre.** 

Bo'reaSy  the  north  wind.  He  lived  in 
a  cave  on  mount  Hiemus,  in  Thrace. 

Obmb.  rade  Boreaa.  Unteriof  nibr. 

Q.  A.  Slepbaa.  t%«  SJUpm^ek. 

Bor'gia  (Lticrezia  di),  duchess  of  Fer- 
la'ra,  wife  of  don  Alfonso.     Her  natural 
son  Genna'ro  was  brought  up  by  a  fisher- 
man in  Naples,   but  when  he  grew   to 
manhood  a  stranger  gave  him  a  paper 
from  his  mother,  announcing  to  him  that 
be  was  of  noble  blood,  but  concealing  his 
name  and  family.     He  saved  the  life  of 
Oni'ni  in  the  battle  of  Kim'ini,  and  they 
became  sworn  friends.    In  Venice  he  was 
introduced  to  a  party  of  nobles,  all  of 
whom  had  some  tale  to  tell  against  Lu- 
crma:  Orsini  told  him  she  had  murdered 
her  brother ;  Vitc'lli,  that  she  had  caused 
his  uncle  to  be  slain  ;  Liverotto,  that  she 
had  poisoned  his  uncle  Appia'no ;  Gazella, 
that  she  had  caused  one  of  his  relatives 
to  be  drowned  in  the  Tiber.   Indignant  at 
then  acts  of  wickedness,  Gennaro  struck 
•ff  the  B  from  the  escutcheon  of  the  duke's 
pdace  at  Ferrara,  changing  the  name 
Borgia  into  Orgia.     Lucrezia  prayed  the 
dake  to  put  to  death  the  man  who  had 
tims  insnlted  tiieir  noble  house,  and  Gen- 
naro w^  condemned  to  death  by  poison. 
locrezia,  to  save  him,  gave  him  an  anti- 
dote, and  let  him  out  of  prison  by  a  secret 
<fa>or.  Soon  after  his  liberation  the  princess 
Kcgmu,  a  friend  of  the  Boigias,  gave  a 
grand  rapper,  to  which  Gennaro  and  his 
companions  were  invited.    At  the  close  of 
the  nanqnei  they  were  all  arrested  by 
Lucrezia,  after  having  drunk   poisoned 
vine.    Gennaro  was  told  he  was  the  son 
of  Lucrezia,  and  died.   Lucrezia  no  sooner 
ssw  him  die  tiian  she  died  also. — Doni- 
sttii,  Lmcrezia  di  Borgia  (an  opera,  1835). 

BorosUe  (3  sy/.),  a  malicious  coun- 


sellor of  the  great-duke  of  Hoscovia. — 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The  Loyal 
Subject  (1618). 

Borough  (The),  in  ten-syllable  verse 
with  rhymes,  in  twenty-four  letters,  is  by 
George  Crabbe  (1810). 

Bor'oughcUff  (Captain),  a  vulgar 
Yankee,  boastful,  conceited,  and  slangy. 
"I  guess,"  "I  reckon,"  "I  calculate," 
are  used  indifferently  by  him,  and  he 
perpetually  appeals  to  sergeant  Drill  to 
confirm  his  boastful  assertions :  as,  "  I'm 
a  pretty  considerable  favourite  with  the 
hMlies;  am't  I,  sergeant  Drill?'*  *'My 
character  for  valour  is  pretty  well  known ; 
isn't  it,  sergeant  Drill  ? "  '*  If  you  once 
saw  me  in  batUe,  you'd  never  forget  it ; 
would  he,  sergeant  Drill  ?  "  **  I'm  a  sort 
of  a  kind  of  a  nonentity ;  am*t  I,  sergeant 
Drill?"  etc  He  is  made  the  butt  of 
Long  Tom  Coffin.  Colonel  Howard 
wishes  him  to  marry  hu  niece  Katharine, 
but  the  young  lady  has  given  her  hetft  to 
lieutenant  Barnstable,  who  turns  out  to 
be  the  colonel's  son,  and  succeeds  at  last 
in  marrying  the  lady  of  his  affectioa  — 
E.  FitzbaU,  The  Pilot. 

Borre  (1  «^/.),  natural  son  of  king 
Arthur,  and  one  of  the  knights  of  the 
Round  Table.  His  mother  was  Lyo- 
nors,  an  earl's  daughter,  who  came  to  do  ' 
homage  to  the  young  king. — Sir  T. 
Malory,  History  of  JPrmcd  Arthur,  i.  16 
(1470). 

*^*  Sir  Bors  de  Ganis  is  quite  another 
person,  and  so  is  king  Bors  of  GauL 

Borrioboola Gha, m  Africa.    (See. 
Jklltby,  Mrs.) 

Borro'meo  {Charles),  cardinal  and 
archbishop  of  Milan.  Immortalized  by 
his  self-devotion  in  ministering  at  Mil'an 
to  the  plague-stricken  (1538-1584). 

St.  Roche,  who  died  1S27,  dev^oted 
himself  in  a  similar  manner  to  those 
stricken  with  the  plague  at  Piacenza ;  and 
Mompesson  to  the  people  of  Eyam.  In 
1720-22  H.  Francis  Xavier  de  Belsunce 
was  indefatigable  in  ministering  to  the 
plague-stricken  of  Marseilles. 

Borrowing.  Whogoeth  a-horrowing, 
goeth  a-sorrowing.—T,  Tusser,  Five  Hun- 
dred Points  of  Good  Husbandry,  xv.  8 
and  again  xUi.  6(1657). 

Bors  (King)  of  Gaul,  brother  of  king 
Ban  of  Benwicke  [?  Brittany].  They 
went  to  the  aid  of  prince  Arthur  when 
he  was  first  establisned  on  the  British 
throne,  and  Arthur  promised  in  return  to 


BORS. 


1S4 


BOTUWKLI* 


aid  them  against  king  ClaadaSi  *' a  mighty 

man  of  men,"  who  warred  af^inst  them. 

— Sir  T.  Malory,  History  of  Prmoe  Arthur 

(1470). 

Tktmt  are  two  bwthwn  beyond  th«  mm,  mid  ther  ktna 
both  . . .  Um  oim  blgbt  king  BM  of  Bmwlrfc*.  and  tb« 
otiMT  bl^t  kins  Bon  of  OmiI  thiA  hi.  mnea.— PC  L  a 


(Sir  Bors  was  of  Ganis,  that  is.  Wales, 
and  was  a  knight  of  the  Roond  Table. 
So  also  was  Borre  ^natural  son  of  prince 
Arthur),  also  called  sir  Bors  sometimes.) 

Bort  (Sir),  called  sir  Bors  de  (janis, 
brother  of  sir  Lionell  and  nephew  of  sir 
Launcelot.  "  For  all  women  was  he 
a  virgin,  save  for  one,  the  daughter  of 
king  Brand^oris,  on  whom  he  had  a 
child,  hight  Elaine;  save  for  her,  sir 
Bors  was  a  clean  maid  **  (ch.  iv.).  When 
he  went  to  Corbin,  and  saw  Galahad  the 
son  of  sir  Launcelot  and  Elaine  (daughter 
of  king  Pellcs),  he  prayed  that  the  child 
might  prove  as  good  a  knight  as  his 
father,  and  instantly  a  vision  of  the  holy 
greal  was  vouchsafed  him  ;  for— 


Bude  is  also  in  Ck>iiiwaU,  on  the  Biirtol 

ChanneL 


Tboraouno  •  white  dovo.  bonring  •  Httlt  eanwr  of  gold 
In  ber  bin . . .  sadanMidM  that  bear  tha  SancgreaU.  and 
•tMiafal."Wlt  ye  wall,  sir  Bon.  that  this  chUd  ...  AaU 
achieve  the  SancgreaU**. . .  then  thoy  kneeled  down  . .. 
and  there  was  Mich  a  saTour  as  all  the  splcanr  in  the  woild 
had  been  there.  And  whan  the  dore  took  her  fligbt, 
the  nmiden  vanlriied  awajr  with  Uie  ftutcgrealL— Pt  1974 

Sir  Bors  was  with  sir  Galahad  and  sir 
Percival  when  the  consecrated  wafer 
assumed  the  visible  and  bodily  appearance 
of  the  Saviour.  And  this  is  what  is 
meant  by  achieving  the  holy  greal ;  for 
when  they  partook  of  the  wafer  their 
eyes  saw  the  Saviour  enter  it.— Sir  T. 
Malory,  History  of  Prince  Arthur,  iii. 
101,  102  (1470). 

N.B. — This  sir  Bors  must  not  be  con- 
founded with  sir  Borre,  a  natural  son  of 
king  Arthur  and  Lyonors  (daughter  of 
the  earl  Sanam,  pt.  i.  1,5),  nor  yet  with 
king  Bors  of  Gaul,  Le.  France  (pt.  i.  8). 

Bortell,  the  bull,  in  the  beast-epic 
called  iUynard  the  Fox  (1498). 

BoB'oaii-[AlinogaVa],  a  Spanish 

poet   of    Barcelona    (1500-1548).      His 

l>oems  are  generally  bound  up  with  those 

of  Garcilasso.  They  introduced  the  Italian 

style  into  Castilian  poetry. 

Soroeilmes  he  tamed  to  gaae  npon  hb  book, 
Boaoui.  or  Qardlaao. 

B/roo,  DoH  Juam,  L  IS  (UOS), 

Bosmi'na,  daughter  of  Fingal  king 
of  Morven  (north-west  coast  of  Scotland). 
— Ossian. 

Bobs,  of  Arthurian  legend,  is  Boscastle, 
in    Cornwall,  on    the    Bristol   Channel. 


in 


tha 


timndariiwihem  flf  Bude  and 
Tannyson,  IdglU  V  <*« 


Bossu  (HAi/ie),  French  scholar  and 
critic  (16dl>1680). 


And  tat  the  epie  poam  ytnrloHUbip  bade  bm  look  at. 
npon  taking  the  length,  faceadth.  hdgkt.  and  depth  of 
U,  and  tiTing  them  at  home  upon  an  enet  mile  at 
Boon's,  tis  out,  ntirtad.  In  evaqrone  of  Ma  dlmwMhine. — 
Sterne  (1708). 

(I  think  Sterne  means  the  Abb^  Bossut, 
the  mathematician.  His  critic  tried  the 
book  on  its  **len^,  breadth,  and  depth  ;** 
or  perhaps  he  wishes  to  confound  the  two 
Mitliori.) 

Bossut  (Abb^  Charles),  a  celebrated 
mathematician  (173a«]814). 

(Sir  Richard  Phillips  assumed  a  host 
of  populsr  names,  amongst  others  that  of 
if.  fAU^  Bossut  in  several  educational 
works  in  French.) 

Bosta'na,  one  of  the  two  daughters 
of  the  old  man  who  entrapped  princ« 
Assad  in  order  to  offer  him  in  sacrifice 
on  **the  fiery  lyiountain.**  His  other 
daughter  was  named  Cava'ma.  The  old 
man  enjoined  these  two  daughters  to 
scoui^e  the  prince  daily  with  the  bas- 
tinado and  feed  him  with  bread  and 
water  till  the  day  of  sacrifice  arrived. 
After  a  time,  the  heart  of  Bostana  soft- 
ened towards  her  captive,  and  she  re- 
leased him.  Whereupon  his  brother 
Amgiad,  out  of  gratitude,  made  her  hia 
wife,  and  became  in  time  king  of  the  city 
in  wnich  he  was  already  vizier. — Arabicm 
Nights  ("  Amgiad  and  Assad  "). 

Bostodk^  a  coxcomb,  cracked  on  the 
point  of  aristocracy  and  family  birth. 
His  one  and  only  inquiry  is  **  How  many 

?iuarterings  has  a  person  got  ?  "  Desomt 
rom  the  nobilit>*  with  him  covers  a 
multitude  of  sins,  and  a  man  is  no  one, 
whatever  his  personal  merit,  who  "is 
not  a  sprig  of  the  nobility " — Jamea 
Shirley,  The  Ball  (1642). 

Bot'any  (Father  of  English),  W. 
Turner,  MTd.  (1620-1668). 

J.  P.  de  Toumefort  is  called  The  Father 
of  Botany  {1656-170S), 

♦*♦  Xntony  de  Jussicu  lived  1686- 
1758,  and  his  brother  Bernard  1699-1777. 

Bothwell  {Sergeant),  alias  Francis 
Stewart,  in  the  royal  army. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Old  Mortality  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Bothtoell  (Lady),  sbter  of  lady 
Forester. 


BOTTLED  BEER. 


125 


BOUNTY. 


Sb-  Oeoftrw  Botkwttt,  Hie  hnsUad  of 
kdvBotliwelL 

kn,  Margaret  BolhweU,  in  the  intro- 
ductioii  of  the  stoiy.  Aant  Maigaret 
propowd  to  iiM  Mrs.  Margaret's  tomb- 
stone for  her  own.— Sir  \V.  Scott,  AtaU 
MaryarefM  Mirror  (time,  William  III.). 

BotUod  Beer,  Alexander  Nowell, 
author  of  a  celebrated  Latin  catedusm 
vUch  first  appeared  in  1570,  under  the 
title  <rf  C^ruiiana  pietatis  prima  Insti' 
tmtm,  mi  unon  ScMarmn  Latins  Scrota, 
lo  1560  he  was  promoted  to  the  deanery 
of  St.  Paul's  (1507-1602).  —  Fuller, 
Wortkiga  of  England  ("  Lancashire  **). 

Bottom  (2^*ck)t  an  Athenian  weaver, 
a  compound  of  profound  ignorance  and 
onbonnded  conceit,  not  without  good 
nature  and  a  fair  dash  of  mother-wit. 
When  the  play  of  Piramma  and  Thisbc 
n  csat.  Bottom  covets  every  pari ;  the 
Hob,  Thisbd,  Pvrftmus,  all  have  charms 
for  him.  In  order  to  punish  Titan'ia,  the 
Cury-king  made  her  dote  on  Bottom,  on 
whom  Puck  had  placed  an  ass's  head. — 
Shakmeare,  MicUummer  Nighfa  Dream, 
.  WUa  n<>ihHtltfc.  jMloM  of  the  Mtantkm  vlildi  a 
*Mt  ■Mbr  attiMtod  te  •  eoA»-hMM.  wU.  "  I  cm 
«•  ihtt  w  wriL' and  was  abniH  t«  attanpt  it.  IM  «M  bat 
iT—JL  G.  Wbita. 


Bottomless  Pit  (7^),  a  ludicrous 
•otriquet  of  William  Pitt,  who  was  re- 
msikably  thin  (1759-1806). 

Boubekir'  MneB'in,  of  Ba^^dad, 
*'a  vain,  proud,  and  envious  iman, 
whs  hated  the  rich  beouise  he  him- 
self  was  poor."  When  prince  Zeyn 
Alssnam  came  to  the  city,  he  told  ttie 
people  to  beware  of  him,  for  probably  he 
VS8  "some  thief  who  bad  made  himself 
rich  by  plunder.**  The  prince's  attendant 
called  on  him,  put  into  his  hand  a  purse 
of  gold,  and  reonested  the  honour  of  his 
seqvaintance.  Next  day,  after  morning 
pnnr^'**  the  iman  said  to  the  people,  **  I 
ond,  my  brethren,  that  the  stranger  who 
is  come  to  Bagdad  is  a  young  prince 
possessed  of  a  thousand  virtues,  and 
vorthy  the  love  of  all  men.  Let  us  pro- 
tect lum,  and  rejoice  that  he  has  come 
uwBg  M,'*— Arabian  Nights  (<*  Prince 
Zejn  Alssnam  **). 

Bouchard  (Sir),  a  knight  of  Flan- 
ders, of  most  lumoorable  descent.  He 
Mfffied  Constance,  daoghter  of  Bertulphe 
pmrost  of  BnigM.  In  1127  Charies  *<the 
Oood,**  earl  of  FUnders,  made  a  hiw  that 
t  serf  was  always  a  serf  till  manumitted, 
•ad  whoever  married  a  serf  beeame 
t  serf.     Mow,  Bertulphe's   father  was 


Thancmar's  serf,  and  Bertulphe,  who  had 
raised  himself  to  wealth  and  great  honour, 
was  reduced  to  serfdom  borause  his  father 
was  not  manumitted.  By  the  same  law 
Bouchard,  although  a  knight  of  royai 
blood,  became  Thancmar's  serf  because 
he  married  Constance,  Uie  daughter  of 
Bertulphe  (provost  of  Bruges).  The 
result  of  this  absurd  law  was  that 
Bertulphe  slew  the  earl  and  then  himself, 
Constance  went  mad  and  died,  Bouchard 
and  Thancmar  slew  each  other  in  fight, 
and  all  Bruges  was  thrown  into  confusion. 
— S.  Knowles,  The  Frovott  of  Bruges 
(1836). 

Boru^ht  Wit  is  Dear.  Wisdom 
gained  by  experience  is  dearly  bought. — 
G.  Gascoigne,  Magnwn  VectigaL  etc, 
(died  1677). 

Bou'illon  (Godfrey  duke  of),  a 
crusader  (1058-1100),  introduced  in  Qntnt 
Robert  of  Farie,  a  novel  by  sir  W.  Scott 
(time,  Rufus). 

Bounce  (Mr,  T,\  a  nickname  given 
in  1837  to  T.  Barnes,  editor  of  the  Timet 
(or  the  TvrMhout^  as  it  was  called). 

Bound'erb^  (Jonah\  of  Coketown, 
banker  and  mill-owner,  the  **  Bully  of 
Humility,"  a  bi^,  loud  man,  with  an  iron 
stare  and  metallic  laugh.  Mr.  Boundcrby 
is  the  son  of  Mrs.  Feglcr,  an  old  woman, 
to  whom  he  pays  £30  a  ^ear  to  keep  out 
of  sight,  and  in  a  boasting  way  he  pre- 
tends that  "he  was  dragg^  up  from  the 
gutter  to  become  a  millionaire."  Mr. 
Bounderby  marries  Louisa,  daughter  of 
his  neighbour  and  friend,  Thomas  Grad- 
ffrind,  Esq.,  M.P.— C.  Dickens,  Hard 
Timee  (1864). 

Bountiftll  (Lady),  widow  of  sir 
Charles  BountifuL  Her  delight  was 
curing  the  parish  sick  and  relieving  the 
indigent. 

My  bdf  BountlAil  k  om  of  the  bwt  of  wontM.  Her 
htm  biHlMiid.  ilr  CImuIm  BoontlAil.  left  iicr  wlUi  Ziuuo 
a  raar:  and-  I  bellere  ib*  lajn  oat  one-half  oii't  la 
eharltahlBUBMfcrfhe0ootCdf  httndfhhoun.  In  ihoit. 
*•  h«  cared  mora  people  itf  mm!  ahoot  Lichfleld  wltUn 
ten  jrcan  than  the  docton  fcaf«  kUhid  ht  twenty ;  and 
tfaafa  abold  wonL— GeocseFacqiihar.  Tht  B4mmjf  Strat*- 
LlUTOfiK 


Bounty  {Mutiny  of  the),  in  1790, 
headed  by  Fletcher  Christian.  The 
mutineers  finally^  settled  in  Pitcaim 
Island  (Polynesian  Archipelago).  In 
1808  all  the  mutineers  were  dei^  except 
one  (Alexander  Smith),  who  had  changed 
his  name  to  John  Adams,  and  became  A 
model  patriarch  of  the  colony,  which  was 
taken  under  the  protection  of  the  British 
Government  in  1839.     Lord  Byron,  in 


BOUSTRAPA. 


126 


BOYS, 


The  Island,  has  made  the  **  mutiny  of 
the  Bounty  the  basis  of  his  talc,  but  the 
facts  are  greatly  distorted. 

Boxis'trapa,  a  nickname  given  to 
Napoleon  III.  It  is  compounded  of  the 
first  syllables  of  J?ou[lofrne],  Stra- 
[sbonrg],  Pa[ris],  and  alludes  to  his 
escapades  in  1840, 1836,  1851  {uoup<r^tat). 

No  man  ever  lived  who  was  dis- 
tinguished by  more  nicknames  than  Louis 
Napoleon.  Besides  the  one  above  men- 
tioned, he  was  called  Badinauety  Man  of 
December^  Man  of  Sedan^  Jiatipoly  Ver- 
huely  etc. ;  and  after  his  escape  from  Uie 
fortress  of  Ham  he  went  by  the  pseudonym 
of  Gouni  Arenenberg, 

Bow  Churoh  ^London) .  Stow  gives 
two  derivations :  (1)  He  says  it  was  so 
called  because  it  was  the  firat  church  in 
London  built  on  arches.  This  is  the 
derivation  most  usually  accepted.  (2) 
He  says  also  it  took  its  name  from  certain 
stone  arches  supporting  a  lantern  on  the 
top  of  the  tower. 

Bower  of  Bliss,  a  garden  belonging 
to  the  enchantress  Armi'da.  It  abounded 
in  everything  that  could  contribute  to 
earthl}r  pleasure.  Here  Rinal'do  spent 
some  time  in  love-passages  with  Armi'da, 
but  he  ultimately  broke  from  the  enchan- 
tress and  rejoined  the  war.^Tasso,  Jeru^ 
aalem  Delivered  (1576). 

Bower  of  Bliss,  the  residence  of  the 
witch  Acras'ia,  a  beautiful  and  most 
fascinating  woman.  This  lovely  garden 
was  situated  on  a  floating  island  Hllcd 
with  everj'thing  which  could  conduce  to 
enchant  the  senses,  and  *'  wrap  the  spirit 
in  forgetfulness." — Spenser,  Faery  Queen, 
ii.  12  (1590). 

BowMt,  in  The  Son-in-Law, 

In  tbe  scene  where  Cnnkv  declines  to  accept  Bowklt  as 
■oo-in-law  on  account  of  bis  mtllnea.  John  Edwin,  who 
was  plaxing  "  Bowklt "  at  the  HajrnuMtet.  utleml  in  a  tone 
of  BUiprbe,  "  Ugljf  I "  and  thm  advancing  to  the  Uuiip*.  said 
wlUi  infinite  inipertincnen,  "  1  sulunil  to  the  decblon  of 
the  Brltiab  public  which  Is  the  ugliest  fellow  of  us  three : 
I.  old  Cranky,  or  that  gentleman  there  In  the  ftont  row 
«f  the  balcoojr  bozt"— OomM/f  JtagaMme  {1907). 

Bowley  (Sir  Joseph),  M.P.,  who 
facetiously  called  himself  *'the  poor  man's 
friend."  His  secretary  is  Fish. — C. 
Dickens,  The  Chimes  (1844). 

Bo^rling  (Lieutenant  Tom),  an  ad- 
mirable naval  character  in  Smollett's 
Jioderick  Random.  Dibdin  wrote  a  naval 
■ong  in  memoriam  of  Tom  Bowling,  be- 
ginning thus: 

Here  a  sheer  hulk  lies  poor  Tom  BovUng, 
Iho  darling  of  the  crew  .  .  . 


Bowyer  (Master),  usher  of  the  black 
rod  in  the  court  of  oueen  Elizabeth. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Kenilwortn  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Bowzybe'us  (4  si/i.),  the  drunkard, 
noted  for  his  songs  in  Oay's  pastorals, 
called  The  Shepherd's  Week,  He  sang 
of  "  Nature's  Laws,"  of  "  Fairs  and 
Show^,"  "  The  OaMren  in  the  Wood," 
"Caievy  Chase,"  "Taffey  Welsh," 
"Rosamond's  Bower,"  " Lilly-buUero,' 
etc.  The  6th  pastoral  is  in  imitation  of 
Virgil's  6th  JSc/.,  and  Bowzyb&us  is  a 
vulgarized  Silenus. 

nut  Bow^beuB.  who  with  Joeund  toogoe. 
Balhd^  and  roundelajii,  and  catches  sunit. 

Gar,  ratUtral,  tL  {1714^. 

Box  and  Cox,  a  dramatic  romance, 
bv  J.  M.  Morton,  the  principal  characters 
of  which  are  Box  and  Ck>x. 

Boy  Baohelor  (The),  WiUiam  Wot- 
ton,  D.D.,  admitted  at  St.  Catherine's 
Hall,  Cambridge,  before  he  was  ten,  and 
to  his  d^ree  of  B.A.  when  he  was  twelve 
and  a  hf&  (1666-1726). 

Boy  Bishop  (The),  St  Nicholas,  the 
patron  saint  of  boys  (fourth  century). 

(There  was  also  an  ancient  custom  of 
choosing  a  boy  from  the  cathedral  choir 
on  St.  Nicholas'  Dav  (December  6)  as  a 
mock  bishop.  This  Doy  possessed  certain 
privileges,  and  if  he  died  during  the  year 
was  buried  in  pontifcalibus.  The  custom 
was  abolished  oy  Henry  VIII.  In  Salis- 
bury Cathedral  visitors  are  shown  a  small 
sarcophagus,  which  the  verger  says  was 
made  for  a  boy  bishop.) 

Boy  Crucified.  It  is  said  that 
some  time  during  the  dark  ages,  a  boy 
named  Werner  was  impiously  crucified  at 
Bacharach  on  the  Rhine,  by  the  Jews.  A 
little  chapel  erected  to  the  memor}'  of  this 
boy  stands  on  Uie  walls  of  the  town,  close 
to  the  river.  Hugh  of  Lincoln  and 
William  of  Norwich  are  instances  of  a 
similar  stoiy. 

See  how  Its  currents  gleam  and  shine  .  .  . 
As  if  the  grapes  were  stained  with  the  Mood 
Of  the  Innocent  boy  who.  some  roars  back. 
Was  taken  and  crucified  by  Uie  Jews 
In  that  aiideot  town  of  Bacharach. 

LonffUlow.  Tk0  Ooidtm  Ltgtmd. 

Boys  (sea-term)  has  no  reference  to 
age,  but  only  to  experience ;  a  boy  may 
be  50  or  any  other  age.  A  crew  is 
divided  into  (1)  able  seamen  or  seamen, 
(2)  ordinary  seamen,  (8)  boys  or  green- 
horns. When  a  person  enters  himself  aa 
a  boy,  he  is  not  required  to  know  anything 
about  the  practical  working  of  the  vesaei, 
but  able  seamen   and  ordinary  seamen 


BOYET. 


127 


BRADWARDINE. 


a  certaia  amonnt  of  expe- 


Tbere  is  a  sea  axiom,  A  "60^*'  does  not 
$kip  to  Jb%ov  anuthingj  that  is,  when  a 
person  accents  the  office  of  "boy"  on 
board  ship,  ne  does  not  profess  to  know 
anything  of  his  duty,  not  even  the  names 
of  the  ropes,  or  the  distinction  between 
Stan  and  stern. 

Boyef  y  one  of  the  lords  attending  on 
the  princess  of  France. — Shakespeare, 
LoveTM  Labcmr't  Lost  (1594). 

Boythom  (Laurence),  a  robust 
gmtleman  with  the  voice  of  a  Stentor, 
aitd  a  friend  of  Mr.  Jamdyce.  He  would 
utter  the  most  ferocious  sentiments,  while 
at  the  same  time  he  fondled  a  pet  canary 
00  his  finger.  Once  on  a  time  he  had 
been  in  love  with  Miss  Barbary,  lady 
Dedlock*8  sister.  But  "the  good  old 
times — oil  times  when  old  are  good — ^wcre 
gone."— C.  Dickens,  Bieai  Boiue  (1853). 

("Ljrarence  Boythom"  is  a  photo- 
graph of  W.  S.  Landor;  as  "Harold 
okiinpole,"  in  the  same  stoiy,  is  drawn 
iiom  Lei^  Hunt.) 

Bos,  Charles  Biekens.  It  was  the 
aiekname  of  a  pet  brother  dubbed  Moses, 
in  honour  of  "Moses  Ptimrose**  in  the 
Wbaro/  Waiefield,  Children  called  the 
name  liozes,  which  got  shortened  into 
Box  (1812-1870). 

Who  Um  dkknu  "Bos* ceoU  be 

Fiisled  Many  a  laanicd  elf ; 
Bat  Unc  nevmM  tbe  mriterr. 

And  "  Bos'  appeared  as  Diduiur  mU. 

Bptsraa  en  tbe  CkirCAiiiiafi. 

Boszy,  James  Boewell,  Uie  gossipy 
fcM^^apher  of  Dr.  Johnson  (1740-1795). 

Braban'tio,  a  senator  of  Venice, 
fcther  of  IXesdemo'na ;  most  proud, 
•nogant,  and  overbearing.  He  thought 
the  "  insolence  **  of  Othello  in  marrying 
kis  daogfater  unpardonable,  and  Ihat 
Desdemona  must  have  been  drugged  with 
lore-potiona  so  to  demean  herself. — 
Shakespeare,  OtheUo  (1611). 

Brac'cio,  commissary  of  the  republic 
of  Florence,  employed  in  picking  up 
cenr  item  of  scandal  he  could  find 
•gainst  Ln'ria  the  noble  Moor,  who  com- 
manded the  army  of  Florence  against  the 
Ptttos.  The  Florentines  hoped  to  find 
nffieient  cause  of  blame  to  lessen  or 
"'rtiolly  cancel  their  obligations  to  the 
Moor,  but  even  Braccio  was  obliged  to 
eoohn  "This  Moor  hath  borne  his 
Mcolties  so  meek,  hath  been  so  clear  in 
hta  great  office,  that  his  virtues  would 
plesd    like    angels,    tnunpet-tongued,** 


against  the  council  which  should  censure 
him. — Robert  Browning,  Luria, 

Brac'idas  and  Am'idas,  the  two 
sons  of  Mile'sio,  the  former  in  love  with 
tfie  wealthy  Philtra,  and  the  latter  with 
the  doweriess  Lucy.  Their  father  at 
death  left  each  of  his  sons  an  island  of 
equal  size  and  value,  but  the  sea  daily 
encroached  on  that  of  the  elder  brother 
and  added  to  the  island  of  Amidas.  Tho 
rich  Philtra  now  forsook  Bracidas  for  the 
richer  brother,  and  Lucy,  seeing  herself 
forsaken,  jumped  into  the  sea.  A  floating 
chest  attracted  her  attention,  she  clung  to 
it,  and  was  drifted  to  the  wasted  island, 
where  Bracidas  received  her  kindly 
The  chest  was  found  to  contain  property 
of  ^at  value,  and  Lucy  gave  it  to 
Bracidas,  together  with  herself,  "the 
better  of  them  botlj."  Amidas  and 
Philtra  claimed  the  chest  as  their  right, 
and  the  dispute  was  submitted  to  sir 
Ar'tegal.  Sir  Artegal  decided  that 
whereas  Amidas  claimed  as  his  own  all 
the  additions  which  the  sea  had  given 
to  his  island,  so  Liicj'  might  claim  a<)  her 
own  the  chest  which  the  sea  Imd  given 
into  her  hands. — Spenser,  Faery  Quecm. 
V.  4  (1596). 

Braoy  {Sir  Afaurice  ditr),  a  follower 
of  f»nnce  John.  He  Hues  the  hidy  Rowen'a 
to  Ijccome  his  bride,  and  threatenn  to  kill 
bot'i  CVdric  and  Ivanhoe  if  she  refuses. 
The  inter\-iew  is  intercepted,  and  at  the 
close  of  the  novel  Rowcna  marries 
Ivanlioe.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Ivanhoe  (time, 
Richard  I.). 

Brad'amant,  daughter  of  Amon  and 
Be  itrice,  sister  of  Rinaldo,  and  niece  of 
Charlemagne.  She  was  called  the  Virgin 
Kni-ikt.  Her  armour  was  white,  and  her 
plume  white.  She  loved  Roge'ro  the 
Moor,  but  refused  to  marry  him  till  he 
was  baptized.  Her  marriage  with  great 
pomp  and  liogero'a  victory  over  Rodo- 
mont.  form  the  subject  of  the  last  book  of 
Orlando  Furiosu,  Bradaniant  possessed 
an  irresistible  spear,  which  unhorsed  any 
knight  with  a  touch.  Britomart  had  a 
similar  spear. — Uojardo,  Orlando  Inna~ 
morato  (1495) ;  Ariosto,  Orlando  Furioso 
(1516). 

Brad'boiime  (Mistress  Lilias\ 
waiting-woman  of  lady  Avenel  (2  «y/.), 
at  Avenel  Castle.— Sir  "VV.  Scott,  Tlia 
Abbot  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Bradinrardine  (Como  Cbsmwn<»), 
baron    of   Bradwardine    and   of   Tully 


^^ 


BBADT. 

Veolan.  He  is  very  pedantic,  bnt  brave 
and  gallant. 

£c^  BradwardinCf  hin  daughter,  the 
heroine  of  the  novel,  which  concludes 
with  her  marriage  with  Waverley,  and 
the  restoration  of  the  manor-house  of 
Tully  Veolan. 

Malcolm  Bradtcardme  of  Inch^rabbit,  a 
relation  of  the  old  baron. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Waverley  (time,  George  II.). 

Brady  {Martha)^  a  young  "Irish 
widow,"  23  years  of  age,  and  in  love 
with  William  Whittle.  She  was  the 
daughter  of  sir  Patrick  0*Neale.  Old 
Thomas  Whittle,  the  uncle,  a  man  of 
63,  wanted  to  oust  his  nephew  in  her  affec- 
tions, for  he  thought  ner  '^so  modest, 
so  mild,  so  tender-hearted,  so  resen'ed, 
so  domestic.  Her  voice  was  so  sweet, 
with  just  a  aoup^cn  of  the  brogue  to 
make  it  enchanting.'*  In  order  to  break 
off  this  detestable  passion  of  the  old  man, 
the  widow  assumed  the  airs  and  manners 
of  a  boisterous,  loud,  flaunting,  extrava- 
gant, low  Irishwoman,  deeplv  in  debt, 
and  abandoned  to  pleasure.  Old  Whittle, 
thoroughly  frigntened,  induced  his 
nephew  to  take  the  widow  off  his  hands, 
and  gave  him  £5000  as  a  du/ucewr  for 
so  doing. — Garrick,  The  Irish  Wkhw 
(1767). 

Bra^  (Jack)y  a  vulgar  boaster,  who 
gets  into  good  society,  wnere  his  vulgarity 
stands  out  in  strong  relief. — Th^>dore 
Hook,  Jack  Brag  (a  novel). 

Brag  (Sir  Jack),  general  John  Burgojrne 
(died  1792)  • 

Bragonza  (77^),  the  laigest  diamond 
in  existence,  its  weight  being  1680  carats. 
It  is  uncut,  and  its  value  is  £68,360,000. 
It  is  now  among  the  crown  jewels  of 
Portugal. 

*4i*  It  is  thought  that  this  diamond, 
which  is  the  size  fd  a  hen's  egg,  is  in  reality 
a  white  topas. 

Bragama  (Juan  duke  of).  In  1680 
Philip  II.  of  Spain  claimed  the  crown  of 
Portugal,  and  governed  it  by  a  regent. 
In  1G40  Margaret  was  regent,  and  Velas- 
()uez  her  chief  minister,  a  man  exceed- 
ingly obnoxious  to  the  Portuguese.  Don 
Juan  and  his  wife  Louisa  of  Braganza 
being  very  popular,  a  conspiracy  was 
formed  to  shake  off  the  Spanish  yoke. 
Velasquez  was  torn  to  death  by  the 
populace,  and  don  Juan  of  Braganza  was 
proclaimed  king. 


188  BRAMBLE. 


Lomta  duchess  of  Braganza,  H«r 
character  is  thus  described : 

Bright  I.oiil«. 
To  an  tfw  loftaMi  of  htr  tender  aex, 
UnltMthe  Dobleit  qwUitiet  of  mui : 
A  genius  to  emlwaoe  the  umpleit  idMinee  .  .  . 
Jodgmeiit  most  iouihI.  penuailve  eloquence  .  .  . 
Pure  piety  vtthout  rellidoue  dn»^ 
And  fcatiuide  that  slirinlu  t  no  dUaMLtt. 

Bobert  Jepluoa,  Bragmiua,  L  1 077^ 
Mrt.  BdluM  took  her  leave  of  the  atace  Majr  S4.  17H. 
On  this  ooeaiion  Mn.  Yates  mtalned  tbe  pait  of  the 
*'ducheai    of  Bragana^"  and  Uim  Ffenen  qpok*  the 
addraa.— V.  JUyuoUx, 

Braeela^  daughter  of  Soiglan,  and 
wife  of  Cuthullin  (general  of.  the  Irish 
army  and  regent  during  the  minority  of 
king  CormacJ. — Ossian,  FingaL 

Braggado'chio,  personification  of 
the  intemperance  of  the  tongue.  For 
a  time  |iis  boasting  serves  him  with 
some  profit,  but  being  found  out  he  is 
stripped  of  his  borrowed  plumes.  His 
shtMd  is  cliumed  by  Mar'Inel :  his  horse 
by  Gu^on ;  Talus  shaves  off  Ids  beard ; 
and  his  lady  is  shown  to  be  a  sham 
Florimel. — Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  iii.  6 
and  10,  with  v.  8. 

It  is  thought  that  Philip  of  Spain  wu 
the  academy  figure  of  **  Braggadochio.** 

Braggadoch»^s  Sword,  San'glamore 
(8  syQ. 

Bragh  [brow].  Go  bragh  (Irish), 
"forever." 

One  dying  wiefa  mjr  boaou  can  draw ; 
Brin!  an  exile  beqnenthi  thee  hie  Wenfaw. 
Landofmy  forelkthen,  Bringobnghl 

OunpbeU.  Ad/«  ^  JMn. 

Bragmar'do  (Jano^tus  de),  the 
sophister  sent  by  the  Parisians  to  Gar- 
gantiut,  to  remonstrate  with  him  for 
carrying  off  the  bells  of  Notre-Dame  to 
suspend  round  the  neck  of  his  mare  for 
jingles. — Rabelais,  Gargantua  atui  Pai^ 
tafrucl',  u.  (1633). 

Brain''Worm,  the  servant  of  Kno'- 
well,  a  man  of  infinite  shifts,  and  a 
regular  Proteus  in  his  metamorphoses. 
He  appears  first  as  Brainworm ;  after  as 
Fitz-Sword  ;  then  as  a  reformed  soldier 
whom  Knowell  takes  into  his  service: 
then  as  justice  Clement's  man ;  and 
lastly  as  valet  to  the  courts  of  law,  by 
which  devices  he  plays  upon  the  same 
clique  of  some  half-dozen  men  of  average 
intelligence. — Ben  Jonson,  Every  Man  in 
Bis  Hutnour  (1598).     * 

BraJLel  (Adrian),  the  gipsy  mounte- 
bank, formerly  master  of  Fenella,  the 
deaf  and  dumb  giri.— Sir  W,  Scott. 
Beveril  of  the  Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Bramble  (Matthew),  an  "  odd  kind  of 


n^Aifwr.g^ 


129 


BRANGTON& 


**  "alwajt  on  Uie  fret,**  dvi- 
pepdc,  Asd  afflicted  with  goat,  bat 
MocToJeot.  gencroot,  mod  kind-hearted. 

Mtss  Tm>Uha  Bramble^  an  old  maiden 
•bter  of  Matthew  Bramble,  of  some  45 
rean  of  a^  noted  for  her  bad  spel- 
ling. She  IS  starch,  vain,  prim,  and 
ridicalons;  soared  in  temper^  proad, 
imperioas,  prying,  mean,  malicious,  and 
■nchantable.  She  contoives  at  last  to 
namr  captain  Idsmaha'go,  who  is  content 
to  ta£e  **  tiie  maiden  **  for  the  sake  of  her 
£4000. 


IneoU 

atmoiiiif 
i;  MM  bar 
■klM.-— T. 
1  ^  mmmpkrg  CHmkmr  (1771). 

\*  **  Ifatthew  Bramble  *'  is  '*  Rodenck 
Sandoa  ^  grown  old,  somewhat  cynical  by 
experience  of  the  world,  bat  vastly  im- 
prored  in  taste. 

«f  dM  toddmli  of  tke  bmUf  tov 
$  H«w  BMk  Owlda.*— ChuttlMn.  EmgUtk 


BrambU  (Sur  Bohert),  a  baronet  living 
at  Blackberry  Hall,  Rent.  Blunt  and 
test^,  but  kind-hearted ;  ''charitable  as  a 
Christian,  and  rich  as  a  Jew ;  **  fond  of 
afgnacnt  and  contradiction,  but  de- 
testing flattery;  very  proud,  but  most 
CMMdetate  to  hu  poorer  neighbonrs.  In 
hb  first  interview  with  lieutenant  Wor- 
thingUm  **the  poor  gentleman,"  the 
Gentenant  mistook  him  for  a  bailiff  come 
to  arrest  him,  bat  sir  Robert  nobly  paid 
the  bUl  for  £600  when  it  was  presented  to 
kiai  for  signatore  as  sheriff  of  the  county. 

*,*  «*  Str  Robert  Bramble  **  U  the  same 
^pe  of  character  as  Sheridan's  '*  sir  An- 
dooy  AbMlate.** 

^rtderick  BraaJde^  nephew  of  sir 
Robert,  and  son  of  Josepn  Bramble  a 
Roismn  merchant.  His  father  having 
Culed  in  business,  Frederick  was  adopted 
\rf  \aM  rich  uncle.  He  is  full  of  lif^  and 
BoUa  instincts,  bat  thou^tless  and 
impidsrve.  Frederick  falls  m  love  with 
Eauly  Worthington,  whom  he  marries. — 
6.  Colman,  The  Poor  Gentleman  (1802). 

Bra'mine  (2  $yU)  and  Bra'mln 
(TV),  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Draperand  Laurence 
Stcnie.  Sterne  being  a  clerg>-man,  and 
Urk  Draper  being  bom  in  India,  sug- 
gested the  names.  Ten  of  Sterne's  letters 
to  Mrs.  I>npf  r  are  published,  and  called 
Letters  to  Eliza, 

Bran,  the  d<  g  of  Lamdeig  the  lover 


of  Ciekhossa  (dao^ter  of  Toathal).— 
Ossian,  Pmgal,  v. 

*«*  Fingal  king  of  Morven  had  a  dog 
of  the  same  name,  and  another  named 
Luftth. 

Ghn  Whtto-bfMWted  Bnw  aad  th*  nriy  rtrai^tii  «f 


Brand  {Sir  Denys)^  a  coanty  magnate, 
who  apes  humility.  He  rides  a  sorry 
brown  nag  "  not  worth  £5,"  but  mounts 
his  groom  on  a  rsce-horse  "  twice  victor 
for  a  plate." 

Bran'damond  of  Damascus,  whom 
sir  Bevis  of  Southampton  defeated. 


battt*  vImiv  wHh  BnHMlMMMid  he  foviM. 
And  wiUi  hli  iwonl  and  aieed  mmIi  aartiar  wwmIms 

wrought 
At  e*Mi  MBons  Us  roethhB  adMbatkNi  VMk 

M.  Dnrt4Mi.  /MyWMMt.  0.  (1IU|. 

Bran'dan  {Island  of  St.)  or  IgLAiro 
OK  San  Boran'dan,  a  flying  island,  so 
late  as  1755  set  down  in  geographical 
charts  west  of  the  Canary  group.  In 
1721  an  expedition  was  sent  by  Spain  in 
quest  thereof.  The  Spaniards  say  their 
king  Rodri'go  has  retreated  there,  and 
the  Portuguese  affirm  that  it  is  the  retreat 
of  their  don  Sebastian.  It  was  called  St. 
Brandan  from  a  navigator  of  the  sixth 
century,  who  went  in  search  of  the 
'*  Islands  of  Paradise." 

Iti  rmlity  WM  for  •  looc  Hmm  •  oMUtar  of  flm  batter .. . 
the  gu^to  at  Annrda.  wbera  RiiuJdo  wm  <li««taMd.  aa4 
whkh  TkMO  plMM  In  om  oT  tiie  OMmy  Ul«^  ha 
with  Ban  Bonandaii.— W.  Inrinc 


(If  there  is  anv  truth  at  all  in  the 
legend,  the  island  must  be  ascribed  to 
the  Fata  Morgana.) 

Bran'deimi,  pin.  Brtmdeoy  a  piece 
of  cloth  enclosed  in  a  box  with  relics, 
which  thus  acquired  the  same  miraculous 
powers  as  the  relics  themselves. 

PofM  Uo  provad  thla  tut  bcTond  a  doaU.  for  when 
MOM  Qn^M  rtnttttni  to  querthm  It.  ha  cut  a  bnuMleum 
thrM«h  with  a  pair  of  Mriaora.  and  H  wm  bwUnt)]r 
covarad  with  blood.-^.  Brady.  ClmtU  Oa/mrfarta.  ISl. 

Bran'dimart,  brother-in-law  of 
Orlando,  son  of  Monodantes,  and  husband 
of  For'delis.  This  »*  king  of  the  Distant 
Islands "  was  one  of  the  bravest  knights 
in  Charlemagne's  army,  and  was  slain  by 
Gradasso. — fiojardo.  Orlando  InnamorcUo 
(1496)  ;  Ariosto,  Orlando  Furioso  (1616). 

Brandy  Naiu  queen  Anne,  who  was 
very  fond  of  brandy  (1664-1714). 

BnuBdy  Nan.  brandy  Man.  kft  (oOl  hi  tha  fareh. 

Uar  face  to  tha  fln-ahop.  bar  back  to  tha  chureh. 

Wt1ttmfmtk0Uatu0<^tu»enAim$iH8t.r*ur»paiant 

Brangtons  {The),  vulgar,  jealous, 
malicious  gossips  in  Evelina,  a  novel  by 
Miss  Bumey  (1778). 


BRilNNO. 


180 


BRAZEN  HEAD. 


Braano,  an  IrUhman,  father  of 
Evinillin.  Evirallin  was  the  wife  of 
Ofsian  and  mother  orOscar.^isBian. 

Brass,  the  roguish  confederate  of 
Dick  Amlet,  and  acting  as  his  servant. 

"  I  Am  jroor  ralet,  'tbtnie;  joar  fooCnMi  nmetlmM  .  . . 
but  jrou  hsv«  nlwart  had  the  amndant,  I  eonfai.  When 
we  were  aehool-feilows.  70a  made  me  cany  nmr  booki, 
make  yam  pxerciae.  own  rour  ragueriet.  and  aometlmee 
take  a  whipping  for  you.  When  we  wete  felk>w-*prentk«i, 
though  I  wat  your  atnlor.  you  made  me  open  the  Aop, 
clean  my  maeter'i  boot*,  cut  kit  at  dinner,  and  eat  all  the 
cnuitL  In  your  eini,  too,  I  must  own  )0u  etill  kept  me 
under ;  you  aoared  up  to  the  mbtre«,  while  I  was  content 
with  the  maid."— Sir  John  Vanbtugb.  r*e  Com/tdtnev, 
UL  I  (ISPS). 

Bra8$  (8amp9on)f  a  knavish,  servile 
attorney,  affecting  great  sjrmpathy  with 
his  clients,  but  in  reality  fleecing  them 
without  mercy. 

Salty  Brass,  Sampson's  sister,  and  an 
exaggerated  edition  of  her  brother. — 
C.  Dickens,  Old  Curiosity  Shop  (1840). 

Brave  (7%^),  AlfonzoIV.  of  Portu- 
gal n290-1367). 

The  Brave  Fleming^  John  Andrew  van 
der  Mersch  (1734-1792). 

The  Bravest  of  the  Brave,  Marshal  Ney, 
Le  rrave  des  Braves  (1769-1816). 

Brawn.  One  day  a  little  boy  came 
into  king  Arthur's  court,  and,  drawing  his 
wand  over  a  boar's  nead,  exclaimed, 
**  There's  never  a  cuckold's  knife  can  cut 
this  head  of  brawn !  "  and.  lo !  no  knight 
except  sir  Cradock  was  able  to  carve  it. — 
Percy,  BeliqueSy  III.  iii.  18. 

Bray  (3/r.),  a  sel6sh,  miserly  old  man, 
who  dies  suddenly  of  heart-disease,  just 
in  time  to  save  his  daughter  being  sacri- 
ficed to  Arthur  Gride,  a  rich  old  miser. 

Madeline  Bray,  daughter  of  Mr.  Bray, 
a  loving,  domestic,  beautiful  girl,  who 
marries  Nicholas  Nickleby. — C.  Dickens, 
Nicholas  Nickleby  (1838). 

Bray  ( Vicar  of),  supposed  by  some  to 
be  Simon  Aleyn,  who  lived  isays  Fuller) 
**  in  the  reigns  of  Henry  Ylll.,  Edward 
YI.,  Mary,  and  Elizabeth.  In  the  first 
two  reigns  he  was  Aprotestant,  in  Mary's 
rclgn  a  catholic,  and  in  Elizabeth's  a 
vrotestant  again."  No  matter  who  was 
king,  Simon  Aleyn  resolved  to  live  and 
die  '*  the  vicar  of  Bray"  (1540-1688). 

Others  think  the  vicar  was  Simon 
Symonds,  who  (according  to  Ray),  was 
an  independent  in  the  protectorate,  a  high 
c'iwchnian  in  the  reign  of  Charles  11.,  a 
papist  under  James  II.,  and  a  moderate 
c/iurchman  in  the  reign  of  William  III. 

Others  again  give  the  cap  to  one  Pen- 
dleton. 

*^*  The  well-known  song  was  written 


by  an  oflficer  in  colonel  Fuller's  regiment, 
in  Ae  reign  of  Geoige  I.,  and  se^ns  to 
refer  to  some  clergyman  of  no  very  distant 
date. 

Bray'more  (Lady  Cbro/in^),  daughter 
of  lord  Fitz-Balaam.  She  was  to  have 
married  Frank  Rochdale,  but  hearing  that 
her  "intended"  loved  Mary  Thomberry, 
she  married  the  Hon.  Tom  Shuffleton. — 
G.  Ck>lman,  jun.,  John  Bull  (1806). 

Braywiok.  the  town  of  asses.  An 
alderman  of  Braywick,  having  lost  his 
donkey,  went  fourteen  days  in  search  of 
it;  then  meeting  a  brother  aldennan,  they 
agreed  to  retire  to  the  two  opposite  sides 
of  a  mountain  and  bray,  in  hopes  that  the 
donkey  would  answer,  and  thus  reveal 
its  place  of  concealment.  This  led  to 
a  public  scandal,  insomuch  that  the 
people  of  Braywick  had  to  take  up  arms 
in  order  to  avenge  themselves  on  those 
who  jeered  at  them. — Cervantes,  JMm 
Qmxoie,  II.  u.  7  (1616). 

Brazen  (Captain),  a  kind  of  Bobadil. 
A  boastful,  tongue-doughty  warrior,  who 

f)retends  to  know  everybody ;  to  have  a 
iaison  with  every  wealthy,  pretty,  or 
distinguished  woman ;  uid  to  have 
achieved  in  war  the  most  amazing 
prodigies. 


He  know*  everybody  at  flrat  right ;  hie  Impndenee ' 
a  prodigy,  were  not  hU  Ignorance  proportionable.  He  baa 
the  OMMt  ontrenal  acqaalntanee  of  any  maa  Hvlng.  for  ha 
won't  be  alone,  and  nobody  will  keep  him  ooaipany  twk«. 
Tbea  be'e  a  CMar  among  the  women :  Vent,  vkU,  viol,  that'* 
an.  irbehaebattalkadwlth  theraald.  beiweartbehM 
leorrMpMll  the  mbtrwi :  bat  the  moet  wtrprieing  fart  of 
oil  character  i*  hU  memory,  which  h  the  most  pr\>digi«M 
and  the  moet  trifling  In  the  workL-^.  Fhrqnhar,  Thm 
M*truUii%g  Qfietr,  UL  1  (1700). 

Brazen  Age,  the  age  of  war  and 
violence.  The  age  of  innocence  was  the 
golden  age ;  then  followed  the  silver  age  ; 
then  the  brazen  age ;  and  the  present  is 
the  it  on  age,  or  the  age  of  hardware  and 
railroads. 

Brazen  Head.  The  first  on  record 
is  one  which  Silvester  II.  (Gerbert)  pos- 
sessed. It  told  him  he  would  be  pope, 
and  not  die  till  he  had  sung  mass  at  Jeru- 
salem. When  pope  be  was  stricken  with 
his  death-sickness  while  performing  mass 
in  a  church  called  Jerusalem  (999-1003). 

The  next  we  hear  of  was  made  oy 
Rob.  Grosseteste  (1175-1253). 

The  third  was  the  famous  brazen  head 
of  AlbertuB  Magnus,  which  cost  him 
thirty  years'  labour,  and  was  broken  to 
pieces  by  his  disciple  Thomas  Aqui'nas 
(1193-1280). 

The  fourth  was  that  of  friar  Bacon, 
which  used  to  say,  ^'  Time  is,  time  waa, 


BRAZEN  H£A1>. 


m 


BRETWALDA. 


time  eomes.* 
lines: 


Byron  zefera  to  it  in  the 


hmri.  rn  i 
K  tloM  m.  Une's  pot  [?]* 

Jkm  Jmtn,  I  917  (1819). 

Another  was  made  by  the  nuuqnis  of 
Titena  of  Spain  (1384-1434).  Andasixth 
by  a  Polander,  a  disciple  of  Escotillo  an 
Italian. 

Braztn  Head  {The)y  a  gngantic  bead 
kepft  in  the  castle  of  the  giant  Fer'rafcus 
qI  Poftogal.  It  was  omniscient,  and 
told  tiMMW  who  eonsnlted  it  whatever  ihey 
dctind  to  know,  post,  present,  or  future. 
^VidefUmsamd  Ormm, 

Bread  Street  (London),  was  the 
bread-market  in  the  time  of  Edward  L 
Uere  Hiltcm  was  bom. 

Breaking  a  Stick  is  part  of  the 
marriage  ceremony  of  the  American 
Indians,  as  breaking  a  glass  is  still  part 
of  the  marria^  ceremony  of  the  Jews. — 
lady  Aogosta  Hamilton,  Marriage  Bites, 
efc.,  292,  2»8. 

In  one  of  Raphael's  pictures  we  see  an 
ansQCcessfnl  suitor  of  the  Wrgin  Mary 
breaking  his  stick,  and  this  alludes  to  the 
l^end  that  the  several  suitors  of  the 
"virgin**  were  each  to  bring  an  almond 
itick  which  was  to  be  laid  up  in  the  sanc- 
tuary over  night,  and  the  owner  of  the 
stick  which  budded  was  to  be  accounted 
the  suitor  God  ordained,  and  thus  Joseph 
became  her  husband. — B.  H.  Owper, 
Apocrvphal  Gospel  ("  Pseudo-Matthew*8 
Gospel,"  40,  41). 

In  Florence  is  a  pictore  in  which  the 
rejected  suitors  break  their  sticks  on  the 
back  of  Joseph. 

Breathes  there  a  man  .  .  . 


tbcn  a  DMn  wKb  mniI  so  did, 
WWi  aevw  to  bioMlf  hath  odd. 
**TUii>iDjeivii,av  native  laDd"} 
■r  W.  BooO.  Xia#  «tr  a«  IM(  ir«iH«r«f ,  vL  1  (ISOQl 

Brec'anf  a  mythical  king  of  Wales. 
He  had  twenty-four  daughters  by  one 
wife.  These  daughters,  for  their  beau^ 
sod  purity,  were  changed  into  rivers,  all 
<tf  which  flow  into  th^  Severn.  Breck- 
nockshire, according  to  fable,  is  called 
after  this  king.     (See  next  art.) 

tnam  ««■  a  prinee  ooea  fortmate  and  great 

J^ho  dyiBf  lent  ha  name  to  that  hit  uuMa  teat), 

wnh  twin  t««t««  daushtcn  blest,  bj  one  and  ool/  wUIb. 

Ihty,  hr  ifaeir  bwatw*  rare  and  Miictitx  of  life, 

V  rtfen  ware  trmMsfonned ;  wboM  porenaM  doth  dedara 

Bov  escBant  tb«7  wvre  bjr  being  what  thajr  ara  .  .  . 


Osdock  and  St.  Onock,  the  former  a 
martyr  and  the  latter  a  confessor. 

QMloek.  next  to  whom  eomH  Cuiock,  both  whkb 


•  UVri  >•  Sevan  laape  their  coune. 

Bredian    fPrince\    father   of    St. 


PrlaoB  Brocfaan't  •oni,  who  tava  the  name  to  BrecLnoek 

riiire: 
The  flm  a  martjr  made,  a  cenfewor  the  other. 

Brajrton.  Potwoibion,  sdr.  (1SS3). 

Breck  {Alison)  ^  an  old  fishwife,  friend 
of  the  Mucklebackits. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
The  Antiqtiary  (time,  George  III.). 

BrecA  (Angus)^  a  follower  of  Rob  Roy 
McGregor,  the  outlaw.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Boh  Boy  (time,  Creorge  I.). 

Bren'da  [TroilI,  daughter  of  Magnus 
Troil  and  sister  of  Minna. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
The  Pirate  (time,  William  III.). 

Breng''wain»  the  confidante  of  Is'olde 
(2  sul,)  wife  of  sir  Mark  king  of  Com- 
walf.  Isolde  was  criminally  attached  to 
her  nephew  sir  Tristram,  and  Brengwain 
assisted  the  queen  in  her  intrigues. 

Brengwain,  wife  of  Gwenwyn  prince  of 
Powys-land.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Be- 
trothed (time,  Henry  II.). 

Brenta'no  (A),  one  of  inconocivablo 
folly.  The  Brentanos,  demons  and  his 
sister  Bettina,  are  remarkable  in  Ger- 
man literary  annals  for  tho  wild  and 
extravagant  character  of  their  genius. 
Bettina's  work,  Odthe*$  Correfpondence 
with  a  Child  (1835),  is  a  pure  fabrication 
of  her  own. 


At  the  point  where  the  toUy  of  otbtn  emMm,  that  of 
the  firaiianos  beginL — Vminan  l*ro9erk, 

Brentford  {The  two  kings  of).  In 
the  duke  of  Buckingham's  farce  called 
The  Be/tetirsal  (1671),  Ihe  two  kings  of 
Brentford  enter  hand-in-hand,  dance  to- 
gether, sing  together,  walk  arm-in-ami, 
uid  to  heighten  the  absurdity  the  actors 
represent  them  as  smelling  at  the  same 
nosegay  (act  ii.  2). 

Bres'an,  a  small  island  upon  the  very 
point  of  Ck)mwall. 

Upon  the  utmost  end 
or  ComwaU't  hirrowing  beak. 

Where  Beam  from  the  laiid 
The  tOtinc  ware*  doth  brtak. 

M.  Ofajrton.  PolyolbUni,  L  (1618). 

Breton.  Entet€  comme  le  Brettrn, 
French  proverbial  expression. 

Bretrw^alda,  the  over-king  of  the 
Saxon  rulers,  established  in  England 
during  the  heptarchy.  In  (jiermany  the 
over-king  was  called  emperor.  The 
bretwalda  had  no  power  in  the  civil 
affairs  of  the  under-kings,  but  in  times 
of  war  or  danger  formed  an  important 
centre. 


BREWER  OF  GHENT. 


m 


BRIDGE  OF  SIGHS. 


Brewer  of  Ghent   {The)^  Junes  I 
▼an  Artevelde,  a  great  patnot.    His  soo 
Philip   fell    in   tibe   battle   of   Rosbeoq 
(fourteenth  century). 

Bna'na,  the  lady  of  a  castle  who 
demanded  for  tt)ll  ***the  locks  of  every 
lady  and  the  beard  of  every  kni^fht  thai 
passed.**  This  toll  was  establiwcd  be- 
cause sir  Cruder,  with  whom  she  wns  in 
love,  refused  to  marr^*  her  till  she  had 
provided  him  with  human  hair  sufficient 
to  "  purfie  a  mantle'*  with.  Sir  Cmdor, 
having  been  overthrown  in  knightly 
combat  by  sir  Calidore,  who  refused  to 
give  "the  passage  pay,*'  is  made  to 
release  Briana  from  the  condition  im- 
posed on  her,  and  Briana  swears  to  dis- 
continue the  discourteous  toll.— Spenser, 
Fairy  Quern,  vi.  1  (1596). 

Bri'anor  (^>)i  a  knight  overthrown 
by  the  *'  Salvage  Knigh^"  whose  name 
was  sir  Artegal. — Spenser,  Faery  Queen, 
iv.  0  (1596). 

Briar'eos    (4   syh),   nsually   called 

Briareus  FBrt'.a.rucf],  the  giant  with  a 

hundred    hands.     Hence '  Drvden    says, 

'*  And  Briareus,   with  all   his   hundred 

hands"  (  Kiri;*/,  vi.) ;  but  Milton  writes 

the  name  Briartos  {Paradise  Lost,  L  199). 

Than,  eaSM  bjr  Uioe.  the  moniter  THaii  caina. 
Whom  godi  Brtarooa,  nMn  MgHiau  imuim. 

Pope's  IHad.  L 

Bri'areus  (Bold),  Handel  (1685- 
1767). 

Bri'areiis  of  Iiangua^es,  cardinal 
Mezzofonti,  who  was  familiar  with  fiftv- 
eight  different  languages.  Bvron  calls 
him  "a  walking  polyglot"  (1774-1849). 

Bribo'ci,  inhabitants  of  Berkshire 
and  the  adjacent  counties. — Ciesar,  Cutn- 
mentaries* 

Brick  {Jefferson),  a  very  weaV  pole 
young  man,  the  war  correspondent  of 
the  New  York  Rowdy  JournaL  of  which 
colonel  Diver  was  editor. — U.  Dickens, 
Martin  Chuzxiewit  (1844). 

Bride-Catching.  It  is  a  common 
Asiatic  custom  for   the    bridegroom   to 

five  chase  to  the  bride,  either  on  foot, 
orseback,  or  in  canoes.  If  the  bride- 
groom catches  the  fugitve,  he  claims  her 
as  his  bride,  otherwise  the  match  is  broken 
off.  The  classical  tales  of  Hippom'en^ 
and  Atalanta  will  instantly  recur  to  the 
reader's  memoiy. 

Astribflntnottntod.MidrldMOff'at  ftiDipeed.  Ite 
lover  pumiee.  end  if  he  orertaket  her  dte  beoouMe  hia 
wifa.  Nn  Kslmuck  gtri  b  ever  OMrht  anleei  the  chooeM 
to  be  10.— Dr.  ClariM 


la  Turooauuile  ttie  maiden  curiae  •  kab  and  kid, 
which  uiuat  be  taken  fron  her  tai  tiie  cbaae.  In  flnge 
pore  Um  cfaaae  Is  made  In  ceiin.    Oenieron. 

Bride  of  Aby'dos  {The),  ZnleiHca 
(8  syl,),  daughter  of  Giaffer  (2  syi,) 
pacha  of  Abvdos.  She  is  the  troth- 
plight  bride  of  Selim  ;  but  Giaffer  shoots 
the  lover,  and  Zuleika  dies  of  a  broken 
heart.— Byron,  Bride  of  Abydos  (1818). 

Bride  of  Iiammermoor,  Lncy 
Ashton,  in  love  with  Edgar  masttf  of 
Ravens  wood,  but  compelled  to  marry 
Frank  Hayston  laird  of  Bucklaw.  She 
tries  to  murder  him  on  the  bridal  ni^t, 
and  dies  insane  the  day  following.  —Sir 
W.  Scott,  T/ie  Bride  of  Lammemkoor 
(Ume,  William  III.). 

*^*  The  Bride  of  Lanunermoor  is  one 
of  the  most  finisbea  of  Scott's  novels,  pre- 
senting a  unity  of  ^ot  and  action  ^m 
beginmng  to  end.  The  old  butler,  Caleb 
Biuderston,  is  exaggerated  and  far  too 
prominent,  but  he  serves  as  a  foil  to  the 
tragic  scenes. 

In  Th*  Bridt  vf  Lammtvmoar  «•  eee  enriwdled  the 
dark  iplrlt  oT  tetaltat— tiiat  spirit  whkfa  breathes  on  Um 
wrilliiRs  of  tiie  Greek  tmeedlans  when  tbegr  traced  tlie  per* 
•ecbting  Teii«eeace  of  detUny  avalnst  the  housae  oC  lahie 
and  AtiwH.  From  the  time  that  we  hear  the  prophecie 
rtgrmee  Ute  spell  begins,  and  the  douds  bkwfcen  round 
OS.  tUl  they  dose  ibe  tale  in  a  night  of  horror.— Sd.  Ber. 

Bride  of  the  Sea,  Venice,  so  called 
from  the  ancient  ceremony  of  the  doge 
marrying  the  city  to  the  Adriatic  by 
throwing  a  ring  into  it,  pronouncing  these 
words,  **  We  wed  thee,  0  sea,  in  UuLen  of 
perpetual  domination." 

BrideweU  was  a  king's  palace  before 
the  Conquest.  Henry  I.  gave  the  stone 
for  rebuilding  it.  Its  name  is  from  St. 
Bride  (or  Bridget),  and  her  holy  welL 
The  well  is  now  represented  by  an  iron 
pump  in  Bride  Lane. 

Bridge.  The  imaginary  bridge  be- 
tween earth  and  the  Mohammedan  para- 
dise is  called  "  Al  Sirat'." 

The  rainbow  bridge  which  spans 
heaven  and  earth  in  ScMidinavian  myth- 
ology is  called  '*  Bif  rust." 

Bridge  of  Qold.  According  to 
German  tradition,  Charlemagne's  spirit 
crosses  the  Rhine  on  a  golden  bridge,  at 
Bingen,  in  seasons  of  plenty,  and  blesset 
both  corn-fields  and  vineyards. 

Thou  Btaiideet.  like  imperial  CharienmsMb 
Upon  thy  bridge  of  gold. 

Longfellow.  J 


Bridge  of  Sighs,  the  covered 
sage-way  which  connects  the  palace  of 
the  doge  in  Venice  with  the  State  prisons. 
Called  "  the  Bridge  of  Sighs"  because  the 
condemned  passed  over  it  from  the  judg- 


BRIDGES  OP  CANE. 


188 


BRIGANTES. 


meoi  hall  to  the  place  of  execation. 
Hood  has  a  poem  called  The  Bridge  of 
Sghe, 

Brid^w  of  Cane,  in  many  parts 
of  Spanuh  America,  are  thrown  over 
narrow  streams. 


■Bg  oTar  mdl  profomd. 

Bridgemore  (ifr.),  of  Fish  Street 
Hill,  London.  A  dishonest  merchant, 
wealthy,  vulgar,  and  pnrse-nrond.  He 
b  invited  to  a  socrKr  given  bj  lord  Abber- 
ville,  **and  counts  the  servants,  gapes 
St  the  lustres,  and  never  enters  the 
dnwing-room  at  all,  but  stays  below, 
fhstHng  with  the  travelling  tutor.** 

Mru  Bridgemore^  wife  ol  Mr.  Bridge- 
■Mffe,  equally  vulgar,  but  with  more  pre- 
tensioa  to  goiitility. 

Jftfs  iMcmda  6ridgemore^  the  spiteful, 
purMHproad,  malicious  daughter  of  Mr. 
sod  Mrs.  Bridgemore,  of  Fish  Street 
HilL  She  was  engaged  to  lord  Ablier- 
ville,  b«t  her  money  would  not  out- 
balance her  vulgarity  and  ill-temper,  so 
the  young  '* fashionable  lover**  made 
ku  bow  and  retired.— Cumberland,  The 
FasAkmabte  Lover  (1780). 

Bridgenorth  (Major  Balpk)^  a 
nwadhead  and  conspirator,  neighbour  of 
sir  Geoffrey  Peveril  c^  the  Peak,  a  staunch 
cavalier. 

Mn,  Bridhemortk,  the  major's  wife. 

Aiiee  Bridgemorthy  the  major's  dan^icer 
and  heroine  of  the  novcL  Her  marriage 
with  JolsaB  Peveril,  a  cavalier,  concludes 
the  noveL— Sir  W.  Scott,  Peveril  of  the 
Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Brid'get  (Miss)^  the  mother  of  Tom 
Jones,  in  Fielding's  novel  called  The 
Bidorg  of  Tom  Jones,  a  Foundlmg  (1750). 


why  FWiteg  ihooM  hav*  I 
of  Ufe^bMor  OM  Um  birth  of  Us 
privatdjrnMUTfed . 


ham  keen  so  wtogart*  Moth*  Mriguad  Cor 
hinli  af  tim  ablla  a  menu  tram  m  nan  to 


as  Allwortby.— jAteyo. 

Brid^qet  {MrsJ),  in  Steme*s  novel  called 
The  Ufe  a$id  Opmkeu  of  TrUtram  Shandy ^ 
OenL  (1759). 

Bridget  (Mother),  aunt  of  (Catherine 
Seyton,  and  abbess  of  St.  Catherine. — 
Sir  W.  Soott,  The  Abbot  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Bridget  (May),  the  milkwoman>at  Falk- 
land Castlc.->SiT  W.  Scott,  Fair  Maid  of 
Ptrtk  (time,  Henry  IT.). 

Bridge'ward  (Peter),  the  bridge- 
keeper  of  K<:nnaquhAir  {**  I  know  not 
vhen*').-.Sir  W.  Soott,  The  Abbot  (time, 
Elizabeth). 


Bridgeicard  (Peter),  warder  of  the 
bridge  near  St.  Mary's  Convent.  He 
refuses  a  passage  to  Ikther  Philip,  who  is 
carrving  off  the  Bible  of  lady  Alice.— Sir 
W.  Sc^  The  Monastery  (time,  Elisa- 
beth). 

Bridle.    John  Gower  says  that  Rosi- 

{tbele  princess  of  Armenia,  insensible  to 
ove,  saw  in  a  vision  a  troop  of  ladies 
splendidly  mounted,  but  one  of  them  rode 
a  wretched  steed,  wretchedly  accoutred 
except  as  to  the  bridle.  On  asking  the 
reas<Hi.  the  princess  was  informed  that 
she  \^as  disgraced  thus  because  of  her 
cruelty  to  her  lovers,  but  that  the  splendid 
bridle  had  been  recently  given,  because 
the  obdurate  girl  had  for  the  last  month 
shown  symptoms  of  true  love.  Moral — 
Hence  let  ladies  warning  take — 

or  love  that  Um  b*  Dot  MIb. 
And  bU  them  think  of  BV  brtdto. 
Cn^ftmit  JmmnrtM  (*' fiilMoSs  of  Bodtihsto.* 


Bridlegoose  (Jwlge),  a  judge  who 
decided  the  causes  broi^t  before  him 
not  by  weighing  the  ments  of  the  case, 
but  h^  the  more  simple  process  of  throw- 
ing dice. — ^Rabelais,  Pantag'ruei',  iii.  38 
(1545). 

*^*  Beaumarchais,  in  his  Mamage  of 
Figaro  (1784),  has  introduced  this  judge 
under  the  name  of  **  Brid*oiBon.''  The 
person  satirized  by  Rabelais  is  the  chan- 
cellor Poyet. 

Bri'dlealy  (Joe),  a  horse^ealer  at 
Liverpool,  of  whom  Julian  Peveril  buys 
a  horse.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Peveril  of  t/ie 
Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

^  'BTid*oiBon[Bree.dwoy,xSng^,  astopid 
judge  in  the  Mariage  de  Fiijaro^  a  comedy 
m  French,  by  Beaumarchais  (1784). 

Bridoon  (Corporal),  in  lieutenant 
Nosebag's  regiment.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Wacerlcy  (time,  George  II.). 

Brlen'nillS  (Nicephorus),  the  Caesar 
of  the  Grecian  empire,  and  husband  of 
Anna  C?omne'na  (daughter  of  Alexius 
0>mnCnos,  emperor  of  Greece). — Sir  W. 
Scott,  CowiU  Robert  of  Paris  (time, 
Rnfus). 

Briffado're  (4  syl.\  sir  Gnyon's 
horse,  xhe  word  means  "Golden  bridle." 
—Spenser,  Fairy  Queen,  v.  8  (169G). 

Brigcui'tes  (8  syL),  called  by  Dravton 
Briffants,  the  people  of  Yorkshire,  Lan- 
cashire, Westmoi^dand,  Cumberland,  and 
Durham. 

Where  In  the  Briton^  nil*  of  jor*  tba  Brtiants  ivarfd. 
Um  iwwertel  Bni^lifa  artaMbbsd  .  .  .  Morthunbwlaad 
\Mmtkumbrim\ 

OtajrtMi,  PolM^fHan,  vT..  (ISlS). 


BRIGGS. 


134 


BRITANNIA. 


Brings,  one  of  the  ten  joong  gentle- 
men in  the  school  of  Dr.  Bliml^r  when 
Paul  Donibey  was  a  pupil  there.  Brig^s 
was  nicknamed  the  "Stoney/*  because  his 
brains  were  petrified  by  the  constant 
dropping  of  wiwlom  upon  them. — C. 
DicKcns,  Dombey  and  Son  (1846). 

Brigliadoro  [BriV.pe.dor'.ro],  Or- 
lando^s  steed.  The  word  means  ^*Gold 
bridle."— Ariosto,  Orlando  Furioso  (1616). 

Sir  Guyon's  horse,  in  Spenser's  Fcury 
QueeHf  is  called  by  the  same  name  (1596). 

Brilliant  (Sir  Philip),  a  great  fop, 
but  brave  soldier,  like  the  fiimous  Murat. 
lie  would  dress  with  all  the  finery  of  a 
vain  girl,  but  would  share  watching,  toil, 
and  peril  with  the  meanest  soldier.  **  A 
butterfly  in  the  drawing-room,  but  a 
Hector  oh  the  battle-field.**  He  was  a 
'*  blade  of  proof;  you  might  laugh  at  the 
scabbard,  but  you  wouldn't  at  the  blade.** 
He  falls  in  love  with  lady  Anne,  reforms 
his  vanities,  and  marries. — S.  Knowles, 
Old  Maids  (1841). 

Brilliant  Madman  (The),  Charles 
XII.  of  Sweden  (1682,  1697-1718). 

Brillianta  (ITie  lady),  a  great  wit  in  ' 
the  ancient  romance  entitled  TiratUe  le 
Blanc,  author  unknown. 

Here  nn  Ttrantt  U  BUne]  we  dull  find  the  fiunoos 
kftlKht  don  Kjrrie  EIjrBon  of  Montalban.  bk  twother 
Thorons.  the  knight  Fonwrft.  ...  the  itratiisenia  of  the 
willow  Tranquil  .  .  .  Mid  the  «^ttkianu  of  lady  Brilliant*. 
TtiU  b  one  of  the  noet  uQudng  books  ever  wrltton.— 
CervaotM,  /Km  quUntt*^  L  L  6  (ISOS). 

Bris  (//  conte  di  San),  governor  of  the 
Louvre.  He  is  father  of  Valenti'na  and 
leader  of  the  St.  Bartholomew  massacre. 
— Meyerbeer,  Les  Huguenots  (1836). 

Brisao'  (Justice),  brother  of  Mira- 
mont. 

Charles  Brisac,  a  scholar,  son  of  justice 
Brisac. 

Eustace  Brisac,  a  courtier,  brother  of 
Charles. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  T/ie 
Elder  Brother  (1637). 

Brise'is  (3  syl.),  whose  real  name  was 
Hippodanii'a,  was  the  daughter  of  Bris^, 
brother  of  the  priest  ChrysSs.  She  was 
the  concubine  of  Achilla,  but  when 
Achill&j  bullied  Agamemnon  for  not 
giving  Chrj'se'is  to  her  father,  who  offered 
a  ransom  for  her,  Agamemnon  turned 
upon  him  and  said  he  would  let  Chryseis 

fo,   but  should   take  Briseis  instead. — 
lomer,  Iliad,  i. 

Brisk,  a  good-natured  conceited  cox- 
comb, with  a  most  voluble  tongue.  Fond 
of  saying  "good  thingSj"  and  pointing 


them  out  with  such  expressions  as  "Then 
I  had  you,  eh  ?  *'  "  That  was  pretty  well, 
egad,  eh ? "  "I  hit  you  in  the  teeth  there, 
egad ! "  His  ordinary  oath  was  "  Let  mo 
perish !  *'  He  makes  love  to  ladv  Froth. — 
W.  Congreve,  The  Double  Dealer  (1694). 

Brislde  (2  syL),  disguised  under  the 
name  of  Putskie.  A  captain  in  the  Mos- 
covite  arm}',  and  brother  of  general 
Archas  "  the  loyal  subject  '*  of  the  great- 
duke  of  Moscovia. — Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  The  Loyal  Subject  (1618). 

Bris'flotin,  one  of  the  followers  of 
Jean  Pierre  Brissot,  an  advanced  revolu- 
tionist. The  Brissotins  were  subsequently 
merged  in  tiie  Girondists,  and  the  word 
dropped  out  of  use. 

Bristol  Boy  (The),  Thonaas  Chatter- 
ton,  the  poet,  bom  at  Bristol.  Also 
called  "The  Marvellous  Boy.'*  Byron 
calls  him  "The  wondrous  boy  who 
perished  in  his  pride"  (1752-1770). 

Bristol  Man's  Gift,  a  present  of 
something  which  the  giver  pronounces  to 
be  of  no  use  or  no  value  to  himself. 

Britain,  according  to  the  British 
triads,  was  called  first  "  The  green  water- 
fort**  (Clas  Merddyn)\  this  was  before  it 
was  populated.  Its  next  name  was  "  llie 
honey  isle"  (F  Vel  Ynys),  But  after  it 
was  brought  under  one  head  by  Prydain 
sonof  Aedd,  it  was  called  "Prydain's  isle" 
(Ynys  Prydain), 

It  has  also  been  called  "  Hypefbo'rea," 
"  Atlan'tica,"  "Cassit'cris,"  "Roma'na,** 
and  "Thule."  Also  "  Yr  Ynys  Wen" 
("  the  white  island  "),  and  some  will  havo 
that  the  word  Albion  is  derived  from  the 
I^tin,  cUbus,  "  white,"  and  that  the  island 
was  so  called  from  "  its  white  cliffs,"  an 
etymology  only  suited  to  fable. 

Bochart  says  Barutanic  ("country  of 
tin  "),  a  Phoenician  word,  contracted  into 
B'ratan\  is  the  true  derivation. 

Britain,  in  ArUiurian  romance, 
always  means  Brittany.  England  is 
called  Logris  or  Logria. 

Britan'nia.  The  Romans  represented 
the  island  of  Great  Britain  by  tne  figure 
of  a  woman  seated  on  a  rock,  from  a 
fanciful  resemblance  thereto  in  the  general 
outline  of  the  island.  The  idea  is  less 
poetically  expressed  by  "An  old  witch  on 
a  broomstick." 

The  effigy  of  Britannia  on  our  copper 
coin  dates  from  the  reign  of  Charles  II. 
(1672),  and  was  engraved  by  Rueticr 
from  a  drawing  by  Evelyn.    It  is  meant 


BRTTAinnA* 


116 


BROBDIXQNAQ. 


for 


of  the  kiiig*s  court  faronrites, 
17  Fnnocfl  Thc:resa  Stuart,  duchess 
of  Bicfanoad,  Mid  others  Barbara  Yilliers, 
docfaeK  of  Ckveland. 

Britannia,  the  name  of  the  ship  under 
&e  command  of  captain  Albert,  in  Fal- 
coner's pof*ra  called  The  Shipicreck,  It  was 
dadied  to  pieces  on  Uie  projecting  rerge  of 
cape  Colonna,  the  most  southern  point 
«f  Attica  (1756). 


British  History  of  Geoffrey  of 
Ifonmooth,  is  a  translation  of  a  Welsh 
Chronicle.  It  is  in  nine  books,  and  con- 
taiiis  a  '*  history  *'  of  the  Britons  and 
Welsh  from  Brvtos,  gTeat>-gTandson  of 
Trokm  iCneas  to  the  death  of  Cadwallo 
or  Cadvallader  in  688.  This  Geoffrey 
vas  first  archdeacon  of  Monmouth,  and 
then  bishop  of  St.  Asaph.  The  general 
ovtline  of  the  work  is  the  same  as  that 
giren  by  Nennins  three  centuries  pre- 
Tioaaly.'  Geoffrey*s  Ckronicte,  published 
about  114ji,  formed  a  basis  for  many 
subsequent  historical  works.  A  com- 
pendinm  by  Dioeto  is  published  in  Gale's 
CkromicieM, 

British  Idon  (TKe),  the  spirit  or 
pugnacity  of  the  British  nation,  as  oi>> 
poMd  to  Jokn  Bull,  which  symbolizes  the 
substantiality,  obsitinacy,  and  soliditv  of 
the  British  nation,  with  all  its  prejudices 
sad  national  peculiarities.  To  rouse 
Joha  Bull  is  to  tread  on  his  corns,  to 
fottse  the  British  Lion  is  to  blow  the  war- 
trumpet  in  his  ears.  The  British  Lion  also 
Beans  the  most  popular  celebrity  of  the 
British  nation  for  the  time  being. 


0«r 


Jcfdu. 


b  owtant  to  Uw  hftMt  wbkb 
of  duinf  ono*  hta  wtno  aitK 


British  Soldiers'  Battle  (ITut), 

the  battle   of  Inkerman,   Korember  0, 

18M. 

fiMttmbhan  niaa.  lor  trao  oU  Ini^Ui  molnUon  to 
•cht  a  art  to  tfe*  bat.  amM  tnrf  diMdv«ntii«e  and 
^riaat  aiaM«  turn  wbdwli^  oMi,  bmo  wlU  for  agM 
»otet  to  lBk«nMB.  "  tbft  BrUbh  ioldicn'  Batile.'*--^ 
fciwud  Omwr.  Th€  /Vtom  Dt^tbf  BattU$  (proflioo). 

Brifomarty  the  representotive  of 
chssti^.  She  was  the  daughter  and 
heiress  of  king  Ryence  of  Wales,  and  her 
hi^oid  forms  Uie  third  book  of  the  Faeru 
Qmrn,  One  day,  looking  into  Venus  s 
looking-glass,  ^ven  by  Merlin  to  her 
father,  she  saw  therein  sir  Artegal,  and  fell 
in  love  with  him.  Her  nurse  Glaucfi 
(2  syL)  tried  by  charms  "to  undo  her 
lore,*'  but  "  love  that  is  in  gentle  heart 
begun  no  idle  charm  can  remove.**  Find- 
ing her  "charms'"  ineffectual,  she  took 
her  to  Merlin's  cave  in  Carmaxthen,  and 


the  magician  told  her  she  would  be  tha 
mother  of  a  line  of  kings  (the  Tudora)^ 
and  after  twice  400  years  one  of  her 
offspring,  **a  royal  vi^n,"  would  shake 
the  power  of  S^min.  (jlauce  now  sug- 
gested that  they  should  start  in  quest  of 
sir  Artegal,  and  Britomart  donned  the 
armour  of  An'gela  (queen  of  the  Angles), 
which  she  found  in  her  father's  armoury, 
and  taking  a  magic  spear  which  "  nothing 
could  resist,'*  she  sallied  forth.  Her 
adventures  allegorize  the  triumph  of 
chastity  over  impurity :  Thus  in  Castie 
Joyous,  Malacasta  (/imO*  "^^  knowing  her 
sex,  tried  to  seduce  her,  "  but  she  flees 
youthful  lust,  which  wars  against  the 
soul."  She  next  overthrew  S^rinel,  son 
of  Cym'oent.  Then  nuule  her  appearance 
as  tiie  Squire  of  Dames.  Her  last  achic\'e- 
ment  was  the  deliverance  of  Am'oret 
iioifely  love)  from  the  enchanter  BQsirane. 
tier  marriage  is  deferred  to  bk.  v.  6, 
when  she  tilted  with  sir  Artegal,  who 
"  shares  away  the  vcntail  of  her  helmet 
with  his  sword,"  and  was  about  to  strike 
again  when  he  became  so  amazed  at  her 
beauty  that  he  thought  she  must  be  a  god- 
dess. She  bade  the  knight  remove  his 
helmet,  at  once  rec<^izea  him,  consented 
"to  be  his  love,  and  to  take  him  for  her 
lord." — Spenser,  faery  Qucen^  iii.  (1590). 

8Im  ehannwl  at  once  And  t«iued  tlio  hoait. 
Incomnorahtir  RritoniTt. 

8fa-W.  Scott. 

Briton  (Coioner)^  a  Scotch  officer, 
who  sees  donna  Isabella  jump  from 
a  window  in  order  to  escape  from  a  mar- 
riage she  dislikes.  The  colonel  catches 
I  her,  and  takes  her  to  the  house  of  donna 
Yiolante,  her  friend.  Here  he  calU  upon 
her,  but  don  Felix,  the  lover  of  Yiolante, 
supposing  Yiolante  to  be  the  object  of  his 
visits,  becomes  jealous,  till  at  the  end  the 
mystery  is  cleared  up,  and  a  double 
marriage  is  the  result. — Mrs.  (Jentlivre, 
The  Wonder  (1714). 

Broadside  (A),  To  constitute  a 
broadside,  the  matter  should  be  printed 
on  the  entire  sheet,  on  one  side  of  the 
paper  only,  not  in  columns,  but  in  one 
measure.  '  It  matters  not  which  wav  of 
the  paper  the  priuting  is  displayed,  or 
what  the  size  of  type,  provided  the  whole 
is  presented  to  the  eye  in  one  view. 
Although  Uic  entire  matter  of  a  broadside 
must  be  contained  on  one  side  of  a  sheet 
of  paper,  an  endorsement  may  be  allowed. 

Brob'dingnsjg,  a  country  of  enor- 
mous giants,  to  whom  Gulliver  was  a  tiny 
dwarf.    They  were  as  tall   "aa  an  or<t 


BROCK. 


1S6 


BBOWDIB. 


dinaiy  chwdi   steeple,"   and  all  their 
mzioandingi  wert  in  {Mroportion* 


Yob  high  otiBWh  ilBcpta;  jroo  ^i^wkr  •t>St 
Toor  huilMUMl  oMBl  oooM  fram  Browllinnag. 

KiUM  OUtfii.  J/iAu. 

Brook  (Adam)t  in  Charles  JT//.,  an 
historical  drama  by  J.  R.  Planch^ 

Broken  Feather.  A  broken  feather 
in  htM  wing,  a  scandal  connected  with 
one's  name,  a  bloi  on  one's  'scutcheon. 

ir  an  •iitfBl  were  to  walk  about.  Mn.  Sam  Hant  wooli 
■erw  raM  tiU  the  had  toum4  oat  vbaiv  ho  oanie  froaa. 

And  MtbaiM  wtMthar  he  bad  a  broken  fiatlMr  in  hia 
wins,— MfToHithant,  Ptutk9,Jun^  U.  S. 

Broken-Oirth-Flow  (Laa^  of), 
one  of  the  Jacobite  conspirators  in  The 
Black  Dwarfy  a  novel  by  sir  W.  Scott 
(time,  Anne). 

Broken  Heart  (The),  a  tragedy  by 
John  Ford  (1688).    (See  Caulntha.) 

Broker  of  the  Smpire  {The), 
Dari'us,  son  of  Hystafip^,  was  so  called 
by  the  Persians  from  his  great  care  of 
the  financial  condition  of  his  empire. 

Bro'mia^  wife  of  Sotia  (slave  of 
Amphitryon),  in  the  service  of  Alc- 
me'na.  A  nagging  termagant^  who 
keeps  her  husband  in  petticoat  subjection. 
She  is  not  one  of  the  characters  in 
MoUfere's  comedy  of  Amphitryvn,-' 
Dryden,  Amphitryon  (1690). 

Bromton's  Chronicle  (time,  Ed- 
ward Hi.),  that  is,  "The  Chronicle  of 
John  Bromton  "  printed  among  the  Decern 
Scriptures,  under  the  titles  of  "  Chronicon 
Johannis  Bromton,"  uid  **  Joralanensis 
Historia  a  Johanne  Bromton,"  abbot  of 
Jerevaux,  in  Yorkshire.  It  commences 
with  the  conversion  of  the  Saxons  by  St. 
Augustin,  and  closes  with  the  death  of 
Richard  1.  in  1199.  Selden  has  proved 
that  the  chronicle  was  not  written  by 
Bromton,  but  was  merely  brought  to 
the  abbey  while  he  was  abbot. 

Bron'tes  (2  syt.),  one  of  the  Cyclops, 
hence  a  blacksmith  generally.  Called 
Bronteus  (2  syl.)  by  Spenser,  FaSry 
Queen,  iv.  5  (1696). 

Mot  with  Midi  weight  to  frame  the  forkjr  brand. 
The  ponderoiu  hamm^  fkOt  froni  BrontA^  hand. 
JtnuaUm  Ihtl9Mrmi,  xx.  (UooTa  tranalation). 

Bronsely  (2  syl.),  a  mere  rake,  whose 
vanity  was  to  be  thought  **a  general 
seducer." — Mrs.  Inchbald,  Wnes  as  they 
Were,  and  Maids  as  they  Are  (1797). 

Bron'aomarte  (8  syL),  the  sorrel 
iteed  of  sir  LAuncelot  Greaves.  The 
word  means  a  *' mettlesome  sorrel." — 
BffloUett,  Sir  Launcelot  Greaves  (1756). 


Brook  {Master),  the  name  asanmed 
by  Ford  when  sir  John  Falstaff  makes 
love  to  his  wife.  Sir  John,  not  knowinj^ 
him,  confides  to  him  every  item  of  hia 
amour,  and  tells  him  how  cleverly  he  has 
duped  Ford  by  being  carried  out  in  a 
buck-basket  before  his  very  face. — 
Shakespeare,  Merry  Wives  of  Wmdsor 
(1601). 

Brook  Street  (Grosvenor  Square, 
London),  is  so  called  from  a  brook  or 
stream  which  at  one  time  ran  down  that 
locality. 

BrooQEor,  the  man  who  stole  the  son 
of  Ralph  Nickleby  out  of  revenge,  called 
him  **  Smike,"  and  put  him  to  sdiool  at 
Dotheboys  Hall,  Yorkshire.  His  tale  is 
told  p.  694-6  (original  edit.).~a 
Dickens,  Nicholas  NicSeby  (1838). 

Brother  Jon'athan.  When  Wash- 
ington was  in  want  of  ammunition,  he 
called  a  council  of  officers  ;  but  no  prac- 
tical suggestion  being  offered,  he  said, 
'*  We  must  consult  brother  Jonathan, 
meaning  his  excellency  Jonathan  Trum- 
bull, the  elder  governor  of  the  state  of 
Connecticut.  This  was  done,  and  the  diffi- 
culty surmounted.  **To  consult  brother 
Jonathan  "  then  became  a  set  phrase,  and 
**  Brother  Jonathan  "  became  the  **  John 
BuU"  of  the  United  States.— J.  R.  Bari- 
lett.  Dictionary  of  Awtericanisms, 

Brother  Sam,  the  brother  of 
lord  Dundreary,  the  hero  of  a  comedy 
based  on  a  German  drama,  by  John 
Oxenford,  with  additions  and  alterations 
by  E.  A.  Sothem  and  T.  B.  Buckstone. — 
Supplied  by  T.  B.  Buckstone,  Esq. 

Brothers  (The),  a  comedy  by 
Richard  Cumberland  (1769).  (For  the 
plot,  see  Belfikld,  Brotukbs.) 

Brougham's    Plaid   Trousers. 

The  story  goes  that  lord  Brougham 
r^»'Dom]  once  paid  a  visit  to  a  great  eloth 
factory  m  the  north,  and  was  so  pleased 
with  one  of  the  patterns  that  he  requested 
to  be  supplied  with  "  a  dozen  pieces  for  his 
own  use,  meaning,  of  course,  enough  for 
a  dozen  pair  of  trousers.  The  clothier 
sent  him  **a  dozen  pieces,**  containing 
several  hundred  yards,  so  that  his  lord- 
ship was  not  only  set  up  for  life  in  plaid 
for  trousers,  but  had  enough  to  supply 
a  whole  clan. 

Browdie  {John),  a  brawny,  big-made 
Yorkshire  corn-factor,  bluff,  bruaqiM, 
honest,  and  kind-hearted.  He  befriends 
poor  Smike,  and  is  much  attached  to 


BROWK. 


M 


BRULQRUDDERT. 


KidiDlu  Nkkl^yy.  John  Browdie  marries 
3bti!da  Price,  a  millei's  danghter. — C. 
Dickeiu,  Nichola$  Niddthy  (1838). 

Brown  (  Vaaihetat)^  lieutenant  of  Dirk 
Haaeirnkk.— Sir  W.   Scott,    Guy   Man- 
(time,  Geoige  II.). 


Bn/vn  (Jonathan)^  landlord  of  Uie 
Blaek  Bear  at  Darlimztoo.  Here  Frank 
0»baIdiitone  meets  IU>b  Roy  at  dinner. 
•-Sir  W.  Scott,  JUb  Roy  (tune,  George 
L). 

Frown  (Mr9.)t  the  widow  of  the  brother- 
m-law  of  tilie  Hon.  Mrs.  Skewton.  She 
had  one  dauj^ter,  Alice  Harwood,  who 
was  first  cooain  to  Kdith  (Mr.  Dombey's 
secoi^  wife).  Mrs.  Brown  lived  in  great 
poTerty,  her  onlj  known  vocation  being 
**  to  strip  children  of  their  clothes,  whiw 
^  sold  or  pawned.** — C  Dickens,  Dom- 
hey  ami  3m  {i^iS). 

Brown  (Mrs.),  a  "Krs.  John  BoU,** 
with  all  the  practical  sense^  kind- 
heartedness,  absence  of  conventionality, 
and  the  prejudices  of  a  well-to-do  but 
hslf-edncated  Englishwoman  of  the  middle 
shop  class.  She  passes  her  opinions  on 
all  corrent  events,  and  travels  about, 
taking  with  her  all  her  prejudices,  and 
desptsing  ever}'thing  which  is  not  £ng- 
liah. — ^Arthur    Sketchley   [Rev.    George 

Brown  (Hablot)  illustrated  some  of 
Diekens's  novels,  uid  took  the  pseudonym 
of  "Phiz**  (1812-       ). 

Brown  the  Tonnger  ( Thomas),  the 
iMm  de  plwne  of  Thomas  Moore,  in  Ths 
Two-penny  Post-bag^  a  series  of  witty  and 
Toy  popnlar  satires  on  the  prince  regent 
(aftcnrards  Cicorge  IV.),  his  minisiers, 
SDd  hb  boon  companions.  Also  in  The 
iWis  FamXrt  in  Paris,  and  in  The  Fttdget 
m  En^and  (\9Sb). 

Brown«  Jones,  and  Bobineon, 
three  Englishmen  who  travel  together. 
Their  adventofes,  by  Richard  Doyle,  were 
published  in  Punch,  In  them  is  held  up 
to  lidienle  the  oaucfuerie.  the  contracted 
Botioas,  the  vu^rity,  the  conceit,  and 
the  eennal  snobbism  of  the  middle-class 
Sa(^ush  abroad. 

Browne.  To  astonish  the  Browns, 
to  do  or  say  something  regardless  of  the 
snaoyance  it  may  cause  or  the  shock  it 
Bav  give  to  Mrs.  Grundy.  Anne  Boleyn 
kad  a  whole  elan  of  Browns,  or  "  country 
eoasins,**  who  were  welcomed  at  court  in 
the  reign  of  Elizabeth.    The  queen,  how- 


ever, was  quick  to  see  what  was  gauehe, 
and  did  not  scruple  to  reprove  them  tot 
uncourtly  manners.  Her  plainness  of 
speech  used  quite  to  **  astonish  the 
Browns." 

Browne  {General)  pays  a  visit  to 
lord  Woodville.  His  bedroom  for  the 
night  is  the  "  tapestried  chamber,*'  where 
be  sees  the  apparition  of  "the  lady  in 
the  sacque,"  ana  next  morning  relates  his 
adventure.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Tha  Tapestried 
Chamber  (time,  George  III.). 

Brownlow,  a  most  benevolent  old 
gentleman,  who  rescues  Obver  Twist  froiA 
his  vile  associates.  He  refuses  to  believe 
in  Oliver's  guilt  of  theft,  altboogh  ap- 
pearances were  certainly  against  him,  and 
ne  even  takes  the  boy  into  bis  service.*— 
C.  Dickens,  Oiiver  jHoist  (1887). 

Brox'mouth  (John),  a  neighbour  of 
Happer  the  miller.—Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Monastery  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Brace  (TV),  an  epic  poem  by  John 
Barbour  (1320-1895). 

Bru'eL  the  name  of  the  goose,  in  the 
talo  of  Beynard  the  Fox,  The  word 
means  the  *^Little  roarer"  (1498). 

Bru'tn,  the  name  of  the  bear,  in  the 
beast-epic  called  Beynard  the  Fox,  Hencd 
a  bear  m  general. 

The  word  means  the  "brown  one" 
(1498). 

Bru'in,  one  of  the  leaders  arrayed 
against  Hudibras.  He  is  meant  for  one 
liLlgol,  a  Newgate  butcher,  who  obtained 
a  captain*s  commission  for  valour  at 
Naseby.  He  marched  next  to  Orsin 
[Joshua  Gosling,  landlord  of  the  bear- 
gardens at  Sonihwark]. — S.  Butler,  Hud^ 
bras,  i.  8. 

Bruin  (Mrs,  and  Mr,),  daughter  and 
son-in-law  to  sir  Jacob  Jollup.  Mr. 
Bruin  is  a  huge  bear  of  a  fellow,  and  rules 
his  wife  with  scant  courtesy. — S.  Foote, 
The  Mayor  of  Garratt  (1768). 

Brulffrud'dery  (Dennis),  landlord 
of  the  Red  Cow,  on  Muckslush  Heath. 
He  calls  himself  '*an  Irish  gintleman 
bred  and  bom.**  He  was  **  brought  up  to 
the  church,'*  i.^.  to  be  a  church  beadle, 
but  lost  his  place  lor  snoring  at  sormon- 
tinie.  He  is  a  sot,  with  a  very  kind 
heart,  and  is  honest  in  great  matters,  al- 
though in  business  he  will  palm  off  an 
old  cock  for  a  young  capon. 

Mrs,  Brulgruddery,  wife  of  Dennis,  and 
widow  of  Mr.  Skinnygange,  former  land- 


BRUMO. 


1B8 


BRUTE. 


lord  of  tbe  Red  Cow.  Unprincipled, 
•elf-willed,  ill-tempered,  and  over-reach- 
ing. Money  is  the  only  thing  that  moves 
her,  and  when  she  has  taken  a  bribe  she 
will  whittle  down  the  service  to  the  finest 
point. — G.  Colman,  jun.,  John  Bull  (1805). 

Brumo,  a  place  of  worship  in  Ciaca 
(one  of  the  Shetland  Isles). 

Far  tnm  Us  Mends  tbcr  plaMd  him  in  Om  borry 
dicl«  or  Bnimo.  vbcre  the  ghosts  of  tbe  dead  bowl 
roand  tb*  stouc  of  thdr  Cear.— OibImi.  P%m4fal,  tL 


Brun'cheval  "the  Bold,**  a  paynim 
knight,  who  tilted  with  sir  Satyrane,  and 
both  were  thrown  to  the  ground  together 
at  the  first  encounter.— -Spenser,  Fairy 
Qwseny  ir.  4  (1596). 

Bronel'o,  a  deformed  dwarf,  who  at 
the  siege  of  Albracca  stole  Sacripan'te's 
charger  from  between  his  legs  without  his 
knowinf^  it.  He  also  stole  Angelica's 
magic  nng,  by  means  of  which  he  re- 
lea^  Roge'ro  from  the  castle  in  which  he 
was  imprisoned.  Ariosto  says  that  Agra- 
mant  gave  the  dwarf  a  rii^  which  nad 
the  power  of  resisting  magic. — Bojardo, 
Orlando  Innamorato  (1495) ;  and  Anosto, 
Orlando  Furioso  (1516). 

"  L'  wrs  taoebo.  "Slept  so  soondly  opon  Dapple,  that 
the  thief  had  Ume  enough  to  dap  four  stains  under  Uie 
four  comen  of  mj  ponnel.  and  to  lead  away  tbe  beast 
fkom  under  my  legs  without  waking  bm."— Osrvaptes,  Don 
Qutjot0.  II.  L  4  (ISISL 

Brunenbur^  (Battle  of)^  referred  to 
in  Tennyson's  Amg  Harold^  is  the  victor}' 
obtained  in  938  by  king  Athelstan  over 
the  Danes. 

Brunetta,  mother  of  Chery  (who 
married  his  cousin  Fairstar).— <k)mtesse 
D'Aunoy,  Fairy  Tales  ("Princess  Fair- 
star,"  1682). 

Brunetta^  the  rival  beauty  of  Phyllis. 
On  one  occasion  Phyllis  procured  a  most 
marvellous  fabric  of  gold  brocade  in 
order  to  eclipse  her  rival,  but  Brunetta 
arrayed  her  train-bearer  in  a  dress  of  the 
same  material  and  cut  in  the  same  fashion. 
Phyllis  was  so  mortified  that  she  went 
home  and  died. — 77<«  Spectator, 

Brunhild,  queen  of  Issland,  who 
made  a  vow  that  none  should  win  her 
who  could  not  surpass  her  in  three  trials 
of  skill  and  strength :  (1)  hurling  a 
spear;  (2)  throwing  a  stone:  and  (3) 
jumping.  GUnther  king  of  Burgundy 
undertook  the  three  contests,  and  by  the 
aid  of  Siegfried  succeeded  in  winning  the 
martial  queen.  Ftrsty  hurling  a  spear 
that  three  men  could  scarcely  lift:  the 
queen  hurled  it  towards  GUnther,  but 
Siegfried,  iu  his  invisible  cloak,  reversed 


iti  direction,  causing  at  to  strike  the  qnc 
and  knock  her  down.  Nexty  throwing  a 
stone  so  huge  that  twelve  brawny  men 
were  employed  to  carry  it :  Brunhild 
lifted  it  nn  high,  flung  it  twelve  fathoms, 
and  jumped  l^yond  it.  A^irain  Siegfried 
helped  his  friend  to  throw  it  further,  and 
in  leaping  beyond  the  stone.  The  oueen, 
beingfairly  beaten,  exclaimed  to  her  liege^ 
men,  "  1  am  no  longer  your  queen  and 
mistress ;  henceforth  are  ye  the  liegemen 
of  GUnther"  (lied  vii.).  After  marriage 
Brunhild  was  so  obstreperous  that  the 
king  again  applied  to  Siegfried,  who  suc- 
ceeded in  depriving  her  of  her  ring  and 
girdle,  after  which  she  became  a  very 
submissive  wife. — The  Niebelui^en  Lied, 

Bru'no  {Bishop) ^  bishop  of   Herbi- 

Klita'num.  Sailing  one  day  on  the 
inube  witii  Henry  III.  emperor  of 
Germany,  they  came  to  Ben  Stmdel 
((*  the  devouring  gulf "),  near  Grinon 
Castle,  in  Austna.  Here  the  voice  of  a 
spirit  clamoured  aloud,  **  Ho !  ho !  Bishop 
Bruno,  whither  art  Uiou  travelling?  But 
go  thy  ways,  bishop  Bruno,  for  thou  sbalt 
travel  with  me  to-night.**  At  night,  while 
feasting  with  the  emperor,  a  rafter  fell  on 
his  he^  and  killed  him.  Southcy  has  a 
ballad  called  Bisliop  Bruno^  but  it  deviates 
from  the  original  legend  given  by  Hoy- 
wood  in  several  particulan? :  It  makes 
bishop  Bruno  hear  the  voice  first  on  his 
way  to  the  emperor,  who  had  invited  him 
to  dinner;  next,  at  the  beginning  of 
dinner;  and  thirdly,  when  the  guests  had 
well  feasted.  At  the  last  warning  an  ice- 
cold  hand  touched  him,  and  Bruno  fell 
dead  in  the  banquet  hall. 

Brush,  the  impertinent  English  valet 
of  lord  Ogleby.  If  his  lordship  calls  he 
never  hears  unless  he  chooses ;  u  his  bell 
rings  he  never  answers  it  till  it  suits  his 
pleasure.  He  helps  himself  freely  to  all 
nis  master's  things,  and  makes  love  to  all 
the  pretty  chamoermaids  he  comes  into 
contact  with. — Colman  and  Garrick,  The 
Clandestine  Marriage  (1766). 

Brut  (Le)i  a  metrical  chronicle  of 
Maitre  Wace,  canon  of  Caen,  in  Nor- 
mandy. It  contains  the  earliest  history 
of  England,  and  other  historical  legends 
(twelfth  century). 

Brute  (1  8yL)y  the  first  king  of 
Britain  (in  mythical  history).  He  was 
the  son  of  iKneas  Silvias  (grandson  of 
Ascanius  and  great-grandson  of  .£neas 
of  Troy).  Brute  billed  London  (the 
capital  of  his  adopted  country)  Troy- 


BKUTE. 


189 


BRUTUS. 


(Mn9  IVoy).  The  legend  u  this : 
An  oiscle  declared  that  Brute  should  be 
the  death  of  both  his  parents ;  his  mother 
died  in  child-birth,  and  at  the  age  of 
15  Brote  shot  his  father  accidentally 
in  a  deer-hunt.  Being  driren  from  Alba 
Longa,  he  colleeted  a  band  of  old  Trojans 
and  landed  at  Totness,  in  Devonshire. 
His  wife  was  Innogen,  dao^ter  of  Pan- 
dn'sos  king  of  Greece.  His  tale  is  told 
at  length  in  the  Chnmictes  of  Geoffrey  of 
Monmouth,  in  the  first  song  of  Dray- 
ton*s  Pol^oibitMy  and  in  Spenser's  Fc&ry 
QiHm,iL 

BmU  {8tr  JoAn),  a  coarse,  surly,  ill- 
mannered  brute,  whose  delight  was  to 
**  provoke  **  his  young  wife,  who  he  tells 
M  '*  is  a  yonng  lady,  a  fine  lady,  a  witty 
hdy,  and  a  virtuous  lady,  but  yet  I  hate 
W.**  In  a  drunken  frolic  he  intercepts  a 
tailor  taking  home  a  new  dress  to  lady 
Bniie;  he  insists  on  arraying  himseu 
thoein,  is  arrested  for  a  street  row,  and 
taken  before  the  justice  of  the  peace. 
Being  asked  his  name,  he  ^ves  it  as  "  lady 
John  Brute,**  and  is  dismissed. 

Ladg  BnUe,  wife  of  sir  John.  She  is 
•objected  to  divers  indignities,  uid  in- 
catted  mom,  noon,  and  night,  by  her 
sul^,  drunken  husband.  Lady  Brute 
intngaes  with  Constant,  a  former  lover ; 
bat  her  intrigues  are  more  mischievous 
tksB  vidotts. — Yanbrugh,  The  Provohod 
Wife  (l«r7). 


■Ir  Joha  Brote  -  (Ourlek'a 

!■  woO  eooCTMUd  with  the  fliM-laily  ain  and 

oirbisviliL    [Surdy  thbmiat  beMfliTor.    It 

•»  **bdr /tuM/Wf,"  b«t  not  to  "Mr  Bntte.'l-B. 

MmglUk  LUmmtmrt,  L  MBl 

Bmte  Green-Shield,  the  successor 
of  f^ranc  king  of  Britain.  The  m3rthi- 
eil  Une  is:  (1)  Brute,  great-great-grand- 
ton  of  .£aeas ;  (2)  Locrin,  his  son ;  (3) 
Gaendolen,  the  widow  of  Locrin;  (4) 
Efaraac ;  (5)  Brute  Green-Shield.  Then 
foUow  m  order  Leil,  Hudibras,  Bladud, 
Leir  [Shakespeare's  "Lear*'],  etc 

.  .  .  ofharoianigKMakhifi. 
Itata  OtoHB-ShWd,  to  wtMiae  dbiim  we  pnvklmo*  bnpate 
rtflailj  to  nrtv*  th«  kuuf*  flnt  aMMiaeror,  Brut«. 

Drvtoo.  iNrffoMoM.  rllL  (ISlS). 

Brute's  City,  London,  called  Trino- 
Tint  {Here  Troy). 

&•  Sn«r  1^B«  Mv  «t>t^  ■rate's  dtr  ataadR 
Di^rtfM.  P^tpoiHon.  iyL  (18U). 

(Of  course  T^rmavant  is  so  called  from 
the  Trinovant^  or  Trinobant^,  a  Celtic 
tribe  settled  in  Essex  and  Middlesex 
whflQ  Cs«ar  invaded  the  bland.) 

Bra'toa  Street  (London),  so  called 
from  Bniton,  in  Sometsetshire,  the  seat  of 
John  lord  Bcfkeley  of  Stnttoo. 


Brutus  (Luciua  Junius)^  first  conml 
of  Rome,  wno  condemned  his  own  two 
sons  to  death  for  joining  a  conspiiacv  to 
restore  Tarquin  to  the  throne,  from  which 
he  had  been  banished.  This  subject  hait 
been  dramatized  by  N.  Lee  (1679)  and 
John  H.  Payne,  under  the  title  of  Bruttta 
or  The  Fail  of  Tarquin  (1820).  Altieri 
has  ui  Italian  tragedy  on  the  same  sub- 
ject. In  French  we  have  the  tragedies  ef 
Arnault  (1792)  and  Ponsard  (1843).    (See 

LUCRBTIA.) 

The  Mm  Kean  on  one  oeeaskm  ortnMOtad  to  uip«r  at 
tt>«  GImbow  ThMtre  for  bis  son'i  bencflt     Th«   play 


WM  Parne'i  BnUuM.  in  whicfa  Ui«  tUbtr  took  th«  , 
part  of  "Bruins 'and  <;barlMKcM  llHt  of  "Tllua."  Th« 
•udleoct  wt  wAned  In  tears  dnrlns  lb*  pathetic  iiit«r> 
view,  un  "Brutua"  fiUla  on  the  neck  of  "Tlnu."  a- 
daimini  in  a  bunt  of  aaonjr.  "  Kmbraoe  thj  wreldied 
flatlierl  wlien  the  whole  nouae  broke  forth  Into  peilc  ot 
approbation.  Bdmund  Kean  then  wtUapereH  In  bia  ton 'a 
mr,  "Charlie,  we  art  doins  Uw  trick/— W.  C.  BuaMU. 
MapmtntatitM  Acton,  4St, 

Jumna  Brutua,  So  James  Lynch  Fitz- 
Stephen  has  been  called,  because  (like  the 
first  consul  of  Rome)  he  condemned  his 
own  son  to  death  for  murder,  and  to 
prevent  a  rescue  caused  him  to  be  exe- 
cuted from  the  window  of  his  own  house 
in  Galway  (1493). 

The  Spcmish  Brutus^  Alfonso  Perea  de 
Guzman,  governor  of  Tarifa  in  1293. 
Here  he  was  besieged  by  the  infant  don 
Juan,  who  had  revolted  against  his 
brother,  king  ^ncho  IV.,  and  having 
Guzman's  son  in  his  power,  threatened  to 
kill  him  unless  Tanfa  was  given  up  to 
him.  Guzman  replied,  '*  Sooner  than  bo 
guilty  of  such  treason  I  will  lend  Juan 
a  dagger  to  slay  my  son  ;**  and  bo 
saying  tossed  his  dagger  over  the  wall. 
Sad  to  say,  Juan  took  the  dagger,  and 
assassinated  the  young  man  ^ere  and 
then  (1258-1809). 

Brutm  {Marcus\  said  to  be  the  son  of 

Julius  Ossar  by  Servilia. 

Bratmr  taiatard  band 
Stabb'd  Janus  Onar. 
Bbakespaare,  t  Bwwni  VL  aet  hr.  K.  1  (1801). 

This  Bmtos  is  introduced  by  Shake- 
speare in  his  tragedy  of  Julius  Ccuar^ 
and  the  poet  endows  him  with  every 
quality  of  a  true  patriot.  He  loved 
Cssar  much,  but  he  loved  Rome  more. 

John  P.  Kamble  Mems  to  roe  ahnm  to  pbijr  beet  tboee 
chnmelers  In  wblcfa  there  Is  a  preoijmhiating  tinge  of 
Mate  orer>inaBterliMi  paesion  .  .  .  Tbe  patnclan  piide  of 
"i^Mlolanus,'*  the  stoicism  of  "Bmtua,  the  vebcmriice 
of  "  Uotspar,"  mark  the  oiaas  of  characters  I  mean.— Sir 
W.  Scott 

In  UteUfi  era  lf.Toaf«,  wa  are  told  that  Bdmood  Kean 
In  "Hamlet,*  "Ooriolanoi.'*  "Brutua"  .  .  .  never  ap-  . 
ptoached  witbtai  any  measnnible  distance  of  toe  learned 
and  maleatic  Kemble. 

Brvtua.  Et  tu^  Brute,  Shakespeare, 
OQ  the  aothoiity  <rf  SoetOnius,  pots  thaat 


BRUTUS  AND  CICERO. 


140 


BUCKLAW. 


words  into  the  month  of  Cflssar  when 

Bru'.4i8  stabbed  him.   Shakespeare's  drama 

was  written  in  1607,  and  probably  he  had 

seen  The  True  Tragedy  of  Richard  dadu 

of  York  (1600),  where  tiiese  words  occur ; 

but  even  before  that  date  H.  Stephens 

had  said: 

Jole  Omw.  qoMid  n  Tit  qua  Bnitoa  anal  artolt  de  cenz 
<^tti  biy  tliient  dei  coop*  d'a^pM.  luf  dlt,  KtU  tg  taemant 
cett  4  din.  .  .  .  Bt  tof  roon  flla.  ao  «  ta  wimL—Jlmuf 
DM.  rf«  jr^MMi  Lamp.  Frtme  (106IK 

Brutus  and  Cioero.  Cicero  says : 
"  Cssare  interfecto,  statim^  cruentnm  alte 
extoUens  M.  Brutus  pu^onem  Ciceron-' 
em  nominatim  exclamavit,  atque  ei  re> 
cupcratam  libertatem  est  gratulatus.** — 
Pniiipp,  ii.  12. 

When  Brntnt  nm. 

.  .  TTm  called  aloud 

On  TuUjri  name,  and  ihook  hb  crinuon  atCAL 

And  bade  the  "  faUM>r  of  bis  country"  baiL 

Aluoalde. /fMWMTM  qf /MMviiMMeM,  L 

Bryoe's  Day  (5ie.),  November  18. 
On  St.  BiTce's  Day,  1002,  Ethelred  caused 
all  the  Danes  in  the  kingdom  to  be 
secretly  murdered  in  one  night. 

In  one  nlgbt  Um  ttiroati  of  aU  tbe  Danish  cut. 

Drajrton.  ^ofyuMon.  lil.  (181S). 

Bry'done  {Elspeth)  or  Glendinning, 
widow  of  Simon  Glendinning,  of  the 
Tower  of  Glendeaig.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Monastery  (time,  ElbbAbeth). 

Bubas'tis,  the  Dian'a  of  Egyptian 
m^thology^.  She  was  the  dau^ter  of 
Idis  and  sister  of  Uorus. 

Bubenburg  {Sir  Adrian  de)y  a  veteran 
knight  of  Berne. — Sir  W.  Scot<^  Anne  of 
Qeierstein  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Buooa,  goblin  of  the  wind  in  Celtic 
mythology,  and  supposed  bv  the  ancient 
inhabiUmts  of  Cornwall  to  foretell  ship- 
wreck. 

Buoen'taur,  the  Venetian  State 
galley  used  by  the  do^  when  he  went 
"to  wed  the  Adriatic.**  In  classic 
mythology  the  bucentaur  was  half  man 
and  half  ox. 

Buceph'alos  C' bull-headed"),  the 
name  of  Alexander's  horse,  whicn  cost 
jBdiJOO.  It  knelt  down  when  Alexander 
mounted,  and  was  80  years  old  at  its 
death.  Alexander  built  a  city  called 
Bucephala  in  its  memory. 

Tm  Persian  Bucephalos^  Shibdiz,  the 
famous  chai^er  of  Chosroes  Parviz. 

Buok'et  (ifr.)f  a  shrewd  detective 
officer,  who  cleverly  discovers  that  Hor- 
tense,  the  French  maid-servant  of  lady 
Dedlock,  was  the  murderer  of  Mr.  Tiu- 


kinghom,  and  not  lady  Dedloek  who  waa 
charged  with  the  deed  by  Hortense. — C 
Dickens,  Bleak  House  (1858). 

Bnclringham  (Oeorge  Villiere,  duke 
of).  There  were  two  dukes  of  this  name, 
father  and  son,  both  notorious  for  their 
profligacy  and  political  unscrupuloos- 
ness.  Tbe  first  (1592-1628)  was  the  fa- 
vorite of  James  I.,  nicknamed  **  Steenie" 
by  that  monarch  from  his  personal  bean- 
ty,  **  Steenie  "  being  a  pet  eormption  of 
Stephen,  whose  face  at  martyraom  was 
"as  the  face  of  an  angel."  He  was  as- 
sassinated by  Fenton.  Sir  Walter  Soott 
introduces  him  in  The  Fortnnet  of  Nigeh 
and  his  son  in  Peveril  of  the  Peak,  The 
son(  1 627-88)  also  appears  under  tbe  name 
of  "Zimri"  (g.v.)  in  Dryden's  Abaalom 
and  Aehitophel.  He  was  the  author  of 
The  Reheareal,  a  drama,  upon  which 
Sheridan  founded  his  CrihCj  and  of 
other  works,  but  is  principally  remem- 
bered as  the  profligate  favorite  of  Charles 
II.  He  was  a  member  of  the  famous 
**  Cabal  "  (9.  v.),  and  closed  a  career  of 
great  splendor  and  wickedness  in  the 
most  abject  poverty. 

BHckiiigham  {Henry  de  Stafford,  duke 
of)  was  a  favorite  of  Uiohard  IIL  and  a 
participator  in  his  crimes,  but  revolted 
against  him,  and  was  beheaded  in  1483. 
This  is  the  duke  that  Sackville  met  in 
the  realms  of  Pluto,  and  whose  "  oom- 

Slaynt "  is  given  in  the  induction  of  A 
iirrourfor  Magietraytet  ( 1 587  ).  He  alai 
appears  in  Shakespeare's  Richard  III. 

Buckingham  {Mary  duchess  of),  intro- 
duced by  sir  W.  Scott  in  Peveril  of  the 
Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Buoklaw  {The  laird  o/),  afterwards 
laird  of  Gimmgton.  His  name  was 
Frank  Hayston.  Lucy  Ashton  plights 
her  troth  to  Edgar  master  of  Ravens- 
wood,  and  they  exchange  love-tokens  at 
the  Mermaid's  Fountain  ;  but  her  father, 
sir  William  Ashton,  from  pecuniar}' views, 

Sromises  her  in  marriage  to  the  laird  of 
iucklaw,  and  as  she  signs  the  articles 
Edgar  suddenly  appears  at  the  castle. 
They  return  to  each  other  their  love- 
tokens,  and  Lucy  is  married  to  the  laird ; 
but  on  the  wedding  night  the  brid^room 
is  found  dangerously  wounded  in  the 
bridal  chamber,  and  the  bride  hidden  in 
the  chimney-comer  insane.  Lucy  dies 
in  eonvulsions,  but  Bucklaw  recovers  and 
goes  abroad.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Bride  of 
Lammermoor  (time,  William  III.). 


BUCKLE. 


141 


BULL-DOQ. 


Buckle  (Pui  oOo),  pat  into  pawn  at 
Uie  nte  of  40  per  c«nt.  interest. 

BmcJOe  (To  taik)^  to  talk  about  mar- 
aire. 


I  iMkaild 
A*tfrtai£t( 


who  tdkad  bockto  to  ■M.aad 


BneUers-buiy  (London),  so  called 
fion  c»e  Buckle,  a  grocer  {Oid  and  New 
Lomdom),  In  the  reign  of  Elizabeth  and 
long  afterwards  Bucklersbory  was  chiefly 
inhabited  by  dmmsts,  who  sold  green 
and  dried  l^be.  uenee  Falstaff  says  to 
Mrs.  Ford,  he  eonld  not  assume  the  wajs 
of  tiioae  **  lisping  hawthorn  buds  [u«, 
fomg  /optij,  who  smell  like  Bucklers- 
bory in  simple  -  time.**  —  Shakespeare, 
Mrrrw  Wkoet  of  Wmcbotf  act  iii.  sc  8 

(leoi). 

Bode  lAght,  a  lit^t  derised  by  Mr. 
Gnracj  of  Bade,  in  ComwalL  Intense 
li^t  is  obtained  by  supplying  the  burner 
with  an  abundant  stream  of  oxygen. 
The  principle  of  tiie  Argand  lamp  is  also 
a  free  supply  of  oxygen.  Gumey's  in- 
ventioa  is  too  expensive  to  be  of  general 
scrrioe,  but  «a  intense  li^t  is  obtained 
hj  reflectors  and  refractors  called  Bwie 
itg^iSj  although  they  wholly  diiler  in 
principle  from  Gnmey*s  invention. 

BufToon  ( The  Pulpit).  Hugh  Peten 
is  so  called  by  Dugdale  (159i^l660). 

Bu^  Jargaly  a  negro,  passionately  in 
lore  with  a  white  woman,  but  tempering 
the  wildest  passion  with  the  deepest  re- 
spect.— Victor  Hugo,  Bug  Jargai  (a 
novel). 

BuRnil,  an  Oriental  name  for  a  night- 
faigala.  When,  in  The  Prince»»  (by 
Tennyson),  the  prince,  disguised  as  a 
woman,  enters  with  his  two  friends 
(similariy  disguised)  into  the  college  to 
whidi  no  man  was  admiUed,  he  sings; 
and  the  princess,  suspecting  the  fiaud, 
says  to  hiraj  **  Not  for  thee,  O  bulbnl,  any 
rose  oC  Gulistan  shall  burst  her  veil,**  i.0, 
**  O  singer,  do  not  suppose  that  any  woman 
will  be  taken  in  by  such  a  flimsy  deceit.** 
The  bulbul  loved*  the  rose,  and  Gulistan 
means  the  "  garden  of  roses."  The  prince 
was  the  bulbul,  the  college  was  Gulistan, 
and  the  princess  the  rose  sought. — ^Tenny- 
son, The  Prmces$,  iv. 

Bnlbul-He'sar,  the  talking  bird, 
which  was  joined  in  singing  by  all  the 
song-birds  m  the  nei^bourhood.  (See 
Talxiiio  BiUD,)—ArMm  27ights  ('*  The 
Two  Sisters,**  the  last  story). 

BnliBy  moOier  of  Egypins  of  Thessaly. 


E^3rpius  entertained  a  criminal  love  for 
Timandra,  the  mother  of  Neoph'ron,  and 
Neophron  was  ^ilty  of  a  similar  passion 
for  Bulis.  Jupiter  changed  Egypius  and 
Neo|^ron  into  vultures,  Bulis  into  a  duck, 
and  Timandra  into  a  sparrow-hawk. — 
Classic  Mythology. 

Bull  (John)f  the  English  nation  per- 
sonified, and  hence  any  typical  Engli^- 
man. 


fa  tlMiMlnvMMi  iMMMrt.  pWn-dMUng  fcliow; 
cbokrlc,  bold,  and  of  •  vtety  Ineonitant  temper.  Ho 
dTMded  not  old  UmttiLimts  Xtr.l  elthor  at  twdt-nrord, 
dafte  falddon.  or  cudgel-plKi' ;  Imt  then  bo  vni  very  apt 


to  ouarrel  with  bb  boot  friends.  mwdaUr  If  tboy  pn- 
tended  to  girrem  bim.  If  jron  Battered  btm,  jroo  mli^t 
lead  blm  as  a  child.    John's  teotpor  depended  nry  mocb 

Ktho  air:  bis  splrtlt  rose  and  fcU  wttk  the  weather- 
He  was  4Bkk.aMl  understood  basliiia  well;  bat 
no  nun  alive  was  more  careloao  In  looklnx  Into  bis 
■eroaptsi  nor  aMra  cheated  bjr  partners,  apprentiees.  and 
servants.  .  .  .  No  nan  knx  a  better  boose,  nor  ^eat  his 
nonojr  mote  fsnerousljr.— Chap.  0w 

(The  sut^ect  of  this  Biaiory  is  the 
'* Spanish  Succession"  in  the  reigns  of 
Louis  XIY.  and  queen  Anne.) 

Mn.  Bully  queen  Anne,  "  very  apt  to  be 
choleric.'*  Gn  hearing  that  Philip  Baboon 
(PhUippe  due  dAnjou)  was  to  succeed  to 
lord  Strutt's  estates  {Le.  the  Spanish 
throne),  she  said  to  John  Bull : 

"  Ton  sot,  foa  Mtar  aboat  alo-hoaseo  and  taverns,  spend 
yma  time  at  bilUardf^  ninepins,  or  pnppet^howt,  never 
Minding  me  nor  mf  iiunieruus  UmOj.  Don't  ron  hear 
how  lord  Btiutt  [(*«  kimf  «r  SftUm]  has  benuke  bis 
liveries  at  Lewis  Baboon'k  shop  [Framemll ...  Fie  npon 
It  I  Up,  DHui !  .  .  .  Ill  sdl  mx  shift  before  FIl  be  so 
used."— Chap.  4. 

John   Buir$  MothsTf  the   Church  of 

England. 

John  bad  a  mother,  whom  he  loved  and  honooivd  as. 
tremely;  a  discreet,  grave,  sober,  good-conditioned,  ckanljr 
old  featlewooMn  as  ever  lived.  She  was  n<Mie  of  your 
cross-grained,  termagant,  seoMing  jades  .  .  .  always 
censaring  yoor  condoct  ...  on  the  eontnar,  she  was  of 
a  meek  spirit  .  .  .  and  put  tlie  best  constn>«lkm  m-on 
the  word*  and  actions  of  her  nelghboun. .  . .  She  neither 
wore  a  raS;  forehead  doth,  nor  high-crowned  hat.  .  .  . 
She  so>raed  to  patoh  and  paint,  yet  she  loved  deaailnoss. 
.  .  .  She  was  no  less  genteel  in  her  behavkwr  ...  In  the 
due  mean  between  one  of  your  afleeted  curtsying  pieces  of 
fbrmaMty.  and  yoor  Hi-mannered  aentares  which  have  no 
refsid  to  the  common  ndes  of  dvdlty.— Pt.  U.  1. 

John  Bulfs  Sister  Peg,  the  Scotch,  in 
love  with  Jack  (Calvin). 

John  had  a  sister,  a  poor  girl  that  had  been  reared  .  . , 
on  oatmeal  and  water .  . .  and  lodged  in  a  garret  eiposed 
to  the  north  wind.  .  .  .  However,  this  usage  .  .  .  gave 
her  a  hardy  constitotlon.  .  .  .  Peg  bad,  Indeed,  some  udd 
bmnovrs  and  comical  antipathica,  ...  she  wouM  foint  at 
the  Kmnd  of  an  organ,  and  yet  dancL  and  frisk  at  the 
noise  of  a  bagpipe.— Dr.  Arbuihuot.  nutorg  <^  Jo/m 
BmU,  U.  a  071^. 

Bulls,  ludicrous  blunders. 

Merry  tales,  witty  Jests,  and  rkUcoloas  baSi^—BanqmtS 
^  Ututt  (1«88). 

Thatsodi  a  poem  tfiouM  be  toothless  and  aflm  to  ha 
a  ball.— Milton.  AgMionfor  anuetgmmuM  UM2). 

Bull-dog,  rough  iron. 


Aman  was 
his  spade 


itting  some  buTi-dog  Into  the  tolli,  whaa 
t  between  tha  rols.— IHwms. 


BULL-DOGS. 


143 


BUNDALINDA. 


Bull-dogs,  the  two  Benrants  of  a 
univereity  proctor,  who  follow  him  in  his 
rounds  to  assist  him  in  apprehending 
students  who  are  violating  the  university 
statutes,  such  as  appearing  in  the  streets 
after  dinner  without  cap  and  gown,  etc. 

Bullamy,  porter  of  the  "Anglo- 
Bengalee  Disinterested  Loan  and  Life 
Insurance  Company/*  An  imposing 
personage,  whose  dignity  resided  chiefly 
m  the  great  expanse  of  his  red  waistcoat. 
Kespectability  and  well-to-doedness  were 
expressed  in  that  garment.— C.  Dickens, 
Jdartin  Chuzzietoit  (1844). 

BullCflOf  (Peter),  of  the  Green,  who 
was  pricked  for  a  recruit  in  the  army  of 
sir  John  Falstaff.  He  promised  Bardolph 
•*four  Harry  ten-shillings  in  French 
crowns"  if  he  would  stand  his  friend, 
uid  when  sir  John  was  informed  thereof 
he  said  to  Bnllcalf ,  "  1  will  none  of  you.** 
Justice  Shallow  remonstrated,  but  Falsta^ 
exclaimed,  "Will  you  tell  me,  Master 
8halloiK ,  how  to  choose  a  man  ?  Care  I 
for  the  limb,  the  thews,  the  stature?  .  .  . 
Give  me  the  spirit,  Master  Shallow.** — 
Shakespeare,  2  Bcnry  IV;  act  iii.  sc.  2 
(1508). 

Bullet-head  (The  Great),  (reorge 
Codondal,  leader  of  the  Chouans  (17G9- 
1804). 

Bull'se^g  (Mr,),  laird  of  Killan- 
cnreit,  a  fnend  of  the  baron  of  Bradwar- 
dine. —  Sir  W.  Scott,  Wavertey  (time, 
George  II.). 

Buhner  (Valentine),  titular  earl  of 
Etherington,  married  to  Clara  Mowbray. 

Mrs,  Ann  Butntcr,  mother  of  Valen- 
tine, married  to  the  earl  of  Etherington 
during  the  life-time  of  his  cotmtess ; 
hence  his  wife  in  bigamy. — Sir  W.  Scott^ 
St,  Ronan's  Well  (time,  George  III.). 

Bum'ble,  beadle  of  the  workhouse 
where  Oliver  Twist  was  bom  and  brought 
ap.  A  stout,  consequential,  hard- 
hearted, fuss^  official,  with  mighty  ideas 
of  his  own  importance.  This  character 
has  given  to  the  language  the  word 
bttmbiedom,  the  ofRcious  arrogance  and 
bumptious  conceit  of  a  pmrish  authority 
or  pett^  dignitary.  After  marriage,  the 
high  and  mighty  beadle  was  sadly  hen- 
pecked and  reduced  to  a  Jerry  Sneak. — 
C.  Dickens,  Oliver  Twist  (183/). 

Biunbledom,  parish-dom,  the  pride 
of  oarish  dignity,  the  arrogance  of  parish 
aoUiority,    the    mif^htiiiess    of     parish 


officers.    From  Bumble,  the  beadle,   in 
Dickens*s  Oliver  Twist  (1837). 

Bum'kinet.  a  shepherd.  He  pro- 
poses to  Grub  binol  that  they  should 
repair  to  a  certain  hut  and  sing  "  Gillian 
of  Crovdon,**  "Patient  Grissd,**  "Cast 
awav  (^are,** "  Over  the  Hills,**  and  so  on ; 
but  being  told  that  Blouzelinda  was  dead, 
he  sings  a  dirge,  and  Grubbinol  joins 
him. 

Thus  mltod  tfa«  lonta  In  mwhiwrhohr  •tiaiii. 
Till  honny  8«imui  >ped  ncrcMf  the  ptaln  ; 
Tber  aeiaMi  Uie  Ijm  In  tipron  claui  nmijred. 
And  to  the  nlc-house  romrd  th«  wilUng  maid  | 
In  ale  and  IcUmh  they  foraot  their  cares. 
And  8uMn  MouioUnda's  low  repairs. 

Gay,  Ptuttrat,  r.  (1714). 

(An  imitation  of  Yiigil*s  £ci,  v« 
"  Daphnis.") 

Bumper  (Sir  Hetrry),  a  convivial 
friend  of  Charles  Surface.  He  sings  the 
popular  song,  Ix^inning-^ 

Here*!  to  the  mniden  of  bashful  flfteaa. 
Here's  to  the  vidow  o(  flfty.  etc 

Sheridan.  Sduxil/vr  Soamiat  (1777). 

Bunoe  (JaeA),  eUias  Frederick  Alta- 
mont,  a  ci-^levant  actor,  one  of  the  crew 
of  the  pirate  vessel.—Sir  W.  Scott,  T/ie 
Pirate  (time,  William  III.). 

Bunoh  (Mother),  an  alewife,  men- 
tioned by  Dekker  in  his  drama  called 
Satiromaetix  (1602).  In  1604  was  pub- 
lished PasquiTe  Jests,  mixed  %nth  Mother 
Bunch's  Merriments, 

There  are  a  series  of  "Fairv  Talea** 
called  Mother  Bunch's  Fairy  Tales, 

Bunch  (Mother),  the  supposed  pos- 
sessor of  a  "cabinet  broken  open**  and 
revealing  "  rare  secrets  of  Art  and 
Nature,'*^ such  as  love-spells  (1760). 

Bun'cle,  messenger  to  the  earl  of 
Douglas.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Fair  Maid  of 
Perth  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

Bun'cle  (John),  "a prodigious  hand  at 
matrimony,  divinity,  a  song,  and  a 
peck."  He  married  seven  wives,  and 
lost  all  in  the  flower  of  Uieir  age.  For 
two  or  three  days  after  the  death  of  a 
wife  he  was  inconsolable,  but  soon  became 
resigned  to  his  loss,  which  he  repaired  by 
marrying  again. — Thos.Amory,  7^  Z/i/tf, 
etc,,  of  John  Buncie,  Esq. 

Bundalinda,  the  bean-ideal  of  ob- 
scurity. 

Tnuisformed  flnom  a  princess  to  a  peasant,  fttm  beauty 
to  ugliness,  flroai  polish  to  roatldty.  from  light  to  dark- 
ness, from  an  ansel  of  Ugbt  to  aa  imp  of  hail,  fhim 
fmgrance  to  ill-nvoor.  from  fJeiance  to  nideueas  frooa 
Aurora  in  foil  brilliaacy  to  Bnndalindn  in  dew  obeovUy. 
— Osnaates.  Dw  Qnteeie,  IL  U.  U  aSUX 


BUNDLE. 


141 


BURLEIGH. 


Bandle,  the  gardener,  father  of 
Wiklmi'iM,  And  fri«id  of  Tom  Tng  the 
vatemiftn.  He  is  a  plain,  honef<t  man, 
bed  peatly  in  aire  of  his  wife,  who  nags 
at  him  from  morning  till  night. 

Mrt,  BtPkUcj  a  vulgar  Mrs.  Malaprop, 
and  a  termagant.  **  Eveo*thing  maJBt  be 
ber  waj  or  there's  no  getting  anj  peace." 
She  greatlj  frequented  the  minor  the- 
atres, and  acquired  notions  of  sentimental 
nHuance.  She  told  Wilelmina,  if  ^le 
refused  to  marry  Robin : 

'niMrfnfewltnMifriMaaayihanla  tb«  Mood  of  or 

,  tha  GrarMH,  and  70a  mar  crwp  throng  life  vHh 

ptttfal.  mtma,  paltrr.  low.  Ulbnd  notloaa 

have  ndwrad  from  Ipomr  fatkn^t]  funlly,  tte 

'-C  OCbdlB.  Th«  Wmttimm  (IH-H. 

Bnn'gay  (AWar),  one  of  the  friars  in 
a  conedr  by  Robert  Green,  entitled  FHar 
Bacm  and  Friar  Bunfjat/,  Both  the 
friars  are  coajorors,  and  the  piece  con- 
chides  with  one  of  their  pnpils  bring 
carried  oif  to  the  infernal  r^ons  on  the 
back  of  one  of  friar  Bacon's  demons 
(1»1). 

Bungen  [Bunrj-n]^  the  street  in 
Hamelin  down  which  the  pied  pip^ 
Banting  led  the  rats  into  the  nver  Weser 
and  the  children  into  a  cave  in  the  moun- 
tab  Koppenberg.  No  music  of  any  kind 
it  pennitted  to  be  played  in  this  street. 

Bunffey  (Friar\  personification  of 
tbe  ehanatan  of  science  in  the  fifteenth 
centuiy, 

*g*  In  The  Last  of  the  Barons^  by  lord 
L}rttoo,  friar  Bangey  is  an  historical 
cbmcter,  aAl  is  said  to  have  "raised 
mi^  SDd  vapoors,*'  which  befriended 
Edward  IV.  at  the  battle  of  Bamet. 

Bons'by  {Captam  John  or  JocA), 
evoer  of  the  Cautious  Clara,  Captain 
Omle  considered  him  **a  philosopher, 
and  quite  an  oracle."  Captain  Bunsby 
bid  one  '*  stationary  and  one  revolving 
«ye,"  a  very  red  face,  and  was  extremely 
taeihiTn.  The  captain  was  entrapped  by 
Mn.  McStinger  (Uie  termagant  landlady 
of  his  feiend  captain  Cuttle)  into  marrv- 
iv  her.— C  Dickens,  Dombey  and  &m 
(1*46). 

Bunting,  the  pied  piper  of  Ham'elin. 
He  vas  eo  called  rrom  nis  dress. 

To  blov  tkc  pipe  Ui  Hps  b«  wrinkM. 

Aaa  pmn  ami  bhw  M*  ibarp  tjm  tvtekkd 

Aad  era  threa  BoC*>  bk  pipe  had  utlared  .  .  . 
Om  of  fte  boom  nU  came  tambUng— 

rata,  leaa  rata,  brawny  lati. 


tutu,  blark  nta,  mr  nta.  tawiv  rats,  .  .  . 
Aad  Step  b^  at«p  thtj  fiJlawed  bim  daadng. 


mtfc^c 


I  to  tiba  rtvar  Wt 


Bur  (John),  the  servant  of  Job  Thorn- 


berry,  the  brazier  of  Penzance.  Bmsqot 
in  his  manners,  but  most  devoteoly 
attached  to  his  master,  by  whom  he  was 
taken  from  the  workhouse.  John  Bur 
kept  his  master's  "  books "  for  twenty- 
two  years  with  the  utmost  fidelity.— 4jr. 
Colman,  jnn.,  John  Bull  (1806). 

BurHbon  (».*.  Henri  IW  of  FVance), 
He  is  betrothed  to  Forddis  (France), 
who  has  been  enticed  from  him  dv  Gran- 
torto  (reheiiion).  Being  assailed  on  all 
sides  by  a  rabble  rout,  tordelis  is  carried 
off  by  **hellrake  hounds.**  The  rabble 
batter  Burbon's  shield  (protestantism^, 
and  compel  him  to  throw  it  away.  Sir 
Ar'tegal  (ritjht  or  justice)  rescues  the 
"recreant  knight**  from  Uie  mob,  but 
blames  him  for  his  nnknightly  foll^  in 
throwing  away  his  shield  (of  &*th). 
Tains  (the  executive)  beats  off  the  hell- 
housda,  gets  possession  of  the  lady,  and 
though  she  flouts  Burbon,  he  catches  her 
up  upon  his  steed  and  rides  off  with  her. 
—Spenser,  Fairy  Queen,  v.  2  (1596). 

Burchell  (Mr.),  alias  sir  WillUm 
Thomhill,  abont  30  years  of  age. 
When  Dr.  Primrose,  the  vicar  of  "Wake- 
field, loses  £1400,  Mr.  Burchell  presents 
himself  as  a  broken-do¥m  gentleman, 
and  the  doctor  offers  him  his  ourse. 
He  turned  his  back  on  the  two  flash  ladies 
who  talked  of  their  high-life  doings,  and 
cried  "  Fudge !  "  after  all  their  boastings 
and  remarks.  Mr.  Burchell  twice  rescued 
Soi^iia  Primrose,  and  ultimately  married 
her.  —  Goldsmith,  Fiear  of  Wakefield 
(1766). 

Burg^undv  (Charles  the  Bold,  duke 
of),  introduced  by  sir  W.  Scott  in  Quentin 
Duncard  and  in  Anne  of  Qeierstein.  The 
latter  novel  contains  the  duke's  defeat  at 
Nancy',  and  his  death  (time,  Edward  IT.). 

Bu'ridan's  Ass.  A  man  of  inde- 
cision is  so  called  from  the  hypothetical 
ass  of  Buridan,  the  Greek  sophist.  Bu- 
ridan  maintained  that  **if  an  ass  could 
be  placed  between  two  hay -stacks  in  snch 
a  way  that  its  choice  was  erenlv  balanced 
between  them,  it  would  starve  to  death, 
for  there  would  be  no  motive  why  be 
should  choose  the  one  and  reject  the 
other.** 

Bxirleigh  (WUliam  Cecil,  lord),  lord 
treasurer  to  queen  Elizabeth  (1620-1598), 
introduced  by  sir  W.  Scott  in  his  his- 
torical novel  called  Kenilworth  (time, 
Elizabetli). 

He  is  '  no  of  the  principal  characten 


BURLEIGH. 


144 


BUSQUEUE. 


in  The  Earl  of  Etaex,  a  tiagedy  by  Henry 
JoDes  (1746). 

Bwrlewh  (Lord)  J  a  parliamentary  leader, 
in  The  Legend  ojMoiUroae,  a  novel  by  sir 
W.  Scott  (time.  Charles  I.). 

A  lord  Burleigh  shake  of  the  head,  a 
great  deal  meant  by  a  look  or  movement, 
uioii^h  little  or  nothing  is  said.  Puff? 
in  his  tragedy  of  the  "  Spanish  Armada,** 
introduces  lord  Burleigh,  '*who  has  the 
affairs  of  the  whole  nation  in  his  head, 
and  has  no  time  to  talk ;  *'  but  his  lord- 
ship comes  on  the  stage  and  shakes  his 
head,  by  which  he  means  far  more  than 
words  could  utter.    Puff  says : 

Wby,  bv  tiiat  ihaln  of  tb*  h«Md  h«  mw  jroa  to 
anienUad  tfutt  even  tiiovKb  they  hMd  more  Jnstloe  In 
UMtr  ouin  Mtd  wlidoni  In  ttieir  meaiurea.  yet.  If  diers 
wai  not  •  greater  ■pirit  ■hown  oo  ttie  piut  4^  the  people, 
the  oountiy  wouM  at  last  fkR  a  aacrifloe  to  Ibe  hostile 
ambition  of  the  Spaniah  monarchy. 
tt*»«er.  Did  Im  mean  aU  that  by  •haklng  hb  Iwadt 
Pt^f.  Kricy  word  of  It.— Sheridan,  Tk9  CriUe,  0.  1 
n779). 

The  origlnii  *<  Vwd  Barieigh"wM  Iriafa  Moo4r  [17»- 
19131— VntUa  Mmgcuimt  (1817). 

Burlesque  Poetry  {Father  of), 
Hippo'nax  of   Ephesus    (sixth   century 


n.c). 

Burlong,  a  giant,  whose  legs  sir 
Try'amour  cut  off. — Eomanoe  of  Sir  Try* 
cmow. 

Bum  Daylight  (We),  we  waste 
time  (in  talk  instead  of  action). — Shake- 
speare, Merry  Wives  of  Windsor^  act  ii. 
sc  1  (1601). 

BumbiU,  Henry  de  Londres,  arch- 
bishop of  Dublin  and  lord  justice  of 
Ireland,  in  the  reign  of  Henry  III.  It 
is  said  that  he  fraudulently  (ntrnt  all  the 
"  bills  **  or  instruments  oy  which  the 
tenants  of  the  archbishopric  held  their 
estates. 

Burning  Crown.  Re^pcides  were 
at  one  time  punished  by  having  a  crown 
of  red-hot  iron  placed  on  their  head. 

He  was  adjudged 
To  have  hb  head  aeared  with  a  burning  erowa. 
Author  unknown.  Trmf0dif  vf  Bvjfman  (1611). 

Bums  of  France  {The),  Jasmin, 
a  barber  of  Gascony.  Louis  Philippe 
presented  to  him  a  gold  watch  and  chi^ 
and  the  duke  of  Orleans  an  emerald  ring. 

Bur'ris,  an  honest  lord,  favourite  of 
the  great-duke  of  Moscovia. — Beaumont 
and  Fletcher,  The  Loyal  Subject  (1618). 

Busby  (A),  a  low  conical  bearskin 
hat  worn  by  certain  British  volunteers. 

Busby  Wig  (^),  a  punning  syno- 
njrm  of  a  **  buzzwig,"  the  joke  being  a 


reference  to  Dr.  Busby  of  Westminster 
School,  who  never  woi«  a  wig,  but  only 
a  skull-cap. 

Business  To-morrow  is  what 
Archias,  one  of  <^e  Spartan  polemarchs 
in  Athens,  said,  when  a  letter  was  handed 
to  him  respecting  the  insurrection  of 
Pelopidas.  He  was  at  a  banquet  at  the 
time,  and  thrust  the  letter  under  his 
enshion;  but  Pelopidas,  with  his  400 
insurgents,  rushed  into  the  room  during 
the  feast,  and  slew  botii  Archias  and  the 
rest  of  the  Spartan  officers. 

Bu'sirane  (3  syl.)^  an  enchanter  who  ^ 
bound  Am'oret  by  the  waist  to  a  braxen 
pillar,  and,  piercing  her  witii  a  dart, 
wrote  magic  characters  with  the  dropping 
blood,  **iul  for  to  make  her  love  mm.^ 
When  Brit'omart  approached,  tiie  ^i- 
chanter  started  up,  and,  running  to 
Amoret,  was  about  to  plun^  a  anife 
into  her  heart ;  but  Britomart  mtercepted 
the  blow,  overpowered  the  enchanter^ 
compelled  him  to  "  reverse  his  charms,^ 
and  then  bound  him  fast  with  his  own 
chain,— Spenser,  Fai^y  Qveen,  iii.  11, 
12  (1690). 

Busi'ris,  king  of  Egypt,  was  told  by 
a  foreigner  uiat  the  long  drought  of  nina 
ye&rs  would  cease  when  the  gods  of  tha 
country  were  mollified  by  human  sacri- 
fice. "So  be  it,"  said  the  king,  and 
ordered  the  man  himself  to  be  offered 
as  the  victim. — llerod.  ii.  59-61. 

Tb  odd  that  BsTPt  far  nine  jpeart  WMdrj ; 

Nor  Nile  did  loQdi  nor  heaven  did  rain  mipifkf. 

A  foreigner  at  length  infonned  the  Ung 

Tliat  dangbtered  guests  woold  klndljr  luobtnre  brio^ 

The  kii«  refdled.  "  On  thee  the  lot  riiaU  bU ; 

Be  thou,  ujr  gnett,  the  ncrifloe  for  alL' 

BusCriSy  supposed  by  Milton  to  be  tha 
Pharaoh  drowned  in  the  Red  Sea. 

Hath  fcxed  the  Red  Sea  eoatt.  whose  waw  o'erthiww 
Bnilrb  and  hb  Memphlan  cfafTaliy. 

JUUmi.  AHia«fbe  £o«.  L  SOS  QSM). 

Bus'ne  (2  syl,).  So  the  gipsies  call 
all  who  do  not  belong  to  their  race. 

Tbe  fold  of  the  Baan< ;  ghe  me  her  goUL 
LongfaUow,  ThtSpmnitk 


Busqueue  (Lord),  plaintiff  in  the 
great  rantagruelian  lawsuit  known  as 
"  lord  Busqueue  o.  lord  Suckfist,"  in 
which  the  parties  concerned  pleaded  for 
themselves.  Lord  Busoueue  stated  his 
grievance  and  spoke  so  learnedly  and  at 
such  length  that  no  one  understood  one 
word  about  the  matter ;  then  lord  Suck  fist 
replied,  and  the  bench  declared  '*  We 
have  not  understood  one  iota  of  the 
defence."    Pantag'ruel,    however,    gave 


BUST  BODY. 


146 


BYRON  AND  MART. 


jadgment,  and  as  both  pUintiiF  and 
defendant  eonaidered  he  had  got  Ihe 
▼eidict,  both  were  folly  satisfied,  "a 
thing  without  parallel  in  all  the  annals  of 
the   court."  — Rabelais,    Pantagruely  iL 

\UfOOf» 

^  Busy  Body  (2V),  acomedy  by  Mn. 
Centhvie  (17C0).  Sir  Francis  Gripe 
(goardiatt  of  Miranda  an  heiress,  and 
father  of  C3uuie8),  a  man  66  years  old, 
vishes  to  marxv  his  ward  for  the  sake 
of  her  BMMMy,  but  Mirandn  lores  and  is 
beloved  by  air  George  Airy,  a  man  of 
U.  She  pretends  to  love  '^Gardy,**  and 
dmes  him  into  yielding  np  her  money 
and  giving  his  consent  to  ner  marriage 
with  "  die  man  of  her  choice,**  belier- 
B^  lums^  to  be  the  person.  Charles 
u  m  lore  with  Isabinda,  dan^ter  of  sir 
Jttlons  TrmAck,  who  has  made  np  his 
mind  tfiat  she  shall  marry  a  Spaniard 
■amed  don  Diego  Babinetto,  expected  to 
sfiive  forthwitL  Charles  dresses  in  a 
Spanish  costome,  passes  himself  off  as 
the  expected  don,  and  is  married  to  the 
lady  of  his  choice ;  so  both  the  old  men 
aie  doped,  and  all  the  ymmg  people  wed 
aeeoidug  to  their  wishes. 

But  are  "Ye  sure  the  News  is 
True  f  This  exquisite  lyric  u  generally 
ascribed  to  WiUiAm  Mickle,  bat  Sarah 
Tjrier,  ia  Ovod  Woods,  March,  1869, 
ascribes  it  to  Jean  Adam  of  Crawford's 
Dyke.  She  says,  "CoUn  and  Jean"  are 
Oolia  and  Jean  Oampbell  of  Crawford's 
Djke — the  Jean  being  the  poeteM  and 
▼riter  of  the  poem. 

Botehfir  {The),  Achmet  pasha,  who 
■^ck  off  the  heads  of  seven  of  his  wives 
«t  once.  He  defended  Acre  against  Napo- 
leon I. 

John  ninth  lord  Clifford,  called  "The 
BlaA  OifTord  "  (died  1461). 

OBrer  de  Clisson,  constable  of  France 
(1320-1407). 

ArtcAsr  {Tht  Bkody),  tibe  doke  of 
Onnberfauid,seoond  son  of  George  II. ;  so 
caUfld  for  his  great  barbarities  in  sop- 
pressing  the  rebellion  of  Charles  £dwaid, 
the  yoong  pretender  (1726-1765). 

Butcher  of  England,  John  Tiptoft, 
•arl  of  Worcester,  a  man  of  great  learning 
and  a  patron  of  learning  (died  1470). 

.teMcoee^^laUMntenor  Ahrarl  IT.  Iw  onfarad 

1 1*  ■qpM*  t»  kMd  Wvwlck)  and  nioelMii  atken, 

^i^^^-J^Jt/*"***^"®**^'  ••'•r*«wt»  Chin. 

T««M  hvtanwvwiWasB^  CteCCUtMMlnnieil  OHM 
I  pvteoen  at  SootlMunptoa.  pot 


Butlep  {The  Bev,  Mr,),  military 
^•plam  at  Madras.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
SmrgeotCs  Daughter  (time,  George  II.). 

^  Butier  {Seuben),  a  presbyterian  min- 
ister, married  to  Jeanie  Deans. 

Benjamin  BuHer,  fkthcr  of  Renben. 

Stephen  Butter,  generally  called  **  Bible 
Botlcr,"  mndfather  of  Reuben  and 
father  of  Benjamin. 

Widow  Judith  Butler,  Reuben's  grand- 
mother and  Stephen's  wife. 

Euvhemia  or  Femie  Butler,  Reuben's 
daughter. 

David  and  Be*fben  Butler,  Reuben's  sons. 
—Sir  W.  Scott,  Meart  of  Midlothian 
(tome,  George  II.). 

Buttercup  (/oAn),  a  milkman.— W. 
Brough,  A  Phenomenon  in  a  Smock  Frock, 

Buzo'ina^  a  shepherdess  with  whom 
Cuddy  was  in  lore. 

ibr  brown  Bmumm  U  tbe  tmimi  maid 

TIM*  ear  «  wait*  deligbtwme  giunboi  pimd  .  .  . 

And  neillMr  lamb,  nor  kid.  nor  calf.  morTnr, 

iMnoaKkeBiuoiDaonUMflntofM^y. 

Oajr,  Fattorai,  L  (1714). 

Buz'ftuB  {Serjixint),  the  pleader  re- 
tained hj  Dodson  and  Fogg  for  the 
plaintiff  m  the  celebrated  case  of  **  Bar- 
dell  ©.  Pickwick."  Serjeant  Buzfoz  is  a 
driving,  chaffing,  masculine  bar  orator, 
who  proved  that  Mr.  Pickwick's  note 
about  "  chops  and  tomato  sauce  "  was  a 
declaration  of  love ;  and  that  his  reminder 
"  not  to  forget  the  warming-pan "  was 
only  a  flimsy  cover  to  express  the  ardour 
of  his  affection.  Of  course  the  defendant 
was  found  guilty  by  the  enlightened  jury. 
(His  iunior  was  Skimpin.)— a  Dickens. 
The  Pickwick  Papers  (1836). 

^Bua'MUPd  {The),  in  TheHmdandthe 
/^«^,  by  Dryden  (pt.  iii.),  is  meant 
for  Dr.  Gilbert  Burnet,  whose  figure  was 
lusty  (1648-1716).  ^ 

Byoom,  a  fat  cow,  so  fat  that  its  sides 
were  nigh  to  bursting,  but  this  is  no 
wonder,  for  its  food  was  "good  uid 
enduring  husbands,"  of  which  there  is 
good  store,    (See  Chichi-Vache.) 

Byron  {The  Polish),  Adam  Mickie- 
wicz  (1798-1865). 

Bifron  {The  ^t»9uin),  Alexander  Ser- 
geivitch  Puschkin  (1799-1837). 

Byron  {Miss  Harriet),  a  beautiful  and 
accomplished  woman  of  high  rank,  de- 
votedly attached  to  sir  Caiarles  Grandison, 
whom  ultimately  she  marries.— Richard' 
sou,  ^  Charles  Grandison  (1768). 

Byron  and  Mary.   The^Maiy'^of 


BYRON  AND  TERESA  GmCCIOLI.    146 


CADWALLON. 


ByroD*8  song  is  Miss  Chaworth.  Both 
Miss  CbAworth  and  lord  Bvron  were 
wards  of  Mr.  \Vhite.  Miss  Chaworth 
married  John  Musters,  and  lord  Byron 
marriod  Miss  Milbanke  of  Durham; 
both  equally  unhappy. 

I  hare  a  paoioii  for  the  name  of  "  Maij,' 
For  ouce  It  waa  a  magic  nante  torn*. 

hfroa,  Dvn  Juan,  r.  4  (ISM^ 

Byron  and  Teresa   O-uiccioli. 

Thi.<»  lady  was  the  wife  of  count  Gniccioli, 
an  old  man,  but  very  rich.  Moore  says 
that  Bvron  **  never  loved  but  once,  till  he 
loved  I'eresa." 

Byron  and  the  Edinburgh  Be- 
view.  It  was  Jeffrey  and  not  Brougham 
who  wrote  the  article  which  provok^  the 
poet*B  reply. 


O. 


G  (in  Notes  and  Queries)  ^  the  Right 
Hon.  John  Wilson  Croker. 

CaaHba  (Ai)^  the  shrine  of  Mecca, 
said  by  the  Arabs  to  be  built  by  Abra- 
ham on  the  exact  spot  of  the  tabernacle 
let  down  from  heaven  at  the  prayer  of 
repentant  Adam.  Adam  had  been  a 
wanderer  for  200  years,  and  here  received 
pardon. 

The  black  stones  according  to  one  tra- 
dition, was  once  white,  but  was  turned 
black  by  the  kisses  of  sinners.  It  is  *'a 
petrified  angel." 

Accordinf^  to  another  tradition,  this 
stone  was  given  to  Ishmael  by  the  angel 
Gabriel,  and  Abraham  assisted  his  son  to 
insert  it  in  the  wall  of  the  shrine. 

Cabal,  an  ana^m  of  a  miDistry 
formed  by  Charles  II.  in  1G70,  and  con- 
sisting of  Criifford],  A[shley],  Bfuck- 
ingham],  A[rlington],  Ij[aQderdaleJ. 

Cacafo'go,  a  rich,  drunken  usurer, 
stumpy  ana  fat,  choleric,  a  coward,  and 
a  huUy,  He  fancies  money  will  buy 
evcri'tbing  and  everj*  one. — Beaumont 
and  Fletcher,  Buie  a  Wife  and  Have  a 
Wife  (1640). 

Caour'gus,  the  fool  or  domestic 
jester  of  Misog'onus.  Cacnrgus  is  a 
rustic  simpleton  and  cunning  mischief- 
maker. — Thomas  Rychardes,  Misogonus 
(the  third  English  comedy,  1560). 

Ca'cuB,  a  giant  who  lived  in  a  cave 


on  mount  Av'entine  (3  sifi.).  When 
Hercules  came  to  Italy  with  the  oxen 
which  he  had  taken  from  Ger'yon  of 
Spain,  Cacus  stole  part  of  the  herd,  but 
dragged  the  animals  by  their  tails  into 
his  cave,  that  it  might  be  bupposed  they 
had  come  out  of  it. 

• 

If  be  faUs  Into  dips.  It  li  equallrdcar  thojr  ware  iatto. 
duoed  bjr  him  on  purpote  to  conftiro,  like  Ckwna.  tb* 
tracM  at  his  retreat —Ateye.  Brit.  Art  "  Komanoa." 

Cad,  a  low-bom,  vulgar  fellow.  A 
cadie  in  Scotland  was  a  carrier  of  a 
sedan-chair. 

All  Edinbwisb  BMD  >nd  bora  kno*  tiiat  when  eadaiH 
dtalrs  vera  dlfcontlnued,  the  old  cadiea  rank  into 
riinoos  poverty,  and  became  qmonyinous  with  roa^u. 
The  word  waa  lirought  to  London  bjr  Jamea  Hanoay.  who 
frequent!/  need  It— M.  Prlngle. 

*«*  M.  Pringle  assures  us  that  tha 
word  came  from  Turkey. 

Cade'nus  (3  svL),  dean  Swift.  The 
word  is  simply  ae-cd-nus  ("a  dean"), 
with  the  first  two  syllables  transposed 
(oa-di-nt»).  **  Vanessa  "  is  Miss  Esther 
Yanhoinrigh,  a  young  lady  who  fell  in 
love  with  Swift,  and  proposed  marriage. 
The  dean's  reply  is  given  in  the  poem 
entitled  Cadenus  and  Vanessa  [I'.tf.  Van- 
Esther]. 

CaduoeiiB,  the  wand  of   Mercury. 

The  **  post  of  MercuiT  "  means  the  office 

of  a  pimp,  and  to  *'  bear  the  caduceus  " 

means   to    exercise   the  functions  of  a 

pimp. 

I  did  not  think  tiie  poet  of  Mercar7*ln<hlcr  gnlte  m 
honourable  aa  it  waa  caOed  .  .  .  and  I  ret3hred  to  aban* 
don  the  Oiduoeui  for  erer.— Leeaga,  Oil  Btat,  xlL  S»  4 
(17W). 

Cadur'ci,  the  people  of  Aquita'nia. 

Cad'wal.  Arvir'agus,  son  of  Cym'- 
beline,  was  so  called  whUe  he  lived  in 
the  woods  with  Bela'rius,  who  called 
himself  Moi^an,  and  whom  Cadwal  sup- 
posed to  be  his  father. — Shakespeare, 
Cymbeline  (1605). 

Cad-WBllader,  called  by  Bede  (I 
syL)  Elidwalda,  son  of  Cad  walla  kin|^ 
of  Wales.  Being  compelled  by  pesti- 
lence and  famine  to  leave  Britain,  he 
went  to  Armorica.  After  the  plague 
ceased  he  went  to  Rome,  where,  in  689, 
he  was  baptized,  and  received  the  name 
of  Peter,  but  died  very  soon  afterwards. 

Gadwallader  that  dravo  [«a(/ed]  to  the  Armorie  rfMie. 
Drajrtoo.  PtiyolUvn,  Iz.  (KOI). 

Cadwalladery  the  misanthrope  in  Smol« 
lett's  Peregrine  Pickle  (1761). 

Cadwall'on,  son  of  the  blindad 
Cyne'tha.  Both  father  and  son  accom- 
panied prince  Madoc  to  North  America 


GADWALLON. 


Wt 


CiESAR, 


raad  th«  VDodik  aad 


■  fiM  twetftii  c«ntary. — Soathey,  Madoo 
(WW). 

CadaaPUmy  the  faroarite  bard  of 
inince  Gwenwyn.  He  entered  the  ser- 
Tue  of  tir  Hugo  de  Lacy,  diaguiied^  under 
the  ftMumed  name  of  Renault  Vidai. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Betrothed  (time, 
Ueoiy  U.)- 

OeB'oiaSy  the  north-west  wind.  Ar- 
settle  is  the  north-east,  and  Bo'reas  the 
nil  north. 

ArsMtnlood 

£«•(.  X.  to,  ale  (IMS). 

Caalasti'na,  the  bride  of  sir  Walter 
TcrilL  The  tibox  commanded  sir  Walter 
to  bring  his  bride  to  court  on  the  night 
of  her  marriage.  Her  fadier,  to  save 
ber  honour,  gave  her  a  mixture  supposed 
to  be  poison,  but  in  reality  it  was  only  a 
sleeping  draught.  In  due  time  the  bnde 
recovered,  to  the  amusement  of  the  king 
sad  delight  of  her  husband. — ^Th.  Dekker, 
Satiro-mastix  (1602). 

Cad^exui  [Sr.ftttctf]  was  bom  of  the 
fenale  sex,  and  was  originally  called 
Gcnis,  Yain  of  her  beauty,  she  rejected 
sQ  lovos,  but  was  one  day  surprised  by 
Neptune,  who  offered  her  violence, 
changed  her  sex,  converted  her  name  to 
Ceneus,  and  gave  her  (or  rather  khn)  the 
gift  of  being  invulnerable.  In  the  wars 
t€  yie  Ij^/iuuB,  Ceneus  oflfended  Jupiter, 
sad  was  overwhebned  under  a  pile  of 
wsod,  bat  eaaiw  forth  converted  into  a 
j^Skm  bird,  ^neas  found  Ceneus  in  tiie 
mfemal  regions  restored  to  the  feminine 
sex.  The  order  is  inverted  by  sir  John 
Davies: 


■tfintai 
th«a  a  man  apda. 

OreAcMro.  de.  (1619). 

said  to  be  a  Punic  word 
ncaaing  "an  elephant,**  '*Qubd  avns 
ejus  in  Africa  manu  propria  occfdit 
etephutem**  (Plin.  HiMt,  viii.  7).  There 
sre  old  coins  stamped  on  the  one  side 
with  DIYUS  JUUUS,  the  reverse  hav- 
ing S.P.Q.R.  with  an  elephant,  in  allu- 
sion to  the  African  originsi. 

actttt.  BolfotM  afliM,  firo 
;  qood.  Pmlca  Ibiniw 
ataman  et  pnfcfctiiim 

.  In  TramiptUl,  X. 


I  faffvi*,ha  could  dic- 


f«l€|ni*>i 


Conor  {Can*  Julius), 


r*a  raad.  tat 


at  Iha 


wilttnc  hb 


after; 
BattJai  900  ha  foi«ht  and  a  (ImxmumI  dtlaa  ha 


la  a  KMla  Iberlaii  rf11a«a 
Md  1  Uriak  IM  «M  richt  viMii 


Bat  wiw  Anally  ■tal>bad  hf  bta  fHend  the  anitor  Bnitm 
hautftlkm.  OnvtaMp  V  MUu  lUamdUk,  IL 

(Longfellow  refers  to  Pliny,  vii.  25, 
where  he  sa3rs  that  Ciesar  **  comd  employ, 
at  one  and  the  same  time,  his  ears  to 
listen,  his  eyes  to  read,  his  hand  to  write, 
and  his  tongue  to  dictate.**  He  Is  said 
to  have  conquered  300  nations ;  to  have 
taken  800  cities,  to  have  slain  in  battle  a 
million  men,  and  to  have  defeated  three 
millions.    See  below,  CcMort  Wars,) 

CtKsar  and  his  Fortune.    Plutarch  says 

tiiat  Ciesar  told  the  captain  of  the  vessel 

in  which  he  sailed  that  no  harm  could 

come  to  his  ship,  for  that  he  had  **  Cffsar 

and  his  fortune  with  him.** 

Now  aa  I  Uke  Oiat  proad  iBHMaff  iUpw 
Which  Cmmr  and  Us  fortoaa  ban  at  oooa. 

1  M^nrg  r/.  act  L  M.  S  (UV). 


Ccesar  saves  his  Commentaries,  Once, 
when  Julius  Oesar  was  in  danger  of 
being  upset  into  the  sea  by  the  overload- 
ing of  a  boat,  he  swam  to  the  nearest 
ship,  with  his  book  of  Commentaries  in 
his  hand. — Suetonius. 

Obsot's  Wars,  The  carnage  occa- 
sioned by  the  wars  of  Ciesar  is  usually 
estimated  at  a  million  fighting  men.  He 
won  320  triumphs,  and  fought  600  bat- 
tles.   See  above,  Cjssar  {Cains  Juiius), 

What  mmom  died  that  Cnar  nlSht  ba  craati 
OampbeB.  Tka  PUmmrm  nf  Fo^.  U.  (1780). 

CcBsar's  Famous  Despatch,  "  Yeni,  vidi, 
'  **  written  to  the  senate  to  announce 


vici, 

his  overthrow  of  PhamacSs  king  of 
Pontus.  This  '*  hop,  skip,  and  a  jump** 
was,  however,  the  work  of  three  days. 

Cctsar^s  Death.  Both  C3iaocer  and 
Shakespeare  say  that  Julius  Cesar  was 
killed  in  the  capitol.  Thus  Polonius  says 
to  Hamlet,  '*!  did  enact  Julius  Cssar; 
I  was  killed  i'  the  capitol  **  {Ilairdetf  act 
iii  sc  2).    And  Chaucer  says : 

TMaJallaitolhaeaiiiloUvanta.  .  . 
And  fn  Uie  eapflole  anon  blm  benta 
Tbb  laM  Bnituii.  and  bis  othar  soon. 
And  ttklcad  hlJD  wlUi  bodSklns  amm. 
Cmmtmrbttrt  raU$  (•*Tbe  Monlc's  Tbls."  VS&B^ 

Plutarch  expressly  tells  us  he  was 
killed  in  Pompey*s  Porch  or  Piazza ;  and 
in  Juiius  Ccesar  Shakespeare  says  he  fell 
"e'en  at  the  base  of  Pompey's  statue** 
(act  iii.  sc  2). 

CcBsar,  the  Mcphintoph'elte  of  B>'ron*8 
unfinished  drama  called  The  Deformed 
Transformed.  This  Caesar  changes  Ar- 
nold (the  hunchback)  into  the  form  of 
Achilles,  and  assumes  himself  the  de- 
formity and  ugliness  which  Arnold  coats 


CMSAR. 


148 


CAIN  AND  ABEL. 


off.  The  drama  bein|r  incomplete,  all 
that  can  be  said  is  ttiat  *' Caesar,**  in 
cynicism,  eflFrontery,  and  snarling  bitter- 
ness of  spirit,  is  the  exact  coonterpart  of 
his  prototype,  Mephistophel^s  (1821). 

Qgaar  (Pon^j  an  old  man  of  63,  the 
father  of  Olivia.  In  order  to  induce  his 
daughter  to  many,  he  makes  love  to 
Marcel Ifl,  a  girl  of  16. — ^Mrs.  Cowley,  A 
Bold  Stroke  for  a  Hvuband  (1782). 

CflB'sarism,  the  absolute  rule  of  man 
over  man,  with  the  recognition  of  no  law 
divine  or  human  beyond  that  of  the  ruler's 
will.  CiBsar  must  be  wmmus  pontifex 
as  well  as  mwerdtor, — Dr.  Manning,  On 
Casarism  (1873).    (See  Chauvinism.) 

Gael,  a  Highlander  of  the  western 
coast  of  Scouand.  Tliese  Cael  had 
colonized,  in  very  remote  times,  the 
northern  parts  of  Ireland,  as  the  Fir-bolg 
or  Belgie  of  Britain  had  colonized  the 
southern  parts,  llie  two  colonies  had 
each  a  separate  king.  When  Crothar  was 
king  of  the  Fir-bolg  (or  "lord  of  Atha"), 
he  carried  off  Conui'ma,  daughter  of  Uie 
king  of  Ulster  {i.e.  "chief  of  the  Cael"), 
and  a  general  war  ensued  between  the 
two  races.  The  Cael,  being  reduced  to  the 
last  extremity,  sent  to  Trathal  fFingal's 
grandfather)  for  help,  and  Tratnal  sent 
over  Con'ar,  who  was  chosen  "  king  of 
the  Cael'*  immediately  he  landed  in 
Ulster ;  and  having  reduced  the  Fir-bol^  to 
submission,  he  assumed  the  title  of  "  king 
of  Ireland.  The  Fir-bolg,  though  con- 
quered, often  rose  in  rebellion,  and  made 
many  efforts  to  expel  the  race  of  Conar, 
but  never  succeeded  in  so  doing. — Ossian. 

Caer  Sry'ri,  Snowdon.  (i^ryrt  means 
"an  eyrie **  or  "  eagle's  nest.") 

.  .  .  ODM  tkt  wondering  forestM-  •tdawn  . .  . 
On  Cter  ErjtTi  hlghot  found  the  king. 

TeonyKm,  Omrtth  and  IpnM*. 

Caer  Gwent,  Yenta.  that  is,  Gwent- 
ceaster,  Wintan-ceaster  (or  Winchester), 
The  word  Gwent  is  Celtic,  and  means  "  a 
fair  open  region.** 

Caerleon  or  Caerie^on,  on  the  Usk, 
in  Wales,  the  chief  royal  residence  of 
king  Arthur.  It  was  here  that  he  kept  at 
Pentecost  "his  Round  Table"  in  great 
splendour.  Occasionally  these  "  courts  '* 
were  held  at  Camelot. 

Where,  m  at  Caerleon  oft.  he  kept  the  Tahle  Bound. 
Moet  famooi  for  the  gpon,  at  Penteoovt 

Dngrton.  PapolhUm,  VL  (m%\. 
For  Artfior  on  the  Whf tamtlde  before 
Held  ooart  at  old  GkMde'on-opoa-Uak. 

XMiaTaon,  KnUk 

Caerleon  (The  Battie  of),  one  of  the 
twelve  giett  victories  of  prince  Arthur 


over  the  Saxons.  This  battle  was  not 
fought,  as  Tennyson  says,  at  Caerleon- 
upon-Usk,  in  the  South  of  Wales,  but  at 
Caerleon,  now  called  Carlisle. 

Cases  for  Men.  Alexander  the 
Great  nad  the  philosopher  CallisthSn^ 
chained  for  seven  months  in  an  iron  cage, 
for  refusing  to  pav  him  divine  honours. 

Ci^erine  II.  of  Russia  kept  her  perm- 
quier  for  more  than  three  years  in  an  iron 
cage  in  her  bed-chamber,  to  prevent  hia 
telling  people  that  she  wore  a  wig. — Mons. 
de  Masson,  M^moiree  Secrets  eur  ia  Sttssie. 

Edward  I.  confined  the  countess  of 
Buchan  in  an  iron  cage,  for  pladng 
the  crown  of  Scotland  on  the  head  of 
Bruce.  This  cage  was  erected  on  one 
of  tiie  towers  of  Berwick  Castle,  where 
the  countess  was  exposed  to  the  rigour  of 
the  elements  and  the  gaze  of  passers-bv. 
One  of  the  sisters  of  Bruce  was  similarly 
dealt  with. 

Louis  XI.  confined  cardinal  Balue 
(grand-almoner  of  France)  for  ten  years  in 
an  iron  cage  in  the  castle  of  LochesfZosA] . 

Tamerlime  enclosed  the  sultim  Bajazet 
in  an  iron  cage,  and  made  of  him  a  pablio 
show.    So  says  D'Herbelot. 

An  Iron  eage  vae  OMde  bf  Tlnoat^ ' 


poeed  on  erery  ilde  of  iron  grating*,  through  which  the 
oapthFa  Miltan  [BaJaaet]  eoida  be  teen  Ui  any  diieetloa. 
He  tnnrelled  in  thfa  den  etog  bet  aw  two  har—fc— Leon. 
darinL 

Caglios'tro  (ComUde),  the  assumed 
name  of  Joseph  Balsamo  (1743-1795). 

pa  ira,  one   of  the  most   popnlar 

revolutionary  son^  composed  feruie  Fete 

de  la  Federation,  m  178d,  to  the  tune  of 

Le  Carillon  National,    Marie  Antoinette 

was  for  ever  strumming  this  air  on  her 

harpsichord.     "  Qa  ira"  was  the  rallying 

cry  borrowed  by  the  Federalists  from  Dr. 

Franklin,  who  used  to  say,  in  reference  to 

the  American  Revolution,  Ahl   ah!   pa 

tro  /  (»  «ro  /  ("  It  wiU  speed  *'). 

Twaa  an  tiie  ■ame  to  him— Gotf  MM  like  XfNtf, 
OrOa<ra. 

l^toa.  iMM  JtaON.  Hi.  84  (Uao). 

Cain  and  Abel  are  called  in  the 
Koran  "  K&bU  and  H&bil.'*  The  tradition 
is  that  Cain  was  commanded  to  marry 
Abel's  sister,  and  Abel  to  marry  Cain*s, 
but  Cain  demurred  because  his  own  sister 
was  the  more  beautiful,  and  so  the  matter 
was  referred  to  God,  and  Crod  answeml 
"  No  **  bv  rejecting  Cain's  sacrifice. 

The  Alohammedans  also  say  that  Cain 
carried  about  with  him  the  dead  body  of 
Abel,  till  he  saw  a  raven  scratdi  a  hole  in 
the  ground  to  bury  a  dead  bird.  The 
hint  was  taken,  and  Abel  was  buried 
under  ground. — Sale's  Koran^  v.  notes. 


GAnr-COLOURED  BEABD. 


148 


CALDERON. 


Gain-ooloiiTed  Beard,  Ckin  and 
JodM  in  old  tapesUies  and  paintines  are 
•twaji  represented  with  yeiiow  beards. 


H« 


•  Hide 


vltta  a  Htde  jreSov  bcanl ;  a 


Cam*8  TTill.  Manndrel  tells  ns  that 
'*toine  four  miles  from  Damascus  is  a 
hi^  hill,  reported  to  be  the  same  on  which 
Cara  slew  kis  brother  AbeL" — JVooe/s, 
131. 

WM  ioaiided,  Kara 
Jab*  M— wSifia^  IVawh. 


Oaina  [JTo.i'.iiaAl,  the  place  to  which 
morderen  are  doomea. 


The  aoid  who  «ffla  naa^  Kfk 

OMta.  MM,  r.  (1S06|. 

Oairl>ar.  son  of  Borbar-Duthnl^  "  lord 
ef  Atfaa"  (Comuuu^t),  the  most  potent 
of  the  race  of  the  Fir-bolg.  He  rose  in 
rebellion  against  Cormac  "  king  of  Ire- 
land,** mnrdered  him  {Thnora,  {.),  and 
usurped  the  throne ;  bat  Fingal  (who  was 
^stantly  related  to  Cormac)  went  to  Ire- 
bad  widi  an  army^  to  restore  the  ancient 
dynasty.  Cairbar  mvited  Oscar  (FingaI*B 
CTiodson)  to  a  feast,  and  Oscar  accepted 
GM  invitatioii,  bat  Curbar  having  pro- 
voked a  quarrel  yriih  his  guest,  the  two 
fbogfat,  and  both  were  slain. 

"nvhtanbarock.  Thy  thoofbta  are  dvk  and  bloody, 
itfcer  of  Catlunoc  .  .  .  but  mj  aaal  h  not 
fBahle  hand  la  flcht  Ike  Icht  at  aqr 
bir  t^^bada.'— OMtea.  Tnnmw,  L 


Cairlnne  (2  *yi')i  sometimes  called 
'^Cair^ar,'*  third  king  of  Ireland,  of  the 
Gsledontaa  line.  (There  was  also  a  Our- 
bsr,  "^lord  of  Atiia,**  a  Fir-bolg,  quite  a 
different  person.) 

The  Caledonian  bne  ran  thus:  (1) 
Conar,  first  "  king  of  Ireland  ;*'  (2)  Cor- 
mae  I.,  hia  son ;  (3)  Oairbre,  his  son ;  (4) 
AiUio,  his  son  ;  (5)  Cormac  II.,  his  son  ; 
(C)  Ferad-Artho,  Ids  cousin. — Ossian. 

Cai'oB  (2  sy/.),  the  assumed  name  of 
&e  carl  of  Kent  when  he  attended  on 
king  Lear,  after  (joneril  and  Re'gan  re- 
fused to  entertain  their  SAed  father  with 
his  8uita.-^hake8peare,  ^ttg  Lear  (1605). 

Gn*'itt    {Dr,)y    a    French   physician, 
whose  servants    are   Ru^y   and   Mrs. 
Quickly. — Shakespeare,  Merry  Witet  of 
Wmdmir  (1001). 

Vm  «■»•«  failhh  of  Ik,  Af «— — MT^Tfy. 

Cai'uB  Ck>llage  (Cambridge),  origin- 
iUy  Goaville    HalL     In    1667    it   was 
ted  into  a  college  by  Dr.  John  Key,  of 


Norwich,  and  called  after  him  Omtf  oc 
Key' 9  College, 

Cakee  {Land  of).  Scotland,  famous 
for  its  oatmeal  cakes. 

Calandri'no,  a  character  in  the  De- 
cameron, whose  **  misfortunes  have  made 
all  Europe  merry  for  four  centuries." 
— Boccaccio,  Decameron^  viii.  9  (1350). 

Calan'tha,  princess  of  Sparta,  loved 
by  Ith'ocl^.  Ithocl^  induces  his  sister, 
Penthe'a,  to  break  the  mattOT  to  tilie  prin- 
oess.  This  she  does ;  tiie  princess  is  won 
to  requite  hia  love,  aiid  the  king  consents 
to  the  union.  During  a  grand  court  cere- 
mony Calantha  is  inK>rmed  of  the  sudden 
death  of  her  father,  anoUier  announces  to 
her  that  Penthea  had  starved  herself  to 
death  from  hatred  to  Bass'anes,  and  a 
third  follows  to  tell  her  that  Ithoclgs,  her 
betrothed  husband,  has  been  murdered. 
Calantha  bates  no  jot  of  the  ceremony, 
but  continues  the  dance  even  to  the  bitter 
end.  The  coronation  ensues,  but  scarcely 
is  the  ceremony  over  than  she  can  sup- 
port the  strain  no  longer,  and,  broken- 
nearted,  she  falls  dead.— ^ohn  Ford,  The 
Broken  Heart  (1633). 

Calcm'the  (3  syL),  the  betrothed  wile 
of  Pyth'ias  the  Syracusian. — J.  Baoin, 
Damon  and  Pythiat  (1825). 

Cala'ya,  the  third  paradise  of  tiio 
Hindis. 

Cal'cnlator  (7^).  Alfragaa  the 
Arabian  astronomer  was  so  called  (died 
A.D.  820).  Jedediah  Buxton,  of  Elmeton, 
in  Derbyshire,  was  also  called  **The  Cal- 
culator^ (1705-1775).  George  Bidder, 
Zerah  Colbum,  and  a  girl  named  II  ey- 
wood  (whose  father  was  a  Mile  End 
weaver)^  all  exhibited  their  calculating 
powers  m  public 

Pascal,  m  1642,  made  a  calculating 
machine,  which  was  improved  by  Leibnitz. 
C.  Babbage  also  invented  a  calculating 
machine  (1790-1871). 

Galcut'ta  is  KaliroUtah  ("temple  of 
the  goddess  Kali"). 

Cal'deron  {Don  Pedro),  a  Spanish 
poet  bom  at  Madrid  (1600-1681).  At 
the  age  of  52  he  became  an  ecclesiastic, 
and  composed  religious  poetir  only.  Al- 
together he  wrote  about  1000  dramatic 
pieces. 

Her  BMmory  was  a  mine.    Sbo  knew  by  hiart 
AU  OM'daraa  aad  graatar  part  of  Lop^ 

%•  "  Lope  "that  is  LopfideTega,  the 
Spanish  poet  (1662-1635;. 


CALEB. 


160 


CALEPINE. 


Caleb,  the  enchaatresf  who  carried  off 
St.  George  in  infancy. 

Ca'leb,  in  Dryden's  satire  of  Absalom 
and  Achitophety  is  meant  for  lord  Grey  of 
Wark,  in  l)orthuniberland,an  adherent  of 
the  duke  of  Monmouth. 

And,  Uierefore,  In  the  DMut  of  diilniM  be 
lb*  ««U-lumg  Balaam  and  cold  Calab  fraa. 

Parti. 

*^  **  Balaam  **  i£  the  earl  of  Hunting- 
don. 

Caled,  commander-in-chief  of  the 
Arabs  in  the  siege  of  Damascus.  He  is 
brave,  fierce,  and  revengeful.  War  is  his 
delight.  When  Pho'cyas,  the  Syrian, 
deserU  Eu'mengs,  Caled  asks  him  to 
point  out  the  eovemor's  tent ;  he  refuses ; 
they  fight,  and  Caled  falls. — John  Hughes, 
Siege  of  Jktmaacus  (1720). 

Caledo'nia,  Scotland.  Also  called 
Cal'edon. 


O  Oaledonto,  Mrn  and  wild. 

Maec  none  for  a  poack  obUd !  ^  ^ 

Hot  Una  In  andant  daja  of  CUadon 
Waa  tti7  Toka  auita  amid  Um  fartal  crowd. 

Sir  W.Soott. 

Caledo'nianB,  Gauls  from  France 
who  colonized  soutii  Britain,  whence  they 
journeyed  to  Inverness  and  Ross.  The 
word  is  compounded  of  two  Celtic  words, 
Caei  ("Gaul"  or  "Celt"),  and  don  or 
dym  ("a  hill"),  so  that  Cael-don  means 
"  Celts  of  the  highUnds." 

The  Hlcblandcn  to  this  daj  call  tbonaehrai  "  OmT."  and 
tbalr  laiifiiafle  "Ciia«Mo"or  "6a4i/<0,''and  thdr  countiy 
**  Caaldaofe."  which  tha  lUimaaa  Kftenad  IntoOaladoola.— 
DimtrttUUm  an  <A«  Pomiu  ^f  Omian. 


Calenders,  a  class  of  Mohammedans 
who  abandoned  father  and  mother,  wife 
and  children,  relations  and  possessions, 
to  wsnder  through  the  world  as  religious 
devotees,  living  on  the  bounty  of  those 
whom  they  made  their  dupes. — D*IIerbe- 
lot.  Supplement^  204. 

Ha  dlv«rt«d  hlmaelf  with  tha  multltiide  of  calandera. 
aantom.  and  derrUei.  who  had  traveOad  from  the  heart 
of  India,  and  halted  on  their  mia  with  the  amir.— W. 
Becklbnl.  VuUUk  (ITSSj. 

The  Three  Calenders^  three  royal 
princes,  disguised  as  begging  dervishes, 
each  of  whom  had  lost  his  right  eye. 
Their  adventures  form  three  tales  in  the 
Arabian  Nights*  Entertainments, 

Tale  of  the  J^rst  Calender,  No  names 
are  ;nven.  This  calender  was  the  son  of 
a  king,  and  nephew  of  another  king. 
"^fVliile  on  a  visit  to  his  uncle  his  father 
died,  and  the  vizier  usurped  the  throne. 
When  the  prince  returned,  he  was  seized, 
sad  the  usurper  pulled  out  his  right  eye. 


The  uncle  died,  and  the  usurping  viaiar 
made  himself  master  of  this  kingdom  alio. 
So  the  hapless  yoimg  prince  assumed  tb% 
garb  of  a  calender,  wandered  to  Bagdad, 
and  being  received  into  the  house  of  "  the 
three  sisters,"  told  his  tale  in  the  hearing 
of  the  caliph  Uaroun-al-Raschid. — Ths 
ArcAian  Niahts, 

Tale  of  the  Second  Calender,    No  names 

S'ven.  This  calender,  like  the  first,  was 
e  son  of  a  king.  On  his  way  to  India 
he  was  attacked  by  robbers,  and  though 
he  contrived  to  escape,  he  lost  all  his 
effects.  In  his  flight  he  came  to  a  large 
city,  where  he  encountered  a  tailor, 
who  gave  him  food  and  lodging.  In 
order  to  earn  a  living,  he  turned  woodman 
for  the  nonce,  and  accidentally  discovered 
an  under-ground  palace,  in  which  lived  a 
beautiful  lady,  confined  there  by  an  evil 
eenius.  With  a  view  of  liberating  her, 
he  kicked  down  the  talisman,  when  the 
genius  appeared,  killed  the  Udy,  and 
turned  the  prince  into  an  ape.  As  an  ape  he 
was  taken  on  board  ship,  and  transported 
to  a  large  commercial  city,  where  his  pen- 
manship recommended  him  to  the  sultan, 
who  made  him  his  vizier.  The  sultan*s 
daughter  undertook  to  disenchant  him 
and  restore  him  to  his  proper  form ;  but 
to  accomplish  this  she  nad  to  fight  with 
the  malignant  genius.  She  succeeded  in 
killing  the  genius,  and  restoring  the  en- 
chanted prince ;  but  received  such  severe 
injuries  in  the  stru^ffle  that  she  died,  and 
a  spark  of  fire  which  flew  into  the  right 
eye  of  the  prince  perished  it.  The  sultan 
was  so  heart-broken  at  the  death  of  hi* 
only  child,  that  he  insisted  on  the  prince 
quitting  the  kingdom  without  delay.  So 
he  assumed  the  garb  of  a  calender,  and 
being  received  into  the  hospitable  house 
of  "  the  three  sisters,"  told  his  tale  in  the 
hearing  of  the  caliph  Haroun-al-Kaschid« 
— I%e  Arabian  Nights, 

Tale  of  the  Thml  Calender,    Thiataleit 
given  on  p.  12,  under  the  word  Agib. 

"IamcaUedAsib.**haMjrs.  "andaro  theaonofaklne 
whoee  nana  wm  Gairib.*'— itroMoM  jn^Ma. 


Calepine  (iSEr),  the  knight  attadied 
to  Sere^  (canto  8).  Seeing  a  bear 
carrj-ing  off  a  child,  he  attacked  it,  and 
squeezed  it  to  death,  then  committed  the 
babe  to  the  care  of  Matilde,  wife  of  sir 
Bruin.  As  Matilde  had  no  child  of  her 
own,  she  adopted  it  (canto  4). — Spenser, 
Faery  Qtteeny  vi.  (1596). 

♦/  U^ton  says,  "the  child"  in  this 
incident  is  meant  for  M'Mahon,  of  Ire- 
land, and  that  "  Mac  Mahon  "  means  the 
"  son  of  a  bear."    He  furthermore  say* 


CAT<Kp» 


151 


CAUSTA. 


ftai  ths  V*Mahon«  wen  descended  from 
tfae  Flts-Ui8ula«,  a  noble  Kngliah  funily. 

Cales  (2  syi,).  So  gipeies  call  them- 
■dves. 

Bdtraa  Oraado.  OMat  of  th*  CdciL 

Loogf cUw.  Tk0  apamiak  SUkUnt. 

Calf-akin.  FooU  and  jesters  used  to 
vear  a  calf-skin  coat  buttoned  down  the 
back,  and  hence  FanlconbridKe  says  inso- 
lently to  the  arch-duke  of  Anstiia,  who 
had  acted  very  basely  towards  Richard 
lion-heart: 

a  Son*!  hid*!  dofflt  forifaana^ 
a  f  lf-«lrin  <m  tboM  rwnwnt  Ifanba 

Sim§  y«JMt.  MX  UL  K.  1  (UM). 

Cal'ianax,  a  humorous  old  lord, 
father  of  Aspatia  the  troth-plight  wife  of 
Araintor.  It  is  the  death  of  Aspatia 
which  gives  name  to  the  drama. — Iteau- 
Boot  and  Fletdier,  The  Maid's  Tragedy 
(1610). 

Cal'fbflUDL  a  savage,  deformed  slave 
ol  Pronpero  (the  rightful  duke  of  Milan 
sod  father  of  Miranda).  Caliban  is  the 
"  freckled  whelp  "  of  the  witch  Syc'orax. 
Mis.  Shelley's  ''Frankenstein'*  is  a  sort 
of  Caliban. — Shakespeare,  The  2'cmpcst 
(1609). 

.  b  an  CBfth  .  .  .  1m  hai  tlM  dnwiilofi 
,  vttkoat  rMMO  or  tha  moral  woae  .  .  . 
to  Uw  fatalloetBal  faeul0w  without  the  moral 
~  bjr  tho  aiipeanDce  of  irk«k— Coleridge. 


Cal'lbum,   same  as  Exoalibary  the 
fiuBoos  sword  of  king  Arthur. 


Aniar  pand.  «f  th  kaod 
Om  CUBiwii'a  I  Willi  II  ■  braiid. 
ak  W.  8c0tt.  SHdo;  nf  TrttrmaUn  (ItOS). 


wUh 


^^id. 


o«t  hit  Callbom,  and  .  .  .  niihad 
tarf  into  tiM  Uiiekart  uf  tito  enem/i 
did  ha  five  over  tlia  Uvf  of  his  aaauilt  tlU 
with  fab  ORUbara.  kiliad  470  meti.-(Jeulfrqr. 
is.«CU-ttk 


Calldore  (^),  the  type  of  courtesy, 
and  the  hero  of  the  sixth  book  of  Spenser's 
FfMtry  Qmeen.  The  model  of  this  character 
was  sir  Philip  Sydney.  Sir  Calidorc 
(3  s^l.)  starts  in  quest  of  the  Blatant  Beast, 
vhidi    had    escaped    &om    sir    Artegal 

ibk.  V.  12).  He  first  compels  the  lady 
tria'na  to  discontinue  her  discourteous 
toll  of  '*  the  locks  of  ladies  and  the  beards 
of  kni^ts**  (canto  1).  Sir  Calidore  falls  in 
love  with  Pastorella,  a  shepherdess,  dresses 
like  a  ihepberd,  and  assists  his  lady-love 
in  keeping  sheep.  Fastorella  being  taken 
capdve  \^  brigands,  sir  C^alidore  rescues 
her,  and  leaves  her  at  Belgard  Owtle  to 
be  taken  care  of,  while  he  goes  in  quest  of 
tiie  Bktsat  Beast.  He  finds  the  monster 
s^  a  time,  by  the  havoc  it  had  made 
vith  religions  housM,  and  after  an  obsti- 
Bste  fi^t  succeeds  in  muzzling  it.  and 


dragging  it  in  chains  after  him,  but  it  got 
loose  again,  as  it  did  before  (canto  12). — 
Spenser,  Faery  Queerij  vi.  (1696). 

th« '•Calldore'* of  Um  Round  TaUe.- 


Sir  Oawala 
Boathfljr. 

\*  *  *  Pastorella  "is  Frances  Walsingham 
(daughter  of  sir  Francis),  whom  sir  Philip 
Sydney  married.  After  the  death  of  sir 
Philip  she  married  the  earl  of  Essex.  The 
**  Blatant  Iteast "  is  what  we  now  call 
"Mrs.  Grundy." 

Calie'orailt,  an  Egyptian  giant  and 
cannibal,  who  used  to  entrap  travellers 
with  an  invisible  net.  It  was  the  very 
same  net  that  Vulcan  made  to  cateh  Mars 
and  Venus  with.  Mercury  stole  it  for 
the  purpose  of  entrapping  Chloris,  and  left 
it  in  the  temple  of  Anu'bis,  whence  it  was 
stolen  by  Calig^orant.  One  day  Astolpho, 
by  a  blast  of  his  magic  horn,  so  frightened 
the  giant  that  he  got  entengled  in  his  own 
net,  and  being  made  captive  was  despoiled 
of  it— Ariosto,  Orlando  Fwioso  (1516). 

Cali'no,  a  famous  French  utterer  of 
bulls. 

Caliph  means  '*  vicar  "  or  representa- 
tive of  Mahomet.  Scaliger  sa\'s,  **  Calipha 
est  vicarius  "  {Iscujog^  3).  The  dignitv  of 
sulten  is  superior  to  that  of  caliph, 
although  many  sultans  called  themselves 
caliphs.  That  passage  which  in  our 
version  of  the  New  Testement  is  ren- 
dered '^Archelans  reipied  in  his  stead" 
^ue.  in  the  place  of  Herod),  is  translated 
in  the  Syriac  version  Checdaph  Herodes^ 
that  is,  **Archelaus  was  Herod's  caliph  " 
or  vicar.  Similarly,  the  pope  calls  him- 
self *'St.  Peter's  vicar."— Selden,  Titles 
of  Honour,  v.  68-9  (1672). 

Calip'olis,  in  The  Battle  of  Alcazar. 
a  drama  by  George  Peele  (1582).  Pistol 
says  to  Mistress  Quickly : 

Than  feed  and  lie  Iht.  mjr  fair  Oallpolls.— SbakeqMaia^ 
t  Btmrw  /K.  act  iU  ac  4  (IfiW). 

Cal'is  {The  princess) J  sister  of  As'- 
torax  king  of  Paphos,  in  love  vrith  Poly- 
dore,  brother  of  general  Memnon,  but 
loved  greatiy  by  Siphax. — Beaumont  and 
Fleteher,  The  Mad  Lover  (1617). 

Calis'ta.  the  fierce  and  haughty 
daughter  of  Sciol'to  (3  syl.),  a  proud 
Genoese  nobleman.  She  yielded  to  the 
seduction  of  Lotha'rio,  but  engaged  to 
marry  Al'tamont,  a  youns  lord  who  loved 
her  dearly.  On  the  wedding  day  a  letter 
was  picked  up  which  proved  her  guilt, 
and  she  was  subse^uentiy  seen  by  Aite- 
mont  conversing  with  Lothario.  A  duel 
ensued,  in  which  Lothario  fell ;  in  a  street 


CALISTO  AND  ARCAS. 


162 


CALUMKT  OF  PEACE. 


row  Sciolto  received  his  death-wound, 
and  CaliBta  stabbed  henielf .  The  charac- 
ter of  "  Calista  *'  was  one  of  the  parts  of 
Mrs.  Siddons.  and  also  of  Miss  Brunton. 
— N.  Rowe,  The  Fair  Penitent  (1703). 

XkhardMn  has  ghren  a  pmitjr  and  wnrtlty  to  tb«  war- 
row*  of  bla  "  Clartaa"  vhk-t)  lcnv«  "  Cnllsta  "  iiumcwRiimblf 
behind.— B.  Cbambon.  EngliA  LUrr^urt.  L  AMl 

Twelre  }earB  after  Norrls's  death.  Mrs.  Barry  wiu  acthu 
Ae  character  of  "Caliata.'*  In  the  but  net.  where  "Calfaita^' 
lajm  ber  hand  upon  a  ■knU.  riw  ( JVra.  iKarry  I  was  raddenly 
idaed  with  a  ■buddarin^.  and  tainted.  Next  dajr  ihe 
atked  whence  the  skull  had  been  obtained,  and  was  told 
It  was  "  the  skuU  oT  Mr.  Norrla.  an  actor."  This  Nonia 
mm  her  tonaer  husband,  and  so  great  was  tb*  shock  that 
aba  died  wlibiu  six  weeks.— Oxberrjr. 

Calis'to  and  Ar'oaa.  Calisto,  an 
Arcadian  nymph,  was  changed  into  a  she- 
bear.  Her  son  Areas,  supposing  the  bear 
to  be  an  ordinary  beast,  was  about  to  shoot 
it,  when  .Jupiter  metamorphosed  him  into 
a  he-bear.  Both  were  taken  to  heaven  by 
Jupiter,  and  became  the  constellations 
Urm  Minor  and  Ursa  Major, 

CaU'aghan  O'Brall'affhan  (^r), 
**a  wild  Irish  soldier  in  tne  Prussian 
army.  His  military  humour  makes  one 
fancy  he  was  not  only  bom  in  a  siege,  but 
that  Bell(Mia  had  been  his  nurse,  Mars  his 
schoolmaster,  and  the  Furies  his  plav- 
fellows"  (act  i.  1).  He  is  the  successnil 
suitor  of  Charlotte  Goodchild. — C.  Mack- 
lin,  Love  a-la-mode  (1779). 

la  the  racoids  of  the  ataie,  no  actor  erer  apptoadied 
Jack  Johnstone  in  Irish  characters :  "  sir  Lucius  O  TH|< 
fsr."  "Callatchan  O'BraUasban."  "ni^or  O^FIaherty?' 
"Tsafne,'  "Tuajr"  (the  Irish  pudener).  and  "Denuls 
Brulsradderjr '  were  portrajred  bj  hiui  in  nMist  axquistte 
cokNUB.- JTew  Monthly  MataxUt*  {IUSO). 

*«♦  "  Lucius  O'Trigger,"  in  The  Rivals 
(Sheridan) ;  "  major  0' Flaherty,"  in  The 
West  Indian  (Cumberland):  '*Teague," 
in  The  Committee  (Howard) :  *'  Dennis 
Brulgruddery,"  in  John  Bull  (Colman). 

Callet,  a  Jiiie  publique.  Brantome 
says  a  oalie  or  oadotte  is  ^'  a  cap,"  hence  the 
phrase,  Plattcs  comine  dcs  caiies.  Ben 
JonsoUj  in  his  Mofpietick  Ladtft  speaks  of 
*'  wearing  the  callet,  the  politic  hood." 

Des  flllea  du  peuptoet  de  la  campacne  s'amellanteaBei; 
4  cause  de  la  "cab** qui  leur  senrait  de  oalBUra.— Pran- 
dK|ue  Mkbel. 

Bn  sn  tMe  avoit  on  gros  bonnet  Mane,  «|b1  Yon  appdla 
one  oatte,  eC  nous  autres  appoloiis  eiUatU,  on  bonuella 
blanchrde  lagne,  nonteou  bridte  pardesHHibilamenton. 
— Bnmtftme,  Vim  des  Ikumt$  lUuttrm. 

A  begsar  In  his  drink 
Coold  not  have  laid  auch  temu  upon  his  callet 

Shakespeare,  OthMo,  aot  Iv.  ac  t  (ISHK 

CaUim'aehua  (The Ttatian)^  Finppo 
Buonaccorsi  (1437-1496). 

CaUir'rhoe  (4  <y/.),  the  lady-love  of 
Chie'reas,  in  a  Greek  romance  entitled 
The  Loves  of  Choreas  and  CaiiirrAoi,  by 
Char'iton  (eighth  oentoiy). 


K 


Gallis'thenes  (4  syL)^  a  philosopb«r 
who  accompanied  Alexander  the  Grei^  on 
his  Oriental  expedition.     He  refused  to 

y  Alexander  divine  honours,  for  whidi 
e  was  accused  of  treason,  and  being 
mutilated,  was  chained  in  a  cage  for 
seven  months  like  a  wild  beast.  Lysi- 
machus  put  an  end  to  his  tortures  by 
poison. 

Oh  let  roe  roll  In  Macedonian  rays. 
Or.  Uke  QslUstbenea,  be  omad  f.ir  UCb. 
SaCber  than  shine  in  Catblons  at  the  lasL 

N.  Lee.  AlKUUidmr  Me  tfreol,  Iv.  1  (IVSk 

Cal'mar,  son  of  Hatha,  lord  of  Lara 
(in  Connaught).  He  is  represented  as 
presumptuous,  rash,  and  overbearing,  but 
gallant  and  generous.  The  very  opposite 
of  the  temperate  Connal,  who  aaviset 
caution  and  forethought.  Calmarhurriea 
Cuthullin  into  action,  which  endi  ia 
defeat.  Connal  comforts  the  geoeial  in 
his  distress. — Ossian,  Fingal^  L 

Oal'pe  (2  syK),  Gibraltar.  The  two 
pillars  of  Hercules  are  Calpd  and  Ab'yhi* 


She  her  tbandering  nsrr '. 
TbOOpe. 

Akanilde.  JT^mii  to  th*  McAoMm. 

Cal'tlioxL,  brother  of  0>l'mar.  sons  oi 
Rathmor  chief  of  Clutha  {the  Clyde).  The 
father  was  murdered  in  lus  halls  by  Dun- 
thai  mo  lord  of  Teutha  {the  Tweed),  and 
the  two  boys  were  brought  np  by  the 
murderer  in  his  own  house,  and  accom- 
panied him  in  his  wars.  As  tiiey  ^w 
m  years,  Dunthalmo  fancied  he  perceived 
in  their  looks  a  sometiiing  whicn  excited 
his  suspicions,  so  he  shut  them  up  in  two 
separate  dark  caves  on  the  banks  of  the 
Tweed.  0)lmal,  daughter  of  Dunthalmo. 
dressed  as  a  young  warrior,  liberated 
C^lthon,  and  fled  with  him  to  Morven,  to 
crave  aid  in  behalf  of  the  caf^ve  Col- 
mar.  Accordingly,  Fingal  sent  his  son 
Ossian  with  300  men  to  effect  his  libera- 
tion. \Vhen  Dunthalmo  heard  of  the 
approach  of  this  army^  he  put  Colmar  to 
death.  Olthon,  moummg  for  his  brother, 
was  captured,  and  bound  to  an  oak ;  but 
at  daybreak  Ossian  slew  Dunthalmo,  cut 
the  thongs  of  Calthon,  gave  him  to  Ool- 
mal,  and  they  lived  happily  in  the  halU 
of  Teutha. — bssian,  Ccuthon  and  Cblmal, 

Calumet  of  Peaoe.  The  bowl  of 
this  pipe  is  made  of  a  soft  red  stone  easily 
hollowed  out,  the  stem  of  cane  or  some 
light  wood,  painted  with  diven  colours, 
and  decorated  with  the  headb,  tails,  and 
feathers  of  birds.  Wtiea  Indians  enter 
into  an  alliance  or  solemn  engagement, 
the\  smoke  the  calumet  together.  When 
war  is  the  subject,  the  whole  pipe  and 


CALTDON. 


16t 


CAMBALLO. 


■n  its  oraaments  are  deep  led. — Major 
Rogeis,  Accotmt  of  North  America,  (See 
RbdPtpk.) 

A-catwmeting^  a-conrting.  In  the  dar-' 
tiiBe  aay  act  of  gaUantiy  would  be 
deemed  indecorous  by  the  Amencan 
Indiaiis;  bat  after  snnset,  the  yoang 
lorer  goes  a-calnmetiiig.  He,  in  fact, 
lij^ts  his  pipe,  and  entering  the  cabin  of 
his  well-beloved,  oresents  it  to  her.  If 
the  lad  J  eztinjgwsaes  it,  she  accepts  his 
addresses ;  but  if  she  soffers  it  to  bora  on, 
the  rejects  them,  and  the  gentleman 
retires.— Ashe,  Traceis. 

Oal'ydon  {Prmoe  of),  Melea'ger.  famed 
far  killing  the  Gal  jdonian  boar. — ApoUodU 
i.  &    (See  Hblkaokr.) 


ShakMpMic.  S  Fmtv  P/.  act  L  k.  1  (ISBl). 

CaPydom,  a  town  of  iEtolia,  founded 
hy  Caljfdon.  In  Arthurian  romance 
(>iIjdon  is  a  forest  in  the  nortii  of  our 
islaiML  Probably  it  is  what  Richard  of 
Grencester  calk  the  **Oaedonian  Wood,"* 
WHtwaid  of  the  Varar  oi  Murray  Frith. 

Calydc/nian  Hunt.  ArtVmis,  to 
ponish  (Eneas  lE'.nnoe]  king  of  OU'ydon, 
m  iCto'lia,  for  neglect,  sent  a  nionstar 
boar  to  larage  his  vineyards.  His  son 
Meka'ger  collected  together  a  large 
eonpany  to  hnnt  it.  Tlie  boar  being 
killed,  a  diapote  arose  respecting  the 
head,  and  this  led  to  a  war  between  the 
C«a^  and  CUvdo'aians. 

A  similar  tale  is  told  of  Theseus  (2  syt.^, 
wiio  vaogoished  and  killed  the  gigantic 
sov  which  ravaged  the  territory  of 
Krommyon,  near  Corinth.  (See  Rbom- 
MToxiAjr  Sow.) 

Calyp'80»  in  ntAnaquej  a  prose-epic 
by  F^nelon,  is  meant  for  Mde.  de  Mon- 
topan.  In  mythology  she  was  queen  of 
the  island  C^yg^  on  which  Ulyss^ 
was  wrecked,  and  where  he  was  detained 
fbrgeven  vears. 

Calsfpaos  Isle,  Ogygia,  a  mythical 
islaod  **  in  the  navel  of  the  sea.**  Some 
cnniider  it  to  be  Crozo,  near  Malta. 
Og:}-gia  {noi  the  iaUtnd)  is  Boeo'tia,  in 
Greece* 

Cama'chOi  "  richest  of  men^**  makes 
nud  preparations  for  his  wedding  with 
Qnite^na,  **  fureat  of  women,**  but  as  the 
bridal  party  are  on  their  way,  Basirios 
cheats  him  of  his  bride,  by  pretending 
to  kin  himself.  As  it  is  supposed  that 
Barillas  is  dying,  Quiteria  is  married  to 
bim  as  a  mere  matter  of  form,  to  soothe 


his  last  moments ;  but  when  the  service  is 
over,  up  jumps  Basilius,  and  shows  that 
his  "mortsJ  wounds"  are  a  mere 
pretence. — Cervantes,  an  episode  in  Do* 
Qmjcote,  II.  ii.  4  (1615). 

Camalodu'nuin,  (Colchester. 

OM  hr  tMlf  th«  trilNi  oC  Britain.  Mw  Um  eoloBf  I 


tmmjwoa, 

Camaa'ohes  (3  tyl,)  or  Coman'- 
CHBS,  an  Indian  tribe  of  the  Texas 
(United  States). 

ftka 


LoosMlow.  r»  (JU  DrMnf  Cloud. 

Camaral'saniAn,  prince  of  **the 
Island  of  the  Children  of  Khal'edan, 
situate  in  the  open  sea,  some  twenW  days' 
sail  from  the  coast  of  Persia.'*  He  was 
the  only  child  of  Schah'zaman  and 
Fatima,  king  and  queen  of  the  island. 
He  was  very  averse  to  marriage ;  but  one 
night,  by  fairy  influence,  being  shown 
Badou'ra,  only  child  of  the  king  of 
China,  he  fell  in  love  with  her  and 
exchanged  rings.  Next  day  botii  in- 
otdred  what  had  become  of  the  other,  and 
tne  question  was  deemed  so  ridiculous 
tiiat  each  was  thought  to  be  mad.  At 
lengtii  Marzavan  (foster-brother  of  the 
princess)  solved  the  mystery.  He 
uduced  the  prince  C^maralzaman  to  go 
to  C^ina,  where  he  was  recognized  by  the 
princess  and  married  her.  (The  name 
means  *<the  moon  of  the  period.**)— if  ra6^ 
Nights  (**Camaralzaman  and  Badoura*'). 

Cfitm'ballo,  the  second  son  of  Cam- 
buscan'  kii^  of  Tartarv,  brother  of 
Al'garsife  (3  syQ  and  Can'acS  (3  ft//.). 
He  fought  with  two  knights  who  asked 
the  lady  (Danacd  to  wife,  ue  terms  being 
that  none  should  have  her  till  he  had 
succeeded  in  worsting  Camballo  in 
combat.  (Chaucer  does  not  give  us  the 
sequel  of  this  tale,  but  Spenser  says  that 
three  brothers,  named  Priamond,  Dia- 
mond, and  Triamond  were  suitors,  and 
that  Triamond  won  her.  The  mother  of 
these  three  (all  bom  at  one  birth)  was 
Ag'apd,  who  dwelt  in  Faery-land  (bk. 
iv.  2). 

Spenser  makes  Cambi'na  (daughter  of 
Agapd)  the  lady-love  of  Camballo. 
(Camballo  is  also  called  Camballus  and 
Cambel. 

Cambalio^s  Ring,  given  him  by  his 
sister  Canacd,  "liad  power  to  stanch  all 
wounds  that  mortally  did  bleed." 

Wall  mote  r*  woMler  bow  that  i»obi«  kolcbt, 

Af!«r  he  ImmI  ki  often  womnM  Im^ii. 
OouU  iUiMl  an  foot  now  to  raocw  the  fl^lit  .  .  . 


CAMBALU. 


164 


CAMBUSCAl^. 


AB  ««i  thn/ Tfrtat  of  Um  tint  b*  w«. . 

Hm  whkA  not  only  did  not  fhm  him  M 
Om  drop  of  Mood  to  tell,  bat  did  r«lof« 

Bb  WMluMd  parnm*.  and  hb  doUod  tpfalta  whot 

Camnbalu,  the  royal  residence  of  the 
cham  of  Cathay  (a  province  of  Tartary). 
Milton  speaks  of  **Canibala,  seat  of 
Cathayan  Can.**— PomdiM  Loftt  xi.  388 
(1665). 

Camnbaluc,  spoken  of  by  Marco  Polo, 
IS  Pekin. 

Cambel,  called  by  Chancer  Cam'- 
ballo,  brother  of  Can'acd  (8  9yL).  He 
challenged  every  suitor  to  his  sister*s 
band,  and  oveithrew  them  all  except 
Tri'amond.  The  match  between  Cambel 
and  Triamond  was  so  evenlv  balanced, 
that  both  would  have  been  killed  had  not 
Cambi'na  interfered.  (See  next  art.) — 
Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  iv.  3  (1696). 

Cambi'na,  daughter  of  the  fairy 
Ag'ape  (8  syt,).  She  had  been  trained 
in  magic  by  ner  mother,  and  when 
Cam'ballo,  son  of  Cambuscan',  had  slain 
two  of  her  brothers  and  was  engaged  in 
deadly  combat  with  the  third  (named 
Tri'amond),  she  appeared  in  the  lists  in 
her  chariot  drawn  by  two  lions,  and 
brought  with  her  a  cup  of  nepenth^ 
which  had  the  power  of  converting  hate 
to  love,  of  producing  oblivion  of  sorrow, 
and  of  inspiring  the  mind  with  celestial  joy . 
Cambina  touched  the  combatants  witli 
her  wand  and  paralyzed  them,  then  givinjg 
them  the  cup  to  drink,  diss«.>]ved  their 
animosity,  assuaged  their  pains,  and 
filled  them  with  gladness.  The  end  was 
that  Camballo  made  Cambina  his  wife, 
and  Triamond  married  Can'ace. — Spenser, 
Fairy  Queen^  iv.  8  (1596). 

Cam'bria,  Wales.  According  to 
legend,  it  is  so  called  from  Camber,  the  son 
of  Brute.  This  legendary  king  divided 
his  dominions  at  death  between  his  three 
sons :  Locrin  had  the  southern  part,  hence 
called  Loegria  {£ngiand)\  Camber  the 
wnst  (  Wales) ;  and  Albanact  the  north, 
called  Albania  (Scotland), 

Wram  Cambri»'«  ouno.  from  GMnbrUli  tcnm 

Grajr.  r*tf  tend  (17B7). 

Cam'briaD.  Welsh,  pertaining  to 
Cambria  or  Wales. 

Cambridge  University,  said  to 
have  been  founded  by  Sebert  or  Segbert 
king  of  Essex,  the  reputed  founder  of 
St.  Peter's,  Westminster  (604). 

WIm  Segbort.  worthy  prmlte.  prvparing  us  Uie  MSt 
Of  fiunout  Cambridge  flrrt,  tb«o  with  endowmoots  grant, 
Hm  MuMi  to  nuUutnin.  tho«e  liaten  thitbcr  brouKbt. 
Dnjum.  Fulgolbiim,  iL  (ISIS). 


Cambridge  Boat  Crew,  Kgki 
blue,  the  Oxford  being  dark  blue. 
CaiuSf  light  blue  and  black  ;  Catherine'tf 
blue  and  white;  ChrisVi,  common  blue; 
Clare,  black  and  golden  yellow  ;  Cvrpm^ 
cherry  and  white  ;l>otrfi^,  chocolate ;  £a»- 
nuxnuel,  cherry  and  dark  blue;  Jesuk,  red 
and  black  ;  John's,  bright  red  and  white  ; 
King's,  violet :  Magdeleti,  indi^and  laven- 
der ;  Feinbroke,  claret  and  French  grey  ; 
Peterhouae,  dark  blue  and  white ;  Qtuxn's, 
green  and  white  ;  Sydney,  red  and  blue  ; 
TrmUy,  dark  blue ;  TrinUy  Hall,  black 
and  white. 

Cambridge  on  the  Charles, 
contains  Harvard  University,  founded 
1686  at  Cambridge  on  the  river  Charles 
(Massachusetts),  and  endowed  in  1689 
by  the  Rev.  John  Harvard. 

Athcologbui  fromtboicfaool 

or  GunbridM  on  tiM  Chuks.  WM  Oan. 

LooflaUow.  TkM  »'mifaid0  dnm  (|tnlad4> 

Cambuscan',  king  of  Sarra,  in  the 
land  of  Tartar^' ;  the  model  of  all  royal 
virtues.  His  wife  was  El'feta;  his  two  sons 
Al'garsife  (3  syl.)  and  Cam'ballo ;  and  his 
dat^hterCan'ace(85^/.).  Chaucer  accents 
the  MW^  syllable,  but  Milton  erroneously 
throws  the  accent  on  the  middle  syllable. 
Thus  Chaucer  says : 

And  wbcrdl  that  whoa  thtoOunbHCMT  .  . 
And  again : 

Thb  CambiMCMi',  of  vliidi  I  have  jroa  told  .  . 

But  Milton,  in  J7  Penseroso,  says : 

Ulm  who  l«rt  ludf  told 

Tho  $torj  of  Cunboi'aui  bold. 

The  accent  might  be  preserved  by  a 
slight  change,  thus : 

Him  who  left  of  oU 

Tbo  tale  of  GuBbiucan'  hair-told. 

CambuBcan  had  three  presents  sent  him 
by  the  king  of  Araby  and  Ind :  (1) 
a  horse  of  brass,  which  would  within  a 
single  day  transport  its  rider  to  the  most 
distant  region  of  the  world  ;  (2)  a  tren- 
chant swonl,  which  would  cut  through  the 
stoutest  armour^  and  heal  a  sword-wound 
bv  simply  strikmg  it  with  the  flat  of  the 
blade ;  (8)  a  mirror,  which  would  reveal 
conspiracies,  tell  who  were  faithful  and 
loyal,  and  in  whom  trust  might  be 
confided.  He  also  sent  Cambuscan's 
daughter  CanacS  a  ring  that  she  might 
know  Uie  virtues  of  all  plants,  and  by 
aid  of  which  she  would  be  able  to  under- 
stand the  language  of  birds,  and  even  to 
converse  with  them. — Chaucer,  CafUeHmrjf 
Tales  ("The  Squire's  Talc,"  13«8). 


CAMBTSBS. 


156 


CAMLAN. 


Oamb^see  (8  «y<.),  a  pompons, 
ntnting  character  m  Preston's  tragedy  of 
tkatnaaoe. 


•ad  I  *n  do  It  la  Idng  Cun* 
1  ilMinr /r.  Mt  fl.  M.  4  0807). 


Camby'Bes  and  Smerdis.  Cam- 
bvB^  kiiu^  of  Persia  killed  his  brother 
Smerdis  firom  tiie  wild  suspicion  of  a 
mad  man,  and  it  is  only  charity  to  think 
that  he  was  really  non  compos  mentis. 


WkOt  h*  bis  hmbv  M«fVM  ewt  to  digFe. 
A  *ca4M  thbtt.  hte  wtttM  won  him  iMivft. 

T.  aMkvfle.  A  Mlrr-rr/T  Maalttra. 
("IWOoMpinrat.*'  1^). 

Camdeo,  the  god  of  lore  in  Hindft 
mythology. 

CameL  The  pelican  is  called  the 
"  rirer  camel,**  in  French  chamaau  cTeaUf 
and  in  Arabic  ymim«/  ei  bahar. 


[L*.  pMeaml  bat  Omt 
far  01  to  flbeot  tlMia.— Nonten. 


Cameliard  (3  sy/.))  the  realm  of 
Leod'ogran  or  Leod'ogrance,  father  of 
Gnio'evere  (3  syl.)  wife  of  king  Arthnr. 


thckfa«orOuMltud 

■thiir  ttad  iMMM  oClMr  child  ... 
ItebcrfalioiMMIsbt. 

TeoajvoQ.  Oamim^  9/  Arthmt. 

Cam'elot  (8  syL),  There  are  two 
^secs  so  called.  The  place  referred  to  in 
Am^  IAmt  is  in  Cornwall,  but  that  of 
Arthuian  renown  was  in  Winchester.  In 
rmrd  to  the  first  Kent  says  to  Cornwall, 
"Goose,  \S.  1  had  yon  upon  Samm  Plain 
Td  drire  ye  cackling  home  to  Camelot," 
it,  to  Tintag^  or Camelford,  the  *'home  *' 
of  the  duke  of  Cornwall.  But  the  Came- 
lot of  Arthmr  was  in  Winchester,  where 
Tisitors  are  still  shown  certain  laive  en- 
trenchments once  pertaining  to  ^'king 
Arthur's  palace." 

ilr  Mhilt  iwwd  w  pot  lirto  BMrtOe  stone,  ttandhit  h 
ipn^»»B«u  nflbCiMM,  mod  h>»Ma  down  tb«Btr«un 
•tatdtyaTCfciwriiic  tt«t  in.  In  Bntdiih.  WtocbeMr.— 
SkT.  MdHy.  MUtrnTT  tf  Prinem  Artkmr,  L  44  (1470). 

*«*  In  some  places,  even  in  Arthurian 
romance,  Camelot  seems  the  city  on  the 
Camel,  in  Cornwall.  Thus,  when  sir 
Tristram  left  Tintagil  to  f  o  to  Ireland,  a 
tempest  ** drove  him  back  to  Camelot" 
(pt  iL  19). 

Camil'la,  the  rirgin  queen  of  Uie 
Volscians,  famous  for  her  fleetness  of 
foot.    Shs  aided  Tnmns  against  ^neas. 

ff«t »  «fc«B  Bvtft  CkmnU  aeoun  tbo  plain, 
ntai  e'«  Ik'  cabeodlas  corn,  or  aldna  aloof  the  main. 

Pope. 

CamMa,  wife  of  Anselmo  of  Florence. 
Asselmo,  in  order  to  rejoice  in  her  incor- 
n^tible  fidelity,  induced  his  friend  Lo- 


thario to  try  to  corrupt  her.  This  he  did, 
and  Camilla  was  not  trial-proof,  bnt  fell. 
Anselmo  for  a  time  was  kept  in  the  dark, 
but  at  the  end  Camilla  eloped  with  Lo- 
thario. Anselmo  died  of  grief,  Lothario 
was  slain  in  battle,  and  Camilla  died  in  a 
convent. — Cervantes,  Don  Qiuxote.  I.  iv, 
6,  6  ("  Fatal  Curiosity,"  1605). 

Camille'  (2  sylX  in  Comeille's  tragedy 
of  Les  Horaces  (1639).  When  her  brother 
meets  her  and  bids  ner  congratulate  him 
for  his  victory  over  the  three  curiatii,  she 
gives  utterance  to  her  grief  for  the  death  of 
ner  lover.  Horace  saprs,  "  What !  can  you 
prefer  a  man  to  the  interests  of  Rome  ?  " 
Whereupon  Camille  denounces  Rome,  and 
concludes  with  these  words :  "Oh  that 
it  were  my  lot!"  When  Mdlle.  Rachel 
first  appeared  in  the  character  of  "Ca- 
mille,*' she  took  Paris  by  storm  (1838). 

Voir  le  dernier  Romain  4  wn  dernier  «wplr. 

et  moorlr  de  plalslr. 


liol  Mule  en  etre 

*«*  Whitehead  has  dramatized  the  sub- 
ject and  called  it  The  Roman  Father 
(1741). 

Camillo,  a  lord  in  the  Sicilian  court, 
and  a  ver>'  good  man.  Being  command^ 
by  king  l^ont^  to  poison  Polixenes, 
instead  of  doing  so  he  gave  him  warning, 
and  fled  with  nim  to  Bohemia.  Wlien 
PclixenSs  ordered  his  son  FlorTzel  to 
abandon  Perdita,  Camillo  persuaded  the 
youn^  lovers  to  seek  refuge  in  Sicily, 
and  induced  Lcontes,  the  king  thereof, 
to  protect  them.  As  soon  as  Polixenes 
discovered  that  Perdita  was  Leont^' 
daughter,  he  readily  consented  to  the  union 
which  before  he  liad  forbidden. — Shake- 
speare, The  Winter's  Tale  (1604). 

Cami'ola,  "the  maid  of  honour,"  a 
lady  of  great  wealth,  noble  spirit,  and 
great  b^uty.  She  loved  Bertoldo 
(brother  of  Roberto  king  oi  the  two  Sici- 
lies), and  when  Bertoldo  was  taken 
prisoner  at  Sienna,  paid  his  ransom. 
Bertoldo  before  bis  release  was  taken 
before  Aurelia,  the  duchess  of  Sienna. 
Aurelia  fell  in  love  with  him,  and  pro- 
posed marriage,  an  offer  which  Bertoldo 
accepted.  Tnc  betrothed  then  went  to 
Palermo  to  be  introduced  to  the  king, 
when  Camilla  exposed  the  conduct  of  the 
base  voung  prince.  Roberto  ^'as  dis- 
gusted at  nis  brother,  Aurelia  rejected 
him  with  scorn,  and  Camiola  retired  to 
a  nunnery. — Massinger,  The  Maid  of 
Honour  (1637). 

Camlan  (in  Cornwall),  now  the  rirer 
Alan  or  Camel,  a  contraction  of  Cam-alan 


CAMLOrrE. 


166 


CANDAYA. 


("the  crooked  river"),  so  called  from  its 
continaons  windings.  Here  Arthur  re- 
ceived his  death-woond  from  the  hand  of 
his  nephew  Mordred  or  Modred,  a.d.  542. 

FraBtk  evv  lioo*  bcr  Britkb  Arthvi'i  blood, 

Rr  Mordrcd'i  mitrtheroiw  band,  vu  mliigl«d  tHth  b«r 

flood. 
For  aa  that  rlrer  bMt  might  boMt  (liat  oonqueror^  bnaUi 

[birikl 
flo  miij  ah*  bMnoana  bit  too  nntimeijr  death. 

M.  Dfajrtoii.  PoifUbUm.  L  (161S). 

Camlotte  (2  syl.)^  shoddy,  fustian, 
rabbish,  as  Ceet  d$  la  oamlotU  ce  qui  v<mt 
dite9-la, 

Cam'omile  (3  syi.),  says  Falstaff, 
"the  more  it  is  trodden  on  the  faster  it 
grows." — Shakespeare,!  Henry  IV,  actii. 
so.  4  (1597). 

TboBgh  ttw  cam0mU0,  the  more  It  b  trodden  and  praaad 
downe.  the  more  It  spreadcth  ;  yet  the  vloU*,  tb*  oftaner 
It  Is  hamlled  and  touched,  the  eoooer  h  wtthereth  and 
decajretk.— UU7.  Eu^phuM. 

Campa'nla,  the  plain  country  about 
Cap'ua,  the  terra  di  Lavcfro  of  Italy. 

Campas'pe  (8  ^y/.),  mistress  of  Alex- 
ander. He  gave  her  up  to  Apell§s^  who 
had  fallen  in  love  with  her  while  pamting 
her  likeness. — Pliny,  Hist,  xxxv.  10. 

John  Lyly  produced,  in  1583,  a  drama 
entitled  Cupia  and  Campaspe^  in  which  is 
the  well-known  lyric : 

Cupid  and  m«-  Campaspl  played 
At  card*  for  kLoea ;  Cupid  paid. 

Campbell  {Captain)^  called  "Green 
Colin  Campbell,"  or  Bar'caldine  (3  suL), 
—Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Highland  Widow 
(time,  George  II.). 

Campbell  (General),  called  "Black 
Colin  Campbell,"  in  Uie  king's  service. 
Ho  suffers  the  papist  conspirators  to 
depart  unpunished.— -Sir  W.  Scott,  Sed- 
gauntlet  (time,  George  HI.). 

Campbell  {Sir  Duncan)^  knight  of  Ar- 
denvohr,  in  the  marquis  of  Argyll's 
army.  He  was  sent  as  ambassador  to 
the  earl  of  Montrose. 

Lady  Mary  Campbell,  sir  Duncan's 
wife. 

Sir  Duncan  Campbell  of  Attchcttbreck, 
an  officer  in  the  army  of  the  marquis  of 
Argyll. 

Murdoch  Campbell  J  a  name  assumed  by 
the  marquis  of  Argyll.  Disguised  as  a 
servant,  ne  visited  Dalgctty  and  M'Eagh 
in  the  dungeon,  but  the  prisoners  over- 
mastered him,  bound  him  fast,  lock^ 
him  in  the  dungeon,  and  escaped. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Legend  of  Montrose  (time, 
Charles  I.). 


Campbell  {The  lady  Mary),  dao^^iter  of 
the  duke  of  Argyll. 

The  lady  Caroline  Campbell,  litter  of 
lady  Maiy.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Heart  of  Mid- 
lothian (time,  George  II.). 

Campeador  [Kam.pay*,dor\,iii%  Cid, 
who  was  called  Mio  Vid  el  Qimpe&dor 
("  my  lord  the  champion  ").  "  Cid  "  is  a 
corruption  of  said  ("  lord  '*). 


Campo-Basso  (77ttf  count  of),  an 
officer  in  the  duke  of  Burgundy's  army, 
introduced  by  sir  W.  Scott  in  two 
novels,  Quentin  Duncard  and  Anne  of 
Geierstein,  both  laid  in  the  time  of 
Edward  IV. 

Can'a,  a  kind  of  grass  plentiful  in  the 
heathy  morasses  of  the  north. 


If  OQ  the  heath  the  moved,  bcr  braut  vae  wfaUar  than 
thedowiiofcaua;  If  on  the  aea-beat  ibore,  than  the  f«i 
flf  Om  roUhic  oeean.— Oniaa.  CkUA-^edo.  UL 


Can'€use  (3  5^/.),  daughter  of  Cam- 
buscan',  and  the  paragon  of  women. 
Chaucer  left  the  tale  half-told,  but 
Spenser  makes  a  crowd  of  suitors  woo 
her.  Her  brother  Cambel  or  Cam'ballo 
resolved  that  none  should  win  his  sister 
who  did  not  first  overthrow  him  in  fight. 
At  length  Tri'amond  sought  her  hand,  and 
was  so  nearly  matched  in  fl^^with  Can:- 
ballo,  that  both  would  have  been  killed, 
if  CMnbi'na,  daughter  of  the  fury  Ag'ape 
(8  syl,),  had  not  interfered.  Cambina 
gave  the  wounded  combatants  nepenthe, 
which  had  the  power  of  converting  enmity 
to  love;  so  the  combatants  ceased  from 
fi^ht,  Camballo  took  the  fair  Cambina  to 
wife,  and  Triamond  married  CanacS. — 
Chaucer,  Squire's  Tale;  Spenser,  Faery 
Queen,  iv.  3  (1596). 

Canaci's  Mirror,  a  mirror  whidi  told 
the  inspectors  if  the  persons  on  whom 
thev  set  their  affections  would  prove  true 
or  false. 

Canace^s  Ring,  The  king  of  Araby  and 
Ind  sent  CanacS,  daughter  of  Cambus- 
can'  (king  of  Sarra,  in  Tartary),  a  ring 
which  enabled  her  to  understand  the 
language  of  birds,  and  to  know  the 
medical  virtues  of  all  herbs. — Chaucor, 
Canterbury  Tales  ("  The  Squire's  Tale," 
1388). 

Candaules  (3  syl,),  king  of  Lydia, 
who  exposed  the  charms  of  nis  wife  to 
Gjr'ggs.  The  queen  was  so  indignant 
that  she  employed  GygOs  to  murder  her 
husband.  She  then  married  the  assassin, 
who  became  king  of  Lydia,  and  reigned 
twenty-eight  years  (b.c.  716-688), 

Canday'a  (The  kingdom  of),  aitoate 


CANDID  FEIEND. 


117 


CANTON. 


between  tlM  grcAt  Trmpoba'na  and  the 
SeiUh  Scft,  a  coaple  of  leasiies  beyond 
cape  Com'orixi. — Cervantes,  .Am  Qmxotef 
IL  in.  4  (1616). 

Candid  Friend.  'Save  me,  <^ 
■are  me,  from  a  candid  friend ! "  (See 
Uatkb.) 

Gh»afttk*aivafwe4.  tte  flraek.  lb*  opan  ioe.— 
■iBlauiaMt.  pfrtMUM—y  turn  his  btow; 
B« «f aB Heodi tti«H««w  hi  wntk ewi Mni. 
tew  B^  oh,  »?•  mm,  tram  a  oandid  frtond  t 


Candida'  (2  syl.)^  the  hero  of  Yol- 
ture*s  nord  of  the  same  name.  All 
eoQceivable  misfoitones  are  piled  on  his 
iMsd,  bat  he  bean  them  with  cynical 
indiifiarenoe. 


»«I«"V4».*    HaMkymthatChiidU* 

llfc  MOTI  tolmbto  aftarniMk. 

Candonr  (Mrs.),  the  bean-ideal  of 
feaale  backbitera.--Sheridan,  The  Schooi 
for  ScoMkU  (1777). 

Hm  naa  of  "  JCn.  Chadoor"  has  b«»int  oiw  of  ttMM 
fcnsiitihis  by-wonk  which  Itava  mors  povsr  la  iNMtliis 

he  qasrtioasd 
lai 

Canidia,  a  NeaooUtan,  beloved  by 
the  poet  Horace.  Vhen  she  deserted 
him,  he  held  her  up  to  contempt  as  an  oUl 
loicereas  who  coold  by  a  ihomb  unspheie 
the  ouKMi. — Horace,  Epodet  v.  and  xvii. 

rtcht 


te  tk»  Oordtm,  It. 

Canker  of  the  Brain,  mental  de- 
lonon.  We  often  say  "  a  person  is  full  of 
Bsggott,**  meaning  whims  and  fancies. 
'See  Maogotb.) 

W  say  Tfcloo  AoaM  roisal 

Ihf  Kkaasss,  1  might  ooont  It  vala. 

Is  bat  ths  canker  of  dio  bcaio. 

TteayaoB.  M  jy<mi-toia,  kB. 

CanmoreorGKKAT-HEAD.  Malcolm 
HI.  of  Scotland  (*,  1057-1098).-^ir  W. 
Seott,  Tidn  i^a  Gramd/ather,  i.  4. 

Canning  (George),  statesman  (1770- 
1827).    Qiarles  Lamb  calU  him  : 

ll.  Wtaftma't  took  tbe  amy  of  debate. 

titmntt  in  "  The  Okmmtpton." 

Cano'poBy  Menelilos's  pilot,  killed 
in  the  reUun  voyage  from  Troy  by  the 
bite  oi  a  serpenL  The  town  (}ukd{M>s 
(Lsan,  Canoyus)  was  boilt  on  the  site 
where  the  pilot  was  buried.   . 

Cantab,  a  member  of  the  University 
of  Cambridgtt.  The  word  is  a  contraction 
sf  the  La  in  Caa  abrig'ia. 


Cantanbrian  Surge  {7%t),  Bay  «< 
Biscay. 


She  her 

To  Caipt[OibrmUdr].  ,  .oriha 

ChBtabriaa  snrps. 

Akeaslde.  Firmn  to  Me  jroiorfs. 

Cantab'ric  Ocean,  the  sea  which 
washes  the  south  of  Ireland. — Richard  of 
Cirencester,  Ancient  State  of  Britain^  i.  8. 

Can'tacuaene'    (4  «y/.),   a    noble 

Greek  ftimily,  which  nas  famished  two 

emperors  of  Constantinople,  and  several 

princes  of  Moldavia  and  Wallachia.    The 

family  still  survives. 

We  Bksaa  to  ihow  tfMt  tbe  Omtssiissais  art  Ml  the 
ool7|itinosl>fiunajrbitfae«orld.— irisnMll.  Lotkairm. 

Ibsfe  are  other  msroberi  of  the  Oiafssaaial  fSMHy 
i  njrssit — Ditta 


Can*tacu»en^  {Michael),  the  grand 
sewer  ^f  Ale^us  0>mne'nus,  emperor  of 
Greece.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Count  Hobert  of 
Par%9  (time,  Rufus). 

Canterbury,  accordin^^  to  myfhioal 
story,  was  built  by  Rudhudibras. 


B/  ftodhudlbras  Kent's  ismoas  town  ...  art 

Ikaitoa,  rol^Mm,  fliLdSlt.) 

Canterbury  Tales.   Eighteen  tales 

told  by  a  company  of  pilgrims  going  to 

visit  the  shrine  of  ''St.  Thomas  k  Beck«i* 

at  Canterbury.    The  party  first  assembled 

at  the  Tabard,  an  inn  in  Southwark ,  and 

there  agreed  to  tell  one  tale  each  both 

going  and  returning,  and  the  person  who 

told  the  best  tale  was  to  be  treated  by  the 

rest  to  a  supper  at  the  Tabard  on  the 

homeward  journey.    The  party  consisted 

of    twenty-nine    pilgrims,   so    that    tbe 

whole  budget  of  tales  should  have  been 

fifty-eight,    but    only    eighteen    of    the 

number  were  told^ot  one  being  on  the 

homeward  route.    The  chief  of  these  tales 

are:    ''llie  Knight's  Tale 'WPoTomonaTVir 

Ar'cite,    3  »yl,);    "The  Man  of   Law's 

Tale"  (Custance,  2  $yi.) ;    "The  Wife  of 

Bath's  Tale"  (Medas) ; "  The  Clerk's  Tale" 

(Qrisiidis);  »^The  Squire's  Tale"  (Cam- 

buacan',   incomplete) ;    "  The    Franklin's 

Tale"  {Dor'^en  and  Arvir'agus) ;  "The 

Prioress's  Tale  ''(Hwjh  of  Lincoln)  ;  "  The 

Priest's  Tale  "  (Chanticleer  and  ParteliU) : 

"The  Second  Nun's  Tale"  (8t,  CecU'ia)  ; 

"The  Doctor's  Tale"  (Virninia)',   "The 

Miller's  Tale"   (John  the  Carpenter  and 

Alison)  \   and   "The  Merchant's   Tale" 

(January  and  May),  (1388). 

Canton,  the  Swiss  valet  of  lord 
Ogleby.  He  has  to  skim  the  morning 
papers  and  serve  out  the  cream  of  them 
to  nis  lordship  at  breakfast,  "with  good 
emphasis  and  good  discretion."  He 
laughs  at  all  his  master's  jokes,  flatters 


CANTRIPS. 


158 


CAPTAIN. 


him  to  the  top  of  his  bent,  and  speaks 
of  him  as  a  mere  chicken  compared  to 
himself,  though  his  lordship  is  70  and 
Canton  about  50.  Lord  Ogieby  calls 
him  his  "cephalic  snuff,  and  no  bad 
medicine  against  megnms,  vertigoes,  and 
profound  Uiinkings." — Colman  and  Gar- 
rick,  The  ClandesttM  Marriage  (1766). 

Can'tripB  {Mrs.)^  a  quondam  friend 
of  Nanty  Ewart,  the  smuggler-captain. 

Jessie  Cantrips^  her  diiughter.---8ir  W. 
Scott,  Bcdgauntlei  (time,  George  III.). 

Cant'well  (Z>r.),  the  hypocrite,  the 
l^jiglish  representative  of  Mo!i^re*s  '*  Tar- 
tu^." He  makes  religious  cant  the 
instrument  of  gain,  luxurious  living,  and 
sensual  indulgence.  I  lis  overreaching 
and  dishonourable  conduct  towards  lady 
Lambert  and  her  daughter  gets  thoroughly 
exposed,  and  at  last  he  is  arrested  as  a 
swindler. — 1.  Bickerstaff,  The  Jlj/pocrite  ' 
(1768). 

Dr.  Cantvall . . .  tiie  mcnk  umI  odnUjr  liypocrite. 

L.  Hunt. 

Canute'  or  Cnut  and  Edmund 
Ironside.  William  of  Malmesbury 
says:  When  CnQt  and  Edmund  were 
ready  for  their  sixth  battle  in  Gloucester- 
shire, it  was  arranged  between  them  to 
decide  their  respective  claims  by  single 
combat.  Cnut  was  a  small  man,  and 
Edmund  both  tall  and  strong;  so  Cnut 
said  to  bis  adversary,  **We  both  lay 
claim  to  the  kingdom  in  right  of  our 
fatbers;  let  us,  therefore,  divide  it  and 
make  peace ;  **  and  they  did  so. 

CttuutiH  of  Um  two  thAl  furthort  vm  from  hope . . . 
Cdca.  "  Noble  Edmund,  bold  1     Let  u*  Um  land  dlrkto." 
. .  .  and  all  aloud  do  C17. 

"Couracauiw  klnci,  divktal  Twcre pity  cueh  tbould  dki." 
Dngrtoo.  PolpoM«n,  xU.  (1613). 

Cauute^s  Bird,  the  knot,  a  corruption  of 
**  Rnut,'*  the  Cinclus  belloniiy  of  which  king 
Canute  was  extremely  fond. 


Th«  kaoc  that  caOfid  mu  Oanutn/  bird  of  old. 
OC  Uuit  Knmt  kiua  of  Dairat.  his  name  Uiat  Mill  doth  bold, 
Uts  appetite  to  pMue  . .  .  fnnn  Denmark  hither  bruuKlit. 
Drayton.  Pofi/olUon,  kxv.  (ISXt). 

Can'ynge  {Sir  Wiiliatn)^  is  re- 
presented in  the  Houtey  Rumatu^  as  a 
rich,  (jod-fearing  merchant,  demoting 
much  money  to  the  Church,  and  much 
to  literature.  He  was,  in  fact,  a 
Bi»ce'nas.  of  princely  hospitality,  living 
in  the  Ked  House.  The  priest  Rowley 
was  his  "  llorace.*'— ^Jhatterton  (1752- 
1770). 

Ca'ora,  inhabited  by  men  "whose 
heads  do  grow  beneath  their  shoulders." 
(See  Blbmmyks.) 

Oil  ttiAt  branch  which  ia  nailed  Caora  are  ^tUt)  a  nation 
of  people  arhoao  heaJce  appeare  not  above  their  ihnuidcrt, 


Thtv  are  reported  to  have  their  eves  in  their 
and  their  nouthee  In  the  aiiddle  of  their 
HacUujrt  Teyo^  (INS). 

(Raleigh,  in  his  Description  of  Guicma 
(1596),  also  gives  an  account  of  men 
whose  "heacu  do  grow  beneath  their 
shoulders.") 

Capabilitsr  Brown,  Launcelot 
Brown,  the  Knglish  landscape  gardener 
(171^-1788). 

Cap'aneus  (8  syt,)^  a  man  of  gigantic 
stature,  enormous  strength,  and  headlong 
valour.  He  was  impious  to  the  gods,  bat 
fiuthful  to  his  friends.  Otpaneus  was 
one  of  the  seven  heroes  who  marched 
against  Thebes  (1  syt.)^  and  was  struck 
dead  by  a  thunderbolt  for  declaring  that 
not  Jupiter  himself  should  prevent  his 
scaling  the  city  walls. 

♦#♦  The  "  Mezentius"  of  Virgil  and 
**  A^gantd  "  of  Tasso  are  similar  characters ; 
but  uie  Greek  Cap&neus  exceeds  Mczen- 
tins  in  physical  daring  and  Aigantd  in 
impiety. 

Cape  of  Storms,  now  called  the 
Cape  of  Good  Hope.  It  was  Bartholomew 
Diaz  who  called  it  Cabo  Tormentoso  (I486), 
and  king  Juan  II.  who  changed  the 
name. 

Capitan,  a  boastful,  swaggering 
coward,  in  several  French  farces  and 
comedies  prior  to  the  time  of  Molibre. 

Caponsac'chi  (Owaeppe)^  the  young 
priest  under  whose  protection  Pompilia 
tied  from  her  hnsbimd  to  Rome.  The 
husband  and  his  friends  said  the  elope- 
ment was  criminal ;  but  Pompilia,  Capon- 
sacchi,  and  their  friends  maintained  that 
the  young  canon  simply  acted  the  part  of 
a  chivalrous  protector  of  a  young  woman 
who  was  married  at  15,  and  who  fled  from 
a  brutal  husband  who  ill-treated  her. — 
K.  Browning,  The  Ming  and  the  Book, 

Capstem  (Captain)y  captain  of  an 
East  Indiamau,  at  Madras. — Sir  W. 
Scutt,  The  Surgeon's  Daughter  (time, 
George  II.). 

Captain,  Manuel  Corane'nus  of 
Treb'izond  (11*20,  1148- 1180). 

Captain  of  Kait,  So  Jack  Cade  called 
himself  (died  1450). 

The  Great  Captain  (el  Oran  Capitano), 
Gonzalvodi  Coi^dova  (1453-1515). 

The  People's  Captain  {cl  Capitano  del 
Popolo),  Guiseppe  Garibaldi  (1807-        ). 

Captain  {A  Copper),  a  ooor  captain, 
whose  swans  are  all  geese,  his  jewellery 
I>aste,  his  guineas  counters,  his  achieve- 


CAPTAIN. 


169 


CARACTACUS. 


BMOlB  toBgac-doogfatiiwiM,  and  hii  whole 
man  Bnuuiuigem. 

lb  ftbeppMr  cutBla  «M  oonlded  the  eoamuuMl  of  tlM 


Mttir%  ft  pvovy  Jw^H  •  • « 
tokawBipwklai^  Ik*  an  oU  IwIt'i  cy«i. 
Aari  kcn^  •  ctela  of  vhM^  oyw  for  pMuli 
Tiw  rl<fhw  1  iwralhlt  tir  rtim.  ill  nrwtrrl 
PMdlMtABd  ibaaioa.  yovTiv  «  ■•o  «f  copper ; 
AkteiefcHidlertkk;  aeopper.  copper  eepialn. 

BoeaaoM  aad  neldMr.  Jtal*  •  ir<^e  flnrf 

C<ijD<am  (A  Ud)f  *  poor  obsequiouii 
captain,  who  ia  led  about  aa  a  cavalier 
tervanU  hy  thoae  who  find  him  hospitality 
and  pay  nnnky  for  him.  He  is  not  the 
leader  of  others,  aa  a  captain  ought  to  be, 
but  is  by  oihera  led. 

WhcB  yoa  qoeml  vMk  the  fimlljr  of  BUDdtah.  yoo  only 
fan*  nteiS  ceehwy  to  be  Csd  epon  wnpe  by  •  poor 
ewtaierekdcepcaia,— BofSognM,  7%«  JS[«<r«M,  r.I(1781). 

Gxjdum  ( The  Black),  lieutenant-colonel 
Dauiia  Daridoff,  of  the  Russian  army. 
In  the  French  invasion  he  was  called  by 
tibe  French  Le  Capitaine  Noir, 

Captain  Ijoys  [Xo.is].  Louise  Lab^ 
waa  so  called,  because  in  early  life  she 
embraced  the  profession  of   arms,  and 

STe  repeated  proofs  of  great  valour, 
e  was  also  called  La  Belle  Corditre. 
hofuat  Lab^  waa  a  po^esa,  and  has  left 
Bereral  aooneta  full  of  pasaion,  and 
some  good  elegies  (1526-1560). 

Captain  Bi^ht,  a  fietitioua  com- 
laaader,  the  ideal  of  the  ri^ta  due  to 
Ireland.  In  the  last  century  Uie  peasants 
«f  Ireland  were  sworn  to  captain  Ki^t, 
aa  cfaartiats  were  sworn  to  their  articles 
of  demand  called  their  charter.  Shake- 
apeaie  would  have  furnished  tiiiem  with 
a  good  motto,  "  Uae  every  man  after  his 
deMrt,  and  who  shall  'acape  whipping?  " 
(ifaaii^  act  iL  ae.  2). 

Captain  BocIl  a  fietitioua  name 
aaninied  by  the  leader  of  certain  Irish 
iaaurgents  in  1822,  etc  All  notioes, 
swnmoasea,  and  so  on,  were  aigned  by 
tUa 


Captain  ia  a  Bold  Man  ( The),  a 
popular  phrase  at  one  time.  Peacbum 
applies  nie  expression  to  captain  Mac- 
kcath.— Gay,  The  Beggar's  Opera  (1727). 

Capu'cinade  (4  tyl,).    "A  capu- 

etnade**    is    twaddling    composition,  or 

viahy-waahy  literature.      Tne   term    is 

4eriired  from  the  sermons  of  the  Capn- 

diins,  which  were  notoriouslv  incorrect 

in  doctrine  and  debased  in  style. 

II  ■«•  a  vasM  dleeoone.  the  tbeiorfc  of  an  old  pro* 
tmm.  a  mmt  cavadaafde.-.Lence.  0«  Mmt,  tu.  4 


Cap'ulet,  head  of  a  noble  house  of 
Yerona,  in  feudal  enmity  with  the  houae 
of  Mon'tague  (3  syL),  'ijord  C^pulet  is 
a  jovial,  teaty  old  man,  aclf-willed,  pre- 
judiced, and  tvrannical. 

Lady  Capulet,  wife  of  lord  Opnlet 
and  mother  of  Juliet. — Shakespeare, 
Borneo  and  JtUiet  (1598). 

Then  ladjr  Oumlet  cooaee  nrrapinf  by  with  her  tnlii 
of  velvet,  tier  blaek  bood.  bcr  fiui.  and  her  raeary,  Ute 
ven'  beaa4deal  of  a  proud  Italian  Diatroa  of  tt»e  ftfleenUi 
eenturjr.  wboee  offer  to  poison  Ronieo  in  revenge  Tor  the 
death  of  Tybalt  stamps  her  with  one  very  etiaracterbtle 
tnit  of  the  aa*  and  coaotiy.  Yet  ibe  love*  her  dausblar. 
and  there  I*  a  touch  of  remorwful  tendemew  In  her 
laaaentatloa  over  her.— Mm  Jameson. 

(Lord  C^pulet  was  about  60.  He  had 
"left  off  masking*'  for  above  thirty 
years  (act  i.  sc.  5),  and  lady  Oipulet  waa 
only  28,  aa  ahe  tells  the  nurse;  but 
her  daughter  Juliet  was  a  marriageable 
woman.) 

The  Toftthof  ail  the  Capulets,  Burke* 
in  a  letter  to  Matthew  Smith,  says :  "  I 
would  rather  sleep  in  the  comer  of  a 
little  country  church-}'ard  than  in  the 
tomb  of  all  the  Capulets."  It  does  not 
occur  in  Shakespeare. 

Capya,  a  blind  old  seer,  who  pro- 
phesied to  Romulus  the  militaiy  trium|di8 
of  Rome  from  its  foundation  to  the  de- 
struction of  CJarthage. 

In  the  hall-«ataeat  Capjra, 
Capvs  the  itehtlea  mer ; 
From  bead  to  foot  he  tranibled 

As  Romuhn  drew  near. 
And  op  stood  stiff  his  thin  white  hair. 
And  his  blind  ere*  OubM  ftre. 
Lord  Maeanlaf.  lays  ^Amet«ntM0mm{"Tb»  Prophwy 
ofCap7«.*«L)L 

Car'abas  (Le  marquis  <fe),  an  hypo- 
thetical title  to  express  a  fossilized  old 
aristocrat,  who  supposed  the  whole  world 
made  for  his  behoof.  The  **  king  owes 
bis  throne  to  him ;  **  he  can  "  trace  his 
pedigree  to  Pepin  ;  **  his  youngest  son  is 
"  sure  of  a  mitre ;  **  he  is  too  noble  "  to 
{Mty  taxes ;  *'  the  very  priests  share  their 
tithes  with  him ;  the  country  was  made 
for  his  "  hunting-ground  ;  **  and,  there- 
fore, as  B^ranger  says : 

Cbapeao  b**l  diapeaaba*! 
Oloiie  an  maniuls  d*  Owafaas ! 

The  name  occurs  in  Perrault*s  tnle  of 
Puss  m  Boots,  but  it  is  B^rangcr's  song 
(1816)  which  has  given  the  word  its 
present  meaning. 

Carao'ci  of  France,  Jean  Jouve- 
net,  who  waa  paralyzed  on  the  right  side, 
and  painted  with  hia  left  hand  (1647- 
i''07). 

Carao'taous  or  Caradoc,  king  oi 
t!)«  Sil'urCs  {Moninuuthshirc,  etc.).     rur 


■Ml 


CABACUL. 


160 


CARDS  OF  COMPLIMENT. 


nine  jfttn  he  withstood  the  Roman  anns, 
bat  being  defeated  by  Otto'rius  Scap'uia, 
the  Roman  general,  he  escaped  to  Bri- 
gantia  ( Yorkshire^  etc,)  to  crave  the  aid 
of  Cartbisman'doa  (or  Cartimandua),  a 
Roman  matron  married  to  Yenu'tius, 
chief  of  those  parts.  Carthismandoa 
lictrayed  him  to  the  Romans,  a.d.  47. — 
Richard  of  Cirencester,  Ancient  State  of 
Britain,  i.  6,  23. 

Caraaoc  was  led  captive  to  Rome,  a.d. 
61,  and,  stmck  with  the  grandeur  of  that 
city,  exclaimed,  "  Is  it  possible  that  A 
people  so  wealthy  and  inxurions  can 
envy  me  a  humble  cottage  in  Britain  ?  *' 
Claudius  the  emperor  was  so  charmed 
with  his  manly  spirit  and  bearing  that 
he  released  him  and  craved  his  mend- 
ship. 

Drayton  says  that  Caradoc  went  to 
Rome  with  body  naked,  hair  to  the  waist, 
girt  with  a  chain  of  steel,  and  his 
"manly  breast  enchased  with  sundry 
shapes  of  beasts.  Both  his  wife  and 
children  were  captives,  and  walked  with 
him.**— Po/yo/Wbn,  viii.  (1612). 

Caracul  (i.^.  CaraoaHay,  son  and 
successor  of  Severus  the  Roman  em- 
peror. In  A. D.  210  he  made  an  expedition 
against  the  Caledo'nians,  but  was  de^ 
fcated  bv  Fingal.  Aur^lius  Antonlnoi 
was  called  *'Caracalla"  because  he 
adopteil  the  Gaulish  caraoaiia  in  pre- 
ference to  the  Roman  toga, — Ossian, 
ComcUa, 

Tbe  Caracal  of  Ftngal  Is  no  otb«r  than  Oancalk,  vho 
(w  Uw  MM)  oT  Sereniii)  th«  emperor  of  Rome  .  .  .  wm 
not  without  reuoD  called  "The  Son  of  tbe  King  of  the 
World."  Thto  WM  A.P.  aid.— /Hwercnrten  »w  Oe  Mm  qf 
OmtttH. 

Caraouliamntx),  the  hypothetical 
giant  of  the  island  of  Malindra'ma, 
whom  don  Quixoto  imagines  he  may  one 
day  conouer  and  make  to  kneel  at  the 
foot  of  nis  imaginary  lady-love.^Her- 
vantos,  Don  Quixote,  I.  i.  1  (1606). 

Car'adoo  or  Cradook,  a  knight 
of  the  Round  Table.  He  was  husband 
of  the  only  lady  in  the  queen's  train  who 
could  wear  '*  the  mantle  of  matrimonial 
ddelity."  This  mantle  fitted  only  chasto 
and  virtuous  wives;  thus,  when  queen 
Guenever  tried  it  on — 

One  while  It  was  too  long,  another  while  too  abort, 
And  wrinkled  on  her  ihonlders  In  moat  unaeemi)'  sort. 
TvKf,  lUUqun  ("Boy  and  the  Maotla,**  III.  UL  18). 

^  Caradoc  and  the  Boar's  Head.  The 
boy  who  brought  tlie  test  mantle  of 
fidelity  to  king  Arthur's  court,  drew  a 
wand  three  times  across  a  boar's  head, 
and  said,  **  There's  never  a  cuckold  who 
can  carve  that  head  of  brawn."    Knight 


after  knight  made  the  attempt,  bat  only 
sir  Cradock  could  carve  tbe  brawn. 

Sir  Cradoc  and  the  Drinkiiuj-hom,  The 
boy  furthermore  brought  forth  a  drink- 
ing-horn, and  said,  *'No  cuckold  can 
dnnk  from  that  horn  without  spilling  the 
liquor."  Only  Cradock  succeeded,  and 
**  he  wan  the  golden  can." — Percy,  Reliqum 
(**  Boy  and  the  Mantle,"  III.  iii.  18). 

Caradoo  of  Itfen^wygent,  the 
ounger  bard  of  Gwenwyn  prince  of 
owys-land.      The  elder   bard    of   the 

§rince  was  Cadwallon. — Sir  .W.  Scott, 
"he  Betrothed  (time,  Henry  II.). 

Oar'atach  or  Caracfiacus,  a  Britiah 
king  brought  captive  before  tne  emperor 
Claudius  in  a.i>.  62.  Ha  had  been  be- 
trayed bv  Cartimandua.  Claudius  set 
him  at  liberty. 


I 


And  Bemimontrs  BOfferad  Oarateeh 
A  tragedy  eompUiis  eacept  la 
BarroB.  BmgttA  Banlt  and  fioeldb 


(1809). 


(Bjrron  alludes  to  the  *' spectacle"  of 
Caractacus  produced  by  Thomas  Sheri- 
dan at  Drury  Lane  Theatre.  It  was 
Beanmont^s  tragedy  uf  Bonduoa,  minus 
the  dialogue.) 


IMsfM  [1791^1786]  was  Uta  vwr  ahnhita  "Qaratadi.'* 
Tbe  solid  bulk  of  nis  ftiune.  his  action,  his  roloe,  all 
aaatked  him  with  idaatity.— BoMlaa,  i4/0^aud*mi. 

Car'athis,  mother  of  the  caliph 
Vathek.  She  was  a  Greek,  and  induced 
her  son  to  study  necromancy,  held  in 
abhorrence  by  all  good  Mussulmans. 
When  her  son  threatened  to  put  to  deatli 
every  one  who  attempted  without  sncceaa 
to  read  the  inscription  of  certain  sabres, 
Canthis  wisely  said,  *'  Content  yourself, 
my  son,  with  commanding  their  bearda 
to  be  biumt.  Beards  are  less  essential  to 
a  stato  than  men."  She  was  ultimately 
carried  bv  an  afrit  to  the  abyss  of  Eblis, 
in  punishment  of  her  many  crimes. — 
W.Beckford,  Vathek  {17M). 

Carau'oiuB.  the  first  British  em* 
peror  (287-294).  His  full  name  was 
Marcus  Aurelius  Valerius  Caransius,  and 
as  emperor  of  Britain  he  was  accepted 
by  Diocletian  and  Maxim'ian ;  but  after 
a  vigorous  reign  of  seven  years,  he  was 
assassinated  by  AUectus,  who  succeeded 
him  as  **  emperor  of  Britain."  —  See 
Gibbon,  Decline  and  Fall,  etc,  ii.  18. 

Cafds  of  Compliment.  When 
it  was  customary  to  fold  down  part  of 
an  address  card,  the  strict  rule  was  this : 
Right  hand  bottcmi  comer  turned  down 
meant  a  Personal  call.  Right  hand  top 
comer  turned  down  meant  Condolence. 


CARDAN. 


ICl 


nAIHTRR, 


Ul  band  bottom  ecmner  tunwd  down 
BcoDt  Gongmtalstion. 

Car'dan  {Jcrdme)  of  Pa'via  (1501- 
1576),  a  great  mathematacian  «id  astro- 
loger. He  professed  to  have  a  demon  or 
fifoiliar  spirit,  who  revealed  to  hin  the 
nerets  of  nature. 

dU  |«ar  Ckadu  aad  your  Ptolgmy  taO  you  f 

loatMius  [tw  mttr«- 


T«» 


/«rX0MwlT.(iaW). 

Carde'nio  of  Andalnsi'aj  of  opnlent 
pannts,  fell  in  love  with  I^tcinda,  a  lady 
of  eqval  family  and  fortune,  to  whom  he 
va0  formally  engaged.  Don  Fernando, 
Ids  friend,  however,  prevailed  on  Locin- 
da*B  father,  by  artifice,  to  break  off  the 
•Dgagemcnt  and  promise  Lacinda  to 
fcmwtf,  "contrary  to  her  wish,  and  in 
violation  of  every  principle  of  honour.** 
This  drove  Cardenio  mad,  and  he  haunted 
tte  Siena  Morftia  or  Brown  Mountain 
for  about  six  months,  as  a  maniac  witii 
bnd  intervals.  On  the  wedding  day 
Tariwda  swooned,  and  a  letter  informed 
the  bridegroom  thai  she  was  married  to 
Ondcnio.  Next  day  she  privately  left 
ber  fsther's  honse^  and  took  refuge  in  a 
coBTcnt;  bat  bemg  abducted  by  don 
Feraaado,  she  was  carried  to  an  inn, 
where  Fernando  found  Dorothea  his  wife, 
sod  Cardenio  the  husband  of  Lucinda. 
All  parties  were  now  reconciled,  and  the 
tvo  gentlemen  paired  respectively  with 
their  proper  wives.  —  Cervantes,  Ihn 
Quixote,  I.  iv.  (1605). 

Gar'dnal  or  Kar'tel,  Cariisle,  the 
riaee  wiiere  Merlin  prepared  the  Bound 
Table. 

Oare,  described  v  a  blacksmith,  who 
*'worked  all  night  and  day.**  HU 
hdlows,  says  Spenser,  are  Pensiveness 
sad  Sighs.~/c«2^  Queen,  iv.  5  (1596). 

Careless,  one  of  the  boon  com- 
panions of  Qiarles  Surface. — Sheridan, 
Sckooifor  Sixmdal  (1777). 

Careless  (Cohnd),  an  officer  of  high 
spirits  and  mirthful  temper,  who  seeks  to 
▼in  Ruth  (^e  daughter  of  sir  Basil 
ThoroQghgood)  for  his  wife. — ^T.  Knight, 
The  Home$t  Thieves. 

Ibis  farce  is  a  mere  rSchauff€  of  The 
CfmmUi€e,  by  the  Hon.  sir  K.  Howard. 
The  names  "colonel  Careless"  and 
"Rath** are  the  same,  but  " Ruth **  says 
ber  proper  Christian  name  is  "  Anne.** 

Oarelem,  in  T\e  Committee,  was  the  part 
for  whidi  Joseph  Aahbnry  (1638-1720) 
VIS  celebratedL  Chsiwood,  Biatory  of 
^  Stage. 


{Tke  Committee,  recast  by  T.  Kni^il^ 
is  caUed  The  Honest  Thieves.) 

Careless  {Ned),  makes  love  to  lady 
Pliant.— W.  Congreve,  The  Double  Dealer 
(1700). 

Careless  Husband  ( The),  a  comedy 
by  CoUey  Cibber  (1704).  The  "careless 
husband'*  is  sir  Charles  Easy,  who  has 
amours  with  different  persons,  but  is  so 
careless  that  he  leaves  his  loye-letten 
about,  and  even  forgets  to  lock  the  do<w 
when  he  has  made  a  liaison,  so  that  his 
wife  knows  all;  yet  so  sweet  is  her 
temper,  and  under  such  entire  control, 
that  she  never  reproaches  him,  nor  shows 
the  slightest  indication  of  jealousy.  Her 
confidence  so  wins  upon  her  husband  that 
he  confesses  to  her  his  faults,  and  reforms 
entirely  the  evil  of  hisways. 

Cartoie  (Jean  de),  chef  de  cuisine  ot 
Leo  X.  This  was  a  name  given  him  by 
the  pope  for  an  admirable  souve  maigre 
whidi  he  invented  for  Lent.  A  descendant 
of  Je«i  was  chef  to  the  prince  regent,  at 
a  salary  of  £1000  per  annum,  but  he  left 
this  situation  because  the  prince  had  only 
a  manage  bourgeois,  and  entered  the  ser- 
vice of  baron  RothschUd  at  Paris  (1784- 
1888). 

Carer  (Patrick),  the  poet,  brother  of 
lord  FaiUdand,  introduced  by  sir  W. 
Scott  in  Woodstock  (time,  Common- 
wealth). 

Car^ffill  (The  Ben.  Josidh),  minister 
of  St.  Konan*s  Well,  tutor  of  the  Hon. 
Augustus  Bidmore  (2  syl.),  and  the  suitor 
of  Miss  Augusta  Bidmore,  his  pupiFs 
sister.— Sir  W.  Scott,  St.  Ronan's  Well 
(time,  George  III.). 

Car'ibee  Islands  (London),  now 
CHiandos  Street.  It  was  called  the 
Caribee  Islands  from  its  countiess  stnuts 
and  intricate  thieves*  passages. 

Cari'no,  father  of  Zeno'cia  the  chaste 
troth-plight  wife  of  Amoldo  (the  lady 
dishonourably  pursued  by  the  governor 
count  Clodio). — Beaumont  and  Fletdier, 
The  Custom  of  the  Country  (1647). 

Car'ker  (James),  manager  in  the 
house  of  Mr.  Dombey,  merchant.  Carker 
was  a  man  of  40,  of  a  florid  complexion, 
wiUi  very  glistening  white  teeth,  which 
showed  conspicuously  when  he  spoke. 
His  smile  was  like  "  the  snarl  of  a  cat.** 
He  was  tbe  Alas'tor  of  the  house  of 
Dombey,  for  he  not  only  brought  the 
firm  to  bankruptcy,  but  be  seducM  Allct 


CARLEGION. 


192 


CARMILHAN. 


Manrood  (cousin  of  Edith,  Dombey^s 
second  wife)  and  also  induced  Edith  to 
elope  with  him.  Edith  left  the  wretch  at 
Dijon,  and  Carker,  returning  to  England, 
was  run  over  by  a  railway  train  and 
kiUed. 

John  Carker,  the  elder  brother,  a  junior 
clerk  in  the  same  firm.  He  twice  robbed 
it  and  was  forgiven. 

Harriet  Corker,  a  gentle,  beautiful 
young  won^an,  who  married  Mr.  Morfin, 
one  of  the  employes  in  the  house  of  Mr. 
Dombey,  merchant.  When  her  elder 
brother  John  fell  into  disgrace  by  robbing 
his  employer,  Harriet  left  Uie  house  of 
her  brother  James  (the  manager)  to  live 
with  and  cheer  her  disgraced  brother 
John. — C.  Dickens,  Ihtnbey  and  Son 
(1846). 

Carle'g:ion  (4  tyl,)  or  Cair-Id'eion, 
Chester,  or  the  **  fortress  upon  Dee. 

r.cdledofold 


Dnjrton.  PdnoOimk,  il.  (161S). 

Carle'ton  (Captain),  an  officer  in  the 
Guards.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Feveril  of  the 
Peak  (time,  Charles  11.). 

Carlisle  (Frederick  Howard,  earl  of), 
uncle  and  guardian  of  lord  Byron  (1748- 
1826).  His  tragedies  are  The  Father's 
Scvenge  and  BelTamere, 

Tbc  paralytic  palii«  of  Ckrllde  .  .  . 
Lord.  rfaynMMler.  t^U-mtUr*.  pamphletoar. 
Qrron.  MmgUth  Bard*  amd  SootA  KtHMMn  (IBM). 

Carlos,  elder  son  of  don  Antonio, 
and  the  ftivourite  of  his  paternal  uncle 
Lewis.  Carlos  is  a  great  bookworm, 
but  when  he  foils  in  love  with  Angelina, 
he  throws  off  his  diffidence  and  b^mes 
bold,  resolute,  and  manly.  His  younger 
brother  is  Clodio,  a  mere  coxcomb. — 
C.  abber.  Love  Make*  a  Man  (1694). 

Car'los  (under  the  assumed  name  of  the 
marouis  D'Antas)  married  Ogari'ta,  but 
as  the  marriage  was  affected  under  a 
false  name  it  was  not  binding,  and 
Ogarita  left  Carlos  to  marry  Horace  de 
Brienne.  Carlos  was  a  great  Anllain :  He 
murdered  a  man  to  st^  from  him  the 
plans  of  some  Califomian  mines.  Then 
embarking  in  the  Urania,  he  induced  the 
crew  to  rebel  in  order  to  obtain  mastery 
of  the  ship.  "Gold  was  the  object  of  his 
desire,  and  ^old  he  obtained."  Ultimately, 
his  villaimes  being  discovered,  he  was 

given  up  to  the  hands  of  justice. — E. 
tirling.  The  Orphan  of  the  Frozen  Sea 
(1866). 

Carios  (Don)f  son    of    Philip    II.  of 
Portugal;   deformed  in  pexoon,  violent 


and  vindictive  in  disposition.  Don  Culoil 
was  to  have  married  Elizabeth  of  FraaoOy 
but  his  father  supplanted  him.  Sub- 
sequently he  expected  to  marry  the  arch' 
duchess  Anne,  daughter  of  tlie  emperor 
Maximilian,  but  her  father  opposea  the 
match.  In  1564  Philip  II.  settled  the 
succession  on  Rodolph  and  Ernest,  hia 
nephews,  declaring  Carlos  incapable. 
This  drove  Carlos  mto  treason,  and  he 

i'oined  the  Netherlandcrs  in  a  war  against 
lis  &ther.  He  was  apprehended  and 
condemned  to  death,  but  was  killed  in 
prison.  This  has  furnished  the  subject 
of  several  tragedies:  i,€,  Otway's  Dom 
Carlos  (1672)  in  English ;  those  of  J.  G.  de 
Campistron  (1683)  and  M.  J.  de  Chilfnier 
(1789)  in  French  ;  J.  C.  F.  Schiller  (1798) 
in  German ;  Alfieri  in  Italian,  about  the 
same  time. 

Car'los  (Don),  the  friend  of  don  Alonzo, 
and  the  betroUied  husband  of  Leono'ra, 
whom  he  resigns  to  Alonzo  out  of  friend- 
ship. After  marriage,  Zanga  inducee 
Alonzo  to  believe  that  Leonora  and  don 
Carlos  entertain  a  criminal  love  for  eack 
other,  whereupon  Alonzo  out  of  jealouay 
has  Carlos  put  to  death,  and  Leonom 
kills  herself. — Edward  Young,  Th§ 
Revenge  (1721). 

Carlos  (Don),  husband  of  doniui 
Victoria.  He  gave  the  deeds  of  his  wife*t 
estate  to  donna  Laura,  a  courtezan,  and 
Victoria,  in  order  to  recover  them,  assumed 
tiie  disguise  of  a  man,  took  the  name  of 
Florio,  and  nuuie  love  to  her.  Ha\'inff 
secured  a  footing,  Florio  introduced 
Caspar  as  the  wealthy  uncle  of  Victoria, 
and  Gaspar  told  Laura  the  deeds  in  her 
hand  were  utterly  worthless.  Laura  in  a 
fit  of  temper  tore  them  to  atoms,  and 
thus  Carlos  recovered  the  estate,  and  was 
rescued  from  impending  ruin. — Mrs. 
Cowley,  A  Bold  Stroke  for  a  Htuband 
(1782). 

Carlton    (Admiral    George),  Georg^ 

IV.,  author  of   The   Voyage' of m 

search    of    Loyalty,    a    poetic    epistle 
(1820). 

Oft.WTni11ia.n  the  "phantom  ship.** 
The  captain  of  wis  ship  swore  he  would 
double  the  Cape,  whether  God  willed  it 
or  not,  for  whidi  impious  vow  he  was 
doomed  to  abide  for  ever  and  ever  captain 
in  the  same  vessel,  which  always  appears 
near  the  Cape,  but  never  doubles  it.  Tfae 
kobold  of  the  phantom  ship  is  named 
Klabot'erman,  a  kobold  who  helps 
sailors  at  their  work,  but  beats    those 


CARO. 


163 


CARPILLONA. 


wbo  are  idle.  When  a  Teasel  is  doomed, 
the  kolMld  appears  smoking  a  short  pipe, 
dreaied  in  yellow,  and  wearing  a  night- 
cap. 

Caro,  tiie  Flesh  or  "natural  man** 
penooified.  Phineas  Fletcher  says  **  this 
oam  of  iin  **  is  a  hag  of  loathsome  shape, 
arrayed  in  steel,  polished  externally,  but 
rasty  within.  On  her  shield  is  the  device 
of  a  mermaid,  with  the  motto,  **  Hear, 
Gaze,  and  Die."— 27kf  Purple  Mandy  vii. 
(14533). 

Carooium,  the  banner  of  the  Mi- 
lanae,  having  for  device  '*  St.  Ambrose,** 
tte  patron  saint  of  Milan.  It  was 
moontod  on  an  iron  tree  with  iron  leaves, 
and  the  sammit  of  tiie  tree  was  sur- 
■ennted  by  a  large  cross.  The  whole 
was  raised  on  a  red  car,  drawn  by  four 
nd  bulls  with  red  harness.  Mass  was 
always  said  before  the  car  started,  and 
GnioefoUe  tells  as,  **tonte  la  c^ri^monie 
etait  one  imitation  de  Tarche  d*alliance 
des  Israelites.** 


Atelt  an  mQleii,  antoarrf  d* 

i|ai  mtaktut  nub  4  la  vie  i  l»  mart  poor 

D  J  avaic  aneore  pour  at  pude  on  hataUkm 

riiwtw^  da  MS  avallan.— ia  Bataittm  4» 

MaLllTSL 

Caroline,  qaeen-conaortof  Geome  II., 
intiodoced  by  sir  W.  Scott  in  The  Heart 
of  MidUUhian.  Jeanie  Deans  has  an 
raterriew  with  her  in  Uie  gardens  at  Rich- 
Bond,  and  her  majesty  promises  to  inter- 
cede with    the  king   for  EflSe  Deans's 


Caros  or  Carausius,  a  Roman 
captain,  native  of  Belgic  Gaul.  The 
oaperor  Maximian  employed  Caros  to 
defend  the  coast  of  Gaul  against  the 
Fiaaks  and  Saxons.  He  acquired  great 
wealth  afvi  power,  bat  fearii^^  to  excite 
the  jealousy  of  Maximian,  he  sailed 
for  Britain,  where  (in  a.d.  287)  he  caused 
kiaiself  to  be  proclaimed  emperor.  Caros 
resisted  all  attempts  of  the  Romans  to 
£stodge  him,  so  that  they  ultimately 
admowledged  his  independence.  He 
repaired  Agricola*8  wall  to  obstruct  the 
incorsions  ot  the  Caledonians,  and  while  he 
was  employed  on  this  work  was  attacked 
by  a  puty  commanded  by  Oscar,  son  of 
Oistan  and  grandson  of  Fingal.  "The 
warriom  of  CSiros  fled,  and  Oscar  remained 
like  a  rock  left  by  the  ebbing  sea.** — 
Osaan,  The  War  of  Caroa, 

b  the     .  .  noted  unrpar 
la  tba  jear  S87.  aud 
iparar  Maxtrolnlan 
lU.  whldi  civa  pro- 
of Bhipa."— INawr- 


Car'ove  (3  sy/.),  "a  story  without 
an  end.** — Mrs.  Austin,  Transiation, 

I  BUMt  get  on.  or  mjr  raadan  win  autkJpata  that  nf 
ttoTj,  like  CMtiin6'a  more  calebrated  one.  will  prove  a 
"story  wlUMxit  im  eod."— W.  J.  Tbonu.  Jfotn  and 
QtmrUa,  March  M,  1877 

Carpathian  Wizard  (The),  Pro- 
teus (2  8i/L)j  who  lived  in  the  island  of 
C^r'pftthos,  in  the  Archipelago.  He  was 
a  wizard,  who  could  change  his  form  at 
will.  Being  the  sea-god's  shepherd,  he 
carried  a  crook. 

lag]  Um  Oaipathlan  wlaanTs  book  [erwOil 

MUtoa.  Oomtu,  87t  {Mi). 

Carpet  (Prmoe  ffotuam's),  a  magic 
carpet,  to  all  appearances  quite  worthless, 
but  it  would  transport  any  one  who  sat  on 
it  to  any  part  of  Uie  world  in  a  moment. 
This  carpet  is  sometimes  called  **the 
magi(;  carpet  of  Tangu,*'  because  it  came 
from  Tangu,  in  Persia. — Arabkm  Nights 
("Prince  Ahmed*'). 

Carpet  (Solomon's),  Solomon  had  a 
groen  silk  carpet,  on  which  his  throne  was 
set.  This  carpet  was  large  enough  for  all . 
his  court  to  stand  on;  human  beings 
stood  on  the  right  side  of  the  throne,  and 
spirits  on  the  left.  When  Solomon 
wished  to  travel  he  told  the  wind  where 
to  set  him  down,  and  the  carpet  with  all 
its  contents  rose  into  the  air  and  alighted 
at  the  proper  |)lace.  In  hot  weather  the 
birds  of  the  air,  with  outspread  wings, 
formed  a  canopy  over  the  whole  party. — 
Sale,  JCordtif  xxvii.  notes. 

Carpet  Kniglit  (A),  a  civil,  not  a 
military  kni^t. 

Qirpet  Knights  are  men  vbo  are.  by  the  nrlneeTi 
graee  aud  fkvour.  nude  kiiighta  at  home  and  In  ue  thne 
of  peace.  b>  the  iiuporitioii  or  hijrfug  on  of  the  king's 
•wurd.  having,  by  Kme  spachd  service  done  to  the  com- 
uonweaiUi.  d«iiennd  this  title  aud  dignitjr.  Thejr  are 
called  "Carpet  KnlghU"  because  they  receive  their 
honour  in  the  court,  and  upon  carpeU  [and  not  in  tba 
battie-ftekl].— Fimiids  Markham.  Book*^  honour  (ISSS). 

Carpillona  (.Princess),  the  daughter 
of  Subli'mus  king  of  the  Peaceable 
Islands.  Sublimus,  bein^  dethroned  by  a 
usurper,  was  with  his  wife,  child,  and  a 
foundling  boy,  thrown  into  a  dungeon, 
and  kept  there  for  three  years.  The  four 
captives  then  contrived  to  escape ;  but 
the  rope  which  held  the  basket  in  which 
Carpillona  was  let  down,  snapped 
asunder,  and  she  fell  into  the  lake. 
Sublimus  and  the  other  two  lived  in 
retirement  as  a  shepherd  family,  and 
Carpillona,  being  rescued  by  a  fisherman, 
was  brought  up  by  him  as  his  daughter. 
When  the  "Humpbacked"  Prince  de- 
throned the  usurper  of  the  Peaceable 
Islands,  Carpillona  was  one  of  the  cap- 


CARPIO, 


164 


CARTHAGE. 


tiyes,  and  the  "  Humpbacked "  Prince 
wanted  to  make  her  his  wife  ;  but  she  fled 
in  disguise,  and  came  to  the  cottage 
home  of  Sublimus,  where  she  fell  in  love 
with  his  foster-son,  who  proved  to  be  half- 
brother  of  the  "Humpbacked"  Prince. 
Ultimately,  Carpi  Uona  married  the  found* 
ling,  and  eadi  succeeded  to  a  kingdom. — 
Comtesse  D'Aunoy,  Fairy  Talez  (**  Prin- 
cess Carpillona,"  1682). 

Oar'pio  {Bernardo  del),  natural  son  of 
don  Sancho,  and  dofia  Ximena,  sumamed 
"The  Chaste."*  It  was  Bernardo  del 
Carpio  who  slew  Roland  at  Roncesvallds 
(4  8iy/.).  In  Spanish  romance  he  is  a 
Tery  conspicuous  figure. 

Oarras'co  {Sanuon)^  son  of  Bartholo- 
mew Carrasco.  He  is  a  licentiate  of  much 
natural  humour,  who  flatters  don  Qtlixote, 
and  persuades  him  to  undertake  a  second 
tour. 

HsvM«boatM]r«Dioraci.oraiMdeeomplcilon.  and 
bad  food  taleuU  Hb  noM  waa  rwnarkaWy  flal.  and  hli 
mouth  remarkabljr  wIde.-OenrantM.  Don  QuixaU,  U.  L 
a  (1815). 

H«  Bfiay  perhapi  boMt .  .  .  aa  tba  badiclor  fianwoo 
Ovrawo,  of  flxinffUMVMther-cook  La  Oiialda  of  8i?rf lla. 
fbr  weelu.  mon^  or  rean.  Uiat  li.  for  a>  kmg  lu  the 
wfaid  ahall  anlfonnlT  blow  fhm  ona  qiiaitflr.--8lr  W. 
Soott 

(The  allusion  is  to  Ihn  Quixote,  II.  i. 

14.) 

Carric-Thura,  in  the  Orkney  Islands, 
the  palace  of  king  CathuUa.  It  is  the 
title  of  one  of  the  Ossian  poems,  the 
subject  being  as  follows  :— -Fingal,  going 
on  a  visit  to  Cathulla  king  of  ^e  Ork- 
neys, observes  a  signal  of  distress  on  the 
palace,  for  Frothal,  king  of  Sora,  had 
invested  it.  Whereupon,  Fingal  puts  to 
flight  the  besieging  army,  and  overthrows 
Frothal  in  single  combat ;  but  just  as  his 
sword  was  raised  to  slay  the  fallen  king, 
Utha,  disguised  in  armour,  interposed. 
Her  shield  and  helmet  "flying  wide," 
revealed  her  sex,  and  Fingal  not  only 
spared  Frothal,  but  invited  him  and 
Ltha  to  the  palace,  where  they  passed  the 
night  in  banquet  and  in  song.— Ossian, 
Carrio-TTiura, 

Carril,  the  grev-headed  son  of  Kin- 
fe'na  bard  of  Cuthullin,  general  of  the 
Irish  tribes. — OssiaOj  I^ngai, 

Carrillo  (fyay)  was  never  to  be 
found  in  his  own  cell,  according  to  a 
famous  Spanish  epigram. 

like  riajr  OurfflOt 
The  oiiljr  plaee  In  wbkb  one  cannot  And  him 
bhliovnoeU. 

LongMlov,  Tk0  apatUik  StudmU,  L  S. 

Car'rol,  deputy  usher  at  KonilwurCh  | 


Castle.— Sir  W.  Scott,  KenUwrrtk  (i 
Elizabeth). 

Car'stone  (^Richard),  cousin  of  Ada 
Clare,  both  bemg  wards  in  Chancery, 
interested  in  the  great  suit  of  "  Jamdyc« 
V,  Jamdyce."  Richard  Carstone  is  a 
"  handsome  youth,  about  19,  of  ingenuous 
^e,  and  with  a  most  engaging  laugh.** 
He  marries  his  cousin  Ada,  and  lives  in 
hope  that  the  suit  will  soon  terminate 
and  make  him  rich.  In  the  mean  time,  he 
tries  to  make  two  ends  meet,  flrst  by  the 

Erofession  of  medicine,  then  by  that  of 
tw,  then  by  the  army ;  but  the  rollini^ 
stone  gathers  no  moss,  and  the  poor 
fellow  dies  with  the  sickness  of  hope 
deferred.— C.  Dickens,  Bleak  House  (ISbS). 

Cartapb'ilus,  the  Wandering  Jew 
of  Jewish  story.  Tradition  says  he  was 
door-keeper  of  the  judgment  hall,  in  the 
'service  of  Pontius  rilate,  and,  as  he  led 
our  Lord  from  the  judgment  hall,  struck 
Him,  saying,  " Get  on!  Faster,  Jesus ! ** 
Whereupon  the  Man  of  Sorrows  replied, 
"  I  am  going  fest,  Cartaphilus ;  but  tairy 
thou  till  I  come  again."  After  the  cmci- 
fixion,  Cartaphilus  was  baptized  by  the 
same  Anani'as  who  baptized  Paul,  and 
received  the  name  of  Joseph.  At  the 
close  of  every  century  he  falls  into  a 
trance,  and  wakee  up  after  a  time  a 
young  man  about  80  years  of  age. — Book 
of  the  Chronicles  of  the  Abbey  of  St, 
Albans, 

(This  "book"  was  copied  and  o<mi- 
tinned  by  Matthew  Paris,  and  contains 
the  earliest  account  of  the  Wandering 
Jew,  A.D.  1228.  In  1242  Philip  Mouskes, 
afterwards  bishop  of  TCumay,  wrote  the 
"rhymed  chronicle.*') 

Carter  (Mrs.  Deborah),  housekeeper 
to  Surplus  the  lawyer. — J.  M.  Morton, 
A  Regular  Fix, 

Car'tha^  (2  syl,).  When  Dido 
came  to  Africa  she  bought  of  the  natives 
"  as  much  land  as  could  be  encompassed 
with  a  buirs  hide.**  Tlie  a^preement  bein^ 
made,  Dido  cut  the  hide  into  thongs,  so 
as  to  enclose  a  space  sufficiently  lai^ 
for  a  citadel,  which  she  called  Bursa 
"the  hide."  (Greek,  bursa,  "a  bull's 
hide.") 

The  following  is  a  similar  story  in 
Russian  history : — ^The  Takutsks  granted 
to  ^e  Russian  explorers  as  much  land  as 
they  could  encompass  with  a  cow*s  hide  ; 
but  the  Russians,  cutting  the  hide  into 
strips,  obtained  land  enough  for  the  town 
and  fort  which  they  called  Yakutsk. 


CABTHAGB  OF  THE  NOBTH.      Itf 


CASSANDRA* 


Carthage  of  the  XTorth.  I4ibeck 
VIS  to  calkd  what  it  was  the  head  of  the 


,Cartlion,  son  of  Cless'aininor  and 
Moina.  waa  bom  while  Clessammor  was 
m  fli^t^aod  his  mother  died  in  child- 
birth. When  he  waa  three  yean  old, 
Oomhal  (rragaTs  father)  took  and  burnt 
Mrlntha  (a  town  belonging  to  the 
Britons,  on  the  Clyde),  bnt  Carthon  was 
euned  away  sa&ly  by  his  nurse.  When 
fBswB  to  nuui'a  eatate,  Carthon  resolved 
to  revenge  this  attack  on  Baldutha,  and 
secoBdimrly  invaded  Morven,  Uie  king- 
dom of  nngaL  After  overthrowing  two 
ol  Trngal^s  heroes.  Carthon  was  slain  by 
bit  own  father,  who  knew  him  not ;  but 
vhcn  Qeasammor  learnt  that  it  was  his 
ova  son  whom  he  had  sLun,  he  mourned 
Ck  him  three  davs,  and  on  the  fourth  he 
4ied.— Ossian,  VartAom, 

Carton  (Sydney),  a  friend  of  Charles 
Dtmay,  whoni  he  personally  resembled, 
^fdney  Cuton  loved  Lncie  If  anette,  but, 
bioving  of  her  attachment  to  Damay, 
never  attempted  to  win  her.  Her  friend- 
ddp,  however,  called  out  his  good 
<|iniitics,  and  oe  nobly  died  instead  ot 
bii  friend.— a  Dickens,  A  Talc  of  7Vh> 
GHa  (1859). 

Cartouche^  an  eightecntii  oentnrr 
highwayman.  He  is  the  French  Dick 
TarpiD. 

Gar^m,a  small  river  of  Sootland,now 
ttUsd  Carron,  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
•Apiook's  walL   The  word  means  "wind- 

HT 

Ca*ni8  {Sow),  in  GarUi*s  Dispentaryf 
■  Dr.  Tyson  (1649-1706). 

Caiyati'dea  (5  sy/.)  or  Carya'tea 
(^  ^W.),  female  figures  in  Greek  costume, 
Bied  in  aichitecture  to  support  entabia- 
te».  Ca'rya,  in  Arcadia,  mded  with  the 
I^nrisas  when  they  invaded  Greece,  so  after 
the  hsttle  of  Thermop^lio,  the  victorious 
GvKkt  destroyed  the  oty,  slew  the  men, 
and  made  the  women  sUves.  Praxit'el§s. 
to  perpetuate  the  disgrace,  emplo^red 
figves  of  Csiyan  women  witii  Persian 
Ben,  for  szchitectoral  oolnmna. 

Cas'oa,  a  blunt-witted  Boman.  and 
ooe  of  the  conspirators  who  assassmated 
intiiis  G«ar.  He  is  called  **  Honest 
Cues,**  meaning  plam-^tpoken. — Shake- 
■pcue,  JwUma  Qnar  {1607}. 

ffaaohViaaeh,    a    hideoos    genins, 
hawhhacked,  hune,  and  blind  of  one 


eye ;  with  six  horns  on  his  head,  and  bofli 
his  hands  and  feet  hooked."  The  fairy 
Maimou'n§  (3  syl.)  summoned  him  to  de- 
cide which  was  the  more  besutifid,  **  the 
prince  Camaral'zaman  or  the  princess 
Badou'ra,**  but  he  was  unable  to  deter^ 
mine  the  knotty  point. — Arabian  HigkU 
("  Camaralzaman  and  Badoura  "), 

Casella^  a  musician  and  friend  of 

ibe  poet  IHmtd,  introduced  in  bis  Pur- 

gatori/y  ii.     On  arriving  at  pnigatory,  the 

poet  sees  a  vessel  freighted  with  souls 

come  to  be  purged  of  their  sins  and  made 

fit  for  paradise ;  among  them  he  recognizes 

his  fn«id  Casella,  whom  he  "woos  to 

sing;"  whereupon,  Casella  repeats  with 

en<^anting    sweetness     the     words    of 

[Dant^'sl  second  canzone. 

DmiM  iImU  flire  rwM  kmra  to  Mt  tkM  hlfbv 
Than  hk  OMdbi.  whom  h*  irooed  to  ilnc, 
Mot  In  tho  Mikkr  ituMlM  of  pumtory. 

Mnton.  SoiMM«.  idU.  (To  H.  laww). 

CaiBket  Homer,  Alexander's  edition 
with  Aristotle's  notes.  So  called  because 
it  was  kept  in  a  golden  casket,  studded 
with  jewc^  port  of  the  spoil  which  fell 
into  the  haiids  of  Alexander  after  the 
batUe  of  Arbe'la. 

Cae'par,  master  of  the  horse  to  the 
baron  of  AmiM*itn.  Mentioned  in  Don- 
nerhugel's  narrative. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Aime  of  OtiersUm  (time,  Edward  lY.). 

Caspar,  a  man  who  sold  himself  to 
Za'mie)  the  Black  Huntsman.  The  ni^t 
before  the  expiration  of  his  life-lease,  he 
bargained  for  a  respite  of  three  vears,  on 
condition  of  bringing  Max  into  uie  power 
of  the  fiend.  On  the  da^  appointed  for 
the  prize-shooting,  lilax  aimed  at  a  dove 
but  killed  Caspar,  and  Zamiel  carried  off 
his  victim  to  "  his  own  place." — Weber's 
opera,  Ver  I^reischutz  (1»22). 

Cassan'dra^  daughter  of  Priam, 
gifted  with  the  power  of  prophecy ;  but 
Apollo,  whom  sue  had  offended,  cursed 
her  with  the  ban  **that  no  one  should 
ever  believe  her  predictions." — Shake- 
speare, Troilus  and  Crezsida  (1602). 

Mm  IteTT  la  cbanetm  of  gratoMi  «m  gneeftd, 
ooMa,  Md  (UgaiSwl ;  no  vtofaao*  of  pMrion  «m  bc^oad 


tbe rMcb  of  b«r  feelins.  mmI  In  the nxHt  nidtlngiliatrea 
•ad  tondemoi  iho  wm  nqoirltelr  affeetliig.  Tbin  riio 
WW  equaOjr  Mlinlrable  in  "  Uamndra,''  "deopatrn," 
"  BoiMM."  **  MoniAte."  or  "  B«lTid«».''-CL  UbdaTirte- 
tort  ^  th«  Stag*. 

*  «  "  Cassandra  "(2W>i/iMan</0»Muia, 
Shakespeare)  \  ** Cleopatra"  {Antony  and 
Cleopatra,  Shakespeare,  or  All  for  Lone, 
Dryden)  ;  **  Roxana  "  {Alexander  the 
Great,  Lee):  '*MonimU"  {The  Orphan, 
Otway) ;  ^Belvidera"  ( Vemoe  Prem^ 
Otway). 


CASSEL. 


166 


CASSIUS. 


Cassel  {Count)t  an  empty-headed, 
heartless,  conceited  pupp^,  who  pays 
court  to  Amelia  Wildenhaim,  but  is  too 
insvffarable  to  be  endrned.  He  tells  her 
he  *Meamt  delicacy  in  Italy,  hantcar  in 
Spain,  enterprise  in  France,  prudence  in 
Russia,  sinccri^  in  Englwid,  and  lore 
in  the  wilds  of  America,"  for  civilized 
nations  have  long  since  substituted  in- 
trigue for  love.--lnchbald.  Lovers"  Vows 
(1800),  altered  from  Kotzebue. 

CassL  the  inhabitants  of  Hertford- 
shire or  Cassio. — Cssar,  Commentaries. 

Cassib'ellaun  or  CassiVelan 
(probably  "  Caswallon  **),  brother  and 
successor  of  Lud.  He  was  king  of 
Britain  when  Julius  Ctesar  invaded  the 
island.  Geoffrey  of  Monmouth  says,  in 
his  British  History^  that  Cassibellaun 
routed  Oesar,  and  drove  blm  back  to 
Gaul  (bk.  iv.  3,  5).  In  Ciesar's  second  in- 
vasion, the  British  again  vanquished  him 
(ch.  7),  and  "sacrificed  to  their  gods  as 
a  thank-offering  40,000  cows,  100,000 
sheep,  30,000  wild  beasts,  and  fowls 
wiUiout  number  **  (ch.  8).  Androg'eus 
(4  «y/.)  "duke  of  Trinovantum,"  with 
5000  men,  having  joined  the  Roman  forces, 
Cassibellaun  was  worsted,  and  agreed  "to 
pav  8000  pounds  of  silver  yearly  in 
tribute  to  Rome."  Seven  vears  after  this 
Cassibellaun  died  and  was  buried  at  York. 

In  Shakespeare's  Cymbeiine  the  name  is 
called  "  Cassibelan." 

*«*  Polyienus    of    Macedon    tells    us 

that  Csesar  had  a  huge  elephant  armed 

with  scales  of  iron,  with  a  tower  on  its 

bock,  filled  with    archers  and    slingers. 

When  this  beast  entered  the  sea,  Cassi- 

velaunus  and  the  Britons,  who  had  never 

seen  an  elephant,  were  terrified,  and  iheir 

horses  fled  m  affright,  so  that  the  Romans 

were  able  to  land  without  molestation. — 

See  I>ra3rton*s  Polydbiony  viii. 

There  (he  hive  of  Roman  Uan  wonhip  a  ghittonooi  «n- 

pMTor- idiot 
Sqdi  to  Room  .  .  .  hear  It,  spirit  of  OHrivdaim. 

Tennjrion.  Beadieea. 

Cas'silane  (3  syl,),  general  of  Candy 
and  ^ther  of  AnnopheL — Laws  of  Oanag 
(1647). 

Cassim,  brother  of  Ali  Baba,  a 
Persian.  He  married  an  heiress  and  soon 
became  one  of  the  richest  merchants  of 
the  place.  When  he  discovered  that  his 
brotner  had  made  himself  rich  by  hoards 
from  the  robbera*  cave,  Cassim  took  ten 
mules  charged  with  panniers  to  carry  away 
part  of  the  same  booty.  "Open  Sesam^ !  ** 
oe  cried,  and  the  door  opened.    He  filled 


his  sacks,  but  forgot  tiie  magic  wdd. 
"  Open  Barley ! "  he  cried,  but  the  doov 
remained  closed.  Presently  the  robber 
band  returned,  and  cut  him  down  witli 
their  sabres.  They  then  hacked  the 
carcase  into  four  parts,  placed  them  near 
the  door,  and  left  Uie  cave.  Ali  Baba 
carried  off  the  body  and  had  it  decently 
interred. — Arabian  Nights  ("Ali  Bab* 
or  the  Forty  Thioves  ")• 

Cas'sio  (Michael),  a  Florentine, 
lieutenant  in  the  Venetian  army  under 
the  command  of  Othello.  Simple-minded 
but  not  strong-minded,  and  therefore 
easily  led  by  others  who  possessed  greater 
power  of  will.  Being  overcome  with 
wine,  he  engaged  in  a  street-brawl,  for 
which  he  was  suspended  b^  Othello,  but 
Desdemona  pleaded  for  his  restoration, 
lago  made  capital  of  this  intercession  to 
rouse  the  jealousy  of  the  Moor.  Cassio*a 
" almost"  wife  was  Bianca,  his  mistress* 
—Shakespeare,  OthcUo  (1611). 

"OMrio"  to  bnm,  tenevotont.  and  honcft.  nitoed  onljr 
by  hb  want  of  otubtwrnnaa  to  roitot  an  fauliUoui  invttft* 
tion.— Dr.  Jobnmn. 

Cassiodo'rus  (Marcus  Aftrelius),  a 
^^reat  statesman  and  learned  writer  of  the 
sixth  century,  who  died  at  the  age  of 
100,  in  A.D.  562.  He  filled  many  hi^h 
offices  under  Theod'oric,  but  ended  his 
days  in  a  convent. 

Ltotan  awhile  te  a  leaniod  prdectfoa 
On  MarcMt  Aurditn  CantodonMi. 

LongfcDow.  The  OoUtm  Ug0m£. 

Oastdope'ia,  wif^  of  Ce'phens 
(2  syl.)  king  of  Ethiopia,  and  mother  of 
Androm'eda.  She  boasted  herself  to  be 
foirer  than  the  sea-nymphs,  and  Neptune, 
to  punish  her,  sent  a  huge  sea-serpent  to 
ravage  her  husband's  kingdom.  At  death 
she  was  made  a  constellation,  consisting  of 
thirteen  stars,  the  largest  of  which  form 
a  "  chair"  or  imperfect  W. 

.  .  .  badjroQ  been 
Sphered  up  with  Caadopeia. 

Tonnyion,  Th9  PrUtceta,  It. 

Cassius,  instigator  of  the  conspiracy 
against  Julius  Oesar,  and  friend  of  Bru- 
tus.—Shakespeare,  Julius  Ccssar  (1607). 

BrutuM.  The  lait  of  aU  the  Romana.  fare  thee  weU  I 
It  to  Imposrfble  tliat  erer  Rome 
Phould  breed  thjr  fellow.    Friendi,  I  owe  more  taan 
To  this  dead  man  than  you  Aall  ne  me  pajr. 
I  shall  And  time.  Uadne.  I  ■haUfiiMl  time. 

AetT.  acS. 

Chariot  Ha}-ne  Tonng  trod  the  boardi  witk  freedook. 
Hit  countenance  waa  equally  wcO  adai^ed  fbr  tka  e>> 
pmrion  of  t<atboe  or  or  piide :  thon  in  sQcfa  ^rle  aa 
"Hamlet"  "Bewley,"  "The  Strenger."  "Plerra," 
"Zansa.''and  "CkaiiM.''  he  looked  the  moa  he  repa>- 
aented.— Rev.  J.  Young.  I4/«  9f  C.  M.  YvMme. 

%*  "Hamlet" (Shakespeare);  "Bever- 
ley''   (The    Gamester,    Moore);     "The 


CA8TAGNKTTE. 


167 


CASTLE  IN  THE  AIR. 


(B.  Thompson)  ;  "  Pierre  " 
{Venice  Preteroedy  Otway) ;  "Zanga" 
{Sfvcn^  Young). 

Castagnette  (Ospftnh),  a  hero  whose 
stoaadi  was  replaced  bv  a  leather  one 
Bade  by  Detgcnettea  [l)afjte,nef]y  but 
Ua  career  was  aoon  ended  by  a  bomb- 
>hdl,  wluch  blew  him  into  atoms. — 
Msnael,  A  French  Extravaganza. 

CastaliOy  son  of  lord  Acasto,  and 
Potrdore't  twin-brother.  Both  the 
brcthera  loved  their  £ather*8  ward,  Mo- 
mxaTin  "  the  orphan."  The  love  of  Poly- 
dore  was  dishonourable  love,  but  Castabo 
lored  her  truly  uid  married  her  in 
-  privmte.  On  the  bridal  ni|^t  Polydore  by 
tmdiery  took  his  brother*8  place,  and 
■ext  day,  when  If  onimia  discovered  the 
deceit  whicfa  had  been  practised  on  her, 
and  Polydore  heard  that  Monimia  was 
really  married  to  his  brother,  the  bride 
poisoned  herself,  the  adulterer  ran  upon 
his  briber's  sword,  and  the  husband 
■tabbed  himself.— Otway,  The  Orphan 
(1680). 


Ik.  Wft^  fwiall— w  hi  OMMdr  w  ■•*<*'  «m»  dl»> 
I  Ik*  »«t  jyJim  extol  blm  for  dtSbraDt  parts  In 


V  "  Hamlet  "iShakespeare);  "Ed- 
fsr"  (Koif  Z«ir,  Shakespeare) ;  "Mo- 
aeaes"  (tamerlaney  Rowe) ;  ''Jaffier** 
( raic3i  Preserved^  Otway). 

Castaly,  a  fountain  of  Pamassos, 
laered  to  the  If  uses.  Its  waters  had  the 
▼iitue  d  inspiring  tiiose  who  drank 
thereof  with  the  gift  of  poetry. 

Casta'ra,  the  lady  addressrd  by  Wm. 
HabiBfrton  in  his  poems,  h^t  was  Lucy 
Herbert  (daughter  of  Wm.  Herbert,  first 
lord  Powis),  and  became  his  wife.  (Latin, 
00(0,  "diaate.**) 

tf  AtB.  CMaiA.  I  la  beaten  iMT  MOTCi, 
V«r  earth,  p<m  bdl.  vb«*«  am  1  bat  In  lore  f 

W.  Babinctoo.  f  Cmttara  (dlad  16H). 
1h«Mitt7  of  Kabte«lan  Aem%  that  b«  pnamwiJ  .  .  . 
>  ml   II  dia   for  a  M7  of  birth  and  rirtm.  tba 


Castle  DaneerotiB,  a  novel  by  sir 
W.  Scott,  after  the  wreck  of  his  fortune 
ud  repeated  strokes  of  paralj'sis  (1831). 
Those  who  read  it  must  remember  they 
ne  the  last  notes  of  a  dying  swan,  and 
forbear  to  scan  its  merits  too  strictly. 

Cattie  Dangerous  or  **The  Perilous 
Castle  of  Douglas."  So  called  because 
it  was  thrice  taken  from  the  English 
between  1306  and  1307. 

1.  Ob  Palm  Sunday,  while  the  English 
widina  were  at  church,  Douglas  feU  on 


them  and  slew  them ;  then,  entering  the 
castle,  he  put  to  the  sword  all  he  found 
there,  and  set  fire  to  the  castle  (March 
19). 

2.  The  castle  being  restored  was  placed 
under  the  guard  of  Thirwall,  but  Douglas 
dis^ised  his  soldiers  as  droven,  and 
Thirwall  resolved  to  "pillage  the  rogues." 
He  set  upon  them  to  drive  off  Uie  herds, 
but  the  *•  drovers,"  being  too  strong  for 
the  attacking  party,  overoowered  them, 
and  again  Douglas  made  kimself  master 
of  the  castle. 

3.  Sir  John  de  Walton  next  volunteered 
to  hold  the  castle  for  a  year  and  a  day, 
but  Douglas  disguised  his  soldiers  as 
market-men  carrving  com  and  grass  to 
Ijinark.  Sir  Jonn,  in  an  attempt  to 
plunder  the  men,  set  upon  them,  but  was 
overmastered  and  slain.  This  is  the 
subject  of  sir  W.  Scott's  novel  called 
Ca^  Dangrrom,  but  instead  of  the 
market-men  '*with  com  and  grass,"  the 
novel  substitutes  lady  Auguste,  the  pri- 
soner of  Black  Douglas,  whom  he  pro- 
mises to  release  if  the  castle  is  surrendered 
to  him.  De  Walton  consents,  gives  up 
the  castle,  and  marries  the  lady  Augusta. 

Castle  Perilous,  the  habitation  of 
lady  Lionds  (called  by  Tennyson 
Lyonors).  Here  she  was  held  captive  by 
sir  Ironside  the  Red  Knight  of  the  Red 
Lands.  Sir  Gareth  overcame  the  knight, 
and  married  the  lady.— Sir  T.  Malory, 
History  of  Prince  Arthur,  i.  120-153. 

*^*  Tennyson  has  poetised  the  tale  in 
Gareth  ana  Lynctte,  but  has  altered  it. 
He  has  even  departed  from  the  old  story 
by  making  sir  Gareth  marry  Lynette, 
and  leaving  the  lady  Lyonors  in  the  cold. 
In  the  old  story  Gareth  marries  Lion^ 
(or  Lyonors),  and  his  brother  Ga'heris 
marries  Linet  (or  Lynette). 

Tennyion  ba«  qnJte  mlfwd  th«  acopa  of  the  Arthnrlan 
allegory,  vhldi  to  a  BtuiTui's  PUgrim't  Proamt,  Ljr. 
aetta  reprwana  tb«  Mople  ot  this  world  or  the  iuhablt. 
•ntt  of  the  "  atjr  of  Dcatmctkm.'*  "  Llonte"  raprnenu 
Uie  "bride."  which  ajv  to  the  Cbrtotijin  "Cdbm!"  and 
b  Uia  bride  In  heaven  of  tboae  who  fl^t  the  flght  of 
Ikitb.  "Cntie  PerUooa"  b  the  Cebrtlal  City,  aei  on  a 
hOL  Lynette  aeoA  at  Gareth  after  ertfy  ronqveet,  for 
"the  cmmel  mind  to  enmity  agahMt  God;**  bat  Gareth 
"  Oghte  the  flcht,"  and  wins  the  bnde.  Tennywn  make* 
the  Chrirtfaui  leeve  the  City  of  Deetmction.  eonquer 
Apoilyon  and  all  the  Riants,  Ktand  in  lisht  of  the 
Olee>tlal  City,  ne  the  bride  inridits  him  to  lieaTen,  and 
then  raarry  Lynette  or  the  pertnnMKalion  of  the  "  wwld, 
the  flerii.  and  the  dnriL"— See  fifotM  €md  Qutrim 
(January  19.  February  16.  March  IS.  1878). 

Castle  in  the  Air  or  Chateau 
cPSfSpagne,  a  splendid  thing  of  fancy 
or  hope,  but  wholly  without  any  real 
existence,  called  a  **  castle  of  Spain," 
becaiMie  Spain  has  no  castles  or  cfaateaox. 
So  Greek  Kalends  means  **  never,"  be- 


CA3TTJE  OF  ANDALUSIA. 


168 


CAT. 


caote   th«re    were   no    such   ihixun    as 
«*  Greek  Katends." 

Ne  mam  pohA  wm  dMn  mm  Is  fwdbi  iTMintr: 
coltifw  MoliiMnt  biea  b  vortre;  ne  dMr«  point  de 
B'wtra  pat  ee  que  tous  eetee,  meU  dMm  d'cetre  fort 
Men  cequewoieiAee.  .  .  .  De  qoojreert-a  de  Ixutlrdee 
cAumUmix  ca  Fin^B.  qubqaH  Boai  fant  iMbfter  ea 
Fimnceu— 8L  Fnwcoii  de  Sake  (bbhop  oT  Gener*). 
trritti^m  m  La4tf  0iH^  mt^ttt  ^  "  C^mttrntmeHt,"  L 

Castle  of  Andalusia,  an  opera  by 
John  O'Keefe.  Don  Oesar,  the  son  of 
don  Scipio,  being  ill-treated  by  his 
father,  turns  robber-chief,  bat  nltimately 
marries  Lorenza,  and  becomes  reconciled 
to  his  father. 

The  plot  is  too  complicated  to  be 
understood  in  a  few  lines.  Don  Ceesar. 
Spado,  Lorenza,  Victoria,  Pedrillo,  and 
Fernando,  all  assume  characters  different 
to  their  real  ones. 

Castle  of  In'dolenoe  (3  sy/.),  in 
the  land  of  Drowsiness,  where  crcry 
sense  is  enervated  by  sensual  pleasures. 
The  owner  of  the  castle  is  an  enchanter, 
who  deprives  those  who  enter  it  of  their 
physical  energy  and  freedom  of  will.— 
Thomson,  Ca$tU  of  Indolence  (1748). 

Castle  of  Maidens,  Edinburgh. 

[Ehrmucm)  abo  boOt  the  .  .  .  town  of  oMNuit  Agaed 
[EdinkurgklxaXMiM  thk  tiiM  "the  OMtle  of  MakkQa 
or  tbe  Moantain  of  Sorrow.''— Geoflkvr,  BrUUk  Mimorg, 

Cas'tlewood  {Beatrix),  tiie  heroine 
of  Esmond,  a  novel  by  lliackeray,  the 
"finest  picture  of  splendid  lustrous 
physical  beauty  ever  given  to  the  world." 

Cas'tor  {8teph'ano9),\ht  wrestler.— 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Omnt  kobert  of  Paris 
(time,  Rufus). 

(pastor,  of  classic*  fable,  is  the  son  of 
Jupiter  and  Leda,  and  twin-brother  of 
Pollux.  The  brothers  were  so  attached 
to  each  other  that  Jupiter  set  them  among 
the  sUrs,  where  they  form  the  constelU- 
tion  Oemini  ("  the  twins  ").  Castor  and 
Pollux  are  called  the  Vios'curi  or  "  sons 
of  Dios,"  ue.  Jove. 

Cas'triot  (George),  called  by  the 
Turks  ♦*  Scanderbeg  "  (H04  - 1467). 
George  Castriot  was  son  of  an  Albanian 
prince,  delivered  as  a  hostage  to  Amu- 
rath  II.  He  won  such  favour  from  the 
sultan  that  he  was  put  in  command  of 
5000  men,  but  abandoned  the  Turks  in 
the  battle  of  Mora'va  (1443). 

Thk  It  the  flnt  dark  blot 
^  On  Uif  name.  Geofse  GMMot 
l4M«ftdlow,  Tk«  WattUt  Inu  (an  luteflmle)i 

Castruc'cio  Castraoa'ni's  Sword. 
When  Victor  Emmanuel  II.  went  to  Tus- 


cany, the  path  from  Lucca  to  PiaCoia 
was  strewed  with  roses.  At  Pistoia  the 
orphan  heirs  of  Pued'ni  met  hiin» 
bearing  a  sword,  and  said,  "This  is 
the  sword  of  Castruccio  Castracani,  tlio 
great  Italian  soldier,  and  head  of  Cha 
Ghibelines  in  the  fourteenth  century. 
It  was  committed  to  our  ward  and  keep- 
ing till  some  patriot  should  arise  to 
deliver  Italy  and  make  it  free."  Victor 
EmmanueL  seizing  the  hilt,  exclaimed. 
^^Qnesta  ^  per  me!''  («*This  is  tof 
me.**)— E.  B.  Browning,  The  Sword  of 
Castruocio  Castracani, 

Cas'yapa  (8  «y/.),  father  of  the 
immortals,  who  dwells  in  the  moantain 
called  UemacQ'ta  or  Himakoot,  wMler 
the  Tree  of  Life.— Southey,  CMtte  «/ 
Kehama  (canto  vi.  is  called  "  CkayxmJ* 
1809). 

Cat  (The)  has  been  from  time  im- 
memorial the  familiar  of  witches ;  thus 
Galinthia  was  chanced  by  the  Fates  into 
a  cat  (Antoninus  Liberalis,  Jfetam.  29). 
Hecate  also,  when  Typhon  compelled  the 
gods  and  goddesses  to  hide  themselves  in 
animals,  assumed  the  form  of  a  cat 
(Pausanias,  Bcootics),  Ovid  says,  "  Felo 
soror  Phoobi  latuit."    « 

The  cat  €  the  adage:  that  is,  Oaima 
amat  pisces,  sed  non  vult  tingere  pkuUtu 
("  the  cat  loves  fish,  but  does  not  lilu^to 
wet  her  paws  "). 

I«Uing  I  dure  not  wutt  apon  I  vould, 
LUie  the  poor  oU  r  the  adace. 

Sheke^wwe.  JVaeteO.  act  L  as.  7  (MMI. 

Good  liquor  will  make  a  oat  speak^-^ 
Old  Proverb. 

Not  room  ip  swing  a  cat;  reference  is 
to  the  sport  of  swinging  a  cat  to  the 
branch  of  a  tree  as  a  mark  to  be  shot  at. 
Shakespeare  refers  to  another  varietry  of 
the  sport;  the  cat  being  oiclosed  in  a 
leather  bottle,  was  suspended  to  a  tree 
and  shot  at.  **  Hang  me  in  a  bottle,  like  a 
cat**  (Much  Ado  about  Nothing,  act  i.  sc.  1)  ; 
and  Steevers  tells  us  of  a  third  variety  in 
which  the  "  cat  was  placed  in  a  soot-bag, 
hung  on  a  line,  and  the  players  had  to 
beat  out  the  bottom  of  the  bag.**  He 
who  succeeded  in  thus  liberating  the  cat, 
had  the  "privil^e**  of  hunting  it  after- 
wards. 

Kilkenny  Cats.  A  favourite  amuse- 
ment of  (^e  "good  old  times**  with  a 
certain  regiment  quartered  at  Kilkenny, 
was  to  tie  two  cats  together  by  the  tails, 
swin^  them  over  a  line,  and  watdi  their 
ferocious  attacks  upon  each  other  hi  their 
struggles  to  get  free.    It  was  determined 


CATAIAK. 


119 


GATH-LODA. 


to  poft  down  this  cruel  "tport;**  and  one 
daj,  jast  M  two  nnfoiionate  cats  were 
immg,  the  alann  was  given  tha*^  the 
oolooel  was  riding  op  poet  haste.  An 
officer  present  cnt  tnrough  their  tails 
with  his  sword  and  liberated  the  cats. 
wUdi  scampered  oif  before  the  colonel 
sirived.— From  a  correspondent,  signed, 
R.  G.  Gknn  (4,  Bowden  Buildings, 
Temple). 

Tkt  xakeimy  Oats,  The  story  is  that 
two  cats  fbogfat  in  a  saw-pit  so  ferociously 
that  esch  swallowed  the  other,  leaving 
oilr  tiie  tails  behind  to  tell  of  the  won- 
denol  encounter.  —  See  Dktkmary  of 
Pkntt  ewf  FabUf  for  several  other  re- 
fncnees  to  cats. 

Cttai'an  (8  ay/.),  a  native  of  Catai'a 
orGitfaay,  the  ancient  name  of  China ;  a 
boister,  a  liar.  Page,  speaking  of  Fal- 
itsff,Bays: 

Ittflinh  Mm  pffcst  Of 
■•a(l«.  trttikfrnl 

tt.  ao.  1  oem). 

Cateuda'ni,  called  Catiemkla^ni  by 
Ptolemy,  and  CSossn  bv  Richard  of  Ciren- 
certer.  They  occupied  Buckizighamshire, 
Bedfordshire,  and  Hertfordshire.  Dra^- 
toa  lefos  to  them  in  his  Polyolbion,  xvi. 

Catgut  {I>r,)f  a  caricature  of  Dr. 
Ane  in  The  Cbmwitstiry,  by  Sam.  Foote 
(1765). 

Cttth'arine,  queen-consort  of  Charles 
n.;  uktrodnced  by  sir  W.  Scott  in 
PtMrH  of  tkt  Peak,  (See  Cathkrike, 
ad  also  under  the  letter  K.) 

CatA'arine  (St.)  of  Alexandria  (fourth 
eeotmy),  patron  saint  of  girls  and  vir- 
DM  gencsally.  Her  reU  name  was 
DoTodiea;  but  St.  Jerome  says  she  was 
called  Catharine  from  the  Syriac  word 
Kttkm'  or  KatMar^  "a  crown,**  because 
At  won  the  triple  crown  of  mar^rrdom, 
riiginitj,  and  wisdom.  She  was  fmt  to 
Mh  on  a  wheel,  November  25,  which  is 
iaJHedMj. 

nhrakiSL  Catkarm^t  hair  metau  *' to 

five  a  virgin.** 

IhM  an  tM  Wr  to  te  Mfc  to  braM  8t  GMttiaifM'k  treHM. 

(ISW). 


Cathajr',  China  or  rather  Tartary, 
t  cormption  of  the  Tartar  word  KhitaC^ 
"the  country  of  the  Khitai'ans  or  Khi- 
tsos.**  The  capital  was  Albracca,  ac- 
conhBg  to  Aiiosto  (Orkmdo  Fwrioto), 


¥■9  bdIIP 


Moma,  daughter  of  Cormao  king  of 
Ireland.  He  was  killed  out  of  jealousy 
bv  Duchd'mar,  and  when  Duchdmar  tolcl 
Moma  and  asked  her  to  marry  him  she 
replied,  "Thou  art  dark  to  me,  Duchd- 
mar;  cruel  is  thine  arm  to  Homa. 
Give  me  that  sword,  m^  foe  ;*'  and  when 
he  gave  it,  she  "pierced  his  manly 
breast,**  and  he  died. 

QrtbbiL/oai«  mm  of  Toma.  thoo  art  of  tho  !•««  ot 
IfoTML    iiKNi  art  •  nnlMani  la  tho  4ar  of  tho  glooatr 
^  •       -       .L 


siLsam)* 


GathlM^  son  of  Torman,  beloved  by 


Catherine,  wife  of  Malhis,  in  Tht 
Polish  JeWf  by  J.  R.  Ware. 

Catherine  (ITte  oountess)^  usually  called 
"The  Countess,**  falls  in  love  with  Huon, 
a  serf,  her  secretary  and  tutor.  Her 
pride  revolts  at  the  match,  but  her  love  is 
masterful.  When  the  duke  her  fa^er  is 
told  of  it,  he  insists  on  Huon*s  marrying 
Catherine,  a  freed  serf,  on  pain  of  death. 
Huon  refuses  to  do  so  till  the  countess 
herself  enteeats  him  to  comply.  He  then 
rushes  to  the  wars,  where  he  greatly 
distinguishes  himself,  ^is  created  prince, 
and  learns  that  bis  bride  is  not  Catherine 
the  quondam  serf,  but  Catherine  the 
duke*8  dau^ter.  —  S.  Knowles,  Love 
(1840). 

Cath'erine  of  Ke-wportjaie  wife 
of  Julian  Avenel  (2  sy/.).— Sir  W.  Scott, 
7^  Monastery  (time,  Elizabeth).  (See 
CATif  AKINB,  and  under  K.) 

Cathleen,  one  of  the  attendants  on 
Flora  M*Ivor.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Waterley 
(time,  Greorge  II.). 

Cathlin  of  Clu'tha,  daughter  of 
Cathmol.  Duth-Cannor  of  Cluba  had 
slain  (^thmol  in  battle,  and  carried  off 
(Mhlin  by  force,  but  she  contrived  to 
make  her  escape  and  craved  aid  of  Fingal. 
Cssian  and  Cscar  were  selected  to  espouse 
her  cause,  and  when  they  reached  liath- 
col  (where  Duth-(3annor  lived).  Ossian 
resigned  the  command  of  the  battle  to  his 
son  Oscar.  Oscar  and  Duth-C^annor  met 
in  combat,  and  the  latter  felL  The  victor 
carried  the  mail  and  hdmet  of  Duth- 
Ourmor  to  C!athlin,  and  Otthlin  said, 
"Take  the  mail  and  place  it  high  in 
Selma*s  hall,  that  ^on  mav  rememl^r  the 
helpless  in  a  distant  land.*' — Ossian, 
Cathlin  of  autha, 

Cath-Ijo'da.  The  tale  is  this :  Fingal 
in  his  youth,  making  a  voyage  to  the 
Orkneys,  was  driven  by  stress  of  weather 
to  Denmark.  The  king  Stamo  invited 
him  to  a  feast,  but  Fingal,  in  distrust, 
i  declined   the   invitation.     Stamo    then 


CATHMOR. 


170 


OATO. 


propoeed  U  his  son  Swaran  to  sarorise 
Fingal  in  hid  sleep ;  bat  Swanm  replied, 
"I  shiQl  not  slay  in  shades.  I  move 
toTih  in  light ; "  and  Starao  resolved  to 
attack  the  sleeper  b^  himself.  He  came 
to  the  place  where  Ftnnl  lay,  but  Fingal, 
hearing  the  step,  started  up  and  succeeded 
in  binding  Stamo  to  an  oak.  At  day- 
break he  discovered  it  to  be  the  king:,  and 
loosing  him  from  his  bonds  be  said,  **  I 
have  spared  thy  life  for  the  sake  of  thy 
daughter,  who  once  warned  me  of  an 
ambuscade." — Ossian,  Cath-Loda  (in  three 
duans). 

Cath'mor,  younger  brother  of  Cair'- 
bar  ("  lord  of  Atha  "),  but  toUlly  unlike 
him.  Cairbar  was  treacherous  and  malig- 
nant ;  Cathroor  high-minded  and  hospit- 
able. Cairb«r  muraered  Cormac  king  of 
Ireland,  and  having  inveigled  Oscar  (son 
of  Ossian)  to  a  feast,  vammd  ixp  a  quarrel, 
in  which  both  fell.  Cathmor  scorned 
such  treachery.  Cathmor  is  the  second 
hero  of  the  poem  called  Tem*ora^  and 
falls  by  the  hand  of  Fingal  (bk.  viii.). 

Cathmor.  Um  fticod  of  strmnfvn,  the  brothar  of  red- 
haired  Odrlwr.  Their  eoulR  were  not  the  aune.  The 
light  of  heaven  wm  In  the  boeom  of  Oathmor.  Hb  lowen 
roae  on  the  banks  of  Atha ;  aeren  paths  led  to  hi*  halls; 
•even  rhieb  stood  on  the  paths  and  called  stnuifpts  to  the 
fnast.  But  Cathmor  dweJt  In  th«  wood,  to  shun  the  Toioe 
of  pralM.— Onlan,  Ttmora,  L 

Oath'oUc  {The), 

Alfonso  I.  of  Asturias.  called  by 
Gregory  III.  Hi8  Catholic  Majesty  (693, 
789-767). 

Ferdinand  II.  of  Ar'agon,  hnsband  of 
IsabelU.  Also  called  Kut^,  **the  wily" 
(1462,  1474-1516). 

Isabella  wife  of  Ferdinand  II.  of 
Aragon,  so  called  for  her  zeal  in  establish- 
ing the  Inquisition  (1460,  1474-lt04). 

Catholic  Majesty  (Catholica  Ma- 
jMad)f  the  special  title  of  the  kings  of 
Bpain.  It  was  first  given  to  king  Recared 
(mi)  in  ihe  third  Council  of  Toledo,  for 
his  seal  in  rooting  out  the  *'Arian 
heresy." 

Cid  a  Deo  Btarmtm  merftnm  tM  veto  CitboUeo  R** 
earedorairir  C^  a  Deo  »tema  corona  nld  vara  ortfaodow 
Recaredo  regit— Oragor.  Maw.,  U7  and  138. 

But  it  was  not  then  settled  as  a  fixed 
title  to  the  kings  of  Spain.  In  1600 
Alexander  VI.  gave  the  title  to  Ferdinand 
y.  kin^  of  Aragon  and  Castile,  and  from 
that  time  it  oecame  annexed  to  the 
Spanish  crown. 

Ab  Alrxandro  pootiflee  Perdinandos  "  CathoUd  "  oog* 
noanairtum  aeorpit  In  poetrros  cum  rrgno  iranaftaum 
■tat4ll  pnasasslonw  Hononun  tltukti  prindpibiudlrldera 
pontlflrlbus  Romanli  datar.— Mariana.  Dt  Jt9htu  Hmp., 
szn.  IS ;  sea  alM  vll.  4. 

Ca'thos,  cousin  of  lladelon,  brought 


up  by  her  uncle  Gor'gibus,  a  plain  citizen 
in  the  middle  rank  of  life.  Tliese  two 
silly  girls  have  had  their  heads  turned  by 
noveli,  and  thinking  their  names  common- 

Elaoe,  Cathos  calls  herself  Aminta,  and 
er  cousin  adopts  the  name  of  PoKx'ena. 
Two  gentlemen  wish  to  marry  them,  but 
the  girls  consider  their  manners  too 
unaffected  and  easy  to  be  '*^ood  style," 
so  the  gentlemen  send  their  valets  to 
represent  the  "marquis  of  Mascarille" 
and  the  **  viscount  of  Jodelet."  The 
fprls  are  delighted  with  these  '*  dis- 
tinguished noblemen;"  but  when  tiie 
game  has  gone  far  enough,  the  masters 
enter,  and  lay  bare  the  trick.  The  girls 
are  taught  a  useful  lesson,  without  being 
involv^  in  any  ftttal  ill  consequences. — 
MoU^re,  Let  Pr^cieuses  Ridicules  (1669). 

Cathulla,  king  of  Inistore  {the 
Orkneys)  and  brother  of  Comala  (a.t>.), 
Fingal,  on  coming  in  sight  of  the  palace, 
observed  a  beacon-flame  on  its  top  as 
signal  of  distress,  for  Frothal  king  of 
Sora  had  besieged  it.  Fingal  attacked 
Frothal,  engaged  him  in  single  combat, 
defeated  him,  and  made  him  prisoner. — 
Ossian,  (Mrrick-Thura. 

Catiline  (3  sy/.),  a  Roman  patrician, 
who  headed  a  conspiracy  to  overthrow  the 
Government,  and  obtain  for  himself  and 
his  followers  all  places  of  power  and 
trust.  The  conspiracy  was  discovered  by 
Cicero.  Catiline  escaped  and  put  himseuf 
at  the  head  of  his  army,  but  fell  in  tha 
battle  after  fighting  with  desperate 
daring  (b.c.  62).  Ben  Jonson  wrote  * 
tragedy  called  Catiline  (1611),  and  Tol- 
taire,  in  hit  Some  Sauv^ey  has  introduced 
the  conspiracy  and  death  of  Catiline 
(1762). 

Ca'to,  the  hero  and  title  of  a  tragedr 
by  J.  Addison  (1718).  Disgusted  with 
C«sar,  Cato  retired  to  U'tica  (in  Africa), 
where  he  had  a  small  republic  and 
mimic  senate ;  but  Csesar  resolved  to 
reduce  Utica  as  he  had  done  the  rest  of 
Africa,  and  Cato,  finding  retfata&ce 
hopeless,  fell  on  his  own  sword. 


Tbo'  stern  and  awftil  to  the  (bee  of  1 
Ha  Is  all  goodnen,  Luda.  alwnjrs  mild, 
CompassloDatc,  and  gentle  to  bb  friends  t 
Pilled  with  domestic  tendemeas. 

ActT.  1. 

When  Barton  Booth  (17131  trflt  appeared  as  "CMo." 
BoUngbruke  called  bim  Into  bb  box  and  gave  him  fifty 
guineas  for  defending  the  cauae  of  liberty  so  well  agaliUK 
a  perpetual  dictator.— X^/is  4|^  Addtton. 

He  is  a  CatOy  a  man  of  simple  habtt% 
severe  morals,  strict  justice,  and  blmA 
speech,  but  of  undoubted  integrity 


CATULLCTS. 


171 


GAYK  OF  ADULLAIL 


like  tbe  Rooan  ccnaor  of  fbU 
tiM  gnuidCBtber  of  the  Ceto  of 
Utica,  who  leeenbled  him  in  ehancter 
aod  BttnneiB. 

Cato  <md  ffortens^hu,  Ceto  of  Utic«*8 
Moond  wife  was  MsTtia  daughter  of 
FhOin.  He  allowed  her  to  live  with  hifi 
friend  Hortenjnoa,  and  after  the  death  of 
Hartesiiiaa  took  her  back  again. 


it  iWt  fltd  with  tlMwto  ] 
Qua,  tto  imtMitloai^ 
hk  1m47  ^  his  MtuA  Bortcntfeifk 

Dmt  Jmmm,  vL  7  (IBQl 


Gatallus.  Lord  Byron  calls  Thomas 
Moeie  the  **  British  CatoUits,*'  leferrinff 
te  a  Tolane  of  amatory  poems  jmblished 
in  IMS,  mider  the  peeodonym  of 
"Thomas  Uttle.** 


Tb  utile! 


oTbhSv. 


OMSK 

The  OrietUal  Cahdiug,  Saadi  or  Sadi, 
a  Persian  poet.  He  married  a  rich 
merehanfs  danghter,  bat  the  marriace 
am  mdiapfyy  one.    His  chief  works 


ve  TV  Ofthtitm  (or  **garden  of  roses'*), 
SDd  The  Bo§ta%  (or  "niden  of  fmiU"), 
(U7S-1391). 

Cwi'diiie  VoricSyAnarrow  pass  in  the 
flMotains  near  Oapoa,  now  called  ''the 
Tallty  of  Arpaia.'*  Here  a  Roman  army 
SBder  the  comils  T.  Vetn'rios  C^ahri'nns 
sad  Sp.  Postn'nmis  fell  into  the  hands  of 
tiK  Sni'Bites  (t  syi.),  and  were  made  to 
**  pass  Oder  the  yoke." 

Cau'dle  {Mrs,  Margaret)^  a  curtain 
Icctarer,  who  betweea  eleven  o'clock  at 
nq;iit  and  seven  the  next  morning,  deli- 
vved  for  thirty  years  a  curtain  lectare  to 
ker  hnsband  Job  Caudle,  generally  a  most 
gentle  listener ;  tf  he  replied,  die  pro- 
nooneed  him  insufferably  rude,  and  ir  he 
fid  not  he  was  insufferably  sulky. — 
Douglas  Jenold,  Pumch  ("The  Caudle 
Pkpeis-). 

Oftaline  (^),  a  knight  who  serred 
the  wine  to  the  king  of  Ireland.  He  f^ 
in  lore  with  Christabelle  (3  «y/.),  the 
king's  daughter,  and  she  beoune  his 
tnrth-pli^t  wife,  without  her  father's 
knowMge.  When  the  king  knew  of  it, 
ke  banished  sir  Canline  (2  «y/.).  After  a 
time  the  Soldain  asked  the  lady  in 
■snisge,  but  tla  Canline  challenged  his 
irral  and  slew  him.  He  himself,  however, 
died  of  the  wounds  he  had  received,  and 
the  lady  Christabelle,  out  of  grief,  '*  burst 
kir  gentle  hearte  in  twayne^"— Percy's 


Cau'ras,  the  stormy  west-aoitb-wtift 
wind  ;  called  in  (rfeek,  Anye^tie^ 

Oaustio,  of  the  Despatch  newspapeft 
was  the  signature  of  Mr.  Serle. 

Chrietopher  Caustic^  the  pseudonym  of 
Thomas  Green  Fessenden,  author  of 
Terrible  TVoctoroiion,  a  Hudlbrastic  poem 
(1771-1887). 

Cotueik  (Colonet)f  a  fine  gentleman  of 
the  last  century,  very  severe  on  the 
degeneracy  of  the  present  race. — Henry 
Mackenzie,  in  The  Lounger. 

Ca'va  or  FloridOj  daughter  of  St. 
Julian.  It  was  the  violation  of  (^va  by 
Roderick  that  brought  abont  the  war 
between  the  Goths  and  tiie  Moors,  in 
which  Roderick  was  slain  (a.d.  711). 

Cavalier  (TV).  Eon  de  Beamnont, 
called  by  the  French  Le  Chevalier  <FE<m 
(1728-1810).  Charles  Breydel,  the 
Flemish  landscape  painter  (1677-1744). 
Francisco  Cairo,  the  historian,  called 
El  Chavaliere  del  Cairo  (1698-1674).  Jean 
le  Clerc.  J^e  Chevalier  (1587-1688).  J. 
Bapt.  Marini,  the  Italian  poet,  called 
n  Cavaliere  (1569-1625).  Andrew  Michael 
Ramsay  (1680-1748). 

\*  James  Franos  Edward  Stuart,  the 
"Old  Pretender,"  was  styled  Le  Chevalier 
de  8L  George  (1688-1765).  Charles 
Edward,  the  "Young  Pretender,"  was 
styled  The  Bonnie  Chevalier  or  The 
Yomg  Cavalier  (1720-1788). 

Oavalier  Senrente,  same  as  the 
Spanish  eorte'ioy  an  Italian  epithet  for 
a  young  gentleman  who  plays  the  gal- 
lant to  a  married  woman,  escorts  her 
to  places  of  public  amusement,  calls  her 
coach,  hands  her  to  supper,  buys  her  bou- 
quets and  opera  tickets,  etc 

m  Blf  H—lll  lili  MM mi  IM» 

Ai  uiuMmi  m  iiJiiK- 

Cavall',  "king  Arthur's  hound  of 
deepest  mouth." — Tennyson,  Idylls  of  the 
jrmjy("Enid"). 

Cave  of  Adullam,  a  cave  m 
which  David  took  refuge  when  he  fled 
from  king  Saul ;  and  thither  resorted  to 
him  "  every  one  that  was  in  distress,  and 
every  one  tnat  was  in  debt^  and  every  one 
that  was  discontented"  (1  Sam,  xxii.  1, 2). 
Mr.  John  Bright  called  the  seceders  of 
the  reform  psZrty  AduU'amites  (4  sy/.), 
and  said  that  Lowe  and  Horsman.  lika 
David  in  the  cave  of  Adullam,  gatbertd 


CAYE  OP  MAMMON. 


172 


CEiAA. 


together  «U  the   discontented,  and   «U 
that  were  politically  distressed. 

Cave  of  Mammon,  the  abode  of 
the  god  of  wealth.  The  inoney>god  first 
appears  as  a  miser,  then  becomes  a  worker 
of  metals,  and  ultimately  the  god  of  all 
the  treasores  of  the  world.  All  men  bow 
down  to  his  daughter  Ambition.^ 
Spenser,  Fairy  Quaen,  iL  7  (1690). 

Cave  of  Montesi'noe,  about  sixty 
feet  in  depth,  in  the  heart  of  La  Bfancha. 
So  callea  because  Montesinos  retired 
thither  when  he  quitted  the  French  court 
on  account  of  some  insult  offered  to  him. 
Cenrantes  makes  Don  Quixote  visit  it, 
and  it  is  now  often  resorted  to  by  shep- 
herds as  a  shelter  from  the  cold  or  rain. 

Cav'endiflh,  author  of  Princwles  of 
Whittf  and  numerous    guide-bool^s    on 

Stmes,  as  B^zique^  P^fP"^  LoarU^ 
Ulktrds^  etc.  Henry  Jones,  editor  of 
** Pastimes**  in  The  Field  and  The  Qu9e% 
newspapers  (1831-       ). 

Cavendish  Square  (London},  so 
called  from  Henrietta  Cavendish,  wife  of 
Edward  second  earl  of  Oxford  and 
Mortimer  (buUt  1718). 

Cawther  (il/)f  the  lake  of  paradise, 
the  waters  of  which  are  sweet  as  honer, 
cold  as  snow,  and  clear  as  crystal.  He 
who  once  tastes  thereof  shall  never 
thirst  again. — Al  KordUy  cviii. 

Hm  rigbtooui  iMvlnff  MiinMNmtsd  Om  dlfleuUlM  of  Hfti. 
•nil  baling  MMd  tfit  riuup  bridge  [al  atrOtl  wUI  bt 
nfreflbeit  br  dtinking  at  Um  nond  of  ttwir  proj^iet,  Um 
VBtan  of  imkh  are  mppiad  from  al  Gawthar.  .  .  .  Thli 
b  the  ftnt  tMto  whieb  the  MflMd  win  bava  of  their  fbtnra 
lat  naar-appraaefalng  faMeKy.  Bale,  Al  X*r4n  ("The 
Prellmliiaiy  Mnovn^'  h.), 

Caz'on  (Old  Jacob)^  hairdresser  of 
Jonathan  Oldbuck  (**the  antiquary*') 
of  Monkbams. 

Jenny  Caxon.  a  milliner ;  daughter  of 
Old  Jacob.--Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Antiquary 
(time,  George  III.). 

Caxton  ( PiMittr&tm),  the  hero  of  Bul- 
wer*8  novel  The  CnxtonSf  and  the  feigned 
author  of  the  sequel  to  it  entitled  My 
Novel,  as  well  as  of  the  essays  collected 
together  under  the  name  of  Caxtoniawi, 

Ceoa  to  Mecca  (Fhm)^  from  pillar 

to  post.     To  saunter  or  ramble  from  Ceca 

to  Meooa  is  a  Spanish  proverb,  meaning  to 

roam  about  purposelessly  or  idly,     uva 

and  Mecca   are  two   places  visited    by 

Mohammedan  pilgrims. 

**Let  Hi  return  boaM,"  said  Samdio,  "nor  longer  ramble 
Arom  Oeea  Id  Meooa."— Ovraalei,  Am  QuiuKe.  L  UL  4 
QMSU 


CecU,  the  hero  of  a  novel  so  called  hf 
Mra.  Gore  (1790-1861). 

Cecil's  Fast,  an  Act  of  Parliament 
by  W.  Cecil,  lord  Burleigh,  to  enjoin  the 
eating  of  fish  on  certain  days.  The 
object  of  Ais  Act  was  to  restore  the  fidi 
trade,  which  had  been  almost  ruined  by 
Ae  Reformation.  Papists  eat  fish  on 
fast-days,  and  at  the  Reformation  the 
eating  of  fish  being  looked  on  as  a  badge 
of  bad  faith,  no  one  was  willing  to  tie 
under  the  suspicion  of  being  a  papist, 
and  no  one  would  buy  fish. 

Cecilia  {8t,)y  the  patroness  of  musi- 
cians and  "  inventor  of  the  organ.**  The 
le^nd  says  that  an  angel  fell  in  love 
with  Cecilia  for  her  musical  skill,  and 
nightly  brought  her  roses  from  paradise. 
Her  husband  saw  the  angel  visitant,  who 
gave  to  both  a  crown  of  martyrdom. 

Thoa  eeev'et  to  MeHka  the  I 


Thatbrou^t  theinunortal 
To  8L  OedUa'i  brUal  chaMbrr. 

Ce'drio,  a  thane  of  Botherwood.  and 
Bumamed  *'  the  Saxon.**— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Ivanhoe  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Ceradon  and  Amelia,  lovers 
of  noatchless  beauty,  and  most  devoted 
to  each  other.  Being  overtaken  by  a 
thunderstorm,  Amelia  became  alarmed, 
but  Celadon,  folding  his  arm  about  her, 
said,  **  *Tis  safety  to  be  near  thee,  sure ;  ** 
but  while  he  spoke,  Amelia  was  struck 
by  lightning  and  fell  dead  in  his  arms. 
— Thomson,  The  Seaeone  ("Summer,** 
1727). 

(Celadon,  like  Chloe,  Celia,  Lesbia, 
Daphnd,  etc.,  may  be  employed  to 
signify  a  lady-love  generally.) 

Cele'no  or  CelsB'no,  chief  of  the 
harpies. 

Ibere  on  a  crengr  itona 
Odeno  bung,  and  made  bit  direftal  moan. 
OUee  Fletcher.  ChHttt  Trimmtk  (mi  JtarMi  aOfll. 

Celes'tial  City  (7^).  Heaven  it 
so  called  by  John  Bunyan,  in  his  PilgrmC$ 
Progress  (1678). 

Celes'tial  Empire,  China,  so 
called  because  the  first  emperors  were 
all  **  celestial  deities :  "  as  Pnon-Kn 
(" highest  ctemit>'*),  Ti«n-Ho&ng ("ea- 
peror  of  heaven"),  Ti-Ho&ng("  emperor  of 
earth  **),  Gine-Hoftng  ("  emperor  of  men  **), 
etc.,  embracing  a  period  of  800,000  veara 
previous  to  To-hi,  whose  reign  is  placed 
B.C.  2953-2838. 

Ce'lia,  daughter  of  Frederick  the 
usurping  duke,  and  cousin  of  BofMaUnd« 


CELTA. 


178 


CENTAUR. 


dn^iterofthebaiiiiiheddiike.  WhenRo- 
nlind  w»s  driven  from  her  ancle'i  court, 
Cftlut  determiiHfd  to  go  with  her  to  the 
forest  of  Arden  to  seek  oot  the  banished 
dvke,  and  for  secnrity  sake,  Rosalind 
drened  in  bor's  clothes  and  called  her- 
self **Gan'imed,**  while  Celia  dressed  as 
a  peasant  eirl  and  called  herself 
"Aliftia.*'  When  they  reached  Arden 
they  lodged  for  a  tame  in  a  shei^erd's 
hut,  and  Oliver  de  Boys  was  sent  to  tcU 
tbem  that  hif  brother  Orlando  was  hurt 
and  coold  not  come  to  the  hut  as  usual. 
Oliver  and  Celia  fell  in  love  with  each 
other,  and  their  wedding  day  was  fixed. 
Ganimed  resumed  the  diess  of  Rosalind, 
and  the  two  brothers  married  at  the  same 
time.— Shakeapeare,  As  You  Like  It 
(1£98). 

(yiia,  a  giri  of  16.  m  Whitehead's 
comedy  of  The  School  for  Lovers,  It 
was  written  expressly  for  Mrs.  Dbber, 
daagfater  of  Dr.  Ame. 

flMaMyMaold.tat 

portion  in  bcr 

ortorapraant 

wtta  an  tlw  JavfloOe  appeaniMO 


C^Uoy  a  poetical  name  for  any  lady- 
love: as  "Would  you  Imow  my  Celia's 
cfaarma  ...?**  Not  unfrequently 
Stieph'oD  is  the  wooer  when  Celia  is  the 
wooed.  Thomas  Carew  calls  his  "  sweet 
sveeting**  Celia;  her  real  name  is  not 
knovn. 

(Vfiin  (lAomtf),  mother  of  Faith,  Hope, 
sod  ChariU-.  She  lived  in  the  hospice 
called  Hohnesa.  (Celia  is  from  the  Li^ 
oc/msi,  «*  heaven.")  —  Spenser,  Fairy 
Qtoi,  i.  10  (1590). 

Cel'idon,  the  scene  of  one  of  Arthur's 
twelve  battles,  also  called  **  Olidon-the- 
Foreat,**  and  said  to  be  Tweeddale. 
Gtlyddon  was  a  common  term  for  a 
British  fbnat. 

Celiinene  (3  ay/.),  a  coquette  courted 
bj  Alceste  (2  $yL)  the  **  misanthrope  "  (a 
leallv  good  man,  both  upright  imd  manly, 
but  blunt  in  behaviour,  rude  in  speech, 
nd  oneonventional).  Alceste  wants  04- 
Inatee  to  forsake  society  and  live  wiUi 
him  in  sednslon ;  this  she  refuses  to  dq, 
sad  he  replies,  as  you  cannot  find,  "  tout 
ea  Boi,  comme  moi  tout  en  vous,  allez, 
jc  vous  rrfttse."  He  then  proposes  to  her 
coucin  Eliante  (8  ay/.),  but  Eliante  tells 
him  she  is  already  engaged  to  his  friend 
Philinte  (2  ay/0»  and  so  the  play  ends.^ 
MoU^  Le  Mtsantkrope  (1666). 

"Cdimbne"  in MoUWs  Les  Pr^neuses 


Jiidicuies  is  a  mere  dummy.  She  is 
brought  on  the  stage  occasionadly  towards 
the  end  of  the  play,  but  never  utters  one 
word,  and  seems  a  supemumerary  of  no 
importance  at  all. 

Celixi'da,the  victim  of  count  Fathom's 
seduction.  —  Smollett,  QjutU  Fathom 
(1764). 

IbecwMrt  pheed  an  BoUm  harp  la  her  badroom.  and 
Uw  •Mao  no  sooner  felt  Um  tiiipr«Hlon  4^  tba  wind 


uw  nnna  no  sooner  felt  the  linprcHlon  of  tba  wind 
Uuui  tbqr  bapw  to  pour  isrtha  stnamof  malody  Dora 
imrlaldngiT  daUghtftJ  than  tba  soof  of  Phflomal.  Uta 
wwblinc  brook,  and  an  tba  eoneart  of  tba  wood.**— ftnol* 


Cellide  (2  ay/.),  beloved  by  Valentine 
and  his  son  Francisco.  The  buly  naturally 
prefers  the  vounger  man. — Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  Mens,  Thomas  (1619). 

Celt.  Tennyson  calls  the  irritability 
of  the  Irish  and  Welsh 

Th«  bund  byitarka  «f  tba  cut 
In 


Celtio  and  Ibe'rian  VieldBiThe). 
Fzanos  and  Spain* 

Bovtat  (ha  OttUa  and  Ibariaa  SakkL 

MUtoo.  OMMMk  ta  (18M». 

Celtio  Homer  (7^),  Ossian*  said 
to  be  of  the  third  century. 

If  (Man  Uvad  at  ttia  btrodoetlon  of  ChiMkaNy,  ai  1v 
all  ^ipearaneca  be  did.  bb  epoch  wfll  be  tba  hUar  and  of 

tba  third  and  bc^nnlng  of  tbTfaurtb  Mtan^ 

Iba  "Oumcul^of  Fbigal.  who  b  no  other  than  Cmt 
ealU  (aoo  of  Saro'nia.  emperor  of  Hone),  and  tba  battle 
faaicbt  acainKOaroa  or  CarMniai. .  .  .  it  the  epoch  af 
Fiiiiod  to  the  tblrd  oantuiy.  and  Irbb  »»«.*/»inm  pLeabk 
daadihitba^aarZSSL    OMiau  was  Fliwtrs  sonj--]^  ^ 


CencL  Francesco  Cend  was  a  most 
profligate  Roman  noble,  who  had  four 
sons  and  one  daughter,  all  of  whom  he 
treated  with  abominable  cruelty.  It  is 
said  that  he  assassinated  his  two  elder 
sons  and  debauched  his  daus^ter  Beatrice. 
Beatrice  and  her  two  surviving  brothers, 
with  Lucretia  (their  mother),  conspired 
against  Francesco  and  accomplished  his 
death,  but  all  except  the  youngest  brother 
perished  on  the  scaffold!  September  11. 
1601.  *^  ' 

It  has  been  doubted  whether  the  fam- 
ous portrait  in  the  Barberini  palace  at 
Rome  is  really  of  Beatrice  Cenci,  and  even 
whether  Guido  Reni  was  the  painter. 

Percy  B.  Shelley  wrote  a  tragedy  called 
27ie  Cend  (1819). 

Cenimatf'ni,  the  mhabitants  of 
Norfolk,  Suffolk,  and  Cambridge.— -Cnsar, 
Commentaries, 

Centaur  {The  Blue\  a  human  form 
from  the  waist  upwards,  and  a  goat 
eovered  with  blue  shag  nrom  the  waist 


CENTUBY  WHITE. 


174 


CHALTBBS. 


downwards.    Lik«  the  Oicrit  he  fed  on 
human  flesh. 

"8h«|ilMrdii.'Mlihe.  "I«m<htBlMOM>taw.  Iffoa 
wll!  glTt  nM  0nrf  third  jmx  k  xoong  rbUd,  1  jiroinJM  to 
bring  a  bMndrad  of  my  klmmen  wid  drive  the  Qfcrt  avay." 
...  He  [(*«  Btu4  Ctntaur]  und  to  appear  on  the  top  of 
arock,  with  his  dnb  In  one  hand  .  .  .  and  with  a  terrible 
voice  orjr  oat  to  the  rfiephenU.  "  l«ave  me  nur  mi.  and 
be  off  with  jrou!*  — Oomte«e  jyAmtor,  JMry  ]W«* 
("  PriaoHi  CarpUhMa."  Met). 

Cen'tury  White,  John  White,  the 
nonconfonnist  lawyer.  So  called  from 
his  chief  work,  entitled  Tha  First  Cm- 
tury  of  Soandat<nUf  MatigncaU  Priests, 
etc.  (1590-1645). 

Ce'phal  (Greek,  KnhalS),  the  Head 
Mrtonified,the  "acropoUs**  of  The  Purple 
Jsiand,  fully  described  in  canto  v.  of 
that  poem,  by  Phineas  Fletcher  (1683). 

Oeph'alUB  (in  Greek,  KepKilos), 
One  day,  overcome  with  heat,  Ge|dutlus 
threw  himself  on  the  grass,  and  cried 
alood,  '*Come,  gentle  Aura,  and  this 
heat  allay !  *'  The  words  wen  told  to  his 
young  wife  Procris,  who,  supposing  Asia 
to  l^  some  rivid,  became  funonslv 
jealous.  Resolred  to  discover  her  rival, 
she  stole  next  day  to  a  covert,  and  soon 
saw  her  husband  come  and  throw  himself 
on  the  bank,  cr3ring  aloud,  **  Come,  gentle 
Zeph3rr;  come,  Aura,  come,  this  heat 
allay  !^*  Her  mistake  was  eWdent,  and 
she  was  about  to  throw  herself  into  the 
arms  of  her  husband,  when  the  young 
man,  aroused  by  the  rustling,  shot  an 
arrow  into  the  covert,  8up{)osing  some 
wild  beast  was  about  to  spring  on  him. 
Procris  was  shot,  told  her  tale,  and  died. 
— (hnd.  Art  of  LonCy  iii. 

(Cephalns  loves  Procris,  \,e,  "  the  sun 
kisses  the  dew.'*  Procris  is  killed  by 
Cephalns,  t.0.  **  the  dew  is  destroyed  by 
the  rajTs  of  the  sun.*') 

Ceras'tes  (8  sy/.),  the  homed  snake. 
(Greek,  Was,  **a  horn.")  Milton  uses  the 
word  in  Paradise  Lost,  x.  525  (1665). 

Cerberus,  a  dog  with  three  heads, 
which  kee^M  guard  in  hell.  DantS  places 
it  in  the  third  circle. 


Owbemi.  cruel  moMtar.  flerae  and  i 
IbKMgb  bb  wide  threefold  throat  barka  a*  a  dot .  •  . 
Hb  ey«  glare  eriniaon,  Vlatk  It*  unctnoot  beanC 
in  beljr  laiSB.  and  clawed  the  han^  with  whUi 
It  teart  the  iplriK  iaj«  UtMo.  aad  thair  llmbe 
Ptoeameal  dla(«rtik 

DantS.  ireii;  vL  (ISOO^  Omf»  IwhiMniiV 

Cer'don.  the  boldest  of  the  rabble 
leaders  in  tne  encounter  with  Hu'dibras 
at  the  bear-baiting.  The  original  of  this 
character  was  Hewson,  a  one-eyed  cobbler 
and  preacher,  who  was  also  a  colonel  in 
the  Knmp  army. — S.  Butler,  HwJibras, 
L  2  (1668). 


Oe'ree  (2  sy/.),  the  Fruits  of  HarPMi 
personified.  In  classic  mythology  Cerdi 
means  "  Mother  Earth,"  the  protectress  of 
agriculture  and  fruits. 

Genres,  the  planet,  is  so  called  because  it 
was  discovered  from  the  observatory  of 
Palermo,  and  Cer§s  is  the  tutelar  goddess 
of  Sicily. 

Cerettiok  Shore  {The),  the  (Car- 
digan coast. 

the  other  loade  fren  the  Oerattkk  ahon 


lb  the  Vlfghdan  ae«[e.e.i  ooatribatlng  their 

Dngrtoa.  i'elrofMeM.  ft  OSIS). 

Cerimon,  a  physician  of  Epheeus, 
who  restored  to  animation  Tbaisa,  the 
wife  of  Per'idSs  prince  of  Tyre,  sup- 
posed to  be  dead.--Shake8peare,  PencteB 
Prince  of  Tyre  (1608). 

Chab'ot  (Philwpe  de),  admiral  of 
France,  governor  of  Bourgovne  and  Nor- 
mandy under  Francois  I.  Montmorency 
and  the  cardinal  de  Lorraine,  out  of 
jealousy,  accused  him  of  miUversatioo, 
his  faithful  servant  Allegre  was  put 
to  the  rack  to  force  evidence  against  the 
accused,  and  Chabot  was  sent  to  prison 
beotase  he  was  unable  to  pay  the  fine 
levied  upon  him.  His  innocence,  how- 
ever, was  established  by  the  confession  of 
his  enemies,  and  he  was  released ;  but 
dismce  had  made  so  deep  an  impression 
on  nis  mind  that  he  sickened  and  died. 
This  is  the  subject  of  a  trsgedy  entitled 
The  Traaedy  of  PhUip  Chabot,  etc,,  by 
(zeorge  Chapman  and  James  Shirley. 

Chad'band  (7^  Hev,  Mr,),  type  of 
a  canting  hypocrite  "in  the  ministry." 
He  calls  himself  "a  vessel,'*  is  much 
admired  by  his  dupes,  and  pr^ends  to 
despise  the  "carnal  world,"  but  never- 
theless loves  dearly  its  "good  things," 
and  is  most  self-indulgent.— C  Dickens. 
Bleak  House  (1853). 

Chafflngton  {Mr,  Peroy),  M.P.,  a 
stock-broker.— T.  M,  Morton,  Jf  I  had  a 
Thousand  a  Fear, 

Chalbrook,  the  giant,  ttie  root  <^ 
the  race  of  giants,  including  Polj^pbeme 
rs  syl.),  Goliath,  the  Titans,  Fierabraa, 
Gargantua,  and  closing  with  Pautai^niel. 
He  was  bom  in  the  year  known  n>r  its 
"  week  of  three  Thursdays."— Rabelais, 
Pantagruel,  u.  (1588). 

Chal'ybea  (8  syl.),  a  people  on  the 
south  shore  of  the  Black  Sea,  who  oeen- 
pied  themselves  in  the  working  of  iron* 

On  the  left  hand  dwtll 
The  iroB-worken  called  the  Chalybli, 
Of  whom  beware. 

I.  B.  Brawnlng.  l>»«aM(keM  SMMfClflMib 


vILAaL* 


176 


CHANTICLESB. 


Cham,  tili€  peeudonym  of  comte 
Am^ee  de  No^  a  peer  of  France,  a  great 
wit,  and  the  political  earicatorist  of 
Ckarieari  {^h^  French  Pvnch),  The  count 
was  one  of  the  foandem  of  the  French 
RcpubUc  ta  1876.  As  Cham  or  Ham  was 
the  Moood  eon  and  scapegrace  of  Noah, 
10  Am^d^was  the  second  son  and  scape- 
grace of  the  comte  de  No^  [^Noahl* 

Ckfim  of  lAteraturt,  the  Qreat,  a  niek- 
name  giren  to  Dr.  Samuel  Johnson  bj 
Smollett  in  a  letter  to  John  Wilkes  (1709- 
17M). 

Chaxn  of  Tartaxy,  a  eonraption 
of  Chan  or  Khan,  ue.  **  lord  or  prince,** 
as  Hoecota  Chan.  "Ula  Qian'^  means 
** great  lord,**  "ula**  Uan^  eqnal  to  the 
Lran  magmu,  and  "  chan  "  to  dmumu  or 
imperitor.  Sometimes  the  word  is  joined 
to  tihe  name,  as  Chan^-balu,  Cara-chan, 
cte.  The  Tnrks  have  also  had  their 
"Sultan  Mmad  chan  bin  Snltan  Selim  f 
chan,**  u€,  Sultam  Murad  jarmoe,  son  of 
Adtan  8eHm  prmc».— Selden,  TitU»  of 
Bammr^  tL  66  (1672). 

Cham'berlain  {Matihew\  a  tapster, 
the  snoeessor  of  Old  Roger  Baine  (1  «y/.). 
—Sir  W.  Scott,  P^om/ 0/ tA«  Pd(U  (time, 
"     "     II.). 


CThamont,    brotiier     of     Monimia 

''the   orphan,**    and    the   troth -plight 

hnshand  of  Seri'na  (daughter   of   lord 

Acasto).    He  is  a  soldier,  so  prood  and 

losceptible  thai  he  is  for  ever  taking 

offence,  and  setting  himself  up  as  censor 

or  duunpion.      He    fancies    his   sister 

Mmim'ia  has  losv  her  honour.  Mad  calls 

her  to  task,  but  finds  he  is  mistaken. 

He  faiimes  her  guardian,  old  Acasto,  has 

■ot  been  suiBciently  watchful  OTer  her,  and 

draws  npon  him  in  his  anger,  but  sees  his 

foUjr  lost  in  time  to  prevent  nuschiel.  He 

iMoes  Castslio,  his  sister*!  husband,  has 

ilMreated  her,  and  threaten!  to  kill  him, 

bat  his  mspicions  are  again  alto^ther 

enoDeoua.    In  fact,  his  presence  m  the 

hoose  was  like  that  of  a  mad  man  with 

iie4>iaads  in  %  stack-jard. — Otway,  Tks 

OrpJkm  (1680). 

in  vUob  IM  (a  M.  r««Ni#1  k 

pcttet.    Ub  ^Piam"  (rente 

Otiaw]  to  man  loldlflf^  thm  Kamblt'i; 

lant- b  fWl  •!  bfoUMrir  priifo.  boM*  tm- 

tuA  baraie  wanL—Mmm  MmttiUw  Magadm* 

Champagne  {Henry  earl  of)^  a 
erasadcr.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Taliaman 
(ttme,  Richard  I.). 

Chaxa'peniel',  *  lame  old  gentle- 
asa,  the  husband  of  Lami'ra,  and  son- 


in-law  of  judge  Yertaigne  (2  <:v/*)* — 
Beanmottt  and  Fletcher,  iTie  Little  French 
Lawyer  (1647). 

Cluunpion  and  Severall.  A 
**diampion**  is  a  common,  or  land  in 
allotments  without  enclosures.  A 
'* severall**  is  a  private  farm,  or  land 
enclosed  for  individiud  use.  A  **  cham- 
pion *'  also  means  one  who  holds  an  open 
allotment  or  "  champion.** 

More  proat  b  qolctar  foand 
(Whan  pmCbtm  In  MvanO  hi) 

Of  <MM  MoV  •£»  of  crooDd. 
Tbui  dMunplon  nuikcUi  of  tfmai 

AaalD  wteta  J07  It  It  knows 

wuB  BMu  inajr  ba  bold  of  tbeir  own  I 

Tamr,  /«m Hut»dr«d ro*mt»^999lL 

Again: 

Hm  oktfMfiiMi  (Dnn  van  aaaanrilBMMB 
Par  vmt  of  partldoo,  aloriar.  aad  ndL 

~        tfntr.).  OW)* 


Champion  of  the  Vix]gixL    St. 

Cyril  of  Alexandria  is  so  caUedfrom  his 
defence  of  the  "  Incarnation  **  or  doctrine 
of  the  "hypostatic  union,**  in  the  long 
Mid  stormy  dispute  with  Neeto'rius 
bishop  of  Constantinoide. 

Ohampneys  (Sir  Qeoffry)^  a  fossi- 
lized old  country  gentleman,  who  believes 
in  "blue  blood"  and  the  "  British  peer- 
age.*' Father  of  Talbot,  and  neighbour 
of  P^l^  Middlewick,  a  retired  butter- 
man.  The  sons  of  these  two  ma^^tee 
are  fast  friends,  but  are  turned  adnft  by 
their  fathers  for  marrying  in  opposition 
to  their  wishes.  Yfhen  reaoced  to  abject 
poverty,  the  old  men  go  to  visit  th^ 
sons,  relent,  and  all  ends  happily. 

Talbot  ChampneySf  a  swell  with  few 
brains  and  no  energy.  His  name,  which 
was  his  passport  into  society,  would  not 
find  him  in  salt  in  the  battle  of  life. 
He  marries  Mary  Melrose,  a  girl  without 
a  penny,  but  his  father  wanted  him  to 
man^  Violet  the  heiress. 

iftsi  ChamjMeySi  sir  Geoffr^*8  sister, 
proud  and  aristocratic,  but  quite  willing 
to  sacrifice  both  on  the  altar  of  Mr. 
Perkyn  Middlewick,  the  butterman,  if 
the  wealthy  plebeian  would  make  her 
his  wife,  and  allow  her  to  spend  his 
money. — ^H.  J.  Byron,  Our  Boys  (1876). 

Cbandos  Houbg  (Cavendish  Square, 
London),  so  called  from  being  the  resi- 
dence of  James  Brydges,  duke  of  Qian- 
dos,  generally  called  "The  Princely 
Chandos.** 

Oluiiidos  Street.    (See  Cabibbb 

ISLAVDS.) 

Ohan'tioleer  (3  jy/.),  the  ooek,  in 


CHAONIAN  BIBD. 


176 


CHARLEMAGNE,  ETC. 


n 


the  beast-epic  of  Reynard  the  Fox  (1498), 
mnd  also  in  **  The  Nonne  Preste's  Tale,^ 
told  in  The  Canterbury  Taies^  by  Chaucer 
(1388). 

Chaon'ion  Bird  {The)^  the  dove; 
to  olIIcmI  becaose  doves  delivered  the 
oracles  of  DodCna  or  Chaon'ia. 

Bat  the  mild  iw»Ilow  none  vitb  toOa  Inlat, 
And  none  tbt  aoft  Chaoobui  bird  moleit 

Orid.il  It  4^  X«M.B. 

Chaofdan  ^Pocd,  acorns,  so  called  from 
the  oak  trees  of  Doddna,  which  gave  out 
the  oracles  by  means  of  bells  hung 
among  the  branches.  Beech  mast  is  so 
called  also,  because  beech  trees  abounded 
is.  the  forest  of  Dodona. 

Chapelle  Aventureuse,  the 
place  where  Launcelot  had  his  second 
vision  of  the  "Beatific  Cup."  His  first 
was  during  his  fit  of  madness. 


Sfambcrlng.  1m  Mw  the  Tiiioa 

He  adglit  not  tIcw  wlCb  waking  cjre. 

Or  W.  Boott.  MvrmUm  (1808). 

Characters  of  Vathek's  Sabres. 
*<  Like  the  characters  of  Vathek's  sabres, 
they  never  remained  two  days  alike. 
These  sabres  would  deal  blows  without 
being  wielded  by  man,  obedient  to  his 
wish  only.— W.  Beckford,  Vathek  (1784). 

Chaxalois,  son  of  the  marshal  of 
Burgundy.  When  he  was  28  years  old, 
his  father  died  in  prison  at  Dijon,  for 
debts  contracted  by  him  for  the  service 
of  the  State  in  the  wars.  According  to 
the  law  which  then  prevailed  in  France, 
the  body  of  the  marshal  was  seized  by 
his  creditors,  and  refused  burial.  The 
son  of  Charalois  redeemed  his  father's 
body  by  his  own,  which  was  shut  up  in 
prison  in  lieu  of  the  'marshal's. — Philip 
Massin^r,  The  Fatal  Dowry  (1632). 

(It  will  be  remembered  that  Milti'ad6s, 
the  Athenian  general,  died  in  prison  for 
debt,  and  the  creditors  claimed  the  body, 
whidi  they  would  not  sufFer  to  be  buried 
till  his  son  Cimon  gave  up  himself  as 
a  hostage.) 

Char'egite  (d  8yL),  The  C^aiegite 
assassin,  in  the  disguise  of  a  Turkic 
marabout  or  enthusiast,  comes  and  dances 
before  the  tent  of  Richard  Coeur  de  Lion, 
and  suddenlv  darting  forward,  rs  about 
to  stab  the  king,  when  a  Nubiui  seizes 
his  arm,  and  the  king  kills  the  assassin 
on  the  si)Ot.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Taiiaman 
(time,  Richard  L). 

Chariole'ia»  the /ano^tf  of  Theag'engf, 
in  the  Greek  romance  called  The  Looc9  of 


27ieafjene$  and  Charideia^  by  Heliodo'ros 
bishop  of  Trikka  (fourth  century). 

Chari'nOy  father  of  Angelina.  Charino 
wishes  Angelina  to  many  Clodio,  a  young 
coxcomb ;  but  the  lady  prefers  his  elder 
brother  Carlos,  a  young  bookworm. 
I^ve  changes  die  character  of  the  difii- 
dent  Carlos,  and  Charino  at  last  accepts 
him  for  his  son-in-law.  Charino  is  a 
testy,  obstinate  old  man,  who  wants  to 
rule  the  whole  world  in  his  own  way. — 
C.  Cibber,  Love  Makes  the  Man  (1694). 

Chariva'rL  In  the  middle  ages  « 
"  charivari  "  consisted  of  an  assemolage 
of  ragamuffins,  who,  armed  with  tin  pots 
and  pans,  fire-shovels,  and  kettles, 
gathered  in  the  dark  outside  the  house  of 
any  obnoxious  person,  making  the  night 
hideous  by  striking  the  pots  against  the 
pans,  and  howling  '*  Haro !  haro  !**  or  (in 
the  south)  "  Han!  hari  ! "  In  1563,  the 
Council  of  Trent  took  the  matter  up,  and 
solemnly  interdicted  **  chari varies  **  undci 
pain  of  excommunication ;  nevertheless, 
the  practice  continues  in  Fiance  to  this 
day,  notably  in  the  village  of  La  Rus- 
cade. 

In  East  Lavant,  near  Chichester,  be- 
tween 1869  and  1872,  I  have  witnessed 
three  such  visitations  made  to  difPerent 
houses.  In  two  cases  the  husband  had 
bullied  his  wife,  and  in  one  the  wife  had 
injured  her  husband  with  a  broomstick. 
The  visitation  in  all  cases  was  made  for 
three  successive  nights,  and  the  villagers 
assured  me  confidently  that  the  "  law  had 
no  power  to  suppress  these  demonstra- 
tions." 

Charlemagne  and  His  Pala- 
dins. This  series  of  romances  is  of 
French  ori{^ ;  as  the  Arthurian  is  Welsh 
or  British.  It  b^;an  with  the  legendary 
chronicle  in  verse,  called  Historia  de  Vita 
Carola  Magm  et  Rolandi,  erroneously  at- 
tributed to  Turpin  archbidiop  of  Rheims 
(a  contemporary  of  Chariemagne),  but 

Iirobably  written  200  or  300  years 
ater.  The  chief  of  the  series  are  ilwm 
of  Bordeaux^  Gverin  de  Monglanoe.,  Gay- 
ten  Rhetore  (in  which  Charlemagne  and 
his  paladins  proceed  in  mufti  to  the  Hoh 
Land),  Miie*  and  AmeSj  Jawdain  de 
RlaveSy  Doolm  de  Mauence,  Ogier  le 
DanaiSf  and  Maugia  the  Enchanter, 

Chariemagne' s  Stature,  We  are  told 
that  Chariemagne  was  *' eight  f^  high," 
and  so  strong  that  he  could  "stnignten 
with  his  hands  alone  three  horse-shoes 
at  once."  His  diet  and  his  dress  were 
both  as  simple  as  possible. 


CHARLEMAGNE  OF  SERYIA.       177 


CHARLESES  WAIX. 


OhaHemagne'a Nme  Wives:  (1)  Hamil- 
trnde,  a  poor  /rencfawomao,  who  bore  him 
leroal  childroi.  (2)  Desidera'ta,  who 
VMdiroroed.  (8)  Hildcgmide.  (4)  Fas- 
tiade,  danghW  of  count  Rodolpn  the 
Saxon.  (6J  Luitgarde  the  German.  The 
last  three  died  before  him.  (6)  Malte- 
fpude.  (7)  GerstuDde  the  Saxon.  (8) 
Rtftoa.    (9)  Adalinda. 

ChaHemagnt^a  ^eord^  La  Joyenae. 

Oiarte$Mcme  and  the  Ring,  Faaqtiier 
says  that  Qiarlea  le  Grand  fell  in  love 
vith  a  peasant  girl  [AgaAa],  in  whoae 
society  he  seemed  bewitcheo,  inaomnch 
that  all  matters  of  State  were  neglected 
Whim;  batthegirldied,  to  the  great  joy 
of  aiL  What,  however,  was  the  astoniah- 
ment  of  the  court  to  find  that  the  king 
tecased  no  leas  bewitched  with  the  dead 
body  than  he  had  been  with  the  living,  and 
■pent  all  day  and  night  with  it,  even  when 
its  smell  was  quite  offensive.  Archbishop 
Tunin  felt  convinced  there  was  f orcery 
in  tois  strange  infstustion,  and  on  ex- 
aauning  the  hodv,  found  a  ring  under 
the  toi^^iie,  which  he  removed.  Charle- 
BMcne  now  lost  all  r^ard  for  the  dwid 
body;  but  followed  Turpin,  with  whom 
he  seemed  infstnatfd  ■  The  archbishop 
DOW  bethon^t  him  of  the  ring,  which  he 
thcew  ioto  a  pool  at  Aix,  where  Charle- 
magne built  a  palace  and  monastery,  and 
ao  not  in  Ae  worid  had  such  attractions 
for  him  as  Aix-la-Qiapelle,  where  "the 
xiag**  was  buried. — Recherche  de  la 
/Vmicr,  vi.  «8. 

Charlemoijne  not  dead.  According  to 
legend^  Charlemagne  waits  croMmed  and 
armed  ra  Odenberg  (Hesae)  or  Untersberg, 
Dear  Saltzburg,  tiU  the  time  of  antichrist, 
when  he  will  wake  up  and  deliver  Christen- 
dora.    (See  BARBABoasA.) 

Gmnaagneamd  Yeara  of  Plenty,  Ac- 
eording  to  German  legend,  Charlemagne 
appears  in  seasons  of  ^enty.  He  crosses 
the  Rhine  on  a  golden  bridige,  and  blesses 
both  eom-ficlds  and  vinejruda. 


Nao4Ml.  Ba  iMMfkl 
iark(M8i«fSsfir 


Charlemagne  of  8ervia»  Stephen 


t 


Charles  H.  of  T>^»gi«"ii,  introduced 
r  sir  W.  Scott  in  two  novels,  viz., 
Wif  of  the  Peak  and  Woodetoek.  In 
Uiis  latter  he  appears  first  as  a  gipsy 
woman,  and  afterwards  nnder  the  name 
of  Louis  Kemegny  (Albert  Lee's  page). 

Charles  XII.  of  Sweden.  "  Deter- 
■hwd  to  brave  the  seasons^  as  he  had 
ioBe  his  enemies,  Clutries  XII.  ventured 


to  make  long  marches  during  the  oold 
of  the  memorable  winter  of  17^.  In  one 
of  these  marches  2000  of  his  men  died 
from  the  cold. 

Or  ham  the  lite  that  biwding  ttMHW mh  Vt^t. 
Maicbcd  bf  their  OmtIm  to  Dulcper^  •VMnpyihocvs 
Fidnt  bi  hta  woandi.  mmI  aiilvwlii*  la  Um  bkMt. 
Ibe  SviBdIili  •ekUar  Munk.  and  gnaiMd  hi*  faHt 

Oimplwn.  Th»  Mmumrm  t/  tt^jM,  tt.  (ITSS). 

(Planch^  has  an  historical  drama,  in 
two  acts,  called  Charlea  XII, ;  and  the 
Life  of  Charlea  XII.^  bv  Voltaire,  is  con- 
sidered to  be  one  of  the  best-written 
historical  works  in  the  French  language.) 

Charles  "the  Bold,**  duke  of  bur- 
gundy, introduced  by  sir  W.  Scott  in 
two  novels,  viz.,  QuenUn  Dunoard  and 
Aitne  i3f  Oeieratem.  The  Utter  novel 
contains  an  account  of  the  battle  of 
Nancy,  where  Qiarles  was  slain. 

Charlee  prince  f  Wales  (called  "Babie 
Charies"),  son  of  James  I.,  introduced  by 
sir  W.  ScoU  in  The  Fortunea  of  Nigel. 

CItarlea  ''the  Good,'*  earl  of  Flanders. 
In  1127  he  passed  a  law  that  whoever 
married  a  serf  should  become  a  serf: 
thus   if    a  prince   married   a   serf,    the 

Crince  would  become  a  serf.  This  absurd 
vm  caused  his  death,  and  the  death  of 
the  best  blood  in  Bruges. — S.  Knowles, 
77i*  Proooft  of  Brugea  (1886). 

Charles  Bdward  [Btuart] ,  called 
''The  Chevalier  Prince  Charles  Edward, 
the  Young  Pretender,**  introduced  by  sir 
W.  Scott  in  Bedffauntlet  (time,  George 
III.),  first  as  "father  Buonaventura,** 
and  afterwards  as  "  Pretender  to  the 
British  crown.**  He  is  again  introduced 
in  Waverley  (time,  George  II.). 

Charles  Smmanuel,  son  of  Victor 
Amade'us  (4  ay  I.)  king  of  Sardinia.  In 
1730  his  faittier  abdicated,  but  somewhat 
later  wanted  his  son  to  restore  the  crown 
again.  This  he  refused  to  do ;  and  when 
Victor  plotted  against  him,  D*Orme'a 
was  sent  to  arrest  the  old  man,  and  he 
died.  Qiarles  was  brave,  patient,  single- 
minded,  and  truthful.— K.  Brownmg, 
King  Victor  and  King  Charlea^  etc. 

Charles's  Wain,  the  constellation 
called  The  Great  Bear,  a  corruption  of 
the  old  English  ceorlea  ween  (*'  the  churFs 
or  farmers  waggon**),  sometimes  still 
further  corrupted  into  *'King  Charles's 

*        ft 

wain.^ 

Hdshlw!  AatbaiMtfovbsrtlMdair.  IHbahuisML 
GhariM'  wala  It  ofw  Um  naw  tbiaum.—Mnkeipmn, 
I  Bmtrp  /r.  aotU.  K.  1  (1IB7). 

Ooold  ha  not  bes  tba  loan  of  Chartot**  waIb. 


CHAKLET. 


178 


CHASTE. 


Charley  [A)^  an  imperial,  or  toft  of 
hair  on  the  chin. 


▲  toft  «f  hair  OB  kli  dda.  tmwad  mmmoqmuUj  m 
"  tniNrfal."  bat  buiilUwly  •  "Chukjr-  — &•  M.  J^ftmrn, 
Tk*  9M  B»  LtfthaUm^Mim,  L  ft. 

Chartey^  pla.  ChariieSf  an  old 
watchman  or  "nisht  guardian,**  before 
the  introduction  of  the  police  force  by 
sir  Robert  Peel,  in  1829.  So  caUed  from 
Charies  I.,  who  extended  and  improved 
the  police  system. 

Chariot,  a  messenger  from  Lifige  to 
Louis  XI.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Quentm  Dur- 
toard  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Charlotte,  the  faithful  sweetheart  of 
young  Wilmot,  supposed  to  hare  perished 
atsea.--Geo.  LiUo,  Faial  Cmriotity  (1786). 

Charlotte,  the  dumb  girl,  in  love  with 
Leander;  but  her  father,  sir  Jasper, 
wants  her  to  marry  Mr.  Dapper.  In 
order  to  avoid  this  hateful  alliance,  Char- 
lotte pretends  to  be  dumb,  and  only 
answers,  **  Han,  hi,  han,  hon."  The 
"mock  doctor**  employs  Leander  as  his 
apothecary,  and  the  younj^  lady  is  soon 
cured  by  "  pills  matnmoniac**  In 
Molibre*s  Le  M^decin  Malgnf  Ltu,  Oua- 
lotte  is  called  '*  Lucinde.**  The  jokes  in 
act  ii.  6  are  verbally  copied  from  the 
French.— H.  Fielding,  The  Mock  Doctor, 

Ouwlotte,  daughter  of  sir  John  Lam- 
bert, in  The  Hypocrite^  by  Is.  Bicker- 
staff  (1768) ;  in  love  with  Damley.  She 
is  a  giddy  girl,  fond  of  tormenting  Dam- 
ley  ;  but  being  promised  in  marriage  to 
Dr.  Cantwell,  who  is  69,  and  whom  she 
utterly  detests,  she  becomes  somewhat 
sobered  do¥m,  and  promises  Damley  to 
become  his  loving  wife.  Her  constant 
exclamation  is  **  Lud !  '*  In  Moli^*s 
comedy  of  Tartuffe,  Charlotte  is  odled 
**  Manane,**  and  Damley  is  '*  Val^.*' 

Charlotte,  the  pert  maid-servant  of  the 
countess  Wintersen.  Her  father  was 
"  state  coachman.'*  Charlotte  is  jealous 
of  Mrs.  Haller,  and  behaves  radely  to 
her  (see  act  ii.  8). — Benjamin  lliompson. 
The  Stranger  (1797). 

Char'totte,  servant  to  Sowerberry.  A 
dishonest,  rough  servant-girl,  who  ill- 
treats  Oliver  Twist,  and  roM  her  master. 
— C.  Dickens,  Olioer  Twist  (1837). 

Charlotte  (Lady),  the  servant  of  a  lady 
so  called.  She  assumes  the  airs  with  the 
name  and  address  of  her  mistress.  The 
servants  of  her  ovm  and  other  households 
address  her  as  <*  Your  ladyship,**  or 
**  lady  (Charlotte ; "  but  though  so  mighty 


grand,  she  is  '*  noted  for  a  plaguy  pair  of 
thick  l^s.** — Rev.  James  Tonniley,  High 
Life  Mow  Stairs  (1759). 

Charlotte  Elisabeth,  whose  sur- 
name was  Phelan,  afterwards  Tonna, 
author  of  ^numerous  books  for  children, 
tales,  etc.  (1825-1862). 

Charlotte  QoodohildL  a  merchant** 
orphan  daughter  ot  lai^e  fortune.  She 
is  pestered  by  many  lovers,  and  her 
guardian  nves  oat  that  she  has  lost  all 
Her  money  ny  the  bankruptcy  of  his  house. 
On  this  all  her  suitors  out  one  call  off, 
and  that  one  is  sir  Calla^ian  0*BraUagfaan, 
who  declares  he  loves  her  now  as  an 
equal,  and  one  whom  he  can  serve,  but 
before  he  loved  her  "with  foar  and 
trembling,  like  a  man  that  loves  to  be  a 
soldier,  yet  is  afraid  of  a  gun.**— C  Mack- 
lin,  Love  a-ia^mode  (1779). 

Char'miao,  a  kind-hearted,  simple- 
minded  attendMit  on  Cleopatra.  After 
the  queen*s  death,  she  applied  one  of  the 
asps  to  her  own  arm,  ana  when  the  Roman 
soldiers  entered  the  room,  fell  down 
dead. — Shakespeare,  AfUony  and  Cleopatra 
(1608). 

Char'teriB  (Sir  Patrick)  of  Kin- 
fauns,  provost  of  Perth. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Fair  Maid  of  Perth  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

Chartist  Cleivymau  (The),  Rer. 
Charles  Kingsley  (1809-1877). 

Chartre  (Le  haiet  qu*  a  la),  the 
promise  of  a  candidate  to  those  he  can- 
vasses. The  promise  of  a  minister  or 
prince,  which  ne  nuUies  from  politeness, 
and  forgets  as  soon.  Ah,  le  bon  billet  qu*  a 
la  C/tanre, — Ninon  de  Lenclos. 

Charyllis,  in  Spenser's  pastoml 
Colin  QwU^s  Come  Home  Again,  is  lady 
Compton.  Her  name  was  ^ne,  and  she 
was  the  fifth  of  the  six  daughters  of  sir 
John  Spenser  of  Althorpe,  Lancaster,  of 
the  noble  houses  of  Spenser  and  Marl- 
borough. Edmund  Spenser  dedicated  to 
her  his  satirical  fable  called  Mother 
Hubbard's  Tale  (1591).  She  was  thrice 
married,  her  first  husbsod  was  lord  Mont- 
eagle,  and  her  third  was  Robert  lord 
Buckhurst  (son  of  the  poet  Sackville), 
who  succeeded  his  father  in  1608  as  earl 
of  Dorset. 


No  iMi  praiNiNMlbr  «v  Om  drt«n  I 
Tbe  honour  of  Um  noblo  bmttjr 
Of  whkfa  I  mcMMrt  boMt  myim  to  ba, .  .  . 
PbjrllK  ChanrUtai  tuid  ivwt  AmmtjUiBi 
PhjrlU*  Um  fair  U  cUMt  of  di*  Uirao^ 
Ibe  nest  to  h«r  !•  boaatifkil  dMiylUi. 

<Mm  Cfoitfi  Cmite  M»mu  Aemlm(mt^ 

Chaate  {Th&)t  Alfonso  U.    of  Ai 


CHAflTTIT. 


179 


CHEERTBLE  BEOTHERS. 


taiM  Md  Leon  (768,  791-886  abdicated, 
died  843). 

Chactity  (Tests  of):  Alasnam's 
minor,  Azthnr's  drinking-norn,  the  boy's 
mantle,  cutting  the  brawn's  head,  Flori- 
mel*s  girdle,  mt  horn  of  fiddity,  la  coape 
fnchantrfe,  the  mantle  of  fidelity,  the 
grotto  of  E^heans,  etc.  (See  Cabadoc, 
and  each  aiticle  named.) 

Chateau     en     Espagne.     (See 

CaSTLB  IK  THB  Am.) 

Chatookee,    an    Indian   bird,  that 

never  drinks  at  a  stream,  but  catches  the 

nun-drops  in  falling. — Penod,    AocotaU 

ofOe&qjtiat  Mtiaskmaries,  U.  809. 

■  thiw  to  thi*  atnagB  Indko  bird. 
«|«  la  «Mtl4r  ■tKOH  b«r  hm. 

1  of  eocDliig  Ao««r»  U  iMsri. 

B  the  doudt  ncefvM  her  Sn. 

r.  Omrm^K^tmma,  ud.  6  ^miU 


Chaf tanach  (JPOaiis),  chief  of  the 
daa  Chattaa.— «ir  W.  Scott,  Fair  Maid 
of  p€rtA  (time,  Henry  TV,}. 

Chafterley  (Bet.  Smon),  "the  man 
of  religion  **  at  the  Spa,  one  of  the  manag- 
ing committee.--Sir  W.  Scott,  &. 
Moman's  WeU  (time,  George  III.). 

Chaubert  (M<m»,\  Master  Chif- 
foch*8  cook.— Sir  W.  Scott,  PeterU  of  the 
PaoA  (time,  Charles  U.). 


CSiaooer  of  Franoe,  G^ent 
Marot  (1484-1644). 

GSiaa^tUk  Amwance  personified  in 
Tke  PwrpU  Isktnd,  by  Phineas  Fletcher 
(16S8).  "Fondly  himself  with  praising 
he  dispnised.**  Folly  described  in  canto 
viii.    (Greek,  cAotmos,  *'  vain.**) 

Chau'vinism,  a  blind  idolatnr  of 
Napoleon  I.  Now  it  is  applied  to  a  blind 
idolatry  of  France  and  rrenchmen.  A 
c&oaem  is  the  person  who  idolizes.  The 
word  is  taken  from  "Chaovin**  in 
Scribe's  Sotdat  IjtAowew.  a  veteran 
soldier  of  the  first  empire,  wnose  admira- 
tion of  Napoleon  was  nnbonnded,  and 
who  honoured  eren  **  the  shadow  of  his 
ihoe-tie.'* 

U7L 


Cheap  as  tlie  Bardin'ians 
{Latin).  The  reference  is  to  the  rast 
crowds  of  Sardinian  prisoners  and  slares 
bronght  to  Rome  by  Tiberins  Gracchns. 

Cheap  Jack  means  market  Jack  or 
Jack  the  chapman.  (Anglo-Saxon,  ohepe, 
''a  market,**  hence  Ckeap-^side.) 

Cheatly  (2  «y/.),  a  lewd,  impmdent 


debauchee  of  Alsatia  (Wkitefriars).  Ha 
dares  not  leave  the  **  refoge  **  by  reason 
of  debt ;  bat  in  the  precincts  he  fieeoea 
yoong  heirs  of  entail,  helps  them  to 
money,  and  becomes  bound  for  them. — 
Shadwell,  Squire  of  Alsatia  (1688). 

ChelDar,  the  tutelar  angel  of  Mary, 
lister  of  Martha  and  LAzaras  of  Bethany* 
— Rlopstock,  The  Messiah,  xu.  (1771). 

Ched'erasa'de  (5  sy/.),  mother  of 
Hem'junah  and  wife  of  Zebene'zer 
saltan  of  GassimiK.  Her  dau^ter  having 
run  away  to  prevent  a  forc^  marriage 
with  the  prince  of  Georgia,  whom  she  had 
never  seen,  the  snltana  oined  away  and 
died.-Sir  C.  MoreU  [J.  ffidley],  Tales  <^ 
the  Genu  ("Princess  of  Cassimir,"  taia 
vii.,  1761). 

Chederles  (8  syl.),  a  Moslem  hero, 
who,  like  St.  George,  saved  a  virgin 
exposed  to  the  tender  mercies  of  a  huge 
dragon.  He  also  drank  of  the  waters  of 
immortality,  and  lives  to  render  aid  in 
war  to  any  who  invoke  it. 

WWn  OMwriiiooMMB 
To  aU  ttw  MfMkm  on  hk  dMUklM  bona. 
.  .  .  M  Uf]  be  had  newly  qmSU 
hkUen  waien  of  eternal  fouth. 
Southajr.  JeM  1/ ilre.  vl.  sot.  ali.  (UVk 


Cheener  (/WinA),  an  outspoken 
bachelor.  He  marries  Kate  Tyson. — 
Wybert  Reeve,  Parted. 

Cheerly*  (Mrs.),  daughter  of  colonel 
Woodlev.  After  being  married  three 
years,  she  was  left  a  widow,  young,  hand- 
some, rich,  lively,  and  gay.  She  came 
to  London,  and  was  seen  in  the  opera  by 
Frank  Heartall,  an  open-hearted,  im- 
pulsive young  merchant,  who  fell  in 
love  with  her,  and  followed  her  to  her 
lod^ng.  Ferret,  the  villain  of  ttie  story, 
misinterpreted  all  the  kind  actions  of 
Frank,  attributing  his  gifts  to  hush- 
money  ;  but  his  character  was  amply  vin- 
dicated, and  "  the  soldier's  daughter  ** 
became  his  blooming  wife. — Qierry, 
The  Soldier's  Daughter  (1804). 

Mia  VNefll.  at  Uia  mb  of  IS.  nado  bar  dStmt  at  tha 
Aeatia  tUml,  Cnm  BMot.  fai  ISll.  as  "Ibe  Wldov 
Chsar|r.'--w.  r — " — 


Cheeryble  Brothers  (The)y  brother 
Ned  and  mother  Charles,  the  incarnations 
of  all  that  is  warmhearted,  generous, 
benevolent,  and  kind.  They  were  onco 
homeless  boys  running  about  the  streets 
barefooted,  and  when  they  grew  to  be 
wealthy  London  merchants,  were  ever 
ready  to  stretch  forth  a  helping  hand  to 
those  struggling  against  toe  bnlEtts  <tf 
fortune. 


C/£L££S£« 


180 


CHESTER  MTSTERIES. 


f^ronk  Cheeryble,  nephew  of  the  brothen 
Cheervble.  He  mamed  Kate  Nickleby. 
— C.  Dickens,  NichoUu  NickUby  (1838). 

Cheese.  The  "  ten  topping  guests." 
(See  CiftLEY.) 

Cheeae  ^Dr,),  an  English  translation 
of  the  Latin  Dr,  CaseuSy  that  is.  Dr.  John 
Chase,  a  noted  quack,  who  was  l>om  in  the 
reign  of  Charles  II.,  and  died  in  that  of 
queen  Anne. 

Cheese-Cakes.  Sir  W.  Scott,  aUud- 
ing  to  the  story  of  "  Nour'eddin'  AH  and 
BM'reddin'  Hassan,**  in  the  Arabian  Nights' 
EniertammmUi  makes  in  four  or  fire 
lines  as  many  blunders.  The  quotation  is 
from  The  /Icart  of  Midlothian, 

Wbm,  i.9.  Kflle  Deana.  wnawd  li«mlf  witti  Tfaddnf  tlw 
dalnr  .  .  .  aud  wm  immt  dtwowliig  barMlf  to  MiMry 
Hettejr  by  b«(ru1iig  bcr  nonwtntwnc*  with  Um  whbnitwl 
ranliH  for  Dunlop  cbeoM.  llwt  ibe  eanpand  bcndf  to 
Bedraddin  IIjumii.  vbom  th«  wUUr  Mm  /a(*#r4«t-J«w 
dlacovervd  by  hU  mpMrlatlve  i4Ul  In  eompoiliif  flr««ii»- 
tarU  m\ih  pejiptr  in  tkmn. 

(1)  It  was  not  **cream-tarto*'  but 
cheese-cakes.  (2)  The  charge  was  thai  he 
made  cheese-cakes  unt/iout  putting  pepper 
in  them,  and  not  **  cream-tarts  tr<M 
pepper.**  (3)  It  was  not  '*  the  vizier  his 
father-in-law,**  but  the  widow  of  Nour- 
eddin  Ali  and  the  mother  of  Bedreddin, 
who  made  the  discovery.  She  declared 
that  she  herself  had  given  the  receipt  to 
her  son,  and  it  was  known  to  no  one  else. 

Chemistry  (The  Father  of),  Amaud 
de  Yilleneuve  (1238-1314). 

Che'mos  (ch  »  k).  god  of  the  Moabites ; 
also  called  Baal-Pc'dr;  the  Pria'pus  or 
idol  of  turpitude  aud  obscenit}'.  Solomon 
built  s  temble  to  this  obscene  idol  *'  in 
the    hill     tnat    is    before    Jerusalem  ** 

il  Kitigs  xi.  7).  In  the  hierachy  of  hell 
f  ilton  gives  Chemos  the  fourth  rank :  (1) 
Satan,  (2)  Beelzebub,  (3)  Moloch,  (4) 
Chemos. 


Nest  ChcoMM.  th«  ob'i 
PeOr  bit  otheriuuiM. 


drsMl  of  Mcwb'a  mm  . 


PmruMM  LMt,  40t.  41t  (lOM). 


Cheq'uers,  a  public-house  sign ;  the 
arms  of  Fitz- Warren,  the  head  of  which 
house,  in  the  days  of  the  Plantagenets, 
was  invested  with  the  power  of  licensing 
vintcrs  and  publicans. 

The  Cheauera  of  Abingdon  Street,  West- 
minster,  tne  bearing  of  the  earls  of 
Arundel,  at  one  time  empowered  to  grant 
licences  to  public-houses. 

Cherone'aji  ( The)  or  The  Chrbonb'- 
▲M  Saor    (ch=k),  Plutarch,   who   was 


bom  at  Chserone'a,  in  Boeo'tia  (a.d.  46* 
120). 

Ibb  pimlM.  0  OMniBBUi  ■«•.  b  tbfaM  t 

Bwtttob  jumitt «  ami. 

Cher'rr,  the  lively  daughter  of  Bonl- 
fnce,  landlord  of  the  inn  at  Lichfield. — 
Geo.  Farquhar,  The  Beatu^  Stratagem 
(1706).     (See  Chert.) 

Cherrt/  (Andrew),  comic  actor  and  dra- 
matist (1762-1812),  author  of  The  Soldier's 
Daughter,  AH  for  Fame,  Two  Strings  to 
your  Bow,  The  Village,  Spanish  Dotlars, 
etc.  He  was  specially  noted  fbr  his  ex- 
cellent wigr. 


Shall  mkat  I 

FhMi  Cnary,  SkHRngtoo.  and  MvA«r  Ommf 
^rroo.  KngU^  Bmrd$  mttd  SeUck  MtwUmmn  (ISOO). 

%*  Mother  Ooose  is  a  pantomime  by 
C.  Dibdin. 

Cher'sett  (Anglo-Saxon,  chtrch-aett, 
or  "  church-seed,**  eodesia  semen),  a  cer- 
tain quota  of  wheat  annually  made  to  the 
Qiurch  on  St.  Marttn*s  Day. 

▲n  UuU  BtMunreor  whmtcykd  dMCMtt— X»Ml  V  0</S 
l»  Boxgro99  Privrw  (near  GbieheMMr). 

Cher'ublm  (2>o»),  the  *' bachelor  of 
Salamanca,**  who  is  placed  in  a  vast 
number  of  difl'erent  situations  of  life,  and 
made  to  associate  with  all  classes  of 
society,  that  the  authors  may  sprinkle 
his  satire  and  wit  in  every  cQrection. — 
Losage,  The  Baohelor  of  Salamanoa 
(1737). 

Cher'y,  the  son  of  Brunetta  (who  was 
the  wife  of  a  king's  brother),  married 
his  cousin  Fairstar,  daughter  of  the  king. 
He  obtained  for  his  cousin  the  three 
wonderful  things :  The  dancing  water, 
which  had  the  power  of  imparting 
beauty  ;  the  sin^^ing  apple,  which  had  the 
power  of  imparting  wit;  uid  the  little  green 
bird,  which  had  the  power  of  telling 
secrets. — Comtesse  D*Aunoy,  Fairy  Tales 
C'  The  Princess  Fairstar,**  1682). 

Ches'ter  (Sir  John),  a  plausible, 
foppish  villain,  Uie  sworn  enemy  of 
Geoffrey  Haredale,  by  whom  he  is  killed 
in  a  duel.  Sir  John  is  the  father  of  Hugh, 
the  gigAotic  servant  at  the  Maypole  inn. 

Edward  Chester,  son  of  sir  John,  and 
the  lover  of  Emma  Haredale. ^3.  Dickens, 
Bamaby  Budge  (1841). 

Chester  Mysteries,  certain  miracle- 
plays  performed  at  Chester,  composed  in 
1600,  1604,  1607,  and  printed  in  1848  for 
the  Shakespeare  Sociefy,  under  the  care 
of   Thomas  Wright.      (See  TowantLBT 

MrSTERIES.) 


CH£ST£RFI£LD. 


181     CHICKENS  AND  THE  AUGURS. 


Chestoraeld  (G4arto),  %  joxmg 
■SB  of  eenittfl,  the  hero  and  title  of  a 
BOirelbyMn.Trollope(1841).  The  object 
of  this  norel  it  to  latirize  the  state  of 
liiwirnw  in  Kngland,  and  to  hold  up  to 
eowtre  Mthon,  editors,  and  pablishers, 
m  prodigste,  sdifiah,  and  corrupt. 

Chesterfield  House  (London), 
boilt  by  Isaac  Ware  for  Fhihp  fonrtili 
esri  of  Chesterfield,  author  ot  Chester- 
fiebta  Letters  to  m»  Son  (1694-1773). 

Chesterton  (Patd),  nephew  to  Mr. 
Percy  Chaffington,  stock-broker  and  M.P. 
— T.  M .  Morton,  If  I  had  a  Thousand  a 
Tsar  (1764-1888). 

Chevalier  dlndnstrie,  a  man 
vho  Iir«8  by  his  wits  and  calls  himself  a 
"gentleman.** 

id.  ill  l|ii   fain—  gal 
<M  ri 
0719. 


CheyaUer  ICalfist  (Ztf).  So  sir 
Ijumeelot  odls  himself  after  he  was  cured 
of  his  madnmsi  The  meaning  of  the 
phrase  b  "  The  knight  who  has  done  ill,** 
or  "The  knight  who  has  trespassed.** — 
£r  T.  Malory,  History  of  Prince  Arthm-, 
m.  30  (1470). 

Cheveril  (Hans)^  the  ward  of  Mor- 

just   come    of   age.      Impulsire, 

hoi-blooded.     He  resolves  to 

a  rake,  bat  scorns  to  be  a  villain. 

However,    he    accidentally  meets   with 

Joanna  **the  deserted    daogfater,**   and 

hUa  m  love  with  her.    He  rescues  her 

from  the  dutches  of   Mrs.  Enfield  the 

oimp,  and  marries  her. — Holcroff,   The 

Deserted    Danghter    (altered    into    The 

Steward'^* 

M  rwoMir  Lmefl  fa  tb«  porffltm 

— -  ^•^■- ■Til."  in  r*«  ilUward, 

Dave^ttr.—W.  Later* 

Chevy  Chase  is  not  the  battle  of 
Otterbum,  although  the  two  are  mixed 
aptogeUier  in  the  ballad  BO  called.  Clievy 
Caaae  is  ^  chase  of  the  earl  of  Douglas 
among  "the  (^yriat  Hyla**  after  Percy 
of  Northumberland,  who  had  rowed  '*  he 
woold  hunt  there  three  days  without 
asking  the  wsrden*s  consent.*' 


w 


Ifaa  P«nl  owe  of  Northombnfhadik 

And  »  ?•«•  le  God  nnH  Im 
Ital  ht  wdMb  Wntr  to  Um  BOOl 
Of  Ckyriai  wkhln  dMM  thn. 

In  nMnnpr  or  dootkU  DoSlM 
Anid  that  wUk hlB  b*. 


LLl. 


Cbibia'bos,  the  Harmony  of  Nature 


perstmified;  a  musician,  the  friend  of 
Hiawatha,  and  ruler  in  the  land  of  spirits. 
When  he  played  on  his  {upe,  the  **  brooks 
ceased  to  murmur,  the  wood-birds  to  sing, 
the  SQuirrel  to  chatter,  and  the  rabbit  sat 
uprignt  to  look  and  listen.**  He  was 
drowned  in  lake  Superior  by  the  breaking 
of  the  ice. 

M«t  iMlofnd  bf  Hfanntfbn 
Wm  Um  ■Md*  CidMnbM; 
Ba  tba  b«t  of  an  nMHkteHk 
Ba  tha  fwwtait  of  aD  linsen- 

iM^hUov,  JWnwaraa.  tL  mA  Xf. 

Chioaoeau  [She'Ja.noTl^  a  litigious 
tradesman,  in  Les  Pkudewrsy  by  Badne 
(1668). 

Chiohl-Vaehe  (8  ly/.),  a  monster 
that  fed  only  on  good  women.  The  word 
means  the  "sorry  cow.**  It  was  all  skin 
and  bone,  because  its  food  was  so  ex- 
tremely scarce.    (See  Btoork.) 

O  BoMa  «TT«^  fcS  of  heish  prndanee. 
Let  noon  bunlllUa  your  lonfte  najrle  .  .  . 
Lcat  CUefai- Vaehe  foa  awoliva  In  bar  aotraBa. 
ChaoMr.  OmCOT^wry  Tmtm  {"  MarcfaantTt  fala."  1168). 

Chick  iMr.)f  brother-in-law  of  Mr. 
Dombey ;  a  stout  gentleman,  with  a 
tendency  to  whistle  and  hum  airs  at  in- 
opportune moments.  Mr.  C!hick  is  some- 
wnni  hen-pecked ;  but  in  the  matrimonial 
squalls,  though  apparently  beaten^  he  not 
un£re(^uently  rises  up  the  supenor  and 
gets  his  ovm  way. 

Louisa  Ckicky  Mr.  Dombey*s  married 
sister.  She  is  of  a  snappish  temper,  but 
dresses  in  a  most  juvoiile  style,  and  is 
persuaded  that  anything  can  be  accom- 
plished if  persons  will  only  "make  an 
effort.**— C.  Dickens,  Douiey  and  &m 
(1846). 

Chicken  {The\  Michael  Angelo 
Taylor,  barrister,  so  called  because  in  his 
maiden  speech^  1786,  he  said,  "  I  deliver 
this  opinion  with  great  deference,  being 
but  a  chicken  in  the  profession  of  the 
Uw.** 

(Sicken  (  The  Game),  a  low  fellow,  to  be 
heard  of  at  the  bar  of  the  Black  Badger. 
Mr.  Toots  selects  this  man  as  his  instruc- 
tor in  fencing,  betting,  and  self-defence. 
The  Chicken  has  short  hair,  a  low  fore- 
head, a  broken  nose,  and  "  a  considerable 
tract  of  bare  and  sterile  country  behind 
each  ear.** — C  Dickens,  Dombey  and  8om 
(1846). 

Chickens  and  the  Augurs. 
When  the  augurs  told  Publius  Claudins 
Pulcher,  the  Roman  consul,  who  was 
about  to  engage  the  Carthaginian  fleet, 
that  the  sacred  chickens  would  not  eati  he 


CHICKENSTALKEB. 


182 


CHILDREir. 


replied,  "Thea  toM  them  into  the  lea, 
that  they  may  driok." 

Chiok'enstalker  (Mrt,)^  a  stoat, 
bonny,  kind-hearted  woman,  who  keeps  a 
^nend  shop.  Toby  Veck,  in  his  draun, 
imagines  her  marned  to  Tueby,  the 
porter  of  sir  Joseph  Bowley.—C.  Dickens, 
The  Ckhnes  (1844). 

Chiok'weed  {Conkey,  i.e,  Naaey)^ 
the  man  who  robbed  himself.  He  was  a 
licensed  victualler  on  the  point  of  failing, 
and  gave  out  that  he  had  been  robbed  of 
827  guineas  **  by  a  tall  man  with  a  black 
patOA  over  his  eye."  He  was  much 
pitied,  and  numerous  subscriptions  were 
made  on  his  behalf.  A  detective  was 
sent  to  examine  into  the  **  robbery,**  and 
duckweed  would  cry  out,  **  There  he  is  I  ** 
and  run  after  the  '* hypothetical  thief*' 
for  a  considerable  distance,  and  then  lose 
sight  of  him.  This  occurred  over  and 
over  again,  and  at  last  the  detective  said 
to  him,  '*  Fve  found  out  who  done  this 
here  robbery.**  "Have  you?**  said 
duckweed.  "  Yes,**  says  Spyers,  "  you 
done  it  yourself.**  And  so  he  had.---G. 
OlifMr  IWW,  xxxL  (1887). 


Ohif  finoh  (Master  Thotiuu).  aliat 
Will  Smith,  a  friend  of  Richard  Gan- 
lesse  (2  sy/.).  The  private  emissary  of 
CSiarles  II.  He  was  employed  by  the 
duke  of  Buckingham  to  carry  off  Alice 
Bridgenorth  to  Whitehall,  but  the  captive 
eso^ped  and  married  Julian  PeveriL 

Aatc  ChiffincA^  mistress  of  Thomas  Chif- 
finch.— Sir  W.  Scott,  PeverU  of  the  Peak 
(time,  Charles  XL). 

Chiffnon  {Shin,y6n{j'\j  the  French 
valet  of  Miss  Alscrip  "  the  heiress.**  A 
silly,  affected,  typical  French  valet-de- 
chambre. — Genenl  Burgoyne,  The  Heiress 
(171^). 

Chilax,  a  merry  old  soldier,  lien- 
tenant  to  general  Memnon,  in  Paohos.— * 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The  Mad  Loner 
(1617). 

Child.  The  notes  of  this  bank  bear  a 
marigoldf  because  this  flower  was  the 
trade-mark  of  >«Blanchard  and  Child.'* 
The  original  "mangold"  is  still  to  be 
seen  in  the  front  office,  with  the  motto 
Amsi  mon  om^.'-See  I'V'st  LondiM  DireO' 
tory,  1677. 

Child  {The),  Bettina,  dau^ter  of  Kaxi- 
miliane  Breutano.  So  culed  from  the 
title  of  her  book,  Goethe's  Correspondence 
with  a  ChiU-U 

Child  of  Nature  {The),  a  phiy  by 


Mrs.  Inchbald.  AmantU  U  tiie  **  child  of 
Nature.**  She  was  the  daughter  of  Al- 
berto, banished  "  by  an  uniost  sentenee,** 
and  during  his  exile  he  left  his  daughter 
under  the  charge  of  the  marquis  Almanza. 
Amantis  was  brought  up  in  total  ignoranee 
of  the  worid  and  the  passion-principles 
which  sway  it,  but  felt  grateful  to  her 
guardian,  and  soon  discovered  that  what 
she  called  "gratitude**  the  world  calls 
"  love.**  Her  father  returned  home  ridi, 
his  sentence  cancelled  and  his  innocence 
allowed,  just  in  time  to  give  his  daughter 
in  marriage  to  his  friend  Almanxa. 

Child  of  the  Cord.  So  the  defend- 
ant was  call^  by  the  judjges  of  &e 
Yehm-gericht,  in  WestphiUia;  because 
every  one  condemned  bv  the  tribunal  was 
hanged  to  the  branch  of  a  tree. 

Child-Kine.      Shakespeare     says, 

"  Woe  to  that  uind  that*s  governed  by  a 

child  !  **  {Richard  III.  act  u.  sc  8). 

Woe  to  Um«,  0  hud,  wImd  thy  klag  b  a  driUI^ 
-     Lis. 


Childe  Harold,  a  man  sated  with 
the  world^  who  roams  from  place  to  place, 
to  kill  time  and  escape  from  himself. 
The  "childe*'  is,  in  fact,  lord  Byron 
himself,  who  was  only  22  when  he  b^an 
the  poem,  which  was  completed  in  seven 
years.  In  canto  i.  the  "childe**  visits 
Portugal  and  Spain  (1809) ;  in  canto  ii. 
Turkey  in  Europe  (1810)  ;  in  canto  iii. 
Belgium  and  Switzerland  (1816)  ;  and  in 
canto  iv.  Venice,  Rome,  and  Florence 
(1817). 

("ChUde**  is  a  UUe  of  honour,  about 
tantamount  to  "lord,"  as  childe  Waters, 
childe  Rolande,  childe  Tristram,  childe 
Arthur,  childe  Childers,  etc.) 

Chil'ders  {E,  TT.  B,),  one  of  the 
riders  in  Sleary's  circus,  noted  for  his 
vaulting  and  reckless  riding  in  the  cha- 
racter of  the  "  Wild  Huntsman  of  the 
Prairies.**  This  compound  of  groom 
and  actor  marries  Josephine,  Swary*s 
daughter. 

Atdderminster  Chitders,  son  of  the 
above,  known  in  the  profession  as 
"  Cupid.*'  He  is  a  diminutive  boy,  with 
an  old  face  and  facetious  mauner  wholly 
bevond  his  years. — C.  Dickens,  Bard 
Times  (1854). 

Children  {The  Henntberg).  It  is  said 
that  the  countess  of  Hennebei^  railed  at  a 
Ix^^r  for  having  twins,  and  the  beggar, 
turning  on  the  countess,  who  was  42  years 
old,  said,  "  May  you  have  as  many 
children  as  there  are  days  in  a  ynar,**  and 


CHILDREN  IN  THB  WOOD.         183 


CHIfiON. 


mn  OMV^  oo  Good  Friday,  1276,  the 
comttM  brovght  forth  866  At  one  birth ; 
•0  the  males  were  ehrieteoed  VbiAsi,  and 
all  yie  femalee  JBiizabetA.  They  wen 
bwied  at  a  Tillage  near  La  Hague,  and  the 
jog  is  atiH  ehown  in  which  they  were 


Children  in  the  Wood,  the  Uttle 
(thiee  yean  old)  and  yonngtf 
daughter  (Jane),  left  by  a  Norfolk  genU*- 
Bian  on  hu  death-bed  to  the  care  of  hiB 
deeeaied  wife^i  broUier.  The  boy  was  to 
have  £300  a  year  on  coming  of  age,  and 
the  girl  £500  as  a  wedding  portion  ;  bat 
if  mt  children  died  in  tiieir  minority  the 
■ooey  was  to  go  to  the  uncle.  The 
■ade,  in  order  to  secure  the  property. 
Idled  two  ruffians  to  murder  the  children, 
but  one  of  them  relented  and  killed  his 
csMpanion ;  tiien,  instead  of  murdering 
the  babes,  he  left  them  in  Wayland  Woo^ 
where  Ihey  gathered  blackberries,  but 
died  at  night  with  cold  and  terror.  All 
things  went  ill  with  the  uncle,  who 
'in  gaol,  and  the  ruffian,  after  a 
of  seven  years,  confessed  the  whole 
. — Percy,  BeiiqueSj  III.  ii.  18. 

ChUdren  of  the  Mist,  one  of  the 
bcaoches  of  the  MacGr^ors,  a  wild  race 
of  Scotch  Highlanders,  who  had  a  skir- 
■M  with  the  soldiers  in  pursuit  of  Dal- 
eettv  and  M*Ea|di  among  the  rocks 
(ch.'l4).— Sir  W.  Scott,  Lt^nd  of  MoiU- 
rm  (tisM,  Caiarles  1.). 

Chillip  (A*.),  a  lAysician  who  at- 
tcaded  Uu,  Coppert&eU  at  the  birth  of 
David. 

Be  «M  *•  MckMt  of  kb  Ml.  Um  nOitat  of  BtUe  BWB. 

Ghlllon'  (Prisoner  of),  Francois  de 
Bonnirard,  of  Lunes,  the  Genevese  pa- 
triot (1496-1671 ),  who  opposed  the  enter- 
prises of  Charles  III.  (the  duke-bishop 
of  Saroy)  against  the  independenoe  of 
Qeneva,  and  was  east  by  him  into  the 
prison  of  Chillon,  where  he  was  confined 
for  six  years.  Lord  Byron  makes  him 
one  of  fldx  brothers,  two  of  whom  died 
on  the  battle-field;  one  was  burnt  at 
the  ftake,  and  three  were  imprisoned 
at  Chillon.  Two  of  the  prisoners  died, 
hot  Francois  was  set  at  liberty  by  the 
people  of  Berne. — Byron,  /Vitoner  of 
CkilUm  (1816). 

Chil'minar',  the  city  of  <*  forty 
pillars,"  built  by  the  genii  for  a  lurking- 
plaee  to  hide  themselves  in.  Balhec  was 
also  bs^  by  the  geniL 


Ghim^ne  (La  Belie)  or  Xime'uv 
daughter  of  count  Lozano  de  Gormas, 
wife  of  the  CHd.  After  the  ad*s  death 
she  defended  Yalentia  from  the  Moon 
with  ^eat  braver^r,  but  without  success. 
Ck>meille  and  Guilhem  de  CTantro  have 
introduced  her  in  their  tragedies,  but  the 
rdle  thcjy  repres«[it  her  to  have  taken  is 
wholly  imaginary. 

China,  a  commtion  of  Ttina,  the  ter- 
ritory of  Tsin.  The  dynasty  of  Tsin 
(B.C.  256-202)  takes  the  same  position  in 
Chinese  history  as  that  of  the  Nomans 
^founded  by  William  the  Conqueror)  does 
in  English  history.  The  founder  of  the 
Tsin  iyuMStj  built  the  Great  Waif,  divided 
the  empire  mto  thirty-six  provinces,  and 
made  roads  or  canals  in  every  direction, 
so  that  virtually  the  empire  begins  with 
tliis  dynasty. 

Chinaman  (John),  a  man  of  China. 

Chindasuin'tho  (4  »yl.)y  king  of 
Spain,  father  of  Theod'ofred,  and  grand- 
father of  Roderick  last  of  the  Gothic 
kings.— Southey,  Roderick,  etc,  (1814). 

Chinese  Philosopher  {A).  Oliver 
Goldsmith,  in  the  CUuen  of  the  World, 
calls  his  book  "  Letters  from  a  Chinese 
Philosopher  residing  in  London  to  his 
Friends  in  the  East  *^  (1769). 

Ching^aohoook,  the  Indian  chief, 
called  in  French  Le  Groe  Serpent.  Fern- 
more  Cooper  has  introduced  this  diief  in 
four  of  his  novels.  The  Last  of  the  Mo- 
hicans, The  Pathfinder,  The  Deerslayer, 
and  The  Pioneer, 

ChintS  (Mary),  Miss  Bloomfield^s 
maid,  the  bespoke  of  Jem  Miller. — C 
Selby,  The  Unfinished  Gentleman, 

Chi'os  (The  Man  of),   Homer,   who 

Uved  at  Chios  [JTi'.os].    At  least  Chios 

was  one  of  the  seven  cities  which  laid 

claim  to  the  bard,  according  to  the  Latin 

hexameter  verse : 

gMTnuK  BlMdoi^  OotOpboii.  SdbBli.  ObkM.  Algol.  Athann 

Varro. 

Chim'slde  (Lvckie),  poulterer  at 
Wolfs  Hope  viUage.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
^rticfe o/Xommermoor  (time, William  III.). 

Chi'ron,  a  centaur,  renowned  for  his 
skill  in  hunting,  medicine,  music,  gymnas- 
tics, and  prophecy.  He  numbered  among 
his  pupils.  Achilles,  Peleus,  Diomede, 
and  inoeed  all  the  most  not^  heroes  of 
Grecian   story.      Junitcr   took  him   to 


CHIBRUP. 


184  CHRIST'S  VICTORY,  ETC 


heftren,  and  made  him  tht  constelladoa 
Bagittctrius, 

. .  .  «  Ohlroa  ent  had  Amm 
Vft  thst  puMid  tiaa*  of  Itagr,   bar  jo4'WwbMag  mw 

Ikrairtoa.  PtigMtmm,  t.  (MIS). 

Chirrup  {Betsey)  ^  the  housekeeper  of 
Mr.  Sowerberry  the  misanthrope. — ^, 
Brou^  A  Phenomenon  in  a  Smock  Fnjck, 

Chitliiiff  {Tom\  one  of  the  associates 
of  Fagin^^e  Jew.  Tom  Chitling  was 
always  most  deferential  to  the  *' Artful 
Dodger.**— a  Dickens,  Oliver  Twiet 
(1837). 

Chivalry  (The  Fhwer  of),  William 
Douglas,  lord  of  Liddesdale  (fourteenth 
century). 

Chlo'e  [Klo'.i],  the  shepherdess 
beloved  by  Daphnis,  in  the  pastoral 
romance  called  Daphnis  and  Cktoif  by 
LoDgns.  St.  Pierre's  tale  of  Popd  wii 
Virginia  is  based  on  this  pastoraL 

Chl</e  or  rather  Cloe.  So  Prior  calls 
Mrs.  CcntUvre  (1661-1728). 

Chlo'ris,  the  ancient  Greek  name  of 
Flora. 

ArmumI  yoMT  kuinto 
TiM  iMghlM  6ilorit  witk  praAMit  I 
Huows  widt  bar  bhxMMaad  odpon. 

AkMMida.  ITjrMR  I*  «W  JfolMlt. 

Choas'pes  (8  syL),  a  river  of  Susia'na, 
noted  for  the  excellency  of  its  water. 
The  Persian  kings  used  to  carry  a  suffi- 
cient quantity  of  it  with  them  when 
journeying,  so  that  recourse  to  other 
water  mi^t  not  be  required. 


Xbe  drink  of  noiM  but  UnpL 

Miltoo.  Pmradim  Mtffmtnti,  m.9»(l9Sl). 

ClUB'reas  (ch=zk)t  the  lover  of  Cal- 
lirrho^  in  the  Greek  romance  called  The 
Loves  of  Chosreaa  and  CallirrUoe,  by 
Char'iton  (eighth  century). 

Choke  (General),  a  Unk  North 
American  gentleman,  "  one  of  the  most 
remarkable  men  in  the  century.*'  He 
was  editor  of  The  Watertoast  Gazette. 
and  a  member  of  *^Tlie  Eden  Land 
Corporation.'*  It  was  general  Choke 
who  induced  Martin  Chuzzlewit  to  stake 
his  all  in  the  egregious  £den  swindle. — 
C.  Dickens,  Martin  Chuzzleunt  (1844). 

Cholmondeley  [ChUm^lyT,  of  Vale 
Royal,  a  friend  of  sir  Geoflfrey  Fcveril. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Petferil  of  the  Peak  (time, 
Charles  II.). 

Cholula  (Pyramid  of),  the  great 
Mexican^  pyramid,  west  of  Puebla, 
erected    in    the    reign    of    Montezuma 


emperor  of  Mexico  (1466-1520).  Its 
base  is  1428  feet  each  side,  or  AouUe 
that  of  the  largest  Egyptian  pjrramid,  bat 
its  heij^t  does  not  exceed  1&4  feet. 

Choppard  (Pierre),  one  of  the  gang 
ofthieves,caUed  "The  Ugly  Mug.**  When 
asked  a  disagreeable  qu^tion,  he  alwa3rs 
answered,  "1*11  ask  my  wife,  my 
memor}'*s  so  slippery.** — Edward  Stirling, 
r/<tf  Cornier  of  Lyons  (1852). 

Choruses.  The  following  are  dmid- 
Seal,  and  of  course  Keltic  in  origin : — 
"  Down,  down,  deny  down !  **  (for  dttn  I 
dun!  darofjon^  dvtni),  that  is,  "To  the 
hill !  to  the  hill !  to  the  oak,  to  the  hill  !** 
«•  Fal,  lal,  la  I "  (torfalla  la),  that  is, "  The 
circle  of  da^  !  "  The  day  or  sun  has  com- 
pleted its  circle.  "  Fal,  lero,  loo  !  **  (for 
falta  tear  /u  [aidhl).  thai  is,  "  The  circle 
of  the  sun  praise!  "Hey,  nonnie,nonnie  !** 
that  is,  *<^HaU  to  the  noon !  **  "  High 
trolollie,  lollie  lol  **  (for  ai  [or  aibhe],  trah 
la,  "naileartyday!**^tiWa,"earlyday,** 
/6 /« [or  to  A>],  "  bright  day ! ").  "Ulli 
burli  ro  '*  (for  Li,  li  oeur,  Lear-a  I  brnUe 
na  lit),  that  is,  "  Light,  light  on  the  sea, 
beyond  the  promontorv !  Tis  the  stroke 
of  day  I  ''—All  the  Year  Sound,  816-820, 
August,  1878. 

Chriemhil'da.    (See  under  K.) 

Chrisom  Child  (A),  a  child  that  dies 
within  a  month  of  its  birth.  So  called 
because  it  is  buried  in  the  white  cloth 
anointed  with  chrism  (oil  and  balm),  worn 
at  its  baptism. 


H«^  Id  Artbtti's  [A  troAotii'a]  bomn.  If  ( 
to  Aitbor'*  boMMB.  'A  nad*  •  ftncr  flod.  and  went  Ww^, 
an  it  had  been  aaj  diflrtoin  (o*HaMMl  cUld.  'A  parted 
jBrt.  .  .  atturntaM  o'dMttda  (Quiddy^ d«cri|i(h« of 
the  death  of  FalataC)  Hhalrai>care,  ifiwyr.  acta  afct 
(IMSK 

Whr.MIkartadillitobUn.  . .  ••  chitan  cUM. 
Jaaa  Intahiw.  Brthmfg  amd  m  < 


Christ  and  BOs  Apostles.  Dupuis 
maintained  that  Christ  and  His  apostles, 
like  Hercules  and  his  labours,  should  be 
considered  a  mere  allegory  of  the  sun  and 
the  twelve  signs  of  the  zodiac. 

Christ's  Victoryand  Triumphs* 
a  poem  in  four  parts,  by  GUes  Flcicher 
(1610):  Part  i.  "Christ's  Victory  in 
Heaven,"  when  He  reconciled  Justice  with 
Mercy,  oy  taking  on  Himself  a  body  of 
human  flesh ;  part  iu  "  Christ's  Triumi^ 
on  Earth,**  when  He  was  led  up  into  tne 
wilderness,  and  was  tempted  by  Pre- 
sumption, Avarice,  and  Ambition ;  nart 
iii.  "  Christ's  Triumph  over  Death,*'  wneii 
He  died  on  the  cross  ;  part  iv.  "  Christ's 
Triumph  after  Death,**  in  His  resonecticn 


GHBISTABEL. 


185 


CHBISTIE. 


(See   Paradisic    Rk- 
GAnncD.) 

ChriB'tabel  (eA=^),  the  heroine  of 
a  fn^mentiiy  poem  of  tbe  same  title  by 
Golendge. 

Cbrisiaibd,  the  heroine  of  an  ancient 
romance  entitled  Sir  Eglamour  of  Artois* 

CbristaboUe  [irrfy.to.M1,  danghter 
of  "a  bonnie  king  of  Ireland,**  beloTed 
Iff  sir  Oaoline  (2  »yL).  When  the  kinj; 
blew  at  their  knrea,  he  baniahed  air 
Gaaline  from  the  kingdom.  Then  aa 
ChiittabeUe  drooped  the  king  held  a 
tounament  for  ner  amnsemont,  every 
prixe  of  which  was  carried  off  by  an 
anknown  knight  in  black.  On  the 
last  day  came  a  giant  with  two  "  gog- 
glii^  eyes,  and  monthe  from  ear  to 
tuf  called  the  Soldain,  and  defied  all 
comeiB.  No  one  wonld  accept  his  chal- 
lenge Hre  the  knight  in  black,  who 
MMceeded  in  killing  his  adversary,  but 
died  himself  of  ue  wonnda  he  had 
leeored.  When  it  was  discorersd  that 
the  knight  waa  sir  Caaline,  the  lady 
^fctte  a  si^ie^that  burst  her  gentle  hearte 
ia  twayne.  — ^Pucr.  JMimies  (*'  Sir  Can- 
Kae,**  1.  L  4). 

ChristiAiiy  the  hero  of  Banyan's 
sDcgoiy  called  The  PUgriaCt  Progreu. 
Ht  ices  from  the  City  of  Destruction 
sad  journeys  to  the  Celestial  City.  At 
Maitmg  be  has  a  heavy  pack  upon  his 
riM«]dcrs»  whidi  falls  off  immediately  he 
■caches  the  foot  of  the  cross.  (The  pack, 
if  coaiae,  is  the  bundle  ot  sin,  which  is 
imMnred  by  the  blood  of  the  cross.    1678.) 


a  follower   of  Christ.     So 
csOed  first  at  Antioch.— ^c<«  xi.  26. 

Chittia*^  captain  of  the  patrol  in  a 
■bmU  Gennaa  town  in  which  Ifathis  is 
boigomaater.  He  marries  Aniwtte,  the 
baigoBiastei's  daughter.— J.  R.  Ware, 
TU  Polish  J€w. 

CkrkHan,  sywmjm  of  <*  Peammi "  in 


Tiiis  has  arisen  from  the  abnnd- 
aat  Icgialation  under  czar  Alexis  and  czar 
Pfeter  the  Great  to  prevent  Quistian  serfs 
from  entering  the  service  of  Mohammedan 
Kssters.  No  Christian  is  allowed  to  belong 
Id  a  Mobammc^bn  master,  and  no  Moham- 
Bcdaa  master  is  allowed  to  employ  a 
his 


Ckrwtian  JL  (or  CSIrutftmi),  king  of 
Horwav,  Sweden,  and  Denmark.  When 
the  Diltrariisna  rose  in  rebellion  against 
kia  snd  chose  Gustavus  Tasa  for  their 
WmIh^  agreat  battle  waa  fought,  in  which 


the  Swedes  were  victorious ;  butGnstaTW 
allowed  the  Danes  to  return  to  their 
country.  Christian  then  abdicated,  and 
Sweden  became  an  independent  kingdom. 
— H.  Brooke,  Gvataoua  Vaaa  (1780;. 

Chria^tian  (Edwards^  a  conspirator. 
He  has  two  o/kism,  **  Richard  Gan'lesse  ** 
(2  aut.)  and  "  Simon  Can'ter." 

Coionei  Waikun  ChriHian,  Edward's 
brother.    Shot  for  insurrection. 

FcnuUa  alias  Zarah  Christian^  daughter 
of  Edward  Chriitian.— Sir  W.  SeoiX. 
Peverii  of  the  Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

ChritHan  (Fletcher)^  mate  of  the 
Bounty^  under  the  command  of  captain 
Bligh,  and  leader  of  the  mutineers. 
After  settinjg^  the  captain  and  some  others 
adrift,  Christian  took  command  of  the 
ship,  and,  according  to  lord  Byron,  the 
mutiaeera  took  refuge  in  the  island  of 
Toobouai  (one  of  the  Society  Islands). 
Here  Torquil,  one  of  the  mutineers,  mar- 
ried Neuha,  a  native.  After  a  time,  a 
ship  was  sent  to  capture  the  mutineers. 
Torquil  and  Neuha  escaped*  and  lay 
concealed  in  a  cave ;  but  Christian,  Ben 
Bunting,  and  Skyscmpe  were  shot.  This 
is  not  according  to  fact,  for  Qiristian 
merely  touched  at  Toobouai,  and  then, 
with  eighteen  of  the  natives  and  nine 
of  the  mutineers,  sailed  for  Tahiti,  where 
all  soon  died  except  Alexander  Smith, 
who  changed  his  name  to  John  Adams, 
and  became  a  model  patriarch. — Byron, 
ThelBland, 

Christian  Doctor  (Most),  John 
CharUer  de  GerM>n  (1363-1429). 

Christian  Bloqrienoe  ( The  Foumier 
of),  Uuis  Bourdaloue  (1682-1704). 

Christian  King  (Ifotf).  So  the 
kings  of  France  were  styled.  Pepin  ie 
Bref  was  so  rtyled  by  pope  Stephen  III. 
(714-768).  Charles  11.  U  ChawM  was 
so  styled  by  the  Council  of  Savonni^res 
(823,  840-^77).  Louis  XI.  was  so  styled 
by  Paul  II.  (1423,  1461-1483). 

Christian'a  '{ch=k),  the  wife  of 
Christian,  who  started  with  her  children 
and  llercy  from  the  City  of  Destruction 
long  after  her  husband's  flight.  She  was 
under  the  ruidance  of  Mr.  Greatheart, 
and  went,  uerefore,  with  silver  slippers 
along  the  thomv  road.  This  forms  the 
second  part  of  Bnnyan*s  Pihrim*$  Prth^ 
greu  (1684). 

Christia  (2  tyl,)  of  the  Oint  HilL 
one  of  the  retainers  erf  JuUao  Avend  (s 


CHBI8TIB. 


18«    CHRONICLStt  OF  CANONGATl. 


Uizabeth). 

Christ  tie  (John),  ship-chandler  at  Paiil*6 
Wharf. 

Dame  Nelly  Christie,  his  pretty  wife, 
carried  off  by  lord  Dalij^rao. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Foritmei  of  Nigel  (time,  James  I.)* 

Christi'na,  dangfater  of  Christiaii  II. 
king  of  Denmark,  Sweden,  and  Norway. 
She  is  sonsfht  in  marriaiffe  by  prince 
Arvi'da  and  oy  Gustavns  Yasa :  but  the 
prince  abandons  his  claim  in  faTonr  of 
nis  friend.  After  th«  great  battle,  in 
which  Christian  is  defeated  by  Gustavns, 
Christina  clings  to  her  father,  and  pleads 
with  Gustavns  on  his  behalf.  He  is  sent 
back  to  Denmark,  with  all  his  men,  with- 
out ransom,  but  abdicates,  and  Sweden 
is  erected  into  a  separate  kingdom. — U. 
Brooke,  Oustavus  Vaaa  (1790). 

Chrls'tinA  (2  jy/.),  a  pretty,  saucy 
young  woman  in  the  service  of  tlie 
countess  Marie,  to  idiom  she  is  devotedly 
attached.  After  the  recapture  of  Ernest 
("the  prisoner  of  State**),  she  goes 
boldly  to  king  Frederick  II.,  from  whom 
she  obtains  nis  pardon.  Being  sot  at 
liberty,  Ernest  marries  the  countess. — 
£.  Stirling,  The  Prisoner  of  State  (1847). 

Christmaa  comes  but  Onoe  a 
Year.— Tusser,  Five  hundred  Points  of 
Good  husbandry  (1557). 

Chriatmas  Day,  called  *'the  dav 
of  new  clothes,*'  m>m  an  old  Frendi 
custom  of  giving  those  who  belonged  to 
tiie  court  new  cloaks  on  that  day. 

On  Cbriitaiai  Bve,  IStf.  Um  king  [l^*iU  XL]  iMde  all 
Ids  court  Im  prBi«nt  at  miif  morning  mam.  At  tha 
cbapd  door  aacb  mail  reoeivad  lib  now  dkiak.  pvt  It  on. 
and  irrat  la  .  .  .  As  tba  day  roaa.  each  man  aaw  on  kit 
nvishboara  abouldar  betokanad  "  the  onMading  vow."— 
KltcUn.  iVMory  ^  rtmmfO$,  1.  SM. 

Chris'topher  (St,),  a  saint  of  the 
Roman  and  Ureek  Qiuiches,  said  to  have 
lived  in  the  third  century.  His  pagan 
name  was  OffCrus,  his  bod^  was  twelve 
ells  in  height,  and  he  lived  m  the  land  of 
Canaan.  Offerus  made  a  vow  to  serve 
only  the  mightiest  ^  so,  thinking  the 
emperor  was  '"the  migntiest,**  he  entered 
his  service.  But  one  dav  the  emperor 
crossed  himself  for  fear  of  the  devil,  and 
the  giant  perceived  that  there  was  one 
mightier  than  his  present  master,  so  he 
quitted  his  service  for  that  of  the  deviL 
After  a  while,  Offerus  discovered  (hat 
the  devil  was  afmid  of  the  cross,  where- 
upon he  enlisted  under  Christ,  em- 
ploying himself  in  carrying  pilgnms 
across  a  deep  stream.    One  dky,  a  very 


small  child  was  carried  aeroM  byhiaiv 
but  proved  so  heavy  that  UHerus,  thoof^ 
a  huge  giant,  was  well-nl^h  borne  down 
b}'  the  weight.  This  child  was  Jesus, 
who  changed  the  giant*s  name  to  Christo- 
ferus,  "  bearer  of  Christ.**  He  died  three 
days  afterwards,  and  was  canonized. 

LIka  the  great  giant  Cbrlatapbcr.  h  ttaada 
Upon  tha  brink  of  U»e  tuuptitliaom 
Longfellow.  Tht 


Chronidle  ( The  &MKm),  an  historical 
prose  work  in  Anglo-Saxon,  down  to  tke 
reign  of  Henry  II.,  a.o.  1154. 

Chroniolers  {Awjlo-Norman),  a 
series  of  writers  on  liritish  history  In 
verse,  of  very  early  date.  Geffroy  (Jai- 
mar  wrote  his  Anglo-Norman  chronicle 
before  1146.  It  is  a  history  in  verse  of 
the  Anglo-Saxon  kings.  Robert  Waoe 
wrote  the  Brut  (TAnaleterre  \ue.  Chronicle 
of  England]  in  eight-syllable  verse,  and 
presented  his  work  to  Henry  II.  It  was 
begun  in  1160,  and  finished  in  1170. 

ChronkUrs  {Latin)^  historical  writers 
of  the  eleventh  and  twelfth  centuries. 

Chroniclers  (Shvming),  a  series  of 
writers  on  English  history,  from  the 
thirteenth  centu^.  The  most  noted  are : 
Layamon  (called  **The  English  Ennius  **) 
bishop  of  Emleye-upon-Sevem  (1216). 
Robert  of  Gloucester,  who  wrote  a  narra- 
tive of  British  history,  from  the  landing 
of  Brute  to  the  close  of  the  reign  ot 
Henry  III.  (•  to  1872).  No  date  U 
assigned  to  the  coming  of  Brute,  but  he 
was  the  son  of  Silvins  iEne'as  (the  third 
generation  from  iEneas,  who  escaped  from 
Troy,  B.C.  1183),  so  that  the  date  may  be 
assumed  to  be  b.c.  1028,  thus  giving  a 
scope  of  2800  years  to  the  <£ronicle. 
(Tlie  verse  of  this  dironide  is  eight  and 
six  syllables  displayed  together,  so  as  to 
form  lines  of  fourteen  syllables  each.) 
Robert  de  Brunne,  whoat  chronicle  is  in 
two  parts.  The  first  ends  with  the  death 
of  Cadwallader,  and  the  second  with  the 
deaUi  of  Edward  L  The  earlier  parts  are 
similar  to  the  Anglo-Norman  chronicle  of 
Wace.    (The  verse  is  octo-syllabic) 

Chronicles  of  Canongate,  cer- 
tain stories  supposed  to  have  been  written 
by  Mrs.  Martua  Bethune  Baliol,  a  lady 
of  quality  and  fortune,  who  lived,  when 
in  Edinburgh,  at  Baliol  Lodging,  in  the 
Canongate.  These  tales  were  writlen 
at  the  request  of  her  cousin,  Mr.  CrofU 
angry,  by  whom,  at  her  death,  they 
were  published.  The  fint  series  contains 
n$  Highland  Widow^  Ths  IW  Drsmtr^ 


CHK050U)6T. 


197 


CHUBOH. 


$mi  1%*  8mrge«m*9  Danghier,  fftfterwmrdB 
nnoved  from  this  series].  The  second 
■eiiei  CMitaiM  The  Fair  Maid  of  Forth.-- 
Sir  W.  Seott,  "  Chroaicles  of  Ciukongmte  " 
(tntrodoctioa  to  The  Highland  Widmo), 

Chronology  {Tha  Fathtrof),  J.J. 
Sodiger  (1540-1609). 

Chronon-Hoton-Thorogoe  (^tng). 
Ht  ttrikas  BomlMundiii'eMi,  general  of  his 
tMtm,  for  jiving  him  hasIM  pork,  ftod 
ssTug,  ^  Kings  m  great  m  CSironon- 
holontiiolojgos  have  nude  a  hear^  meal 
The  king  calls  his  general  a 
"  Traitor  in  thy  teeth,^  -*-.-*- 


tmitot. 


retorts 


tihe  generaL    They  ilght,  and  the  king 
dies. — H.  Garey,  ChrommhoUmthologoi  (a 


(2  Mix  friend  of  Ar- 
.   rMe    de$ 


»)- 

GhzyMlde' 

Mdohe.— Molitee, 

ChTTBale  (3  »yl')i  ^  simple-minded, 
hea-pecked  French  tradesman,  whose  wife 
Phiuuninte  (3  «y/.)  n^lects  her  house  for 
tile  learned  langusges,  women's  rights, 
end  the  aristocracjr  of  mind«  He  is  him- 
self a  plain  practical  man,  who  has  no 
rpatny  with  the  pa$  bine  roovemoit. 
IMS  two  daoghters,  Armande  (2  sul.) 
snd  Uenriette,  both  of  whom  love  Cli- 
tsodre ;  bat  Armande,  who  is  a  '*  blue- 
ftocking,**  loves  him  platonicly ;  while 
Hanriette,  who  is  a  **  uiorough  woman," 
lores  him  with  woman's  lore.  Chiysale 
sides  with  his  daughter  Henriette,  and 
wbfn  he  fidls  into  money  difficolties 
throagfa  the  "  learned  proclivities  **  of  his 
vife,  Qitandre  comes  forward  like  a 
Msn,  and  obtains  the  consent  of  both 
psreots  to  his  marriage  with  Henrietta. — 
Moli^  Les  Femmet  Saoantet  (1672). 

Chryea'or  (cA  =  k)^  the  sword  of 
■ir  Ar'tegal,  which  **  exceeded  all  other 
ivordfl.**  It  once  belonged  to  Jove,  and 
WIS  nsed  1^  him  against  the  Titans,  but 
it  had  been  laid  aside  till  Astraa  gave 
it  to  the  Kmt^  of  Jnstice. 


v.aa«u 


\*  Tie  poet  tells  as  it  was  broken  to 
pieess  by  Kadignnd  ooeeo  of  the  Ama- 
sens  (bk.  v.  7),  yet  it  re-ap^ears  whole 
sad  Boond  (canto  12),  when  it  is  osed  with 
geod  lervke  against  Grantorto  (the  epkrit 
Jf^nMUm),  Spenser  says  it  was  called 
Chrjsaor  beeaose  **the  blada  was 
all  witii  b-old." 


Chrifso^oTy  son  of  Neptone  and  Medn'sa. 
He  married  Callir'rhod  (4  sy/.),  one  of 
the  sea-njrmphs. 

Ouynor  ilainc  oat  of  Che  tm, 
Sbovfld  thm  ^ortoiH  aad  that  amaloaa, 
LmvIoC  tM  araw  of  QdHrrfaoe. 

LoofMlov.  rw  Awnlny  M*r. 

Chryseia  IKrLsee'.iss],  daughter  of 
Chrys^  priest  of  Apollo.  She  was 
famed  for  her  beauty  and  her  embroidery. 
Daring  the  Trojan  war  Chryseis  was  taken 
captive  and  allotted  to  Agamemnon 
king  of  Argos,  but  her  fiiUier  came  to 
ransom  her.  The  king  would  not  accept 
the  offered  ransom,  and  Chryste  nrayed 
that  a  pla^e  might  fall  on  tiie  Grecian 
camp.  His  prayer  was  answered,  and 
in  order  to  avert  the  plague  Agamemnon 
sent  tiie  lady  back  to  ner  father  not  «ily 
'without  ransom  but  with  costly  gifts. — 
Homer,  Iliad,  L 

ChrjrBOStom,  a  famous  scholar,  who 
died  for  love  of  Maroella,  **rich  Wil- 
liam's daughter.** 


Uarindhd  bi  lMnili«  and  wit.  b*  «m  iImmv  la 
4iip(MitfaMi.SMMnMitaiMl  TiMgnlftflf  tt  ^ithflitf  mtiintartflti. 
prudeot  aiid  a«U(e  without  >Bi>rt«tton.  nMMl«t  and 
eomjihlMnt  without  maaouMt.  In  a  word,  on*  ot  tha 
ioramuit  In  goodna«  of  boart.  and  Moood  to  nona  In 
aMoftunaa.— Genrantaa.  J>oh  ffitteala.  L  U.  f  OSQS). 

CllUOks,  the  boatswain  under  captain 
Savage. — Captain  Marryat,  Feter  ixmple 
(ISSB). 

ChuTfldy,  Anthony  Chnulewitt's  old 
clerk,  almost  in  his  dotage,  but  master 
and  man  love  each  other  with  sincerest 
affection. 


Choi^Mlbackliitoadarkeonaron  ona  lUa  «f  tfaa 
Iffa-piaee.  wttera  be  alwajn  ipant  bb  erenhic*,  and  wae 
neither  eeen  ner  beard  .  .  .  aeve  once,  when  a  cop  of 
tea  wae  gttran  him.  In  wbkb  be  was  Man  to  eonk  ble 
bread  oiedMuiicaUjr.  ...  He  reaanlned.  ae  It  were,  (roien 
up.  If  anr  term  eipreedve  of  ntcb  a  vigjnNU  proeees  can 
be  appUed  to  bba.— 0.  OMkeM^  4r.wtU  OluuislmU.  mL 
(184W. 

Chun^  (A  la)f  very  huge  and  bulky. 
Chun^  was  the  largest  ele|diant  ever 
brought  to  England.  Henry  Harris, 
man&zer  of  Covent  (Sarden,  boujght  it 
for  £^)0  to  appear  in  the  puitomime  of 
Harlequin  PadmeiuAa,  in  1810.  It  was 
snbaeqnently  sold  to  Cross,  the  pro- 
prietor of  Exeter  'Change,  Chun^  at 
length  became  mad,  and  was  shot  by  a 
detachment  of  the  Guards,  receiving  152 
wounds.  The  skeleton  is  preserved  in 
the  museum  of  the  CoU^p  of  Surgeons. 
It  is  12  feet  4  inches  high. 

Ohuroh.  Iqo  to  ohurdi  to  hear  God 
mraieed,  not  the  hng.  This  was  the  wise 
not  severe  rebuke  of  George  III.  to  Dr. 
Wilson,  of  St.  Margaret's  Churdi,  I<on- 


CHURCH  BUILT  BY  VOLTAIRE.    188 


CID. 


Church    built    by    Voltaire. 

Toltairo  the  atheist  built  at  Feniey  a 
Christian  church,  and  had  this  inscrip- 
tion affixed  to  it,  "  Deo  erexit  Voltaire.*^ 
Campbell,  in  the  life  of  Cowper  (vol.  vii. 
358),  says  *'he  knows  not  to  whom 
CJowper  alludes  in  these  lines :  ** 

Nor  hb  who  for  the  tMne  of  UmmmmkIb  bom, 
Boilt  God  A  cfamth,  aod  kuigbecl  Hb  Word  to  toom. 

Cowper.  KtttrvtmttU  OTVU. 

Church  -  of-  Englandisxn.  This 
word  was  the  coinage  of  Jeremy  Ben- 
tham  (1748-1882). 

Chus'zlewit  {ArUhony)^  cousin  of 
Martin  Chuzzlewit  the  grandfather. 
Anthony  is   an   avaricious   old   hunks, 

J  road  of  having  brought  up  his  son 
onas  to  be  as  mean  and  grasping  as 
himself.  His  two  redeeming  points  are 
his  ajffection  for  his  old  servant  Cbuffey, 
and  his  foigiveness  of  Jonas  i^ter  ms 
attempt  to  poison  him. 

Th*  old-«ftobliabed  ftnn  of  Antbooy  Cbimlawit  and 
Bob.  Mancfacstar  wbtbIioumiimo  .  .  .  bad  Us  place  of 
bnrineM  in  a  terj  narrow  gtreeC  aomewfaere  behind  tba 
Poat-Oflloe.  ...  A  dim.  dlr^.  naoky,  tumbleHlown. 
roUen  old  bouae  U  waa  .  .  .  birt  btte  the  firm  .  .  . 
traoMcted  tbelr  budneM  .  .  .  and  naitber  tbe  jroung 
aoau  nor  tbe  old  one  bad  any  other  reeUenoe.— Chap.  xL 

Jonas  Chuzzlewit.  son  of  Antony,  of 
the  '^firm  of  Antnony  Chuzzlewit  and 
Son,  Manchester  warehousemen."  A 
consummate  villain  of  mean  brutality 
and  small  tyranny.  He  attempts  to 
poison  his  old  father,  and  murders  Mon- 
tague Ti^,  who  knows  his  secret.  Jonas 
marries  Mercy  Pecksniff,  his  cousin,  and 
leads  her  a  life  of  utter  misery.  His 
education  had  been  conducted  on  monev- 
grubbing  principles;  the  first  word  he 
was  taught  to  spell  was  gain^  and  the 
second  numey.  He  poisons  himself  to 
save  his  neck  from  the  gallows. 

TblM  fine  toouc  man  bad  all  tbe  Inclination  of  a 
pnrfUyate  ot  tbe  flrrt  water,  and  onljr  Utcked  the  one 
good  trait  in  the  cuinmoa  cataloaue  of  defanuobed  yleee 
«l»en'lMUid»dneM    to  be  a  notaoto  vagabond.    But  tfacve 
ba  gripJng  and  penorioiu  babita  alepped  lik-rCbap.  xi. 

Mctrtm  Chuzzletoit,  sen.y  grandfather 
to  the  hero  of  the  same  name.  A  stern 
Old  man,  whose  kind  heart  has  been 
turned  to  gall  by  the  dire  selfishness  of 
bis  relations.  Being  resolved  to  expose 
Pecksniff,  he  goes  to  live  in  his  house, 
and  pretends  to  be  weak  in  intellect,  but 
keeps  his  eyes  sharp  open,  and  is  able  to 
expose  the  canting  scoundrel  in  all  his 
deformity. 

Martin  Chuzzlewit,  jun,,  the  hero  of 
the  taJe  called  Martin  Chuzzlewit,  grand- 
son to  old  Martin.  His  nature  has  been 
warped  by  bac*  training,  and  at  first  he 
is  both  selfisl^  and  exacting ;    but  the 


troubles  and  hardships  he  nndergoei  in 
**  Eden  "  completely  tranadform  him.  and 
he  becomes  worthy  of  .Mary  Graliam, 
whom  he  marries. — C.  Dickens,  Martm 
Chuzzlewit  (1844). 

Chyndo'nax,  a  chief  druid,  whose 
tomb  (with  a  Greek  inscription)  was 
discovered  near  Dijon,  in  1598. 

Ciaooo'  (2  ayl.),  a  glutton,  spoken  to 

bv  Dant^  in  the  third  circle  of  hell,  the 

place  to  which  gluttons  are  consigned  to 

endless  woe.    Tlie  word  means  **a  pig,** 

and  is  not  a  proper  name,  but  omv  a 

symbolical  one.— Dant^  Hell,  vi.  (1800). 

Claeoo,  thr  dire  afflictlott  frleres  iM  mach. 

irelI,vL 

Cicero.  When  the  great  Roman 
orator  was  given  up  by  Augustus  to  the 
revenge  ot  Antony,  it  was  a  cobbler  wiio 
conducted  the  sicarii  to  FormiiB,  whither 
Cicero  had  fled  in  a  litter,  intendini^  to 
put  to  sea.  His  bearers  would  have 
fought,  but  Cicero  forbade  them,  and 
one  Herennius  has  the  unenviable  noto- 
riety of  being  his  murderer. 

It  was  a  oobbler  that  aat  tbe  mitrderen  on  Ooarow— 
0uld4.  AriaOmi,  L  C 

doero  of  the  British  Senate,  George 
Canning  (1770-1827). 

Cicero  of  France,  Jean  Baptisto  Ma*- 
sillon  (16^1742). 

Cicero  of  Germany,  John  elector  of 
Brandenb^  (1455,  1486-1499). 

Cicero^s  Mouth,  Philippe  Pot,  prime 
minister  of  Louis  XI.  (1428-1494). 

Tlus  British  Cicero,  William  Pitt,  earl 
of  Chatham  (1708-1778). 

The  Christian  Cicero,  Lucius  CcelittB 
Lactantius  (died  880). 

The  German  Cicero,  Johann  Sturm, 
printer  and  scholar  (1507-1589). 

Cide'nius.  So  Chaucer  calls  Mer- 
cury. He  was  named  CyU^nius  from 
mount  Cylle'n§,  in  Peloponnesus,  where 
he  was  bom. 

Ciclealn  ridinf  la  bis  cfalradiee. 
duueer.  CmmpL  tf  Mmn  mud  Kamu  (im)u 

Cid  {The)  =  Seid  or  Siguier,  also 
called  Campeador  \Cam,pa' ,tlar\  or 
*'  Camp  hero.  *  Rodrigue  Diaz  de  Bivar 
was  sumamcd  **the  Cid.'*  The  great 
hero  of  Castille ;  he  was  bom  at  Burgos 
1080  and  died  1099.  He  signalized  him- 
self by  his  exploits  in  the  reigns  <tf 
Ferdinand,  Sancno  II.,  and  Alphonso  YI« 
of  Leon  and  Castille.  In  the  wars  be- 
tween Suicho  II.  and  his  brother  (Al- 
phonso VI.),  he  sided  with  the  former; 
and  on  the  assassination  of  Sancho,  was 
disgraced,  and  quitted  th6  court.     He 


cm. 


i» 


CINQ-HARS. 


Mad  hit  Tiflsalfl,  aod  marched 
■gBiOit  the  Moots,  whom  he  oonqaered 
IB  terenl  battles,  so  that  Alphonso  was 
neceaeitated  to  recall  him.  Both  Cor- 
iwiUe  and  Gnilhem  de  Cantro  hare 
sdmirable  tragedies  on  the  sat^ect; 
Boss  Neil  has  an  English  drama  called 
The  CU;  Sandiez,  m  1775,  wrote  a 
kng  poem  of  1128  rerses,  called  Poema 
dft  utf  Cconpeador.  Soathey,  in  his 
Ckrtmiek  of  the  Gd  (1808),  has  coUected 
tU  that  is  known  of  tiiis  extraordinary 
bnob 

(It  was  7%tf  CW/(1(»6)  which  gained  for 
Goreeille  the  title  of  "  Le  Grand  Cor- 
■fliUa.'*) 

The  CWs  FatAer,  don  Diego  Lainex. 

The  ad's  AMMer,  dofia  Teresa  Nnfiex. 

The  CmTs  Wtfe,  Xime'na,  daughter  of 
coont  Lozano  de  (}ormaz.  The  Frendi 
ciU  her  £a  Belle  Chim^ne,  but  the  rdle 
asoibed  to  her  by  Comeille  is  wholly 


Wnt  dwM  taim  Bibtea't  rclii ; 
Kotv  va  tkf  lov^  XkMM 
•w  tba*  at  hv  ildB  asrio. 

Tk«  Old. 

Tki  Gd'9  CkOdren,  His  two  dan^ters 
wne  ElTi'ra  and  Sol ;  his  son  Di<^ 
Bodriqnes  died  young. 

The  Gdt  Hone  was  Babieca  [either 
Bak.i.i'Jtk  or  Ba.hee'.keh].  It  survived 
ils  master  two  years  and  a  half,  but  no  one 
«M  sllowed  to  mount  it.  Babieca  was 
hnied  before  the  monastery  gates  of 
Tsleoeia,  and  two  elms  were  planted  to 
vsrktiMspot. 


IMh  H  ■sa4r  VM  and  phMUit 
Td  bahaU  hte  at  thilr  head. 

UteaaailoaBaMaca. 
A^  tD  Itat  tiM  wonta  te  mU. 

ruou. 

(Here  "BaUeca**  U  4  syL,  but  in  the 
▼erte  above  it  is  only  8  syt!) 

The  OtTs  8»tords,  C^ola'da  and  Tizo'na 
("  terror  of  the  world  -).  The  Utter  was 
taken  by  him  from  king  Bucar. 

Gd  {The  Portrngneee).  Nunes  Alva'res 
Perei^  (1860-1481). 

Cid  Haxnet  Benengeli,  the  hy- 
ptiOctical  author  of  Don  Qtozofo.  (See 
BnviiaKLi.) 

Spanish  commentators  have  discovered 
tUs  pseudonym  to  be  only  an  Arabian 
TcnioQ  of  alffnior  Cervantes,  dd,  i.e, 
"aignior;"  Hametj  a  Moorish  prefix: 
■Bd  Ben-m-<jelif  meaning  "son  of  a  stag.** 
So  eervato  ("  a  young  stag  **)  is  the  Uuis 
•ftheMae(}ervaates. 


Cidli,  the  daughter  of  Jaims,  re- 
itend  to  life  ^  Jesus.    She  was  beloved 


bjr  Semlda,  the  young  man  of  Nain,  alat 
raised  by  Jesus  from  the  dead. — Klop- 
stock.  The  Messiah,  iv.  (1771). 

dllaros,  the  horse  of  CJastor  or 
Pollux,  so  named  from  Cylla,  in  Troas. 

Cimmerian  Darkness.  Homer 
places  tiie  (^mmerians  bevond  the  Gceftnns, 
m  a  land  of  never-ending  gloom;  and 
immediately  after  Cimmeria,  he  places 
the  empire  of  Had^.  Pliny  {Hlstoria 
Naturalist  vi.  14)  pUces  Cimmeria  near 
the  lake  Avemus,  m  Italy,  where  **  the 
sun  never  penetrates.^  Cimmeria  is  now 
called  Kertchy  but  the  CV>ssacks  call  it 
Prekia  {Hell). 


Thcra  vmim  aboa  ihadM  and  low-brawad  i 
la  dark  fhaMWIaii  emaha  ttm  dwaD. 

Hlltoii.  L'ABt^ro  009. 

Taapadra-doabti  thai  raO 

■rkaaa  oa  tba  parttng  muL 
CtaapbaO.  FtMUum  qfWopt,  IL  (ITW). 


Cincinna'tiis  of  the  Amerioans, 
George  Washington  (1782-1799). 

Cinderella,  the  heroine  of  a  fairy 
tale.  Shewasthedmdgeof  the  house,  "put 
upon'*  by  her  two  elder  sisters.  While  the 
elder  sisters  were  at  a  ball,  a  fairy  came, 
and  having  arrayed  the  **  little  cinder- 
girl  "  in  ball  costume,  sent  her  in  a  mag- 
nificent coach  to  the  palace  where  the  biul 
was  given.  The  prince  fell  in  love  with 
her,  but  knew  not  who  she  was.  This,  how- 
ever, he  discovered  by  means  of  a  **  glass 
slipper**  which  she  dropped,  and  which 
fitted  no  foot  but  her  own. 

(This  tale  is  substantially  the  same  as 
that  of  Rhodopis  and  Psammifichtu  in 
^lian  (Var.  Hist.,  xiii.  82}.  A  similar 
one  is  also  told  in  Strabo  {Ueoq,  xvii.).) 

The  glass  slipper  should  be  the  fur 
slip|)er,  pantoufie  en  wttr,  not  en  verre ;  our 
version  oeing  taken  from  the  Contes  de 
Fees  of  C.  Perrault  (1697). 

Cinna,  a  tragedy  by  Pierre  Omeille 
(1637).  Mdlle.  RsuAel,  in  1838,  took  the 
chief  female  character,  and  produced 
a  great  sensation  in  Paris. 

Ciziq-Mars  (H.  Coiffier  de  Rme, 
marquis  de),  favourite  of  Louis  XIII.  and 
prot^g^  of  Richelieu  (1620-1642).  Irri- 
tated by  the  cardinara  opposition  to  his 
marriage  with  Marie  de  (jonzague,  Cinq- 
Mars  tried  to  overthrow  or  to  assassinate 
him.  Gaston,  the  kind's  brother,  sided  with 
the  conspirator,  but  Richelieu  discovered 
the  plot,  and  CSnq-Mars,  being  arrested, 
was  condemned  to  death.  Alfred  de 
Vi^y  published,  in  1826,  a  novel  (in 
iraits^on  of  Scott's  historioil  novels)  on 
the  subjecti  under  the  title  of  ditq-Mart* 


CIKQUECENTO. 


190 


CmZKN. 


Qinqaeoento  (8  w/.),  the  fifkeenUi 
century  of  Italian  notables.  They  were 
ArioBto  (1474-1588),  Tano  (1544-1695), 
uid Giovanni  RucelUi  (1475-1626)f/)o^; 
Raphael  (1483-1520),  Titian  (1480-1576), 
and  Michael  Angelo  (1474-1564),  poMterrs. 
These,  with  Maduavelli,  Loigi  Alamanni, 
Bernardo  Baldi,  etc.,  make  np  what  is 
tenned  the  '*  Cinquecentesti.**  The  word 
means  the  worthies  of  the  *500  epoch, 
and  it  will  be  obeenred  that  they  all 
flourished  between  1500  and  the  close  of 
that  centnry.    (See  Sbicbicta.) 

OoUU  wrlln  In  wtntar  Monifiisi  at*  VtncHMi writings 
t»bi««f  dnqoaeaatoworktlMtvauldenraiitimtlMsaiili 
of  the  TbtiMHt  who  hMUt  Chriitie'i.-^  Ytm,  CM*. 
AHdMk  xis. 

Ci^an'ffo  or  Zipango,  a  marvel- 
loos  island  described  in  Uie  Voyage* 
of  Marco  Polo,  the  Venetian  traveller. 
He  described  it  as  Ivins  some  1500  miles 
from  land.  This  island  was  an  obiect  of 
dilL^ent  search  with  Ckilumbus  and  other 
ear^  navigators,  but  belongs  to  that 
wonderful  chart  which  contains  the  El 
Dorado  of  sir  Walter  Raleigh,  the  Utopia 
of  sir  Thomas  More,  the  AiUmlis  of  lord 
Bacon,  tiie  Lapmta  of  dean  Swift,  and 
other  plnces  better  known  in  story  than 
in  geography. 

Cipher.  The  Rev.  R.  Egerton  War- 
bnrton,  being  asked  for  his  cipher  by 
a  lady,  in  1845,  wrote  back : 

A  0  a  •  I  •  thee. 
Ohl  0  no  0  bat  0  nw; 
Tet  thy  0  mjr  t  on«  0  f»» 
Tin  n  d  0  th«  0  u  •  ao 

A  dphar  yoa  dgh-for.  1  righ-Cor  thee. 

Ob  !  riKh-for  norlpber.  but  tlgh-for  ■•• ; 

T«t  thy  ri(h-for  my  dpher  <Me^-ror«o  {Qm<m  I  fcr#)l 

Till  you  ds-dpbcr  th«  dphcr  yea  i^fh-fer  m. 

(Erroneously  ascribed  to  Dr.  Whewell.) 

Circe  (2  5^^),  a  sorceress  who  meta- 
morphosed the  companions  of  Ulysses 
into  swine.  Ulysses  resisted  the  en- 
chantment by  means  of  the  herb  m^y, 
given  him  by  Mercury. 

Who  kaow*  not  OrBt, 
Hie  daughter  of  the  ton.  whow  cbanuM  cop 
Wboevtr  tasted  kMt  hli  aprlght  •hape. 
And  downvaid  Ml  Into  a  groveUbif  ivlnef 

Milton,  CenNM  aSB^ 


Circuit  (Serjeant),  in  Footers  farce 
called  Ths  Lame  Lover, 

Circtunlooution  Office,  a  term 
applied  by  C.  Dickens,  in  LUUe  Dorrii 
(1855),  to  our  public  oflRces,  where  the 
duty  is  so  divided  and  subdivided  that 
the  simplest  process  has  topass  through 
a  whole  series  of  officials.  The  following, 
from  baron  Stockmar,  will  illustrate  the 
absurdity: — 

puftn  the  MM  MawMd  jaiA  Out  /^Mf 


the  lawim,  bet  the  lovd 


andtayeAejli^hatthelerleh«nh«Wan^lftlt.  tta 
baron  ■uibewaaoaeeaent  by  the  anean  f  Ttetmia]  to  dbr 
Frederidt  Wataon  (nHMtar  of  the  heusebold),  to  caw|date 
tlwt  the  dnnrliig-rBoni  was  ahraya  eeU.  flb  Piedertdc 
reptted.  "You  aee.  it  b  not  my  fault,  for  the  lordateward 
otOr  {fliie  the  flra,  it  la  the  loid  chamberiahi  who  U§ku 

Again  he  says : 

Ihe  lord  dMunhariaIn 
Btaward  haa  to  aee  that 

Here,  therefore,  the  duty  is  reversed. 
Again  t 

If  a  pane  of  ^aai  er  the  deer  el  a  cupheard  In  flte 
kHehan  aeate  aModlac;  the  procM  lanMlo«B:a)  A 
raquUtkm  moat  be  prepared  and  dcned  by  the  cfakf  oook. 
<S)  Thta  nuHt  hecouotenricncd  by  the  deit  of  the  UtcboA. 
O)  It  b  than  taken  to  the  nMwter  of  the  houMheUL  ft) 
It  must  neztbeavthortaed  at  the  lord  chaaubwIahiTi  oMoa^i 
(5)  Being  flnH  authoriaed.  It  la  kid  before  the  dark  of  the 
works  andar  the  ofloe  of  Wooda  and  Fererts.  Co  ihnt  It 
would  take  montha  belbre  the  pane  of  gbae  er  iphonrd 
oouU  be  mended.— JTenMlri.  h.  Ul,  ]& 

(Some  of  this  foolery  has  been  recently 
abolished.) 

Cirrha,  one  of  the  summits  of  Pai^ 
nassus,  saned  to  Apollo.  That  of  Nysa, 
another  eminence  in  the  same  moantain, 
was  dedicated  to  Baeefans. 


My  row* 
Orrodqr 


Cbrha. 


tothe 


toOfMaimiaOSm), 


Cisley  or  Ciss,  any  dairy-maid. 
Tusser  frequently  speaks  of  the  **  dairy- 
maid Cislcy,*'  and  in  April  Husbandary 
tells  Ciss  she  must  carenilly  keep  these 
ten  guests  from  her  cheeses:  Geha'zi, 
Lot*8  wife^  Argus,  Tom  Piper,  Crispin, 
Lazarus,  Esau,  Mary  Maudlin,  Gentiles, 
and  bishops.  (1)  Gehasi,  because  a 
cheese  should  never  be  a  dead  white, 
like  Gchazi  the  leper.  (3)  Lot*s  wife, 
because  a  cheese  should  not  be  too  salt, 
like  Lot*s  wife.  (8)  Aigus,  because  a 
cheese  should  not  be  full  of  eyes,  like 
Argus.  (4)  Tom  Piper,  because  a  cheese 
should  not  be  "  hoven  and  puffed,"  like 
the  cheeks  of  a  piper.  (5)  Crispin, 
because  a  cheese  should  not  be  leathery, 
as  if  for  a  cobbler*s  use.  (6)  LaxamSy 
because  a  cheese  should  not  be  poor,  like 
the  beggar  LAzarus.  (7)  Esau,  because 
a  cheese  should  not  be  hairy,  like  Esau. 
(8)  Mary  Maudlin,  because  a  cheese 
should  not  be  full  of  whey,  as  Mary 
Maudlin  was  full  of  tears.  (9)  GentileiL 
because  a  cheese  should  not  be  full  of 
maggots  or  gentils.  (10)  Bidiops,  be- 
cause «  cheese  should  not  be  made  of 
burnt  milk,  or  milk  "banned  by  a 
bishop.**— T.  Tusser,  Ftte  Hundred  PoitUa 
of  Good  Hutbandry  C  AprU,"  1557). 

Citizen  (The),  a  farce  by  Arthur 
Murpfav.  George  Philpot  is  destined  U> 
be  the  husband  of  Maria  Wilding,  hot  as 


aTIZBNKIKG. 


191 


CIYIL  WARS. 


liujft  WHdingbin  1ot«  witfa  Beaufort, 
the  bchftTea  lo  nllily  to  her  betrothed 
that  he  rofoses  to  narrj  her,  whereupon 
Am  gives  her  band  to  Beaofort  (1757). 

Citiaoii  Xing  (  7^),  Lonis  Philippe, 
the  firat  elective  king  of  France  (1773, 
1830-1849,  abdicated  and  died  1860). 

CSty,  phi.  Citiee. 

C%  ojr  Ckmcket,  Brooklyn,  New 
fork,  which  hat  an  nnnsaal  number  of 
cfaordies. 

CUjf  of  Dmii,  Jeni8altm.~3  Sam,  r, 
7,9. 

C%  of  JkttnKihn,  thif  worid,  or 
nkher  the  worldly  state  of  the  nncon- 
Toted.  Bnnyan  makes  "Christian'*  flee 
tnm  the  City  of  DestmcUon  and  journey 
to  the  Oeleatial  City,  by  which  he  aile- 
eoffiaes  the  **walk  of  a  Christian**  from 
Ins  coBTersioo  to  death  (1678). 

Giy  of  Enckimiments,  a  magical  city 
dcsenbed  in  the  ^ory  of  "  Beder  Prince 
of  P^rsu.**— ilra6«m  Nigktt^  Entertam- 


(%  cf  Gody  the  CSiarch  or  whole  body 
ti  befierevB.  The  phrase  is  used  by  St. 
Amstine. 

CUjf  of  LoHtems,  an  ima^nary  clond- 
dty  aomewhere  beyond  ue  xodiac — 
Locian,  Vera  Historia, 

Oitjro/ZrfiyMnM.Caerleon-on-Usk.  New- 
port is  the  jK>rt  of  this  ancieot  city 
(MoDBOBtfashire  and  Glamorganshire). 
It  was  in  the  City  of  Legions  that  Arthur 
Md  his  court.  It  contained  two  cathe- 
dnh,  rix.,  St.  Julius  and  St.  Aaron,  built  in 
hemr  of  two  martyrs  who  suffered  death 
hve  in  the  reign  of  Diocletian. 

(%  of  MasU^  London. 

CS(y  (/ JfoMMitfiils,  Baltimore,  in  Mary- 
laad.    One  of  its  streets  is  eall^  Monu- 


CSte  of  Faiaon.  Three  cities  are  so 
csiM:  (1)  Rome  from  the  reini  of 
Asnatoa.  Agrippa  converted  "a  city  of 
brick  huts  into  a  city  of  marble  palaces.** 
(2)  Cakntta.  (3)  St.  Petersburg  U  so 
caOed,  fh>m  its  numerous  Imperial  and 
Goverument  edifices. 

Gty  of  Refvge,  Medi'na,  m  Arabia, 
were  Mahomet  took  refnge  when  driven 
by  consinratorB  from  Ik^cca.  He  en- 
tered the  city  not  as  a  fugitive,  but  in 
tziomph  (A.P.  622). 

Cities  of  Reftige,  Bezer,  Ramoth,  and 
(Jolau  (eorf  of  Jordan)  ;  Hebron,  She- 
chem,  and  Kedcsh  {ttest  oit  that  river). 
— /inrf.  iv.  43 ;  Josh.  xx.  1-8. 

Gtlf  of  tka  Great  King,  Jerusalem.— 

^-^xlTiiL2;ifiia.  v.36. 


Cities  of  tha  Flaim,  Sodom  and  Go- 
morrah.— Gen,  xiii.  12. 

Cttff  of  the  Prophet f  Medi'na,  in  Arabia, 
where  Mahomet  was  protected  when  he 
fled  from  Mecca  (July  16,  a.d.  622).     * 

CUtf  of  the  Am,  Balbec,  caUed  in 
Greek,  Heliop^olis  ("sun-city"). 

*^*  In  Campanella*s  romance  the 
"  City  of  the  Sun  *'  is  an  ideal  republic, 
constructed  on  the  model  of  Plato's 
republic  It  it  an  hypothetical  perfect 
society  or  theocratic  communism.  Sir 
T.  More  in  his  Utopia^  and  lord  Bacon 
in  his  il<^<mits,  devised  similar  cities. 

aty  of  the  Tribesj  Galway,  in  Ireland, 
"  the  residence  of  thirteen  tribes,**  which 
settled  there  in  1236. 

Oity  of  the  West^  Glasgow,  in  Scotland, 
situate  on  the  CHyde,  tiM  principal  river 
on  the  west  coast. 

The  Cleanest  City  m  the  World,  Broek, 
in  Holland,  whi<m  is  "painfully  neat 
and  clean.*' 

The  Seven  Cities,  Egypt,  Jerusalem, 
Babylon,  Athens,  Rome,  Constantinople, 
and  London  (for  commerce)  or  Paris  (for 
beauty). 

(In  the  Seven  Wonders  of  the  World, 
the  last  of  the  wonders  is  doubtful,  some 

S'ving  the  Pharos  of  Egypt,  and  others 
e  Palace  of  Cyrus ;  so  again  in  the  Seven 
Sages  of  Greece,  the  seventh  is  either 
Periander,  M3rson,  or  Epimenid^s.) 

City  Madam  (The),  a  comedy  by 
Philip  Massinger  (1683).  She  was  the 
daughter  of  a  fanner  named  (roodnian 
Humble,  and  married  a  merchant,  sir 
John  Frugal,  who  became  immensely 
wealthy,  but  retired  from  business,  and 
by  a  deed  of  |nft  transferred  his  wealth 
to  his  brother  Luke,  wherebv  madam  and 
her  daughter  were  both  dependent  on 
him.  During  her  days  of  wealth  the 
extravagance  of  lady  Frugal  was  un- 
boundea,  and  her  dress  costly  beyond 
conception ;  but  Luke  reduced  her  sti^  to 
that  of  farmers'  daughters  in  general. 
Luke  says  to  her: 

Ton  wervnmd  in  pifttot 
BtiiTHi  not  a  foot  vtthoul  a  eoMh,  and  fotaig 
To  chareh,  not  far  davotloa.  but  to  rfMw 
Your  pompk 

Tht  Ctaf  Madam  la  an  oxtfnonllnarlly  aplrltBd  pletnra 
of  aetaal  tUa.  idealixed  into  a  aaail-eomlc  atnin  of  poetry. 
— ProraBor  Bpaldins. 


Civil  Wars  of  England. 


TheralHittQaOatlonldlla;  aDoooSoth  UUnDonat 
A  Boocb  a  Bootli.  and  Lalgii  hf  Laigh  iaoTarthrown; 
A  VenaMat  a«ainat  a  VanaMes  doth  atand : 
ATroutlMcli  AghtrtH  with  a Traatbaak  iiand  to  bandt 
Tbare  Mollnoox  doth  maka  a  Moliuaux  to  dla, 
And  BvartoQ  tha  atranath  tsi  Igrrton  doth  tqr. 

Dnvton,  iVJtarOMMMadL  (MBD. 


CLACK-DISH. 


192 


CUUEtCHEN. 


Olaok-Dish,  a  dish  or  pUtter  with  a 
lid,  used  at  one  time  by  ueggars,  who 
clacked  the  lid  when  persons  drew  near,  to 
arrest  attention  and  thus  solicit  alms. 

Tour  benu*  of  tktfyi  and  blinn  WMtopatftdncatla 
lur  dartt-dta.— ninlniimir.  Mmnir*  for  Mmmr9,mei 
iU.  K.  S  (10(0). 

Cladpole  (Ton),  Richard  Lower,  of 
Chiddingly,  author  of  Tom  Ciadpole'a 
Jowneu  U)  Lunnun  (1881) ;  Jan  Clad' 
polo's  Trip  to  'Mcrricmr  (1844),  etc. 

Claimant  (The),  William  Knollys, 
in  Tke  Oreat  Banbury  Case^  claimed  the 
baronetcy,  but  was  non-suited.  This 
suit  lasted  150  years  (1660-1811). 

Douglas  V,  Hamilton,  in  The  Oreat 
DotiglM  CbM,  was  settled  in  favour  of  the 
claimant,  who  was  at  once  raised  to  the 
peerage  under  the  name  and  tiUe  of 
Daron  Douglas  of  Douglas  Castle,  but 
was  not  restored  to  the  title  of  duke 
(1767-1769). 

Tom  ProTis,  a  schoolmaster  of  ill 
repute,  who  had  married  a  servant  of  sir 
Hugh  Smitiies  of  Ashton  Hall,  near 
Bristol,  claimed  the  baronetcy  and  estates, 
but  was  non-suited  and  condemned  to 
imprisonment  for  twenty-one  yean 
(1853). 

ArtJinr  Orton,  who  claimed  to  be  sir 
Roger  Tichbome  (drowned  at  sea).  He 
was  non-suited  and  sentenced  to  fourteen 
years*  imprisonment  for  perjury  (1871- 
1872). 

Clandestine  ICarriase  (The), 
Fanny  Sterling,  the  younger  daughter  of 
Mr.  Sterling,  a  rich  city  merchant,  is 
clandestineljjr  married  to  Mr.  Lovewell, 
an  apprentice  in  the  house,  of  good 
familpr ;  and  sir  John  Melvil  is  engaged 
to  Miss  Sterling,  the  elder  sister.  Lord 
Oglebv  is  a  guest  in  the  merchant's  house. 
Sir  John  prefers  Fanny  to  her  elder  sister, 
and  not  knowing  of  her  marriage  proposes 
to  her.  but  is  reiectaL  Fanny  appeals  to 
lord  OglebjT)  who  bein^  a  vain  old  fou, 
fancies  she  is  in  love  with  him,  and  telis 
Sterling  he  means  to  make  her  a  countess. 
Matters  being  thus  involved,  Lovewell 
goes  to  consult  with  Fanny  about  de- 
claring their  marriage,  and  the  sister,  con- 
vincea  that  sir  John  is  shut  u|)  in  her 
sister's  room,  rouses  the  house  with  a  cry 
of  **  Thieves !  '*  Fanny  and  Lovewell  now 
make  tiieir  appearance.  All  parties  are 
scandalized.  But  Fanny  declare  they 
have  been  married  four  months,  and  lord 
Ogleby  takes  their  part  So  all  ends 
well.— <}.  Colman  and  D.  Garrick  (1766). 

Tliii  comedy  is  a    r€cJuiHff€  of    The 


False  Concord^  by  Rev.  James  Townlej, 
many  of  the  characters  and  much  of  tne 
dialogue  being  preserved. 

Clan^  of  Shields.  To  strike  the 
shield  with  the  blunt  end  of  a  spear  was 
in  Ossianic  tiroes  an  indication  or  war  to 
the  death.  A  bard,  when  the  shield  waa 
thus  struck,  raised  the  mort-song. 


Odrter  risw  In  hb  tnm.  DarloMa  SBtlMn  on 
brow.  TIm  bandred  b«rp«  oenae  at  onoe.  The  cisas  of 
diWdsbbMid.  Par  diiUnt  oo  the iMMh  OIU lalml  Uw 
•ong  of  woe.    Oariin.  Ttmarm^  L 

Cla'ra»  in  Otway*s  comedy  called  The 
Cheats  of  Scapin^  an  English  version  of 
Les  Fomrberies  de  Scapnij  by  Moli^re, 
represents  the  French  character  called 
*<Hyacinthe."  Her  father  is  called  by 
Otway  "Gripe,**  and  by  MoU^  <*G^ 
route"  (3  syl.) ;  her  brother  is  **  Leander,** 
in  French  "Leandre;**  and  her  swe^heait 
••  Octavian  **  son  of  "  Thrifty,"  in  French 
"  OcUve"  son  of  "Argante.^  The  som 
of  money  wrung  from  Gripe  is. £200, 
but  that  squeezed  out  of  Geronte  is  1500 
livres. 

Clara  [d'Almansa],  daughter  of 
don  Guzman  of  Seville,  beloved  by  don 
Ferdinand,  but  destined  bv  her  mother 
for  a  cloister.  She  loves  Ferdinand,  but 
repulses  him  from  shvness  and  modesty, 
quits  home,  and  takes  refuge  in  St. 
Catherine's  Convent.  Ferdinand  discovers 
her  retreat,  and  after  a  few  necessary 
blunders  they  are  married. — Sheridmn^ 
The  Duenna  (1778). 

Clara  (Ihnna)y  the  troto-plignt  wife  of 
Oclavio.  Her  affianced  husband,  having 
killed  don  Felix  in  a  duel,  was  obliged  to 
lie  perdu  for  a  time,  and  Clara,  assuming 
her  brother's  clothes  and  name,  went  im 
search  of  him.  Both  came  to  Salamanca, 
both  set  up  at  the  Eagle,  both  hired  the 
same  servant  Lazarillo,  and  ere  long  they 
met,  recognized  each  othen  and  became 
man  and  wife. — Jephson,  Two  Strings  to 
your  Bow  (1792). 

Clara  [Douglas],  a  lovely  girl,  of 
artless  mind,  feeling  lieart.  great  modesty, 
and  well  accomplished.  She  loved  Alfred 
Evelyn,  but  refused  to  marry  him  because 
they  were  both  too  poor  to  support  a 
house.  Evelyn  was  left  an  immense  for- 
tune,  and  proposed  to  Georgina  Vese^, 
but  Georgina  gave  her  hand  to  sir 
Frederick  Blount.  Being  tiius  disen- 
tangled, Evelyn  again  proposed  to  Clara, 
and  was  joyfully  accepted. — ^Lord  L. 
Bulwer  Lytton,  Money  (1840). 

Clarohen  [JSiZtfr'.An],  a  female  cha- 


CLARE. 


19S 


CLAUDINE. 


in  Goctlw's  ^momtf  noted  for  her 
couitaaejsad  devotion. 

dare  {Aday,  cootin  of  Siduud  Ckr- 
itone,  both  of  whom  are  orphana  and 
Tarda  in  Chancery.  The}*  marry  each 
other,  hot  Richard  diea  yoong,  blighted 
by  the  lav's  delay  in  the  ffreat  Chancenr 
wit  of  "Jamdyoe  «.  Jamdyce." — C. 
Dickens,  Bleak  Uouse  (1853). 

Clarenoe  {George  dnhe  of)^  intro- 
daoed  by  sir  W.  Scott  in  Anne  of  Geier- 
Item  (tine,  Edward  IT.). 

Clarenoe  and  the  ICalmsey- 
Butt.  According  to  tradition,  George 
dakeofClareiiee,  having  joined  Wanrick 
to  irylscs  Henry  VL  on  the  throne,  was 
DOl  t»  death,  and  the  choice  being  offered 
vm,  was  drowned  m  a  butt  of  nudmser 
(1478). 

bHKflMaWAia 

„-,n^-^  in  bis  -^Vrmr  Vnit, 
arnm.  Dom  Jmam,  L  ISf  (ISU). 

Clarendon  (The  earl  of)j  lord  chan- 
cellor to  Charles  II.  Introdaced  by  sir 
W.  Scott  in  Woodstock  (time,  Coromon- 
walfii). 

Clacibel  {S!r\  snmanied  *<The 
Lewd.**  One  of  tiie  six  knights  who  con- 
tcBdsd  for  the  false  FlorimeL— Spenser, 
/siry  Qmeem,  ivZ  9  (1596). 

Gmr'Aei^    the    pseudonym    of     Mrs. 
Bsniafd,  author    of   numeroos    popular 
(from  1865  to         ). 


^  Clar'ioe  (3  «y/.),  wife  of  Kinaldo,  and 
lister  of  Hoon  of  Bordeaux.  Introduced 
■  the  nMaaoceii  of  Bojardo,  Ariosto, 


Clann  or  Clarin'da,  the  con- 
fidential maid  of  Kadigond  queen  of  the 
im'azooa.  When  the  queen  had  got  sir 
Artegal  into  her  power,  and  made  him 
chsnge  his  armour  for  an  apron,  and  his 
ivora  for  a  distaff,  she  fell  in  love  with 
the  captive^  and  sent  Clarin  to  win  him 
over  by  fair  promises  and  indulgences. 
CUrin  perfonned  the  appointed  mission, 
bat  fell  in  love  herself  with  the  knight, 
snd  told  the  queen  that  sir  Art^^  was 
ohsHnste,  and  rejected  her  advances  with 
•Mm.— Spenser,  FaSrg  Queen,  r.  6 
(15W), 

Clarinda,  the  heroine  of  Mrs.  Cent- 
firre's  drama  The  Beau's  Duel  (1703). 


. , i  b«  wore  cwpUwrtius  than  Mw.  PritdiMd 

nm-lTSII IB 2 ^ Macbeth."  " TbeQuxn-ta Jf<wi»/«^ 

'  fai  ■bort,  MM  I  tptdttt  ot  ttnng 

r  A  poliib  mad  ptrtoeHom  Uum 

>  aun  tnOjr  apclnrtli^— a  Mb* 


\*  "  Esti&nia^"  in  Rule  a  Wife  and 
Hate  a  Wife^  by  Beaumont  and  Fletcher. 

Clarin'da,  a  merry,  good-humoured, 
high-apiritCMi  lady,  in  love  with  Charles 
Frankly.  The  madcap  Ranger  is  her 
cousin. — Dr.  Hoadly,  The  Suapicwue 
Husband  (1747). 

Clarinda  of  Robert  Bums,  was  Mrs. 
Macldiose,  who  was  alive  in  1888. 

Clarion,  the  son  and  heir  of  Mns- 
oarol.  He  was  the  fairest  and  most 
prosperous  of  all  the  race  of  flies. 
Aragnol,  the  son  of  ArachnS  (the  spider), 
entertained  a  deep  and  secret  hatred 
of  tho  yonng  prince,  and  set  himself  to 
destroy  him  ;  so,  weaving  a  most  curious 
net,  CHarion  was  soon  caught,  and  Aragnol 
gave  him  his  death-wound  by  piercing 
him  under  tho  left  wing. — Spenser, 
Muhpotmos    or    The    Butterfly's    Fate 

Claris'sa,    wife     of     Gripe     the 

scrivener.     A  lazy,    lackadaisical,    fine 

city  lady,  who  thinks  **a  woman  must 

be  of   mechanic    mould  who    is    either 

troubled  or  pleased  wiUi  anything  her 

husband  can  do  **  (act  i.  3).  She  has  "  wit 

and  beauty,  with  a  fool  to  her  husband,** 

but    thongn  "fool,**  a  hard,  grasping, 

mean,  old  hunks. 

"  I  hitve  mom  ntitiMti  for  ipleaa  Uuib  oml  b  It  sot  a 
mort  horrible  thliiK  that  I  shoaU  be  a  ■crtreDer'k  wUef . . . 
Don't  jrou  think  natore  derigned  me  Ibr  KMnetblngBftif 
^nit  f  Why.  I  dare  abuee  oobudjr.  Fm  afraid  to  aBhtot 
people. ...  or  to  ruin  th^  reputations.  ...  I  dare  not 
ralte  the  Ue  ofa  man.  though  he  nedecte  to  nuke  lore  to 
ne;  nor  report  a  woman  to  bee  fool,  though  abebbaad- 
vioer  tban  I.  In  ahort.  I  dare  not  lo  much  as  l>id  mjr 
Cootmaa  kick  people  out  of  doom,  tbooitb  thejr  come  to 
dun  me  for  what  I  owe  ibcm.**— £lr  John  Vaabngh.  Tkt 
CbVMteruey.  L  S  UttO). 

donyso,  sister  of  Beverley,  plighted 
to  (xeorge  fiellmont. — ^A.  Murphy,  Ml  mi 
the  Wrong  (1761). 

Clariasa  Harlowe.    (See    Hab- 

LOWB.) 

Clark  {The  Rev.  T.),  the  pseudonym 
of  John  GaU,  the  noveUst  (177^1889). 

Clarke  (The  Rev,  C.  C),  one  of  the 
many  pseudonyms  of  sir  Richard  Phillips, 
author  of  The  Hundred  Wonders  of  the 
World  (1818),  Readings  m  Natural 
Philosophy, 

Cla'tho^  the  last  wife  of  Fingal  and 
mother  of  Fillan,  Fingal's  youngest  son. 

Claude  ( The  English),  Richard  Wilson 
(1714-1782). 

Clau'dine  (2  syL),  wife  of  the  porter 
of  the  hotel  Harancour,  and  old  nurse  of 

o 


n 


CLAUDIO. 


194 


CLAYPOLE. 


Julio  **  the  deaf  luid  damb  '*  count.  She 
recognizeB  the  lad,  who  h»d  been  rescued 
by  De  TEpi^  from  the  streets  of  Paris, 
and  brongnt  up  by  him  under  the  name 
of  Theodore.  Ultimately,  the  guardian 
Darlemont  confesses  that  he  had  sent 
him  adrift  under  the  hope  of  getting  rid 
of  him ;  but  being  proved  to  be  the  count, 
he  is  restored  to  his  rank  and  property. — 
Th.  Holcroft,  The  Deaf  and  VwnS  {17 85). 

Claudio  (Lord)  of  Florence,  a  friend 
of  don  Pedro  pnnce  of  Aragon,  and 
engaged  to  Hero   (dau^ter  of  Leonato 

Sovemor     of      Messina). — Shakespeare, 
fuch  Ado  <^bout  Nothing  (1600). 

Clan'diOf  brother  of  Isabella  and  the 
suitor  of  Juliet.  He  is  imprisoned  by  lord 
Angelo  for  the  seduction  of  Juliet,  and  it 
is  on  the  effort  made  to  release  him  by  his 
sister  Isabella  that  the  whole  plot  turns. — 
Shakespeare,  Meature/or  Afea«Mre(1603). 

Clau'diUB,  king  of  Denmark,  who 
poisoned  his  brother,  married  the  widow, 
and  usurped  the  throne.  Claudius  in- 
duced Laertl^  to  challenge  Hamlet  to 
play  with  foils,  but  persuaded  him  to 
poison  his  weapon.  In  the  combat  the 
foils  got  changed,  and  Hamlet  wounded 
Laertis  with  the  poisoned  weapon.  In 
order  still  further  to  secure  the  death  of 
Hamlet,  Claudius  had  a  cup  of  poisoned 
wine  prepared,  which  he  intendea  to  give 
Hamlet  when  he  grew  thirsty  with 
playing.  The  queen,  drinking  of  Uiis  cup, 
died  of  poison,  and  Hamlet,  ru:<hing  on 
Claudius,  stabbed  him  and  cried  aloud, 
**  Here,  tnou  incestuous,  murderous  Dane, 
.  .  .  Follow  my  mother !  ** — Shakespeare, 
hamiet  (1696). 

♦*♦  In  the  Ifietory  of  Hamblet,  Clau- 
dius is  called  **  Fengon,"^  a  far  better  name 
for  a  Dane. 

ClaudiuSy  the  instrument  of  Appius  the 
decemvir  for  entrapping  Virginia.  He 
pretended  that  Virginia  was  his  slave, 
who  had  been  stolen  from  him  and  sold 
to  Viiginius. — J.  S.  Knowles,  Virginiua 
(1820). 

Claudius  (Mathias),  a  German  poet  bom 
at  Kheinfeld,  and  author  of  the  famous 
song  colled  Rheinveiniied  ("Rhenish  wine 
Bf^"^"))  sung  at  all  con\'ivial  feasts  of  the 
Germans. 

Caaodfos,  though  h«  Mnff  of  fingfmt. 
And  huce  Uuikarda  filled  with  Aboofah, 

Froni  the  ttvf  Mood  of  drn«itiu 
MsfW  would  bis  own  rrplrnUfa. 

LongfeUow.  DrimUmg  Btmg, 

Clans  (Peter).    (See  under  K.) 


Ciaua  (Santa),  a  familiar  name  for  SL 

Nicholas,  the    patron  saint  of  childica. 

On  Christmas  Eve  German  children  have 

presents  stowed  away  in  their  socks  and 

^oes  while  they  are  asleep,  and  the  little 

credulous  ones  suppose  that  Santa  CIaum 

or  Klaus  placed  them  there. 

8L  KldMlM  b  mU  to  hare  npplM  thiw  dntlcala 
m»klw  wHtoiMiTiigf  poftiooBbywcw<|ylo»rtqi  mwxy 
wtUt  UmIt  w<dow«d  omtbar.juMl  m  hi*  d^jr  ocean  ink 
before  ChristsM.  he  wm  eeUcMd  for  Uic  stfl-glver  oa 
GhrittniM  Eve.— Yooae. 

"  Claverhouae  **  or  the  marquis  of 
Arg}'ll,  a  kinsman  of  Ravenswood,  intro- 
duced by  sir  W.  Scott  in  The  Bride  of 
Lammermoor  (time,  William  III.). 

CUxter'houae  (3  syL),  John  Graham  of 
Claveriiouse  (viscount  Dundee),  a  relent- 
less  Jacobite,  so  rapacious  and  profane, 
so  violent  in  temper  and  obdurate  of 
heart,  that  every  Scotchman  hates  the 
name.  He  hunted  the  covenanters  with 
real  vindictiveness,  and  is  almost  a  by- 
word for  barbarity  and  cruelty  (1650- 
1689). 

Clavljo  (Don),  a  cavalier  who  **  could 
touch  the  guitar  to  admiration,  write 
poetry,  dance  divinely,  and  had  a  fine 
genius  for  making  bird-cagee."  He 
married  the  princess  Antonomasia  of 
Candaya,  and  was  metamorphosed  by 
Malambru'no  into  a  crocodile  of  some 
unknown  metal.  Don  Quixote  disen- 
chanted him  **  by  simply  attemj^n^  the 
adventure.** — Cervantes,  Don  Ornxoie^ 
II.  iii.  4,  6  (1615). 

Clavilen'o,   the  wooden  horse  on 

which  don  Quixote  got  astride  in  order  to 

disenchant  the  infanta  Antonoma'sia,  her 

husband,  and  the  countess  Trifaldi  (called 

the   *'  Dolori'da  duefta  ").     It  was  *'  the 

very  horse  on  which  Peter  of  Provence 

carried  off  the  fair  Magalona,  and  was 

constructed  by  Merlin."    This  horse  was 

called  Clavileno  or  Wooden  Peg,  because 

it  was  governed  by  a  wooden  pin  in  the 

forehead. — Cervantes,  Don    Qmx<4ef  II* 

iii.  4,  6  (1616). 

There  !■  one  paedOu  t&nntagt  attendlnc  thb  htnei 
he  neither  eats,  drtuks,  sleepe,  nor  wanuebueln^  .  .  • 
Hb  DMue  is  not  Pepiaut,  nor  BnoephahH:  nor  is  tt 
Brllbuloro.  the  njune  of  Uie  steed  of  Urlendo  Furloea  i 
neither  is  M  Bo^nrto,  which  beloofed  to  Hsjualdu  dn 
Moiitnllion ;  nor  Bootes  uor  Periton.  the  Iwrws  of  tk» 
son :  bat  bis  name  is  CieTllmo  the  Winged. -Oiep.  4, 

Claypole  (Noah),  aiiaa  "Morris 
Bolter, '  an  ill-conditioned  charity-boy, 
who  takes  down  Uie  shutters  of  Sower- 
berry's  shop  and  receives  broken  meats 
from  Charlotte  (Sowerberry's  servant), 
whom  he  afterwards  marries. — C  Dickens, 
Oliver  Ticist  (1837). 


CLEANTE. 


i9b 


CLEMENTINA. 


deante  (2  *«'.);  brother-in-law  of 
Oigoo.  He  b  distniKaished  for  his 
geitiiiiie  piet^)  and  is  both  hiKh-minded 
and  eompMBioiuite. — ^Holi^re,  £a  Tartuffe 
(1664). 

QAmU  (2  <y/.)>  son  of  Har'ps|(on  the 
miser,  in  love  witik  Mjuiane  (3  sy/*)* 
Harpigon,  though  60  yean  old,  widied 
to  marry  the  same  young  lady,  but 
Qeute  solved  the  difficulty  thus:  He 
dug  op  a  casket  of  gold  from  the  garden, 
hiodeQ  under  a  tree  by  the  miser,  and 
wfaik  Harpagon  waa  raving  about  the  loss 
of  hn  gold,  Qeante  told  him  he  might  take 
his  chMce  between  Mariane  and  the  gold. 
The  niser  (neferred  the  casket,  which  was 
nstored  to  him,  and  Cl^ante  married 
Uariane.— Moli^re,  L'Avare  (1667). 

Q6iaUe  (2  syl.)y  the  lover  of  Angelique 
dani^ter  of  Arsan  the  maiade  imoffmatre. 
As  ktgui  had  |»omised  Angelique  ta 
marrisge  to  Thomas  Diafoirus  a  young 
Migeon,  CUante  carries  on  his  love  as 
a  mosic-master,  and  though  Argan  is 
present,  the  loven  sing  to  each  other  their 
plsos  under  the  guise  of  an  interlude 
called  "Tiids  and  Philis.*"  Ultimately, 
Aipm  assents  to  the  marriacre  of  ms 
darter  with  Cleante.— Moia^  Le 
Makde  Jfnaginaire  (1673). 

Cleanthe  (2  tyL),  sister  of  Siphax 
of  Paphea.— Beaumont  and  Flety^r,  The 
JM  loser  (1617). 

CUmtJU  (3  syt.),  the  lady  beloved  by 
!(».— TUfourd,  Ion  (1835). 

dean'thee  (3  syi.),  sob  of  Leon'idds 
sad  huiband  of  Hippolita,  noted  for  his 
filial  pie^.  The  duke  of  Epire  made  a 
km  tnat  aU  men  who  had  attained  the 
sge  of  80  should  be  put  to  death  as  use- 
las  incombranoes  of  the  commonwealth. 
Simooidda,  a  young  libertine,  admired  the 
bw,  bat  Cleanthli  looked  on  it  with 
horror,  and  determined  to  save  his  father 
from  its  operation.  Accordingly,  he  gave 
oat  that  nis  father  was  dead,  and  an 
ostentatious  funeral  took  place;  but 
CTeanth^  retired  to  a  wood,  where  he 
conceded  Leonid^  while  he  and  his  wife 
waited  on  him  and  administered  to  his 
wants. — The  (Hd  Law  (a  comedy  of 
FhiHp  Maasinger,  T.  Middleton,  and  W. 
Bowley,  1630). 

Clegg  {Hotdfctft),  a  puritan  mill- 
wii^t.— Sir  W.  Scott,  FcoerU  of  the 
Pe^  (time,  (3iariea  II.). 

Clelah'bothaxil  (JededCah)^  school- 
Master  and  pariah  defv  of  Qanderclench, 


who  employed  his  assistant  teacher  to 
arrange  %aa  edit  the  tales  told  by  the 
landlord  of  the  Wallace  inn  of  tae 
same  parish.  These  tales  the  editor  dis- 
posed m  three  series,  called  by  the  general 
title  of  The  Tales  of  Mu  Landhrd{q.v.), 
rSee  introduction  of  The  Black  Dwarf.) 
Of  course  tiie  real  author  is  sir  Walter 
Scott  (1771-1832). 

Mre,  Dorothea  Geishbdhtan^  wife  of  tiie 
schoolmaster,  a  perfect  Xantipp^  and 
*<  sworn  sister  of  the  Eomenldte.^ 

Clelia  or  Clcelia^  a  Roman  maiden, 
one  of  the  hostages  given  to  Por'sena. 
She  made  her  escape  from  the  Etmscui 
camp  by  swimming  across  the  Tiber. 
Being  sent  back  by  the  Romans,  Porsena 
not  only  set  her  at  liberty  for  her  pliant 
deed,  but  allowed  her  to  take  with  her 
a  part  of  tJie  hostages.  MdUe.  Scud^ri 
has  a  novel  on  the  sul^eet,  entitled 
CMie^  ffistoire  Somame, 


OwMatoM-Mtori 

SktHLodaiaqma [Tmrkithdafm}.  .  .but 
ThcOvkui  AnaaiWa.  .  .ISeeASTSMUiA.] 
CMlA,  CoriMlia .  .  .udth*  BooMUilirawt 
OCAcrippiiM.  «    ..^        . 

Tnayioa.  rs»  i*i  Iiiium,  M. 

Cte'liOj  a  vain,  frivolous  female  butter- 
fly, with  a  smattering  of  everything.  In 
>  outii  she  was  a  coquette ;  and  when  youth 
wafc  passed,  tried  sundry  means  to  earn 
a  Uvmg,  but  without  success. — Crabbe, 
A)roii^A(1810). 

Cl^lie  (2  sylX  the  heroine  of  a  novel 
so  caUed  by  Mdlle.  Scud^rL  (See 
Clklia.) 

Clement,  one  of  the  attendants  of 
sir  Reginal  Front  de  Bcenf  (a  follower  of 
prince  John).— Sir  W.  Scott,  Jvanhoe 
(time,  Richard  I.). 

Gem'ent  {Justice)^  a  man  quite  able 
to  discern  between  fun  and  crime. 
Although  he  had  the  weakness  *'of 
justices  justice,*"  he  had  not  the  weak- 
ness of  ignorant  vulgarity. 

KmtmOt.  Ther  mrhawW  ooounlt  ft  man  for  tekiog  Um 
imO  of  lib  bone. 

W«llbrml.  Ay,  or forwmtec  hb dmik  on  on*  AouMer. 
«rMnrliif  Go4.  AnrtUns.  iMbwl.  if  U  comoi  In  lb«  «v 
at  hb  humour.— B.J01M011.  Jt^*ry  Mam  tm  Bit  Uumour, 
UL  S  WtM). 

Clementi'na  (7^<?  tady)^  an  amiable, 
delicate,  beautiful,  accomplished,  but  un- 
fortunate woman,  deeply  in  love  with  sir 
Charles  Grandison.  sir  Charles  married 
Harriet  Biron.— S.  Richardson,  The  //«- 
tory  of  Sir  Charles  Grandison  (1763). 

TboM  mxnm  nlatlnf  to  tW  hbtorr  of  Ctementln* 
eonulB  |w— sw  «(  OMp  puhoa— JThcv*.  »rU.  Ait. 

ShftkHiMara  bfmatir  hm  taucOr  ilrmwa  •  mar*  nihct- 
lag  or  bammlns  pkOira  o(  hi^-oooled  auforinc  and 


CLEOFAS. 


d«Kltiv8» 


!  Utfbtliic  adamitr  than  the  wadntm  of  OenMntiiiA.— 
OhMutnnii  Mngliak  IlftrtKvr*.  IL  16L 

Cle'ofka  (i^)i  tbe  hero  of  a  norel 
by  Lcsage,  entitled  />  DiabU  Boiteux 
(The  Devil  on  Two  Sticks).  A  fiery 
young  Spaniaid,  proud,  hi^b-spirited, 
and  rerengeful ;  noted  for  gaUantrv,  but 
not  without  ffenerous  sentiments.  Asmo- 
de'us  (4  syiT)  shows  him  what  is  going 
on  in  private  families  by  anioofing  the 
houses  (1707). 

Cleomlirotrur  er  Ambracio'ta  of 
Ambrac'ia  (in  Eplms).  Having  read 
riato^s  book  on  the  soul's  immortality 
and  happiness  in  another  life,  he  was  so 
rHvisbed  with  the  descriotion  that  he 
leaped  into  the  sea  that  ne  might  dia 
and  enjoy  Plato's  elysium. 

B*  who  to  Mijoiir 
Ptato^tb^um  lwp«l  into  tb«tM, 

Cleom'enes  (4  ay/.),  the  hero  and 
atle  of  a  diama  by  D^dea  (1692). 


A«  DnrdM  CBOM  oMt  or  the  tbwlvo  •  young  fop  of 
te^blon  aald  to  him. "  If  I  had  been  loft  alone  with  a 
Tniinii  beauty.  I  wooM  not  have  tpent  my  tfane  like  yoor 
S|«rt«u  hero."  "  ParhaiM  not,"  eaid  the  poet  **  but  yoa 
are  miC  ny  herow'—W.  C  lt>— II.  Mtprmtmtattf  Atton. 

Ctwm'enes  (4  tyL),  •*Tbe  Venus  of 
Clcomends"  is  now  called  "The  Venus 
di  Medici." 


Boch  a  mere 


mML  tamp  vaa  onoe  . . 

La 


the 


Cle'oH;  governor  of  Tarsus,  burnt  to 
death  wM  hit  wife  Dionys'ia  by  the 
enraged  citizens,  to  revenge  the  supposed 
murder  of  Mariana,  daughter  of  Per'icl^ 
princa  of  Tvra.— Shakespeare,  Perklet 
Prtac*  of  Tyie  (1608). 

Cle^oii,  the  personification  of  glory. — 
Spenser,  Fdtry  Qum%, 

Cleop'atra,  c^ucen  of  Egypt,  wife  of 
Ptolemy  Dion3rsius  her  brother.  She 
was  driven  from  her  throne,  but  re-estab- 
litthed  by  Julius  (^lesar,  B.C.  47.  Antony, 
captivated  by  her,  repudiated  his  wife, 
C>ctavia,  to  live  with  the  fascinating 
Egyptian.  After  the  lots  of  the  battle 
of  Actinm,  Cleopatra  killed  herself  by 
an  asp. 

E.  Jodelle  wrote  in  French  a  tragedy 
called  CiSttpdtre  Captive  (1660) ;  J  tan 
Mairct  one  called  Ci^ojmtre  (1630) ; 
Isaac  de  Benserade  (1670),  J.  F.  Mar- 
montel  (1760),  and  Mde.  de  Girardin 
(1847)  wrote  tragedies  in  French  on  the 
same  subject.  S.  I>iniel  (1600)  wrote  a 
tragedy  in  English  called  Qeopatra; 
Shakespeare  one  called  Antcny  and  Cieo- 
jHttra  (1608) ;  and  Diyden  one  on  the 


tame  tnbject.  called  All.  for  Low*  or  The 
WoHd  Weil  lott  (1682). 

*««  Mrs.  OldAeUi  (1688-1730)  and 
Peg  [Margaret]  Woffingtoa  (1718-1760] 
were  unrivalled  in  this  diaracter. 

Cleopatra  and  the  Pearl,  The  tale  it 
that  Oleopatra  made  a  sumptuoos  oan- 
Quct,  which  exeited  the  surfmse  of 
Antony ;  whereupon  tbe  qneen  took  a 
pearl  ear-drop,  disserved  it  in  a  strong 
acid,  and  drank  the  liqnor  to  the  healta 
of  the  triumvir,  taying,  "My  dimu^t 
to  Antony  diall  exc^l  in  'value  the 
whole  banquet." 

*«*  When  queen  Elizabeth  visited  the 

Exchange,  sir  Tliomas  Gresham  pledged 

her  health  in  a  cup  of  wine  containing  a 

preciotts  stone  craved   to   atomt)  and 

worth  £15,000. 

■ere  41t.0M  at  OM  ok*  ■Dae 

Inateadef  augar;  GrertiamdilnkattMMBil 

Vhtohb  queen  and  mMrem.    PMielt:  loweitt 


Cleopatra  m  Hades,  Cleopatra^  savt 
Rabelais,  it  "  a  crier  of  onions  **  m  ue 
shades  below.  The  Latin  fbr  a  pearl 
and  onion  is  tmib,  and  the  pun  refers  to 
Cleopatra  giving  her  vearl  (or  onion)  to 
Antony  in  a  draught  or  wine,  or,  as  tome 
say,  drinking  it  herself  in  toasting  her 
lover. — Rabelais,  Paniagruel^  ii.  80 
(1588). 

Cleopafra^aoittm  of  S^ri%  daughter 
of  Ptotomy  PnilOBe'ter  king  of  Egypt. 
She  first  married  Akexander  Rala,  toe 
usurper  (B.a  149);  next  Deme'triut 
Nica  nor.  Demetrius,  being  taken  prir- 
soner  by  the  Parthians,  married  Rodo- 
gune  (8  »y/.),  daughter  of  Phraa'tes  (3 
syL)  tne  Parthian  king,  and  Cleopatra 
married  Antiochus  Side'tes,  brother  of 
Demetrius.  She  slew  her  son  Seleucua 
(by  Demetrius)  for  trmson,  and  as  this 
produced  a  revolt,  abdicated  in  favour 
ot  her  second  son,  Anti'ochus  VIII..  who 
compelled  her  to  drink  ooison  which  she 
had  prepared  for  himself.  P.  Comeille 
has  made  this  the  subject  of  his  tragedy 
called  Rodomaie  (1646). 

*«*  This  is  not  the  Cleopatra  of  Shake- 
speare*! and  Dryden's  tragedies. 

Clere'mont  (2  »»/.),  a  merry  gentl»- 
man,  the  friend  of  Uinanf . — Beaumont 
and  Fletcher,  The  Little  French  Lawyer 
(1647). 

Cler'imond,  niece  of  the  Green 
Knight,  sister  of  Fer'ragus  the  giant, 
and  bride  of  Valentine  the  brave. —  Valen- 
tine and  Or  eon* 

Clerlui  (^  Nickolat'tyy  thiertt,  alao 


CUSSAMMCm. 


197 


CUKKER. 


"St.  KichoU«*B  CKsnnrm«i,"  in 

aUanon  to  the  tndidon  of  **  St.  NicfaoUs 
•ad  the  thieve*.^  Probablv  a  play  oa 
the  words  JSidtr<iUu  and  Old  Ntok  may 
be  dftrignfd. — See  Shakespeare,  1  Henry 
jr.^ctiLsc.  1(1597). 

CSess'acmilior.  aoo  of  Thadda  and 
broHwr  of  Morna  (FingiU*8  mother).  He 
nanied  Hoina,  daughter  of  BeaUia'mir 
(the  prixicipal  man  of  Baloln&a,  on  the 
Clyde).  It  so  ha|^>ened  that  Moina  was 
b^oved  by  a  Briton  named  Renda,  who 
came  with  an  army  to  carry  her  o£P. 
Keoda  was  slain  by  Clessammor;  but 
Clessammor,  being  dosely  pressed  by 
Uie  Britons,  fled,  and  never  again  saw 
his  bride.  In  due  tiuie  a  son  was 
bom,  called  Carthon ;  but  the  mother 
died.  Wlule  Carthon  was  still  an  infant, 
FingaTs  father  attacked  fialdntha,  aod 
■lew  Rfwthama  (Outhon's  giandfather), 
"W^ea  the  boy  grew  to  manhood,  he 
determined  en  vengeance^  aeoordingly 
he  invaded  Morven,  the  kingdom  of 
¥mgal,  where  Clessammor,  not  Knowing 
-who  he  was,  engaged  him  in  single 
combat,  and  slew  him.  When  he  cus- 
covered  that  it  was  his  son,  three  days  he 
mourned  for  him,  and  on  the  fourth  he 
died. — Ossian,  CartJum, 

ClBVe^lBaLd  {Barbara  ViUkrSf  duches$ 
of)j  one  of  the  mistresses  of  CharloB  11., 
introdoeed  by  sir  W.  Seott  in  Feoeril  of 
ikeFeak, 

deo^Umd  (Captaim  Chmeni),  aUas 
ITAroHAJi  [  Fairnl,  "  the  piratOj  son  of 
'Noma  of  the  Fitful  Head.  He  is  in  love 
with  Minna  Troil  (daughter  of  Magnus 
Trml,  the  ndaller  of  ZetUind).-~-Sir  W. 
Scott,  The  Pirate  (time,  William  III.). 

dBVBtp  tibe  man-servant  of  Hero 
-Sutton  "'  the  citjr  maiden."  When  Hero 
assumed  the  guise  of  a  Quaker,  Clever 
called  himself  Obadiah,  and  pretended  to 
be  a  r^;id  quaker  also.  His  constant 
exclamation  was  "Umph!** — 8.  Knowles, 
Womam's  WU,  etc.  (1888). 

Clifford  (Sir  Thomat),  betrothed  to 
Julia  (dan^ter  of  Master  Walter  **  the 
hundiback  j.  He  is  wise,  honest,  truth- 
ful, and  well-fsvoured,  kind,  valianL  and 
pradent. — S.  Knowles,  The  Hunchback 
(18»1). 

af<M^  {MrX  the  heir  of  sir  WiUiam 
CharfioB  in  ri^^  of  his  mother,  and  in 
love  with  lady  Emily  Gayville.  The 
scrivener  Alataip  had  fraudulently  got 
possession  of  the  deeds  of  the  Qunrlton 
ertstcs,   which    be    had    given  to   his 


daughter  oalled  *'  the  heiress,**  and  whi^ 
amounted  to  £2000  a  year ;  but  Kightly| 
the  lawyer,  discovered  the  fraud,  and 
"the  heiress*'  was  compelled  to  relin*- 

auish  this  part  of  her  fortune.  ClifFofd 
len  proposed  to  lady  Emily,  and  was 
accepted. — General  Buigoyne,'  Tkt  Heiresh 
(1781). 

Clifford  (Paul),  a  highwayman,  re- 
formed by  the  power  of  love. — Lord 
Lytton,  Paul  Clifford  (1830)« 

Clifford    (Rosamond),    usually    called 

"The    Fair   RosamoniL**   the   fkvourite 

mistress   of    Henry    II. ;    daughter   of 

Walter  lord  CUfford.    She  is  introduced 

by  sir  W.  Scott  in  two  novels.  The  Tali9-' 

man  and  Woodstock,    Dryden  says : 

y«M  CUfford  «u  kar  umim.  m  beoktafar. 

**  Mr  Bonmond'*  «m  tmt  bar  nam  de  gutm. 

fuatoMmnyft. 


Clifford  (Henry  lord),  a  general  in  the 
English  army.— ^ir  W.  Scott,  Castle 
Dangerom  (time,  Henry  I.). 

CUfEbrd  Street  (London),  so  named 
from  Elizabeth  Clifford,  daughter  of  the 
last  earl  of  Cumberland, .  who  married 
Kichard  Boyle,  earl  of  Burlington.  (See 
Savilb  Row.) 

Clifton  (Harry)^  lieutenant  *^i  H.M. 
ship  Tiger.  A  danng,  dashing,  care-for- 
nobody  young  English  sailor,  delighting 
in  adventure,  and  loving  a  good  scrtyie. 
Ho  and  his  companion  Mat  Mizen  take 
the  side  of  El  Hyder,  and  help  to  re- 
establish the  Chereddin,  prince  of  Delhi, 
who  had  been  dethroned  by  Hamet  Ab- 
dulerim. — Barrymore,  El  nyder^  Chief  of 
the  Ghaut  Mountains, 

ClimoftheOlougfa.   (SeeCi^vM.) 

Clink  CJem),  the  tumk^  at  New- 
gate.—Sir  W.  Scott.  Peveril  of  the  Peak 
(time,  CSiarles  11.). 

Clinker  (Humphry),  a  poor  work- 
house lad,  put  out  by  the  parish  as 
apprentice  to  a  blacksmith,  and  after- 
wards employed  as  an  08tler*s  assistant 
and  extra  postilion.  Being  dismissed 
from  the  stables,  he  enters  the  service 
of  Mr.  Bramble,  a  fretful,  grumpy,  but 
kind-hearted  and  eenerous  old  gentle- 
man, greatly  troub^  with  goat.  Here 
he  falls  in  lov^  with  Winifred  Jenkins, 
Miss  Tabitha  Gamble's  maid,  and  turns 
out  to  be  a  natural  son  of  Mr.  Bramble.— 
T.  Smollett,  The  £med*tion  of  Humphry 
ainker  (1771). 

(Probably  this  novel  suggested  to  C. 
Dickens  his  Adoenturet  ^f  Otioer  ISeisL} 


Olio,   *n     MUgnm    of    G^beliea], 

I.[ond0D),  irilinjfUinh  0[ffice],  the 
pucei  bom  vhich  Additoa  deapntched 
hit  papcn  for  the  ^mOaler    Tha  pupcii 


OUp'piu 
gmplayed  b 


iwyer 

11 Sir  W.  Scott,  Wilerlet, 

(tim.,  George  II.). 

Ctlquot  [£I«'.ibi],aniehiuime  riveii 
by  PuncA  to  Frederick  William  IV.  of 
Pniuik,  from  bis  lore  of  chainn>KTw 
of  tlie  "Cliquot  bmid"  (I7»S,  1»4U- 
1641). 

CUttmdr^  >  iTealtli]-  bounreoia,  in 
lore  wit)i  H«iiieM«,  "  Che  Chorau^ 
woman,"  hj  whom  he  ia  bfloTed  wtth 
fervent  affection.  Her  elder  sister  Ar- 
mande  (2  lyl.)  also  loiea  him,  but  her 
love  ii  of  ihe  Platonic  hua,  and  Clitaudre 
prefen  to  a  wife  the  warmth  of  wainan's 

— Molilire,  la  Ftemei  Savantta  (1872). 

Cloaoi'nK,  Uia  pruSdinf;  penoniHca- 
tion  ot  city  (twera.    (Latin,  eloaaa,  "■ 


Clod'd-p 
lant  ot  A 

Cuddy  u 


■  daela.  llii  muff-box  h« 
of  than  hi*  Udy-love,  he 
apwch  with    t'reaeh,  and 


CIori<U'no,a  bi; 

who  joined  Medo'ro 
ot  king  DardiDelio 


Jvira  o(  liaboo.-C.  C 

Loot  Maka  a  Man  (1694). 

Clo'e,  in  lore  with  the  ibei^erd 
Thcnnt,  bnt  Thenot  rtjecte  her  suit  out  of 

for  her  dead  lover.  8he  ii  wanton, 
eoarae,  and  immodeat,  the  very  reveiva  of 
Clorinda,  wba  ia  a  virtuoua,  chute,  ud 
faithful  ahepberdcag.  ("Thenot,"  the 
final  t  is  Bounded.)-^ohD  Fletcber,  Th* 
Fmlh[idSlitpl,erdeti[,l<J\.li).  (SeeCuLOU.) 
Clo'rik,  Bister  to  Fabrit'io  Oie  merry 
soldier,  and  the  apri^dy  companioa  of 
Fnocea  (lieter  to  Frederick].— Beaumont 
and  Fletcber,  Tht  Oiptain  (IG13). 

lie  Hooriab  yoatl^ 
aeeking  the  body 

MiDg  woanded,  uionoaoo  ruhed  medlj 
into  tbo  naks  of  the  enemy  and  wiu 
alaia.— Arioato,  (Maado  Furlomt  (IfilS). 

Cloiia'dA,  daughter  of  Sana'pua  of 
Kthiupia  {aChriatinnl.  Iking  bom  white, 
her  mother  changed  her  for  a  black  ehiiil. 
The  eunuch  Arse'tfA  (S  lyl.)  waacntnitled 
with  the  infant  Clorinda,  and  aa  he  was 
S"ing  through  a  foteat,  «aw  a  tiger, 
dropped  the  child,  and  songht  safety  in 
a  tree.  The  tiger  took  the  baba  and 
auckled  it,  after  whidi  the  eonncb  carried 
the  diild  to  Kgypt.  In  the  aiege  ot  Jem- 
aaiem  by  liic  cruaadera,  Clorinda  wat  a 
leader  of  tbe  pagaii  furcea.  Taacrsd  fall 
In  love  with  her,  but  >lev  her  unknow- 
ingly in  •  night  attack .  Ketore  she  ex- 
pired ahe  received  Cbriidao  baptiim  at 
the  handa  of  Tancred,  who  graatly 
moBraed  ber  death.— Taaao,  JtnuaUn 
Delhered,  xii.  (107*). 

(Thertory  of  Clonndaie  borrowed  trom 
the  Tliea/anes  and  C/iaricWa  of  HeU»- 
dorus  liiiiop  of  Trikka.) 

Clorimda,  "the  faithful  ■hepherdeaa," 
called  "'llie  Virgin  of  the  Gruve,"  faith- 
ful to  her  buriedlore.  From  Ihia  beauti- 
ful character,  Milton  baa  disWD  bis 
"lady"  in  Cbmiu,  Compare  the  wordj 
of  the  "FiraC  brother"  about  chaatity, 
in  Milton'a  Comoi,  with  theae  line*  id 
Clorinda  i 


CLORIS. 


199 


CLUTHA. 


hi 

Bt 


flf  VbgiDtlMrt 
.  .  Tben 
gaanL 


(1610). 

Cloris,  the  damsel  beloved  by  prince 
Prett^-maB. — Duke  of  Buckingham,  Tfte 
Behearml  (1671). 

Clotaire  (2  ^/.)-  The  king  of  Fntoce 
exdaimed  on  his  death-bed,  **0h  how 
great  must  be  the  King  of  Heaven,  if  He 
can  kill  so  mi^ty  a  monarch  as  I  am !  ** 
— Gregory  of  Tbicri,  iv.  21. 

Cloten  or  Cloton,  king  of  Com- 
wmli,  one  of  the  five  kin^  of  Britain 
sfter  the  extinction  of  the  line  of  Brute 
(1  ^.)<-<>eofEzey,  BriUsh  History,  ii.  17 
(Uti). 

Cb/teHj  a  TindicUve  lout,  son  of  the 
seccod  irife  of  Cymbeline  by  a  former 
bosbaad.  He  ia  noted  for  '*  his  unmean- 
ing frown,  his  shniHin|^  ^t,  bis  burst 
ef  voieei  hia  bostlinff  insignificance,  his 
ferer-aBd-agne  fita  of  valour,  his  frovrard 
trtfhiness,  hit  on^iacipled  malice,  and 
•ecMiOMd  gleams  of  good  sense.'*  Qoten 
is  the  rejected  lover  of  Imogen  (the 
dat^tn'  of  his  father-in-law  by  his  iirst 
wife),  and  is  slain  in  a  duel  by  (juiderius. 
CiftnMme  {IGOb), 


Clotha'rius  or  Cloth airk,  leader  of 
fte  Fruiks  after  the  death  of  Hugo.  He 
ti  diet  with  an  arrow  by  Clorinda. — 
TasBo,  Jerusalem  Delwered,  zi.  (1675). 

Cloud.  A  daric  spot  on  the  forehead 
of  a  horse  between  the  eyes  is  so  called. 
It  ^ves  the  creature  a  sour  look  indicative 
•f  lU-temper,  and  is  therefore  regarded  as 
a  blemish. 


■•  r  JmmivJ  haa  ft  cloa<  in  hit  Umbl 
Bb  ««•  tb«  vorw  for    ' 


b«* 


dmrpatrm,  act  tU.  K.  S  (IMS). 


CWf  (^),  patron  saint  of  nail-smiths. 
A  play  on  the  French  word  ciou  ('*a 
■sif"). 

doude^ley  (WtUtam  of),  a  fiunous 
Korth-coontry  anmer,  the  companion  of 
Adam  Bell  and  Clym  of  the  Clou^h. 
Their  feats  of  robberv  were  chiefly  earned 
'  OB  in  Englewood  forest,  near  Carlisle. 
William  was  taken  prisoner  at  Carlisle, 
and  was  about  to  be  hanged,  but  was 
nacoed  by  his  two  companions.  The 
tluee  then  went  to  London  to  ask  pardon 
of  the  king,  which  at  the  queen's  inter- 
cession was  grsnted.  The  King  begged 
to  lee  specimens  of  their  skill  in  archery, 
and  was  so  delighted  therewith,  that  he 
Bade  William  a  **  gentleman  of  fe,"  and 
te  other  two  "  yemen  of  his  chambre." 


The  feat  of  William  was  very  simlbr  v> 
that  of  William  Tell  (17.0.).  Tercy, 
Heiiques,  I.  ii.  1. 

Clout  (Colin) ^  a  shepherd  loved  by 
Marian  *'tiie  parson's  maid,"  but  foi 
whom  Colin  (who  loved  Cicely)  felt  na 
affection.     (See  Coi.ix  Cix>ut.) 

Young  OoUn  Ckmt.  s  lad  of  |i«ari««  maai. 
Foil  wall  coaM  daaca,  and  deftly  tunc  Um  read; 
Id  evtrj  wood  bU  carob  «weei  wert  knuirD. 
▲t  avci7  wake  Ida  nimbla  feats  were  tliown. 

Gay.  raUmrtO,  U.  (1714). 

CUmt  (LoU)in)f  a  sbeDherd,  in  love  with 
Blouzelinda.  He  challenged  Cuddy  to  a 
contest  of  song  in  praiije  of  their  respec- 
tive sweethearts,  and  Cloddipole  was 
appointed  umpire.  Cloddipole  was  unable 
to  award  the  prize,  for  eadi  merited  **  an 
oaken  staff  for  his  pains."  '*  Have  done, 
however,  for  the  nerds  are  weary  of  the 
songs,  and  so  am  I." — Gay,  Pastoral,  i. 

(An  imitation  of  Virgil's  Ed,  iii.) 

Club-Bearer  {The],  Periphe'tfis,  the 
robber  of  Ar'golis,  wno  murdered  his 
victims  with  an  iron  club. — Greek  FaUe, 

Clumsey  {air  Tunbelly),  father  of 
Miss  Hoydben.  A  mean,  ill-mannered 
squire  and  justice  of  the  ^eace,  livinj^ 
near  Scarborough.  Most  cringing  to  the 
aristocracy,  whom  he  toadies  and  courts. 
Sir  Tunbelly  promised  to  give  his 
dai'ghter  in  marnage  to  lord  Foppington, 
but  Tom  ITashion,  his  lordship's  younger 
brother,  pretends  to  be  lord  Foppington, 
^ns  admission  to  the  family,  and  marries 
her.  When  the  real  lord  Foppington 
arrives,  he  is  treated  as  an  impostor,  but 
Tom  confesses  t^e  ruse.  His  lordship 
treats  the  knight  with  such  ineffable  con- 
tempt, that  sir  Tunbelly 's  temper  is 
aroused,  and  Tom  is  received  into  high 
favour. — Sheridan,  A  Triv  to  SGorborouyh 
(1777). 

*^*  This  character  appears  in  Yan- 
brujgh's  Relapse,  of  which  comedy  the 
Trip  to  Scarborough  is  an  abridgment 
and  adaptation. 

Qumsey,  the  name  of  Belgrade's  dog. 

Clu'ricaune  (3  syL),  an  Irish  elf  of 
evil  disposition,  especially  noted  for  his 
knowlec^e  of  hid  treasure.  He  generally 
assumes  the  appearance  of  a  wrinkled  old 
man. 

Clu'tha,  the  Qyde. 

I  came  In  nqr  bounding  ihlp  to  BaldaUia'i  walls  el 
towacs.  Tlifl  winds  had  raand  behind  ni>-  aails.  aifl 
Ofatha's  sttaam  racairad  nj  dark-beaoinad  shlin— OMiaa, 


CLUTTERBUCK. 


200 


OOATEU 


Clutterbuck  (Captain)^  the  hypo- 
tiietical  editor  of  some  of  sir  Wnlter 
Scott's  novels,  as  The  Monastery  and 
The  Fortunes  of  Nigel.  CapUin  Clutter- 
buck  is  a  retired  officer,  who  employs 
himself  in  antiquarian  researches  and 
literary  idleness.  The  Abbot  is  dedicated 
bjr  the  "author  of  Waveriey"  to  "cnp- 
tain  Clutterbuck,"  late  of  his  majesty's 
—  infantry  r^ment. 

Clym  of  the  Clough  ("  aemcnt 
of  the  Ciiff*')^  a  noted  ouuaw,  associated 
with  Adam  Bell  and  William  of  Cloudes- 
ley,  in  Rn^lewood  Forest,  near  Carlisle. 
When  William  was  taken  prisoner  at 
Carlisle,  and  was  about  to  be  hanged, 
Adam  and  Clym  shot  the  magistrates, 
and  rescued  their  companion.  The 
mayor  with  his  posse  went  out  against 
them,  but  they  snot  the  mayor,  as  they  i 
had  done  the  sheriff,  and  fought  their 
way  out  of  the  town.  They  then  hastened 
to  London  to  beg  pardon  of  the  king, 
which  was  grant^  them  at  the  queen's 
intercession.  The  king,  wishing  to  see  a 
specimen  of  their  shooting,  was  so  de> 
hghtad  at  their  skill  that  he  made  Wil- 
liam  a  "  gentleman  of  fe,"  and  the  other 
two  "yemen  of  his  chambre." — Percy, 
JteUques  (''Adam  Bell,**  etc.,  I.  n.  1). 

Clytio,  a  water-n-yonph,  in  love  with 
Apollo.  Meeting  with  no  return,  she  was 
chan^^f^  into  a  sunflower,  or  rather  a 
tourttjsol,  which  still  turns  to  the  sun, 
following  him  through  his  daily  course. 

The  sunflower  does  not  turn  to  the  sun. 
On  the  same  stem  may  be  seen  flowers  in 
every  direction,  and  not  one  of  them 
•hifts  the  direction  in  which  it  has  first 
opened.    T.  Moore  (1814)  says  : 

The  auoSowvr  turna  on  bcr  sei,«hen  be  wts, 
TtaeMme  look  which  afaetani«^  when  be  nm. 

This  may  do  in  poetry,  but  it  is  not 
correct.  The  sunflower  is  so  called 
■imply  because  the  flower  resembles  a 
picture  sun. 

Lord  lliurlow  (1821)  adopted  Tom 
Moore's  error,  and  enlarged  it: 

Behold,  mr  deer,  this  lufty  llnw«r 
That  i!Oir  die  ci'IiWn  ntn  ncelreet 

Mo  oUier  deity  Umt  power. 
But  only  PluelMxt.  en  her  le>w; 

At  be  in  mdhuit  ifloiy  bums. 

Vrom  eMt  u>  w«rt  her  vfanse  turm. 

Tht  Sm^lmtm: 

ClytUS,  an  old  officer  in  the  army  of 
Philip  of  Macedon,  and  subsequently  in 
tluit  of  Alexander.  At  a  banouet,  when 
both  were  heated  with  wine,  Clytus  said 
to  Alexander,  **  Pliilip  fought  men,  but 
Alexander  women,"  and  after  some  other 
insults,  Alexander  in  his  rage  stabbed 


the  old  soldier;  but  instantly 
and  said: 

What  haa  mjr  vcmgeuitt  dnoet 
Wbobttthoehaatalalot    Clytml    Vim  WtM 
The  Calthfulle^  rahleet.  woitfalcat  eounadkir. 
The  bmvest  aoldler.    He  who  saved  my  lUb. 
PIghtliic  iMire-heiidcd  at  the  river  Oimiiic 
ror  a  nail  wofd.  ipoke  In  the  heM  of  wine. 
The  poor,  the  honeat  CI)  tw  tboa  hMt  riafat.— 
G|)rtii^  thy  friend,  thy  Ruavdian.  thy  pruwrver  I 

X.  Lea,  AlMJUMdtr  tJu  Ormt.  tr.  i  (1C8V 

Cne'UB,  the  Roman  ofllicer  in  com* 
mand  of  the  guard  set  to  watch  the  tomb 
of  Jesus,  lest  the  disciples  should  steal 
the  body,  and  then  declare  that  it  had 
risen  from  the  dead. — Klopstock,  The 
Messiah,  xiii.  (1771). 

Coaches,  says  Stow,  in  his  Chronicle^ 
were  introduced  by  Fitx-Allen,  eail  of 
Arundel,  in  1580. 

Bafon  lk*«iitly  eoadi  and  ailkcD  al0^  onw  la. 

OiVtoo.  PUfotbUm,  art  asiS). 

Coals.  To  carry  ooatSf  to  put  up  with 
affronts.  The  boy  says  in  Hemry  F, 
(act  iii.  BO.  2),  **  I  knew ..  .  .  the  nraa 
would  carry  coals.'*  So  in  Someo  cmd 
Juliet  (act  i.  sc.  1),  "Gregory,  o'  my 
word,  we'll  not  cany  coals.**  Ben  Joo* 
son,  in  Every  Man  out  of  His  Humour^ 
says  *  **  Here  comes  one  that  will  carry 
coals,  on/0,  will  hold  my  dog.** 

The  time  hath  been  when  I  would  'a  aoomad  to  oanir 
oo«l«.— S..  TrtnMta  ^f  QueeiM  Jnootecfe  OSSSfU 

{To  carry  corny  is  to  bear  wealth, 
to  be  rich.  He  does  not  carry  com  well^ 
**  He  does  not  deport  himself  well  in  hia 
prosperity.**) 

Co'an  (  The),  Hippocrates,  the  *'  Esther 
of  Medicine*'  (h.c.  4iJO-'6d7). 

.  .  .  tbe  BNat  Coan.  hlni  wlwai  Natate  mada 
X»  aarra  the  aoiUlart  creaiuf  e  uf  her  tribe  [mmm], 
DMitA.  ywyotorir,  uU.  (1309. 

Co'anooot'zin  (5  syl.),  king  of  the 
Az'tecas.  Slain  in  baUle  by  Madoc. — 
Southey,  Madoc  (1805). 

Co'atel.  daughter  of  Aculliua.  a  priest 
of  the  Az'tecas,  and  wife  of  Lincoya. 
Lincoya,  being  doomed  for  sacrifice, 
fled  for  refuge  to  Madoc,  the  Welsh 
nrince,  who  luul  recently  landed  on  the 
North  American  coast,  and  was  kindly 
entreated  by  him.  This  gave  Coatel 
a  sympathetic  interest  in  the  Wliite 
strangers,  and  she  was  not  backward  in 
showing  it.  Thus,  when  young  Hoel 
was  kianapi>ed,  and  confined  in  a  cavern 
to  starve  to  death,  Coat«l  visited  him  and 
took  him  food.  Again,  when  princ« 
Mudoc  was  entrapped,  she  contrived  to 
release  hiui,  und  attsisted  the  prince  to 
carry  off  young  Hoel.    After  the  defeat 


OOBB. 


201 


COCKLE. 


•f  the  Ax'teoB  bj  the  White  ■tnngcn, 
the  chief  prMSt  declared  that  some  one 
had  proved  a  traitor,  and  resolved  to  die- 
cover  who  it  was  by  handing  roond  a  eup, 
which  he  said  woold  be  harmless  to  the 
iuoceat,  bot  death  to  the  gailty.  When 
it  was  handed  to  Coatel,  she  was  so 
frij^tened  that  she  dropped  down  dead. 
Her  father  stabbed  himself^  and  <*feU 
npon  his  diild,**  and  when  Lincoya  heard 
thereof,  he  flmifc  himself  down  from  a  steep 
precipice  on  to  the  rocks  below. — Southey, 
Madoe  (18U&). 

Cobb  {Epkraun)y  in  Cromwell^  troop. 
-^T  W.  Scett,  WmMbtoek  (time,  Com- 
mon  wealth). 

Cobbler-FOCIt  (7%^,  Haas  Sw:hs 
ef  'Nuremberg.  /See  Twelvb  Wisb 
MAvrsKS.) 

Cobbam  (Eleanor)^  wife  of  Hom- 
V^rey  duke  of  Gloucester,  and  aunt  of 
Ling  Heni^  YI.,  compelled  to  do  penance 
lare-foot  m  a  d^eet  in  London,  and  after 
that  to  lire  in  the  Isle  of  Man  in  banish- 
■ent,  for  **  soreery.**  fn  2  l/enry  VI., 
Shakespeare  makes  qwecn  Margarrt  "  boK 
her  can,**  bat  this  could  not  be,  m 
Eleaaor  was  banidied  three  yean  bc^on 
Hargaret  came  to  England. 


,  S—BilMJofyunrhoiwar  .  .  . 
days  open  penanoe  douc^ 
ay  hm  In  MnWinaml. 
iBlteMaWMaa. 


(The  Land of)j  m  poem  tuU 
of  life  and  animation,  by  Hans  Sachs, 
the  cobbler,  called  **  The  prince  of  meis- 
ter-stngers**  (i494-.lN4).—SeeCockaiffHe, 

OoekandPie.  Douoe  explains  thus: 

b  thi  4ag*  «r«hhn*7  h  «M  Um  pracMM  to  nakc 
«  fv  the  ffon— iM  of  amy  coiuUmmkU 
Tbk  «M  iwlly  dotto  at  aoine  feadral,  wtiaa 
L.balii|i  arrcd  np  tai  a  dlih  «r  «oU  or 
sod  to  Um  kalslit.  who  tfaan  imidB  hii 


Cock  of  Westminster  (7^). 
CbsteU,  a  shoemaker,  was  so  called  from 
ktt  very  early  hours.  He  was  one  of  the 
benefsctors  of  Christ's  Hospital  (London). 


The  JUack  Cockade.  Badge  of  the 
house  ot  Hanover,  worn  at  first  only  by 
tile  serrants  of  the  royal  household,  the 
diplomatic  corps,  the  army,  and  navy; 
biU  now  worn  by  the  servants  of  justices, 
deputy -tfeateiMnits,  and  officers  both  of 
the  militia  and  volunteers. 

The  White  Cockade,  (1)  Badge  of  the 
taMta,  and  hence  of  the  Jacobites.  (2) 
llMigeof  ^be  Boorbona,  and  hence  of  die 
iiyalisftsof  Francei 


The  White  amd  Green  Cockade.  Badge 
worn  by  the  French  in  the  **  Seven  Yean* 
War"  (1766). 

The  Jfhie  and  Red  Cockade.  Badge  of 
the  oit^-  of  Paris  from  1789. 

Tite  TricoliAtr  was  the  union  of  the 
white  Bourhon  and  blue  and  red  of  the 
city  of  Paris.  It  was  adopted  br 
Louis  XVI.  at  the  Hotel  de  Ville, 
July  17,  1789,  and  has  ever  since  been 
recognized  as  the  national  symbol,  ex- 
cept during  the  brief  **  restoration,*^  when 
the  Ik>urbon  white  was  for  the  time 
restored. 

Royal  Cockades  are  large  and  circular, 
half  the  disc  jjrojects  above  the  top  of 
the  hat. 

Nacal  Cockades  have  no  fan-shaped 
appendage,  and  do  not  project  above  the 
top  of  the  hat. 

(All  other  cockades  worn  for  liveiy 
are  fan-ehaped.^) 

Ck)Qkadgn.e' (The Zand  qf),  an  imagi- 
nary land  of  pleasure,  wealUi,  luxury, 
and  idleness.  London  is  so  callra. 
Boileau  applies  fiie  word  to  Paris.  The 
Land  of  Cokayne  is  the  subject  of  a  bui^ 
lesque,  which,  Warton  says,  **  was  evi- 
dently written  soon  after  the  Conquest,  at 
least  before  the  reign  of  Henry  11.*** 
— History  of  English  Poetry,  i.  12. 

Tbo  bouMi  W0t«  mad*  of  baitef  •aofar  and  aSkac,  tk» 
atruoto  won  paved  «Mi  paiUj.  aad  Mw  ahoiM  wppHad 
goodf  vltboat  requiriair  vummf  la  nywl.  Tk«  Lmmd 
((a^oM-Pawck  iMOTa.  tUrtaaiiUi  conlniT). 


(This  eatirieal  poem  is  pvioled  at 
loigth  by  Ellis,  in  his  Specimeme  of  EarUi 
English  Poets,  L  8J^9o.) 

Ckxiker  (Edward)  published  a  useful 
treatise  on  arithmetic  in  the  reign  of 
Charles  II.,  which  had  a  prodigious  suc- 
cess, and  has  given  rise  to  the  proverb, 
"According  to  Cocker  '  (l«a2-1676).  ^ 

Cockle  (Sir  John),  the  miller  of 
Mansfield,  and  keeper  of  Sherwood 
Forest.  Hearing  a  giin  fired  one  night, 
he  went  into  the  forest,  expecting  to  find 
poachers,  and  seized  the  king  (Henry 
Vlll.),  who  had  been  hunting  and  bad  get 
separated  from  his  courtiers.  When  tiie 
miller  discovered  that  his  captive  was  not 
a  poacher,  he  oflrered  him  a  night's  lodging. 
Next  day  the  courtiers  were  brou|^t  to 
Cockle's  house  by  under-keepers,  to  be 
examined  as  poachers,  and  it  was  thea 
discovered  that  the  miller's  guest  was 
the  king.  The  "  merry  monarch  ^ 
knighted  the  miller,  and  settled  on  hjai 
1000  marks  a  year.— K.  Dodslev,  The 
Kitg  and  the  Miller  of  Mansfield  {i'SI). 


COCKLE  OF  REBELLION. 


203 


COLB. 


Cockle  of  Bebellion  (The),  that 
fe  the  weed  called  the  cockle,  not  the 
enutacean. 

W«  nonrteh  Ipteal  oar  mqaI* 
Hm  cockle  of  rebrlUon. 

BkuJtmpmn.  CorUUmmt.  set  UL  K.  1  (19m, 

Cockney  (Nicholas) ,  a  rich  city 
grocer,  broUier  of  Barnacle.  PriBcilla 
Tombo}r,  of  the  West  Indies,  is  placed 
under  his  charge  for  her  education. 

Waiter  Cockney  ^  son  of  the  grocer,  in 
the  shop.  A  conceited  young  prig,  not 
yet  out  of  the  quarrelsome  age.  He 
makes  boy-love  to  Priscilla  Tomooy  and 
Miss  U  Blond;  but  says  he  wiU  "tell 
paM  **  if  thev  cross  him. 

Penelope  dockney,  sister  of  Walter. — 
The  Iwmp  (altered  from  Bickerstalfi 
Lore  in  the  City)* 

Cockpit  of  ShiTOi>e.  Belgium  is  so 
called  because  it  has  been  the  site  of  more 
European  battles  than  any  others  e,g, 
Oudenarde,  Ramillies,  Fontenoy,  Fleu- 
rus,  Jemmapes,  Ligny,  Quatre  Bras, 
Waterloo,  etc. 

Cocj*txXBf  one  of  the  five  rivers  of 
hell.  The  word  means  the  **  river  of 
weeping/'  (Greek,  kokuo,  *<1  Ument'*),  be 
cause  **into  this  river  fall  the  tears  of  the 
wicked.**  The  other  four  rivers  are  Styx, 
Ach'eron,  Phleg'ethon,  and  Le'th^.  (See 
Styx.) 

UmtA  on  Um  riMAd  .mtmm. 

MilUMi.  iNvwtfte  AmC  tt.  S7t  (USQ. 

Ccalebe*  Wife,  a  bachelor's  ideal  of 
a  model  wife.  Couebs  is  the  hero  of  a 
novel  by  Mrs.  Hannah  More,  entitled 
CoBlcbB  in  Search  of  a  Wife  (1809). 

In  dMrt  A*  WM  %  wniklnii  caknbaton. 

3110  Bdseworth'i  Uiir«A  Moppiiig  from  thoir  wrttK 
Or  Un.  Tr  nunei'i  book*  on  wlncatlon. 

Or  "Qaiclri'  wU*" aat  out  in  oucst  ol  Vmn. 

B>Ton.  Am  Jtmn,  L  If  (ISIS). 

Coffin  (Long  Tom),  the  best  sailor 
character  ever  drawn.  He  is  introduced 
in  The  Pilot,  a  novel  by  J.  Fenimore 
C-ooper,  of  New  York,  (hooper's  novel 
has  been  dramatized  by  £.  Fitzball, 
under  the  same  name,  and  Long  Tom 
(.'oilin  preserves  in  the  burletta  his  reck- 
less daring,  his  unswerving  fidelity,  his 
simple-minded  affection,  and  his  love  for 
the  sea. 

Cogia  Houseain,  the  captain  of 
forty  thieves,  outwitted  by  Mor^iana,  the 
slave.  When,  in  the  guise  of  a  mer* 
chant,  he  was  entertained  by  Ali  Baba, 
and  refused  to  eat  any  salt,  the  suspicions 
cf  Morgiapa  were  aroused,  and  she  soon 
detected  him  to  be  the  captain  of  the  forty 
fchitVM*    After  supper  she  amused  her 


master  and  his  guest  with  dancing;  Uma 
playing  with  Cogia's  dag^r  for  a  time, 
she  plunged  it  suddenly  into  his  heart 
and  killed  }am,— Arabian  Nights  ('*Ali 
Baba  or  the  Forty  Thieves  **). 

Colla  (2  syL),  Kyle,  in  Ayrshire.  So 
called  from  CoiJus,  a  Pictish  monarch. 
Sometimes    all  Scotland   is   so   called. 


ruvwdl.  oU  OoOa'ihlBi  and 
Bar  honCltjr  moon  and 


Cola'da,  the  sword  taken  by  the  C^d 
from  Ramon  Ber'enger,  count  of  Barce- 
lo'na.  This  iword  luid  two  hilts  of  solid 
gold. 

CoPaZy  Flattery  penonified  in  The 
Purple  hlcmd  (1638),  by  Phineas  Flet^ 
cher.  Colax  **all  his  words  with  sogar 
spices  •  .  .  lets  his  tongue  to  sin,  and 
takes  rent  of  shame  .  .  .  His  art  ]v3aa\ 
to  hide  and  not  to  heal  a  sore.*'  Fully 
described  in  canto  viii.  (Greek,  kUlax^ 
**  a  flatterer  or  fawner.'*) 

Colbrand  or  Colebrond  (2  ty/.). 

the  Danish  giant,  slain  in  the  presence  ot 

king  Athelstan,  by  sir  Guv  of  Warwick, 

just  returned  from   a   pilgrimage,  still 

**  in  homelv  russet  clad,'  and  in  hi&  hind 

**a    hermrt*s    staff."      The   combat   is 

described  at  length  by  Dra}-ion,  ia  hit 

Polyolbion,  xii. 

On*  oouM  wmmlfy  hmr  hk  no  .  . . 
Wkow  tqmMm  wort  UM  wfcb  fkOm,  am 


And  MniiSd  down  nloBg  vltli  plk«. 

poinu 

.  .  .  had  powr  to  Mar  Uio  joltiti 
Of  cnlnia  or  of  maU. 

Omrtoo,  r^fonim,  «b.  (inn. 

ColohoB,  part  of  Asiatic  Sc^-thia, 
now  called  Mingrelia.  The  region  to 
which  the  Argonauts  directed  their 
course. 

Cold  Harbour  House,  the  origin 
nal  Heralds*  College,  founded  by  Richard 
II.,  in  Poultnev  Lane.  Henry  VH. 
turned  the  heralds  out,  and  gave  the 
house  to  bishop  Tunstal. 

Coldstream  (Sir  Charles),  the  chief 
character  in  Charles  Mathew's  play  called 
Used  Up,  He  is  wholly  enikuu€,  sees 
nothing  to  admire  in  anything ;  \xX  is  a 
living  personification  of  mental  inanity 
and  physical  imbecility. 

Cole  (1  syL),  a  legendary  British 
king,  described  as  *^a  merry  old  soul," 
fond  of  his  pi{>e,  fond  of  his  glass,  and 
fond  of  his  *' fiddkn  three."  Tliere  wei« 
two  kings  so  called— Cole  (or  Coll  1.)  was 
the  predecessor  of  Porrex ;  but  CoU  11* 


COLS. 


COLLINGBOUBK£*S  RHYME. 


was  tacceeded  by  Lacios,  "the  first 
Britiih  klng^  who  embraced  the  Christiaa 
reli^oQ.**  Which  of  these  two  mythical 
kings  the  song  refers  to  is  not  evident. 

Cole  (Mrs,).  This  character  is  de- 
signed for  Mother  Douglas,  who  kept  a 
**geQtlemen*s  magazine  of  frail  beauties^* 
in  a  superbly  nimished  house  at  the 
north-east  comer  of  Covent  Garden.  She 
died  1761.— d.  Foote,  The  Minor  (1760). 

Colein  (2  ay/.),  the  great  dragon 
slain  by  sir  Bevis  of  Southampton. — 
Drayton,  FolyoibuM,  iL  (1612). 

Ck>leiiii'ra  (3  tyi.)^  a  poetical  name 
for  a  cook.  Hie  word  is  compounded  of 
coo/ and  mire. 


Am 


I.- te  oM.  "  «ipnK  kov  Mgkt  •  L 
r  ■Mini  IBS  htmm  aod  wdl-WMhad  faw*. 
Idal.  ColMdn.  mnt  what  1  Implore. 
■M  laav.  onvnii  tiV  faoa  oo  aMW*." 

Oole'l>epp0r  {(hptam)  or  CAPTAnf 
Pkppkkcuu^  the  Alsatian  bully. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  FortuMes  of  Nigel  (time, 
James  I.). 

CoUn,  or  in  Scotch  Cailen,  Oreett 
Cb/m,  the  laird  of  Dnnstajfnage,  so  called 
from  the  green  colour  which  prevailed  in 
his 


CoUn   and  BosaUnde.     In  The 

ShepheartWt  Calendar  (1679),  by  Edm. 
Spenser,  Rosalinde  is  the  maiden  vainly 
beloved  t^  Colin  Clout,  as  her  choice  was 
already  ftxed  on  the  shepherd  Menalcas. 
kosalinde  is  an  anagram  of  **  Rose 
Danil,**  a  lady  beloved  by  Spenser  {Colin 
Chui).  but  Rose  Danil  had  already  fixed 
her  sJffections  on  John  Florio  the  Reso- 
lute, whom  she  subsequently  married. 

Aa4IlotfiMwlU  bcMkli^ 
AsOMla  vMto  B-r^BfH 
Of  cmitnia  Um  Sower. 


(USD. 

€k>lin  Clout,  the  pastoral  name  as- 
sumed by  the  poet  Spenser,  in  The  Shep- 
heard^e  Calendar^  The  Ruin*  of  Titne^ 
Davknaida^  and  in  the  pastoral  poem  called 
Colin  ClotWs  Come  Nome  Aaatn  (from  his 
visit  to  sir  Walter  Ralei^).  EcL  L  and 
xii.  are  soliloquies  of  Colin,  being  lamen- 
tations that  Rosalinde  will  not  return  his 
love.  EcL  vi.  is  a  dialogue  between  Hob- 
biool  and  Colin,  in  which  the  former  tries 
to  comfort  the  disappointed  lover.  Eel. 
xi.  is  a  dialogue  between  Thenot  and 
Colin.  Thenot  begs  Colin  to  sin^  some 
joyous  lay ;  but  Colin  pleads  ^rief  i.>r 
the  death  of  the  shepherdess  Dido,  and 
then  sings  a  monody  on  the  great  shep- 


herdess deceased.  In  eel.  vi.  we  are  told 
that  Rosalinde  has  betrothed  herself  to 
the  shepherd  Menalcas  (1579). 

In  the  last  book  of  the  Fairg  Queen, 
we  have  a  reference  to  **  Colin  and  his 
lassie  "  (Spenser  and  his  wife)  supposed 
to  be  Elizabeth,  and  elsewhere  called 
"  MirabelU."    (See  Clout,  etc.) 

WltMB  oar  OoUn,  whom  tho' an  Um  Obmm 
And  all  lb«  Miuw  niuwd  .  .  . 

Yet  all  bli  bupM  WW*  erwMd.  aH  Mlti  ataM : 
Dtwumeswl.  wemaid.  kk  wriUiHp  vUlSed. 
Peoitir.  poor  aiau.  be  lived ;  puorljr.  poor  man.  he  4M. 
Ph.  Plateber.  r*«  Pmrplt  tdmmd,  L  1  (ISM). 

Colin  Clout  and  his  Lassie,  referred  to 
in  the  last  book  of  the  FaHry  Queen,  are 
Spenser  and  his  wife  Elizabeth,  elsewhefe 
caUed  "  Minbclla"  (lo96). 

ColinClouf  8  Come  Home  AgA.<T>. 
"Colin  Clout**  is  Spenser,  who  had  been  to 
London  on  a  visit  to  **the  Shepherd  of  the 
Ocean  "  (sir  Walter  Raleigh),  m  1689  ;  on 
his  return  to  Kilcolman,  in  Ireland,  he 
wrote  this  poem.  **  Hobbinol  '*  his  friend 
(Gabriel  Harvey,  LL.D.)  tells  him  how 
all  the  shepheMs  had  missed  him,  and 
begs  him  to  reUite  to  him  and  them  his 
adventures  while  abroad.  The  pastoral 
contains  a  eulogy  of  British  contemporary 
poets,  and  of  the  court  beauties  of  queen 
Elizabeth  (1591).    (See  Coltn.) 

Colin  Tampon,  the  nickname  of  a 
Swiss,  as  John  Bull  means  an  English- 
man, etc 

CoDdtto  (rowi^),  or^Yich  Alister 
More,'*  or  *'  Alister  M^DonnelL*'  a  High- 
land chief  in  the  army  of  Montrose. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Lcyend  of  Montrose  (time, 
Charles!.). 

Collean  (Ma^),  the  heroine  of  a 
Scotch  ballad,  which  relates  how  **  fause 
sir  John  **  earned  her  to  a  rock  for  the 
purpose  of  throwing  her  down  into  the 
sea ;  but  May  outwitted  him,  and  sub- 
jected him  to  the  same  fate  as  he  had 
designed  for  her. 

Colleen',  t.^.  ''girl;**  CoUeen  bawn 
(« the  blond  girl  **) ;  CoUeen  rhue  (''  the 
red-haired  girl"),  etc 

*0*  Dion  Boucicault  has  a  drama  en- 
title The  ColUeu  Batofif  founded  upon 
Gerald  Griffin's  novel  The  CoUegiann. 

Collier  {Jem),  a  smuggler.— Sir  W. 
Scott,  Hedi/auntlet  (time,  George  III.). 

CoUingboume's  Rhyme.  The 
rhyme  for  which  Collingbouma  wa« 
executed  was : 

A  eat  •  rat.  and  Lorel  the  dng. 
Kule  all  Insiaua  utMier  Um  bofc 


COLUNGWOOD,  ETC. 


€04 


COLONKA. 


ftor  wImr  1  iBMiit  tbt  kli«  [BUkmr^  ///.]  kjr  nam*  of 

I  onlr  aBoAed  to  th*  badge  he  bore  \a  tear]; 

To  LoxTk  nante  1  added  mora— our  dog— 

Baamaa  moM  dop  have  borne  that  fuune  of  Tora. 

TboM  atetmpbon  I  used  with  other  mure. 

Am  cat  and  nt,  the  batf-iuunee  ICatertf*.  Jb«lrl<fr]  of 

therHl. 
To  hkia  tha  miim  that  they  to  wronglx  vraet. 

Th.  BarkvlUe,  A  JUrrour/or  ifafUtragtm 
("  Ooui>layut  of  CoUiugbouiBal. 

CoUinfiTwood  and  the  Aooms. 
OoUingwood  never  saw  a  vacant  place  in 
his  estate,  but  he  took  an  acorn  out  of  his 
pocket  and  popped  it  in. — Thackeray, 
Vanity  Fair  (1848). 

Colxnal,  daughter  of  Dnnthalmo 
lord  of  Teutha  {the  Tweed).  Her  father, 
having  murdered  Rathmor  in  his  halls, 
brought  up  the  two  young  sons  of  the  latter, 
Calthon  and  CoJmar,  in  his  own  house; 
but  when  grown  to  manhood  he  thought  he 
detected  a  suspicious  look  about  them, 
and  tie  shut  them  up  in  two  separate  caves 
on  the  banks  of  the  Tweed,  intending  to 
kill  them.  Colmalj  who  was  in  love 
with  Calthon,  set  him  free,  and  the  two 
made  good  their  escape  to  the  court  of 
Fingal.  Fingal  sent  Ossian  with  800 
men  to  liberate  Colmar ;  but  when  Dun- 
thalmo  heard  thereof,  he  murdered  the 
prisoner.  Calthon,  being  taken  captive, 
was  bound  to  an  oak,  but  was  liberated 
by  Ossian,  and  joined  in  marriage  to  Col- 
mal,  with  whom  he  lived  lovingly  in  the 
halls  of  Teutha.— Ossian,  VaithiM  and 
Coimal. 

Colmar,  brother  of  Calthon.  When 
quite  young  their  father  was  murdered 
by  DttnthiUmo.  who  came  against  him 
by  night,  and  killed  him  in  his  banquet 
hall ;  but  moved  by  pity,  he  brought  up 
the  two  boys  in  his  own  house.  When 
grown  to  manhood,  he  thought  he  ob- 
served mischief  in  their  looks,  and 
therefore  shut  them  up  in  two  separate 
cells  on  the  banks  of  the  Tweed.  Colmol, 
the  daughter  of  Duntbalmo,  who  M'as  in 
love  with  Calthon,  liberated  biin  from 
his  Itonds,  and  tiiey  fled  to  Fingal  to 
crave  aid  on  behalf  of  Colmar;  but 
before  succour  could  arrive,  Ihmthalmo 
had  Colmar  brought  before  him,  *^  bound 
with  a  thousand  thon^cs,"  and  slew  him 
with  his  spear. — Ossian,  Calt/um  and 
Ooimal. 

Colmes-ldll,  now  called  Icolmkill, 
the  famous  lona,  one  of  the  Western 
islands.  It  is  I-colm-kill ;  *'  I  *'=:isiand, 
"colm"=Cu/uf/«6  (St.),  and  "kiir'= 
buryinq-place  ("the  burying-ground  in 
St.  Columns  Isle"). 


JToMe.  WhetviaDandanlibodbrl 
MtusdMf.  Carried  to  Culmn-kiU  ; 

The  aacrad  •tai«-hoaae  of  Ua  i 

And  gnardiaa  of  their  bona*. 

Hhahatpaara.  MatbHh,  art  IL  ac  4(1S06| 

Colna-Dona  ("fow  of  heroes'*), 
daughter  of  king  Car'uL  Fingal  sent 
Ossian  and  Toscar  to  raise  a  memorial 
on  the  banks  of  the  Crona,  to  perpetuate 
the  memory  of  a  victory  he  had  obtained 
there.  Carul  invited  the  two  young 
men  to  his  hall,  and  Tos<iar  fell  in  lore 
with  Colna-Dona.  The  passion  being 
mutual,  the  father  consented  to  their 
espousals.— Ossian,  Colna-Dona, 

Ck>logne  (The  three  ktng§  of),  the 
llirec  Magi,  called  Caspar,  Melchioc,  and 
Baltha'zar.  Caspar  means  **the  white 
one:"  Melchior,  "king  of  light;" 
Balthazar,  "lord  of  treasures."  lUop- 
stock,  in  The  Messiah,  says  there  were 
six  Magi,  whom  be  calls  Hadad,  Sel'ima, 
i^imri,  Mirja,  lieled,  and  Sunith. 

♦^*  The  "three"  Magi  are  variously 
named ;  thus  one  tradition  gives  them 
as  Apellius,  Amerus,  and  Damascus ; 
another  calls  them  Magalath,  Galgalath, 
-and  iSarasin ;  a  third  says  they  were 
Ator,  Sator,  and  Permt'oras.  They  are 
furthermore  said  to  be  descendanta  of 
Balaam  the  Mesopotamian  prophet. 

Colon,  one  of  the  rabble  leaden  in 
HwJ^braSy  is  meant  for  Noel  Perryan  or 
Ned  Perry,  an  ostler.  He  was  a  rigid 
puritan  "  of  low  morals,"  and  very  fbnd 
of  bear-baiting. 

Colonna  {The  marquis  of),  a  high- 
minded,  incorruptible  noble  of  Naples. 
He  tells  the  young  king  bluntly  that  hiii 
oily  courtiers  are  vipers  who  would  suck 
his  life's  blood,  ana  that  Ludov'ico,  hia 
chief  minister  and  favourite,  is  a  traitor. 
Of  course  he  is  not  believed,  and  Ludo- 
vico  marks  him  out  for  vengeance.  His 
scheme  is  to  get  CiUonna,  of  his  own 
free  will,  to  murder  his  sister's  lover  and 
the  king.  With  this  view  he  artfully 
persuades  Yicentio,  the  lover,  that 
KvadnS  (the  sister  of  Colonna^  is  the 
king's  wanton.  Yicentio  indignantly 
ditk'ards  KvadnO,  is  challenged  to  tight 
by  Colonna,  and  is  supposed  to  be  killed. 
Colonna,  to  revenge  his  wrongs  on  the 
king,  invites  him  to  a  banouet  with 
intent  to  murder  him,  when  the  whole 
scheme  of  villainy  is  exposed :  Ludovico 
is  slain,  and  Yicentio  marries  E\'adn6. — 
Shiel,  Evadne  or  the  Statue  (1820). 

Cotonna,  the  most  southern  oape  of 
Attica.    Falconer  makes  it  the  site  of  bis 


f  t 


COLOPHON. 


906 


COHEDT  OF  ERRORS. 


••■UpiTRck''  (cftoio   iii.);   and  Byton 
mj9  tb«  iftlcB  of  Greece, 

...  MM  ftan  flv  ObldHiu^  MI^M. 
INtogM  the  iMtft  tiMa  Inlb  «lM  riiM» 


Brroo.  rk«  MuMir  (1813). 

Col'ophon,  the  end  clause  of  a  book 
eootaining  tiie  namcii  of  the  printer  and 
paUkber,  and  the  place  where  the  book 
"wu  priced;  in  former  times  the  date 
•ad  the  edition  were  added  also.  Colo- 
phon was  a  aty  at  kma,  the  inhabitantB 
of  wUdi  were  Moth  exoellait  horecmen 
that  kfaejr  coold  tarn  the  Male  of  battle ; 
iMBce  the  iSreek  pnyverb  to  add  aoolo- 
fkm  meant  to  **pat  a  ftniahing  stroke 


CdloBBOS  (Latin,  Colossusy,  a  gi- 
gantic bnzen  statue  126  feet  high,  exe- 
cuted by  Chares  for  the  Khodians. 
Blaise  de  Vignenere  says  it  was  a  striding 
figure,  but  comte  de  Caylus  proves  that 
it  was  not  so,  and  did  not  even  stand  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Rhodian  i>ort.  Philo 
tdls  us  that  it  $tood  on  a  btueh  of  while 
marblef  and  Lucius  Amp^lius  asserts 
that  it  stood  in  a  car,  Tickell  makes  out 
the  statae  to  tte  so  enormous  in  size, 
that— 


■t  oaa  foot  flw  throofrias  gadif*  rida^ 


tU^ltk  Id  Ioom  arTwr. 
OB  tlH  blllo«i#qr. 
tUuO.  On  <*•  iVv^pMl  qr 


Colthred   iBcmjamm)    or    *'  Little  , 
ficnjie,**   a    spy    employed    by    Nixon  - 
(Edward  RedgauntleTs  agent).— Sir  W. 
Scott,  £a(fyMuntUt  (time,  Ueoige  III.). 

Golomb  (SL,)  or  8t.  Coiwnba  was 
of  the  family  of  the  kings  of  Ulster; 
and  with  twelve  followers  founded 
apongst  the  PicU  and  Scots  300  Chris- 
tian establishments  -of  presb>'terian  cha- 
ncter;  that  in  lo'na  was  founded  in 
563. 

&•  PtetWi  MM  br  St.  Oahanb  tanght 

OuspbeU,  lUuttmn, 

ColunibaB.  His  three  ships,  were 
the  Santa  Maria,  the  Pinto,  and  the 
ir«M. — ^Washington  Irving,  Hiitory  of 
tki  /^tf,  «<o.,  ofColvmiiMSy  188. 

,  Colyn  Clout  (TV -iPofeo/),  a  rhym- 
ing six-syllable  tiiade  against  the  clergy, 
by  John  Skelton,  poet-laureate  (1460- 
ld29). 

Comal  and  Gktlbi'na.  Comal  was 
the  son  of  Albion,  '*  chief  of  a  hundred 
hills."  He  loved  Galbi'na  (daughter  of 
Conleeh),  who  was  beloved  by  Grumal 
aUo.  One  day,  tired  out  by  the  chase, 
( ooud  and  Gaibina  rested  in  the  cave  of 


Ronan  ;  hut  ere  long  a  deer  appeared, 
and  Comal  went  forth  to  shoot  it* 
During  his  absence,  Galbina  dressed  her- 
self in  armour  **to  try  his  love,'*  and 
*'  strode  from  the  cave.  Comal  thought 
it  was  Grumal,  let  fty  an  arrow,  and  she 
fell.  The  chief  too  late  discovered  hia 
mistake,  rushed  to  liattle,  and  was  slain. 
— Ossian,  Fingal,  ii. 

Coxn'ala,  daughter  of  Samo  king  of 
Inistore  {the  Orkneva).  She  fell  in  love 
with  Fii^pal  at  a  feast  to  which  Samo 
had  invited  him  after  his  rttom  from 
Denmark  or  Lochlin  {FinffeU,  m.). 
Disguised  as  a  youth,  Comala  followeid 
him,  and  b^ged  to  be  employed  in  his 
wars ;  but  was  detected  by  Uidallan,  son 
of  Lamor,  whose  love  she  had  slight^. 
Fingal  was  about  to  marry  her,  when 
Jie  was  called  to  oppose  Caracul,  who  had 
invaded  Caledonia.  0>mala  witnessed  the 
battle  from  a  hill,  thooght  she  saw  Fingal 
slain,  and  though  he  returned  victorious, 
the  shock  on  her  nerves  was  so  great  that 
she  died.— Ossian,  Comata, 

Coman'ohes  (3  syl.),  an  Indian  tribe 
of  the  Texas.     (See  Cama.nches.) 

Comb  (Jieynard*8  Wonderful)  j  said  to 
be  made  of  ran'tbera's  bone,  the  per- 
fume of  which  was  so  fragrant  that  no 
one  eould  resist  following  it ;  and  the 
wearer  of  the  oomb  was  always  of  a 
merry  heart.  This  comb  existed  onlv  in 
-tiie  brain  of  Master  Fox. — Beynard  the 
Focc,  xu.  (1498). 

Go'me  (^.)t  a  physician,  and  patron 
saint  of  medical  practitioners. 

"By  8t  Cmuer  Hid  the  Mufwrn.  "kflte's  •  pf«Mj 
•dTeotura."— LMiHt*.  OU  BUu.  rit  l  (1730). 

Come  and  Take  Them.  The  re- 
ply of  Leon'idas,  king  of  Sparta,  to  the 
messengers  of  Xerx^  when  commanded 
by  the  invader  to  deliver  up  his  arms. 

Com'edy  (The  Father  of),  Aristoph'- 
anSs  the  Athenian  (b.c.  444-380). 

Comedy  {Prince  of  Ancient,  ^  Aristoph'- 
an£s  (B.C.  444-380). 

Comedy  (Prince  of  Neto),  Menandei 
(B.C.  342-291). 

Comedy  of  Errors,  by  Shakespeare 
(1593).  iEmilia  wife  of  iKg€on  had  two 
sons  at  a  birth^nd  named  both  of  them 
Antipholus.  When  grown  to  manhood, 
each  of  these  sons  mid  a  slave  named 
Dromio,  also  twin-brothers.  The  brothers 
Antipholus    had    been    shipwrecked    in 


1 


OOHHAL. 


206 


COMUS. 


infuicy,  and  bein^  picked  up  by  diffieient 
vessclii,  were  otmed  one  to  Syracuse  and 
the  other  to  Ephesus.  The  play  sup- 
poses that  Antipholus  of  Syracuse  goes 
in  search  of  his  brother,  and  coming  to 
Ephesus  with  his  slave  Dromio,  a  series 
of  mistakes  arises  from  the  extraordinaij 
likeness  of  the  two  brothers  and  their 
two  slaves.  Andriana,  the  wife  of  the 
Ephpsian,  mistakes  the  Syracusian  for 
her  husband ;  but  he  behaves  so 
strangely  that  her  jealousy  is  aroused, 
and  when  her  true  husband  arrives  he  is 
arrested  as  a  mad  man.  Soon  after,  the 
8\Tacusian  brother  being  seen,  the  wife, 
supposing  it  to  be  her  mad  husband 
broken  loose,  sends  to  capture  him  ;  but 
he  fleet  into  a  convent.  Andriana  now 
lays  her  complaint  before  the  duke,  and 
the  lady  abbess  comes  into  court.  So 
both  brothers  face  each  other,  the  mis- 
takes are  explained,  and  the  abbess  turns 
out  to  be  iEmilia  the  mother  of  the  twin- 
brothers.  Now,  it  so  happened  that 
.£geon,  searching  for  his  son,  also  came 
to  Ephesus,  and  was  condemned  to  My  a 
fine  or  suffer  death,  because  he,  a  Syra- 
cusian, had  set  foot  in  Ephesus.  'The 
duke,  however,  hearing  the  story,  par- 
doned him.  Thus  iEgeon  found  ms  wife 
in  the  abbess,  the  parents  their  twin  aona, 
and  each  son  his  long-lost  brother. 

*«*  The  plot  of  this  comedy  is  copied 
from  the  Ifenacknu  of  Plautos. 

Comhal  or  CombaL  son  of  Tra- 
thal,  and  father  of  Fingai.  His  oueen 
was  Moma,  daughter  of  Thaddu.  Com- 
hal was  slain  in  battle,  fighting  against 
the  tribe  of  Momi,  the  very  day  that 
Fingai  was  bom. — Ossian. 

PlnoJ  add  to  AUIo.  "  I  waa  bora  in  Um  mldat  of 


Comines  [OSm'.m].  Philip  des  Co- 
mines,  the  favourite  minister  of  Charles 
**  the  Bold,"  duke  of  Burgundy,  is  intro- 
duced by  sir  W.  Scott  in  Qxientin  D%w- 
ward  (time,  Edward  lY.). 

Coming  Events. 

Aad  amine  otmiU  CMt  tbolr  tluMioiri  beton. 

OwnplioM.  Uckt«r$  Wamim0. 

Comleach  (2  «///.),  a  mountain  in 
Ultter.  The  Lubar  flows  between  Com- 
leadi  and  Cromal. — Ossian. 

Commander  of  the  Faithftil 
(Emir  ai  Mumenin),  a  title  aasnmed  by 
Omar  ].,  and  retained  by  his  successors 
in  the  caUphate  (581,  6d4-«44). 


Commandment  (The  EUnmak\ 
Thou  shalt  not  be  found  out. 

After  aH.  that  Beronth  Oamnaadneat  b  Um  obIt  oas 
Hbmt  it  l«  vltnltar  inportwU  to  koop  in  Umm  Aitil— «.  H. 
Buxton.  Jmudt  V  «*«  Prtmet'i.  HL  114 

Comminges  (2  syl,)  (Count  de),  tlM 
hero  of  a  novel  so  otlled  by  Ude.  de 
Tencin  (1681-1749). 

Committee  (The)y  a  comedy  by  the 
Hon.  sir  R.  Howard.  Mr.  Day,  a  Crom- 
wellite,  is  the  head  of  a  Committee  of 
Sequestration,  and  is  a  dishonest,  caiitiii|g 
rascal,  nnder  the  thumb  of  his  wife.  He 
gets  into  his  hands  the  deeds  of  two 
heiresses,  Anne  and  Arbella.  The  former 
he  calls  Ruth,  and  passes  her  off  as  his 
own  daughter;  the  latter  he  wante  to 
marry  to  his  booby  son  Abel.  Ruth  falls 
in  love  with  colonel  Careless,  and  Arbella 
with  colonel  Blunt.  Ruth  contrives  to 
get  into  her  hands  the  deeds,  which  she 
delivers  over  to  the  two  colonels,  and 
when  Mr.  Day  arrives,  quiets  him  by 
reminding  him  that  she  knows  of  certain 
deeds  which  would  prove  his  ruin  if 
divulced  (1670). 

T.  Knight  reproduced  this  comedy  as 
a  farce  nnder  the  title  of  The  Honeet 
Thieves, 

Common  (Dot),  an  ally  of  Subtle 
the  alchemist. — ^Ben  Jonson,  The  Alchemiet 
(1610). 

Commoner  (TTte  Great) y  mi  John 
Barnard,  who  in  1787  proposed  to  reduce 
the  interest  of  the  national  debt  from 
4  per  cent,  to  8  per  cent.,  any  creditoi 
being  at  liberty  to  receive  his  principid 
in  full  if  he  preferred  it.  William  Pitt, 
the  statesman,  is  so  called  also  (1769- 
1806). 

Comne'nuB  (Alexhu),  emperor  of 
Greece,  introduced  by  sir  W.  Scott  in 
Count  Robert  of  Paris  (time,  Rufus). 

^naa  Comne^nay  the  historian,  daugh- 
ter of  Alexius  Comnenus,  emperor  of 
Greece. — Same  novel. 

Compeyaon,  a  would-be  sentleman 
and  a  foi^^er.  He  duped  Abel  Magwitcfa 
and  ruined  him,  keeping  him  completely 
under  his  influence.  He  also  jilted  Miss 
Havisham. — C.  Dickens,  Great  Expected 
tions  (1860). 

Com'rade  (2  syl,),  the  horse  given  by 
a  fitiry  to  Fortunio. 

He  liM  many  nn  qualitlM  .  .  .  flrat  h«  mtM  bat  one* 
in  Alglit  dajn;  and  th«n  Im  knows  wlurtV  pMt.  pracut, 
and  tu  «Mn«  (and  wfmkt  witli  tb«  vokc  of  a  niani.— 
OomteaM  D'Auwqr.  FMrp  Tatm  {"  Fortunin,''  ISB9). 

ComuBy   the  god   of  revelry.     In 


OONA. 


207 


CONLATH. 


lfUloii*t  ««iiMuc|ae'*  to  caUed,  the  *'lady*' 
is  bdy  Alice  Egeiton,  the  younger 
bcothcr  w  Mr.  Thoouu  E^^erton,  and  the 
elder  brother  is  lord  Tiacooni  Brackley 
(eldest  son  of  John  esri  of  Bridgewster, 
president  of  Wales).  The  lady,  wear)' 
vith  long  walking,  is  left  in  a  wood  by 
her  two  brothefi,  while  they  go  to  gather 
** cooling  fruit**  for  her.  She  sings  to 
let  them  know  her  whereabouts,  and 
Cooras,  coming  op,  promises  to  conduct 
her  to  a  cottage  till  her  brothers  could 
be  focnd.  The  brotiierB,  hearing  a  noise 
of  rerelry,  become  alarmed  about  their 
nter,  when  her  goaidian  spirit  informs 
them  tlwt  she  has  fallen  into  the  hands 
of  CnmiM.  Tbey  ran  to  her  rescoe,  and 
snire  jost  as  the  god  is  offering  his  cap- 
tire  a  polaon ;  the  brothers  seize  the  cup 
sod  dash  it  on  the  grunnd,  while  the  spirit 
iarokes  Sabri'na,  who  breaks  the  spell 
sad  releases  the  Udy  (1634). 


Cq^TUl  or  CoK,  a  river  in  Scotland, 
fidhng  into  Lochleren.  It  is  distin- 
euisbed  for  the  sublimity  of  its  scenery, 
(ileo-coe  is  the  glen  held  by  the  McDo- 
nalds (the  chief  of  the  dan  being  called 
Maclan).  In  *'  Ossian,**  the  bard  Ossian 
horn  of  Fin^)  is  called  **The  voice  of 
Cana.**— Oasuui,  Somgs  of  Selma, 

of  0dm.  In 


Oonaeh'ar,  the  Highland  apprentice 
«l  Soaon  Glover,  the  old  glover  of  Perth. 
Consoar  ia  in  love  wiUi  his  master's 
4n«htK,  Catharine,  calhid  **the  fair 
■aid  of  Perth ;  **  but  Catharine  loves  and 
■himstely  marries  Henry  Smith,  the 
snnonrer.  Conachar  is  at  a  later  period 
IsB  Eadiin  [Hector]  M'lan,  chief  of  the 
eba  Qriiele.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Fair  Maid  of 
PtrU  (time,  Heniy  IV.). 

Conar,  ton  of  Trenmor,  and  first 
•*kiur  of  Ireland.**  When  the  Fir-bolg 
(or  Bel«  from  Britain  settled  in  the 
tmtk  of  liehuid)  had  reduced  the  Cael 
(or  colony  of  Caledonians  settled  in  the 
RorIA  of  Ireland)  to  the  last  extremity 
b^  war,  the  C^  sent  to  Scotland  for 
aid.  Trathcl  (grandfather  of  Fingal) 
sccoidingly  sent  over  Conar  with  an 
smy  to  their  aid ;  and  0>nar,  having 
ndaoed  the  Fir-bolg  to  submission,  as- 
niBcd  the  title  of  **  king  of  Ireland.** 
Ceoar  was  succeeded  by  ms  son  Cotvohc 
L ;  Cormae  K  bv  his  son  Cairbrc ;  Cair- 
fave  by  his  son  Artho  ;  Artho  by  his  son 
Coraac  11.  (a  minor) ;  and  Cormae  (after 


a  slight  interregnnm)    by   Femd-Aitho 
(restored  by  Fingal). — Ossian. 

Con-Cathlin  (means  "  mild  beam  of 
the  wave  '*),  the  pole-star. 


Whib  yet  Mr  lodu  wmim  yom«.  I  miukr4  CcthCuthBa 
«o  hish.  IhMi  ooMu's  mt^Qr  waya.— OatBii.  Oitut-Morml. 

Confesflio  Amantis,  by  Gower 
(1393),  above  dO,(KK)  Verses.  It  is  a 
dialogue  between  a  lover  and  his  con- 
fessor, a  priest  of  Venus  named  Genius. 
As  every  vice  is  tmamiabie,  a  lover  must 
be  free  from  vice  in  order  to  be  amiable, 
Le,  beloved;  consequently,  Genius  ex- 
amines the  lover  on  every  vice  before  he 
will  grant  him  absolution.  Tale  after  tale 
is  introduced  by  the  confessor,  to  show 
the  evil  effects  of  particular  vices,  and 
the  lover  is  taught  science,  and  "the 
Aristotelian  philosophy,**  the  better  to 
equip  him  to  win  the  love  of  his  choice. 
Tne  end  is  venr  strange :  The  lover  does 
not  complain  that  the  lady  is  obdurate  or 
faithless,  but  that  he  himself  has  grown 
old. 

Gower  is  indebted  a  good  deal  to 
Rosebius*s  Greek  romance  of  IsmenS  and 
Jnnenioi,  translated  by  Yiterbo.  Shake- 
speare drew  his  Periclea  Prince  of  Tyre 
from  the  same  romance. 

Confession.  TheemperorWenceslas 
ordered  John  of  Nep'omuc  to  be  cast  from 
the  Moldan  bridge,  for  refusing  to  reveal 
the  oonfession  of  the  empress.  Ine  martyr 
was  canonized  as  St.  John  Nepomu'een, 
and  his  day  is  May  14  (1330-1383). 

Conftiaion  worse  Confounded. 

With  nilQ  upon  rata,  root  oa  roat, 
Oontekm  won*  eonftoiidid. 

Mittim. /iv«4«M  X««.  IL  SSf  aS0). 


Congrere  (The  Modem).  R.  B. 
Sheridan  (1761-1816). 

Th»  thkMt  for  Sgawrfar  awnwd  tb*  npotatloii  of  tb* 
BKMlcni  Cungivr*  In  1777.~Ckaik.  Ufrmtm*  mmA 
LuanOng  i»  MnglaMd,  f  .  7. 

Conkey  Chickweed,  the  man  who 
robbed  himself  of  327  guineas,  in  order  to 
make  his  fortune  by  exciting  the  sym- 
pathy of  his  neighbours  and  others.  The 
tale  is  told  by  detective  BUthers. — (X 
Dickens,  Oiiver  Twist  (1837). 

Conlath.  youngest  son  of  Momi,  and 
brother  of  tne  famous  Gaul  (a  man*8 
name).  Conlath  was  betrothed  to  Cu- 
tho'na,  daiu^hter  of  Rnma,  but  before  the 
espousals  toscar  came  from  Ireland  to 
Mora,  and  was  hospitably  received  by 
Momi.  Seeing  Cuthona  out  bonting, 
Toscar  carried  her  off  in  his  skiff  bv 
foree,  and  being  overtaken  by  Conlaw 


OONKAL. 


908 


CONSTANS. 


thej  both  fell  in  fight.  Thn^  days 
afterwards  Cuthona  died  of  grief. — 
Ossian,  ConkUh  and  Cuthona, 

Connal,  son  of  Collar  petty  king  of 
Togomia,  and  intimate  niend  of  Cuthullin 
genenU  of  the  Irish  tribes.  He  is  a  kind 
of  Ulvsses,  who  cocnsels  and  oomforts 
Cuthullin  in  his*  distress,  and  is  the  very 
opposite  of  the  ra^,  preeuniptuous, 
though  generous  Calmar. — Ossian,  h^nyai, 

Con'nell  {Father) y  an  aged  catholic 
priest,  full  of  gentle  sJffectionate  feelings. 
He  is  the  patron  of  a  poor  vagrant  boy 
called  Neddy  Fennel,  whose  i^ventures 
furnish  Uie  incidents  of  Banim*s  novel 
called  Father  Council  (1842). 

IhMktr  OonntB  is  not  nmrarthf  •fwncfaitlon  witk  the 
protcsunt  rioar  qf  Wak€ifUl*.—E.  QiMnbern.  MugUsk 
LU«ratwrt,  IL  Of. 

Coninsr8l>7t  ^  novel  by  B.  Dis- 
raeli. The  characters  are  meant  for  por- 
traits :  thus,  '*  Kigby"  repreftents  CroRor ; 
"Menmouth,"  lord  Hertford;  «*Esk- 
dale,"  Lowther;  "Ormsby,'*  Irving; 
*'  Lucretia,"  Mde.  Zichy  ;  *'  countess 
Colonna,"  lady  Stiachan;  ^'Sidonia,'* 
baron  A.  de  Rothschild ;  *'  Henry  Sid- 
ney," lord  John  Manners ;  **  Belvoir,'* 
duke  of  Rutland,  second  son  of  Beau- 
manoir. — Lord  Palmerston,  Notei  and 
QuerieSy  March  6, 1875. 

Conqueror  (The),  Alexander  tiie 
Great,  The  Conqueror  of  the  World 
(n.c.  866,  886-823).  Alfonso  of  Por- 
tugal (J094,  1187-1186).  Aurungzebe 
the  Great,  called  Alemgir  (1618,  1669- 
1707>.  James  of  Aragon  (1206,  1218- 
1276).  Othman  or  Osmnn  I.,  founder  of 
the  Turkish  empire  (1269,  1299-1326). 
Francisco  Pizarro,  called  Conquistador^ 
because  he  conquered  Pern  (1476-1641). 
William  duke  of  Normandy,  who  obtained 
England  by  conquest  (1027, 1066-1137). 

Con'rad  (Lord),  the  corsair,  after- 
wards called  Lara.  A  proud,  ascetic  but 
successful  pirate.  Hearing  that  the 
sultan  Seyd  [i^eed]  was  alH>ut  to  attack 
the  pirates,  he  entered  the  palace  in  the 
disguise  of  a  dervisc,  but  bemg  found  out 
was  seized  and  imprisoned.  He  was 
released  by  Gulnare  (2  »y/.),  the  sultan's 
favourite  concubine,  and  fled  with  her  to 
tlie  Pirates*  Isle,  but  finding  his 
Medo'm  dead,  he  left  the  bland  wi& 
Gulnare,  returned  to  his  native  hind, 
headed  a  rebellion,  and  was  shot. — Ix>rd 
Byron,  The  Corsair,  continued  in  Lara 
(1814). 


Con'rade  (2  syL),  a  follower  of  dim 
John  (bastard  brother  of  don  Pedro 
prince  of  Aragon). — Shakespeare,  Much 
Ado  About  Nothinj  (1600). 

Con'rade  (2  syL),  marquis  cff  Mont- 
serrat,  who  with  the  Grand-Master  of  the 
Templars  conspired  against  Richard  Cceur 
de  Lion.  He  was  unhorsed  in  combat, 
and  murdered  in  his  tent  bv  the  Templar. 
—Sir  W.  Scott,  7y*#  Talisman  (Ume, 
Richard  I.). 

Oonsenting  Stars,  stars  forming 
certain  configurations  for  good  or  «vil. 
Thus  we  read  in  the  book  of  Judges  v.  20, 
**  llie  stars  in  their  courses  fought  against 
Sisera,*'  ue,  formed  eonfigurationa  which 
were  unlucky  or  malignant. 


.  .  «eour|*  Um  bad  rrf  olring  I 
TiMt  have  coiuMitad  mto  Hoiiy'*  itouh  I 
Khig  Hcorr  Uie  Fiftb,  too  {muow  to  live  Vons ! 
StMikMiMni,  1  ir«nrr  Ky.  act  L  ac  1  (ISSH 

£k>n8tance,  mother  of  prince  Arthur 
and  widow  of  Geoffrey  Plantageaefe. — 
Shakespeare,  King  John  (1698). 


Un.  Biutl«gr*t  "  ludljr  MMbMh.'*  "OoastMioe."  and 
"queen  Kktiwrine  "  [ITtnrjf  rill.\  vreie  powerfkd  vaot- 
bodlmeiiti,  and  I  qoaitlon  V^tmf  haw  ererdnevr 
flu«l>  partnvad  [i7SS-lSS0).^J.  AdalphiWb,  r 


Constance,  daughter  of  sir  Williain 
Tondlove,  and  courted  by  Wildrake,  « 
country  squire,  fond  of  field  sports. 
^*  Her  beanlv  rich,  richer  'her  giaoe,  her 
mind  yet  ricner  still,  though  richest  all.** 
She  wiis  **  the  mould  express  of  womaii, 
stature,  feature,  body,  limb  :'*4riie  danced 
well,  sang  well,  harped  well.  Wildrake 
was  her  childhood's  playmate,  and  be- 
came her  husband.— -8.  Knowlea,  ?%« 
Lotie  Chase  (1837). 

Constance,  daughter  of  Bertulphe  pro- 
vost of  Bruges,  and  bride  of  Bouchanl,  a 
knight  of  Flanden.  She  had  "  beauty  to 
shame  young  love^  most  fervent  dream, 
virtue  to  form  a  saint,  with  just  enough 
of  earth  to  keep  her  woman."  Hr  an 
absurd  law  of  (Jharles  **the  Good,*^earl 
of  Flanders,  made  in  1127,  this  young 
lady,  brought  up  in  the  Up  of  luxury, 
was  reduced  to  serfdom,  beoause  her 
grandfather  was  a  serf ;  her  aristocratic 
husband  was  also  a  serf  because  he 
married  her  (a  serf).  She  went  mad  at 
the  reverse  of  fortune,  and  died. — b. 
Knowles,  The  Provost  of  Bn^s  (1836). 

Constans,  a  mythical  king  of  Britaiii. 
He  was  the  eldest  of  the  three  sons  of 
Constantine,  his  tw^o  brothers  being 
Aurelius  Ambrosius  and  Uther  Pen- 
dragon.  Constans  was  a  monk,  but  at 
the  death  of  his  father  he  laid  aside  the 


OORSTJLNT. 


GOKTTNSNCE. 


9em\  for  the  crown.  Toitq;cni  ouuBed 
kim  to  be  aasasainated,  an4  usaiped  the 
crawik  AuTCl&at  AmbioniH  succeeded 
Toitigcni,  and  was  himself  flacoe«led  bjr 
his  xonnger  brother,  Uther  Pendnigon, 
fiUher  of  king  Arthur.  Hence  it  will 
■ppetf  that  Constans  was  Arthur's  uncle. 

Constant  (Ned),  the  former  lorer  of 
ladj  Bmte,  wiui  whom  he  intrigued  i^ter 
her  marria^  with  the  surly  knigbi. — 
TaDbmgh,  The  Provoked  Wife  (1697). 

Comsimd  (^  Bagful),  «  yonngsr 
brother  of  middle  life,  who  tumbles  into 
an  estate  and  title  by  the  death  of  his 
eider  tMo4ker.  He  HMuries  a  wonun  of 
q^nli^,  but  ftnding  it  eomme  H  foMt  not 
to  k^  his  k^n  be  kuown,  treats  her  with 
indifesaoe  and  politeness,  sjid  tboi^  he 
dfltes  OB  her,  tries  to  make  her  believe  he 
k)f»ss  her  not.  He  is  very  soft,  carfied 
w^  by  the  Miinions  of  others,  and  is 
an  exam^  of  the  truth  of  what  Dr. 
Tovng  has  said,  "  Wliat  is  mere  good 
Bstnre  but  s  fool  ?^ 

ladjf  Constant,  wife  of  sir  Bashful,  a 
•Oman  of  spirit,  taste,  sense,  wit,  and 
beauty.  She  loves  her  husband,  and 
Rpels  with  scorn  an  attempt  to  shake 
her  fidelity  because  he  treats  her  with  cold 
■difference.— A.  Murphy,  The  Way  to 
keep  Uim  (17«0). 

Cefistazi'tia,  sister  of  Petrnocio  go- 
^'vtQor  of  Bologna,  -and  mistress  dt  the 
dikeof  Ferrara. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher, 
IV  Oonees  (1820). 

Omstaxtia,  a  prot^g^e  of  lady  McSy- 
cophant.  An  amiable  girl,  in  love  with 
Egerion  McSycophant,  by  whom  her 
love  is  amplyretomed.— C  Jfacklin,  The 
Mm  of  Urn  World  {\1^). 

Oon'stasLtine  (8  sy/.),  a  king  of 
Scntiand,  who  (in  937)  joined  Anlaf  (a 
I>wuah  king)  against  Athelstan.  The 
allied  kings  were  defeated  at  Brunan- 
boh,  in  Korthumberiand,  and  Constan- 
tiot  was  mads  prisoner. 


UkeUncaiirtnoerhltlMrl     _^ 
nnvton.  /W^Mmi.  xIL  t  UtlS). 

OoDstantinople  {LUtle),  Kertch 
vas  so  called  l^  the  Genoese  from  its 
extent  and  its  prosperity.  Demosthenes 
ealls  it "  the  granary  of  Athens.** 

Coosiialo  (4  sy/.),  the  impersonaticm 
*f  mcnl  nnity  in  the  midst  of  tevp- 
•■^inw.  CoBsnelo  is  the  heroine  of  « 
Mvd  so  YaUed  by  Geome  Saad  <tA  Ude. 


Oonsul  BiVuluB  {A),  a  cipher  m 
office,  one  joined  with  others  in  office  bat 
without  the  slightest  influence.  Bibnlus 
was  joint  consul  with  Julius  Giesar,  but  so 
insignificant  that  the  wits  of  Rome  called 
it  the  consulship  of  Julius  and  Casar,  not 
of  Bibnlus  and  Caesar  (b.c.  59). 

ContenmoraneouB  DisoovBrera. 
Goethe  and  Yicq  d'Azyrs  discovered  at 
the  same  time  toe  intermaxillary  bone. 
Goethe  and  Yon  Baer  discovered  at  the 
same  txm^  Morphology.  Goethe  and 
Oken  discovered  at  the  same  time  the 
vertebral  ^stem.  The  Penny  Cydo- 
pcedia  and  Uhambers^s  Joumai  were  started 
nearly  at  the  same  time.  The  invention 
of  printing  is  claimed  by  several  contem- 
poraries. The  processes  called  Talbetype 
and  Dagnerreot^  were  nearly  simul- 
taneous disoovenes.  Leverrier  and  Adams 
discovered  at  the  same  time  the  planet 
Neptune^ 

%*  This  list  niAy  be  extendMl  to  n 
veiy  great  length. 

Contest  (Sir  Adam).  Having  lost 
his  first  wife  by  shipwreck,  he  married 
again  after  the  lapse  of  some  twelve  or 
fourteen  years.  His  second  wife  was  a 
girl  of  18,  to  whom  he  held  up  bis  first 
wife  as  a  pattern  and  the  very  paragon 
of  women.  On  the  wedding  day  thisnrst 
wife  made  her  appearance.  She  had  been 
saved  frorn^  the  wreck;  but  sir  Adam 
wished  her  in  heaven  most  sincerely. 

Lady  Contest,  the  bride  of  sir  Adam, 
"young,  extremely  lively,  and  pro- 
digiously beautiful.**  She  had  been 
brought  up  in  the  country,  and  treated  as 
a  child,  so  her  naivete  was  quite  ciu>ti- 
vating.  When  she  quitted  the  bmle^ 
groom's  house,  she  said,  "  Good-bye,  sir 
Adam,  good-bye.  I  did  love  you  a  littlo, 
upon  my  word,  and  should  be  really  un- 
happy if  I  did  not  know  that  your  hap- 
piness will  be  infinitely  greater  with  your 
first  wife.** 

Mr,  Contest,  the  grown-up  son  of  sir 
Adam,  by  his  first  wke.— Mrs.  Inohbald, 
The  Wedding  Jk^  (179a). 

Continenoe. 

Alkxamdkb  thb  Grbat  having 
gained  the  battle  of  Issns  (b;o.  9^), 
the  family  of  king  Darius  fell  into  hie 
hands;  but  he  treated  the  ladies  as 
queens,  and  observed  the  greatest  deeo- 
Tum  towards  them.  A  eunuch,  having 
escaped,  told  Darius  that  his  wife  re- 
mained unspotted,  for  Alexander  had 
shown  himself  the  most  continent  and 

r 


CONTRACTIONS. 


tlO 


COPPERFIELD. 


gjBPCfous  of  men. — ^Arriao,  Anaibasii  of 
JUixaniUr^  iv.  20. 

Scirio  AfricXxus,  after  the  conquest 
of  Spain,  refused  to  touch  a  beautiful 
prinoese  who  had  fallen  into  his  hands, 
**  lest  he  should  be  tempted  to  forj^t  his 
principles.'*  It  is,  moreover,  said  that 
ne  sent  her  bock  to  her  parents  with 
presents,  that  she  might  marry  the  man 
to  whom  she  Tas  betrothed.  A  silver 
shield,  on  which  this  incident  was  de- 
picted, was  found  in  the  river  Rhone  by 
some  fishermen  in  the  seventeenth  cen- 
tury. 

r«n  Bdpio.  or  a  victor  Tct  mor*  cold. 
Mlgbt  hktt  fotioC  Ms  vfrtiw  at  fm  debt 

N.  Bovo.  Trnmarlom^  uTs  (ITOt). 

AirsoN,  when  he  took  the  Senhora 
Theresa  de  Jeeus^  refused  even  to  see 
the  three  Spanish  ladies  who  formed 
part  of  the  prize,  because  he  was  resolved 
to  prevent  private  scandaL  The  three 
ladies  consisted  of  a  mother  and  her  two 
daughters,  the  younger  of  whom  was  **of 
surpassing  beauty." 

Contractions.  The  following  ii 
probably  the  most  remarkable: — "  Utaca- 
mund"  is  by  the  English  called  Ooty 
(India).  **  (^olroondeley,**  contractel 
into  Qramly,  is  another  remarkable 
example. 

Conven'tual  Friars  are  those  who 
live  in  cotioeii/«,  contrary  to  the  rule  of 
St.     Francis,     who    enjoined    absolute 

Eoverty,  l^ithout  land,  books,  chapel,  or 
ouse.  Those  who  conform  to  the  rule 
of  the  founder  are  called  **  Observant 
Friars." 

Conversation  Sharp,  Richard 
Sharp,  tiie  critic  (1759-1836). 

Cook  who  Exiled  Himself  ( The), 
Vatd  killed  himself  in  1671,  because 
the  lobster  for  his  turbot  sauce  did  not 
arrive  in  time  to  be  served  up  at  the 
banquet  at  Chantilly,  given  by  tiie  prince 
de  Condtf  to  the  king* 

Cooks  (  Wdgee  received  by).  In  Rome 
as  much  as  £800  a  year  was  given  to  a 
chef  de  cuisine;  but  Car^me  received 
£1000  a  year. 

Cooks  of  Modem  Times. 
Cardme,  called  "The  Regenerator  of 
Cookery"  (1784-1833).  Charles  Elm^ 
FtmncatcUi,  cook  at  Crockford*s,  then 
in  the  Royal  Household,  and  lastly  at 
the  Reform  Club  (1805-1876).  tjde, 
Gouffe',  and  Alexis  Soyer,  the  last  of 
whom  died  in  1868. 


Cookery  {Regenerator  of),  Cu^oBf 
(1784-1833).. 

(Ude,  Oouffd,  and  Soyer  were  also 
regenerators  of  this  art.) 

Cooper  (Anthony  Ashly),  eari  of 
Shaftesbury,  introduced  by  sir  W.  Scott 
in  Pet)erU  of  the  Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Cooper  (Do  you  want  a)  f  that  is,  **  Do 
you  want  to  taste  the  wines  ?  "  This  ques- 
tion is  addressed  to  those  who  have  an 
order  to  visit  the  London  docks.  The 
** cooper"  bores  the  casks,  and  gives  the 
visitor  the  wine  to  taste. 

Cophefua  or  Copetliua, »  mythi- 
cal king  of  Africa,  of  great  wealth,  who 
fell  in  love  with  a  beggar-girl,  and 
married  her.  Her  name  was  Penel'o^on, 
but  Shakespeare  writes  it  Zenel'o^n  in 
XoM*s£<i6oiir's/;os^,activ.  scl.  Tenny- 
son has  versified  the  tale  in  The  Beg^far- 
ifa*rf.— Percy,  Reliques,  I.  iL  6. 

Copley  {8tr  Thomas),  in  attendance 
on  the  earl  of  Leicester  at  Woodstock. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  KenUvDorth  (time,  Eliza- 
beth). 

Copper  Captain  {A),  Michael 
Perez,  a  captain  without  money,  but 
with  a  plentiful  stock  of  pretence,  who 
seeks  to  make  a  market  of  his  person  and 
commission  by  marrying  an  heiress.  He 
is  caught  in  his  own  trap,  for  he  marries 
Estifania,  a  woman  of  intrigue^  £anc3ring 
her  to  be  the  heiress  Maigantta.  The 
captain  gives  the  lady  **  pearls,"  but  they 
are  only  whitings*  eyes.  His  wife  says 
to  him : 

Hero's  •  goodly  Jevtl  .  .  . 
IHdroaiioCwfa)ttilistQoMta.(mDtalot.  . 
8m  bow  it  q««rkl«.  Ilk*  an  old  ladjrtffrM  •  •  • 
And  bera'ia  eb»ln  of  whltiovi*  cjfw  for  p«*fto  .  . 
Yo«r  dotlMi  are  paralMs  to  Umm.  all  enuiMrMlk 
Put  thoe  aud  ttaeoi  ua,  yov're  •  omui  of  coivv. 
Aooppar.  .  .  .  eo|i|Mr  captain. 

Baaamont  and  Fhtebar.  MmU  •  WV 


(W.  Lewis  (1748-1811)  was  famous  in 

this  character :  but  Robert  Wilks  (1670- 

1732)  was  wholly  unrivalled.) 

Tba  old  fltasi  critics  ddlghtwl  In  tfaa  "Oopiw  Gap. 
tain  ; "  it  vai  the  lost  for  «vm7  oeniedlan.  It  ooidd  bo 
worked  on  like  a  picture,  and  new  readinfi  gtaen.  Hera 
It  ouMt  be  admitted  that  WUka  laid  ■•  rivaL-Miiseraid. 


Copperfield  {David),  the  hero  of  a 
novel  so  called,  bv  C.  Dickens.  David 
is  Dickens  himself,  and  Mlcawber  in 
Dickens's  father.  According  to  the  tale, 
David's  mother  was  nursery  governess  in 
a  family  where  Mr.  Copperfield  visited. 
At  the  death  of  Mr.  Copperfield,  the 
widow   married    Edward    Murdstone,  a 


C0PPKBHEAD8. 


311 


OORDEUA. 


kudi  t^riannical  nan,  who  made  the 
home  of  David  a  dread  and  terror  to 
the  boy.  When  his  mother  died,  Muid- 
■tone  tent  David  to  lodge  with  the 
Micawbera,  and  boond  him  apprentice  to 
Mans.  Mmdstoae  and  Grinby,  by  whom 
he  was  pat  into  the  wanhooMj  and  set  to 
uste  labeb  upon  wine  and  spirit  bottles. 
bcvid  soon  became  tired  of  this  dreary 
work,  and  ran  away  to  Dover,  where  he 
vas  kindly  received  by  his  [greatj-aunt 
Betsey  Tiotwood,  who  clothed  him,  and 
•eat  him  as  day-boy  to  Dr.  iHrons,  but 
pUoed  him  to  board  with  Mr.  Wickfield, 
s  lawyer,  father  of  A^nes,  between  whom 
sad  l>avid  a  mutual  attachment  spnns 
■p.  David's  first  wife  was  Dom  Spen^ 
!ov,  bat  aft  the  death  of  this  pretty  Little 
**  child-wife.**  he  married  Agnes  Wick- 
ieU.— C    Dickens,     David    Coppcrfield 

(iwa). 

Copperheads,  members  of  a  faction 
m  the  uorth,  <ioniu:  the  civil  war  in  the 
United  States.  The  copperiiead  is  a 
peifleaona  serpent,  that  gives  no  warning 
^  its  approach,  and  hence  is  a  type  of  a 
fsneeafad  or  secret  foe.  (The  Trigono- 
ctpkihu  ootUurtnx,) 

CoppemOfle  (8  #y/.).  Henry  Vllf . 
vas  lo  called,  because  he  mixed  so  much 
copfier  with  tlie  silver  coin  that  it  showed 
sfter  a  little  wear  in  the  parts  most  pro- 
BooBced,  as  tiie  nose.  Hence  the  sobri- 
ma  "Copperoosed  Harry,**  **Ohi 
Upperaoae.^  etc 

Oopple,  the  hen  killed  by  Reynard, 
b  the  beast-epic  called  Beynard  the  Fox 

Gora»  the  gentle,  lovim;  wife  of 
ikuo,  aed  the  kind  friend  of  Rolla 
pneial  of  the  Pemvian  army. — Sheridan, 
Asorro  (altered  from  Kotzebue,  1799). 

Oo'rmll,  in  Dryden*s  satire  of  Ai>$a-' 
km  oai  AckUopM,  is  meant  for  Dr.  Titus 
Ofetes.  As  Corah  was  the  political  calnm- 
■star  •f  Moses  and  Aaron,  so  Titus 
Ostcs  was  the  political  calumniator  of  the 
pope  and  English  papists.  As  Corah  was 
pmisbed  by  **  going  down  alive  into  the 
pit,*" so  Gates  was  "condemned  to  im- 
pneofiment  for  life,**  after  being  publicly 
vkipped  ard  exposed  in  the  pillory. 
Kocth  describes  Titus  Gates  as  a  very  short 
■ka,  and  sa3rs,  **  if  his  mouth  were  taken 
fsr  the  centre  of  a  circle,  his  chin^  fore- 
ksMl,  and  cheekbones  would  fall  in  the 
aesoBfcreace.** 


Burproad: 


HIi  long  dthi  proved  hit  wit  •  bU  nlat^k^ 
A  Okiicb  varmilion.  mmI  •  Uo*m'  face ; 
His  m—iniy  miracoloMly  groat 


Oonld  pkrta.  mundioM  naui's  bslicT.  repeat 

Corbao'oio  (Signior)^  the  dupe  of 
Mosca  the  knavish  confederate  of  Vol'- 
pone  (2  sy/.).  He  is  an  old  man,  with 
"seeing  and  hearing  faint,  and  under- 
standing dulled  to  dtildishness,**  yet  he 
wishes  to  live  on,  and 

Feeis  BoC  Ma  t*at  >or  P«>V :  MgrnMiiMalf 
Younfer  bv  teott  <d  jmn  -,  ftuten  bit  as* 
Wkh  oonfldent  beljinc  it :  hopes  be  tiMgr 
WUb  dumw.  like  Mmtn,  have  bit  yvvth  raalorkd. 
Ben  Joiuon.  Tvt^tmm  er  th»  Fbat  {1SQS)l 

BaBjamla  Johnaon  (1S8»-174S]  .  .  .   ■remeJ  to  be 
i  tovear  the  poet's  doable  name,  aod  wm  particn- 
great  in  all  tliat  author's  plars  tliat  were  usualtr 
formed,  vtx.,  "  Wasp."  hi  SUrrAo/omew  F^mtr;    "  Cor. 
cto:"" Morose."  bi  r*«X</«n<  Vfmm»;  aad  "Ana- 
nias," In Th» Ahlumittt.    Cbotwood. 

C  Dibdin  says  none  who  ever  saw  W. 
Pkusons{1786.1795) in  **Corbaccio** could 
forget  his  effective  mode  of  exclaiming 
*'  Has  he  made  his  wiU?  What  has  he 
given  me?"  but  Parsons  himself  says: 
**  Ah !  to  see  *  Corbaccio  *  acted  to  per- 
fection, you  should  have  seen  Shuter. 
The  public  are  pleased  to  think  that  I  act 
that  part  well,  out  his  acting  was  as  far 
superior  to  mine  as  mount  Vesuvius  is  to 
a  rushlight.** 

Cor'bant,  the  rook,  in  the  beast-epic 
of  Eeynard  the  Fox  (1498).  (French, 
oordtfcm,  **a  rook.'*) 

Corbrech'tan  or  Corybrechtan, 

%  whirlpool  on  the  west  coast  of  Scotland, 
near  the  isle  of  Jura.  Its  name  si^ifies 
**  Whirlpool  of  the  prince  of  Denmark,** 
from  the  tradition  that  a  Dmiish  prince 
once  wagered  to  cast  anchor  in  it,  but 
perished  in  his  foolhardiness.  In  calm 
weather  the  sound  of  the  vortex  is  like 
that  of  innumerable  chariots  driven  with 
speed. 

Ibe  distant  Ues  that  bear  tha  load  Corbrechtan  roar. 
Campbell,  0<rtruda  ^  Wymming,  \.  6  (ISOS). 

Coroe'oa  (8  sy/.),  mother  of  Abessa. 
The  word  means  **  blindness  of  heart,"  or 
Romanism.  Una  sought  shelter  under 
her  hut.  but  Corceca  shut  the  door 
against  ner ;  whereupon  the  lion  which 
accompanied  Una  broke  down  the  door. 
The  **  lion  **  means  England^  **  Corceca  ** 
ry,     "  Una  **     proUstcmttsm,     and 


>reaking  down  the  door  **  Vm  RefomiO' 
<Mm.-^penser,  Fairy  Queen,  L  8  (l^^)* 

Ck>rde'lia,  youngest  daughter  of  kia£ 
Lear.  She  was  disinherited  oy  her  royiu 
fihther,  because  her  protestations  of  love 
were  less  violent  than  those  of  her  sisters. 
Cordelia  married  the  king  of  France,  anl 


CORFLAMBO. 


212 


CORmTHIAK  SRASS. 


when  her*  two  elder  natoni  refused  to 
entertun  the  old  king  with  his  suite,  she 
brought  an  army  over  to  dethrone  them. 
She  was,  however,  taken  captive,  thrown 
into  prison,  and  died  there. 


Oenttt.  and  lum;  ma  eanlknt  thing  In 
BbtkMpmM,  Kimg  Lmr,  net  v. 


saaoi). 


Corflam'bo,  the  ^rsonification  <* 
sensuality,  a  giant  killed  by  Arthur. 
Corflambo  had  a  daughter  named  Piea'na, 
who  married  Placldas,  and  proved  a  ^ood 
wife  to  him. — Spenser,  FaStry  Qvuen^  iv.  8 
(1696). 

Coriat  {Thomati).  died  1617,  autibor 
of  a  book  called  Crudities, 

BarfdM,  tb  known  b«  eooM  ipaak  GrMk, 
As  natiindlx  M  pifi  do  aquaalL 
Uooal  Cmufldd.  /VnM^yrfo  r^rwm  «n  T.  CmriaL 

Bat  If  Um  maaning  w«ro  m  fu-  to  mtk 
As  Cortart  bovw  WM  of  hU  oMMr"!  OrMk. 
Wben  In  that  tonfue  IM  made  a  ttMch  ftt  leostk. 
To  shov  tha  heart  tba  graatnan  or  hit  strength. 

6.  WIthv.  Abmm  8$Htii  mm*  WUf€  (MllK 

CJor*!!!.  "the  faithful  shepherdess," 
who  having  lost  hor  true  love  by  death, 
retired  from  the  busy  world,  remained  a 
virgin  for  the  rest  of  her  life,  and  was 
called  "  The  Virgin  of  the  Grove."  The 
shepherd  Thenot  (final  t  pronounced)  fell 
in  love  with  her  for  her  "  fidelity,"  and 
to  cure  him  of  his  attachment  she  pre- 
tended to  love  him  in  return.  This  broke 
the  charm,  and  Thenot  no  longer  felt 
that  reverence  of  love  he  before  enter- 
tained. Corm  was  skilled  "  in  the  dark, 
hidden  virtuous  use  of  herbs,**  and  says  * 

OTaD  greaa  ivoands  I  know  tha  ramadief 
In  men  aad  cattla.  ba  thar  itang  hjr  maken 
Or  cfaannad  wHh  poWarfiil  wank  or  wkkad  art. 
Or  be  thcx  loTprirt 
lohn  Flatctaar.  fM  ntUkful  SS*pkmr4«m,  L  1  USlt). 

Cbr'tn,  Corin'mu  (8  *y/.),  or  CorinPus 
(4  syi.)t  "  stron^t  of  mortal  men,**  and 
one  of  &e  suite  of  Brute  (the  first 
mythical  king  of  Britain).    (See  Com- 

NKUS.) 

Fram  Corin  cana  it  flrrtt    [i.A  lft«  CtornM  Amt  i« 
irrstfrtmrl 

^  M.  Dragrtan.  Nl^m»m,  L  OSm. 

CorinetiB  (8  syL).  Southey  throws 
{he  accent  on  tbe  first  syllable,  and  Spen- 
ser on  the  second.  One  of  the  suite  of 
Brute.  He  overthrew  the  giant  GoCm'- 
agot,  for  which  achievement  he  was 
rewarded  with  the  whole  western  horn  of 
EngUuid,  hence  called  Corin'ea,  and  the 
inhabitants  Corin'eans.    (See  Corin.) 

OarinaM  challanfed  tha  glaBtio  wreetla  with  htak  At 
th«  begianlng  o(  iba  ancoanter,  Corhiaus  and  tha  giant 
•Canding  f'ont  to  fTonl  held  each  other  stronglr  hi  their 
aruM.  and  panted  akHid  for  braath ;  bat  GoAniagot  pr»> 
•anUy  gnupioK  C-orlnaus  with  all  his  might  broke  three 
of  hb  ribs,  two  ou  bis  rli^t  Ala  and  one  on  his  left  At 
vHkS  Corlneoi,  hlaWjr  eanaed.  rowed  ap  bk  whola 
Mt  Jt^th.  and  iatfn'*g  op  tha  flant.  rua  with  hun  da 


I  to  (be  n  night 
•tibm  toil  of  a  biA  rock,  hurled  the  moniter  Into 
.  .  .  Tb«  placa  whare  ha  fed  Is  called  Lam  < 
OoanatfotVUiV  to  this  di^.-OaoONgr.  BrUkK 
LlSiUM). 

Whan  buhar  Brateand  Carlneos  set  too* 

Ub  the  White  Island  flnt  

SeuUiey.  JtaSoe.  rL  q«i^ 

Oorl'bcvi  liMd  that  provlMe  olBMit  weak 

iBpeueer.  Ai#nr  Quam.  IL  10  (IBBSI. 

Drayton  makes  the  name  a  word  of 
four  syllables,  and  throws  the  accent  oa 
the  last  but  one. 

Whkh  to  their  geMrel  then  great  Oortooiis  had. 
Drvton.  AtfycWem  L  UClSV 

Oofrizma,  a  Greek  poeteaa  of  B«BOitia» 
who  gained  a  victory  over  Pindar  at  tkb 
public  games  (fl.  b.c.  490). 

...  vUBf  nlsaS 
A  tent  of  satin,  elaborately  wrooght 
with  Mr  Ooriniia's  triumph. 

T— ayaon.  Ae, 


Corinna,  daughter  of  Gripe  the  scri- 

Tener.    Sne  marries   Dick   Amlet. — 8ir 

John  Yanbrogh,  The  Confederacy  (leSfr). 

Bee  threljr  PODa  advaaoa  hi  Ig  and  ttll^ 

•*  OorfaiMi.'*  ^Chetnr.'*  **  Honeyesmb."  and  **8m^  % 

Not  without  art,  but  yet  tu  nature  true. 

She  cfaanM  Iba  town  with  tnnnour  Just  yet  Mw. 

ChawhUl.  Amiarf  UTlHi 


Corinne'  (2  syl,)^  the  heroine  and  titl« 
of  a  ikov'^l  by  Mde.  de  Sta5l.  Her  lover 
proved  false,  and  the  maiden  gradually 
pined  away. 

Oorinth.  '  Tit  not  every  <me  %oko  «m 
afford  to  go  to  Oon'nM,  ** 'tis  not  every  one 
who  can  afford  to  indul^  in  verv  expen- 
sive licentiousness.**  AristotAanes  speaks 
of  the  unheard-of  sons  <«mowitmg  to 
£200  or  more)  demanded  by  the  harlots  «< 
Corinth.— Plutarch,  ParalUi  Lives,  L  2. 

Mod  eahrla  homlnnm  oontlnglt  adira  CorlnthoaK. 


A  Cortnthum,  a  rake,  a  '^Tast  man.** 
Prince  Henrv  says  (1  ffenry  IV,  act  ii. 
sc.  4),  "[7*A^t/]  ten  me  I  am  no  proud 
Jack,  like  Faistaff,  but  a  Coriathiaa,  a 
lad  of  mettle.'* 

CorhUkianiem,  harlotry* 

To  OorhUkkmiae^  te  live  «a  idle  dis- 
sipated life. 

Ck)rlnthiBn  {To  act  the)^  to  becomes 
pie  pubUque,  Corinth  was  called  tiie 
nursery  of  harlots,  in  consequence  of  the 
temple  of  Venus,  which  was  a  vast  and 
maleficent  brotheL  Strabo  says  {Geog* 
viii. ) :  *  *  There  wero  no  fewer  ttum  a  thou- 
sana  harlots  in  Corinth.** 

Corinthiaa  Brass,  a  mixture  of 

gold,  silver,  and  brass,  ifhich  forms  ths 
ent  of  all  mixed  metals.    When  Mwn- 
mius  iot  Hts  to  Corinth,  the  faeai  of  tha 


CORINTHIAN  TOM. 


213 


CORMORAN. 


eonibgimtioa  was  so  great  that  it  melted 
tiie  metal,  which  ran  down  the  streets  in 
i^reams.  The  thiee  mentioned  above  ran 
tocether,  and    obtained    the    name    of 

lOdak  a  ni^  be  of  "Oorbithiui  bMB.- 
I  a  Mfstn*  of  an  BMali^  bat 


(he 


itavossi). 

Coriiifhian  Tom,  «a  fast  man," 
^-    take  m  Pierce  £gan*s  lAfe  m 


CarMahnm  (Cams  IfarcnM),  called 
CorioUaos  from  his  vietery  at  Cori'oli. 
His  aiocher  was  Vetu'ria  (not  Voiwmia), 
•ad  his  wife  Yolumnia  (not  VirgiUa), 
^akenieare  has  a  drama  so  called.  La 
Rsipe hssalso  adiama  entitled  Coriolan, 
produced  hi  1781.— Livy,  Annats^  U.  40. 


vitb  Um  trhoapb 
■^  B^  «wdw  latMkmOm  olkj  wbicta  flMh«l 
>««•  Mi  ai  ap  kar  viMli  fac%  Ilka  tfa»  ^he(  VM 


Corit&'ni,  the  people  of  Lincofaishire, 
Mttiac^amshini,  Dcrbjrshiie,  Leicester- 
■hire»  Ratlandakbre^  and  Northampton* 
ihia.    Diayton   iclera  to   them  in  his 


Cork  Street  (London).  8b  called 
fnm  die  Boyles,  earls  of  Burlington  and 
Coik.    (See  Clifpobd  SniKirr.) 

Oanuae  L,  eon  of  Onar,  a  Osel,  who 
Moecededhisfithcraa  *^kin^of  Irehind,** 
sod  reigned  many  years.  In  the  latter 
PHtof  his  reign  the  Fir-bolg  (or  Belgie 
HtU-d  in  the  sooth  of  Ireland),  who  had 
WflB  sakjogsted  by  Omar,  rebelled,  and 
Cnfsawaa  reduced  to  snch  extiamities 
tbt  he  sent  to  Fingal  for  aid.  Fingal 
v«t  with  a  laiige  army,  utterly  defeated 
CoIeaUa  *'lord  of  Atha,*"  and  re-estab- 
btbed  Cormac  in  the  sole  possession  of 
IrelsBd.  For  this  service  Uormac  gave 
Rngal  his  daughter  Roscra'na  for  wife, 
•wiOisiaa  was  their  first  son.  Cormac  I. 
vit  ncceeded  hnr  his  son  Cairbre ;  Cair^ 
bte^his  son  Artho:  Artho  by  his  son 
Comae  II.  (a  minor; ;  and  Cormac  II. 
sto  a  short  interrenium)  by  Ferad- 
Artho.    "    -  -•        /     ^ 


Gormao  H.  (a  minor},  king  of  Ire- 
bad.  On  his  suooeedinf  his  father  Artho 
on  tile  throne,  Swaran  aing  of  Lochlin 
[Samdmacia]  invaded  Irehmd,  and  d&- 
nsled  the  army  onder  the  command  of 
^^nlttn.  Fiiigal*B  arrival  turned  the 
fidi  of  cventSi  for  next  dmj  Swaian  was 


routed  and  letamed  to  Lochlin.  In  the 
third  year  of  his  reign  Torlath  rebelled, 
but  was  utterly  discomfited  at  lake  Lego 
by  Cuthullin,  who,  however,  was  himself 
mortally  wounded  bv  a  random  arrow 
during  the  pnrwit.  Not  long  after  this 
Cairbar  rose  in  inflnrrection,  murdered 
the  young  king,  and  usurped  the  govern- 
ment. His  success,  "however,  was  only  of 
short  duration,  for  having  invited  Oscar 
to  a  feast,  he  treacherously  slew  him,  and 
was  himself  slain  at  the  same  time.  His 
brother  Cathmor  succeeded  for  a  few 
days,  when  he  also  was  shun  in  battle  by 
Fin^d,  and  the  Conar  dynasty  restored. 
Conar  (first  king  of  Ireland,  a  Cale- 
donian) was  succeeded  by  bis  son 
(>>rmac  I.:  Cormac  I.  was  succeeded  by 
his  son  Cairbre;  Cairbre  by  his  son 
Artho;  Artho  by  his  son  Cormac  IL; 
and  Cormac  II.  (after  a  short  inter- 
regnum) by  his  cousin  Ferad-Artho. — 
Ossian,  Fmgaly  Dar-ThtUoy  and  Temora, 

Oor'mack  {Donald),  a  Highhwd 
robber-chief.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Fair  Maid 
of  Perth  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

Oor'^nalo,  a  "  chief  of  ten  thousand 
spears,**  who  lived  near  the  wate*^  of 
Lano  (a  Scandinavian  lake).  He  went  to 
Inis-Thona  (an  isUnd  oi  Scandinavia),  to 
the  court  of  king  Annir,  and  **  sought  the 
honour  of  the  spear  "  (t.*.  a  tournament). 
Argon,  the  elder  son  of  Annir^lted  with 
him  and  overthrew  him.  This  vexed 
Cormalo  greatly,  and  during  a  hunting 
expedition  he  drew  his  bow  in  secret 
and  shot  both  Argon  and  his  brother 
Ruro.  Their  father  wondered  they  did 
not  return,  when  their  dog  Runa  came 
bounding  into  the  hall,  howling  so  as  to 
attract  attention.  Annir  followed  tbe 
hound,  and  found  his  sons  both  dead. 
In  the  mean  time  his  daughter  was  carried 
off  by  Cormalo.  When  Oscar^  son  of 
Osnan,  heard  thereof,  he  vowed  voigeance, 
went  with  an  army  to  Lano,  encountered 
Cormalo,  and  slew  him.  lliai  rescuing 
the  daughter,  he  took  her  back  to  Inis- 
Thona,  and  delivered  her  to  her  fiither. — 
Ossian,  The  War  of  Inis-Thona, 

Cor'moraa'  (The  Qiant)^  a  Cornish 
giant  shun  by  Jack  the  Giant-kiUer. 
lliis  was  his  first  exploit,  accomplished 
when  ha  was  a  mere  boy.  Jack  dug  a 
deep  pit,  and  so  artfully  filmed  it  over 
atop,  that  the  giant  fell  into  it,  where- 
upon Jack  knocked  him  on  the  head  and 
killed  him. 

iMAof 


CORNAVII. 


214 


CORSAIR. 


Ib  dM  Snindlnavlu  vWitoTTbor  to  LoM.  wbioli  ki 
4am»  to  Gmimmy  Ui  rh»  Ar«iM  XMI*  Fis<tor.  and  to  » 
In  Jmek  tk«  Otant-H  l«r.— Yooflo. 

Thii  b  tb«  TalLuit  CWnW)  qmui 
Wbo  klUed  the  giant  Oonnorui. 

Jack  tk0  Uimmt  UUmr  (duimit  tale). 

Ck>maviiy  the  inhabitants  of  Che- 
•hire,  Shropshire,  Staffordriiire,  Warwick- 
shire, and  Worcestershire.  Drayton 
refers  to  them  in  his  Folyotbkmj  xri. 
(1613). 

Cornelia^  wife  of  Titos  Sempronios 
Gracchus,  and  mother  of  the  two  tribunes 
Tiberius  and  Caius.  She  was  almost 
idolized  by  the  Romans,  who  erected  a 
statue  in  her  honour,  with  this  inscription : 
Cornelia,  Mothkr  op  the  Gracchi. 

Cklls.  Cornelia.  .  .  .  and  the  Roman  brows 
OfAcripplaa. 

Tmtnywn,  Tk»  Pi  Inttm,  0. 


Comer  (7^).  So  Tattersairs  used 
to  bo  called. 

I  nv adTertUed  a iplondid  park  hack^and  .  .  .  fanmo* 
diateir  procreded  to  the  Oomor.— Lotd  W.  LenMB,  CWo> 
britie$.  eCft.  U.  U. 

Comet,  a  waiting-woman  on  lady 
Fanciful.  She  caused  great  offence 
because  she  did  not  flatter  ner  ladyship. 
She  actually  said  to  her,  "Your  lady- 
ship looks  very  ill  this  morning,**  which 
tbe  French  waiting-woman  contradicted 
by  saving.  '*  My  opinion  be,  matam,  dat 
your  UtYship  never  look  so  well  in  all 
your  life.**  Lady  Fanciful  said  to 
Comet,  "Get  out  of  the  room,  I  can*t 
endure  yon ;  **  and  then  turning  to  Mdlle. 
she  added,  "This  wench  is  insufferably 
ugly.  .  .  .  Oh,  by-the-by,  Mdlle.,  vou 
can  take  these  two  pair  of  gloves.  1*he 
French  are  certainly  well-mannered,  and 
never  flatter.'*  — ^Va'nbrugh,  The  Provoked 
Wife  (ir,97). 

%*  This  is  of  a  piece  with  the  arch- 
bishop of  Granada  and  his  secretary  Gil 

Comey  (Mrs.),  matron  of  the  work- 
house where  Oliver  Twist  was  bom.  She 
is  a  well-to-do  widow,  who  marries  Bum- 
ble, and  reduces  tbe  pompous  beadle  to  a 
hen-pecked  husband. — C.  Dickens,  Oliver 
Ttrisi,  xxzvii.  (1837). 

Cornflower  (Henry)  ^  a  farmer,  who 
"beneath  a  rough  outside,  possessed  a 
heart  which  would  have  done  honoor  to 
a  prince.** 

Mr9»  Cornflower  (b^  birth  Emma  Bel- 
ton),  the  farmer's  wife,  abducted  by  sir 
Charles  CourUy.— Dibdin,  Th€  Farmer's 
Wi/€  (1780). 

Comiole  (4  8yl,)f  the  cognomen 
given   to   Giovanni  Bernard!,  Hm  great 


cornelian  engraver,  in  the  time  of  Lorenzo 
di  Medici.  He  was  called  "Giovanni 
delle  Comiole**  (1495-1555). 

Com-Law  Rhymer  (The),  Bbc- 
nezer  £Uiot  (1781-1849). 

Comullia,  ComwalL  The  rivers  of 
Cornwall  are  more  or  loss  tinged  with  the 
metals  which  abound  in  those  parts. 

Then  ffrom  tbe latvaet  ■treaainnto the leanr  braok  ... 
Theycori  thetrhoryfhmte.. ..  and  brod  ncfa  cour 
Am  «lrew  down  nunjra  njmipk  [ri»erj  tnm  tkc  < 

TImM  paint  their  fOOdly  UmtiU 

01  OfO. 

M.  Dn««oii.  rotftlHen,  tt.  (MIS). 

Comulbian  Shore  (7^),  Corn- 
wall, famous  for  its  tin  mines.  Mer- 
chants of  ancient  Tyre  and  Sidon  used  to 
export  from  Cornwall  its  tin  in  large 
quantities. 

.  .  .  from  the  Miak  OonMMaa  4ioi«l 
DbpenM  tbe  mlacral  traMara.  whkli  ofeU 
SMonlan  pUotanoRht 


Mprnm  §»  flbe  Jfmtmda. 

Com'Wall  (Barry),  an  imperfect 
anagram  of  Bryan  WaUer  Proctor,  anther 
of  English  Songs  (1788-1874). 

Corombona  (Vittoria),  the  White 
Devil,  the  chief  character  in  a  drama  by 
John  Webster,  entitled  The  WhiU  Devil 
or  Vittoria  Corombona  (1612). 

Coro'nis,  daughter  of  PhorOaens 
(8  svl.)  kin^  of  Pho'cis,  metamorphoaed 
by  Minerva  into  a  crow. 

Corporal  (The  LUUe).  General 
Bonaparte  was  so  called  after  the  battle 
of  Lodi  (1796). 

Corrector  (Alexander  the),  Alex- 
ander Cniden,  author  of  the  Conoordanoe 
to  the  BMe,  for  many  years  a  corrector  of 
the  press,  in  London.  He  believed  him- 
self to  be  divinely  inspired  to  correct  the 
morals  and  manners  of  the  world  (1701- 
1770). 

Corriv'reddn,  an  intermittent 
whirlpool  in  the  Southern  Hebrid^  so 
callea  from  a  Danish  prince  of  thai 
name,  who  perished  there. 

Corrouge'  (2  syU)<,  the  sword  of  sir 
Otuel,  a  presumptuous  Saracen,  nephew 
of  Farracute  (8  syL),  Otuel  was  in  the 
end  converted  to  Christianity. 

Corsair  (Thc)^  lord  Conrad,  after- 
wards called  Lara.  Hearing  that  the 
sultan  Seyd  [Seed]  was  about  to  attack 
the  ^irat<^  he  assumed  the  disguise  o£  « 
dervise  and  entered  the  palace,  while  hit 
crew  set  fire  to  the  sultan*s  fleet  Conmd 
was  apprdiended  and  cast  into  a  dangeoa^ 


OOtSAHD. 


fU 


COSMOS. 


bat  being  released  bv  Galoare  (qneen  of 
tiM  barem),  be  fled  with  her  to  the 
Pintea'Isk.  Here  he  foand  that  Medo'ra 
(bia  bcait*«  darling)  had  died  during  his 
ahicnce.  so  be  left  the  island  with  Gal- 
nare,  retomed  to  his  natiTe  land,  headed 
a  rebdlion,  and  was  shot. — ^Byron,  The 
Oanair^  continaed  in  Lara  (1814). 

(This  tale  is  based  on  the  advontares  of 
Laihte,  the  notorions  buccaneer.  Lafitte 
was  pardooed  bj  general  Jackson  for 
Krrioes  rendered  to  the  States  in  1815, 
daring  tiie  attack  of  the  Britidi  on  New 
Oiieaas.) 

Oor^sand,  a  magistrate  at  the  ex- 
aainatioa  ofDiik  Hatteraick  at  Ripple- 
tringan. — ^r  W.  Scott,  Ouy  ManiCgring 
(tine,  George  II.). 

Conioan  Qeneral  (7^)>  Napoleon 
L,  who  was  bom  in  Corsica  (1769-1821). 

Cor'sina^  wife  of  the  corsair  who 
found  Fairstar  and  Chenr  in  the  boat  as 
it  dxifted  on  the  sea.  Being  made  very 
rich  bj  her  foster-children,  Corsina 
broogfat  tiieni  np  as  princes.— Comteset 
ITAiinoj,  Fairy  Taie*  (**The  Princess 
Fatntar,**  1682). 

Cknte^o^  a  cavalier  servonte,  wno  as 
Byron  says  m  Bej^ : 


;|(»loGMt 
tauaad  ttppti,  fhwca  tad  AmmL 

Wap  It  loriaii  tbM  M>  eortcio  ere 

I  ]«  Um  «haMB  frMD  tb«  y«Mtli  of  BarlBef 

I  Jmmm,  L  M6  (18181. 


Oorti'iiaja  camldnm).  It  stood  on 
tbiee  feet.  The  tripod  of  the  Pythoness 
was  so  called,  because  she  sat  in  a  kind 
gf  basin  standing  on  three  feet.  When 
Bot  in  Bse,  it  was  covered  with  a  lid,  and 
the  basin  tiMn  looked  like  a  large  metal 


Cor'vla  or  Corri'na*  a  valuable 
ftone,  which  will  cause  the  possessor  to 
be  both  rich  and  honoured.  It  is  obtained 
UiBs :  Take  the  ^gs  from  a  crow*s  nest, 
■od  b<»l  them  hard,  then  replace  them  in 
tiie  Best,  and  the  mother  will  go  in  search 
of  the  stooe,  in  order  to  revivify  her 
t^Si,— Mirror  of  Stomeu 

CoiTi'no  (%iMt>r),  a  Yenetian  mer- 
dbaat,  dnned  by  Mosca  into  believing 
tbat  M  is  Vol'pone's  heir. — Ben  Jonson, 
Voipom  ortktFox  (1605). 

Cknyate*8  Cmdities,  a  book  of 
tnveb  hw  Thomas  Coryate,  who  called 
bissalf  the  "Odcombian  Legstretcher." 
He  WIS  the  sob  of  the  vector  oH  Odcombe 

(un-iiiT). 


Coryc'ian  Cave  (r/#c),  on  mount 
Parnassus,  so  called  firom  the  nymph 
Coryc^  Sometimes  the  Muses  are  called 

Oorycfidtt  (4  sy/.). 


1b«  InoMrtal  Mow 
Td  roar  «ln  babltatioMk  tothtcav* 
Oandu.  or  tk«  OdsMe  aKMBl.  «l 
HliioaMapft 

AkcBrida.  Bwmn  C»  M«  KmkiSi. 

Coryoiaii  Kjnnphft  (7^),  the 
Muses,  so  called  from  tne  cave  of  (^ryc!a 
on  Lycorea,  one  of  the  two  chief  summits 
of  mount  Parnassus,  in  Greece. 

Cor'ydoii,  a  common  name  for  a 
shephera.  It  occurs  in  the  IdulU  of 
Tbeocritos;  the  Ecloffxtea  of  "largil; 
The  Cantata,  v.,  of  Hughes,  etc 

Cor'ydon^  the  shepherd  who  languished 
for  the  fair  Pastorella  (canto  9).  Sir 
Calidore,  the  successful  rival,  treated  him 
most  courteously,  and  when  he  married 
the  fair  shepherdess,  gave  Corydon  both 
flocks  and  nerds  to  mitigate  his  dis- 
appointment (canto  11). — Spenser,  Fair}/ 
Qtteen,  vi.  (1596). 

Oor^udony  the  shoemaker,  a  citixcn.^- 
Sir  W.  Scott,  O/tmt  Jiobert  of  Farit 
(time,  Rufus). 

Ck>r7phnu8  of  German  Iiitera- 
txire  (7^),  Goethe. 

\1M  Polfah  po«C  adlwl  ami  .  .  .  th«  r«^  Cut|»h— ■ 
of  Gmmam  W^mImi.— W.lLM<wfail.  MwmmmAqimrim, 

Coryphe'us  (4  sy/.),  a  model  man  or 

leader,  from  the  KorufJuuos  or  leader  of 

the  chorus  in  the  Greek  drama.     Aris- 

tarchos  is  called  The  Corypheut  of  Gram' 

marians, 

I  w  Iq  low  wf  01  boiMniTa  tnd  nttctta  wHn 
UMKltboold  laafor  tlM  OoiTphciit  of  all 
eU  BUM,  It.  7  (17M). 


CoBxne  (^.)i  patron  of  surgeons, 
bom  in  Arabia.  He  practised  medicine 
in  Cilicia  with  his  brother  St.  Damien, 
and  both  suffered  martyrdom  under  Dio- 
cletian iii  803  or  810.  Their  fete  day  is 
December  27,  In  the  twelfth  century 
there  was  a  medical  society  called  SauM 
Cosme, 

Ooe'miel  (3  sy«.),  the  genius  of  the 
world.  He  ^vc  to  Theodidactos  a  boat 
of  asbestos,  in  which  he  sailed  to  the  sun 
and  planets.— Kircher,  Fcttatic  Joumejf 
to  Heaven, 

Ooemos.  the  personification  of  '*  the 
worid**  as  the  enemy  of  man.  Phineas 
Fletcher  calls  him  "  the  first  son  to  the 
Dragon  red**  {the  devii).  ''Mistake," 
he  says,  *«points  all  his  darts;**  or,  aa  Im 


OOSTAkll. 


a»       COUNT  ROBEBT  OF  IRAKIS. 


Preacher  laya,  <*  Vanity,  yanity,  all  U 
\iuiitr."  Folly  described  in  The  Purpit 
/s^vwt,  tUL  (1683).  (Greek,  AMffiot,'«  the 
world.") 

Cos'taord*  a  down  who  apes  the  court 
wita  of  queen  Elizabeth*^  time.  He  uses 
the  wora  **  honorificabilitudinitatibus,** 
and  some  of  his  blunders  are  veij  ridi- 
culous, as  "ad  dunghill,  at  the  fingers* 
ends,  as  they  say"  (act  ▼.  1). — Shake- 
speare, Love's  Labom'%  Lost  (1594). 

Costin  {Lord)y  disguised  as  a  b^ffgar, 
in  The  Beggar's  hneh^  a  drama  by  Bwu- 
mont^d  Fletcher  (1622). 

Cote  Male-tail^  (^),  neaning  the 
'*  knight  with  the  villainous  coat,^  the 
nickname  given  by  sir  Key  (the  seneschal 
of  king  Arthur)  to  sir  Brewnor  le  No^'re, 
a  young  kni^^ht  who  wore  his  father's 
coat  wiu  all  its  sword-cuts,  to  keep  him 
in  remembrance  of  the  vengeance  due  to 
his  father.  His  first  achievement  was 
to  kill  a  lion  that  **had  broken  loose 
from  a  tower,  and  came  hurting  after  the 
oueen.**  He  married  a  damsel  called 
Haledisaunt  (8  sy/.),  who  loved  him,  bui 
always  chided  him.  After  her  marriagv 
she  was  called  Beauvinant  —  Sir  T. 
Malorv,  History  of  Prmoe  Arthur^  it  42- 
60  (14^0). 

OotTt^,  goddiess  of  te  Edflni  of 
Thrace.  Her  orgies  resembled  those  of 
the  Tbracian  Cyl/eld  (8  syL), 


HaftgoSiBMor 

DNrii.««ikd  Ootnio.  10  vlkoai  tha  Mowt 

Of  midnifbt  torchm  bums. 

MUlOil.  OMMMk  Uik  «l 


le.(lOD. 

Cougar,  the  American  tiger. 

X<r  f— niMi  tben.  Bor  congM's  crouch  I  fMrad* 
For  I  WM  iXtong  m  taMmUln  eatantct 
OunpbaU.  «r«r(nMl«^  ITyoNUfv.  UL  14(18««). 

Coulin,  a  British  giant  pursued  by 
Debon  till  he  came  to  a  chasm  132  fbet 
across  which  he  leaped  :  but  slipping  on 
the  opposite  side,  he  fell  backwards  into 
the  pit  and  was  killed. 

And  •%•  U»a  anpb  pit  mC  Stf  iwovaad 
For  the  gremt  Mp  wtik  h  Debon  dl  1  comiMll 

GwUo  to  miike.  bang  Hght  lugi  of  groimdt 
Into  tlM  wbld)  rBtaurning  iMck  be  felL 

Spenaer,  #W<rr  ^mmm,  it.  10  (UM). 

Oo\m!OX\B((Ecvmeniod[).  Of  the  thirty- 
two  only  six  are  recognized  by  the  Church 
of  England,  viz.:  (1)  Nice,  825;  (2) 
Constantinople,  881 ;  (3)  Ephesus,  431 ; 
(4)  Chalce'doa,  451 ;  (5)  Constantinople, 
668 ;  (6)  ditto,  680. 

Count  not  your  Chickens  before 
they  are  Hatohed.  GenemUy  referred 


to  Lafontaine^s  fable  of  the  milkmaid 
Perretfee.  But  the  substance  of  thia  fabl« 
is  very  old.    For  example : — 

In  A.i>.  550  Barzftyoh  translated  for  the 
king  of  Persia  a  collection  of  Indian 
fables  called  the  Panka  Tantfa  r«'five 
books**),  and  one  of  the  stories  is  taat  of 
a  Brahmin  who  collected  rice  by  bulging; 
but  it  occurred  to  him  there  mi|^  be  a 
ftunine,  in  which  case  he  could  soU  hia 
rice  for  100  rupees,  and  buy  two  goata. 
The  goats  would  multiply,  and  he  would 
then  buy  cows;  the  cows  would  calve, 
and  he  would  buy  a  farm;  with  the 
saving  of  his  form  he  would  buy  a 
mansion;  then  marry  some  one  wiot  a 
rich  dowry ;  tiiere  would  be  a  son  in  doe 
time,  who  should  be  named  Some  Sahu 
whom  he  would  dandle  on  his  kneea.  If 
the  child  ran  into  danger  he  would  cry 
to  the  mother.  **  Take  up  the  baby !  take 
up  the  baby  !'^  and  in  his  excitement  the 
dreamer  kicked  over  his  packet  of  riee. 
The  Persians  say  of  a  day-dreamer, "  Ha 
is  like  the  father  of  8omo  Sala." 

Another  version  is  given  in  the  history 
of  Alnaechar  {q,  v,y— Arabian  yighu*^ 
Entertainments, 

Rabelais  has  introduced  a  similar  story, 
'<  TbeShoemaker  and  a  Ha'poth  of  Milk/' 
told  by  Echepron  (9.  v.)  in  Pa$iHiagrm€L 

But  the  olaest  form  of  the  story  is  to 
be  found  in  ^sop,  in  the  fable  of  The 
Milkmaid  and  her  Pail,  of  which  La  Fon- 
taine's is  only  a  poetical  reproduction. 

Count  of  Narbonne,  a  tragedy  by 
Robert  Jephson  { 1782).  His  father,  cAont 
Raymond,  having  poisoned  Alphonee, 
foiged  a  will  bs^ng  (vedf^ey's  right, 
and  naming  Raymond  as  sneceeootu 
Theodore  fell  in  love  with  AdeUide,  the 
count's  dau^ter,  but  was  reduced  to  thia 
dilemma:  if  he  married  Adelaide  be 
could  not  challenge  the  count  and  obtain 
the  possessions  he  had  a  right  to  as 
granason  of  Alphonso ;  if.  on  the  other 
hand,  he  obtained  his  rights  and  killed 
the  count  in  combat,  he  could  not  expect 
that  Adelaide  would  marry  him.  At  the 
end  the  count  killed  Addaide,  and  then 
himself.  This  drama  is  copied  from 
Walpole'i  Castle  of  Otranio, 

Count  Bobert  of  Paris,  a  novd 
by  sir  W.  Scott,  after  the  wreck  ef  his 
fortune  and  repeated  strokes  of  paralysis 
(1831).  The  critic  can  afford  to  be 
indulgent,  and  Uiose  who  read  this  story  * 
must  remember  that  the  sun  of  the  great 
wisuurd  was  hastening  to  its  set.  The 
time  of  the  novel  is  the  reign  of  Rnfna. 


couimES. 


217 


OOUVADE, 


Oouutiea.  "Thedowniah  Uaxoaof 
Mch  coontj*"  (from  Drasrton^s  PiMyofbiiMf 
TTJii,,  torads  the  cloae). 


ttotttOiM) 


tiMkdL 


iVtm  teat  the 
IMd 


ri  fW  t  ItlBI  II.  Mrf  ihlBII  Mlh  t 

■CROSWMMUBS:  Witk  ttOU  wfU maBi 


Aai  «klk(  tha  btaek  bovl  valki,  w  ■■arrfly  wlflo 
MiUMWiUM;  S*lkBtan4M<MtlMbiilL 


aiV.  Md  I  «a  %nl  (tfcl  Ike  ft«k 


Wuvi 


:  riMiiitlM 

Ingrlbraft, 

Aad  I  win  aqirirt  th*  ] 


Ckrantry  {Father  of  kit),  Cicero  was 
10  ailed  by  the  Rmnan  lesate  (ii.c. 
106-43).  Jmixm  Ckeaar  was  eo  called 
after  qnellW  the  insurrection  in  Spain 
(II.C  100-40).  Angnstns  Oesar  was 
adled  Pater  atqm  Prmceps  (b.c.  63,  31- 
14).  ConnodeMed'ici(188S^1464).  G. 
WsdiiDgtoD,  defender  and  paternal  coun- 
sellor of  the  American  States  (1732-1799). 
Andrea  Dor)^  is  so  called  on  the  base 
of  his  statue  in  Gen'oa  (1468-1560). 
Aodroiilcvs  Polsol'ogus  II.  assumed  the 
titk  (1960-1832).    See  1  Chnm,  iv.  14. 

Coimtiy  CUrl  {TheU  •  comedy  by 
Ganick,  altered  from  Wycherly.  Tlie 
"country  girl"  is  Peg«-  Thrift,  the 
OTfdun  dangfater  of  sir  Thomas  Tnrift, 
■ad  ward  of  Moody,  who  brings  hej  up 
ia  the  eauatry  in  perfect  seclusion.  When 
Maody  is  60  and  Peggy  is  19,  he  wants 
to  marry  her,  but  she  outwits  him  and 


marries  Belville,  a  young  man  el  suitable 
age  and  position. 

Country  Wifb  i,The).  a  comedy  by 
William  Wycherly  (1675). 

PopevM  pfoai  iBiaorff*  nociea  tnm  Om  aotlior  of 
n«  OMMtry  WifM,—^  GiMakaa,  JiMfM  iU»\Wmt. 

tan. 

Coupee,  the  dancing-master,  who 
says  *^  If  it  were  not  for  dancing-masters, 
men  might  as  well  walk  on  their  heads  as 
heels.**  He  courts  Lucy  by  promising  to 
teach  her  dancing. — Fielding,  The  Virgin 
UnmaehetL 

Courlaixd'Weather,  wintnr  weather 
with  pitiless  snow-storms.  So^  called 
from  uie  Russian  province  of  tiiat  name. 

Court  Holy  Water,  flummery;  tha 
meaningless  compliments  of  pohtesso, 
called  in  French  £<xu  benite  de  oour, 

Td  flatter,  to  ekw.  to  gtr*  on«  covt  boUo-watw.— 
riorio.  Italian  tHettmm^.  Art.  "  M ■ntrfHfre." 

Cour'tain,  one  of  the  swords  of 
O^er  the  Duie,  made  by  Hunifican. 
Uis  other  sword  was  Sauragine. 


BatOfkriMMilwpoii  lt[M««Mi]< , 

Cm  moment,  and  tlwn.  alMalhlagCaartalii.  aid. 
**  WImU  tMas  an  thcM  r* 

W.  Mowk.  Th9MmrthlffPmiMM»t\rMa9aA'\ 

CourtaU,  a  fop  and  consummate 
libertine,  for  ever  boostirig  of  his  love- 
conquests  over  ladies  of  the  kaait  numde. 
He  tries  to  corrupt  lady  Frances  Touch- 
wood, but  is  foiled  by  SaviUe. — Mrs. 
Cowley,  Ihe  BeHe'e  Stratagem  (1730). 

Courtly  {Sir  Charies)^  a  ^ooi^;  liber- 
tine, who  abducted  the  bcAutifuI  wife  of 
Farmer  Cornflower. — Dibdin,  The  Far- 
mer'8  Wife  (1780). 

Cousin  Michel  or  Michael,  the 
nickname  of  a  German,  as  John  Bull  is 
of  on  EojBflishman,  Brother  Jonathan  of 
an  American,  Colin  Tampon  a  Swiss, 
John  Chinaman  a  Qiinese,  etc 

Couvade'  (2  sy/.},  a  man  who  takes 
the  place  of  his  wife  when  she  is  in 
child-bed.  In  these  coses  the  man  lies 
a-bed,  and  the  woman  does  the  household 
duties.  The  people  called  **  Gold  Tooth,'* 
in  the  confines  of  Burmoh,  are  couvadca, 
M.  Francisque  Michel  tells  us  the  custom 
stall  exists  in  Biscay ;  and  colonel  Yule 
assures  us  that  it  is  common  in  Yunnan 
and  amon^  the  Miris  in  Upper  Assam. 
Mr.  Tylor  has  observed  the  same  custom 
among  the  Coribe  of  the  West  Indies* 
the  Abipones  of  Central  South  America, 
the  aborigines  of  California,  in  Guiana, 
in  West  ^  Africa,  and  in  the  Indian 
Archipelago.    Diodurus  speaks  of  it  oa 


COVENTRY. 


S18 


CRAMP. 


existing  at  one  time  in  Corsica ;  Strabo 

says  the  custom  prevailed  in  the  north  of 

Spain  ;  and  Apollonios  Rhodius  that  the 

Tabarenes  on  the  Euxine  Sea  observed 

the  sanic : 

In  the  Tkbuvolui  kuid. 
Whtn  aone  food  woouin  bmn  h«r  lonl  ■  batob 
*Tb  *•  is  vwnU)«d,  aud  groaulng  put  tu  b«d  ; 
While  abe  ari'dng  tends  hts  bMb  uid  mttm 
Nke  poi«<t»  for  W  hualHUKi  la  the  straw. 

ApoUoolos  KbodhH,  Argoitawtic  E^. 

Coventry,  a  corruption  of  Cune'tr$ 
(<*  the  town  on  the  Cwie*'). 

CmM,  wtianea  Oovontry  bar  name  doth  takt. 

Dnjrton.  Potfolhion,  lUL  OClt). 

Coventry  Mvsteries,  certain 
miracle-plays  acted  at  Coventry  till 
1591.  They  were  published  in  1841  for 
the  Shakespeare  Society,  under  the  care 
of  J.  O.  Halliwell.  (See  Chbstkr 
Mysteries.) 

Cov'erley  (Sir  Rofjer  dc)y  a  member 
of  an  hypotneticol  club,  noted  for  his 
modesty,  generosity,  hospitality,  and 
eccentnc  whims ;  most  courteous  to  his 
neighbours,  most  aflPectionate  to  his 
family,  most  amiable  to  his  domestics. 
Sir  Roger,  who  figures  in  thirty  papers  of 
the  SpectatoTy  is  the  verv  beau-ideal  of 
an  amiable  country  gentleman  of  queen 
Anne's  time. 

What  vooU  sir  Rogw  de  Oorericjr  ba  vltiioat  hla 
folU«i  and  his  charming  little  brain-cracks  ?  If  tbe  good 
knight  did  not  call  out  to  the  people  sleeping  in  church, 
and  sar  "AaMa**  with  such  drllglitful  peotposlty;  if  lie 
dkl  not  BiisUke  Mde.  DoQ  Taanbeet  for  a  ladjr  of  quaUtjr 
in  Temple  Garden ;  if  he  were  wiser  than  ke  is  .  .  .  <h 
wtnt  worth  wen  he  tons  r  We  fove  him  (or  his  vaidtlas 
as  much  ae  for  his  virtuas.— Thackerajr. 

Covert-baron,  a  wife,  so  called 
because  she  is  under  the  covert  or  pro- 
tection of  her  baron  or  lord. 

Cow  and  Calf^  Lewesdon  Hill  and 
Pillesdon  Pen,  in  Dorsetshire. 

Cowards  and  Bulliks.  In  Shake- 
speare we  have  Paroll6s  and  Pistol ;  in 
Ben  Jonson,  Bob'adil ;  in  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  Bessus  and  Mons.  Lapet,  the 
very  prince  of  cowards ;  in  the  French 
drama,  Le  Capitan,  Mctamore,  and  Scara- 
mouch. (See  also  Bahimsco,  Captain 
Noll  Bluff,  Boroughclifk,  Captain 
Brazen,  Sir  Petronel  Flash,  Sacri- 
PANT,  Vincent  de  la  Rose,  etc.) 

Cowper,  called  "Author  of  The 
Task,''  horn  his  principal  poem  (1731- 
1800). 

Coxcomb,  an  empty-headed,  con- 
ceited fop,  like  an  ancient  jester,  who 
wore  on  the  top  of  his  cap  a  piece  of  red 
clodi  resembling  a  cock's  comb. 

The  rrince  of  Coxcombs^  ChLrlM 
Joseph  prince  de  Ugne  (1685-1614). 


Richard  II.  of  England  (I86d,  1877- 
1400). 

Henri  III.  of  Fiance,  Ze  Migmm  (1561, 
1674-1689). 

Coxe  (Cbptom),  one  of  the  masqnes 
at  Kenilworth.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Kemiworth 
(time,  £lixabeth). 

Crabshaw  (Timothy),  the  servant  of 
sir  Laimcelot  Greaves's  squire. — Smollett* 
Adventures  of  Sir  Launoeht  Grooves 
(1760). 

Crab'tree,  in  SmoIlett*s  novel  called 
The  Adventures  of  Peregrine  Pickle  (1761 ). 

Crat/tree,  uncle  of  sir  narry  Bumber, 
in  Sheridan's  comedy,  The  &hool  for 
Scandal  (1777). 

CrcU/treCf  a  gardwier  at  Fairport. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Hie  Anmuary  (time,  George 
111.). 

Crao  (M,  de)^  the  French  baron  Mmk- 
chausen  ;  hero  of  a  French  operetta. 

Crac8L  one  of  the  Shetland  Islea.— 
Ossian,  Itngal. 

Crack'enthorp  (Father)^  a  publican. 

Dolly  Crackenthorpy  daughter  of  the 
pi!blican. — Sir  W.  Scott,  RodgaunUei 
(time,  George  III.). 

Crackit  (Flath  Tcby),  one  of  the 
villains  in  the  attempted  burglary  in 
which  Bill  Sikes  and  his  associates  were 
concerned.— C.  Dickens,  Oliver  Twisi 
(1837). 

Cra'dlemont,  king  of  Wales,  snb- 
dued  bv  Arthur,  fighting  for  Leod  ogran 
king  of  Cam'eliard  (3  syL), — ^Tennyson, 
Coming  of  Arthur, 

Cradock  (Sir)^  the  only  knight  who 
could  carve  tne  boar's  haul  which  no 
cuckold  could  cut ;  or  drink  from  a  bowl 
which  no  cuckold  could  quaff  without 
spilling  the  liquor.  His  lady  was  the 
only  one  in  king  Arthur's  court  who 
could  wear  the  mantle  of  chastity  brought 
thither  by  a  boy  dnring  Christmas-tide. — 
Percy,  KeliqueSy  etc,.  III.  iii.  18. 

Craigdallie  (Adcm).  the  aeoior 
baiUie  of  Perth.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Fmr 
Maid  of  Perth  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

Cralg'engelt  (Captain)^  an  ad- 
venturer and  companion  of  Bucklaw.— 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Bride  of  Lammermoor 
(time,  William  III.). 


[Corporal)^ 
irW.Scot) 


CRANBOURNE. 


219 


CRAWLEY, 


Craa'boame  (Sr  Jasper)^  a  friend 
of  rir  G«offRT  PeveriL— Sir  W.  Scott, 
FHierU  of  M#  Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Crmne  {Dame  Aliacm)^  migtrefs  of  the 
Cnuie  inn,  at  Marlboroa^ 

Glider  Crast^^  the  dame*8  hosband. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  KenUwrth  (time,  Eliza- 
beth). 

Oram  (Ickabod),  a  credalous  Yankee 
•ehoolmaater.  He  is  described  as  "tall, 
exceedingly  lank,  and  narrow-shonldered ; 
his  anas,  legs,  and  neck  unusnally  long^ ; 
his  hands  ifauigle  a  mile  out  of  his 
deeres ;  his  feet  might  serve  for  shovels ; 
sad  his  wh<^  fiaaie  is  very  loosely  hung 
togfther.** 

vtt tacawnb  kn> sram  flMif  cgrci.  Mid  *  lonf  nlpe 
BM.«lhMaiMfc«lllke*  wenttMr-Mck  perched  apoa 
hk  «M)e  amk  to  tall  vkkh  vw  Ik*  viod  blew.— W. 
r*  Lesmd  of  aeeiir  Hollow  *). 


Cranes  (1  sy/.).  Milton,  referring  to 
the  wars  of  the  pygmies  and  the  cranes, 
calls  the  former 

IhatmatJiintMntrj 

Cranion,  queen  MaVs  charioteer. 

Veiv  niBikle  ^Mite  Cbekonee  wotb^ 
fly  Ckaalon,  her  charlotaer. 

Crank  (Dame),  the  papist  laundress 
si  Marlboroogh.— Sir  W.  Scott,  KenU- 
wortM  (time,  fiizabeth). 

Cra'paod  (Johnnie),  a  Frenchman,  as 
John  InsU  b  an  Englishman,  Cousin 
Michael  a  CSerman,  Colin  Tampon  a 
Swiss,  Brother  Jonathan  a  Noifh  Ameri- 
can, etc  Called  Crapaud  from  the  device 
of  the  ancient  kings  of  France,  "  three 
toads  erect,  aaltant.*'  Nostradamus,  in 
the  sixteoith  century,  called  the  French 
crapamU  in  the  well-known  line : 

>  pcmdront  Sank 


("Sara**  is  Arss  backwards,  a  d^ 
tsken  from  the  Spaniards  nnder  Louis 

xrv.) 

Cratchit  (Bob  or  Robert),  clerk  of 
Ebenezer  Scrooge,  stock -broker.  Though 
Bob  Cratchit  has  to  maintain  nine  persons 
on  15s.  a  week,  he  has  a  happier  home 
•ad  spends  a  merrier  Qiristmas  than  his 
nsster,  with  all  his  wealth  and  selfish- 
neis. 

Twy  Tm  Cratchit,  the  litUe  lame  son 
Gf  Bob  Cratchit,  the  Benjamin  of  the 
Csmily,  the  most  helpless  and  most 
oek>Ted  of  alL  Tim  does  not  die,  but 
Ebcseser  Scrooge,  after  his  change  of 


character,  makes  him  his  special  cars.—- 
C.  Dickens,  A  Christnuu  Carol  (in  five 
sUves,  1843). 

Craw'ford  (Lindsay  earl  o]\  the 
young  earl-marshal  of  Scotland.--Sir  W. 
Scott,  Fair  Maid  of  Perth  (time,  Henry 
IV.). 

^  Crav^ford  (Lord^,  captain  of  the  Scot- 
tish guard  at  Plessis  1^  Tours,  in  Uie  par 
of  Louis  XI.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Quentin 
Durward  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Crawley  (Sir  Pitt),  of  Great  Gaunt 
Street,  and  of  Queen*s  Crawley,  Hants. 
A  sharp,  miserly,  litigious,  vulgar,  ig- 
norant baronet,  very  ridi,  desperately 
mean,  **a  philosopher  with  a  taste  for 
low  life,**  and  intoxicated  every  night. 
Becky  Sharp  was  engaged  by  him  to  teach 
his  two  daughters.  On  the  death  of  his 
second  wife,  sir  Pitt  asked  her  to  become 
lady  Crawley,  but  Becky  had  already  mar- 
ried his  son,  captain  Rawdon  Cmwiey. 
This  "aristocrat**  spoke  of  "brass  far- 
dens,**  and  was  unable  to  spell  the  simplest 
words,  as  the  following  specimen  will 
show ;—"  Sir  Pitt  Crawley  begs  Miss  Sharp 
and  baggidge  may  be  hear  on  Tusedav, 
as  I  l«if  .  .  .  to-morrow  erly,**  "Tfce 
whole  baronetaee,  peerage,  and  common- 
age of  England  did  not  contain  a  more 
cunning,  mean,  foolish,  disreputable  old 
rogue  uian  sir  Pitt  Crawlev.  He  died 
at  the  age  of  fourscore,  "lamented  and 
beloved,  regretted  and  honoured,**  if  we 
can  believe  his  monumental  tablet. 

Lady  Crawley,  Sir  Pitt's  first  wife  was 
"a  confounded,  quarrelsome,  high-bred 
jade.**  So  he  chose  for  his  second  wife 
the  daughter  of  Mr.  Dawson,  ironmonger, 
of  Mudbury,  who  gave  up  her  sweet- 
heart, Peter  Butt,  for  the  gilded  vanity 
of  Crawleyism.  This  ironmonger's  daugh- 
ter had  "  pink  cheeks  and  a  white  skin, 
but  no  distinctive  character,  no  opinions, 
no  occupation,  no  amusements,  no  vigour 
of  mind,  no  temper;  she  was  a  mere 
female  machine.**  Being  a  "  blonde,  she 
wore  draggled  sea-green  or  slatternly 
sky-blue  dresses,**  went  about  slip-shod 
and  in  curl-papers  all  day  till  dinner- 
time. She  died  and  left  sir  Pitt  for  the 
second  time  a  widower,  "  to-morrow  to 
fresh  woods  and  pastures  new.*' 

Mr.  Pitt  Crawley,  eldest  son  of  sir  Pitt, 
and  at  the  death  of  his  father  inheritor  of 
the  title  and  estates.  Mr.  Pitt  was  a 
most  proper  gentleman.  He  would  ratlicr 
starve  than  dme  without  a  dress-coat  an# 
white  neckcloth.    The  whole  house  bowed 


CEAWLET. 


220 


CRESSWELU 


down  to  him ;  even  sir  Pitt  himself  threw 
off  his  muddy  gaiters  in  his  son's  presence. 
Mr.  Pitt  always  addressed  his  mother-in- 
law  wiUi  **  most  powerful  respect,"  and 
strongly  impressed  her  with  his  high 
aristocratic  breeding.  At  Eton  he  was 
caUed  ''Miss  Crawley.**  UU  religious 
opinions  were  offensively  aggressive 
and  of  the  **  evangelical  tvpe."  He 
even  built  a  meeting-house  dose  by  his 
oncle*s  church.  Mr.  Pitt  Crawley  came 
into  the  large  fortune  of  his  aunt,  Miss 
Crawley,  married  lady  Jane  Sheepshanks, 
daughter  of  the  countess  of  Southdown, 
became  an  M.P.,  mw  money-loving  and 
mean,  but  less  ana  less  "evangelical "  as 
he  grew  gieat  and  wealthy. 

Captain  Bawd<m  Crawley,  yooager 
brother  of  Mr.  Pitt  Crawley.  He  was  in 
the  Dragoon  Guards,  a  "Uood  about 
town,"  and  an  adept  in  boxing,  fat- 
hunting,  the  fivoB^ourt,  and  four-in- 
hand  driving.  He  was  a  young  dandy, 
six  feet  high*  with  a  great  voice,  but  few 
brains.  He  could  swear  a  great  deal, 
but  could  not  spell.  He  ordered  about 
the  servantSt  who  nevertheless  adored 
him  ;  was  generous,  but  did  not  pay  hi» 
tradesmen ;  a  Lothario,  free  and  easy. 
His  style  of  talk  was,  **  Aw,  aw ;  Jave- 
aw ;  Gad-aw ;  it*s  a  confounded  fine 
8«gaw-aw — confounded  as  I  ever  smoked. 
Gad-aw.*'  This  military  exquisite  was 
the  adopted  heir  of  Miss  Crawley,  but 
as  he  chose  to  marry  Becky  Sharp, 
was  set  aside  for  his  brother  ritt.  For 
a  time  Becky  enabled  him  to  live  in 
splendour  "  upon  nothing  a  year,*'  but  a 
great  scandal  got  wind  of  gross  impro- 
prieties between  lord  Steyne  and  Becky, 
so  that  Rawdon  separated  from  his  wife, 
and  was  given  the  governorship  of  Coven- 
try Isle  by  lord  Steyne.  "  His  excellency 
colonel  Rawdon  Crawlev  died  in  his  island 
of  yellow  fever,  most  deeply  beloved  and 
deplored,**  and  his  son  Kawdon  inherited 
his  uncle's  title  and  the  &mily  estates. 

The  Hev,  Bute  Cnivley^  brodier  of  sir 
Pitt.  He  was  a  "tall,  stately,  joUy, 
shovel-hatted  rector.*'  **  He  pulled  stroke- 
oar  in  the  Christ  Church  lK>at,  and  had 
thrashed  the  best  bruisers  of  the  town. 
The  Kev.  Bute  loved  boxing-matches, 
races,  hnntii^,  coursing,  balls,  elections, 
regattas,  and  good  dinners ;  had  a  fine 
singing  voiee,  and  was  very  popular.** 
His  wife  wrote  his  sermons  for  him. 

Mrs.  Bute  Crawley,  the  rector's  wife, 
was  a  smart  little  lady,  domestic,  politic, 
but  apt  to  overdo  lier  "policy."  She 
gave  her  husband  full  liberty  to  do  as  he 


liked:  was  prudent  and  thrifty. — ^Iliack*- 
ray,  Kamiy /"otr  (1848). 

Cray'on  {le  Simr  4eu  <mft  <A  ^^ 
officers  of  Charles  "the  Bold,*'  duke  of 
Bnrgmdy. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Anne  of  Oeier- 
stem  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Crayon  {Geoffrey),  Em,,  Washington 
Irving,  author  of  The  Sketch-Book  (1820)* 

Cre^lde,  a  hard,  vulgar  school- 
master, to  vniose  charge  David  Opper- 
field  was  entrusted,  snd  where  he  fini 
made  the  acquaintance  of  Steerfrnth. 

The  olrowwtMM*  abMit  htaiwlifch  hnprMNd  bw  bmm* 
VM  thM  Im  had  BO  Toie*.  tet  ^loke  la  *  vdiiipsr.. — C 
DlckMS,  JMuid  C»j)j>w3M<.y*.a»aO. 

OrebiUim  of  Bomanoe  (The\  A. 
Francois  Provost  d'Exiles  (1697-1768). 

Credat   JudsuB    ApaBa,  non 

ego  (Horace,  Sat.  I.  v.  100).  Of 
"  Apella  "  nothing  whatever  is  known. 
In  general  the  name  is  omitted,  and  the 
won)  "  JudjDUS**  stands  for  any  Jew.  **  A 
disbelieving  Jew  would  give  credit  to  tha 
statement  sooner  than  I  shoukL" 

Crelcenplt,  a  fietitioiis  river  near 
Husterloe,  according  to  the  hypothetical 
geography  of  Master  Beynard^  who  calls 
on  the  hare  to  attest  the  faet. — Reynard 
the  Fox  (1498). 

Cresoent  OiXjt  ^^^  Orleans 
l^OrJeenx],  in  Louisiana,  U.S. 

Cres'sicUL  in  Chancer  Creaseide 
(2  S2//.);  a  beantifnl,  sparkling,  and 
accomplished  woman,  who  has  become 
a  by-word  for  infidelity.  She  was  the 
daughter  of  Cakhas,  a  Trojan  priert^  who 
took  part  with  the  Greeks.  Creesida  is  not 
a  character  of  classic  story,  but  a  medi« val 
creation.  Pope  says  her  story  was  the 
invention  of  Lollius  the  Lombard,  his- 
toriographer of  Urbino,  in  Italy.  Creeaid* 
betroths  herself  to  Trotlus,  a  son  of 
Priam,  and  vows  eternal  fidelity.  TroQus 
gives  the  maiden  a  sleeve,  and  she  gives 
her  Adonis  a  fflooe,  as  a  love-knot.  Soon 
after  this  betrothal  an  exchange  of 
prisoners  is  made,  when  Cressida  falls  to 
the  lot  of  Diomed,  to  whom  she  very 
soon  yields  her  love,  and  even  gives  him 
the  very  sleeve  which  Trollus  had  given 
her  as  a  love-token. 

Asftte 
As  air,  M  vatar.  vlad.  or  mmif  carHi  . . 
Y«i.  let (m««i| av  to itkk  UMlMHt  or hInbM4, 
"Aafabeast^Mafd." 
BhakoqMue.  Tnihu  tmd  CrvttUm,  act  UL  «.  t  (ISO^ 

CressweU  {Madame\  a  woman  of 
infamous  character,  who  bequeathed  £10 
for  a  funeial  sermon,  in  which  noti^ig 


CRETS. 


m 


CROAKER. 


B  ikovM  be  aud  of  b««  The  dak«  of 
wrote  the  pennon,  which 
roUowi:-^*  AU  I  BhAU  say  of  her 
■  tfaii :  Ae  was  bovn  weU^  she  married 
wtU,  Ihred  «»</«  and  died  weit ;  tot  she 
was  bora  at  9liad-weU,  married  Cress- 
wsH,  lived  at  QerkeA-weil,  and  died  in 
Bdde-welL'' 

Crete  {Hound  of)f  a  blood-hound. — 
See  Midstunmar  Ifigkfs  Vreaaiy  act  iii. 


r.  Ml  IL  ae.  1  (UW). 

(W<»  (2%s  Infumtf  of),  tbe  Minotaur* 

ilafMBf  of  Cm*.  datMtaS  Imod 


Crereooitf  (2  syf.).  The  coant 
t\dBp  de  Cr^ecoor  is  the  envoy  sent  by 
Chafisi  "  tiie  Bold,"  dnke  of  Bm^undy, 
with  a  defiance  to  Louis  XI.  itin|^  of 


Tkg  comntevi  of  Ch^wstmr,  wife  of  the 
eoant.— Sir  W.  Scott,  QuentiM  Dancard 
(time,  Edwmrd  lY,)* 

(Mb  (^TW),  Thomas  Meoie,  aatbor 
if  Ibsi  Cf9fs  MemoriiA  to  Congretf 
(1819). 

CriUon.  The  following  stoir  is  told 
•f  this  bfww  b«t  simple-minded  officer. 
Henri  IV.,  after  the  battle  of  Arques, 
wrote  to  hnn  thos: 

The  int  8Ad  last  put  ef  this  letter  ha^re 
become  proverbial  in  France. 

When  Oillon  heard  the  story  of  the 
QndfixMM  vead  at  ehnreh,  he  grew  so 
excited  that  he  cried  out  m  an  audible 
voice.  On  Aais  (v,  CriUonl  ("What 
were  you  nbout,  CrilloB,  to  perarit  of 
nch  atrocity?**) 

*«*  When  Clovis  was  told  of  the 
CnciilxioB,  he  exclaimed,  "  Ikid  I  and 
my  Franks  been  by,  we  would  have 
avenged  the  wrong,  I  wanant.'' 

Crione — Kiakler.  Talkyrand  said 
of  the  execution  of  the  dnc  d'EAf^ien  by 
Kapoleoa  1.,  that  it  was  "not  merely 
a  crime,  it  was  a  blunder.'*  The  words 
have  been  attributed  to  Foudi^  also. 

Cri:iK/ra  and  OonaaL  Crimom, 
daoi^hter  of  Rinval,  was  in  love  with 
Connal  of  the  noe  of  Fiagal.  who  was 
defied  \^  Da^F^.  He  begs  hw  **  Mreet- 
ii«**  to  lend  him  her  fiUher's  shield,  but 
dM  says  it  is  iU-fated,  for  her  lather  feU 
If  Iha  spaav  of  Qeraur.    Comal  went 


against  his  foe,  and  Crimora,  disguised  in 
armour,  went  also,  but  unknown  to  him. 
She  saw  her  lover  in  fight  with  Dargo, 
and  discharged  an  arrow  at  the  foe,  but  it 
missed  its  aim  and  shot  ConoaL  She  ran 
in  agony  to  his  succour.  It  was  too  late. 
He  died,  Crimora  died  also,  and  both 
were  buried  in  one  grave.. — Ossian^ 
CarrioTkvra, 

Crim-Tartary,    noir    called    fhfl 
Crime'a. 

Crispin  {St.),  Crisplnos  and  (Ms- 
pianus  were  two  brothers,  bom  at  Rome, 
m>m  which  place  they  travelled  to 
Soissons,  in  France  (about  a.d.  808),  to 
propagate  the  gospel,  and  worked  as  shoe- 
;  makers,  that  tl^  might  not  be  chargeable 
to  any  one.  The  governor  of  the  town 
ordered  them  to  be  beheaded  the  veiy 
year  of  their  arrival,  and  they  were  made 
the  tutelary  saints  of  the  **  gentle  craft." 
St.  (Mspin*s  Day  is  October  26. 

Thfa  dajr  b  called  th«  f«Mt  of  Crbplui  .  .  . 
▲iidOrirtanOrtapiftii  ihaB  iM'arto  bf, 
Fnin  (hb  day  to  Uw  ending  of  tiM  voirU, 
But  we  la  HanOI  b«  ramnbaMd. 

Mmurg  K.  set  hr.  ae.  t  (IHB), 


Critio  {A  £os9u)j  oae  who  criticizes 
the  **  getting  np  **  of  a  book  more  than  its 
literary  worth ;  a  captious,  carping  critic. 
R^ne  le  Bossu  was  a  French  cntic  (lOdi- 
1680). 

Th*  e^  poem  your  lonUiip  liwle  ne  look  t,  upon 
Uking  tM  let«tli.  bi*mMk,  li^(bi;  mhI  4»pth  of  M.  «od 
toTlnfl  Uteoi  at  Immm  ■pa»ao  enetHrieoT  Beai^v'tt* 
out.  my  lonkio  eveoroneofitodiBieulona.  Adnfambla 

(Probably  the  scale  referred  to  was  that 
of  Bossut  the  mathematician,  and  that 
either  Bossn  and  Bossut  have  been  con- 
founded, or  else  that  a  pan  is  mtmided.) 

Critic  {The),  by  R,  B.  Sheridan,  sug- 
gested by  The  Re/ieancd  (1779). 

*^  The  Kehearsal  is  by  the  ddte  of 
Buckingham  (1671). 

CritidB  ( The  Frinct  of)f  Aristarc^es  of 
Byzantiora,  who  compiled,  in  the  second 
centmry  B.C.,  the  rhapsodies  of  Homen 

Croaker,  guardian  to  Miss  Richhind. 

Never  so  happy  as  when  he  imagines 

himself  a  martvr.    He  loves  a  funeral 

better  than  a  festival,  and  delights  to 

think  that  the  world  ia  going  to  rack  and 

ruin.    His  favourite  phrase  is  "  Hay  be 

not." 

A  posTt  flratfui  hmiI.  Ibat  hae  saw  dbtiaMfov  CM^r  how 
<tf  Um  four  and  twtat9.—JML  1. 

Mrs,  Croaketf  the  very  reverse  of  her 
grcmblini^  atrabilious  husband*    £Le  is 


CROCODILE. 


222 


CROMWELL. 


mirthful,  light-hearted)  and  cheerful  as  a 
lark. 

Tb*  rtftf  ravena  of  ««<4i  otiiar.  81m  all  kui(h  and  no 
Joke,  ha  ahrajr*  oomplalnlnf  and  nerar  aorrowftil.— Act 

Leontine  Croaker^  son  of  Mr.  Croaker. 
Bein^  sent  to  Paris  to  fetch  his  sister,  he 
falls  in  love  with  Olivia  Woodville,  whom 
he  brings  home  instead,  introduces  her  to 
Croaker  as  his  daughter,  and  nltimatelv 
marries  her. — Goldsmith,  The  Good- 
natwred  Man  (1768). 

Crocodile  (iTiTk;).  The  people  of  Isna, 
in  Upper  E{?ypt,  affirm  that  there  is  a 
king  crocodile  as  there  is  a  queen  bee. 
The  king  crocodile  has  ears  but  no  tail, 
and  has  no  nower  of  doing  harm.  Southey 
Bays  that  uiough  the  king  crocodile  hM 
no  tan,  he  has  teeth  to  devour  his  people 
with. — ^Browne,  Travels. 

Crocodile  (Lady  Kitty),  meant  for  the 
duchess  of  Kingston.— >iSam.  Foote,  A 
Trip  to  CcUaie. 

Crooodile'8  Tears,  deceitful  show 
of  grief ;  hypocritical  sorrow. 

It  b  wrltton  tiiat  Um  erocodik  wfll  wmp  ow aman'i 
h«ad  when  be  hath  devoured  the  bodjr.  and  Uieo  be  vUl 
eat  up  Uie  bead  toa  Wberefore  In  taUn  tbere  to  a  pro- 
ff«rbe:  OnteodUt  taekrpnm  ("crooodUe'a  tean").  to  •!«• 
nliy  aueh  tean  as  are  nliied  and  epeut  only  witn  Intent 
tu  decetre  or  doe  barm.— BnUokar.  XngUak  JttpottUr 
(161S). 

OMar  will  «e^  the  cneodDe  win  weep. 

I^ryden,  Atl/or  Lorn  (Ittt). 

Cro'cuB,  a  yGwag  man  enamoured  of 
the  nymph  Smilax,  who  did  not  return 
his  love.  The  gods  changed  him  into 
the  crocus  flower,  to  signuy  unrequited 
lave, 

OroDSUS,  king  of  Lydia,  deceived  by 
an  oracle,  was  conquered  by  Cyrus  king 
of  Persia.  Cyrus  commanded  a  huge 
funeral  pile  to  be  erected,  upon  which 
Croesus  and  fourteen  Lydian  youths  were 
to  bo  chained  and  burnt  alive.  When 
this  was  done,  the  discrowned  king  called 
on  the  name  of  Solon,  and  Cyrus  asked 
whv  he  did  so.  **  Because  be  told  me  to 
call  no  one  happy  till  death."  Cyrus, 
struck  with  the  remark,  ordered  the  tire  of 
the  pile  to  be  put  out,  but  this  could  not 
be  done.  Cnesus  then  called  on  Apollo, 
who  sent  a  shower  which  extinguished 
the  flames,  and  he  with  his  Lydians  came 
from  the  pile  unharmed. 

*«*  The  resemblance  of  this  legend  to 
the  Bible  account  of  the  Jewish  voutiis 
condemned  by  Nebuchadnezzar  to  he  cast 
into  the  flery  furnace,  from  which  they 
came  forth  uninjured,  will  recur  to  tlie 
i«»der. — Jkmiel  iii.  • 


CroBsus's  Dream.  Croesus  dreamt  tiiat 
his  son  Atys  would  be  slain  by  an  iron 
instrument,  and  used  every  precaution  to 

Srevent  it,  but  to  no  purpose;  for  one 
av  Atys  went  to  chase  the  wild  boar,  and 
Adrastus,  his  friend,  threw  a  dart  at  the 
boar  to  rescue  Atvsfrom  danger^  the  datty 
however,  struck  the  prince  and  killed  him. 
The  tale  is  told  by  William  Morris  in  his 
Earthly  Paradise  (•'July''). 

Crofbangry  (ifr.  Chrystai),  a  gentle- 
man fallen  to  decay,  cousin  of  Mrs. 
Martha  Bethune  Baliol,  to  whom,  at 
death,  he  left  the  MS.  of  two  novels, 
one  The  Highland  WtdoWj  and  the  other 
The  Fair  Maidof  Perth,  caUod  the  first 
and  Second  Series  of  the  **  Chronicles  of 
Canongate"  (9.o.).  The  history  of  Mr, 
Chrystal  Cronangry  is  given  in  the 
introductory  chapters  of  The  Highland 
WidoWy  and  continued  in  the  introduction 
of  The  Fair  Maid  of  Perth. 

Lockhart  tells  us  that  Mr.  Croftangry 
is  meant  for  sir  Walter  Scott's  father 
and  that  **the   fretfid    patient   at   the 
death-bed  *'  is  a  living  picture. 

Crofts  (Master),  the  person  killed  in 
a  duel  by  sir  Geoffrey  Hudson,  the  famous 
dwarf  .—Sir  W.  Scott,  Peveril  of  the  Peak 
(time,  Charles  II.). 

Croker's  Mare.    In  the  proverb  As 

coy  as  Croker*s  inare.     This  means  '"^as 

chary  as  a  mare  that  carries  crockery.** 

She  was  to  tlMn  as  koj  wa  crokei'e  aaaia. 

J.  Hexw«M>d.  /MotoytM.  IL  1  (USSI. 

Crokers.  Potatoes  are  ao  called, 
because  thev  were  flrst  planted  in  (^ker'a 
field,  at  Youghal,  in  Ireland.— J.  R. 
Plaiich<^  EeoolUctions,  etc.,  ii.  119. 

Croma,  Ulster,  in  Ireland. — Ossian. 

Croxnla^  a  hill  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  the  castle  Tura,  in  Ulster. — Ossian, 
Fingal. 

Crommal,  a  mountain  in  Ulster: 
the  Lubar  flows  between  Crommal  and 
Cromleach. — Ossian. 

Crom'well  (Oliver),  introdoced  by 
sir  W.  Scott  in  Woodstock, 

CromweWs  daughter  Kiixabcth,  who  mar- 
ri^  John  (^ypole.  Seeing  her  father 
greatly  agitated  by  a  portrait  of  Charles  I., 
she  gentlv  and  lovinglv  led  him  away 
out  of  the  room.— Sir  \V.  Scott,  Wood- 
^Dok  (time.  0)mm  on  wealth). 

Cromweti  is  called  bv  the  preacher 
Burroughr  ''the  archangel  who  did  battle 
with  the  dovU.** 

CrcnnvodCs  Lucky  Day.    The  8rd  Sep- 


CBONA. 


S28 


CBOSBIE. 


coDsidered  by  Oliver  Crom- 
vcU  to  be  his  red-letter  day.  On  drd 
September,  1650^  hu  won  ui<:  battle  of 
Danbar;  on  3rd  September,  1651,  he  won 
the  battle  of  Worcester;  and  on  8rd 
September,  1658,  he  died.  It  is  not, 
bowerer,  true  that  be  was  bom  on  3rd 
September,  as  many  affirm,  for  his  birth* 
darwas  25th  April,  1599. 

CromveWs  2}cad  Bodj/ Insulted,  Crom- 
well's dead  body  was,  by  the  sanction  if 
iwt  by  the  express  order  of  Diaries  II., 
takoi  from  its  grave,  exposed  on  a 
gibbet,  and  finally  buried  under  the 
gaUowB. 

%*Similariy,  the  tomb  of  Am'asis  king 
of  Egypi  was  broken  open  by  Camby'ses ; 
the  body  was  then  scourged  and  insulted 
in  rarioos  ways,  and  finally  burnt,  which 
was  abhorrent  to  the  Egyptians,  who 
tued  ereiy  possible  methM  to  preserve 
desd  bodies  in  their  int^rity. 

The  dead  body  of  admiral  Coligny 
rCbJam.tf£j  was  similarly  insulted  by 
uiaries  IXL,  Catherine  de  Medicis,  ami 
all  the  court  of  France,  who  spattered 
blood  and  dirt  on  the  half-burnt  black- 
ened mass.  The  king  had  the  bad  taste 
to  say  over  it : 

'tkansi 


It  irill  be  remembered  tiiat  Colignj  was 
flie  guest  of  Charles,  his  only  crime  being 
that  he  was  a  huguenot. 

Crona  (*' mtcrouirm^ '*),  a  small  stream 
nmaiag  into  the  Carron.— Ossian. 

Cro'nian  Sea  (  7^),  the  Arctic  Ocean. 
Pimv  (in  his  Nat.  Hist.  iv.  16)  says :  <'  A 
Thute  uniua  diei  navigatione  mare  con- 
oetom  a  nonnnllis  cranium  appcllatur.*' 


polar  «lndi  blowtng  adwise 
Ckvniui  ■ciL 

ZMt.  X.  9M  (1S8B). 


Crook-fingered  Jack,  one  of  Mac- 
hesth*s  gan^  of  thieves.  In  eighteen 
Booths*  service  he  brought  to  the  general 
stock  four  fine  gold  watches  and  seven 
silver  ones,  sixteen  snuff-boxes  (five  of 
which  were  eold),  six  dozen  handkerchief  8, 
foor  silver-&lted  swords,  six  shirts,  three 
nuiwigs,  and  a  "  piece  "  of  broadcloth. 
Pca'chnm  calls  him  "a  mighty  clean- 
handed fellow,**  and  adds : 

"CooiUirfM  Owm  am  only  tlw  fhdte  of  his  lelam 
Won,  I  4iHi't  kaow  a  prattier  faJky^^  fbr  no  man  alh« 
aaik  A  MOTv  aa^isias  fvcwnoa  of  oxliid  ii|ion  Um  raad.**.^ 
Gv.  TImMtggayt  0/«ra.  1. 1  07V). 

Crop  (Oforge)t  an  honest,  hearty 
firmer,  who  has  married  a  second  wife, 
bansed  Dorothy,  between  whom  there  are 
endless  quanels.     Two  especially   are 


noteworthy.  Crop  tells  his  wife  he  hopes 
that  better  times  are  coming,  and  when 
the  law-suit  is  over  ^*  we  will  have  roast 
pork  for  dinner  every  Sunday."  The 
wife  repUes,  **  It  shaU  be  kmb."  "But 
I  say  it  shall  be  pork."  «'I  hate  pork,  I'll 
haveUmb."  "  Porh,  I  tell  you."  "  I  say 
lamb."  **  It  shan't  be  lamb,  I  will  have 
pork."  The  other  quarrel  arises  from 
Crop's  having  left  the  door  open,  which 
he  asks  his  wife  civilly  to  shut.  She 
refuses,  he  commands ;  she  turns  ob- 
stinate, he  turns  angry ;  at  length  they 
sgree  that  the  person  who  first  speaks 
smdl  shut  the  door.  Dorothy  speaks 
first,  and  Crop  gains  the  victory. — P. 
Hoare,  No  S&ng  tio  Supper  (1754-1834). 

Oropland  (Sir  Charles),  an  ex- 
toavagant,  heartless  libertine  and  man  of 
^hion,  who  hates  the  country  except 
for  hunting,  and  looks  on  his  estates  and 
tenants  omy  as  the  means  of  supplying 
money  for  his  personal  indulgence. 
Knowing  that  Emily  Worthington  was 
the  daughter  of  a  **  poor  gentleman,"  he 
offers  her  **a  house  in  town,  the  run 
of  his  estate  in  the  country,  a  chariot, 
two  footmen,  and  £600  a  year ; "  but  the 
lieutenant's  daughter  rejects  with  scorn 
such  "  splendid  infamy."  At  the  end 
sir  Charles  is  n.ade  to  see  his  own 
iMweness,  and  offers  the  most  ample 
apologies  to  all  whom  he  has  offended. — 
G.  Colman,  The  Poor  Gentleman  (1802). 

Oro^uemitaine  {Cro(Ui.nut,tain\^ 
the  bogie  raised  by  fear.  Somewhere  near 
Saragossa  was  a  terrible  castle  called 
Fear  Fortress,  which  appeared  quite  im- 
pregnable ;  but  as  the  bold  approached 
it,  the  difficulties  of  access  gradnallv 
gave  way  and  even  the  fortress  itself 
vanished  into  thin  air. 

Oroquemitame  is  a  romance  in  three 
parts:  the  first  part  is  a  tournament 
between  the  knights  of  Marsillus,  a 
Moorish  king,  and  the  paladins  of  Char- 
lemagne ;  the  second  part  is  the  siege  of 
Saragossa  by  Charlemagne ;  and  the 
third  part  is  Uie  allegoir  of  Fear  Fortress. 
Mitaine  is  the  godchild  of  Charlemagne, 
who  goes  in  seuch  of  Fear  Fortress. 

Croouis  {Atfred)y  Daniel  Maclise, 
R.A.  This  pseudonyin  was  attached  to 
a  series  of  character-portraits  in  Frazer*s 
Magazine  between  the  years  1830  and 
1838.  Maclise  was  bom  1811,  and  died 
1870. 

Oros'bie  ( Wmiam)^  praroii  of  Dam- 


CROSBITE. 


224 


CROTHAR. 


fries,    a   friend    of    Mr.   Faixford    the 
lawyer. 

Mrs,  Crosiney  wife  of  the  provost,  and  a 
cousin  of  Redgauntlet. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Redgauntlet  (time,  George  III.)* 

Cros'bite  (2  «v'.),  a  barrister. — Sir 
W.Scott,  i2^aufi^/6'<  (time,  George  III.). 

Cross.  A  favourite  legend  used  to 
be  that  the  Cross  was  made  of  three 
different  trees,  and  that  these  trees  sprang 
from  three  seeds  taken  from  the  **Tree 
of  Life  "  and  planted  in  Adam*s  mouth  al 
death.  They  were  given  to  Adam's  son 
Scth  by  the  angel  who  guarded  paradise, 
and  the  angel  told  Seth  that  when  these 
seeds  became  trees,  Adam  would  be  free 
from  the  power  of  death. 

(This  IS  rather  an  allegory  than  a 
legend.  For  other  l^ends  and  traditions 
see  Diethnary  of  Phrase  and  /li6/«.) 

Cross-Iegji^ed  Host  {Dinma  with 
owr),  going  without  dinner.  Lawyers  at 
one  time  gave  interviews  to  their  clients 
in  tiie  B^und  Church,  famous  for  its 
effigies  of  knights  lying  cross-l^ged. 

Or  walk  th*  Round  [Cft«r«»]  with  knlghti  o' th«  ptMta 
AbMtt  tiia  croM  toiggwil  kiUglUa.  their  hostL 

8.  Bottar,  BndUroM,  VL  S  (ISTQ. 

Cross  Purposes,  a  farce  by 
0*Brien.  There  are  three  brothers  named 
Bevil — Francis  an  M.P.,  Harry  a  lawj'er, 
and  George  in  the  Guards.  They  all, 
unkno¥m  to  each  other,  wish  to  marry 
Emily  Grub,  the  handsome  daughter  of 
a  rich  stock-broker.  Francis  pays  court 
to  the  father,  and  obtains  his  consent; 
Harry  to  the  mother,  and  obtains  her 
consent;  and  Goor^  to  Uie  daughter, 
whose  consent  he  obtains,  and  the  two  elder 
brothers  retire  from  the  tield.  The  fun 
of  the  farce  is  the  contention  of  the 
Grubs  about  a  suitable  husband,  their  joy 
at  finding  they  have  all  selected  Mr. 
Bevil,  and  their  amazement  at  discovering 
that  uiere  are  three  ol  the  same  name. 

Cross  Questions  and  Crooked 
Answers.  An  Irish  xtcriiit  about  to 
be  inspected  by  Frederick  the  Great,  was 
told  be  would  be  asked  these  questions : 
(1)  Howoldareyou?  (2)  Howlonghave 
you  been  in  the  service?  (3)  Are  yon 
content  with  your  pay  and  rations  ?  So 
he  prepared  his  answers  accordingly. 
But  it  so  happened  that  the  king  began 
with  the  second  question :  "  How  lon^ 
have  you  been  in  the  service  ?  "  Paddy 
glibly  replied,"  Twenty  years."  "  Why,** 
said  the  king,  "how  old  are  you?"  "Six 
months."  **Six  months}"  refined  the 


king ;  "  surely  either  yon  or  1  miisl  te 
mad  1 "  "  Yes,  both,  yoor  majesty.** 

Some  Highlanders,  coming  to  Knglaad 
for  employ,  conceived  iiiey  woi^  te 
asked  (1)  Who  are  you?  (2)  Wh^  do 
you  come  here  ?  and  that  the  qne8tioiiM> 
might  then  say,  "  No,  I  don*t  want  yonr 
service.*' '  Scarcely  had  they  crossed  tibe 
border  than  they  came  to  tiie  body  of'a 
man  who  had  been  murdered.  Tbey 
stopped  to  look  at  it,  when  a  constable 
came  up  and  said,  "Who  did  this?** 
"We  three  H^hlanders,"  was  the  pre- 
pared answer.  "  Why  did  yon  do  it?** 
said  the  constable.  "  For  the  money  and 
the  silver,*'  was  the  answer  they  had 
prepared.  "Yon  scoundrels,"  said  the 
I  constable,  "I  shall  hang  vou  for  t&is.** 
"  If  yon  don't,  another  will,**  said'  the 
men,  and  were  preparing  to  go  away, 
when  they  were  marched  off  to  jail. 

Cross'myloof^  »  lawyer.— Sir  W. 
Scott,  Heart  of  MiaUothian  (time,  George 

Crothar,  "  lord  of  Atha,**  in  Con- 
naught  (then  called  Alnec'ma).  He  was 
the  first  and  most  powerful  chief  of  the 
Fir-bolg  ("bowmen  )  or  Belgn  from  Bri- 
tain who  colonized  the  southern  parte  of 
Ireland.  Crothar  carried  off  ConLa'ma, 
daughter  of  Oithmin  a  chief  of  the  Cae^ 
or  Caledonians  who  had  colonized  the 
northern  parts  of  Ireland  and  held  their 
court  in  Ulster.  As  Ccmlama  was  be- 
trothed to  Turloch  a  Cul,  he  made  tm 
irruption  into  Connaught,  slew  (^rmul, 
but  was  himself  slain  by  Crothar,  Connul'e 
brother.  The  feud  now  became  general, 
"  Blood  poured  on  blood,  and  £rin*8 
clouds  were  hung  with  ghosts."  The 
Cael  being  reduced  to  the  1^  extremity, 
Tnithel  (Uie  grandfather  of  Fin^)  sent 
Conar  (son  of  Trenmor)  to  their  relief. 
Conar,  on  his  arrival  in  Ulster,  was 
chosen  king,  and  the  Fir-bolg  being 
subdued,  he  called  himself  "  the  king  cf 
Ireland." — Ossian,  TemorOf  iL 

Crothar,  vassal  king  of  Croma  (ixk 
Irdand),  held  under  Artho  over-lord  uf 
all  Ireland.  Crothar,  being  blind  with 
age,  was  attacked  by  Rothmar  chief  of 
Iromlo,  who  resolved  to  annex  Croma  to 
his  own  dominion  Crothar  sent  to 
Fin^  for  aid,  and  Fingal  sent  his  soa 
Ossian  with  tm  army ;  but  before  he 
eould  arrive  Fovar-Gormo,  a  son  of 
Crothar,  attacked  the  invader,  but  was 
defeated  and  slain.  When  Osiiaa 
reached  Ubter,  he  attacked  the  yicioziowi 


CB0TOKA*S  SAGE. 


M 


CRUCIFIXION. 


r,  mod  iMlfc  footed  the  tamj  «o4 
ikv  tite  chief. — OMSan,  Ctoma, 

Cnt(fikB,*B  Sapte,  Pytha^nw,  to 
etUed  bwawe  his  first  and  chief  school 
of  piuloeoph/  wtm  estahliahed  at  Cfo- 
tttaa  (fl.  S.C.  540). 

Czoiloh'iiiA8>  from  the  inTentioa  at 
fhe  Crms  to  St.  Helenas  Day,  U.  fxmm 
May  3  to  August  18.  HaUiweU,  in  his 
Arckak  Dietiomary^  aays  it  means  ^  Christ* 
was,"  but  this  is  wholly  impossible,  as 
TsMcf^  in  \tia  '*May  Kemembr^ees,*' 
■STs:  **fTom  ball  oow  fMt,  tiH  Crouch- 
BUMS  be  past,  ue.  St.  Helenas  Day^" 
The  void  means  "  CrossHBas.** 

Cr>W.  A»  the  crew  jiia&,  that  is, 
tetgfat  from  the  point  of  starting  to  the 
Dcint  to  be  reachM,  without  being  turned 
trem  the  path  by  houses,  rivers,  hills,  or 
other  obstacles,  which  do  not  divert  the 
en>v  firom  its  flight.  The  AmoMiHtni^  call 
it"TbeBee-Iinc'' 

Crowde'rOy  one  of  tha  rabble  leaders 
eooiimtercd  by  Uudlbras  at  a  bear- 
bsitiagk  The  academy  figure  of  this 
disracter  was  Jackson  or  Jephson,  a 
milliner  in  the  New  Exchange,  Strand, 
London.  He  lost  a  leg  in  the  service  of 
tbe  roundheads,  and  was  reduced  to  the 
mcesnty  of  earning  a  living  by  olaying 
oa  tiie  crwed  or  onmtk  from  ale-hoose 
t»  ale  hoiMW.  -8.  Butler,  HwUbras,  1.  2 
(lfi64). 

(The  eroitik  was  a  long  box-shaped 
iiHtnuaent,  with  six  or  more  strings,  sup^ 
ported  by  a  bridge.  It  was  played  widi 
a  bow.  The  last  noted  performer  on  this 
ioftrament  waa  John  Morgan,  a  Welsh-' 
man,  who  died  1720.) 

Crowe  {Oaptain)f  tiie  attendant  of  sir 
Luneelot  Greaves  (1  sy/.),  in  his  peregri- 
Bstaoos  to  reform  society.  Sir  Launcelot 
is  a  modem  don  Quixote,  and  captain 
Crowe  is  his  Sancho  Panza. 


A  MMralMat  arip  In  Ik* 

ymn.  anJ  m*«d  mne 

traSk.    H«  «M  SB  «x- 

aeUv*.  MaMy  la  his  wur.  and 

t.  hut  w  Uttl*  aorailiitsd  vUb  Um 

cfalM  :  vfalmdcal.  tmiMUini^  and  so 

[  he  ooold  not  help  bnoiUnK  in  ■'POO  th« 

WkmUwt  it  might  hm,  wtth  npmtmi  lutcr- 

Wban  Iw  himaatf  attwBptoa  to  ti^X,  be 

his  period.— T.  SaoUotlt  Tkm  A* 


Crowfleld  (CkHgiopher)^  a  pseu- 
donym of  Mrs.  Harriet  Beecher  Stowe 
(WH-       ). 

Crown.  Godfrey,  when  made  the 
over-lord  of  Jerusalem,  or  *'  Baron  of  the 
Holy  Sepulchre,'*  rafusad  to  wear  a  crowm 


of  gold  where  his  Sairionr  had  only  worn 

a  crown  of  thorns. 

Canute,  after  the  rebuke  he  gave  to  hit 

flaUerers,  refused  to  wear  thenc^ortlt  any 

symbol  of  royalty  at  all. 

OMMMi  (tnith  worth*  to  he  laovn^ 

From  OuU  doe  forai  did  for  lilt  brovi  dbovQ 

ae  etwiUtf  e—  y  bi4  uf  »  aNlm^ 

fcteeming  aarttdr  wytty 

rneautpluaua  uid  vikia. 

Crawn  ai  the  Bast,  Aatioeh,  ats^ 
called  **  Aatiocb  the  BeautifuL** 

Crown  of  Ionia,  Smyrna^  the 
largest  cily  of  Asia  Minor. 

C^wns.  Byron,  in  Ehit  Jwm^  says 
the  sultan  is  ^master  fl€  thirty  king- 
doms" (canto  vi.  90).  The  eaar  of 
Russia  is  proclaimed  as  sovereign  of 
seventeen  crowns. 

*«*  Of  course  the  sultan  is  no  longer 
master  of  thirty  kingdoms,  1879. 

Cro-wned  after  Death*  Ines  da 
Castro  was  exhumed  six  years  after  her 
assassination,  and  crowned  queen  of 
Portugal  by  her  husband,  don  Pedr.. 
(See  Inez  de  Castro.) 

Crowqtdll  {Alfred),  KttctA  Henry 
Forrester,  author  of  Leaves  from  my 
AfemorandUm^Book  (1869),  one  of  ths 
artists  of  Ftmoh  (180&-18/2). 

Croye  (Isabelie  countess  «/),  a  ward 
of  Charles  "the  Bold,"  duke  of  Burgundy* 
She  first  appears  at  the  turret  wiB4ow  in 
Plessis  l^s  Tours,  disguised  as  Jacqueline  a 
and  her  marriage  with  Queniin  Durward 
concludes  the  novel. 

The  countess  HameUne  of  Chroye^  aunt 
to  countess  Isabelle.  First  dii^uised  as 
Dame  Perotte  (2  syL)  at  Plessis  Ids 
Tours ;  afterwardfi  married  to  William  de 
la  Marck.-<Sir  W.  Scott,  Quentm  Dur- 
ward (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Cr<M/e  {Jllonseigneur  cfe  ia),  an  oiBcer  of 
Charles  '*the  Bold,"  duke  of  Burgundy. 
— Sir  W.  Scott)  Anne  of  Oeierslein  (time, 
Edward  IV.). 

Croysa'do  ( The  Great),  general  lord 
Fairfax  (lGll-1671).— S.  BuUer,  Jludi- 
bras. 

Cruoiflzion  (Tf^e),  When  CJlovis 
was  told  the  story  of  Uie  Crucifixion,  he 
exclaimed,  **  Had  I  and  my  Flunks  been 
there,  we  woold  soon  have  avenged  tha 
wrong." 

When  Crillon  **the  Brave**  heard  tht 
tale,  he  grew  so  excited  that  he  could  not 
contain  Mmself,  and  starting  up  in  tii# 


CRUDOR. 


CUCKOO. 


chnich,  he  cried  alond,  Ou  ^tais  tu, 
CrUhnl  ('' Wbmt  were  you  about,  Crillon, 
to  Allow  of  such  deeds  as  these  ?  ") 

Crudor  (Ar),  the  knight  who  told 
Bria'na  he  would  not  marry  her  till  she 
brought  him  enoneh  hair,  consisting  of 
ladies*  locks  and  the  beards  of  knights, 
to  purfle  his  cloak  with.  In  order  to 
obtain  this  loTC-gift,  the  lady  established 
a  toll,  bv  which  every  lady  who  passed 
her  castle  had  to  give  the  hair  of  her 
head,  and  eveiv  knight  his  beard,  as 
**  passing  pay,  or  eue  fight  for  ^eir 
lives.  Sir  Crudor  being  overthrown  by 
sir  Calidore,  Briana  was  compelled  to 
abolish  this  toll« — Spenser,  Fa^ry  Queen^ 
V.  1  (1596). 

Cruel  {The\  Pedro  king  of  Castile 
(1334,  1350-18«>9). 

Cruik'shanks  (Ebenezer),  landlord 
of  the  Golden  Candlestick  inn. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Waverley  (time,  George  II.). 

Crum'mles  {Mr,  Vincent),  the 
eccentric  but  kind-hearted  manager  of 
the  Portsmouth  Theatre. 


It 


Uiat  ttie  wrttar  dieuM.  Um  Mr. 


IMO6HU7  ti 
Cnnnntlw.  dnnuMHt.  construct  bis  pIccs  In  the  Intsnst 
or  "  tbs  pump  and  wwhlng-tubs."— ^.  FitJ«enJd. 

Mrs.  Crummies,  wife  of  Mr.  Vincent 
Crummies,  a  stov^  ponderous,  tragedy- 
queen  sort  of  a  lady.  She  walks  or 
rather  stalks  like  Jady  Macbeth,  and 
always  speaks  theatriodlv.  Like  her 
husband,  she  is  full  of  kindness,  and 
always  willing  to  help  the  needy. 

Mtss  Nmetta  Crummies,  daughter  of 
the  manager,  and  called  in  the  pTay-bills 
"the  infimt  phenomenon.'* — C.  Dickens, 
Nicholas  Nickleby  (1838). 

Crumthormo,  one  of  the  Orkney  or 
Shetland  Islands.— -Ossian,  Cath-Loda, 

Cruncher  (Jerry),  an  odd-job  man 
in  Tellson's  bank.  His  wife  was  con- 
tinually saying  her  prayers,  which  Jerry 
termed  "flopping."  He  was  a  "resurrec- 
tion man." — C.  Dickens,  A  Taie  of  Trco 
Cities  (1859). 

Crupp  (ifr5.),  a  tvpical  humbug,  who 
let  chambers  in  Buckm^am  Str^  for 
voung  gentlemen.  David  Coppcrfield 
lodged  with  her. — C.  Dickens,  David 
Cvpperfield  (1849). 

Crushed  by  Ornaments.  Tar- 
peia,  daughter  of  the  governor  of  the 
Koroan  citadel  on  the  Satumian  Hill,  was 
tempted  by  the  gold  on  the  Sabine 
bracelets  and  collars  to  open  a  gate  of 
the  fortress  to  the  besi^^ers,  on  condition 


that  they  would  give  her  the  oniamflBte 
which  they  wore  on  their  arms.  Tarpeia 
opened  the  gate,  and  tht*  Sabines  as  tbey 
passed  threw  on  her  their  shields,  sajring, 
"These  are  the  ornaments  worn  by  the 
Sabines  on  their  arms,"  and  the  maid  was 
crushed  to  death.  G.  Gilfillan,  alluding 
to  Longfellow,  has  this  enoDeons  iQla- 
sion: 

ts.  anUkt  Umw  of  tks  8ftF4M  {tte\  naSA, 
him.— imrpd  attorn  Mma$  Is 


Crusoe  (Bobmson),  the  hero  and  title 
of  a  novel  \>y^  Daniel  Defoe.  Robinson 
Crusoe  is  a  shipwrecked  sailor,  who  leads 
a  solitary  life  tor  many  years  on  a  desert 
island,  and  relieves  the  tedium  of  life  by 
ingenious  contrivances  (1719). 

(The  stoiy  is  based  on  the  adventures 
of  Alexander  Selkirk,  a  Scotch  sailor, 
who  in  1704  was  left  by  captain  Stradding 
on  the  uninhabited  island  of  Juan  Fer- 
nandez. Here  he  remained  for  four  years 
and  four  months,  when  he  was  rescued 
bv  captain  Woods  Rog^s  and  brought  to 
JEuigland.) 


Was  tbflrs  svw  anytMnf  vrittMi  bf  man  msa  that 
the  rssder  whbed  lonysr  ssospt  IfoMmsw  Cntsos.  J)9m 
QiMjBQte,  Slid  The  PUgrtm't  Pfytgrtm  /—Dr.  Johnsoa. 

Cruth-Lioda,  the  war-god  of  the 
ancient  Gaels. 

On  thjr  top.  U>thonno;  dwells  th*  uMf  Loda;  A» 
ItouBSofthafplritsof  nen.  In  the  sod  of  his  chmdr  hall 
bsodsfbnranlOntthaoda  of  swords.  His  fanu  Is  dhnlf 
I  amid  ths  wavy  nista.  hto  ili^t  hnnd  Is  00  his  iUdi 
f\it*  Litit- 


Cr7Btal1ine(7%tf).  According  to  the 
theory  of  Ptolemy,  the  cirstalliue  s|d:iere 
comes  after  and  beyond  the  firmament  or 
sphere  of  the  fixed  stars.  It  has  a  shim- 
mering motion,  which  somewhat  inter- 
feres with  that  of  the  stars. 

Tbcnr  pais  the  planeti  ssfsn.  and  pass  tha  "  find.* 
And  that  emialUns  nhars  whoss  bafaHics  ««||ha 
Tba  trepUaUon  talksd  [</). 

Mttton.  Parodist  U»t,  m.  (1SS9). 

Cuckold  King  (The),  sir  Mark  of 
Cornwall,  whose  wife  Ysolde  [£.80Uf] 
intrigued  with  sir  Tristram  (his  nephew), 
one  of  the  knights  of  the  Round  Table. 

Cuckoo.  Plinv  (Nat,  Hist,  x.  9)  says : 
"Cuckoos  lay  always  in  other  birds' 
nests." 

But,  rinoe  the  endkoo  hoUds  not  for  hlmadf, 
Bsmaln  In  *t  as  tbou  mafit. 

ilnfeigr  oMt  Ctoc!f»«ra,  act  U.  so.  •(leOS). 


(The  Bohemians  say  the  festivals  of 
the  Yirgin  used  to  be  held  sacred  even  by 
dumb  animals,  and  that  on  these  sacred 
dajrs  all  the  birds  of  the  air  ceased  build- 
ing their  nests  except  the  cuckoo,  which 
was  therefore  doomed  to  wander  without 
having  a  nest  of  its  own.) 


CUDDIE. 


227 


'CUMNOR  HALL. 


Cud'die  or  Cutrbbbt  Hbadrigo, 
a  ploughman,  in  the  service  of  Indy 
belleaden  of  the  Tower  of  TilUetodlem. 
-Sir  W.  Scott,  Old  Mortality  (time, 
Qurlet  IL). 

Caddy,  *  herdsman,  in  Spenser's 
SKephearde's  Calendar,  in  three  edognes 
of  vfaich  Cuddy  is  introduced : 

KcL  u.  is  a  dialo^e  between  Thenot 
and  Cuddy,  in  which  Cuddy  is  a  lad 
who  comnlains  of  the  cold,  and  Thenot 
laments  Uie  d^reneracy  of  pastoral  life. 
At  one  time  shepherds  and  herdsmen 
were  hardy,  frugal,  and  contented ;  but 
nowadays,  he  says,  **  they  are  effeminate, 
laxorions,  and  ambitions.*  He  then  tells 
Caddy  the  fable  of  **The  Oak  and  the 
Biamble.**    (Sec  Thbhot.) 

Ed.  viii.  Cuddy  is  a  full-grown  man, 
appointed  umpire  to  decide  a  contention 
in  song  between  the  two  shepherds,  Willy 
snd  Perigot.  He  pronounced  each  to  be 
worthy  of  the  prize,  and  then  sings  to 
them  the  **  Lament  of  Colin  for  Kosa^ 
lind." 

Ed.  X.  IS  between  Pfers  and  Cuddy, 
tiw  subject  bang  "divine  poetry." 
Caddy  dedares  no  poet  would  be  equal  to 
Colin  if  his  mind  were  not  unhappily 
nahinced  by  disappointed  love. — Spenser, 
The  8kBplieeard^9  Cdiendar  (1579). 

CfnUtft  *  shepherd,  who  boasts  that  the 
dksms  of  his  Buxo'ma  far  exceed  those 
of  Blonzelinda.  Lobbin,  who  is  Blouze- 
linda's  swain,  repels  tiie  boast,  and  the 
two  abei^erds  agree  to  sing  the  praises 
of  their  respective  shepherdesses,  and  to 
make  Ood'dipole  arbiter  of  their  con- 
tention. Cloddipole  listens  to  their 
Alternate  verses,  pronounces  that  "  bodi 
merit  an  oaken  staff,"  but,  says  he,  "  the 
herds  are  weary  of  the  songs,  and  so  am 
I."-<Say,  Pastoralj  i.  (1714). 

(This  eclogue  is  m  imitation  of  Virgil's 
<&/.  iii.) 

CulBono?  "Cf  what  practical  use 
a  it?  "—Sec  Cicero,  Pro  Mtlone,  xii.  82. 

and  flaw* 


,  did  eonunooljr 

^ am  new  pnU«ei  *••  proponaded  auto 

bi«.  "UU  hooot'^  Whmt  wood  would  eiwoe  in  cm*  the 
■j^«wi«AcMdY-Th.  raOar.  Wwtkim  {"  lbs  Dmign, 


Cnldees  (Le.  sequaUred  persons)^ 
fte  primitive  clergy  of  presbyterian 
cnarMter,  esteUiahed  in  lo'na  or  Icolm- 
kiU  [Attrfmnft-jbZn  by  St.  Columb  and 
^wdre  of  his  followers  in  663.  They 
nlno  founded   similar  dinrch   establish- 

■*nt8  at  Abemethy,    Dunkeld,    Kirk-       grounawom  vi  uis  ivenuwormf  wnico  no 
ealdy  [Kirk-Culdee],  etc.,  and  at  Lindcs-    \  called  Cwnnor  Hall,  but  Constable,  his 


fame,  in  England.  Some  say  as  many  as 
800  churches  were  founded  by  them. 
Augustine,  a  bishop  of  Waterford,  began 
against  Hbem  in  1176  a  war  of  exter- 
mination, when  Chose  who  could  escape 
songht  refuge  in  lona,  the  original  cradle . 
of  the  sect,  and  were  not  driven  thence 
tilll203. 

Peace  to  tbefr  ihadat  I  tho  pore  OuUma 
Wen  Albjra'k  liletlMt4e»]  aarllert  pri«ta  of  God. 
■re  rat  nn  Uand  of  her  mm 
By  Mwt  of  Sasoa  BMwk  was  trod. 

GMnpbdl.  JlMtOww, 

Chilloch  {Sawney),  a  pedlar.— Sir  W. 
Scott,    Guy    Matwering    (time,    Gcorgt 

Cumberland  (John  of).  "  The  devil 
and  John  of  CumberUnd  is  a  blunder 
for  "The  devil  and  John-a-Cumber.** 
John-a-Cnmber  was  a  fimions  Scotdi 
magician. 

H«  poite  to  SeoClaad  for  biara  Ivlkn  a  niailf. 
Tbo  oalr  maa  renovnde  for  mactck  skill. 
Oft  have  I  heard  be  ones  kesuflde  the  devilL 
^  Mund^r.  J9km-^KmU  mmd  Jokmrm-Oumitr  (UMQl 

Cumberland  (WUliam  Augustus  duke 
of),  commander-in-diief  of  the  armyof 
George  II.,  whose  son  he  was.  The 
duke  was  especially  celebrated  for  his 
victory  of  Cullo'den  (1746)  ;  but  he  was 
called  "The  Butcher"  from  the  great 
severity  with  which  he  stamped  out  the 
clan  system  of  the  Scottish  Highlanders. 
He  was  wounded  in  the  leg  at  the  battle 
of  Dettingen  (1748).  Sir  W.  Scott  has 
introducedf  him  in  Waverlsy  (time, 
George  II.). 

Prood  Cumberland  pnuioet.  Intuiting  tb«  daln. 
And  their  hoof^baaten  bomna  we  trod  to  the  plain. 
Ouupbeil.  LockUtt  Wmmin0. 

Cumberland  Poet  {The),  William 
Wordsworth,  bom  at  Cockermouth 
(1770-1860). 

Cumlbria.  It  included  Cumberland, 
Dumbarton.  Renfrew,  Ayr,  Lanark, 
Peebles,  Selkirk,  Roxburgh,  and  Dum- 
fries 

Ciunnor  Hall,  a  ballad  by  Mickie, 
the  lament  of  Amy  Robsart,  who  had 
been  won  and  thrown  awa^  by  the  earl 
of  Leicester.  She  says  if  roses  and 
lilies  grow  in  courts,  why  did  he  pluck 
the  primrose  of  the  field,  which  some 
country  swain  might  have  won  and 
valued?  Thus  sore  and  sad  the  lady 
grieved  in  Cumnor  Hail,  and  ere  dawn 
tne  death  bell  rang,  and  never  more  was 
that  countess  seen. 


♦»♦  Sir  W.  Scott  took  this  for  the 
groundwork  of  his  Kenilworth,  which  ho 


CUNEGONDE. 


228 


CURTAIN  PAINTED. 


publieher,  indaced  him  to  change  the 
DHine. 

Ciindgonde  lKu^.na,(j<md]y  the 
mistress  of  Candide  (2  syt.)^  in  Voltaire*8 
novel  called  Candide,  Steroe  spells  it 
"CunCgund." 

Cun'nineham  (Archie)^  one  of  the 
archers  of  the  Scotch  flru^'ds  at  Plessis 
I^  Toofs,  in  the  pay  of  iLouis  XI. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Qumtin  Durvoard  (time,  Ed- 
ward IV.). 

Cu'no,  the  ranger,  father  of  Agatha. 
—Weber,  Der  tlreitcMitM  (1822). 

Cuno'beline,  a  king  of  the  Sil'nrds, 
son  of  Tasciov'anus  and  father  of  Carac- 
tikstts.  Coins  still  exist  bearing  the 
name  of  **  Cunobeline,"  and  the  word 
<*Camalodunum"  [Colchester],  the 
capital  of  his  kingdom.  The  Roman 
general  between  a.d.  43  and  47  was 
Aulus  Plautias,  but  in  47  Ostorius 
BcapCUa  took  Caractacos  prisoner. 

Some  think  Cunobelme  is  Shake- 
speare's "  Cymbeline,**  who  reigned  from 
B.C.  8  to  A.  D.  27  ;  but  Cymbeline*s  father 
was  Tenantius  or  Tenuantius,  his  sons 
Guide'rius  and  Arvir'ai^us,  and  the  Roman 
general  was  Caius  Lucius. 

.  .  .  the  couniceoui  MM  of  our  CmMbaDn 
Sank  under  PlwUtu'  tword. 

Orajrton.  PtflyolMMt.  tUL  (ISU). 

Ounstanee  or  Constanee.    (See 

CUSTANCB.) 

Cupar  Justloe,  hang  first,  and  try 
afterwards.  (Same  as  **Jedbary  Jus- 
tice.") 

Ctipid  and  Psyche  [^'.%1,  an 
episode  in  The  Ooiden  Asa  of  Apuleius. 
Ihe  allegory  represents  Cupid  m  love 
with  Psych6.  He  visited  her  erery 
evening,  and  left  at  sunrise,  but  strictly 
enjoin^  her  not  to  attempt  to  discover 
who  he  was.  One  night  curiosity  over- 
came her  prudence,  and  going  to  look 
upon  her  lover  a  drop  of  hot  oil  fell  on 
his  shoulder,  awoke  him,  and  he  fled. 
Psych6  now  wandered  in  search  of  the 
lost  one,  but  was  persecuted  by  Venus 
with  relentless  cruelty.  Having  suffered 
almost  to  the  death,  Cupid  at  length 
married  her,  and  she  became  immortal. 
Mrs.  Tighe  has  a  poem  on  the  subject; 
Wm.  Morris  has  poetized  the  same  in 
his  Earthly  Paradise  (*'  May  ")  \  Lafon- 
taine  has  a  poem  called  PnycJi^,  in  imita- 
tion of  the  episode  of  Apuleius;  and 
Moli^re  has  dramatized  the  subject. 

*^*  Woman's  ideal  of  love  must  not 
be  subjected  to  too  strong  a  light,  or  it 
will  flee  away,  and  the  woman  will  suffer 


lomg  years  of  torment.  At  length  troth 
will  correct  her  exaggerated  Botlons,  and 
lore  will  reside  with  her  for  the  rest  of 
her  life. 

Oupid'8  Jack-o'-I<azitem,  the 

object  of  an  affair  of  gallantry.    Bob 

Acres  says : 

"  sir.  1  b*vt  foUowml  Cupids  Jaek•o*.lMte^^  hmI  flnd 
myself  In  *  quagniir*  at  ImL"— Sborldaii.  Th*  Mim^ 

Cu'pidon  (Jean),  Cbant  d'Orsav 
was  so  called  by  lord  Byron  (1798-1862). 
The  count's  father  was  styled  Le  Beau 
dOrsay, 

Cur'an,  a  courtier  in  Shakespeare's 
tragedy  of  King  Lear  (1606). 

Cur^  de  3Ceiidon,  Rabelais,  who 
waa  first  a  monk,  then  a  leech,  then 
prebendary  of  St.  Maur,  and  lastly  cortf 
of  Meudoo  (1483-1663). 

Cu'rio,  a  gentleman  attending  on  the 
duke  of  Illyria. — Shakespeare,  Twelfth 
Night  (1614). 

Cwrh,  So  Akenside  calls  Mr.  Pn2- 
teney,  and  styles  him  "  the  betrayer  of 
his  country,"  alluding  to  the  great  states- 
man's cluuige  of  politics.  Curio  was  a 
young  Roman  senator,  at  one  time  the 
avowed  enemy  of  Catsar,  but  subeeqnently 
of  Ciesar's  party,  and  one  of  the  victims 
of  the  civil  war. 


h  Uiii  Um  ouui  In  frMdonli  own  apworedL 
Tb«  nmn  ao  gnat,  m  honoured,  n  beloved  ... 
Thb  Curlok  luUed  now  uid  Kortied  br  all. 
Who  Ml  UmMlf  to  worl  bb  oountry't  bn  t 

AkeMdde.  Jjprfrtta  ce  A^to. 

Curious  Iinx>ertinent  {The),  a 
tale  introduced  by  Cervant^  in  his  IXm 
Quixote,  The  "  impertinent  '*  is  an 
Italian  gentleman  who  is  silly  enough 
to  make  trial  of  his  wife's  fidelity  by 
persuading  a  friend  to  storm  it  if  he 
can.  Of  course  his  friend  **  takes  the 
fort,"  and  the  fool  is  left  to  bewail  his 
own  folly.— Pt.  I.  iv.  6  (1606). 

Currer  Bell,  the  nom  de  plume  of 
CHiarlotte  Bronte,  author  of  Jane  Eyre 
[Avr]  (1816-1866). 

Curtain  Painted.  Parrhaaioa 
painted  a  curtain  so  wonderfully  well 
that  even  Zeuxis,  t]ie  rival  artist, 
thought  it  was  real,  and  bade  him  draw 
his  draperv  aside  and  show  his  picture, 
llie  painting  of  Zeuxis  was  a  bnnch  of 
grapes  so  true  to  nature  that  the  birds 
came  to  peck  at  the  fniit.  The  **  cur- 
tain,** however,  gained  Uie  prisce :  for 
though  the  gmpes  deceived  the  MnXs, 
tiie  curtain  deceived  Zeuxis. 


GUBTAJTA^ 


CUTHtJLUN. 


rna^  the  mmttd  of  Edhrard  the 
Coof  eator,  which  had  no  point,  and  was 
Uitluie  llie  emblem  of  mercj.  Till  the 
feign  of  UcoTj  III.  the  royal  tword  off 


4s  w9  ^tsi, 

the  sword 


ooCol  Its 


vffl 

Tot  hr  tte  iniattM 

Aa4  to  tb«  lain,  yoor 


Carta'nA  or 
of  Ogierthe  Duie. 


Cort-Hose  (2  syl.)^  Robert  IL  due 
de  Hommndie  (l<>d7<-1154). 

Onrt-Mantla,  Hcuy  IL  ef  Eng- 
kad  (lli»H  Ild4-U89;^  80  eiOled  be- 
caeM  he  mmn  the  Aiqoa  Bwille,  whkh 
mm  ibOTter  tfaaa  Ibe  robe  worn  by  bie 
predcoeaeor*. 

CJortiS,  one  of  Petmdiio's  servantf. 
— Shakeepeare,     Taming   of    the   Shrew 

[im). 

Cnr'aon  Street  (London),  So  named 
after  the  groimd-landlord,  ueorge  Aa- 
gostaa  Cnrxoo,  third  Tiaconnt  Uowe. 

Cushla  Maohree  (Iriah),  '*My 
bcaiTs  deBgfaft." 

Costanoey  daughter  of  the  emperor 
of  Keiae,  afiianoed.  to  the  aultaa  of  oyria, 
who  abiured  his  faith  and  cpnaentod  to 
be  baptized  in  order  to  nuury  her.  His 
BMlber  hated  this  apostacy,  and  at  the 
veddinf  breakfast  slew  all  the  apostates 
eiccpt  oie  bride.  Her  she  embarked  in  a 
dtip,  vbich  was  set  adrift,  and  in  dne 
tine  reached  the  British  shores,  where 
^^Mtanfn  was  mcoed  by  the  lord-con- 
iteble  of  Northumberland,  who  took  her 
bome^  and  placed  her  ander  the  care  oi 
kb  wife  Hermcgild*  Custance  converted 
boih  the  constable  and  his  wife.  A 
yonng  knight  wished  to  marry  her,  but 
ibe  declined  his  suit,  whereupon  he 
murdered  Herm^M,  and  then  laid  the 
bloody  knife  beside  Custance,  to  make  her 
suspected  of  the  crime.  King  Alia  ex- 
aouned  the  case,  and  soon  discovered  the 
real  facts,  whereupon  the  knij^ht  was  exe- 
cuted, and  the  kin^  married  Custance. 
The  qoccn-fflother  hif^Iv  disapproved  of 
the  matdi,  and  during  the  absence  of  her 
son  in  Scotland  embarked  Custance  and 
ber  infant  boy  in  a  ship,  which  was 
turned  adrift.  After  floatwg  about  for 
five  years,  it  was  taken  in  tow  by  a 
Roman  diet  on  its  retnm  from  Syria,  and 
CuaUoce  with  ber  son  Uaurice  became 
the  guests  of  a  Boman  senator,    it  so 


happened  tiiat  Albi  at  this  same  time 
at  nomeon  a  pilgrnnage^  and  encountered 
bis  wife,  who  returned  with  him  to 
Nortbombertaad  and  lived  in  peace  and 
happiBess  the  rest  of  ber  Kfe.---Chauccr, 
(hnterbmrf  Taiee  (*«  The  Man  ifi  Law's 
Tale,**  1888). 

Custance,  a  gay  and  rich  widow,  whom 
Ralph  Roister  Doistcr  winbes  to  marry, 
but  he  is  whoUv  baffled  in  his  scheme. — 
Nicholas  Udali^  £aiph  Ruister  Douter 
(first  English  comedy,  1534). 

Cute  {Alderman)f  a  "  praetleal  pliUo- 
sof^ei,**  resolved  to  put  down  every&iBg. 
In  his  opinion  **  every  thine  most  be  put 
down.**  Starvation  must  be  put  down, 
and  so  roust  suicidejsick  nsethers, babies, 
and  poverty.^O.  LNckena,  The  Chmee 
(1844). 


aa  Uthal,  one  of  the 


Cuthaly 
Orkneys. 

Cuthbert  (St,),  a  Sooldi  monk  of 
the  sixth  csutmy. 

St,  Ctdhberfs    Beatk,   joints   of    tfie 

artiealated  sterna  of  enerinitea,  used  for 

rosaries.    So  called  from  the  legend  tbal 

St.  Cuthbert  siU  at  night  on  the  rock  in 

Holy   Island,    forging   these    **  beads.** 

The  oppoeiiB  rock  serves  him  for  soviL 

OaaiMfccf  Uii^ifw 
St.  QrthlMrt  ata.  Mid  toO*  to  f  nuM 
TlM«»born Umtrntbat  bmr hb hmmu 

flr  W.  Soott.  Jforrtfaw  (UIS). 

St.  Cuthberfs  Stane,  a  granite  lock 
hi  Cumberland. 

St,  Cuthbert'i  Welly  a  spring  of  water 
elese  by  St.  Cuthbert* s  Stane. 

Cuthbert  Bede,  the  Bev.  Edw. 
Bradley,  author  of  Verdant  Green  (1867). 

Oatho'nay  dang^iter  ef  Bmnar,  i»as 
betrothed  to  Conlath,  youngest  son  of 
Momi,  of  Mora*  Mot  long  before  the 
espousals  were  to  be  celebrated,  Toscar 
came  from  Ireland,  and  was  hosQitably 
entertained  by  Homi.  On  the  fourth  day, 
he  saw  Cnthona  out  hunting,  and  carried 
her  off  by  force.  Bein^  pursued  bv 
Conlath,  a  fight  ensued,  m  which  both 
the  young  men  ^ill,  and  Cuthona,  after 
langttidiing  for  three  days,  died  also.^- 
Ossum,  QmkUh  and  Cuihuna^ 

Cuthullill,  son  of  Semo,  commander 
of  the  Irish  army,  and  regent  during  the 
minority  of  Cormac.  11  is  Wife  was 
Brag'da,  daughter  of  Sorglan.  In  the 
poem  called  Ftntjal,  Cuthullin  was  de* 
leated  by  Swaran  king  of  Loi:hlin 
\Scandinaoia\,  and    bemg   sshamaii    lo 


CUTLER. 


280 


CTLLABOS. 


Fingftl^  retired  from  the  field  gloomy 
and  Biid.  Fmgal,  having  utterly  defeat^ 
Swaran,  invited  Cnthullin  to  the  ban- 
quet, and  partially  restored  his  depreaaed 
spirits.  In  the  third  year  of  Cormac*t 
reigUf  Torlath,  son  of  Can'tela,  rebelled. 
Cuthullin  gained  a  complete  victory  over 
him  at  the  lake  Lego,  but  was  mortally 
wounded  in  the  pursuit  by  a  random 
arrow.  Cnthullin  was  succeeded  by 
Nathos,  but  the  young  king  was  soon 
dethroned  by  the  rebel  Cairbar,  and 
murdered. — Ossian, /¥nya/ and  ITte  Death 
of  CutkuUm. 

Cutler  (Sir  John)y  a  ro3ralist,  who 
died  1699,  redoeed  to  Ihe  utmost  poverty. 

CttU«r  mw  tananta  bcvak.  and  booMs  fall. 

For  v««7  want  he  oaold  not  bttOd  a  waO. 

Hit  oov  daugbtar  In  »  ftnutfei'i  powar. 

For  verjr  want  be  eouM  not  my  «  doirer. 

A  (ew  grajr  bain  bia  rarerend  tani|ilea  w owned. 

Twa>  very  want  that  told  them  for  two  pound. . . . 

OuUar  and  BnUm.  djrlnf.  both  aadalm. 

**  Virtue  and  Wealth,  arhat  are  ya  but  a  name  f  " 

Pope.  M«rul  Any*,  ill.  (17(»). 

Cutpurse  (Moll),  Mary  Frith,  the 
heroine  of  lliddleton's  comedy  called  Ths 
Soaring  Girl  (1611).  She  was  a  woman 
of  masculine  vigour,  who  not  unfre- 
quently  assumed  man*s  attire.  This 
notorious  cut-purse  once  attacked  general 
Fairfax  on  llounslow  Heath,  but  was 
arrested  and  sent  to  Newgate;  she  es- 
caped, however,  by  bribing  the  turnkey, 
and  died  of  dropsy  at  the  age  of  75. 
Nathaniel  Field  introduces  her  in  his 
drama  called  Amends  for  LadUea  (1618). 

Cuttle  (Captain  Edward) y  a  great 
friend  of  Solomon  Gills,  ship's  instru- 
ment maker.  Captain  Cuttle  had  been  a 
skipper,  had  a  hook  instead  of  a  right 
hand,  and  always  wore  a  very  hard, 
glazed  hat.  He  was  in  the  habit  of 
quoting,  and  desiring  those  to  whom  he 
spoke  **to  overhaul  the  catechism  till 
they  found  it ;  *'  but,  he  added,  "  when 
found,  make  a  note  on.**  The  kind- 
hearted  seaman  was  verv  fond  of 
Florence  Dombey,  and  of  Walter  Gay, 
whom  he  caUed  "  Wal'r.**  When  Flo- 
rence left  her  father's  roof,  captain 
Cuttle  sheltered  her  at  the  Wooden 
Midshipman.  One  of  his  favourite 
sentiments  was  "  May  we  never  want  a 
friend,  or  a  bottle  to  give  him."— C. 
JJickens,  Dotiibey  and  Son  (1846). 

(«  When  found,  make  a  note  of**  is  the 
motto  of  Notes  and  Qmritis,) 

Cyau'eau    Books,    the    Symple'- 

5kd&  (which  sec),  so  called  from  their 
eep  greenish-blue  colour. 

Ban  an  tboaa  hard  rocka  of  trap  of  a  greialsh-blne 


coloorad  vUh 
-Olhier. 

Cyolades  (B  sylX  some  twenty 
islands,  so  called  from  tne  classic  legend 
that  they  circled  round  Ddloe  when  that 
island  was  roidered  stationary  by  the 
birth  of  Diana  and  Apollo. 

Cyclic  Poets,  a  series  of  epic  poets, 
who  wrote  continuations  or  additions  to 
Homer's  Iliad  and  Odyssey ;  they  were 
called  **  Cyclic  '*  because  they  confined 
themselves  to  the  eyde  of  the  Trojan 
war. 

Ao'iAS  wrote  an  epic  on  **  the  retam  of 
the  Greeks  from  Troy  "  (b.c.  740). 

Akcti'nos  wrote  a  continuation  of  tiie 
Iliadj  describing  the  taking  of  Troy  by 
the  **  Wooden  Horse,**  and  its  conflagca- 
tion.  Virgil  has  copied  from  this  poet 
(b.c.  776). 

Eu'oAMOM  wrote  a  continuation  of  the 
Odyssey,  It  contains  the  adventures  of 
Teleg'onos  in  search  of  his  father 
Ulysses.  When  he  reached  Ith'aca, 
Ulysses  and  Telemachos  went  against 
him,  and  Telegonos  killed  Ulysses  with 
a  spear  which  bis  mother  Circ£  had  given 
him  (h.c.  568). 

Les'ch^,  author  of  the  Little  Iliad,  in 
four  books,  containing  the  fate  of  Ajax, 
the  exploits  of  Philoc^tds,  Neoptol'emos, 
and  Ulysses,  and  the  final  otpture  of 
Troy  (II.C.  708). 

Stasi'nos,  **  son-in-law '*  of  Homer. 
He  wrote  an  introduction  to  the  Hiad, 

Cycloi>8.  Their  names  are  BrontCs, 
Steropes,  and  Aig^  (See  Sufi/tiAi>, 
voy.  JJ.) 

Cyclops  (^The  Holy),  So  Pryden,  in  the 
Masque  of  Albion  and  Alwtnius,  calls 
Kichard  Rumbold,  an  EngUshman,  the 
chief  conspirator  iu  the  "  Ryehouse  Plot.'* 
He  had  lost  one  eye,  and  was  executed. 

Cydip'l>e  (8  sy/.),  a  lady  courted  by 
Acontius  of  Cea,  but  being  unable  to 
obtain  her,  he  wrote  on  an  apple,  **  I 
swear  bv  Diana  that  Acontius  shall  be  my 
husband."  This  apple  was  presented  to 
the  maiden,  and  being  persuaded  that  she 
had  written  the  words,  though  inadver- 
tently, she  consented  to  marry  Acontius 
for  **  the  oath's  sake.'* 


ChU 
Wril 


Jppe  bjr  a  letter  waa  ba(n|«i. 
rlt  on  an  apple  lo  tb*  onwaiy  maU. 

OirU,Ur«</  £«e«.L 


Cyllaros,  the  horse  of  Pollux 
according  to  Virgil  (Gcorq.  iii.  90),  but  of 
Castor  according  to  Ovid  (Metam,  xii. 
408).  It  was  coal-black,  with  white  legs 
and  tail. 


CTLLEKIUS. 


CYNTHIA. 


CyiWmUBj  Mercniy  ;  so  ctMed  from 
BOttct  CjUfine,  in  Arcadia,  where  he  was 
bora. 

Cym'beline  (3  syl.),  mythical  king 
of  Britain  for  thir^-five  years.  He 
began  to  reign  in  the  nineteenth  year  of 
Aagnfltas  Cesar.  His  father  was  Tenan- 
tina,  who  rcAised  to  pay  the  tribntc  to 
the  Romans  exacted  at  Cassibelan  luFter 
hit  defeat  by  Jnlins  Cesar.  Cymbeline 
narried  twice.  By  his  first  wife  he  had 
a  daughter  named  Imogen,  who  married 
Potthumns  Leonfltus.  His  second  wife 
had  a  son  named  Cloten  by  a  former 
husband. — Shakespeare,  Cymbelitie  (1605). 

Cymochles  [_Sl,mdV,kez1,  brother 
of  f^rocfalSs,  son  of  Acrftt^,  and  has- 
band  of  Acias^  the  endumtress.  He 
sets  oat  against  sir  Gnyon,  bnt  being 
ferried  over  Idle  Lake,  abandons  him- 
■df  to  seif-indulgence,  and  is  sUdn  by 
kiag  Arthur  (canto  8). — Spenser,  Fairy 
Q^  iL  &,  etc  (1590). 

Cymod'ooe  (4  «y/.).  The  mother  of 
Uaranel  is  so  caUed  in  bk.  iv.  12  of  the 
/fl&y  i^MMMi  but  in  bk.  iii.  4  she  b 
fiKkken  of  as  Cymo'ent  **  daughter  of 
Kerens**  (2  «y/.)  by  an  earth-born  father, 
**the  £unous  Dnouuin.** 

Cymoent.    (See  Cyhodocr.) 

Cym'ry,  the  Welsh. 


"Cymiy."  the 
Id  wMcli  b  "abarlginei.''  .  .  .  It  la  iha 
"Cbabri."  .  .  .  Thajr  oU  their  langnsi 
U.  *- tho  prtmiave  toapw.'— S.  WOifauM. 

CTiiBBgi'ros,  brother  of  the  poet 
fsaylos.  When  the  Persians,  after 
the  battle  of  Marathon,  were  pushing  off 
from  riiore,  €>ns^ro«  seized  one  of 
their  ^ips  with  his  right  hand,  which 
beiag  lopped  off,  he  grasped  it  with  his 
left  naod ;  this  being  cut  off,  he  seized  it 
with  his  teeth,  and  lost  his  Ufe. 

Admikal  Bbxrow,  in  an  enga^ 
Msnt  wi&  the  French,  near  St.  Martha, 
b  I70I,  had  his  l^s  and  thighs  shivered 
into  splinters  by  chain-shot;  but  (sup- 
pcnted  on  a  wooden  frame)  he  remained 
on  deck  till  Du  Casse  sheered  off. 

Almbtda,  the  Portuguese  governor 
of  India,  had  his  legs  and  thighs  shattered 
in  a  similar  way,  and  caused  himself  to 
Iw  bomid  to  the  ahip^s  mast,  that  he  might 
wive  his  sword  to  cheer  on  the  com- 


JaArsK,  at  the  battle  of  Muta,  car- 
ried the  sacred  banner  of  the  prophet. 
One  hand  being  lopped  off,  he  held  it 
with  the  other ;  this  also  being  cut  off,  he 


held  it  with  his  two  stumps,  and  when  it 
last  his  head  was  cut  off,  ne  contrived  to 
fall  dead  on  the  banner,  which  was  thus 
detained  till  Abdallah  hod  time  to  rescue 
it  and  hand  it  to  Khaled. 

Oyne'tha  (8  «^/.),  eldest  son  of  Cad- 
wallon  (king  of  North  Wales).  He  was 
an  orphan,  brought  up  by  his  imcle  Owen. 
During  his  minority,  Owen  and  Cyn^tha 
loved  each  other  dearly;  but  when  the 
orphan  came  of  age  and  claimed  his  in- 
heritance, his  uncle  burnt  his  eves  out  by 
exposing  them  to  plates  of  hot  bram. 
Cynetha  and  his  son  Cadwallon  accom- 
panied Madoc  to  North  America,  where 
the  blind  old  man  died  while  Madoc  was 
in  Wales  preparing  for  his  second  voyage. 
— Southey,  Madoc^  i.  8  (1805). 

Ckdwallonb  mtt  prirnvvM  Jart  CjmStlM : 
Proh  pudor  1  banc  oculk  patnutt  privavtt  Ommm. 

Cynic  Tub  ( T»e),Dlog'en^8,  the  Cynic 
philosopher  lived  in  a  tub,  and  it  is  to 
this  fact  that  allusion  is  made  in  the  Hue: 

[Thtwl  r«tch  their  doctrlnvi  from  Om  Cjmic  tab. 

Maum.  Oemm,  70S  (ISM). 


Cy'noB'ore  (8  syl.)^  the  pole-star. 
The  word  means  ''  the  dog*s  tail,**  and  if 
used  to  signify  a  guiding  genius,  or  the 
observed  of  all  observers.  Cvnosu'ra  was 
an  Idiean  nymph,  one  of  tne  nurses  of 
Zeus  (1  sy/.). 

.  Some  fmtle  taper, 
Hio'  a  mh  candle,  from  tti«  wicker  bole 
Of  aome  clay  habitaUuo.  liiit  ua 
With  thy  king  levelled  rule  of  atreamliig  ligbi 
And  tbou  ■halt  be  our  star  of  Arcad/. 
Or  lyrian  cjraonre. 

MOton.  Com-»  (16M^ 

Where  pabape  aome  Beautjr  Ilea. 
Cie  qmoaure  of  ncisbUiuruiK  eyes. 

Maum.  L'AUtwf  aSIS). 

Cyn'thia,  the  moon  or  Diana,  who 
was  bom  on  mount  Cynthns,  in  Dclos. 
Apollo  is  called  "  Cynthius.** 

.  .  .  watdilng.  In  the  night. 
Beneath  pale  CynUUa's  mefauidioly  Uaht. 

Faleooar. Thm S>.^pmie*.  UL S UTH). 


Oyn'thia,   So  Spenser,  in  Cdin  ClouVs 

Come  Home  Aacun,  calls  queen  Elizabeth, 

"  whose  angers  eye  **  was  his  life's  sole 

bliss,  his  heart's  eternal  treasure.    Ph. 

Fletcher,    in    The    Pttrple    Islandy    iii., 

also  calls  queen  ElizabeUi  **  Cjmthia." 

Her  words  were  Uke  a  atream  of  honcjr  BeeUng  .  .  . 
Her  deeda  were  Uke  great  duatera  of  ripe  grapea  ... 
Her  looks  ware  like  baama  of  the  nMmiiig  aun 


Forth  looktaig  thro'  the  windows  of  the  east  .  .  . 
Her  thoughts  were  Uke  the  fiuues  of  ftmnkinoenae 
Whieh  from  a  goldeit  cenaer  forth  doth  rise. 

r.  C'eOis  CUeHra  CMne  Mvm»  Ag€Un  (IflOl). 


Cynth'tOf  daughter  of  sir  Paul  Pliant, 
and  daughter-in-law  of  lady  Pliant.  She 
u  in  love  with  MeUe'font  (2  syi,).    m 


cmiAK. 


DAGONBT. 


PmI  calls  ber  "Tky*"—- W.  Gengveff«, 
The  DoMe  Dealer  (1694). 

Cyx^rian  (A),  »  woman  of  loose 
norals ;  so  called  from  tlie  tslaiid  Cypnis, 
a  chitf  seat  of  tbe  wonhip  of  Tentu  or 
Cyp'ria. 

Cyf/rian  {BrvlherV  a  Dommican  monk' 
at  the  momwtery  of  Holjnood. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Fair  Maid  of  Perth,  (time,  Heniy 
IV.). 

Cyrenal<3  Shell  (2^),  the  lyre 
or  strain  of  Collim'achos,  a  Greek  poet  of 
Alexandria,  in  Egypt.  Six  of  his  hymns 
in  hexameter  Terse  are  still  extant. 

ror  yoD  the  CftwuOi  AtB 
BehoM  I  touch  rtMring. 

t  U  th0  Mtdmit. 


Cyr'io  {SIX  the  saint  to  whom 
sailors  address  tnemselves.  The  St»  £lmo 
of  the  Welsh. 

Tb«  «eai7  naifiun 
OdM<Mi8t.Crrte'«aM. 

BoudMjr.  JtadMk  L  «(no^. 

CyrtuB  and  Tom'yris.  Cyrus, 
after  subduing  the  eastern  parts  of  Asia, 
was  defeated  by  Tomyris  queen  of  the 
llassage't»,  in  Scythia.  Tomyris  cut  off 
his  he^,  and  threw  it  into  a  ressel  filled 
with  human  blood,  saying,  as  she  did  so, 
«•  There,  drink  thy  fill."  Dant^  refers  to 
this  incident  in  his  Purgatory^  xii. 

Cousjfoflr  QyAii  ... 

He  wbow  bnge  power  no  nan  mtcbt  onrUmnNb 

Ibaiyrli  queen  with  grMt  deiqpite  haUi  alowe, 

Bb  beaddlMDemberHl  from  bu  mangled  oorpi 

Henelf  die  cMt  hito  m  vcael  frao^t 

With  dotted  bkNid  of  them  that  felt  her  force. 

And  with  tfaew  wordi  a  Jnft  reward  abe  taiqffat— ^ 

"  Oiynke  now  thy  frll  or  thy  dtolred  draught.** 

T.  SackvUIe.  A  Mtrronr/or  MaaUtmgtm 
{"  The  OomptajmU"  US7). 

Cythere'a,  Venus ;  so  called  from 
Crtiifi'ra  (now  Cerigo),  a  mountainous 
island  of  Laco'nia,  noted  for  the  worship 
of  Aphrodite  (or  Venus).  The  tale  is 
that  Venus  and  Mars,  having  formed  an 
illicit  afff'ction  for  each  other,  were 
caught  in  a  delicate  net  made  by  Vulcan, 
and  exposed  to  the  lidieula  of  the  court 
of  Olympus. 

He  the  fhte  \maif  Hiigl 
•TnafeaA  Mart  with  Qrtheraa  chateed. 

JJtendda,  BgUm  f  th*  /r«iMk« 

Cyse'nis,  tiie  infamous  dau^ter  of 
Diomed,  who  killed  every  one  that  fell 
into  her  clutches,  and  compelled  fathers 
to  eat  their  omm  children. 

Csar  (Ciesar),  a  title  first  assumed  in 
Russia  by  Ivan  III.,  who,  in  1472,  mar- 
ried a  princess  of  the  imperial  Byzantins 
line.  He  also  introduced  the  double- 
headed  black  eagle  of  Byzantium  as  the 
natioTUil  symbol.  The  ofiicial  style  of 
the  Kutfsian  autocrat  is  SamoderjetM, 


IX 


IVAouillla  (Tereaa),  waitnig-woBan 
to  the  oovntess  of  GlenBUan.~air  W. 
Scott,  Antiqmtry  (time,  Qeotgt  IIL). 

DaflbdiL  When  Perseph'ona,  the 
daughter  of  Deme'ter,  was  a  little  maiden, 
she  wandered  about  the  meadows  of 
Enna,  in  Sicily,  to  gather  white  daffodils 
to  wreathe  into  her  nair,  and  being  tired 
she  fell  asleep.  Pluto,  the  god  of  the 
infernal  regions,  carried  her  off  to  be- 
come his  wife,  and  his  touch  turned  the 
white  flowers  to  a  golden  yellow.  Some 
remained  in  her  tresses  till  she  reached 
the  meadows  of  Acheron,  and  falling  off 
there  grew  into  the  asphodel,  with  which 
the  meadows  thenceforth  abounded. 

She  stepped  opoa  BtrHian  sum. 

Demelcr'a daughter,  trtmmi tdt, 
Achtld  orUght.aradhMit  laia. 

And  nmemme  «■  the  mornhtgair. 
The  damKUb  were  Cair  to  na, 
TlMqr  noddedll^Ur  on  the  lea;  • 

rwepnoDB  I  rempnone  i 


Datfon,  sixth  in  ordo'of  thehiersrehy 
of  hell:  (1)  Satan,  (2)  Beelsebnb,  (8) 
Moloch,  (4)  CheraoB,  {&)  Thsnmns,  (6) 
Dagon.  Dagon  was  half  man  and  half 
fish.  He  was  worshipped  in  Ashdod, 
Gath,  Ascalon,  Ekron,  and  Gasa  (the  five 
diief  cities  of  the  Philistines).  When 
the  ^'ark**  was  placed  in  his  temple, 
Di^n  fell,  and  the  paims  of  his  hands 
were  broken  off. 

Mexl  eama  ... 
Sana  .  .  .  •ea-nionaler.  opvardtttt 
And  downward  Sih. 

Miteea,  FmrmdU*  Lmt,  L  487;  eta.  petfU. 

Daff'onet  iSSr)^  kin^  Arthur's  fboL 
One  ^y  sir  I>agonet,  witii  two  squm^ 
oame  to  Omwall,  and  as  they  drew  neaf 
a  well  sir  Tristram  soused  them  all  three 
in,  and  dripping  wet  made  them  mount 
their  horses  and  ride  off,  Mnid  tiie  jeen 
of  the  spectators  (pt.  ii«  60). 


King  Arthur  fcwad  dr  Daganet  paMbw  wall,  aad 
htan  knlgbt  with  hh  own  haude;  and  at  averrtoani*. 
ment  he  made  king  Arthur  Iau^-.8lr  T.  UMioqf,  MtUorg 
^  PHmot  Arthur,  U.  117  (1470). 

Justice  Shallow  brags  that  he  once 
personated  sir  Dagonet,  while  he  was  a 
student  at  Clement's  Inn. — Shakespeare, 
2  Henry  IV,  act  ii.  sc.  2  (1698). 

*«*  Tennyson  deviates  in  this,  eA  hd 
does  in  so  many  other  instances,  from  the 
old  romance.  The  Hiatory  says  that 
king  Arthur  made  Dagonet  knight "  with 
Lis  own  hands,"  because  he  *'  loved  him 


DALDAH. 


DAMOCLi:& 


pnnn;  vcU  ;**  baft  T^oiiyaoB  mys  thai 
•ir  GftwuB  made  \am  "  ft  mock-kiui^  of 
^  BmbA  TablB.**— 2^  Latt  Twrtw^ 

Dal'dah,  Midtonefi  ftiToiiiite  wbilt 


Dalga,  a  Lvmbard  hariot,  who  tries  fo 
•educe  ymmg  Gohho,  but  Goltiio  is  saved 
br  his  friend  UlfiiK>re.--Sir  W^  Da^ 
/enant,  BomBberi  (£ed  1668). 

Dalgamo  (Xon/  Malcolm  of),  a  pro- 
ffigate  yomns  noblenaii,  son  ol  the  cari 
of  Hontiofuen  (an  old  Scotch  noblt 
^unily).  Kigel  strikes  Dalganio  with 
his  sword,  aio^  is  obli|ped  to  seek  refoge 
in  "  Alsatia.**  Lord  DaI^arao*8  viUainy 
to  tfaelad;^  HeimlonS  excites  the  displea- 
SMB  oi  n^  JaBe%  snd  be  WMdd  have 
keen  biiArid  If  he  had  nofe  aianied  her^ 
After  Ihis,  kffd  DalgMBO  carries  off  the 
wife  ci  John  Christie,  the  ship-owner, 
sad  is  shoi  by  captain  Colepeppcr,  the 
Alsatiaa  bttUy^-^ir  W.  Scott,  Fortmm 
^Sigd  (tine,  Jamee  I.). 

Dalgettj  (Ihtgald),  of  Dnnn- 
tbwacket,  the  nmoo  of  the  seldado  with 
the  pedantic  stndent  of  Marescbal  College. 
As  a  soldier  of  fortnne,  he  is  retained  in 
the  service  of  the  earl  of  Monteith.  The 
man|ois  of  Argyll  (leader  of  the  parlia- 
mentary army)  tried  to  tamper  with  him 
in  priMm,  bnt  Dogald  seized  him,  threw 
him  down,  and  then  made  his  escape, 
locking  the  marquis  in  the  dnngeon. 
AHer  the  battle,  captain  Dalgetty  was 
kaig^itad.  This  "RktaMeter'*  i»  a  pe- 
dant* vecy  conceited,  fall  of  vnlgar 
assaiBiioe,  with  a  good  stock  of  worldly 
knowledge,  a  student  of  divinity,  and  a 
■oUier  who  lets  his  sword  out  to  the 
highest  bidder.  The  <^aracter  is  original 
and  wen  drawn.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Legeml 
tf  Momtme  (time,  Qiaries  I.). 

R  «s  Ml  eM  fcrtoXea.  bat  boo*  radtKad  to  Om 
iof  a  "■nDOT*  Ant  ««wU  haw  dalishtoA  tU 
ef  Duffdd  Dal^Mtjr.  ef  Ommditracket— 


*«*  The  original  ef  fchi»  ehanctev  was 
Mnn^  who  wrote  an  aocomit  of  the 
fawtiaigne  ef  that  band  of  Scotch  and 
Ea^iiah  auxiliaries  in  the  island  of 
Swmemtttde,in  1630.  Munro  was  himself 
sue  of  flie  band.  Dngald  Dalgetty  is  one 
ef  the  best  of  Scott's  diaracters. 

Dalton  (-Mrs.),  housekeeper  to  the 
Bev.  Mr.  Staanton,  of  Willii^^ham  Kec- 
tMy.— Sir  W.  Scott^  Heart  o/MidtotAitm 
(time,  Geocge  IL). 

Daitm  (liegimM),  the  hero  of  a  novel 
so  called,  by  J.  G.  Lockhart  (188S) 


Balaoll  iOenerai  Thomem),  in  Urn 
royal  army  of  Charlea  IL— ^  W.  Soett^ 
old  Mortality  (1816). 


THtmssotis  of  thd-ITorfh. 
Serai,  capital  of  Bosnia,  is  so  called  front 
its  garden-like  aspectj  trees  being  every- 
where mingled  with  tke  houses* 

Dame  du  IjAO,  Yivienne  le  Fay. 

The  lake  was  "  en  la  marche  de  la  petite 

Bretaigne ; "    *'  en  ce  lieu  .  .  .  avoit  U 

daoM  BMMilt  de  belles  maisons  et  moult 
ft 


Ikune  du  Lao,  Sebille  (2  syh).  Her 
castle  was  surrounded  bva  river  on  which 
rested  so  thick  a  fog  tnat  no  eye  could 
see  across  it.  Alexander  the  Great 
abode  »  fortnight  with  this  fay,  to  be 
cured  of  his  wounds,  and  king  Arthur 
was  the  neult  of  tiieir  amour.  (This  is 
not  in  accordance  with  the  general 
legends  of  this  noted  hero.  Sm  Ab- 
TMUU.) — Pem^ortst,  i.  42, 

Dam'ian,  •  saoire  attending  on  th^ 
Grand-Master  of  the  Knights  'l^mplare* 
~Sir  W.  Scott,  Ivanho$  (time,  Ridiard  l.)« 


Damiot'ti  {Dr,  Baptisti),  a  Padi 

quack,  who  exhibits  'Hhe  enchanted 
mirror**  to  lady  Forester  and  lady  Both- 
well.  They  see  therein  the  clandestine 
marriage  and  infidelity  of  sir  Philip 
Forester.— ^r  W.  Scott,  Aunt  MargareTs 
Mirror  (time,  William  III.). 

Damia  [DaJLwte],  son  of  Gcgon  and 
Ehaiie  (2  ^/.)t  impetuous  and  self- 
willed.— lie&e,  Tarkuffe  (1664). 

Damn  with  Faint  Praise. 

Damn  with  lUnt  pndM.  ammt  with  drU  leer, 
And  vHhoat  nieeiing  teach  the  nsM  to  naer. 

Pqpe.  rr»tagmtotk0ikiHm,  SOI  (1780. 

Damno'nii«  the  people  oi  Darano'-^ 
ninm,  tiiat  is,  Cornwall,  Devon,  Dorset- 
shire, and  part  of  Somersetshire.  This 
region,  says  Richard  of  Cirencester  (Bist, 
vi.  18)  was  much  frequented  bv  the 
Phoenician,  Greek,  and  Gallic  merchants, 
for  the  metals  with  which  it  abounded^ 
and  particularly  for  its  tin. 

Whantn  our  DvroBshire  now  and  Cuthait  Oorawal  ara^ 
Tba old  Daninooli [■leJdweU. 

Dayw.  rulgoMtm,  wL  (MMV 

Darn'ocdes  (3  si/^.),  asvcopfaant,  in  the 
court  of  Dionys'ius  the  Elaer,  of  Syracuse. 
After  extollins  the  feBcity  of  princes, 
Dionysius  told  him  he  would  give  him 
exnerimental  proof  thereof.  Accordingly 
he  nad  the  courtier  arrayed  in  royal  rebes 
tad  seated  at  a  sumptuous  banqueL  bib 
overhead  wat  •  sword  suspended  hf  a 


DAMCETAS. 


284 


DANAID. 


riagto  boneh«ir,  and  Damocles  was  afraid 
(o  stir,  lest  the  hair  should  break  and  the 
sword  fall  on  him.  Dionysius  thus  inti- 
mated thai  the  lives  of  kinn  are  threatoied 
every  hour  of  the  day. — Gcero. 

Lai  OS  who  have  imC  o«r  bums  In  Uie  Red  Book  eoii> 
•de  oofMhfM  bf  Uilnking  ooaiforubly  bow  mlMimble  our 
Iwuen  may  bt.  and  Uiat  DainoelM.  wbo  liu  oo  aMln 
einhioiM,  and  b  Mrvad  on  cold  plate,  has  an  awful  nrunl 
bauglnc  ov«r  hia  bead.  In  tberiinpaaf  a  bailiff,  or  beredl* 
tanr  diamm,  or  familr  Mcret— Inackanjr.  roMttm  Fair, 
stffl.  (IStf). 

DamOB'taa,  a  herdsman.  Theocritos 
and  Virgil  use  tne  name  in  their  pastorals. 

And  old  Damcetas  lof«d  to  bear  oar  aonc. 

UiHon.  XfcUM  (16H). 

Da'mon.  a  goat-herd  in  Virgirs  third 
Eciogue,  Wal^  introduces  uie  same 
name  in  his  Eciogues  also.  Any  rustic, 
swain,  or  herdsman. 

Damon  and  Delia.  Damon  asks 
Delia  why  she  looks  so  coldly  on  him. 
She  replies  because  of  his  attentions  to 
Belvidi^nu  He  says  he  paid  these  atten- 
tions at  her  own  request,  **  to  hide  the 
secret  of  their  mutual  love.**  Delia  con- 
fesses that  his  prudence  is  commendable, 
but  his  acting  is  too  earnest.  To  this  he 
n^oins  that  uie  alone  holds  his  heart;  and 
Delia  replies : 

Tbo'  wdl  I  mlsht  yoor  trath  nlstniit. 
My  fooUA  beart  belUvae 70a  Just; 
Kaaaon  tbli  bitb  ntajr  dleapprovi^ 
But  I  belbva.  beoauaa  I  lova. 

Lord  I^tUatoo. 

Damon  and  Musido'ra,  two 
lovers  who  misunderstood  each  other. 
Mosidora  was  coy,  and  Damon  thought 
her  shyness  indicated  indifference ;  but 
one  day  he  saw  her  bathing,  and  his 
delicacy  on  the  occasion  so  charmed  the 
maiden  that  she  at  once  accepted  his 
proffered  love. — ^Thomson,  The  Seasona 
("Summer,**  1727). 

Da'mon  and  Fyth'iaa  Damon, 
a  senator  of  Syracuse,  was  by  nature  hot- 
mettled,  but  was  schooled  by  Pytha- 
gore'an  philosophy  into  a  Stoic  coldness 
and  slowness  of  speech.  He  was  a  fast 
friend  of  the  republic,  and  when  Dio- 
nysius was  made  **  king**  by  a  vote  of 
the  senate,  Damon  upbraided  the  be- 
trayers of  his  country,  and  pronounced 
Dionysius  a  "  tyrant.  For  tiiis  he  was 
seized,  and  as  he  tried  to  stab  Dionvsius, 
he  was  condemned  to  instant  death. 
Damon  now  craved  respite  for  four  hours 
to  bid  farewell  to  his  wife  and  child,  but 
the  request  was  denied  him.  On  bis  way 
to  execution,  his  friend  P>'thiafl  en- 
countered him,  and  obtained  permission 
of  Dionysius  to  become  his  surety,  and 


to  die  in  his  stead,  if  within  four  homn 
Damon  did  not  return.  Dion^'sius  not 
only  accepted  the  bail,  but  extended  the 
leave  to  six  hours.  When  Damon  reached 
his  country  villa,  Lucullus  killed  his 
horse  to  prevent  his  return ;  but  Damon, 
seizing  the  horse  of  a  chance  traveller, 
reached  Syracuse  just  as  the  executioner 
was  preparing  to  put  Pythias  to  death. 
Dionysius  so  admired  this  proof  of 
friendship,  that  he  forgave  Damon,  and 
reouested  to  be  taken  into  his  friendship. 

This  subject  was  dramatized  in  1571  by 
Richard  Edwards,  and  again  in  1826  by 
John  Banim. 

(The  classic  name  of  Pytkiaa  is  '<Phin- 
tias.*') 

Damsel  or  Damoiseau  (in  Italian, 
domd ;  in  Latin,  domiseUut)^  one  of  the 
gallant  youths  domiciled  in  the  moMon  du 
roi.  These  youths  were  always  sons  of 
the  greater  vassals.  Louis  VII.  {le 
Jeume)  was  called  "The  Roval  Damsel  ;'* 
and  at  one  time  the  royal  body-gnard 
was  caUed  "  The  King's  DamseU." 

Damsel  of  Brittany,  Eleanor, 
daughter  of  Geoffrey  (second  son  of 
Henry  II.  of  England).  After  the  death 
of  Arthur,  his  sister  EUeanor  was  next  in 
succession  to  the  crown,  but  John,  who 
had  caused  Arthur's  death,  confined 
Eleanor  in  Bristol  Castle,  where  she  re- 
mained till  her  death,  in  1241. 

D'Amville  (2  gyL),  "the  atheist," 
with  the  assistance  of  Borachio,  murdered 
Montferrers,  his  brother,  for  his  estates. 
—Cyril  Toumeur,  The  Atheitt'a  Trag^ijf 
(seventeenth  century). 

Dam'iran  (8  aylX  the  lover  of  May 
(the  voutnful  bride  01  January*  it  Lombard 
kniglit,  60  years  of  age)  .-Chaucer,  Gim- 
terbury  Tales  ("The  Merchant's  Tale,*' 
1388). 

Dan  of  the  Howlet  Hirst,  the 
dragon  of  the  revels  at  Kennaquhair 
Abbev.— Sir  W.  Scott.  The  Abbot  and 
The  Momaatery  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Dan'ae  (d  sy/.),  an  Argive  princess, 
visited  by  Zeus  [Jupiter]  in  the  form  ox 
a  shower  of  golo^  while  she  was  confined 
in  an  inaccessible  tower. 

Danaid  (8  sv/.).  Dan'aus  had  fiftj 
daughters,  called  the  Danaids  or  Di^ 
naldes.  These  fifty  women  married  the 
fifty  sons  of  iEgyptus,  and  (with  one 
exception)  murdered  their  husbands  on 
the  night  of  their  espousals.    For  thi* 


DANAW. 


286 


DANTE  AND  BEATRICS. 


crime  thej  were  doomed    in  hadds  to 
poor  water  ererlMtingly  into  sieves. 

tn  xn  ymmt  pniiimtm,  itmtmtt,  4romm.  or  pro** 
The  DuiU  or  » l«kr  vwe. 

Th4fHmotm.iL 


%*  Tht  one  who  spared  her  husband 
Hjrpennnestra,    whose    husband's 
naoM  was  Lynoeus  [Zm'^acm]. 

Dan'aw,  the  German  word  for  the 
Daa'nbe,  used  by  Milton  in  his  Pcaradm 
Lett,  L  363  (1665). 

Danciiig  Ohanoellor  (7^),  sir 
Chzitto|d»er  Hatton,  who  attracted  the 
sttcntion  of  queen  Elizabeth  by  his  erace- 
fol  dancing  at  a  masone.  She  took  him 
into  Utov,  and  made  him  both  chan- 
cellor and  knight  of  the  Garter  (died 
1691). 

*f  *  Mors,  de  Lanzun,  the  favourite  of 

Lms  XIY.,  owed   his    fortune  to  his 

gnet  in  dsnrtng  in  the  king's  quadrille. 

Mm^  mtm  Ikaa  oao  iiaMwif  o*«d  Um  fMour  ho 
^«p«aai«Mrt  to  Amwarhm  pointed  hlo  loo  oraovod 


Dancing  Water  {Tke)y  from  the 
Boming  Forest.  This  water  had  the 
power  of  imparting  youthful  beauty  to 
those  who  used  it.  Prince  Qiery,  aided 
by  a  dove,  obtained  it  for  Faiistar. 
ftp  lii^*f  olw  h  tao  oWrth  ■imiw  of  tho  wotM. 

•irtdiMteo.-OiMo«MO  irAiiaor.  /Wry  rWotrMn* 

Dandies  (Thevnitoe  of).  Beau  Brum- 
■el  (1778-1840). 

Daadin  iOMtge),  a  rich  French 
ffidfswtn,  who  marries  Ang'elique,  the 
<<nightfr  of  Mons.  le  baron  de  Sotenville, 
sad  has  the  ''prfvile^**  of  pa^ng  off 
the  Ikmily  debte,  maintaining  his  wife's 
DoUe  parents,  and  being  snubbed  on  all 
Mmions  to  his  heart's  content.  He 
e^Qftsntty  said  to  himself,  in  self-rebuke, 
1  ow  Tones  omcIk,  eoas  twoez  touiu,  George 
I>aMdml  ^**You  have  no  one  to  blame 
betyoanclf!  you  brought  it  on  yourself , 
GeofSs^Dandin!") 

OoM«B  Dondln  I 
MOt  «•  quo  voos 
LSUSU). 

iiii.-ilieMU.vlUio 
OB  icoad  MMMt  boar  tbo 


-w«a,«>ir«i 


%*  Tbeit  is  no  soeh  phrase  in  the 
eosMdy  as  7W  Foi  vomiu,  it  is  always  Koui 
Tsoes  seiilii* 

Dan'dolo  (Stumor),  a  friend  to  Fazio 

>>  prosperity,  out  who  turns  from  him 

vben  in  fB^graoe.     He  says : 

MCBor.  I  Mi  pmoHMnit 
hiloAiaflf  boot  aad^M' and  koM} 


la  BMttan  of  Um  robe  and  cop  «premo ; 
In  ndr  dintao.  njr  kml.  Uioio't  no  appMl 
Pn»  aqr  nofrMdtiUici. 

TaaliUnioo.  FoMio,  IL  1  (ISIDl 

Danelagh  (2  syL),  the  fifteen 
counties  in  which  the  Danes  settled  in 
England,  viz.,  Essex,  Middlesex,  Suffolk, 
Norfolk,  Hcits,  Cambs.,  Hants,  Lincoln, 
Notts.,  Derby,  Northampton,  Leicester- 
shire, Bucks.,  Beds.,  and  the  vast  ter- 
ritory called  Northumbria.  —  Bromton 
Chronicle  (printed  1652). 

Danffeau  {Jouar  a  la),  to  play  as 
good  anand  at  cards  as  Phihppe  de 
Uourdllon,  marquis  de  Dangeau  (1638- 
1720). 

Dan'gerfleld  (Captain),  a  hired  wit*- 
ness  in  the  ''Popish  Plot."~Str  W. 
Scott,  Peveril  of  the  Peak  (time,  Charles 

Dangle,  a  ^tleman  bitten  with  the 

theatrical  mama,  who  annoys  a  manager 

with  impertinent  flattenr  and  advice.    II 

is  said  that  Thomas  Vau^han,  a  plav- 

wri^ht   of    small    reputation,    was    the 

original    of    this    character. — Sheridan, 

The  Critic  (see  act  i.  1),  (1779). 

Tbo  iMtar  portloa  of  Cbo  MBteneo  la  lotolUfiblo  .  . . 
kat  the  rwt  nniliida  ■■  of  Mr.  Daaoio'i  ramork.  dtat  tiM 
lotorpfotar  appoaia  tbo  buder  to  bo  iiad»nt<»od  of  tbo 
twOt^AiOiW.  Brit,  Alt, 


DanTiaach,  one  of  the  tfenii  who 
didnot  **acknowledcethegreat  Solomon." 
When  the  princess  Badouro  in  her  sleep 
was  carried  to  the  bed  of  prince  Camaral - 
zaman  that  she  might  see  him,  Danhasch 
changed  himself  into  a  flea,  and  bit  her 
lip,  at  which  Badouia  awoke,  saw  tha 
prince  sleeping  by  her  side,  and  after- 
wards became  his  wife. — Arabian  Nights 
("  Camaralzaman  and  Badoura"). 

Daniel,  son  of  Widow  I^Ackitt;  a 
wealthy  Indian  planter.  A  noodle  of  the 
softest  mould,  whom  Lucy  Weldon  mar- 
ries for  his  money. — Thomas  Southern, 
Oroonoko  (1696). 

Dan'nischemend,  the  Persian 
sorcerer,  mentioned  in  Donnerhugel's 
narrative. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Anm  of  Gekt' 
etein  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Dante  and  Beatrice.  Some  say 
that  Beatrice,  in  Dant^g's  Divina  Cwn- 
media,  merely  personities  faith  ;  others 
think  it  a  real  character,  and  say  she  was 
the  dMi^hter  of  an  illustrious  family  of 
Portinan,  for  whom  the  poet  entertained 
a  purely  platonic  affection.  She  meets 
tiie  poet  after  he  has  been  dragf;od 
through  the  river  Lethfi  {Pttrg<Uory^ 
xxTJ.),  and  oondncts  him  through  paia* 


DANTON  OF  THE  CEVEimES.     t8$ 


DABGONET. 


dise.  Beatrice  PortinA'ri  nuuried  Simon 
de  Bardi,  and  died  at  tbe  age  of  34; 
Dantd  was  a  few  months  older. 


i  pcnona  ma  that  Osnte  i 
%  BwitTlMi,  «id  not  A  Miatna ;  1 


tills  ft  oonmenutor'a  ittentaqr. 

^yrroa.  JMt  XutM,  UL  11  (18M). 

*^*  The  poet  married  Gemma,  of  the 
powerful  house  of  Donati.    (See  Loves.) 

Dante's  Beard,  All  the  pictures  of 
DantS  which  I  have  seen  represent  him 
without  any  beard  or  hair  on  his  facp  at 
all;  but  in  Purijalortfj  xxxi.,  Beatrice 
says  to  him,  "  Raise  thou  thy  beard,  and 
lo!  wha*  si^t  shall  do,**  i.0.  lift  up 
your  face  and  look  about  yon ;  and  he 
adds,  **  No  sooner  lifted  I  mine  aspect  up 
.  .  .  than  mine  eyes  lenoounterea}  Bea> 
trice." 

Danton  of  the  Cevennea, 
Pierre  Sender,  Mophet  and  preacher  of 
Irlagistav^  in  rianoe.  He  was  a  leader 
amongst  the  Camisards* 

Dangers  (Charles),  an  embryo  bar- 
rister of  the  Middle  Temple. — C.  Selby, 
The  Unfinished  Gentleman. 

Daph'ne  (2  syL),  daughter  of  SilCno 
and  Mysis,  and  sister  ei  Nysa.  The 
favourite  of  Apollo  while  sojourning  oa 
earth  in  the  character  of  a  uiepherd  lad 
named  *'  Pol.**— Kane  0*Hara,  Mkhs  (a 
bnrletta,  1778). 

(In  classic  mythology  Daphn6  fled 
from  the  amorous  god,  and  escaped  by 
being  changed  into  a  laurel.) 

Daph^nis,  a  beautiful  Sicilian  shep- 
herd, the  inventor  of  bucolic  poetrv.  He 
-^as  a  son  of  Mercury,  and  fnend  both  of 
Pan  and  of  Apollo. 

Daph'niSy  the  modest  shepherd. 

This  k  tbt  modart  shapbent.  b« 
That  only  dare  mlote,  bat  n«er  eonU  lM 
Brom^  to  Mm  Miy,  liold dlmune.  orilnsi 
WhUiier.  or  boUly  ask. 
John  Fklcbor,  Th«  /)»U*/-i  aheptuyrdem,  I  S  Usui). 

Daph'nis  and  Cblo'e,  a  prose- 
pastonl  love  story  in  Greek,  by  Longos 
»  Byzantine),  not  unlike  the  tale  of 
The  Gentle  Shenkerd,  by  Allan  Ramsay. 
Gessner  has  aiso  imitated  the  Greek 
romance  in  his  idvll  called  Detphtus* 
In  this  love  story  Longos  says  he  was 
hunting  in  Lesbos,  and  saw  in  a  grove 
consecrated  to  the  nymi^s  a  beautiful 
picture  of  children  exposed,  lovers 
plighting  their  faith,  and  the  incursions 
of  pirat^,  which  he  now  expresses  and 
deoieates  to  Pan,  Cupid,  and  toe  n^nnphs* 
Da^nis,  of  course,  is  the  lover  of  Chlo^ 

(rfobably  this   Greek   pastoral  story 


suggested  to  St.  Pierre  his  story  of  Paul 
ana  Virtfinia,  Gay  has  a  poem  entitled 
Daphnit  and  CKtoe.) 

[Dapper,  a  law^-er's  clerk,  who  went 
to  Subtre  "the  alchemist,**  to  be  sup- 
plied widi  *'a  familiar**  to  make  him 
win  in  horse-racing,  cards,  and  all  games 
of  chance.  Dapper  is  told  to  prepare 
himself  for  an  mterview  with  the  faiiy 
^ueen  by  taking  "  three  drops  of  vin^^ 
in  at  the  nose,  two  at  tiie  month,  and 
one  at  either  ear,**  "to  cry  Ativi  (hriee 
and  huxK  as  oft^** — Ben  Jonson,  The 
Alchemist  (1610). 

I>api>Ie,  the  donkey  ridden  fty  Sandio 
Panxa,  in  Cerrant^'  romance  Af  Ikm 
Quixote  (1605-1615). 

Darby  and  Joan*  This  baQad, 
called  T/ie  Happg  Old  Couple,  is  printed 
in  the  GentlemaiCs  Magaxiney  v.  153 
(March«  1785).  It  is  also  in  Pknnptre** 
CottectuM  of  Songs,  152  (Camb.  1805), 
with  the  music.  The  words  are  some- 
times attribnted  to  Prior,  and  tha  first 
line  fsnroors  the  notion:  "Deat  Chioe^ 
while  thus  beyond  measure ;  **  only  Priev 
always  spells  Chloe  witlwat  "  h.** 

Darby  sdid  Jomi  are  an  ^dr-fashiottcd, 
kmng  eovple,  wholly  averse  to  change 
of  any  sort.  It  is  genen^  said  that 
Henry  Woodfall  was  the  author  of  the 
ballad,  and  that  the  originals  were  John 
Darby  (printer,  of  Bartholomew  Qose, 
who  died  1730)  and  his  wife  Joan. 
Woodfall  served  his  appsenticeahip  with 
John  Darby. 

"You  BMy  U  a  DartyfJfr.  JTarrfwiif fc], bm  11  be  ■> 
JoM.  1  pfOBtlM  yog."— flnlilinJth,  Sktaio^*  to  OoM«*Mr« 
L  1(1778). 

Dardu-Ije'na^  the  daughter  of  Fol- 
dath  general  ofthe  Fir-bolg  or  Belgas 
settled  in  the  south  of  IrelaiML  When 
Foldath  fell  in  battle. 


Bit  MMd  rariMd  to  the  «*!•  of  Nona,  to 
draam.  hjr  Dalrulho't  ktraam,  wb«re  A«  ilopC 
from  th«  chaM  of  hbids.    Her  bow  Is  near  tlio 
nmtning.  .  .  .  C!othod  lo  the  bMuty  of  ^m« 
of  hamet  tanjr.    fturfc-bonShu  fton  .  .  .  tba 
woanded  father  koomA  to  eoaia.    Ho  apyow*  at 
tiMn  hid  hioMlf  in  atiit    Buntins  itt«»  *««*• 
8ho  kMW  that  tho  chief  vme  lov.  .  .  .  Thou 
hMt  of  hia  rwo^O  bhM-«r«d  Pa>dii4jBn»l  — 
T0morm,t. 

Dare.   HumammihA  a  me 
puto, — ^Ter«ice. 

I  doro  do  all  that  majr  heeona  a 
Who  dares  do  more  Is 


maS? 


wcrt  tho 


Dargo,  the  spear  of  Ossian  son  ol 
FingaL— -Ossian,  Calthon  and  Oolmal, 

Dar'gonet  **  ihe  Tall,*'  son  of  A*- 


DARIUS  AND  HIS  HORSE.         t87 


D'ASUBIAR. 


tolpiio,  and  bfother  mt  Pandine.  In  th« 
fgbt  provoked  by  Oswmld  agmiiMt  diik« 
Gondibett,  wfaidi  mm  decided  by  four 
cooitMUuits  agmiiMt  fboz,  Dsfgonrt  was 
•lam  bj  Hugo  the  Little.  Da^net  and 
hit  brother  were  tivals  for  the  love  of 
Lama.— Sir  Ws.  Darenant,  Ocmdibert^ 
i.  (died  1668)« 

Dairoi  mad  His   Hoive.    The 

fef«n  MiiiUilitei  for  the  throne  of  Perria 
•freed  that  he  ahould  be  kng  whose 
hem  oei|(hed  «rst.  As  the  beise  of 
DulBS  was  the  first  ta  neigh,  Dallas  was 


laaito 


>  fWygha,  Dorka,  If4Un  pli7*BS- 


Rossi*  and  west  of 


(iU  die  sooth  of  Rossi 
Am  was  called  ScythiA.) 

Daiiemont^  saardian  and  matemal 
SBcie  ti  Jolio  of  Haranconr ;  formerly  a 
nfTphtnt.  He  takes  possession  of  the 
inkcritsnoe  of  his  ward  by  fool  means, 
Imt  is  prood  as  Locifer,  suspicious,  ex- 
acting, and  tyrannical.  E^<^£y  one  fears 
klsi;  no  one  loves  him. — ^Ijiom.  HoL- 
crsft,  DmfoMdlhtmb  (1786). 

Dariillff  ((Trtics).  daughter  of  William 
Dwliag,  Kgfathonso  keeper  on  Longstone, 
eat  of  ^  Fane  Islands.  On  the  mom- 
iv  of  September  7,  1888,  Grace  and  her 
fner  saved  nine  of  the  erew  of  the 
lyfankme  steamer,  wraeked  among  the 
lanie  Ishmda  opposite  Bamboroogh 
Ckitle  (1815-18^). 

Damay  (CWio),  the  lover  and 
afttrwards  the  husband  of  Lucie  H*- 
sette.  He  bore  a  strong  likeness  to 
Sydney  Carton,  and  was  a  noble  character, 
^fthy  of  Lwoe.  His  real  name  was 
Enc'moode.—C.  Dickens,  A  Talc  of  Tvco 
cam  (1859). 

D«rzi6l  (Aurgliajy  a  diaracter  in 
8moUett*s  novel  entitled  The  AchmUmre* 
^  &•  Immr^pi  Ortones  (1760). 

Daml^y;  tiie  amimt  of  (Charlotte 
rLambert],  m  The  HvpocnU^  by  Isaac 
Kekerttaff.  In  Moliere*s  comedy  of 
Tvt^e^  Charlotte  is  called  ^  Mariane," 
ad  l5araiey  is  "  Val^re." 

Dar'-Thnla,  danghter  of  Colla,  and 
"  fmrcst  of  Erin's  mardens.**  She  feU  in 
love  with  Nathoa,  one  of  the  three  sons 
lA  Utaocfa  lord  of  Eths  (in  Argyllshire). 
Cairkar,  the  rebel,  was  usp  in  love  with 
her^  tet  his  suit  was  rejected.  Nathos 
VM  made  comaunder  of  king  C!ormac*s 


army  at  the  death  of  Cnthnllin,  and  for 
a  time  upheld  the  tottering  throne.  Bat 
the  rebel  grew  stronger  and  stronger, 
and  a(t  length  fbund  means  to  mnraer 
the  young  King;  whereupon  the  army 
nnder  Nathos  deserted.  Kathos  was  now 
obliged  to  quit  Ireland,  and  Dar-Thula 
fled  witii  him.  A  storm  drove  the  vessel 
back  to  Ulster,  where  Oiirbar  was  en-> 
camped,  and  Nadios,  with  his  two 
brothers,  being  overpowered  by  numbers, 
fell.  Dar-Thula  was  arrayed  as  a  young 
warrior :  but  when  her  lover  was  slain 
**her  snield  fell  from  her  arm;  her 
breast  of  snow  appeared,  but  it  was 
stained  with  blood.  An  arrow  was  fixed 
in  her  side,**  and  her  dying  blood  was 
mingled  with  that  of  tiie  three  brothers. 
— Ossian,  Dar-Thevda  (founded  on  tiie 
storr  of  "Deiidri,"  i.  TVww.  o/  ikt 
Oaenc  8oc.), 

Dar'tle  (Bom),  companion  of  Mrs. 
Steerforth.  She  loved  Mrs.  Steerforth*s 
s<Hi,  but  her  love  was  not  reciprocated. 
Miss  Dartle  is  a  vindictive  woman,  noted 
for  a  scar  on  her  lip,  which  told  tales 
when  her  temper  was  aroused.  This  scar 
was  from  a  wound  given  by  young  Steer- 
forth,  who  struck  her  on  the  lip  when  a 
boy. — C.  Dickens,  Jktvid  Copperfield 
(1849). 

Darwin's  Mlfliilng  Iiink,  tha 
link  between  tilie  monkey  and  man. 
According  to  Darwin,  the  present  host 
of  animal  life  b^i^n  from  a  few  elemental 
forms,  whic^  developed,  and  by  natural 
selection  propagated  certain  trpes  of 
animals,  wnile  others  less  suited  to  the 
battle  of  life  died  out.  Thus,  beginning 
with  the  larvs  of  ascidians  (a  marine 
mollusc),  we  get  by  developra^it  to  fish 
lowly  organiz^  (as  the  lancelet),  thence 
to  ganoids  and  other  fish,  then  to  amphi- 
bians. From  amphibians  we  get  to  birds 
and  reptiles,  and  thence  to  mammals, 
among  whidi  comes  the  monkey,  between 
which  and  man  is  a  Missino  Link. 

Dashall  {The  Hon.  Tom)^  cousin  of 
Tally-ho.  The  rambles  and  adventures 
of  these  two  blades  are  related  by  Fierce 
£^  (1821-1822). 

IVABumar  (Cbfm/),  an  old  Nestor, 

who  ftincied  nothing  was  so  good  as  when 

he  was  a  young  man. 

**4ImI  I  m*  mo  mm  aowadaTi  eomiMmible  to  thcnc 
I  kwo'  >w»ofari  I  Mkd  Um  lonnuutitnta  w«  not  per^ 
loniMd  wUbbalf  tha  masBiScoDM  ••  wfaon  I  waa  •  jroanf 
SmIuc  mom  Sm  ptocbM  tarred   ap,  bo 


■p.  ■• 
*'In  B^r  tfcMb  Um  paodNW  wvre  aocli  h^pt 
UianUioyMootpi'— Bt;  natm  da«aiant««vi9  di|.* 


DAUGHTER. 


238 


DAVID. 


'At  that  lata.*  aald  hit  conmanlon.   nnillng.    "the 
of  Adam'a  ttma  nmnt  hava  baMi  wondvftiUjr 
OU  Stmt,  b.  7  {ytU^ 


Daughter  {The),  %  dnma  by  S. 
Knowles  (1836).  Marum,  *'dauKhter** 
of  Robert,  once  a  wrecker,  was  betrothed 
to  Edward,  a  sailor,  who  went  on  his  last 
Toyage,  and  intended  then  to  marry  her. 
During  his  absence  a  storm  at  sea  arose, 
a  body  was  washed  ashore,  and  Robert 
went  down  to  plunder  it.  Marian  went 
to  look  for  her  father  and  prevent  his 
robbing  those  washed  ashore  by  the 
waves,  when  she  saw  in  the  dusk  some 
one  stab  a  wrecked  bod^.  It  was  Black 
Norris,  but  she  thought  it  was  her  father. 
Robert  being  taken  up,  Marian  gave 
witness  against  him,  and  he  was  con- 
demned to  death.  Norris  said  he  would 
save  her  father  if  she  would  marry  him, 
and  to  this  she  consented ;  but  on  the 
wedding  day  Edward  return^.  Norris 
was  taken  up  for  murder,  and  Marian 
was  saved. 

Daughter  with  Her  Murdered 

Father's   Head.      Margaret   Roper, 

daughter  of  sir  Thomas  More,  obtained 

privately  the  head  of  her  father,  which 

had    been    exposed    for   some  days  on 

London    Bridge,  and   buried   it   in  St. 

Dunstan*s    Church,   Canterbury    n635). 

Tennyson  alludes  to  this  in  the  following 

lines: — 

Morn  broadaMd  on  the  bonltn  of  the  dark. 
Ire  1  law  her  who  clatped  In  ber  laat  tnnoe 
her  mnrJereJ  fttthert  head. 

The  head  of  the  young  earl  of  Derwent- 
water  was  exposed  on  Temple  Bar  in 
1716.  His  wife  drove  in  a  cart  under 
the  arch,  and  a  man,  hired  for  the  pur- 
pose, threw  the  ^oui^  earFs  head  into 
the  cart,  that  it  might  be  decently  buried. 
— Sir  Bernard  Burke. 

Mdlle.  de  Sombreuil,  daughter  of  tha 
comte  de  Sombreuil,  insisted  on  sharing 
her  father*8  prison  during  the  **  Reign  of 
Terror,*'  and  in  accompanying  him  to  the 
guillotine. 

Dauphin  {Le  Orand)^  Louis  due  de 
Bourgogne,  eldest  son  of  Louis  XIV., 
for  whom  was  published  the  DelptUne 
Oos^ica  (1661-1711). 

Dauphin  (Le  Petit)^  son  of  the  "Gnmd 
Dauphin"  (1682-1712). 

Daura.  daughter  of  Armin.  She 
was  betrothed  to  Armar,  son  of  Armart, 
Erath  a  rival  lover  harin)^  been  rejected 
by  her.  One  day,  disguised  as  an  old 
grey-beard,  Erath  told  Daura  that  he  * 
was  sent  to  conduct  her  to  Armar,  who  ] 


was  waiting  for  her.  Without  the 
sli^test  suspicion,  she  followed  ber 
guide,  who  took  her  to  a  rock  in  the 
midst  of  the  sea,  and  there  left  ber. 
Her  brother  Arindal,  returning  from  the 
chase,  saw  Erath  on  the  uiore,  and 
bound  him  to  an  oak :  tiien  pushing  off 
the  boat,  went  to  fetdi  back  his  sister. 
At  this  crisis  Armar  came  up,  «Mi  dis- 
charged his  arrow  at  Erath :  but  the 
arrow  struck  Arindal,  and  killed  bim. 
**  The  boat  broke  in  twain,**  and  Armar 
plunged  into  the  sea  to  rescue  his  be- 
trothed ;  but  a  **  sudden  blast  from  the 
hills  struck  him,  and  he  sank  to  rise  no 
more.**  Daura  was  rescued  by  her  father, 
but  she  haunted  the  shore  all  night  in  a 
drenching  rain.  Next  day  "her  voice 
grew  very  feeble ;  it  died  away ;  azid, 
spent  with  grief,  she  expired.** — Ossian, 
aongs  of  Sdtna, 

Davenant  (J^ortf),  ft  bigamist  One 
wife  was  Marianne  Dormer,  whom  he 
forsook  in  three  months.  It  was  ^ivcn 
out  that  he  was  dead,  and  Marianne 
in  time  married  lord  Davenant's  son. 
His  other  wife  was  Louisa  Travers,  who 
was  engaged  to  captain  Dormer,  but 
was  told  that  the  captain  was  faithless 
and  had  married  another.  When  the 
villainy  of  his  lordship  covkl  be  no  longer 
concealed,  he  destroyed  himself. 

Ladu  thvenantf  one  of  the  two  wires 
of  lord  Davenant.  She  was  '*  a  faultless 
wife,*'  with  beauty  to  attmot  affection, 
and  every  womanly  grace. 

Charles  Davenanty  a  son  of  lord  Dave- 
nant, who  married  Marianne  Dormer^  his 
father's  wife. — Cumberland,  The  My*' 
terkms  Husband  (1788). 

Davenant  ( Wi//),  a  supposed  descend- 
ant from  Shakespeare,  and  Wildrake's 
friend.— Sir  W.  Scott,  WoodsU^  (time, 
the  Commonwealth). 

David,  in  Dr}'den*s  satire  of  Ab$ai<im 
ami  Achitophci^  is  meant  for  Cb^es  II. 
As  David*s  beloved  son  Absalom  rebelled 
against  him,  so  the  duke  of  Monmouth 
rebelled  against  his  father  Charles  11* 
As  Achitop«el  was  a  traitorous  counsellor 
to  David,  so  was  the  earl  of  Shaftesbury 
to  Charles  11.  As  Hnshal  outwitted 
Achitophel,  so  Hyde  (duke  of  Rochester) 
outwitted  Uie  earl  of  Shaftesbuiy,  Mt^ 
etc. 

Aofpicloui  prino^ 

Thy  loQgtng  oounoy  ■  darlinc  and  4adp% 
Tbeir  dou^  pillar,  and  Uielr  fuardlaa  ua  ... 
The  people**  prayer.  Uie  glad  dMnec^t  Umom. 
The  young  men'i  vWoo.  and  tiM  old  aMs's  dnanw 
Diyden,  dUalvm  and  AtHit9^%tt,  t  (M»|l 


DATIB. 


DAWSON. 


Damdt  kinff  of  Kortii  Wales,  eldest 
SOB  of  Oiren,  bj  his  second  wife.  Owen 
died  in  1169.  David  married  Emma 
Pbatsgeoet,  a  Saxon  princess.  He  slew 
liis  brother  Hoel  and  his  half-brother 
Tonreith  (son  of  Owen  by  his  first  wife), 
who  hsd  been  set  aside  m»m  the  succes- 
sion in  con6eqaen<%  of  a  blemish  in  the 
fsce.  He  also  imprisoned  his  brother 
Eodri,  and  drove  others  into  exile. 
Hadoc,  one  of  his  bn^ers,  went  to 
Americs,  and  established  there  a  Welsh 
colony.— Soothey,  Madoc  (1805). 

Datid  {SLY,  son  of  Xantns  prince  of 
CereCiai  {Oardtganskire)  and  the  nnn  Ma- 
learia.  He  was  the  nnde  of  king  Arthur. 
St.  David  first  embraced  the  ascetic  life 
m  the  Isle  of  Wi^t,  bnt  subsequently 
lemoved  to  ilenevia,  in  Pembrokeshire, 
vbere  he  founded  twelve  convents.  In 
577  the  archbishop  of  Caerleon  resigned 
his  see  to  him,  and  St.  David  removed 
tl^  feat  of  it  to  Menevia,  which  was  sub- 
•cqamtly  called  St.  David^s,  and  became 
the  metropolis  of  Wales.  He  died  at  the 
see  of  146,  in  the  year  642.  The  waters 
«  Bath  "  owe  their  warmth  and  salutary 
Malities  to  the  benediction  of  this  saint." 
Draytoa  bays  he  lived  in  the  valley  of 
Ewias  (2  sv/.),  between  the  hills  of 
Hitrerin,  in  Monmouthshire. 


la  MiVBi  adi  vttb  OKM  and  hr  L 

Mt  to  tut  dajr  Um  sn  laOh  aver  iliOB«^ 
aiatta: 


/(o^wMm.  fv.  (ISIS). 

8L  Dearicts  Day,  March  1.  The  leek 
vera  by  Welshmen  on  this  day  is  in 
■eoaoiy  of  a  complete  victory  obtained 
br  them  over  the  Saxons  (March  1,  640). 
mt  victory  is  ascribed  '*  to  the  prayers 
ef  St  David,**  and  his  judicious  adoption 
of  a  leek  in  the  cap,  that  the  Bntons 
■ight  readiljT  recc^ize  each  other.  The 
8azons,  having  no  badge  not  upfre- 
<)ueatly  turned  their  swords  Agounst  their 
own  snpporters. 

David  and  Jonathan,  inseparable 
friends.  The  allusion  is  to  David  the 
poslmist  and  Jonathan  the  son  of  Saul. 
Mvid*s  Umcntation  at  the  death  of 
Jonsthan  was  never  surpassed  in  pathos 
sad  beauty.— 2  Samuei  u  19-27. 

BaTie  Debet,  debt. 

a*  «a*  Ov  ai%kk«n  baMUMt  la  tkjr  ten. 
ia  Oa«to  IMwC  la  liv  partar  Maad. 

kaA  MA.  UKeJ  vtleoat*  to  thto*  ofwn  deonr. 

<L  Clwtalpn.  JfofiutM  rtetioal,  «<c  («bcd  177H 

Davie  of  Stenhouae,  a  friend  of 
Bobbie  Elliott— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  If  lack 
IhMrf  (time,  Anne). 


Daviea  (John),  an  old  fishermaii 
employed  by  Joshua  Geddes  the  quaker. 
--Sir  W.  Scott,  Bcdgcntntlei  (time, 
George  III.). 

DaVuBy  a  plain,  uncouth  servitor: 
a  common  name  for  a  slave  in  Greek  and 
Roman  plays,  as  in  the  Andrla  of 
Terence. 

RtebMinadtorbraMi,  IOm  a  vto  In  a  bum. 
Hit  flaaturtUka  DainM.  vhom  Tereaot  dolh  n 
T. 


Davus  tuniy  non  (E'dipui,  I  am  a 
homely  man,  and  do  not  understand 
hints,  innuendoes,  and  riddles,  like  GCdi- 
pus.  (Edipus  was  the  Theban  who 
expounded  the  riddle  of  the  Sphinx,  that 
puzzled  all  his  countrymen.  Davus  was 
the  stock  name  of  a  servant  or  slave  in 
Latin  comedies.  The  proverb  is  used  by 
Terence,  Andrla,  I,  2,  28. 

Davy,  the  varlet  of  justice  Shallow, 
who  so  laentifies  himself  with  his  master 
that  he  considers  himself  half  host  half 
varlet  Thus  when  he  seats  Bardolph 
and  Page  at  table,  he  tells  them  thc^ 
must  tuie  "his*'  good  will  for  their 
assurance  of  welcome. — Shakespeare,  2 
Jlenry  IV.  (1598). 

Daw  (<Sfr  David),  a  rich,  dunder- 
headed  baronet  of  Monmouthshire,  with- 
out wit,  words,  or  worth,  but  believing 
himself  somebody,  and  fancying  himself 
a  sharp  fellow,  becaui>e  his  servants  laugh 
at  his  good  sayings,  and  his  mother  caJlr 
him  a  wa^.  Sir  David  pays  his  suit  to 
Miss  [Emily]  Tempest ;  but  as  the  affec- 
tions of  the  youne  lady  are  fixed  on 
Ilenry  Woodville,  the  baron  goes  to  the 
wall.— Cumberbind,  The  Wheel  of  For* 
tune  (1779). 

Dawfyd,  "  the  one-eyed  **  freebooter 
cUef.— ^  W.  Soott,  The  Betrothed 
(time,  Henry  II.). 

Dawkina  (Jack),  known  by  the 
sobriquet  of  the  "Artful  Dodger.^  He 
is  one  of  Fagin's  tools.  Jack  Dawkins  is 
a  young  scamp  of  unmitigated  villainy, 
and  full  of  artifices,  but  of  a  cheery, 
buoyant  temper. — C.  Dickens,  Olivtr 
Twist,  viii.  (18^7). 

DaWBon  (BtUly),  a  London  sharper, 

bully,  and  debauchee  of  the  seventeenth 

century.— See  ^Kctatnr,  No.  2. 

Ballr  DawHHi  kklMd  br  half  Um  town,  and  half  tta 
town  kicked  by  Dully  Dainoa.-<aiarlca  Laaabi 

DavKm  (Jemmy),  Captain  James  Daw- 
son was  one  of  tne  eight  officers  belong- 
ing to  the  Manchester  volonteen  in  tfie 


DAWSON. 


i40  DAYS  RECUKSBNT,  ETa 


Mr4oe  of  Charley  Edwaxd,  the  young 
pretoader.  He  was  a  very  amiable 
vouiu^  man,  engaged  to  a  yoang  lady  of 
fitmi^  and  fortune,  who  went  la  her 
carriage  to  witness  his  execution  lor 
treason.  When  the  body  was  drawn,  i,e, 
embowelled,  and  the  heart  thrown  into  the 
fire,  she  exclaimed,  **  James  Dawson !  ** 
and  expired.  Shenstone  has  made  this 
the  subject  of  a  tragic  ballad. 

Voons  Dbwsuu  vm  a  y^llMit  yontlit 
A  brifhtcr  ntmr  trod  th«  pUin ; 

AnA  ««U  Iw  lo*«d  one  cbaroiioc  nsM, 
And  4mify  wu  be  lowd  NCdn 


Dawmm  {Phabe)^  "  the  pride  of  Lara- 
mas  Fair,"  courted  bpr  aU  the  smartest 
young  noen  of  the  village,  but  caught 
<<by  the  sparkling  eyes  and  ardent 
words  of  a  tailor.  Phoebe  had  by  him  a 
child  before  marriage,  and  after  marriage 
he  turned  a  '*  captious  tyrant  and  a  noisy 
sot."  Poor  Phoebe  drooped,  "pinched 
were  her  looks,  as  one  who  pined  for 
brcMuij"  and  in  want  and  sickness  she 
sank  into  an  early  tomb. 

This  sketch  is  one  of  the  best  in  Crabbers 
Pariah  lUgiaUr  {Vmi), 

Day  {J\iatioeV  a  pitiable  hen-pecked 
husband,  who  always  addresses  his  wife 
as^duck^or  "duckie," 

Urii,  Day,  wife  of  the  "justice."  fnU 
of  vulgar  (ugnity,  overbearing,  and  loud. 
She  was  formerly  the  kitchen-maid  of 
her  husband^s  father;  but  being  raised 
from  the  kitchen  to  the  parlour,  became 
my  lady  paramount. 

In  the  comedy  from  which  this  farce  is 
taken, "Mrs.  Day  "  was  the  kitchen-maid 
in  the  family  of  colonel  Careless,  and 
went  by  the  name  of  Gillian.  In  her 
exalted  state  she  insisted  on  being  ad- 
dressed as  "Your  honour"  or  "Your 
ladyriup." 

Mu«w«i  WoAnctoa  [ITlS-lTe*).  te  "Mn-  Dnt." 
mad*  DO  KTuple  lo  aiaKube  her  boMitlAil  tmoe  bv  drawing 
4in  a  Um  Un«  of  d«fonnh]r.  sod  to  pat  o«  ibe  t«irdiT 
lyiOiiUnHats  and  vulnr  mannen  of  an  old  hjiiacritkal 
dty  vtMn.— TboaoHDavlflB. 

Mel  Dayy  a  piiritaniei^  pii^,  who  can 
do  nothing  without  Obadish.  This 
<*  downright  ass"  (act  i.  1)  «spirafl  to  the 
hand  of  the  heiress  Arabella.-— T.  K.nlght, 
The  Honest  Thieves. 

This  farce  is  a  mere  r€chmiff€iA  The 
CwvmXdeey  a  comedy  by  the  Hon.  sir 
R.  Howard  (1670).  The  names  of  "  Day," 
"Obadiah,"  and  "Arabella"  are  the 
•ame. 

ZHw  {FerqitiharS),  the  absentee  from 
the  cCin  Qiattan  ranks  at  the  conflict. — 


Sir  W.  Soott,  Fcrir  MaiA  of  Pmik  (i 
Henry  IV.). 

Bay  of  the  Barricades,  May  12, 

1588,  when  Henri  de  Guise  retumcni  to 
Paris  in  defiance  of  the  king's  order. 
The  king  sent  for  his  Swiss  guards,  and 
the  Pansians  tore  up  the  pavements, 
threw  chains  across  the  streets,  and  piled 
up  barrels  fiUed  with  earth  and  stones, 
behind  which  they  shot  down  the  Swias 
as  thev  paraded  the  streets.  The  kinn^ 
begged  tiie  duke  to  put  an  end  to  the  con- 
flict, and  fled. 

Anothier  Jawmfy  de$  Barrioadm  was 
August  27,  168)$,  the  commeQcement  nC 
the  Fronde  war. 

Another  was  June  27,  1830,  Om  fint 
day  of  the  gramd  semoM  which  djrov* 
Charies  X.  from  the  throne. 

Another  was  February  24,  1848,  wh«n 
Affre,  archbishop  of  Paris,  was  shot  in 
his  attempt  to  quell  the  insurrectioii. 

Another  was  December  2,  1861,  ttia 
day  of  the  coi^  (T^/o^  when  Loiaifl 
Napoleon  made  his  appeal  to  the  poop&a 
for  r^-eleotion  to  the  presidency  for  ten 
years. 

Day  oiiSbB  Comsaoks  {JmmA 
des  Fariites^,  Januarv  8,  15S^1,  when  some 
of  the  partisans  of  Henri  lY.,  disused 
as  millers,  attempted  to  get  possession  of 
the  barrier  de  St.  Honord  (Paris),  with 
the  view  of  making  themselves  masters 
of  the  city.    In  this  they  foiled. 

Day  of  the  Dupes,  November  11, 
1630.  Hie  du{)es  were  Marie  de  Hedicis, 
Anne  of  Austria,  and  Gaston  due  d*Or- 
Icans,  who  were  outwitted  by  cardinal 
Richelieu.  The  plotters  had  induced 
Louis  XIII.  to  dismiss  his  ot>noxioas 
minister,  whereupon  the  cardinal  went 
at  once  to  resign  the  seals  of  office ;  the 
king  repented,  re-established  the  cardinal, 
and  he  became  more  powerful  than  ever* 


Days  Beourrent  in  the  liii 
of  Great  Men. 

Bbckbt.  Tuesday  was  B6ckec*s  day. 
He  was  bom  on  a  Tuesday,  and  on  a 
Tuesday  was  assassinated.  He  was 
baptized  on  a  "tuesday,  took  his  flis^t 
from  Northampton  on  a  Tuesday,  wuh- 
drew  to  France  on  a  Tuesday,  had 
his  vision  of  maityvdom  on  a  Tuesday, 
returned  to  England  on  a  Tuesday,  ms 
body  was  removed  from  the  crypt  to  the 
shrine  on  a  Tuesday,  and  on  Tuesday 
(April  13,  1876)  cardinal  Manning  conte 
crated  the  new  church  dedicated  to  8t« 
Thomas  k  Bccket. 


DAZZLE. 


241 


DEANS. 


CBOxmox.**  day  was  September  H. 
Om  September  8, 1650,  be  won  the  butUe 
of  Donfaar;  ob  S«>teinber  8,  1651,  he 
wo«  die  battle  ai  Worcester ;  on  Septem- 
ber 3,  1658,  ke  died. 

Uabold's  daj  wm  October  14.  It  wm 
Um  bathdav,  aid  abo  the  day  of  his 
iirth.  Wmxam  tibe  Ooaqneror  was  Jbom 
OB  the  same  day,  and,  on  October  14, 1066, 
voa  Ragiand  by  cooqiiest. 

JSfAroLmas'B  day  was  Ajngnst  15,  his 
Hrtiiday;  bat  his  'MnckV^  day,  like 
Ihat  of  lua  aephew,  NapMeoo  111.,  was 
the  ted  of  fte  laonth.  He  was  made 
for  life  OB  Angast  2,  1802;  was 
Deeeasber  2,  1804;  won  his 
battle,  tiiat  of  Aosteriitx,  for 
vhidi  he  obtained  the  title  of  <*Gfeat," 
DceoBbcr  2,  1805;  married  the  ardb- 
dnchcss  of  Austria  April  2,  1810 ;  ete« 

Natolbok  III.  The  com  d^tat  was 
Deeeaiber  2,  1861.  Louia  Napoleon  was 
Bade  caiperor  Deccaber  2,  1862;  he 
opened,  at  Samrbrllck,  the  Franco-German 
war  Amgatft  2,  1870 :  and  sorrendered  his 
iwoid  to  William  of  Prussia,  September  2, 
1870. 

Daisley  in  Lomdon  Assvramoe^  by 
D.  Boodcanlt. 


"act 


Be  Boiirgo(TFiiUicim},  brother  of  tiie 
•ari  of  Ulater  and  comxaander  of  the 
Relish  fbiees  that  defeated  Felim 
OuMmor  (1815)  at  Athimree,  in  Con- 
Maght. 

OwyMI.  0*OMMMf'«  CMM. 

Be  CoUT^,  in  a  romance  called 
Woeim,  by  the  Ker.  C  R.  Matnrin.  An 
Irishwan,  made  up  of  contradiotionB  and 
iaipfobabillties.  He  is  in  love  with 
Zona,  a  brilliant  Italian,  and  also  with 
her  m&nown  daogfater,  called  Eva  Went- 
weith.  a  model  of  jpari^.  Both  women 
are  blighted  by  his  inconstancy.  Eva 
bat  Zaira  lives  to  see  De  Gourcy 
of  remorK  (1822). 


De  Qaid*  *  noble,  staid  oentleman, 
newly  KghfcoH  from  his  travels;  brother 
of  Oria'na,  who  "chases**  Mi'rabel  "the 
wild  goose,**  and  catches  him. — Beaamont 
iMi  Retdier,  The  Wad-goo9e  CAa*;(1652). 

De  L'EpeeMUO*  Seeing  a  deaf  and 
dnmb  lad  abandoned  in  the  streets  of 
Furis,  he  rescues  him,  and  brines  him  up 
aadcr  the  nane  oif  Theodore.    The  found- 


ling turns  out  to  be  Julio  count  of 
anconr. 


"In  your  •piakm,  «te  b  theu 
FmocebM  •Mrpnidimdr''    "  8cI«m«  voold  dadite  for 


irAlembert,  and  N«toi«  [wnOd]  aur  Boffon ;  WU  and 
»Mt>  [momld]  pimmt  Voltoh^ ;  and  SMittewiit  plo^  fcr 
BooMHi;  bat  Qenioa  mmI  Biwianlty  cry  out  for  D* 
rSpte.  and  him  I  call  the  beM  and  grcatoat  of  hoaiaB 
eraatarm"— 111.   Hoknlk.  rM  /»»<  m»4  PmmA,  M.  fl 

De  FroftindiB  (*' <mi  of  ike 
depths  .  .  .'*),  the  first  two  words  of 
Faalm  cxxx.  in  the  Roman  CathoUc 
Uturgy,  sung  when  the  dead  are  com- 
mitted to  the  grave. 

At  •?•.  ta«M4  or  bridal  «Mi% 
Hm  J>9  Pr^undU  ftlkd  tb«  air. 

LousfeOow.  ri«  SflNd  Mrl 

De  Valmont  {Omnt)^  fMher  of 
Florian  and  uncle  of  Geraldine.  During 
his  absence  in  the  wars,  he  left  his  kins- 
man, the  baron  Longueville,  guardian  of 
his  castle ;  but  under  the  hope  of  coming 
into  the  property,  the  baron  set  fire  to  the 
castle,  intending  there^  to  kiU  the  wife 
and  her  infant  boy.  When  De  Valmont 
returned  and  knew  his  losses,  he  became 
a  wa^ard  recluse,  querulous,  despondent, 
frantic  at  times,  and  at  times  most  melan- 
choly. He  adoi^ed  an  infant  *'  found  in  a 
forest,**  who  turned  out  to  be  his  son.  His 
wife  was  ultimately  found,  and  die  vil- 
lainy of  Longueville  was  brought  to  light. 
~W.  Dimood,  The  Foundling  of  tJk  Forest. 

Mom  **D«  Vabaoats**  I  bar*  wllaiiiil  biiftr^Mr 
faan*  but  bav*  never  nen  the  aqoal  of  fuwttb  Oeana 
Ilohnan  [17Si-lS17). -Donaldson. 

Deaf  mud  Dumb  {The)^  a  comedy 
by  Thomas  Holcroft.  **  The  deaf  and 
dumb  **  bov  is  Julio  count  of  Harancour, 
a  ward  of  Sf .  Dariemont,  who,  in  order  to 
get  possession  of  his  ward's  propertv, 
abandons  him  when  very  ^ung  m  the 
streets  of  Paris.  Here  he  is  rescued  by 
the  abb^  t>e  TEp^  who  brings  him  up 
under  the  name  of  Theodore.  The  boy 
being  recognized  by  his  old  nurse  and 
others,  Dariemont  confesses  his  crime, 
and  Julio  b  restored  to  his  rank  and 
inheritance.— Th.  Holcroft,  The  Deaf  and 
Dumb  (1785). 

Dean  of  St.  Patrick  (2^),  Jona- 
than Swift,  who  was  appointed  to  the 
deanery  in  1718,  and  retained  it  till  his 
death  (1667-1746). 

Deans  {Douce  Davie),  the  cowherd 
at  Edinburgh,  noted  for  his  religious 
peculiarities,  nis  m.igrianimity  in  flec- 
tion, and  his  eccentricities. 

Mistress  Rebecca  Deans,  Douce  Davie*.t 
second  wife. 

Jennie  Deans,  daughter  of  Douce  Davie 
Deans,  by  his  first  wife.     She  mairiea 


DKATH. 


24S 


DEBATABLE  LAND 


Reuben  Butler^  the  pvesbyteruui  miniBter. 
Jeftnie  Deans  is  «  oiodel  of  good  sense, 
strong  affection,  resolution,  and  dis- 
interestedness. Her  journey  from  Edin- 
burgh to  London  is  as  interesting  as  that 
of  Elizcbeth  from  Siberia  to  Moscow,  or 
of  BQnyan*s  pilgrim. 

IC^  {Euji)hcmia']  Deans^  daughter  of 
Douce  Davie  Deans,  by  his  second  wife. 
She  is  betrayed  by  George  [after- 
vatds  sir  George]  Staunton  (called 
Gecrdie  Jiobertsonjt  and  imprisoned  for 
child  murder.  Jeanie  goes  to  the  queen 
and  sues  for  pardon,  which  is  vouchsafed 
to  her,  and  Staunton  does  what  he  can 
to  repair  the  mischief  he  has  done  by 
inarr>'ing  Effie,  who  thus  becomes  ladv 
Staunton.  Soon  after  this  sir  George  fs 
shot  by  a  gipsy  boy,  who  proves  to  be 
bis  own  son^  and  Effie  retires  to  a  convent 
on  the  Continent. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Hew^  of 
Midlothian  (time,  George  IL). 

*^*  J.  E.  Millais  has  a  picture  of  Effie 
Deans  keepiug  tryst  with  George  Staunton. 

*^*  The  prototype  of  Jeanie  Deans 
was  nden  Walker,  to  whose  memory 
sir  W.  Scott  erected  a  tombstone  in 
Irongray  Churchyard  (Kirkcudbright). 

Death  or  Mors.  So  Tennyson  calls 
"Mr  Ironside  the  Ked  Knight  oi  the  Red 
Lands,  who  kept  Lyonors  (or  Liones) 
captive  in  Castle  Perilous.  The  name 
**Mors,"  which  is  Latin,  is  very  incon- 
sistent with  a  purely  British  tale,  and  of 
course  does  not  appear  in  the  original 
story. — ^I'ennyson,  Jdf^lis  (*•  Garcth  and 
Lvnctte ")  :  sir  T.  Malory,  History  of 
Prince  Arthwr,  i.  134-187  (1470). 

Death  {The  Ferry  of).  The  ferrv  of 
the  Irtish^  leading  to  Siberia,  is  so  colled 
because  it  leads  the  Russian  exile  to 
political  and  almost  certain  physical 
death.  To  be  "laid  on  the  shelf '^ is  to 
croM  the  ferry  of  t/ie  Irtish, 

Death  fix>m  Strange  Causes. 

iEsciiYLUH  was  killed  by  the  fall  of  a 
tortoise  on  his  head  from  the  claws  of  an 
eagle  in  the  air. — Pliny,  Hist,  vii.  7. 

AuATii'ocLES  (4  syi,)t  tyrant  of  Sicily, 
was  killed  by  a  tooth-pick,  at  the  age  of  95. 

Amackrom  was  choked  by  a  grape- 
stone. — Pliny,  Hist,  vii.  7. 

Bassus  {Q.  f^canius)  died  from  the 
prick  of  a  fine  needle  in  his  left  thumb. 

CiiAix:itAs,  the  soothgayer,  died  of 
laughter  at  the  thought  of  his  having 
outlived  the  time  predicted  for  his  death. 

Charlrs  VIII.,  conducting  his  queen 
into  a  tennis-court,  struck  nis  bead  against 
thb  lintUt  Mid  it  caused  his  death. 


Fabius.  the  Roman  pnetor,  was  choked 
by  a  single  ^^oat-hair  in  the  milk  whidi 
he  was  drinking. — Pliny,  Hist,  vii.  7. 

Frederick  Lewis,  prince  of  Wales, 
died  from  the  blow  of  a  cricket-ball. 

Itadach  died  of  thint  in  the  harvest- 
field,  because  (in  observance  of  the  rule 
of  St.  Patrick)  he  refused  to  drink  a 
drop  of  anvthing. 

Louis  Vl.  met  with  his  death  from  a 
pig  mnning  under  his  horsa,  and  causing 
It  to  stumble. 

Marouttb  died  of  laughter  on  seeing  a 
monkey  trsringto  poll  on  a  pair  of  his  boots. 

Piiilom'enks  (4  9yL)  died  of  laughter 
at  seeing  an  ass  eating  the  figs  provided 
for  his  own  dessert.— Valerius  Maximus. 

Placut  (Phillipot)  dropped  down  dead 
while  in  the  act  of  paying  a  bilL — Baca- 
berry  the  elder. 

QuENELAULT,  ft  Norman  physician  of 
Montpellier,  died  from  the  slight  wound 
made  in  his  hand  in  the  extraction  of  a 
splinter. 

Saupbius  (i^ptirtiM)  was  choked  supping 
up  the  albumen  of  a  soft-boiled  e^. 

Zkuxis,  the  painter,  died  of  lau^ter 
at  sight  of  a  hag  which  he  had  just 
depicted. 

Death  Proof  of   Guilt.    When 

combats  and   ordeals  were  appealed   to 

in  proof  of  guilt,  in  the  belief  that  **  God 

would  defend  the  right,"  the  death  of  the 

combatant  was  his  sentence  of  guilt  also. 

IUm  iMiiet  that  tfmMor  Itom  onr  ■iiiht. 
For.  hf  hit  dvUh,  we  do  percdra  hb  guilt 

,8  M*nrt  r/.  act  tt.  K^  S  (USl). 


Death  Bide  (The),  the  charge  of 
the  Light  Brigade  at  Balaklava,  O^ber 
25,  1854.  In  this  action  600  English 
horsemen,  under  the  command  of  the  earl 
of  Cardigan,  charged  a  Russian  force  of 
5000  cavalry  and  six  battalions  of  in- 
fantry. The^  galloped  through  the 
battery  of  thirty  guns,  cutting  down 
the  artiller>nnen,  and  through  the  cavalry, 
but  then  discovered  the  battalions,  and 
cut  their  way  back  again.  Of  the  G7()  who 
advanced  to  this  diuring  charce,  not  200 
returned.  This  reckless  exploit  was  the 
result  of  some  misunderstanding  in  an 
order  from  the  commander-in-chief. 
Tennvson  has  a  poem  on  the  subiect, 
called  The  Charge  of  the  Light  Brigade, 

Fur  diivalroai  ifefotlon  and  during  "  the  Daatb  RM*  ** 
or  Uie  Light  Brtgwls  will  not  OHilr  h«  pwatWcd.— ar 
Kdw.  CraMjr,  rk«  /XfMnt  />mMm  Saote  (pnfiim). 

Debatable  liand  (The\K  tract  of 
land  between  the  Esk  and  the  Sark.  It 
seems  properly  to  belong  to  Scotland,  bat 
having  been  claiiLed  by  both  crowns  was 


DEBON. 


248 


DEFARGB. 


•tyled  n«  Debatable  Land.  Sir  Richard 
Graham  bon^t  of  Jaows  I.  of  England  a 
lease  of  this  tiact,  and  got  it  united  to 
the  county  of  Cumberluid.  Ab  James 
ruled  over  both  kingdoms,  be  was 
supremely  indifferent  to  which  the  plot 
was  annexed. 

Deb'on,  one  of  the  companions  of 
Brute.  According  to  British  fsble,  Devon- 
shire is  a  corruption  of  "  Debon's-ehare,** 
or  the  sham  of  country  assigned  to  Debon. 

Deborah  Bebbitoh,  govemante  at 
lady  Peverirs.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Fevenl  of 
tke  Feak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Deo'adi,  plu.  dec^adis^  the  holiday 
cverr  tenth  day,  in  substitution  of  the 
Sunday  or  sabbath,  in  the  first  French 
Revolution. 


ai  Mcadl  he  kkoun  In  Um  eonMr  of  tb«  Answtta 
diirtMv  Mi4  k*  cOi  ttiM  hk  hottdiqr.— »«  dttUer  *• 

"Deceni  Soriptores,  a  collection 
of  ten  ancient  dironicles  on  English 
history,  edited  by  Tw3rsden  and  John 
Selden.  The  names  of  the  chroniclers 
are  Simeon  of  Durham,  John  of  Hexham, 
Richard  of  Hexham,  Ailred  of  Rieval, 
Ralph  de  Diceto,  John  Brompton  of 
Jorval,  Gervase  of  Canterbunr,  Thomas 
Stubbs,  William  Thorn  of  Ouiterbury, 
and  Henry  Knighton  of  Leicester. 

De'eins*  friend  of  Antin'ous  (4  tyL), 
— Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  Lawe  of  Candy 
(1647). 

I>6aree  of  Fontaineblean,  an 
edict  of  Napoleon  I.,  ordering  the  destruc- 
tion by  Are  of  all  English  goods  (dated 
October  18,  1810,  from  Fontainebleau). 

Deo^uman  Gkite,  one  of  the  four 
gates  in  a  Roman  camp.  It  was  the  gate 
opposite  the  pnetorian,  and  furthest  nom 
the  enemy.  Galled  decuman  because  the 
tenik  legion  was  always  posted  near  it. 
The  other  two  gates  (the^porta  nrthct]pa/ts 
dextra  and  the  porta  prmcwdlts  smtstra) 
were  on  the  other  sides  of  the  square.  If 
the  prtftorian  gate  was  at  the  top  of  this 
page,  the  decum€m  gate  would  be  at  the 
oottora,  tilie  porta  dextra  on  the  right 
hand,  wad  the  porta  emistra  on  the  left. 

Dedlock  (Sir  Leicester)^  bart,^  who 
has  a  general  opinion  that  the  world 
mieht  get  on  without  hills,  bat  would 
be  "totallv  done  up"  without  Dedlocks. 
He  loveA  lady  Dedlock,  and  believes  in 
her  implicitly.  Sir  Leicester  is  honour- 
able and  bnthful,  but  intensely  preju- 
diced, immovably  obstinate,  and  proud 
as  **  oovnty  **  can  make  a  man ;  but  his 


pride  has  a  most  dreadful  fall  when  the 
guilt  of  lady  Dedlock  becomes  known. 

Lady  Dedlocky  wife  of  sir  Leic^ter, 
beautiful,  cold,  and  apparently  httirtless ; 
but  she  is  weighed  down  with  this  terrible 
secret,  that  before  marriage  she  had  bad 
a  daughter  by  captain  Hawdon.  Thii 
daughter's  name  is  Esther  [Summerson] 
the  heroine  of  the  novel. 

VoluauUa  Dedlock,  cousin  of  sii 
Leicester.  A  ** young'*  lady  of  60, 
given  to  rou^e,  pearl-^wder,  and  cos- 
metics. She  nas  a  habit  of  prying  into 
the  concerns  of  others. — C.  Dickens, 
Bleak  Howe  (1858). 

Dee's  Spiao'iiluxii,  a  mirror,  which 
Dr.  John  Dee  asserted  was  brought 
to  him  bv  the  angels  Raphael  and 
Gabriel.  At  the  dea&  of  the  doctor  it 
passed  into  the  possession  of  the  earl  of 
reterboroughj  at  Drayton  ;  then  to  lady 
Betty  Germame,  by  whom  it  was  given 
to  John  last  duke  of  Argyll.  The  duke's 
pindson  (lord  Frederic  Campbell)  gave 
it  to  Horace  Walpole ;  and  in  1842  it  was 
sold,  at  the  dispersion  of  the  curiosities 
of  Strawberry  Hill,  and  bought  by  Mr. 
Smythe  Pigott.  At  the  sale  of  Mr. 
Pigott's  library,  in  1853,  it  passed  into 
the  possession  of  the  late  lord  Londes- 
borou^  A  writer  in  Notes  and  Qveriee 
(p.  876,  November  7,  1874)  savs,  it  "has 
now  been  for  many  vears  in  tne  British 
Museum,**  where  he  saw  it  "some 
ei^teen  years  ago." 

This  magic  sfMculum  is  a  flat  polished 
mineral,  Itke  cannel  coal,  of  a  circular 
form,  fitted  with  a  handle. 

Deerslayer  ( The),  the  title  of  a  novel 
by  J.  F.  Cooper,  and  the  nickname  of  its 
hero,  Natty  or  Nathaniel  Bumppo.  He 
is  a  model  uncivilised  man,  honourable, 
truthful,  and  brave,  pure  of  heart  and 
without  reproach.  He  is  introduced  in 
five  of  Cooper's  novels :  The  Deertlayer, 
The  Pathfinder,  The  Latt  of  the  Mohieane, 
The  Pioneere,  and  The  Prairie,  He  is 
called  "  Hawk-eye  "  in  The  Latt  of  the 
Mohieane;  ''Leather-stocking"  in  The 
Pioneere;  and  "The  Trapper"  in  7%e 
Prairie,  in  which  last  book  he  dies. 

DeflBurffe  (Mone.),  keeper  of  a  wine 
shop  in  me  Faubourge  St.  Antoine,  in 
Pans.  He  is  a  bull-necked,  good- 
humoured,  but  implacable-looking  man. 

Mde,    Defarge,ms  wife,  a  dangerous 

woman,  with  great  force  of  character; 

everlastingly  knittang. 

Mda  IMu«e  had  •  wntchM  tj^.  tiat  MMooi  ■muibJ 
tolook  At  Mi]rtlrii«~4X  OiduB^  A  TmU  nf  Tm»  OlUm 
LOOSOB. 


DEFENDBK  OF  THE  FAITH.      Ui 


DELIA  CRU8CA  SCHOOL. 


Definider  of  the  Faith,  Uie  title 
firfft  ffiven  to  Ueniy  VIIL  by  pope  Leo 
X.,  tot  ft  Tolume  mgainst  Luther,  in 
defence  of  pardons,  the  papftcy,  and  the 
•eren  sacraments.  The  original  volume 
is  in  the  Vatican,  and  contains  this 
inscription  hi  the  king*s  haadwritiiig : 
Angi<uimt  rex  Bemicut,  Leoni  X  mittU 
hoc  opus  etfidei  tettem  H  amicUia ;  where- 
n|>on  the  pope  (in  the  twelfth  year  of  his 
reign)  conferred  upon  Henry,  by  bnll,  the 
titM  **  Fidei  Defensor,"  and  commanded 
all  Qiristians  so  to  address  him.  The 
original  bull  was  prescrred  by  sir  Robert 
Cotton,  and  is  signed  by  the  pope,  foor 
bishop-cardinals,  fifteen  priesi^eardinals, 
and  eight  deacoo-cardinaM.  A  complete 
copy  ^  the  bull,  with  its  seals  and  sig^ 
fiatares,  may  be  seen  in  8eideD*s  Titla  of 
Hommr,  r.  58-67  (1672). 

DefbnflSdtaSy  Devonriiire. 

Befoa  writes  The  HiMtory  ^  iks 
PUtgt^  of  LomdfM  as  if  he  had  been  a 
personal  spectator,  but  he  was  only  thrtt 
ycaa  old  at  the  time  (1668-1731). 

Degg^al,  antichrist  The  Moham- 
medan writers  say  he  has  bat  one  eye  and 
one  eyebrow,  and  on  his  fordiead  Is 
written  CAFKR  ("infidel"). 

ChOlad  witli  tBrror,  «•  eoncfoded  that  ttie  DesU.  vMk 
kli  extarmlaatlns  ancdi.  bad  amt  InIIi  UmIt  f«s"«  mi 
tha  m/r^-yf.  Bacl&nl.  Vtuhtik  (178A). 

Degree.  *'  Fine  by  degrees  and  bea«» 
tifully  less."— Prior. 

Deheubaarth,  Sooth  Wales. — Spen- 
ser. Fakr^  Qveen,  ui.  2  (1690). 

Deird'ri,  an  ancient  Irish  story 
similar  to  the  IXxr-Thttla  of  Ossian. 
Conor,  king  of  Ulster,  puts  to  death  by 
treachery  the  three  sons  of  Usnach. 
This  leads  to  the  desolating  war  against 
Ulster,  which  terminates  m  the  total 
destruction  of  Eman.  This  is  one  of  the 
three  tragic  stories  of  the  Irish,  which 
are:  (I)  The  death  of  the  children  of 
Totttan  (regarding  Tuatha  de  Danans); 
^2)  the  death  of  the  children  of  Lear  or 
lir,  turned  into  swans  by  Aoife;  (8) 
the  death  of  the  childreii  of  Usnach  (a 
«*  Milesian  "  stoiy). 

Dei'ri  (8  <«/.),  separated  from  Ber- 
nicia  by  Soemil,  the  sixth  in  descent  from 
Wodon.  Deiri  and  Bemida  together 
constituted  Northnmbria. 

I>l«ni  \$ie\  boareth  thn/  the  flpMrloai  TorirWi  bomkla, 
Vmm  Duiliam  down  alenji  to  th«  iMttauttrtmn  aoandi ... 
And  did  tha  graatar  part  of  CumbarlaMd  contain. 

Drajion.  rVjrotfrfan,  iri.  (KDS). 

Dek'abriflt,  a  Decembrist,  from 
Jkkabtr,  the  Russian  for  December.    It 


denotes  those  persons  irho  suffered  death 
or  captivity  for  the  part  tbev  took  in  tha 
military  conspiracy  which  broke  oat  in 
St.  Petersburg  in  December,  1826,  on  tha 
accession  of  czar  Nicholas  to  the  throne. 

Dela'da,  the  tooth  of  Buddha,  pre- 
served in  the  Malegawa  temple  at  Randjr. 
The  natives  guard  it  with  tht  greatest 
jealousy,  from  a  belief  that  whoever 
possesses  it  aoquirss  the  right  to  govern 
Ceykm.  When  the  English  (in  1816)  o^ 
tained  possession  of  this  (lalladium,  the 
natives  submitted  without  resistanee. 

Delaserre  (Captam  Philip),  a  friend 
of  Han^  Bertram.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Guy 
Mannenng  (time,  George  II.). 

Deleo'table  MountainB,  a  nnxn 
of  hills  from  the  summits  of  which  the 
Celestial  City  could  be  seen.  These 
mountains  ware  beautiful  with  woods, 
vineyards,  fruits  of  all  sorts,  flowers, 
springs  and  fountains,  etc 

Mow  then  ware  M  thalaMoriiMN  ■■■iilrtai  iliap 
kaH*  feadliv  tMr  SmIk    TWa  piWlm  thatcfan^  ««tt 
to  tbam.  aad  kanlnf  on  Utalr  ataOb  .  .  .  ttny  mIm4. 


dalactaMa  iDonaUlM  aia  thaw,  and 
.  ttuitteadupoa  tbamt"     Hm 
'  Thaaa  moantalna  ara  ■nunanad'a  kand 
ritaay  an  His.  and  H«  laid  down  Hb  Wb  far 
>'« /y«»r«H.  I.  (MTU. 


Delia,  Diana;  so  called  from  the 
island  Delos,  where  she  was  bom. 
SimiUrly,  Apollo  was  called  /V/nia. 
Milton  says  tnat  Eve,  e'en 

IMialiaK. 
In  s*ta  wrp— ad  and  aoddBM-Iika  deport. 
Tbough  not  asebe  with  bow  and  quiver  afvud. 

Pitradim  lotl»  U.  338.  cic  ilSSS). 

/V/m,  any  female  sweetheaii.  She  m 
one  of  the  shepherdesses  in  Vii^rs 
Edogueu  TibuUus,  the  Roman  poci,  calls 
his  lady-love  **  Delia,*'  but  what  her  xc&l 
name  was  is  not  certain. 

Delioy  the  lady>love  of  James  Ham* 
mond's  elegies,  was  Miss  Dashwood,  wao 
died  in  1779.  She  rejected  his  suit,  and 
died  unmarried.  In  one  of  U^  ele^^ias 
the  poet  imagines  himself  married  to  her^ 
and  that  they  were  living  happily 
together  UIl  death,  when  pi^mg  maids 
would  tell  of  their  wondrous  loves. 

Delian  King  {The).  Apollo  or  the 
sun  is  so  called  in  tne  Orphic  nymn. 

Oftai  Uia  Dalian  UnswUhBlrlwlMl^ 
The  central  henvans. 

Akenride,  JTfMm  toM*  ifrUmte  (I7S7). 

Delight  of  Mankind  ( The),  Titus 
the  Koman  emperor  (a.d.  40,  79«-81). 

T*tus  tndoed  nre  one  ihort  evcuiuR  gleam. 
More  xntllfir  felt,  aa  in  the  luidet  H  ipread 
OreCorMuadhurTDr:  "The  IMUc  i  of  Man." 

JCMer^.  ML  (1730. 


I>ell»  OruflOft  Sofaool*  oiigiiially 


DELPHUIB. 


t40 


DEMOGOROOH. 


ftppiied  itt  1583  to  a  Mciety  in  Florence, 
ettoblidied  to  poii^  the  national  lan- 
guage and  sift  nom  it  all  ita  impurities ; 
bat  applied  in  England  to  a  brotherhood 
of  poets  (at  the  doee  of  the  last  century) 
maer  the  leadership  of  Mrs.  Piozzi. 
This  school  was  conspicnoos  for  affeo- 
tatioQ  and  high-flown  pan^yrics  on  each 
other.  It  was  stasapea  out  by  Gifford,  in 
The  Bmiad,  in  1794,  and  TfuMceviad,  is 
I79&  Bobert  Meny,  who  signed  himself 
MU  Oasoo,  James  Cobb  a  aree*writer, 
James  BoaweU  (biographer  of  Dr.  John* 
Bon),  O'Kee^s,  Morton,  Reynolds,  Hoi- 
craft,  Sheridan,  Colman  Uie  younger, 
Hn.  H.  Cowley,  and  Mn.  BotniuMin  were 
its  hest  exponents. 

IM'l^iiiDe(2jy/.),thaherofaieaiidtiUe 
•faMfT«lbyMda.d«StaaL  Delphineis 
a  charming  ehataeter.  who  has  a  fsithless 
bm  sad  dies  of  a  broken  heart  This 
nom,  like  GornuM,  was  written  during 
her  hsnishment  from  France  b^  Napo- 
leon L,  when  she  travelled  in  Switzerland 
sad  Ital^.  It  is  genezally  thought  that 
**  Delnhine*'  was  meant  for  the  authoress 
hetMd(1802)« 

Delnhine  Classics  (The),  a  set  of 
Litin  daasics  edited  in  France  for  the  nse 
of  the  grand  danfdiin  (son  of  Louis  XIY.). 
Hnrt  was  «iiief  editor,  sssisted  by  Mon- 
tausicr  and  Bossuet.  They  had  thirtr- 
atac  scholars  working  under  them.  The 
indexes  of  these  daincs  an  Tery  Talo- 
sUe. 

Delta  [A]  of  Blaeboocd  is  D.  M. 
Moir  (179S-1851). 

DelViUe  (2  etfL),  one  of  the  guardians 
•f  Cecilia.  He  is  a  man  of  wealth  and 
gnat  esteiitsHnn,  with  a  haughty  bn- 
srility  and  eondesoendin^  pride,  especially 
in  his  intereoorie  with  his  social  inferiors. 
—Miss  Boney,  CkOm  (178S). 

Demands.  In  fuU  of  ail  demamU^ 
at  iu  k/rdekip  sttys.  His  "  lordship  **  is 
tile  marquis  of  Blandford;  and  the 
slhrnoii  is  to  Mr.  Benson,  the  jeweller, 
who  sen!  in  a  claim  to  the  marquis  for 
mtereat  to  a  bill  which  had  run  more  diaa 
twehrs  months.  His  lordship  sent  a 
sheens  for  the  bill  itself,  and  wrote  on  it, 
"In  fell  of  aU  demands."  Mr.  Benson 
aeeepled  the  bill,  and  sued  for  the 
interest,  hot  waa  non-saited  (1871). 

Deme'tia^  South  Wales ;  the  inhabit- 
Mte  are  called  Demedans. 


;orth« 


v.q<is)L 


Demetrius,  a  young  Athenian,  te 
whom  £g^8  (8  sy/.)  promised  his 
dau^ter  Hermia  in  marriage.  As 
Hermia  loved  Lysander,  she  refused  to 
marry  Demetrius,  and  fled  from  Athens 
with  Lysander.  Demetrius  went  in  quest 
of  her,  and  was  followed  by  Hel'ena,  who 
doted  on  him.  All  four  fell  asleepj  and 
**  dreamed  a  dream  **  about  the  fiuries. 
On  waking,  Demetrius  became  mora 
reasonable.  He  saw  that  Hermia  dis- 
liked him,  but  that  Helena  loved  him 
sincerelv,  so  he  consented  to  forego  the 
one  snd  take  to  wife  the  other.  When 
EgCus,  the  father  of  Hermia,  found  out 
how  the  case  stood,  he  consented  to  the 
union  of  bis  daughter  with  Lysander.—* 
Shakespeare,  Miammmer  Sighfs  Dream 
(1692). 

Ikme^trmMf  hi  The  Poetaster^  by  Beo 
Jonsoa,  is  meant  for  John  Marrton  (died 
1638). 

Denuftrhu  (4  <y^))  son  of  king  Antig'- 
onus,  in  love  witii  (3elia,  alias  Enan'thd. 
— Boiumont  and  Fletcher,  The  HvmoroHe 
Lieutenant  (1647). 

Demetrius,  a  citizen  of  Greece  during 
the  reign  of  Alexius  Ck>mn€nu8. — Sir  ^V. 
Scott,  Ccntnt  Robert  of  Paris  (time, 
Rufus). 

DemiurgUB,  that  mysterious  agent 
which,  according  to  Putto,  made  the 
worid  and  all  that  it  contains.  The 
Logos  or  <' Wonl**  of  St.  John's  Gospel 
(ch.  i.  1)  is  the  demiaigns  e€  platonizing 


Demoo'ritOS  (in  Latin  Democriius)^ 
the  laughing  or  scoffing  philosopher,  the 
friar  Bacon  of  his  age.  To  *'  oine  with 
Demociitos  **  is  to  ^o  without  dinner,  the 
same  as  *'  dining  with  duke  Humphrey,** 
or  **  dining  with  the  cross-legged 
knights.** 

pMpI*  tklnk  tiMt  w»  fmilWrtl  oHm  dhM  wltk  Demoe- 
ritot.  bat  thara  Star  an  lalfhikiin.  Then  b  not  oim  of 
tiMfratoriJtyirtieb  iM(  weleoaM  t*«n 
OliaiM.BiL7(i7Si). 


Demooritns  JunioT,  Robert  B«r- 
ton,  author  of  The  Anatomg  of  Mekmcholy 
(1676-1640). 

Demod'ooos  (in  Latin  Demodoctu), 
bard  of  Alcin'ous  (4  syl.)  king  of  the 
Phsa'cians. 

Such  ai  Um  wim  DwpoJfcm  once  tcM 
In  tolMMi  KMd  at  klnff  AMnow' taMft. 
WhSa  aMl  UImmT  aoal  and  an  the  niA 
An  hdd.  wiib  bis  raelodloiii  faannoajr. 
fai  wMlng  ehaliM  and  twaat  eaptM^. 

Hilton.  raooNMJBairvfaaaiV). 


Dem'ogor'gon,  tyrant  of  the  elns 


DEMOPHOON. 


f4% 


DEHBT. 


and  fays,  whose  very  name  inspired  terror: 

hence   Milton  speaks  of  "toe  dreaded 

name  of  Demogorgon**  {Paradise  Lostj 

ii.  966).    Spenser  says  he  **  dwells  in  the 

deep  abyss  where  the  three  fatal  sisters 

dweU  "  (FaSru  Queen,  iv.  2) ;  but  Ariosto 

says  he  inhabited  a  splendid  palace  on 

the  Himalaya  Mountains.    Dem^orgon 

is  mentioned  by  Statius  in  the  ^tetnid, 

iv.  616. 

He's  th*  flnt-bcfottcQ  of  BeflMbab.  wttk  •  Am*  M 
tarribk  as  DeoMcatSMi.— Di>dMi<  Tht  apamUk  #y»ar, 
▼.  S  (mo). 

Demoph'odn  (4  ayl.)  was  brought 
np  by  Demdter,  who  anointed  him  with 
ambrosia  and  plunged  him  every  night 
into  the  fire.  One  day,  his  motner,  out 
of  curiosity,  watched  d^e  proceeding,  and 
was  horror-struck ;  whereupon  DemSter 
told  her  that  her  foolish  curiosity  had 
robbed  her  son  of  immortal  youth. 

♦#♦  This  story  is  also  told  of  Isis. — 
Plutarch,  De  lata,  et  Osirid,,  xvi.  867. 

*^*  A  similar  story  is  told  of  Achilla 
His  mother  Thet'is  was  taking  similar 

Erecautions  to  render  him  immortal,  when 
is  father  PeOeus  (2  syL)  interfered. — 
ApoUonius  Rhodius,  Argonautic  Exp,y  iv. 
866. 

Demos'thenes  of  the  Pulpit. 
Dr.  Thomas  Rennell,  dean  of  West- 
minster, was  80  called  by  William  Pitt 
(1763-1840). 

Dendin  {Peter)^  an  old  man,  who 
had  settled  more  Spates  than  all  the 
magistrates  of  Poitiers,  though  he  was  no 
iu<%e.  His  plan  was  to  wait  till  -the 
litigants  were  thoroughly  sick  of  their 
contention,  and  longed  to  end  their  dis- 
putes ;  then  would  he  interpose,  and  his 
judgment  could  not  fail  to  be  acceptable, 

Tenot  Dendin,  son  of  the  above,  but, 
unlike  his  father,  he  always  tried  to 
crush  quarrels  in  the  bud ;  consequently, 
he  never  succeeded  in  settling  a  single 
dispute  submitted  to  his  judgment. — 
Kabelais,  Pantagruelj  iiL  41  (16^). 

(Racine  has  introduced  the  same  name 
in  his  comedy  caUed  Les  Pktideurs  (1669), 
and  Lafontame  in  his  Fables,  1668.) 

Dennet  (Father),  an  old  peasant  at 
the  Lists  of  St.  Georse.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Ivanhoe  (time,  Richard  I.). 

DenniB  the  hangman,  one  of  the 
ringleaders  of  the  "No  Popeiy  riots;" 
the  other  two  were  Hugh  servant  of  the 
Mavpole  inn,  and  the  half-witted  Bamaby 
Rudge.  Dennis  was  cheerful  enou^ 
when  ha  *^  turned  off  **  others,  but  when 


he  himself  ascended  the  gibbet  he  showed 
a  most  grovelling  and  craven  spiriu — C. 
Dickens,  Bamaby  Budge  (1841). 

Dennis  (John),  *'  the  best  abused  man 
in  En^ish  literature.**  Swift  lampooned 
him  ;  Pope  assailed  him  in  the  Essay  on 
Criticism ;  and  finally  he  was  "  damned 
to  everlasting  feme  **  in  the  Dundad,  Ue 
U  called  "Zollus**  (1667-1738). 

Dennison  (Jenny),  attendant  on 
Miss  Edith  Bellenden.  She  marries 
Cuddle  Headxigg.— Sir  W.  Soott,  Oid 
Mortality  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Dent  le  Iiait  (Unt:),  a  prejudice. 
After  M.  B^ralde  has  been  running  down 
Dr.  Purgon  as  a  humbug,  Argan  replies, 
**(re8t  que  voos  avez,  mon  ti^n,  une 
dent  de  lait  contre  lui.** — Moli^re,  /•# 
Malade  Imaginaire,  iiL  8  (1678). 

jy^n  de  Beaumont  (Le  ^eva- 
lier),  a  person  notorious  for  the  ambiguity 
of  his  sex  ;  said  to  be  the  son  of  aa 
advocate.  His  face  was  pretty,  without 
beard,  moustache,  or  whiskers.  Loois 
XY.  sent  him  as  a  woman  to  Russia  on  a 
secret  mission,  and  he  presented  himself 
to  the  czarina  as  a  woman  (1766).  In 
the  Seven  Years*  War  he  was  appointed 
captain  of  dragoons.  In  1777  he  assumed 
the  dress  of  a  woman  again,  which  he 
maintained  till  death  (172^1810). 

Derbend  (The  Iron  Gates  of),  called 
the  "Albanic*  Ports,**  or  the  "Casptan*8 
Gate.**  Iron  gates,  which  closed  the  defile 
of  Derbend.  There  is  stUl  debris  of  a 
great  wall,  which  once  ran  from  the 
Black  Sea  to  the  Caspian.  It  is  said  that 
Alexander  founded  Derbend  on  tiie  west 
coast  of  the  Caspian,  and  that  Khosr« 
the  Qreat  fortified  it.  Haroun-«l-Ras> 
chid  often  resided  there.  Its  ancient 
name  was  AlbAna,  and  hence  the  pro- 
vince Schirvan  was  called  AlbMiia. 

*«*  The  gates  called  AUbania  Pulw 
were  not  the  **Ca8pian*s  Gate,'*  but 
** Trajan's  Gate**  or  '*  KopnU  Derbend.** 

Derby  (Earl  of),  third  son  of  the  earl 
of  Lancaster,  and  near  kinsman  of 
Edward  III.  His  name  was  Henry 
Plantagenet,  and  he  died  1362.  Henry 
Plantagenet,  earl  of  Derby,  was  sent  (• 
protect  Gnienne,  and  was  noted  for  his 
numanity  no  less  than  for  his  bravoy. 
He  defeated  the  oomte  de  Tlale  at 
Bergerac,  reduced  Perigord,  took  the 
castle  of  Auberoche,  in  Gascony,  over- 
threw  10,000  French  with  only  1000. 
taking  prisoneiB  nine  earls  and  neariy  all 


DXRBT. 


247 


DESERTER. 


ihe  buons,  knights,  and  sqnires  (1845). 
Kcxt  3rear  he  took  the  fortresses  of 
MoDM^r,  Monsepat,  Yillefranche,  Mire- 
mont,  Tennins,  Damksaen,  Aiguilon,  and 
Reole. 


Bmuft  tblrd  vaHaat  mm,  Om  flvl  of  LkiieMlar. 
Ikak  oa|^  Man  of  DMo. 

-  -    "-      xvULOail 


Derby  {Countess  of),  Charlotte  de  la 
TiemooilLe,  countess  of  Derby  and  queen 
of  Man. 

PkiUp  earl  of  DerbVy  king  of  Man,  son 
of  the  countess.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Fevsril  of 
tit  Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Der'riek,  hangman  in  the  first  half  of 
the  serenteenth  century.  The  crane  for 
hoisting  goods  is  called  a  derrick,  from 
this  haogman. 

Denick  (7bm),  quarter-master  of  the 
pirate's  TesseL— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Pirate 
(time,  William  III.). 

Deiry-IXywxi  Triangle  {The}^ 
lord  Castlereagh ;  afterwards  marouis  of 
I^Nidondeny ;  so  called  by  William 
Hone.  The  first  word  is  a  pun  on  the 
title,  the  second  refers  to  his  lordship's 
oiatory,  a  triangle  bein^  the  most  feeble, 
nonotonoua,  and  unmusical  of  all  musical 
instruments.  Tom  Moore  compares  the 
oiatory  of  lord  Ostlereagh  to  **  water 
spootiog  from  a  pump.** 


a  Wkrfca 


la<MH 


ttOf  ofiw 

Hi  ••BVMd 

^MMH,  and 


of  vood. 


T.lfoonu 


»•   ■ ■ ■  I  I  ■  ■ 

Bervise  ("a  poor  iwrn"),  a  sort  of 
religioofl  firiar  or  mendicant  among  the 
Mflmmnifdans. 

Deeborongfa.  (Colonel),  one  of  the 
parliamentary  commissioners. — Sir  W. 
scott,  Woodstock  (time.  Commonwealth). 

Deademo'nA,  daughter  of  Brabantio 
aVenetiaii  senator,  in  love  with  Othello 
the  Moor  (general  of  the  Venetian  army). 
The  Moor  loves  her  intensely,  and  marries 
her;  b«t  lago,  by  artful  yillainy,  induces 
hin  to  believe  oiat  she  loves  Cassio  too 
welL  After  a  violent  conflict  between 
kve  and  jealoosy,  Othello  smothers  her 
with  a  bolster,  and  then  stabs  himself. — 
Shakespeare,  OtkcUo  (1611). 

n»  nft  ita|«dtr  of  DmiImiimh.  eDofldent  of  BMrit 
•M • '• Wr  artka  pMwvMMiee  !■ 

HHf  bhl  AfltH  B0ir  ^bov^dsb  so  sd^vvCw  ■db%  ^dv  ghb  do  ho* 
,  an  pnwbof  Shakaiveara  •  dull  In  buaaa  naUim. 


Beaert  Fairy  (The).     This  ftuiy 
was  guarded  by  two  lions,  which  could 


be  pacified  only  by  a  cake  made  of 
millet,  sugar  candy,  and  crocodiles'  eggs. 
The  Desert  Fairy  said  to  Allfair,  *'  I  sweai 
by  my  coif  you  shall  marry  the  Yellow 
Dwarf,  or  I  will  bum  my  crutch.** — 
Comtesse  D*Aunoy,  Fairy  Tales  (**Th6 
YeUow  Dwar^"  1682). 

Deserted  Daughter  (The)j  a 
comedy  by  Holcroft.  Joanna  was  the 
daughter  of  Mordent,  but  her  mother 
died,  and  Mordent  married  lady  Anne. 
In  order  to  do  so  he  ignored  his  daughter 
and  had  her  brought  up  by  strangers, 
intending  to  apprentice  her  to  some  trade. 
Item,  a  money-lender,  acting  on  the  ad- 
vice of  Mordent,  lodges  the  girl  with 
Mrs.  Enfield,  a  crimp,  where  I^nnox  is 
introduced  to  her,  and  obtains  Mordent's 
consent  to  run  aVay  with  her.  In  the 
interim  Cheveril  sees  her,  falls  in  love 
with  her,  and  determines  to  marry  her. 
Mordent  repents,  takes  the  girl  home, 
acknowledges  her  to  be  his  daughter,  and 
she  becomes  the  wife  of  the  gallant 
young  Cheveril  (17S4). 

*^*  This  comedy  has  been  recast,  and 
called  The  Steward. 

Deserted  Village  ( The).  The 
poet  has  his  eve  chiefly  on  Lissoy,  its 
landscapes  and  characters.  Here  his 
father  was  pastor.  He  calls  the  village 
Auburn,  but  tells  us  it  was  the  seat  of 
his  youth,  every  spot  of  which  was  dear 
and  familiar  to  him.    He  describes  the 

S«tor,  the  schoolmaster,  the  ale-house ; 
en  tells  us  that  luxury  has  killed  all 
the  simple  pleasures  of  village  life,  but 
asks  the  fnends  of  truth  to  jndge  how 
wide  the  limits  "  between  a  splendid  and 
a  happ^  land.**  Now  the  man  of  wealth 
and  pnde 

Viket  up  a  ipaee  that  manr  poor  aopfilled : 
Spaee  Cv  hb  laka.  bit  tiark/ cxtaiMled  boondt, 
Bpaoa  for  hh  htanm,  aqalpafB.  and  boandi. 

O.  GoManith  0770). 

Some  think  Springfield,  Essex,  is  the 
place  referred  to. 

A  travaHar.  whon«  WuhlnfftOD  Irrfaic  aooapts  a*  an 
anthority.  idenUfied  Unojr**  ala-booM.  wltb  the  dgn  of  tba 
Ihrea  PlfBom  twinninf  ovor  tha  doorvajr.  m  "that 
bouM  wliera  natbrown  oauchti  iiMpired.aad  wharaooea 
the  cignpott  caught  tha  paadng  ivat"— O.  Bedway.  Net** 
mtU  (imiHm,  Oetob«r  U.  IS^L 

Dr.  GoManiltb  coiiipowd  bto  DmtrUd  rfftaf*  wfallit 
taking  at  a  ivm-bouie  nearly  oppodte  the  dmrrb  bera 
{Lm.  aprimafUUX,  Jowpb  Stniti,  the  engraver  and 
antlqaarjr.  wm  bom  beta  In  1748.  and  died  1801— Lewta. 
T^Mgr^ttMeal  DteUomatp  ^  JBmglomd,  Art  "Dpriag- 

Deserter  (The),  a  musical  drama  by 
Dibdin  (1770).  Henry,  a  soldier,  is  en- 
gaged to  Louisa,  but  during  his  absence 
some  rumours  of  gallantly  to  L*is  disod* 


DBSMAa 


848 


DSVIL. 


Tmntaffe  reach  the  village,  and  to  test  his 
lore,  ijouisa  in  pretence  goes  with  Sim- 
kin  as  if  to  be  married.  Ilenry  sees  the 
procession,  is  told  it  is  Lonisa^s  wedding 
day,  and  in  a  fit  of  desperation  gives 
himself  op  as  a  deserter,  and  is  con- 
demned to  death.  Louisa  goes  to  the 
king,  explains  the  whole  affair,  and  re- 
turns with  his  pardon  as  the  muffled 
drams  begin  to  b^U. 

Desxnas.  The  repentant  thief  is  so 
called  in  I%§  Story  of  Joseph  of  Arma^ 
iSea ;  but  Dismas  in  the  apocryphal 
Oo9pel  of  Nioodemus,  Longfellow,  in  The 
Golden  Legendj  calls  him  Dnmachus. 
The  impenitent  thief  is  called  Gestas,  but 
Longfellow  calls  him  Titns. 

.    ImMriboiiiMritkpeiWbatlrlaooriwMniaili: 
ZMImim  •(  tfMMia*.  madte  M(  UvlM  roUMM  » 
AlU  petU  DIfinM.  Infellx  tnima  Gtimi : 
Noi  •(  tm  iMNtru  coimrrw  Santma  foUatML 


Of  dUfisrliic  merits  fhiin  tbre*  treMtpdliM 
BtanM  MM  0«HnM  Mid  th*  Power  IMvtiM  t 
Wmum  rcpenta,  Gmbdm  no  pMdon  envMb 
lb*  Power  Divtae  bj  deetb  the  clnaer  nvee. 

Desmonds  of  Kilmallook 
(Limerick)*  The  legend  is  that  the  lasl 
powerful  head  of  this  family,  who 
perished  in  the  reign  of  qneen  Elizabeth, 
still  keeps  his  state  under  the  waters  of 
lough  Gur,  that  every  seventh  year  he 
le-appears  fully  armed,  rides  round  the 
lake  early  in  the  morning,  and  will 
ultimately  return  in  the  flesh  to  claim  his 
own  again.  (See  BARRAitosaA.) — Sir 
W.  ScoU,  Fortunes  of  Nigel, 

Despair  (Giant)  lived  in  Doubting 
Castle.  He  took  Christian  and  Hopeful 
captives  for  sleeping  on  his  grounds,  and 
locked  them  in  a  dark  dungeon  from 
Wednesday  to  Saturdav,  without  **one 
bit  of  bread,  or  drop  oi  drink,  or  ra^  of 
light."  By  the  advice  of  his  wife,  Diffi- 
dence, the  giant  beat  them  soundly 
"  with  a  crab-tree  cudgel.**  On  Saturday 
night  Christian  remembered  he  had  a  key 
in  bis  bosom,  called  "Promise,**  which 
would  open  any  lock  in  Doubting  Castle. 
So  he  opened  uie  dungeon  door,  and  they 
both  made  their  escape  with  speed.— John 
Bunyan,  FUgrinCs  Progress^  i.  (1678). 

Deucal'idon.  the  sea  which  washes 
the  north  coast  of  Scotland. 

TUl  thro*  the  deepjr  Rwin  to  Thuly  I  have  cooe^ 
▲ml  Men  the  frown  iAm,  the  com  Deucellaon. 

M.  Dtaytan.  PUgoibUm,  L  (lOS). 

Deucalidon'ian  Ooeaxu  the  sea 
which  washes  the  northern  side  of  Ire- 
land.— ^Kichard  of  Cirencester,  Hist»^  i.  8 
(1762). 

Deuce  is  in  Him  ( The)^  a  farce  by 


or 


George  Colman,  senior.  The  person  re- 
ferred to  is  colonel  Tamper,  ui^er  whicb 
name  the  plot  of  the  farce  is  given  (1762). 

Deugala,  says  Ossian,  **  was  covered 
with  the  light  of  beauty,  but  her  heart 
was  the  house  of  pride.** 

Deve'ta,  plu.  Dbvrtas,  inferior 
secondary  deities  in  Hindis  m3rthology. 

Devil  {The),  Olivier  Ledain,  the 
tool  of  Louis  XJ.,  and  once  the  kin^** 
barber,  was  called  Le  DicMe^  because  ne 
was  as  mudi  feared,  was  as  fond  of 
making  mischief,  ukI  was  far  more  d^ 
liked  wan  the  prince  of  evtU  Olivier 
was  executed  in  1484. 

DeJoU  (  The),  The  noted  public-house  so 
called  was  No.  2,  Fleet  Street  In  17^ 
it  was  puicfaased  by  the  bank  firm  iMid 
formed  part  of  **Child*s  Place.**  Tb« 
original  *' Apollo**  (of  the  Apollo  aub, 
held  here  under  the  presidoicy  of  Ben 
Jbnson),  is  still  preserved  in  Child's 
bank. 

When  the  lawyers  in  the  nei^bonihood 

went  to  dinner,  they  hung  a  notice  oil 

their  doors,  **  Gone  to  the  Devil,**  that 

those   who  wanted   them    might   know 

where  to  find  them. 

Dined  Uhdaf  wtoh  Dr.  Owth  taiA  Mi;  Addlaoo  at  the 
DevU  teveru.  nev  Itanple  Bar.  and  Qarth  treated.— 
Svtft.  UutT  to  BMla. 

DevU  {The  /VmcA),  Jean  Bmi.  an  in- 
trepid French  sailor,  bom  at  Dunkirk 
(1660-1702). 

De^a  (The  White).  George  Castriot, 
sumamed  '^  Scanderbeg,**  was  called  by 
the  Turks  '*The  White  DevU  of  Wal- 
hichU**  (1404-1467). 

I>eva  {The  Frinter^s).  Aldus  Manu- 
tins,  a  printer  in  Venice  to  the  holy 
Cliurch  and  the  doge,  employed  a  negro 
boy  to  help  him  in  his  ofiice.  This  little 
black  boy  was  believed  to  be  an  imp  of 
Satan,  and  went  by  the  name  of  th^ 
**  printer's  devil.'*  In  order  to  nroteot 
him  from  persecution,  and  coimite  a 
foolish  superstition,  Haantius  made  A 
public  exhibition  oi  the  boy,  and  an- 
nounced that  '*any  one  who  doubted  him 
to  be  flesh  and  blood  might  oome  fbnrard 
and  pinch  him.** 

J>evil  {Rcbcrt  iJie),  of  Normandy;  so 
caUed  because  his  fraer  was  said  to  hav^ 
been  an  incubus  or  fiend  in  thedisgoise 
of  a  knight  (102S-1085). 

*^*  Robert  Francois  Damiens  is  also 
called  Robert  le  Viable^  for  his  attempt  to 
assassinate  Louis  XV.  (1714^1757). 


DEVIL. 


M*        DETIL'S  DYKB,  BRIGHTON. 


IkwS  (Som  of  the),  EaEzeii'no,  diief  of 
Um  (jibeiins,  governor  of  Vioenza.  He 
VM  M»  oaUed  for  his  infiunoiu  cmelties 

Devil  IMck,  Richard  Porson,  the 
critic  (1759-1€^. 

Devil  on  Two  Stdbka  (Tke)y  that 
it  U  DiabU  Boitem*,  by  Len^  (1707). 
The  plot  of  this  hamotons  satirieal  tale 
is  borrowed  from  the  SpanlflL,  El  Diahoio 
O^wfeu  bj  Goeva'ra  (1635).  Aamode'as 
{I*  diaoie  boUeux)  perches  don  Cle'ofu 
OQ  the  steeple  of  St  Salva'dor,  and 
•tretchlBg  o«t  his  hand  the  roofft  of  all 
the  bosses  opeti^  and  expose  to  him  what 
is  being  done  pnratel  j  in  every  dwelling. 

Dent  on  Two  Stick$  {The),  a  ftree  by 
S.  Foote  ;  a  satire  on  the  medical  pro- 


Devil  to  Pay  (Tie),  a  iarce  by  a 
Ovffey.  Sir  John  Lorerule  has  a  tenna- 
gmt  wife,  and  Zackel  Jobson  a  patient 
{riaseL  Two  spirits  named  Nadir  snd 
Ablshog  traosform  these  two  wives  for  a 
time,  so  that  the  termagant  is  fpven  to 
Jobfon,  and  the  patient  wifte  to  sir  John. 
When  my  lady  tries  her  tricks  on  Jobeon, 
he  takes  ms  strap  to  her  and  soon  reduces 
ber  to  obedience.  After  she  is  well  ro- 
fonied|  the  two  are  restored  to  their 
original  hasbttods,  and  the  shrew  becomes 
sn  obedient,  modest  wif^  (died  1745). 

a  bvooritt^  eliMb  tor  th* 


DeviTs  Am  (The).  A  wealthy  man 
mm  promiaea  to  give  a  poor  genuemaa 
sad  his  wife  a  large  sum  of  money  if  at 
s  given  time  they  conld  tell  him  the  deviPs 
age.  When  tlie  time  came,  the  gentleman, 
•t  his  wife's  suggestion,  plunged  first 
into  a  barrel  of  ^>ney  and  then  into  a 
ksnel  <rf  feathen,  and  walked  on  all 
torn.  Presently,  up  came  his  Satanic 
SMJistj,  and  said,  **  JTom/  jp  years  have  I 
Sved,"*  naming  the  exact  number.  **yet 
sever  saw  I  an  animal  like  this.*^  The 
jielliisaii  had  heard  sooa^  and  was 
sUe  to  answer  the  question  witnout  diffi- 
cahy.--Rev.  W.  Webster,  BatqueLegenda, 
»(1877). 

DevillB  ArrowBy  three  remarkable 
'^dnddical**  stones,  near  Boroughbridge, 
in  Yorkshire.  Probably  these  stones 
amply  mark  the  boundaiy  of  some  pro- 
pettjr  or  jurisdiction. 

DeviTs  Bridge  (2V),  mentioeedl^ 
Leagfellow,  in  the  GoUm  Legend,  \b  iii» 


bridge  over  die  fsUs  of  the  Benss,  in  th« 
eantoa  of  the  Uri,  in  Switserhmd. 

DeviTs  Chalice  (7^).  A  wealthy 
man  gave  a  poor  farmer  a  large  sum  ol 
money  on  this  condition :  at  the  end  of  a 
twelvemonth  he  was  either  to  say  "of 
what  the  devil  made  his  chalice/*  or  else 

five  his  head  to  the  devil.  The  poor 
armer,  as  the  time  came  round,  hid 
himself  in  the  cross-roads,  and  presently 
the  witches  assembled  from  ail  sides. 
Said  one  witch  to  another,  **Tou  know 
that  Farmer  So-and-so  has  sold  his  head 
to  the  devil,  for  he  will  never  know 
of  what  the  devil  makes  his  chalice. 
In  fact,  I  don't  know  myself."  "  Don't 
you?**  said  the  other;  "why,  of  the 
parines  of  finger-nails  trimmed  on  Sun- 
days." The  farmer  was  oveijoyed,  and 
when  the  time  came  round  was  quite 
leady  with  his  answer.— Rev.  W.  Web- 
ster, Baeqm  Legend*,  71  (1877). 

Devil's  Current  (7^).  Part  of  the 
current  of  the  BosphOrus  b  so  called  from 
its  great  rapidit}'. 

Devil's  Den,  a  cromlech  in  Pres- 
chute,  near  Marlborough. 

Devil's  Dyke  {The\  otherwise 
called  Grim's  Dyke,  liiis  dyke  ran  from 
Newmarket  into  Lineolnshire,  and  was 
designed  to  separate  Merciafrom  the  East 
Angles.  Part  of  the  southern  boundary 
of  Mercia  {ftam  Hampshire  to  the  mouth 
of  the  Severn)  was  called  ''Woden's 
Dyke,"  the  present  Wan's  Dyke. 


I  Btr  dopth  and  braadth  w  nwnfiily  doth  cieecd 
MooliloviUMl  vr«tcb«dthaiifbti.tli«f  comtmitijrdecrMd 
IkM  Iqr  Um  davfl'a  Mu  I  mA  nraal  nfaed  ba^ 
Vhanfdn  Um  "  Uavtft  Mtett "  tiMur  IwMlr  luiaM  ma 
Dngrton.  ^MlrolMofi,  oL  (ie»). 

Devil's  Wki^  Brighton  {The), 
One  day,  asSt.  Cuthman  was  walking  over 
the  South  Downs,  and  thinking  to  him- 
self how  completely  he  bad  reaeued  the 
whole  country  from  pag^mism,  he  was 
accosted  bv  his  sable  majesty  in  person. 
*'  Ha,  ha  I  ^'  said  the  prince  of  darkness ; 
**so  you  think  by  these  churdies  snd 
convents  to  put  me  and  mine  to  your 
ban ;  do  vou  ?  Poor  fool !  why,  this  very 
night  will  I  swamp  the  whole  land  with 
the  sea.**  ''  Forewarned  is  forearmed," 
thought  St.  Cuthman,  and  hies  him  to 
sister  Cecilia,  superior  of  a  convent  which 
then  stood  on  the  spot  of  the  present 
Dyke  House.  "  Sister,"  said  the  saint, 
**  I  love  vou  well.  This  night,  for  the 
grace  of  God,  keep  lights  burning  at  the 
aonvent  windows  from  midnight  to  day- 


DEVIL'S  FRTING-PAN. 


DIAMOND  JOUSTS. 


brwik,  and  let  maMes  be  said  by  the  hol^ 
siBtArhood.**  At  Bnndown  came  the  devil 
with  pickaxe  and  spade,  mattock  and 
flhovel,  and  set  to  work  in  right  crood  earnest 
to  dig  a  dyke  which  should  let  we  waters  of 
the  sea  into  the  downs.  '*  Fire  and  brim- 
stone !  ** — he  exclaimed,  as  a  sonnd  of 
voices  rose  and  fell  in  sacred  song — "  Fire 
and  brimstone !  What's  the  matter  with 
me?**  Shoulders,  feet,  wrists,  loins,  all 
seemed  paralyzed.  Down  went  mattock 
and  spade,  pickaxe  and  shovel,  and  just 
at  that  moment  the  lights  at  the  convent 
windows  burst  forth,  and  the  cock,  mis- 
taking the  blaze  for  davbreak,  began  to 
crow  most  lustily.  On  flew  the  devil, 
and  never  again  returned  to  complete  his 
work.  The  small  digging  he  effected 
still  remains  in  witness  of  the  truth  of 
this  legend  of  the  "  Devil's  Dyke." 

Devil's  Prjrinff-Pan  (The),  a 
Cornish  mine  worked  by  the  ancient 
Romans.  According  to  a  very  primitive 
notion,  precious  stones  are  produced  from 
condensed  dew  hardened  by  the  sun. 
This  mine  was  the  frying-pan  where  dew 
was  tiius  converted  and  hardened. 

Devil'8  Parliament  (The),  the 
parliament  assembled  by  Henry  YI.  at 
Covmtry,  in  1469.  So  called  because  it 
passed  attainders  on  the  duke  of  York  and 
nis  chief  supporters. 

Devil's  Throat  (T^).  Cromer  Bay 
is  so  called,  because  it  is  so  dangerous  to 
navigation. 

Devil's  Wall  (The)^  the  wall  sepa- 
rating England  from  Scotland.  So 
called  from  its  great  durability. 

Devonshire,  according  to  historic 
ftiblc,  is  a  corruption  of  *^  Debon's-shaie.** 
lliis  Debon  was  one  of  the  companions  of 
Brute,  the  descendant  of  iEne'as.  He 
cliased  the  giant  Coulin  till  he  came  to  a 
pit  eight  leagues  across.  Tr>'ing  to  leap 
tiiis  chasm,  the  giant  fell  backwards  and 
lost  his  life. 

.  .  .  thftt  ampto  pit,  jet  hr  rtoowiMd 
Tor  dm  great  kftp  wtoldi  Dtbon  did  oompd 
CauUn  to  make,  being  eight  hui  of  ground. 
Into  the  which  ratouming  back  be  feU  .  .  . 
And  Debob't  ahare  was  tliat  b  Derooihlro. 

BpeSMT.  /Mry  QtMen.  IL  10  (UMX 

De'vorgoil  (Lady  Jane)^  a  friend  of 
the  Hazelwood  family.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Ouy  Mcmnering  (time,  George  II.). 

Dewlap  (I>icA)f  an  anecdote  teller, 
iriiotc  success  depended  more  upon  his 


phyai(^nomy  than  his  wit.    His  chin  and 
ids  paunch  were  his  most  telling  points. 

I  found  that  the  merit  of  bb  wH  was  IdiukM  open  th* 
riiakinir  of  a  fiat  nuinch.  and  the  toesing  ap  of  a  pair  ol 
Toty  Jowl8.->Rkhard  Steele. 

Dhu  (Ecan)y  of  Lochicl,  a  Highland 
chief,  in  tne  army  of  Montrose. 

Mhich-Cotmel  Jbhu,  or  M'ndny,aHi^. 
land  chief,  in  the  army  of  Montrose.— ^ir 
W.  Scott,  Legend  of  Montrose  (time, 
Charles  I.). 

Dhul'dul,  the  famous  horse  of  Ali, 
son-in-law  of  Mahomet. 

Dhul  Kamein  ("M*  <ioo-Aor««f-). 
a  true  believer  according  to  the  Moham- 
medan notion,  who  built  the  wall  to 
prevent  the  incursions  of  G<^  and  Ma- 
gog.— Al  Kordn^  xvlii. 

Commentaton  my  the  wall  was  boOt  In  this  mannor  : 
The  workmen  dog  till  thejr  found  water ;  and  barinc  Inid 
the  foundatlen  or  etooe  and  melted  bna,  thC7  boat  lh« 
mpenttmctiire  of  bug*  pieces  of  Iron,  between  which  tWjr 
packed  woud  and  coaL  tlli  the  whole  ei|iiaUed  the  heiglit 
of  the  mountains  {«/  A  rwiewtoL  Then  setting  Sra  to  Um 
coubostlbles,  aMi  1^  the  use  of  bellowa,  Uiey  made  the  hoc 
red  hutk  and  poored  moltea  boMS  overlo  lU  np  th» 
IntersUoea— iJ  BaidiwL 

Dhulnun,  the  surname  of  Jonah  ; 
so  called  because  he  was  twallowed  by  a 

fish- 


'  Dhalnon.  whan  he  departed  h 
thought  that  we  could  not  ecercbe  our  power 
AlKordn,s*L 

DiafoiruB  (Thomas)^  son  of  Dr.  Di*- 

foirus.    He  is  a  young  medical  milksop, 

to  whom  Argan  has  promised  his  daughter 

Angelique  in  marriage.  Diafoirus  pays  his 

compliments  in  cut-and-dried  speechea, 

and  on  one  occasion,  being  intermpted 

in  his  remarks,  says,  **l£idame,  voua 

m'avez  interrompu  dans  le  milieu  de  ma 

p^riode,et  cela  m'a  trouble  la  mcmoire.'* 

II  is  father  says,  **  Thomas,  r^rvez  ceUt 

pour  une  autre  fois.**    Angelioue  loves 

Cieante  (2  »yi.),  and  Thomas  Diafoirus 

goes  to  the  wall. 

II  n'a  Jamais  au  rhnaginatloa  Man  vfve,  nl  co  fis« 
d'enprlt  ou'on  remarque  dans  qu«lqac«  ons, . . .  Lwwio'il 
4tait  petit,  il  n'a  jamais  M  ce  iiu'en  appelle  miHre  at 
ireUle;  on  le  Tojralt  toiOours  duux.  pabibla.  et  tncitumci. 


na  dlsaiii  Jamais  mot.  et  ne  Jouant  iauals  k  lous 
petlts  Jeox  qoe   Ton   nooune  enhntint  — MoUAre^    L* 
MaiatU  /wMi#fiH*if«.  IL  S  UdTS). 

Di'amond,  one  of  three  brothers, 
sons  of  the  fury  Ag&p§.  Though  very 
strong,  he  was  slain  in  single  fight  by 
Cam'balo.  His  brothers  were  IWamond 
and  Tri'amond. — Spenser,  FaSry  Qucenf 
iv.  (1596). 

Diamond  Jousts,  nine  jousts  insti- 
tuted by  Arthur,  and  so  called  because  a 
diamond  was  the  prize.  These  nine 
diamonds  were  all  won  by  sir  Launcelot, 
who  presented  them  to  the  queen,  but 


DIAMOND  SWORD. 


»1 


DIBUTADE8. 


(kinevere,  in  *  tiff,  flung  fchem  into  the 
rirer  which  ran  by  th«  p^ac«.— Ten- 
Bywn,  liyUs  of  the  King  (''^EUine  »*). 

Diamond  Sword,  a  magic  fword 
Riven  by  the  god  Syren  to  the  king  of 
tiie  Gohl  Mines. 

A*  fan  Ub  a  swacd  aaad*  oToiM  Mtin  dfamood.  that 
9^ — P*t  1— P»  m  tfca  ■ML-^'naili—  IXAunay.  .ybfey 
ftto  rib*  Tallow  Dvaff.- MB). 

Diamonds.  The  laigest  in  the  world: 


MM    • 

—  3S4 

—  1»4 

—  13H 

—  1384 
41«  13Si 

—  86 

—  834 


Star  of  the  South 

Orioff 

Fkwentine 

Pitt 

Koh-l-noor 
Shah 
Pi0Dtt 


Dudley 
PMha  of  Egypt 


King  of  Portufcal 
R^ah  of  M«tUa 
(Borneo) 

Otau' of  Rmela 
Emp.  of  Austrfm 
King  of  PortQf^ 
Kiirg  ol  Pnuaim 
Queen  of  Eng^Und 
Ckarof  RitflaU 
Utmru    Rundell 

and  Bridge 
LordWesunioster 

Oiarof  Rowla 
Earl  of  Dudley 
Khedive  uf^arpt 

%*  For  particulars,  eee  each  nnder  its 
none. 

Diana,  the  heroine  and  title,  a  pastoral 
of  Montenutyor,  imitated  from  the  Dapk- 
ai»  and  Chioe  of  Longos  (fourth  century). 

Diem^a,  daughter  of  the  widow  of  Flo- 
nnee  widi  whom  Hel'ena  lodged  on  her 
way  to  the  shrine  of  St.  Jacques  le  Grand* 
GooBt  Bertram  wantonly  loved  Diana, 
bat  the  modest  pti  made  this  attachment 
the  means  of  bnnging  about  a  reconcilia- 
tion between  Bertram  and  his  wife  Helena. 
— ShakespcAie,  Aits  WeU  that  Ends  Well 
(15M). 

Dian'a  de  Iiaaoonrs,  daughter  of 
Ralnb  and  Louise  de  Lasconrs,  and  sister 
of  Martha,  a/uzs  Ogarila.  Diana  was 
betroliied  to  Horace  de  Brienne.  whom 
die  resigns  to  Martha.— E.  Stirling,  Tha 
OrfkoHof  the  Fnten  Sea  {l9bS), 

Dian'a  the  Inexorable.  (1)  She 
dew  Orion  with  one  of  her  arrows,  for 
daring  to  make  love  to  her.  (2)  She 
changed  Act«on  into  a  stag  and  set  her 
own  dogs  on  him  to  worry  him  to  death, 
because  he  chanced  to  look  upon  her 
while  bathing.  (3)  She  shot  with  her 
arrows  the  six  sons  and  six  daughters  of 
Niob^  because  the  fond  mother  said  she 
was  luippier  than  LiatOna,  who  had  only 
tvochilaren. 


Diana  the  Second  of  SalmaiL- 
tin,  a  pastoral  romance  by  Gil  Polo. 


*' Wa  vUl  praMTve  Uiat  book.- Mid  (be  car«.  "M 
ftOlr  ■■  If  ApoUo  biawdf  had  baao  iti  author."- 
Jitm  quiaatt,  L  L  « (IMS). 

Diana  {the  Temple  of),  at  Ephesus, 
one  of  the  Seven  Wonders  of  antiquity, 
was  set  on  fire  by  Herostratos  to  immor- 
talise his  nune. 

Diana  of  the  Stage,  Mrs.  Anne 
Bracegirdle  (166a-174«). 

Dian'a's  Foresters,  "minions  of 
the  moon,*' "  Diana's  knights,**  etc,  high- 
waymen. 


IIaiTr>  than.  wpmC  was,  whan  thoa  art  ktnc.  lat  aot 
aa  that  art  **K}aif«8  of  tba  algfat'a  bodr'  ba  caQad 
cMmm  .  .  .  let  qb  ba  "  Dtaua'a  forasten,"  "Oentlainaa 
of  tbo  dMMh^"  "ntnions  of  Qia  iMTmi  "  BhalrnqniantL 
1  Bemrjf  /K.  aat  L  ac  S  (U07). 

Diana's  Ijivery  (To  iomt),  to  be  a 
virgin. 

One  twalva-aMKNia  nora  dMH  waar  Diaaali  Bvay; 
Thli .  .  .  hath  tba  ?owad. 
Bhalrwiiaaia.  />«Helct  t^rtrntM  ^f  Twr*,  act  U.  r.  8  ^mt^ 

Diano'ra.  wife  of  Gilberto  of  Friuli, 
but  amorously  loved  b^  Ansaldo.  In 
order  to  rid  herself  of  his  importunities, 
she  vowed  never  to  }ricld  to  his  shit  till 
he  could  '*  make  her  garden  at  midvrinter 
as  gay  with  flowers  as  it  was  in  amnmer  '* 
(meaning  never),  Ansaldo,  by  the  aid  of 
a  magician,  accomplished  the  appointed 
task ;  but  when  the  lady  told  him  her 
husband  insisted  on  her  keeping  her 
promise^  Ansaldo,  not  to  be  outdone  in 
generosity,  declined  to  take  advantage 
of  his  claim,  and  from  that  dav  forth 
was  the  firm  and  honourable  fnend  of 
Gilberto. — Boccaccio,  Decamerony  x.  6. 

The  FranJdin:s  Tale  of  Chaucer  is  sub- 
stantially the  same  stoiy.    (See  Doui- 

OBN.) 

Diarmaid,  noted  for  his  "beauty 
spot,"  which  he  covered  up  with  his  cap ; 
for  if  any  woman  chanced  to  see  it,  sne 
would  instantly  fall  in  love  with  him. — 
CampbeU,  TaUs  of  the  West  Highkmds 
("  Diarmaid  and  urainne  "). 

Dlav'olo  (jFVa),  Michele  Pezza,  in- 
surgent of  Calabria  (1760-1806).— Auber, 
Fra  Diavolo  (libretto  by  Scribe,  1836). 

Dibble  (i^otntf),  gardener  at  Monk- 
bams. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Antiquary  (time, 
Geoige  III.). 

Dibu'tades  (4  syL)^  a  potter  of 
Sicyon,  whose  daughter  traced  on  the 
wall  her  lover's  sh^ow,  cast  there  by 
the  light  of  a  lamp.  This,  it  is  said,  is 
the  origin  of  portrait  painting.  The 
father  applied  tne  same  process  to  his 


DICiEA. 


262 


DIEGO. 


potberjT)  and  this,  it  is  said,  is  the  origin 
of  soulpturo  in  relief. 


WBl  the  arti  mtt  %a.f  « lovellw  erigiii  thM  thst  fair 
danitbtar  of  Mbutadv  tmclng  Um  balorad  ibtdam  oa  tiM 
wdlf-OuliU.  Ariadni.  L  «. 

DiCfld'a,  daughter  of  Jove,  the  "ac- 
cusing angel  **  of  classic  mythology. 

Forth  ■tepped  the  Jmt  Mcna.  tan  of  mfte. 
PhlnflM  riMtdioe,  Tkt  Purple  lakmd,  rUltU). 

Dlooon  the  Bedl&mite,  a  half- 
mad  mendicant,  both  knave  and  thief. 
A  specimen  of  Uie  metre  will  be  seen  by 
part  of  Diccon's  speech : 

kUnjr  a  mjrl*  hare  I  vnlked.  diran  and  nmdry  walat. 
Aud  nuuijr  a  good  maa's  bouse  hare  1  bin  at  la  tnf  dab : 
Many  a  foaJp^  cup  hi  mar  tgrme  have  I  taated. 
And  «■■;  a  brodia  and  ^jrt  have  1  both  CuhmA  aad 


When  I  WW  U  booiad  nit,  oat  at  doona  I  hyed  mea. 
And  caiuht  a  d/p  of  b»con  whan  1  mm  none  ■pyad  v 
Wbkh  llnleiid  not  far  hence,  unlan  mjr  purpose  byle. 
SmOI  aonr*  for  a  ahoing  borne  to  draw  oa  two  potH  uf  ale. 

JHcoon  th0  BmUamtU  ilSSti). 

Dioilla,  one  of  Logistilla^s  hand- 
maids, noted  for  her  chastity. — ^Ariosto, 
Orlando  Furioso  (1516). 

Dick,  ostler  at  the  Seven  Stars  inn, 
York.r-Sir  W.  Scott,  Heart  of  Midt(/thian 
(time,  George  II.). 

Dick,  called  "The  Devil's  Dick  of 
Hellgarth ;  **  a  fitlconer  and  follower  of 
the  eari  of  Douglas.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Fair 
Maid  of  Perth  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

Ihch  (ifr.),  an  amiable,  half-witted 
man,  devoted  to  David's  "  aunt,"  Miss 
Betsey  Trotwood,  who  thinks  him  a  pro- 
digious genius.  Mr.  Dick  is  especially 
mad  on  the  su^ect  of  Charles  I. — (5. 
Dickens,  David  Uopperfield  (1849). 

Dick  Amlet,  the  son  of  Mrs.  Amiet, 
a  rich,  vulgar  tradeswoman.  Dick  as- 
sumes the  airs  of  a  fine  gentleman,  and 
calls  himself  colonel  Shapely,  in  which 
character  he  gets  introduced  to  Coriuna, 
the  daughter  of  Gripe,  a  ridi  scrivener. 
Just  as  he  is  about  to  elope,  his  mother 
makos  her  appearance,  and  the  deceit  is 
laid  bare ;  but  Mrs.  Amlet  oromises  to 
l^ive  her  son  £10,000,  and  so  tue  wedding 
IS  adjusted.  Dick  is  a  regular  scamp, 
and  wholly  witI}out  principle ;  but  being 
a  dashing  young  blade,  with  a  handsome 
person,  he  is  admired  by  the  ladies. — Sir 
John  Vanbrugh,  The  Confederacy  (1(59/)). 

John  Pahner  ww  the  "  Dick  AmleU"  and  John  Ban- 
nlster  the  roguUh  Krvant,  "  Bnue.**— James  Sniiih  (l.'M)). 

Dick  Shakebag,  a  highwayman  fai 
the  ^ang  of  captam  Coiepep|H;r  (the 
Alsatian  bully).--Sir  W.  Scott,  Fortunes 
pf  Niijel  (time,  James  I.). 


Di(dc8on  (Thomas)^  farmer  at  Doag!- 
lasdalo. 

Charts  Diokaony  son  of  the  abore, 
killed  in  the  diurch.— Sir  W.  Soott, 
Castle  Dangerous  (time,  Henry  I.). 

Diota'tXDr  of  Ijetters^  Francois 
Marie  Arouet  de  Voltaire,  called  the 
"  Great  Pan  "  (1694-1778). 

Dictioxiary  {A  Living).  Wilhelm 
Leibnitz  (1646-171C)  was  so  called  by 
Geoige  I. 

•^*  Longfnus  was  called  •*  The  Living 
Cyclopaedia"  (213-278). 

*0*  Daniel  Huet,  chief  editor  of  the 
Deiphine  Classics^  was  called  a  Porcus 
Literanun  tor  his  unlimited  knowledge 
(1680-1721). 

Diddler  (Jervmyy,  an  artful  swindler; 
a  clever,  seedy  vagabond,  who  borrows 
money  or  obtains  credit  by  his  songs, 
witticisms,  or  other  expedients. — ^Kenney, 
Haising  the  Wind. 

Dideriok,  the  German  form  of  Theo- 
dorick,  king  of  the  Goths.  As  Arthur 
is  the  centre  of  British  romance  and 
Cbarlemagne  of  French  romance,  so 
Diderick  is  the  central  figure  of  the 
German  minnesingers. 

Didier  (Henri),  tiie  lover  of  Julie 
Lesurques  (2  syl.)  ;  a  gentleman  in  fee- 
ing and  conduct,  who  remains  loyal  to 
his  fiancee  through  all  her  troubles. — Ed. 
StirUng,  The  Courier  of  Lyons  (1852). 

I>ie.  '*Ah,  sorely  nothing  dies  but 
something  mourns  I " — Byron,  Don  Juan, 
iii.  108  (1820). 

Die  Young  ( Whom  the  Oods  hoe), — 
Byron,  Don  Juan,  iv.  12  (1824). 

bv  oi  Btot  ^Xoiro-cv  UToBvriffK€t  vcot. 


And  vhttl  enaUHh  but  what  dieth  ramgr 

Drummond  (U(»-1SI8). 

"Die'fSOf  the  sexton  to  Lopex  tbe 
**  Spanish  curate.** — Beaumont  and  Flet- 
cher, The  Spanish  Curate  (1622). 

Diefgo  {Don),  a  man  of  60,  who  saw  a 
country  maiden  named  Leonora,  whom 
he  liked.  Mid  intended  to  mariy  if  her 
temper  was  as  amiable  as  her  lace  was 
pretty-.  He  obtained  leave  of  her  parents 
to  bring  her  home  and  place  her  under  a 
duenna  for  three  months,  and  th«i  either 
return  her  to  them  spotless,  or  to  make 
her  his  wife.  At  the  expiration  of  tb« 
time,  he  went  to  settle  the  marriage 
contract ;  and,  to  make  all  thincs  sura^ 
locked  up  the  house,  giving  the  keys  to 
Ursula,  but  to  the  outer  door  he  attached 


DIXT  OF  PERFORMERS. 


S68 


DIMANCHE. 


»  hmgt  padlock,  and  jmt  the  kef  in  hte 
pocket.  Leaader,  being  m  love  with 
LeoMca,  laqdbed  at  k>cksmitbB  and 
darnna^  and  l>iego  (2  9jfi.)  found  them 
aboat  to  elope.  Being  a  wise  man,  he 
not  only  cooaentcd  to  their  union,  bat 
ore  Leonora  a  handaome  loarriage  por- 
&»n.->L  Bkkentaff,  The  PatUooL 

0i0t  tut  F^Brfi>nii0rt* 
Bkaram  Bang  on  bottled  porter^ 
Catixt  {Mi9»)  took   towjwl  <m  flMf 


OooKS  (O.  #*.)  dsHDk  everything. 

HEXi>Biiao2f ,  gum  arabie  cad  sherry 

IscLEDON  sang  on  ntadeircu 

JoKbAN  (Mrs,)  drank  calve^-/i)ot  jelly 
ami  sherry, 

Kkax  (C.)  took  beef-tern  for  breakfast, 
and  preferred  a  rumMteak  for  dinner. 

Kba:c  {Edm.\  Emkky,  and  Rsevb 
dnnk  0(Jd  branay-and-ioater, 

KoiBLK  (John)  took  opcii/n. 

Lewis,  wmdtfd  wme  and  ayeterg, 

Macbbadt  osed  to  cat  the  lecm  cf 
wnttam-chopt  whm  he  acted,  and  sabae- 
facntly  lired  almost  ivhoUj  on  n  vege- 
table diet. 

OxMEHRT  dmak  tea, 

RuasKU.  (Jiettry)  took  mboiledeg§^ 

SMtTB  (  It.)  drank  oofee. 

Wood  (Jtfrs.)  sang  on  drmtght  porien 

WsmcH  and  Hakuet  took  no  i«6eak- 
■Mat  ^"'"^g^  a  peifomaoee.  ^—  W.  GL 
iaasdl,  JitprwmUatiee  Actortf  272. 

Dietrich  (t  fy/.).  So  Theod'oric  the 
€rrat  is  called  by  tibe  German  minne- 
■ingoB.  In  tike  terrible  broil  stirred  up 
1^  onem  Kriemhild  in  the  banquet  b&U 
of  Etzelj  Dietridi  interfered,  and  suc- 
ceeded in  captoring  Hagan  and  the 
Barnmdian  king  Gunther.  Tliese  he 
banded  over  to  tlSt  queen,  praving  her  to 
set  them  free ;  but  she  cut  off  both  their 
beads  with  her  own  hands. — The  Niebe^ 
Imkfru  Lied  (thirteenth  century). 

Dietrich  (John),  a  laboorer^i  son  of 
Pomeiaaia.  He  spent  twelve  years 
andcr  groond,  where  he  met  Elizabeth 
Kfri>l»n,  daughter  of  the  minister  of  his 
own  viljbge,  Rambin.  One  day,  walking 
ta^ether,  they  heard  a  cock  crow,  and 
an  irresistible  desire  came  over  both  oi 
tiiem  to  visit  the  upper  earth.  John  so 
frij^htcned  the  elves  by  a  toad,  that  they 
yielded  to  his  wish,  and  gave  him  hoards 
of  wealth,  with  part  of  which  he  bou^t 
balf  the  island  of  Rttgen.  He  mamed 
Elizabeth,  and  became  the  founder  of  a 
iwy  powerfuLfamilv. — Keightley,  Faury 
Mffikology.    (See  TAjrHiussB.) 


Dieu  et  Mon  Droit,  the  parato 
of  Richard  I.  at  the  batUe  ef  Giton 
(1198). 

Digg^rjr,  one  of  the  house-servanti 
at  Strawberry  Hall.  Being  stage-struck, 
he  inoculates  his  fellow-servants  (Cymon 
and  Wat)  with  the  same  taste.  In  the 
same  house  is  an  heiress  named  Batty 
Sprightly  (a  ward  of  sir  Gilbert  Pump- 
kin), also  stage-struck.  Diggery*s  fa- 
Toorite  character  was  "Alexander  the 
Gre^"  the  eon  of  "  Almon.**  One  day, 
playing  Momeo  and  Juliet,  be  turned  the 
oven  into  the  balcony,  but,  being  rung 
for,  the  ^rl  acting  **  Juliet  was  nearly 
roasted  uive.  (See  Dioooalr.) — J.  Jack- 
man,  All  the  World  $  a  Stage, 

Difges  {Mies  Maria)^  a  friend  of 
lady  renfeather :  a  visitor  at  the  Spa. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  St.  Monan's  Well  (time, 
George  III.). 

Dlggon  [Davie],  a  shepherd  in  the 
ShepMonk^s  Calendar^  by  Spenser.  He 
tells  Hobbinol  that  he  arove  his  sheep 
into  foreign  lands,  hoping  to  find  better 
pasture ;  but  he  was  amazed  at  the 
luxury  and  profligacy  of  the  shepherds 
whom  he  saw  there,  and  the  wretched 
condition  of  the  flocks.  He  refers  to 
the  Roman  Oathoiic  clergy,  and  their 
abandoned  mode  of  life.  Diggon  also 
tells  Hobbinol  a  long  story  about  Roflin 
Uhe  bishop  of  Rochester)  and  his  watch- 
ful dog  Lauder  catching  a  wolf  in  sheep*H 
clothing  in  the  fold. — Ed,  ix.  (Septem- 
ber, 1672  or  1578). 

Diggory,  a  bam  labourer,  employed 
on  state  ooowions  for  butler  and  footman 
by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  HardcasUe.  He  is 
both  awkward  and  fkmiliar,  laughs  at 
his  master's  jokes  and  talks  to  his 
master's  gueMs  white  servhsg.  (See 
DiooRRY.)— Goldsmith,  She  Stoope  id 
Oonqaer  (1778). 

Diqgory  {Father)^  one  of  the  monks  of 
St.  Botolph's  Priory.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Aanhoe  (time^  Ridmid  I.). 

Dill  or  Ane'thum.  The  seeds  are 
warm,  strong-smelling,  and  aromatic. 

Hm  woiMkr-worUnf  dill  be  gaiB  .  .  . 
Wbkhevkiai  vonen  dm  In  tatnj  •  oka  dlMnw. 
DniTtai.  f^tpolbion,  xOL  (1611). 

Dimanohe  (ifons.),  a  dun.  Mons. 
Dimanche,  a  tradesman,  applies  to  don 
Juan  for  money.  Don  Juan  treats  him 
with  all  imaginaUe  courtesy,  but  every 
time  he  attempts  to  revert  to  business 
interrupts  him  with  some  such  question 
as,  ComtnerU  ee  parte  madame  Dimanchei 


DIN. 


S54 


DiNEE^UTy  Era 


or  Mt  voire  petiUjUU  CUxudine.  comment 
m  porio-t-elte  1  or  Le  petit  Colin^  fait-U 
ioujours  bien  du  bruit  avec  son  tambour  f 
or  £t  votre  petit  cMen  Brusquet^  gronde' 
t~il  touiours  aussi  fort  .  .  .  ?  and,  after  a 
time,  he  says  he  is  very  sorry,  but  he 
must  say  ^ood-bye  for  the  present,  and 
he  leaves  Mons.  without  his  once  stating 
the  object  of  his  call.  (See  Shufflb- 
TOif.)—Moli^re,  Don  Juan  (1665). 

Din  {The)t  the  practical  part  of  Islam, 
e(mtaini]ig  the  ritual  and  moral  laws. 

Dinah  [Friendlr],  daughter  of  sir 
Thomas  Friendly.  She  loves  Edward 
Bluahington,  '*uie  bashful  man,"  and 
becomes  en«iged  to  him. — ^W.  T.  Hon- 
orieff.  The  Bashful  Man, 

Dinah,  daughter  of  Sandie  Lawson, 
landlord  of  the  Swi  hoteL— Sir  W. 
Scott,  St,  Bonanza  Well  (time,  (George 
III.). 

Dfnah  {AUnt)  leaves  Mr.  Walter 
Shandy  £1000.  This  sum  of  money,  in 
Widter*s  eye,  will  suffice  to  carry  out  all 
the  wild  schemes  and  extravagant  fancies 
that  enter  into  his  head. — Sterne,  Tris- 
tram Shandy  (1769). 

Dinant',  a  gentleman  who  once  loved 
and  still  pretends  to  love  Lam  Ira,  the 
wife  of  Champemel. — Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  The  Little  French  Lawyer 
(1647). 

Dinarsa'de  (4  sy{.),  sister  of  Sche- 
herazadd  sultana  of  rersia.  Dinarzadd 
was  instructed  by  her  sister  to  wake  her 
every  morning  an  hour  before  daybreak, 
and  say,  **  Sister,  relate  to  me  one  of 
those  delightful  stories  you  know,**  or 
**  Finish  l^ore  daybreak  the  story  yon 
b^an  yesterday."  The  sultan  got  in- 
terested in  these  tales,  and  revoked  the 
cruel  determination  he  had  made  of 
strangling  at  daybreak  the  wife  he  had 
married  the  preceding  night.    (See  Sche- 

HERAZADB.) 

Dinas  Smrys  or  "  Fort  of  Am- 
brose" (t.tf.  Merlin),  on  the  Brith,  a 
part  of  Snowdon.  When  Yortigem  built 
uiis  fort,  whatever  was  constructed 
during  the  day  was  swallowed  up  in  the 
earth  during  the  ni^t.  Merlin  (then 
called  Ambrose  or  Embres-Guletic)  dis- 
covered the  cause  to  be  ^^two  serpents 
at  the  bottom  of  a  pool  below  thfe  foun- 
dation of  the  works."  These  serpents 
were  incessantly  struggling  with  eadi 
other  ;  one  was  white,  and  we  other  red. 
tha  white  serpent  at  first  prevailed,  but 


ultimately  the  red  one  dbased  tiie  otiier 
out  of  the  pooL  The  red  serpent,  he 
said,  meant  the  Britons,  and  toe  white 
one  the  Saxons.  At  fijrst  the  Saxona 
(or  white  serpent)  prevailed,  but  in  the 
end  **our  people*  {the  red  serpent)  **shaU 
chase  the  Saxon  race  beyond  the  sea.** — 
Nennius,  History  of  the  Britons  (843). 

Aad  from  Um  topof  Brith.  m h%li mi 


flood.  dMnrod  wtiera  Um 

CDOlht 

Tbo  «Mto  IIm»  ftom  Um  Md.  for 


Dine  with  Demooritos  (To),  to 
be  choused  oat  of  your  dinner. 

A  '*  Barmecide  feast "  is  no  feast  at 
all.  The  allusion  is  to  Barmecide,  who 
invited  Schacftbac  to  dine  with  him,  and 
set  before  him  only  empty  plates  and 
dishes,  pretending  that  the  *'  viands  ** 
were  most  excellent.    (See  Basmbcidb.) 

Dine  with  duke  Humphrey 
(To),  to  have  no  dinner  to  go  to.  The 
duke  referred  to  was  the  son  of  Henry 
lY.j  murdered  at  St.  Edmundsbury,  and 
buned  at  St.  Alban*s.  It  was  gencrallj 
thought  that  he  was  buried  in  the  nave 
of  St.  Paul's  CMhedral ;  but  the  monu- 
ment supposed  to  be  erected  to  the  duke 
was  in  reality  that  of  John  Beaocbamp. 
Loungers,  who  were  asked  if  they  wera 
not  j^in^  home  to  dinner,  and  those  who 
tamed  m  St.  Paul's  after  the  general 
crowd  had  left,  were  supposed  to  be  ao 
busy  looking  for  the  duke's  monument 
that  they  disregarded  the  dinner  hour. 

Dine  with  Mahomet  (7b),  to  die. 
Similar  to  the  classic  phrase,  '*To  sup 
with  Pluto." 

Dine  (or  Sup)  with  sir  Thomas 
Greshain,  to  have  no  dinner  or  supper 
to  go  to.  At  one  time  the  Royal  Exchange 
was  the  common  lounging-place  of  idlers 
and  vagabonds. 

Tho*  UtOe  eolfi  tbr  pomloa  podnta  Vne. 

Tet  with  tooot  oomnnjr  tlKNi*rt  takon  «p  ; 
For  often  wlUi  duk*  Humphrar  ttioo  dost  ilmm, 

Aad  ot**in  nittk  dr  TbotnM  Gmliam  mp. 

IU|«aui,  Kftgrmm  •«  «  Umftr  (ISHIl 

Dine  with  the  Cross-Ijegged 
Elni^hts  (7b),  to  have  no  dinner  to  go 
to.  Lawyers  at  one  time  made  appoint- 
ments with  their  clients  at  the  Round 
Church,  and  here  a  host  of  dinnerless 
vagabonds  loitered  about  all  day,  in  the 
hope  of  picking  up  a  few  pence  for  little 
services. 

Diner-Out  of  the  First  Water 


DINEVAWR 


S56 


DI0NYSIU8. 


«he  Ser.  Sidney  Smith  ;  lo  csUed  bv  tbe 
QmKfWy  JS^mno  (1768-1846). 

Din'efva^rr  (3  syl.)  or  Dinas  Vawb 
("i^mrf  palcux^\  the  residence  of  the 
kin^  of  South  Wales,  built  by  Rhodri 
lUwr. 

I  «w  ft*  0Hii  of  Bky^  at  INMvawr. 


to  Ms 


LSOflOS). 


Dinide  (OM  Dick  of  the),  friend  of 
Bobbie  Elliott  of  the  Heogh-f oot  farm. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Black  Dwarf  (time, 
Anne). 

Dinfirwall  {Dame\  the  attorney  at 
Woifi  Hod©  village.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Bnds  of  Lammermoor  (time,  William 
111.). 

Dinias  snd  l>ero7lli8  {The  Wan- 
derans,  Adventwee^  <md  Loies  of),  an 
•Id  Greek  nov^  the  basiB  of  the  romance 
of  Ant(»iu8  Dio^enee  in  twenty-four 
books  and  enaUed  Incredible  Thrnqg 
hcjfmd  Thde  [TaUuper  Thoulen  Apieta\, 
a  store-house  from  which  subsequent 
vritcxs  have  borrowed  lar;^ely.  Tlie 
work  is  not  extant,  but  Photius  gives  an 
of  its  contents. 


Dinmont  (Dandy,  i,e,  Andrew),  an 
ccoentric  and  humorous  store  fanner  at 
Oiarlie's  Hope.  He  is  caUed  *' The  Fight- 
*Dg  Dinmont  of  Liddesdale." 

AHie  Daunont,  wife  of  Dandy  Dinmont. 
—Sir  W.  Scott,  Gujf  Jiamtermg  (time, 
(ieofxe  11.). 

*•  This  novel  has  been  dramati?^  by 
Daniel  Terry. 

Dinner  BelL  Burke  was  so  called 
from  his  custom  of  speaking  so  long  as 
to  inlerfiere  with  the  oinner  of  the  mem- 
Dta  (17«^-1797). 

IMnnerless  (7%e)  are  said  to  sit  at 
s  **  Barmecide  feast  ;**  to  **dine  with 
duke  Hwn|4iTey ;  **  *'  to  dine  with  sir 
Thomas  Gresham  ;  **  to  **  dine  with  De- 
mocritoa.**  Their  Motts  are  said  to  be  the 
€ron-legyed  knights, 

Diode'tian*  the  king  and  father  of 
KrMtus,  who  was  placed  under  the  chaise 
of  the  "seven  wise  masters**  {Italian 
version). 

Id  the  French  version,  the  father  is 
called  "Dolop'athos.** 

Biog'enes  (4  sy/.),  the  negro  slave 
of  Uie  cjmic  philosoimer  Michael  Age- 
last^  (4  «y/.).— Sir  W.  Scott,  Count 
RUteri  of  Paris  (time,  Rufus). 

IM'oniede  (S  syl.)  fed  his  horses  on 


human  flesh,  and  he  was  himself  eaten  bj 
his  horse,  being  thrown  to  it  by  Uei^i 
culcs. 

Dion  {Lord),  father  of  Euphra'sia. 
Euphrasia  is  in  love  with  Philaster,  heir 
to  the  crown  of  Mcssi'na.  Disguised 
as  a  page,  Euphrasia  assumes  the  name 
of  Bellario  and  enters  the  service  of 
Philaster. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  Phi' 
laster  or  Lcve  Lies  a-bleedmg  (1638). 

(There  is  considerable  resembhuace 
between  ** Eu|dirasia *'  and  ** Viola*'  in 
Shakespeare's  Tvoelfth  Night,  1614.) 

Dionfld'an  Csasar,  Julius  Qkmt, 
who  claimed  descent  from  Yenus,  called 
Diond  from  her  mother,  ^neas  was 
son  of  Venus  and  Anchis^. 


VIrgll.  MeloguM,  Is.  47. 

Dio'ne  (8  syl,),  mother  of  Aphro- 
dite {Venus),  2^us  or  Jove  being  the 
father.  Venus  herself  is  sometimes 
called  Diond. 


Oh 


IkrtNi 


ilotlw 


•In 


Wbere  roang  Otoa4  sUara ,  wtth 
Iatk«  ber  Corth  to  lend  W  aoftl  form 
fdr  Btootir's  honoani  loMg*. 

Flmttmm  ^  ImagUuiHttn,  L  0744). 


Dionys'ia,  wife  of  Cleon  governor 
'  of  Tarsus.  Periclds  prince  of  Tyro 
commits  to  her  charge  his  infant  dau^ter 
Mari'na,  supposed  to  be  motherless. 
When  14  years  old,  Dionysia,  out  of 
jealousy,  employs  a  man  to  murder  her 
foster-child,  and  the  people  of  Tarsun, 
hearii^  thereof,  set  fire  to  her  house,  and 
both  Dionysia  and  Cleon  are  burnt  to 
death  in  the  flames. — Shakespeare,  Per  ides 
Prince  oj  Tyre  (1608). 

Dionys'ius,  tyrant  of  Syracuse,  de- 
thrcmed  Evander,  and  imprisoned  him  in 
a  dungeon  deep  in  a  huge  rock,  intending 
to  starve  him  to  death.  But  Euphrasia, 
having  gained  access  to  him,  M  him 
from  her  own  breast.  Timoleon  invaded 
Syracuse,  and  Dionysius,  seeking  safety 
in  a  tomb,  saw  there  Evander  Uie  deposed 
king,  and  was  about  to  kill  him,  when 
Euphrasia  rushed  forward,  struck  the 
tyrant  to  the  heart,  and  he  fell  dead  at 
her  feet.  —  A.  Murphy,  The  Grecian 
Daughter  (1772). 

*^*  In  this  tragedy  there  are  several 
gross  historical  errors.  In  act  i.  the 
auUior  tells  us  it  was  Dionvsius  the 
Elder  who  was  dethroned,  and  went  in 
exile  to  Corinth  ;  but  the  elder  Dionysius 
died  in  Syracuse,  at  the  a^  of  63,  and 
it  was  the  younger  Dionysius  who  was 
dethroned    by   Timoleon,  and   went  to 


DI0NTSIU8. 


SM 


DISTAFnNA. 


Corinth.  In  act  t.  he  makes  EaphnwU 
kUl  the  tyrant  in  Syra^iiBe,  whereas  he 
was  allowed  to  leave  Sicily,  and  retired 
to  Corinth^  where  he  spent  his  time  in 
riotous  living,  etc. 

Dkmyt^ius  [the  Elder]  was  appointed 
sole  general  of  the  S3rTacnsi«i  army,  and 
then  kinff  by  the  voice  of  the  senate. 
Damon  "the  Pythagore'an  *  opposed  the 
appointment,  and  even  tried  to  stab  **  the 
t3rntnt,**  bat  was  arrested  and  condemned 
to  death.  The  incidents  whereby  he  was 
saved  are  to  be  found  nnder  the  article 
DA'MOif  (q.vX 

Damon  ana  Pyihiat,  a  drama  by  R. 
Edwards  (1571),  and  another  by  John 
Banim,  in  1825. 

DUmytfius    [the    Touitoer],    being 

banibhed  from  Syracuse,  went  to  Corintn 

and  turned  schoolmaster. 

Oorlnlh's  pedacDcoehatti  nam 

ItaBMwrwl  htt  birwl  KynMC]  to  vby  brav. 

Byron,  Od*  <•  ir<v«lMH. 

Diossnritifl  the  Areopag^te  was 

one  of  die  judges  of  the  Areopagite 
when  St.  Paul  appearad  before  uiis 
tribunal.  Certain  writings,  fabricated  by 
the  neoHplatonicians  in  the  fifth  century, 
were  falsely  ascribed  to  him.  The  /k>- 
di/rum  DdcretaU  is  a  somewhat  similar 
forgery  by  Mentz,  who  lived  in  the  ninth 
century,  or  three  hundred  years  after 
Isidore. 


The  «rrnr  of  Umw  4oetilMi«>  vMooi 
Of  tko  old  Af«o|M«it«  Dtoajniiw. 

LodsfeDow,  Tht  Ootdtn  L$fftnd. 

Dionysius's  ISar,  a  eave  in  a  rock, 
72  feet  high,  27  foet  broad,  and  219  feet 
deep,  the  entrance  of  which  **  resembled 
the  shape  of  an  ear.**  It  was  used  as  a 
guard-room  or  prison,  and  the  sentinel 
could  hear  the  slightest  whisper  of  tiie 
prisoners  witiiin. 

Diosou'ri  <scm«  of  Zewt)y  Castor  and 
Pollux.  Generally,  but  incorrectly,  ac- 
cented on  the  second  syllable. 

Dioti'ma,  the  priestess  of  Mantineia 
in  P)ato*s  oi/mposittmf  the  teacher  of 
Soc'ratds.  iter  opinions  on  life,  its 
nature,  origin,  end,  and  aim,  form  the 
nucleus  of  the  dialogue.  Socrat^  died 
of  hemlock. 

BeoMth  an  omenld  piano 
Slli  Dlottaui,  iMchinc  blm  tbaA  dM 
OriMttkMk. 

IlMinyaon,  TlU  PrUteem,  OL 

DiplomatifltS  (Prince  of),  Chnrlet 
Maunce  TaUeyiand  de  P^gerd  (17M- 

lOOO^a 


Dipsas,  a  serpent,  so  called  beoaaM 
those  bitten  by  it  suffered  from  intoler- 
able thirst.  (Greek,  dipaa,  **  thirst.**) 
Milton  refers  to  it  in  Paradiae  LosL  x« 
526  (1665). 

Dii>8ode8  (2  syL),  the  people  of 
Dipsod^,  ruled  over  by  king  Anarchos, 
and  subjugated  by  prince  Pantag'ruel  (bk. 
ii.  28).  PantsgTuel  afterwards  colonized 
their  country  with  nine  thousand  million 
men  from  Utopia  (or  to  spesk  more 
exactly,  9^876,548,210  men),  besides 
women,  childrui,  workmen^  professors, 
and  peasant  labourers  (bk.  iiu  1). — ^Rabe- 
lais, PatUag'niti  (16M). 

Dip'sodr,  the  country  of  the  Dip- 
sodes  (2  syQf  q,v, 

Diree^auk  Swan,  Pindar;  so  called 
from  Dircd,  a  fountain  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  ThebeSi  the  poet*s  biithpUot 
(B.C.  518-142). 

Dirlos  or  I)*7rlo8  (Count),  a 
paladin,  the  embodiment  of  valour,  gene- 
rosity, and  truth.  He  was  sent  by 
Charlemagne  to  the  East^  where  he  con- 
quered Aiiar'd^  a  Moorish  prince.  On 
his  return,  he  found  his  young  wife 
betrothed  to  CUi'nos  (another  of  Chaile- 
magne's  peers).  The  matter  was  pmi 
right  by  the  kin^,  who  gave  a  graad 
feast  on  the  oocasMMi. 

Dirty  Iiand,  now  oaUed  Abmgdon 
Street,  Westminster. 

Dirty  Iiinen.  Napoleon  I.  taid« 
*'  II  faut  laver  sa  linge  en  famiUe.** 

IHsastrous  Paaoe  (7^)*  the  peace 
signed  at  Catcan-OunbnSsis,  by  which 
Henri  II.  renounced  all  ckim  to  Gen'oay 
Naples,  MU'an,  and  Corsioa  (1569). 

Dis'maa,  the  penitent  thief ;  Oeamas 
the  impenitent  one. 


Imporibot  iMltli  ponSent  tote  oorpoM  nunli  > 
Dmum  ot  flwnM,  modlw  Mt  Dtvlaa  PoCaMu) 
AJta  petit  Dtaaaa.  tnfrili  Inftma  Gannat; 
Noi  at  rei  naMraa  tommrrtu  SaaHoa  Pol 
Hog  vanoa  dlca^  na  xa  ftirto  laa  fwi»M. 


Disney  Profbssor,  a  chair  ra  tiie 
University  of  Cambridge,  founded  by 
John  Disney,  Esq.,  of  The  Hyde,  Ingate- 
stone,  for  Archaeology  (1851). 

Distaffl'na^  the  troth-pUght  wife  of 

feneral  BombastSs;  but  Artaxaminous, 
ing  of  Utopia,  promised  her  "half  a 
crown  **  if  she  would  forsake  the  general 
for  himself— a  temptation  too  great  to  b« 
resisted.  When  the  general  found  him- 
self jilted,  he  retired  from  the  world,  hung 


DISTATTS  DAY. 


157 


DIYINA  OCaOIEDIA. 


mp  his  boots  on  the  biaoch  of  a  tree,  and 
teed  sny  one  to  remove  them.  The  kinff 
cat  ths  boots  down,  and  the  g^nenu 
cat  the  kin|^  down.  Fosboe,  coming  op 
■t  this  cnais,  laid  the  general  prostnte. 
At  the  close  of  the  borleaqoe  all  the 
dead  men  jomp  np  and  join  the  danc^ 
promiatng  "to  die  again  to-morrow,**  if 
the  aadicnee  desires  it. — ^W.  B.  Bhodss, 
~     "  ~  (1790). 

Mkb 


."-ft  SVBMtC 

DistafTs  I>ay  (£>.},  Janoary  7  j  so 
called  because  the  Christmas  festivities 
tenainate  on  *'  Twelfth  Day,**  and  on  the 
day  following  tiie  women  used  to  retnm 
to  &eir  disbSs  or  daily  occupations. 

^0*  Also  called  M)ck  Ikty.  because 
'*  rock  **  is  aanthff  name  for  a  distaff. 


'«*11s  distance  lends  cn- 
yie    ▼icw.''--Oampbell, 
€fmpe^  i.  (1799). 

DiaU  OBBadMoChflr  ( 2%#),  *tngedy 
by  Ambrose  Philips  (1712).  The  '^dis- 
tressed mother**  is  Androm'achd,  the 
widow  of  Hector.  At  the  fall  of  Ttoy 
die  and  her  son  Astv'anax  fell  to  the  lot 
of  Pynfans  king  of  Eplms,  P^-rrhos  fell 
in  kiVe  with  her  and  wished  to  marry  her, 
bat  the  refused  him.  At  length  an  em- 
baasy  from  Greece,  heided  by  Orest^ 
BOB  of  Acamemnon,  was  attnt  to  Eplms 
to  dfmanfl  the  death  of  Astyanax,  lest  in 
Bsnhood  he  might  seek  to  avenge  his 
Cither's  death.  Pynjins  told  Andro- 
nachd  he  woold  protect  her  son,  and 
defy  all  Greece,  if  she  would  consent  to 
MaiiT  hiai ;  and  she  yidded.  While  the 
■anisge  rites  were  S^ing  on,  the  Greek 
idois  fall  on  rynfaas  and  mur- 
liBiu  As  he  fell  he  placed  the 
e«  the  head  ef  Andromaehd. 
who  th«s  became  queen  of  Bpirns,  and 
tte  (yfeeks  hastened  to  their  ships  in 
tij^  This  play  is  an  English  adaptiatioo 
of  RaciBe'B  An^^maqm  (1667). 

Dit^iley  (Oa^),  one  of  the  mineft 
employed  1^  sir  Cieoffrey  P^eriL — Sir 
W,  Scott,  PetmH  tf  ifte  Peak  (time, 
Chaiiesn.). 

IMtlunraiiibic  Poetry  (Ihthtr  of), 
Arkm  of  Lesbos  (fl.  B.O.  625). 

Ditton  (Thomas),  footman  of  the 
Bcv.  Mr.  Stamiton,  of  Willingham  Rec- 
tory.—Sir  W.  Scott»  Heart  ofliicUothkm 
(time,  (jeoige  II.). 

Blvan  ( jPV),  the  supreme  comioil  and 


eonrt  of  justice  of  the  caliphs.  The 
abbassides  always  sat  in  person  in  this 
court  to  aid  in  the  redress  of  wrongs.  It 
was  called  "  a  divan  *'  from  the  ^ches 
covered  with  cushions  on  which  &e 
members  sat.— D'Herbelot,  BibliotMque 
Orientate,  29S, 

Dive  [deev],  a  demon  In  Persian 
mythology.  In  the  mogQl*s  palace  at 
Lahore,  Uiere  used  to  be  several  pictures 
of  these  dives  (1  syt^),  with  long  boras, 
staring  eyes,  ana^^  hair,  great  fanfi^B, 
ugly  paws,  long  tails,  and  ouier  horrible 
deformities.  I  remember  seeing  them 
exhibited  at  King's  Gollege  in  one  ef  the 
eoir^ee  given  there  after  the  Indian 
Mutiny. 

iMvar  iCbhnO),  Aditor  of  tfa6  Ifeu, 
York  Bowdy  Journal,  in  America.  His 
air  was  that  of  a  man  oppressed  by  a 
sense  of  his  own  greatness,  and  his 
physiogBomy  was  a  map  of  cunning  and 
conceit.— €«  Dickens,  Martm  Chmzzlete^ 
(1844). 

Di'rae  (2  eyi.),  the  name  populartr 
given  to  the  "  ridi  man  **  in  our  Lord  s 
parable  of  the  rich  man  and  Lazarus ;  in 
Latin,  DioSa  et  Lcuarm, — Lttke  xvL 

Divide  and  Qovem,  a  maxim  of 
Machiavelll  of  Florence  (1469-1527). 

Divi'xut  Ck>miiie'dia,  the  first  poem 
of  note  ever  written  in  the  Italian  lan- 
guage. Itisanepio  by  Dant^Ali^e'rii 
and  is  divided  into  three  parts :  Hell, 
Purgatory,  and  Paradise.  Danttf  called 
it  a  oomeay,  because  the  ending  is  happy ; 
and  his  countrymen  added  the  word 
divine  from  admiration  tA  the  poem.  The 
poet  depicts  a  vision,  in  which  he  is 
conducted,  first  by  Yiigil  {human  reason) 
through  hell  and  purgatory ;  and  then  by 
Beatnce  (revelation)  and  finally  by  St. 
Bernard  through  the  several  heavens, 
where  he  beholds  the  Triune  God. 

'*HeIl**  is  represented  as  a  funnel- 
■haped  hollow,  fbrmcd  of  gradually  con- 
tracting circles,  the  lowest  and  smallest 
of  which  is  the  earth's  centre.  (See  In- 
ferno, 1800.) 

'*  Purgatory  **  is  a  mountain  rising 
solitarilv  from  the  ocean  on  that  side  of 
the  earth  which  is  opposite  to  us.  It  is 
divided  into  terraces,  and  its  top  n  the 
terrestrial  paradise.  (See  PuBeATOBT» 
1808.) 

From  this  **top**  the  poet  ascendi 
through  the  seven  planetary  heavens^ 
the  fixed  stars,  and  the  ^'primum  moUlat* 

8 


DIVINE. 


269 


DOCTOR. 


to  the  empyre'sn  or  seat  of  God.    (See 
Paradise,  1811.) 

Divine  ( T?ie)^  St  John  the  eyangelist, 
calle«l  »*  John  the  Divine." 

Raphaelf  the  painter,  was  called  // 
Dwmo  (1488-1520). 

Luis  Morale,  a  Spanish  painter,  was 
called  £1  Dwmo  (1509-1586). 

Ferdinand  de  Hjerre'ra,  a  Spanish  poet 
(1516-1596). 

Divine  Doctor  (The),  Jean  de 
Rnysbroek,  the  mystic  (1294-1881). 

Divine  Speaker  (The).  Tyr'tamos, 
osnally  known  as  Theo^rastos  (*'divine 
speaker**),  was  so  called  by  Aristotle 
(B.O.  870-287). 

Divine  Bight  of  Kings.  The 
dogma  that  Kmoioan  do  no  wrong  is  based 
on  a  dictum  of  Hincmar  archbishop  of 
Kheims,  viz.,  that  "  kings  are  subject  to 
no  man  so  long  as  they  rule  by  God's 
hLW,"—Hincmar'$  Works,  L  698. 

Divining  Bod,  a  forked  branch  of 
hazel,  suspended  between  the  balls  of  the 
thumbs.  The  inclination  of  this  rod 
indicates  ^e  presence  of  water-springs 
and  precious  metals. 

How  to  rindctt  from  the  ■MwntaliM 
Paint  tlM  rods  of  Coctune-talkn^ 

LongfaQow,  JDHmJOmff  8omg. 

*^*  Jacquc»  Aymar  of  Crole  was  the 
most  famous  of  all  diviners.  He  lived  in 
the  liUAer  half  of  the  seventeenth  centui^ 
and  the  beginning  of  the  eighteenth.  His 
marvellous  facul^  attracted  the  attention 
of  Burope.  M.  Chauvin,  M.D.,  and 
M.  Gamier,  M.D.,  published  carefully 
written  accounts  of  his  wonderful  powers, 
and  both  were  eye-witnesses  thereof. — 
See  S.  Baring-Gould,  Mj/tht  of  the  Middle 
Agei. 

Divinity.  There  are  four  professors 
of  divinity  1^  Cambridge,  and  three  at 
Oxford.  Those  at  Cambridge  are  the 
Hul'sean,  the  Margaret,  the  Norrisian, 
and  tiie  R^us.  Those  at  Oxford  are 
the  Margaret,  the  R^ns,  and  one  for 
Ecclesiastical  History. 

Divi'no  Ijodov'ieo,  Ariosto,  author 
of  OrloMdo  Furioao  (1474-1583). 

Dix'ie's  Ijand,  the  Und  of  milk  and 
honey  to  American  niggers.  Dixie  was 
a  slave-holder  of  Manhattan  Island,  who 
removed  his  slaves  to  the  Southern 
States,  where  they  had  to  work  harder 
and  fare  worse ;  so  that  they  were  always 
•ijjfhing  for  their  old  home,  which  they 


called  **  Dixie's  Land."  ImapnaUon  and 
distance  soon  advanced  this  island  into  a 
sort  of  Delectable  Country  or  land  of 
Beulah. 

Dixon,  servant  to  Mr.  Richard  Vere 
(I  syl.).— Sit  W.  ScoU,  The  Black  Dwarf 
(time,  Anne). 

Dizay,  a  nickname  of  Benjamin  Dis- 
raeli, earl  of  Beaconsficld  (1805-        )• 

Dja'bal,  son  of  Youssof,  a  sheikh, 
and  saved  by  Maft'ni  in  the  great  massacre 
of  the  sheikhs  by  the  Knights  Hospitallers 
in  the  Spo'radds.  He  resolves  to  avenge 
this  massacret^  and  gives  out  that  he  is 
Hakeem',  the  incarnate  god,  their  founder, 
returned  to  earth  to  avenge  their  wrongs 
and  lead  them  back  to  Syria.  His  im- 
posture being  discovered,  he  kiUs  him- 
self, but  toys  [Zo'.iw],  a  young  Breton 
count,  leads  the  exiles  hack  to  Lebanon. 

Dlidwl  b  HakoMon.  ttM  IncariMle  DraikU 
Tbe  phantaan  khaUf,  king  of  Prodlglm. 
Botwrt  Brovnlng.  r*e  Jl<tym  qf  (*«  "^ 


Dtjin'neetan',  the  realm  of  the  djinn 
or  genii  of  Oriental  mythology. 

Dobbin  (Captain  afterwards  Colonel), 
son  of  sir  William  Dobbin,  a  London 
tradesman.  Uncouth,  awkward,  and  tail, 
with  huge  feet ;  but  faithful  and  loving, 
with  a  large  heart  and  most  delicate  ap- 
preciation. He  is  a  prince  of  a  fellow, 
18  proud,  fond  of  captain  George  Osborne 
from  boyhood  to  death,  and  adores  Amelia, 
George's  wife.  When  she  has  been^  a 
widow  for  some  ten  years,  he  marries 
her.— Thackeray,  Vanity  Fair  (IMS). 

Dobbins  (Htanphrcy),  the  confi- 
dential servant  of  sir  Robert  Bramble  of 
Blackberry  Hall,  in  the  county  of  Kent. 
A  blunt  old  retainer,  most  devoted  to  his 
master.  Under  a  rough  exterior  he  con- 
cealed a  heart  brimful  of  kindness,  and 
so  tender  that  a  word  would  melt  it. — 
George  Colman,  The  Poor  GenUeman 
(180'^. 

I>obu'nL  called  Bodvfm  by  Dio :  the 
people  ofGlottcestershire  and  Oxford- 
shire. Dra3rton  refers  to  them  in  his 
Polyodnon,  xvi.  (1618). 

Doctor  (The),  a  romance  by  Sou- 
ther. The  doctor*s  name  is  Dovfli|  and 
his  horse  "  NobU.- 

Doctor  (The  Admirable),  Roger  Bacon 
(1214-1292). 

The  Angelic  Doctor,  Thomas  Aquinas 
(1224-1274),  «*  fifth  doctor  of  the  Church.** 

The  Aut/ientic  Doctor,  Gregory  of 
Riitlni  (♦-1357). 


DOCTORS  OF  THE  CHURCH.      260 


DODONA. 


The  Dicime  Dodotf  Jean  Rnysbroek 
(1294-1881). 

The  Duicijlwm»  Doctor,  Antonio  An- 
drcM  (*-13:20). 

Tke  Ecstatio  Doctor,  Jean  Rajabroek 
(1394-1381). 

Tk»  EtoqunU  Doctor^  Peter  Aareolus, 
archbishop  of  Alx  (fourteenth  century). 

Tke  EvangeUoal  Doctor,  J.  WycUiffe 
(IS24-13B4). 

The  Bhukmated  Doctor,  Raymond  Lolly 
(1285-1315),  or  Moet  Eniightened  Doctor. 

Tke  InmmdSbU  Doctor,  WUliam  Occam 
(1*76-1347). 

Tke  IrrtfroQakie  Doctor,  Alexander 
Hales  (*-l:M5). 

Tke  MeUiJtmmi  Doctor,  St.  Bemaid 
(1O01-11&3). 

Tke  Moet  Christiam  Doctor,  Jean  de 
Gctwm  (1368-1429). 

TV  Moet  Mcthodioai  Doctor,  John 
BmsoI  (*-1347). 

Tke  Moet  Profound  Doctor,  .fgidius 
de  Colnmna  (^-1316). 

Tke  Moet  Reeolute  Doctor,  Dnrand  de 
St  Poor^ain  (1267-1332). 

Tke  Perepicwme  Doctor,  Walter  Bor- 
ley  (foorteenth  centary). 

Tke  Frofouml  Doctor,  Thomas  Bnd- 
vardlne  (*-1349). 

Tke  Scholastic  Doctor,  Anselm  of  Laon 
(1050-1117). 

Tke  Seraphic  Doctor,  St  Bonarentora 
(1221-1274). 

TV  Sbtgmlar  Doctor,  William  Occam 
(1276-1347). 

TV  SolemM  Doctor,  Henry  Goethals 
(1227-1293). 

TV  SoUd   Doctor,  Richard  Hiddleton 

r-iaM). 

TV  SMle  Doctor,  Dons  Scotns  (1265- 
1308),  or  Moet  Subtle  Doctor. 

Tie  Tkorowjh  Doctor,  WUliam  Yarro 
(thirteenth  centary). 

TV  Universal  Doctor,  AUin  de  Lille 
(1114-1208)  ;Thoma8AquinaB(1224-1274). 

TV  Venerable  Doctor,  William  de 
CVmpeaux  (*-1126). 

TV  WelUounded  Doctor,  i£gidins 
fiomanns  (*-1316). 

TV  Wiee  Doctor,  John  Herman  Weasel 
(1449-1489). 

The  Womderfid  Doctor,  Roger  Bacon 
(1214-1292). 

I>ootor8  of  the  Churoli.  The 
Oreek  Chnrch  recognizes  four  doctors, 
Tia.,  St  Athanisins,  St  BasU,  St  (Gregory 
•f  KTva,  and  St  John  Chrysostom. 
TV  Latin  (Church   recognizes  St    Ao- 

rtia,  St   Jerome,  St   Ambrose,  and 
Gngorj  tke  Gr0at. 


(For  all  other  doctors,  aee  nnder  the 
proper  name  or  nickname.) 

Dootor's  Tale  (TV),  in  C9iaaeef^ 
Canterbury  TaleSj  ia  the  Roman  story  of 
YirginiuB  given  by  Livy.  This  stonr  is 
told  in  French  in  the  JSoman  de  la  Roae, 
ii.  74,  and  by  (Jower  in  his  Confensio 
Amantie,  vii.  It  has  furnished  the  aubject 
of  a  host  of  tragedies :  for  example,  in 
French,  Mair^  (1628) ;  Leclerc  (1645) ; 
(^ampestron  (1683) ;  Ciiabanon  (1769) ; 
Laharpe(1786) ;  UblancdeGuiIlet(1786); 
(Juiraud  (1827)  ;  Utour  St  Ybars  (1845). 
In  Italian,  Alfieri  (1784);  in  Oerman, 
Leasing  (1775) ;  and  in  English,  Knowles 
(1829). 

Doctor's  Wifb  (TV],  a  novel  by 
Kiss  Braddon,  adapted  from  Madante 
Bovary,  a  French  novel. 

Dodger  (TV  Artful),  the  sobriqnet 
of  Jack  Dawkins,  an  artful,  thievish 
yomig  acamp,  in  the  boy  crew  of  Fa^n 
the  Jew  villam. — C.  Dickens,  Oliver  Twut, 
Yiii.  (1887). 

Dodinffton.  whom  Thomson  in- 
vokes innis  Summer,  is  George  Bubb 
Dodington,  lord  Melcomb-Regis,  a  British 
statesman.  Churchill  and  Pope  ridiculed 
him,  while  Hogarth  introduced  him  in 
his  picture  called  the  **  Orders  of  Peri- 

•  ts 

wigs." 

Dod'ipoU  (Dr,),  any  man  of  weak 
intellect,  a  dotard.  Hence  the  proverb, 
Wise  as  Dr,  Dodipoll,  meaning  "  not  wise 
ataU." 

Dodman  or  Doddixnan.  A  snail 
is  BO  called  in  the  eastern  counties. 

Ton  ft  regnlar  dodmaa.  I  mo,"  mM  Mr.  Pegfottjr— lif 
which  h«  lucMit  "mtaJV^V.  Dkkena,  OoHd  Coppmr- 
iUM.  TfL  (1S«»». 


iBDMi,  pat  < 

a  UiiM(o«teal>oiir  < 

Fwfmlar  Mkjnmt  Ut  Jfrnfttk. 


For 


Dodon  or  rather  Dodoens  {Bem- 
hert),  a  Dutch  botanist  (1517-1585),  phy- 
sician to  the  emperors  Maximilian  II.  and 
Rodolph  II.  His  works  are  Fhunentorum 
et  Legwminum  Histonu ;  Morum  Uistcria  ; 
Purgantium  Radksmn  et  Herbarum  Historia ; 
Stirpium  Historia;  all  included  under 
the  general  title  of  "The  History  of 
Plants." 


or  thMa  oMBt  hdpAri  harhi  y«f  tan  w«  hat  a  fliw. 
To  thoM  lumumberad  wiH.  of  rimplw  bcra  thai  grew. 
Which  fimtij  to  aatdown  a'an  Dodon  short  doth  fall. 
Draftou.  rOpolttom,  lUI.  OSiSK 

Dodo'na  (in  Epiros),  famous  for  the 
most  ancient  oracle  m  Greece.  The 
responses  were  made  by  an  old  woman 
called  a  pigeon,  because  the  Qnek  wosd 


D0D8. 


Doa 


pdbB  meMBB  either  **  old  women "  or 
'•pigeons.*'  According  to  fable,  ZeM 
gmve  his  daughter  IliCbe  two  bUck 
pigeona  endowed  with  the  gift  of  human 
■peechi  one  flew  into  Ubya,  and  gave  the 
reaponaet  in  the  temple  of  Ammon ;  the 
other  into  Epiros,  when  it  gave  the  re* 
•ponflea  in  Dodona. 

We  are  told  that  the  priesteaa  of  Dodona 
derired  her  answers  fh>m  the  cooing  of 
the  sacred  doves,  tbe  rustling  of  the 
sacred  trees,  the  bubbling  of  the  sacred 
fountain,  and  the  tinkling  of  bells  or 

Eiecet   of  metal  snspended   amtNOig  the 
raaches  of  the  trees. 


And  Dodona's  mk  •wang  Ioim^ 
H«ooafiorth  to  the  tempert  oaiy. 
Mn.  Btovalns,  Dmad 


17. 


Dods  (Meij)y  landUdy  of  the  Clachan 
or  Mowbery  Arms  inn  at  St.  Ronan's  Old 
Town.  The  inn  was  once  the  manse, 
and  Meg  Dods  reigned  there  despotically, 
Iwt  her  wines  were  good  and  her  cuisine 
excellent.  This  is  one  of  the  best  low  comio 
characters  in  the  whole  range  of  fiction. 

8b«  luKl  bdr  of  ft  brindled  coloar.  betwixt  Mark  md 
tfwf.m^wm  fUtomasf  In  ttNotkMtnmmniet  hm 
KMteh  whniibawulluvinikiloTtDkMtasUaUoM  I  lan« 
akinny  handi  tennbuited  by  Aoat  takNM,1|rcy  «/«•,  thla 
Htm,  •  robust  p«non.  •  broad  ChMSb  tA  ehat,  capita 
ivlnd.  and  a  *ok»  that  could  matah  a  dioir  of  OAwoomh. 
-flir  W  Scott,  at.  Monan'B  W9U,  L  (tiae.  GeoiBB  \l\.l 

(So  ffood  a  housewife  was  this  eccentrie 
landlady,  that  a  cookery-book  has  been 

})ubli8hed  bearing  her  name ;  the  authoress 
8  Mrs.  Johnstone,  a  Scotchwoman.) 

Dodaon*  a  yoong  farmer,  called  upon 
by  D<»th  on  his  wedding  day.  Death 
told  him  he  must  quit  his  Susan,  and  go 
with  him.  '<With  you!'*  the  hapless 
husband  cried;  "young as  I  am,  ana  un- 
prepared?" DeaUi  then  told  him  he 
would  not  disturb  him  yet,  bnt  would 
call  again  after  giving  bim  three  warn- 
ings. WhenhewasSOyearsof  age,  Death 
called  again.  **  So  soon  returned  ?  '*  old 
Dodson  cried.  '*  You  know  you  promised 
me  three  warnings.**  Death  then  told  him 
that  as  he  was  "lame  and  deaf  and  blind,** 
he  had  received  his  three  warnings. — MrA. 
Throle  [Piozzi],  The  Three  Wamingt, 

Dodson  and  Tom  (Mnsr*,)^  two 
onprincipled  lawyers,  who  undertake  on 
their  own  speculation  to  bring  an  action 
against  Mr.  Pickwick  for  "breach  of 
promise,"  and  file  accordimcly  the  famous 
suit  of  "Bardell  r.  Kckwick.*'— C. 
Dickens,  The  Pickwick  Papers  (1836). 

Doe  {John)  and  Richard  Roe,  the  fie* 
titious  plaintiff  and  defendant  in  an 
tion  of  ejeotment.    Men  of  straw. 


Doeg,  Saul's  herdsman,  who  told  him 
that  the  priest  Abim'elech  had  supplied 
David  with  food ;  whereupon  the  King 
sent  him  to  kill  Abimeloch,  and  Doe;g 
slew  priests  to  the  number  of  fonr  score 
and  five  (1  Samuel  xxii.  18)«  In  pi.  Ii« 
of  the  satire  called  Ahsakm  and  AcAito- 
nAW,  Elkaneh  Settle  is  called  Doe^, 
because  he  "  fell  upon  *'  Dryden  with  his 
pen,  but  was  only  a  "  herdsman  or  drirer 
of 


Poeg.  tho*  wKhout  knowfashow  or  vfiy, 
Itede  •ta  a  bkindiflBf  Uwl  of  Miodr . 
Let  bin  raO  on  .  .  . 
But  If  ba  JomblM  ta  one  Hat  ofnoMi 
Indirt  htaaef  a  capital  aHaaoa 

DoflT  (Agrippa*»),  Comellns  Agripp* 
had  a  dc^  whicn  was  generally  sttspe^tcd 
of  being  a  spirit  incarnate* 

Arthur'i  Dog.  "  CavalL** 

Dog  of  Belgrade^  the  campMttler^ 
was  named  "  Clumsey.** 

Xofrf^ynm*«/>oy7,«^Boattwahi.»*  ItiTM 
buried  in  the  garden  of  Newstead  Abbey. 

Dog  of  Catherine  de  Medids,  "Plioeb^** 
alap-do£. 

(SuhuUin^s  Dog  was  named  '*  Loath^**  a 
swift-footed  hound. 

Dora's  Dog,  "  Jip.**— C.  Dickens,  Zknria 
Copperfeld, 

Douglas's  Dog^  ^*  LaSrt^^^'-Lady  of  the 
Lake, 

Erigonts  Dog  was  **M(Bra.**  Erigoni 
is  the  constellation  Ftir^,  and  M(bi»  the 
star  called  Canis. 

Ewrytion's  Dog  (herdsman  of  Gezr^n), 
•*Orthros."    It  bad  two  heads. 

FtngaPs  Dog  waa  luuned  "  Bran.** 

Qeryon*s  Dogs,  One  was  "Gargitto*** 
and  the  other  "OrthroB.**  The  latter  was 
brother  of  Cerb^ros,  but  it  had  only  two 
heads.  Hercul^  killed  both  of  Georon's 
dogs. 

XondiMtfr't  i>09,  "  Brutna.**  Introdnced 
by  the  great  animal  painter  in  his  pic^nre 
called  *^The  Invader  of  the  Larder.^ 

LlevDellyn*s  Dog  was  named  "  Gelert  { ** 
it  was  a  greyhound.    (See  Gklsrt.) 

Lord Lurgan's  Dog  was  named  "Master 
M'Grath,"  from  an  orphan  boy  who 
reared  it.  This  dog  won  three  Waterloo 
cups,  and  was  presented  at  court  by  the 
express  desire  of  queen  Victoria,  the  voiy 
year  it  died.  It  was  a  sporting  grey- 
hound (bom  1806,  died  Christmaa  Day, 
1871). 

Marices  Dog,  "  SUvio.**--Ste»ek  Semii* 
mentalJoumey, 

Dog  of  MontaraU,  This  was  a  4og 
named  "Dragon,**  belonging  to  Aubri  dS 
MontdiJier,   «   captain   in   the   Fraidi 


DOO. 


DOILST. 


•mj.  A«bri  WM  Buudered  in  tha  forest 
of  Bondy  b^  Idg  friend,  Meutcnant 
MOTiie,  in  the  laaie  regiment.  After  its 
iDMter*s  death,  the  d^  ehowed  such  a 
strange  arenioB  to  Maouse,  that  suspicion 
vas  aronscd  against  him.  Some  say  he 
was  pitted  asounst  the  dog,  and  confused 
ihe  Clime.  Others  say  a  sash  was  found 
om  him,  and  the  sword-knot  was  recog- 
nized bT  Ursulaas  her  own  work  and  gift 
to  AnbrL  This  Uacaire  then  confessed 
the  crime,  and  his  accomplice,  lieutenant 
Landiy,  trying  ta  Mcape,  was  seised  by 
at  dog  and  bitfeem  to  death.  This  story 
hss  been  diamaliaad  both  in  French  and 
E^duh. 

Ofis^t  Dog9;  one  was  named  <*Ace* 
topb'onoe  "  and  the  other  "  PtoKMihages," 

i^tacA's  Dog^  "  Toby."       •^'^'*-* 

Sr  W.  &oir$  Dogt.  His  deer-hoond 
«as*<Maida."  His  jet-bhu:k  gre>'hound 
vas*<HaaiIeL**  He  had  also  two  Dandy 
Dinmont  terriers. 

^  9/  the  Stven  Sleepers,  "Katmir." 
It  spoke  writh  a  human  voice. 

In  Sieagys  drcut,  the  performinfl:  doe 

Bmd  TSann, 

(for  Actwm's  fifty  doga,  see  Diotionarw 
ef  Pknm  emd  F<tbU,  9al)  ^ 

J^*,  The  lamoos  momU  St,  Berward 
wig  which  saved  forty  human  beings,  was 
n«ttl  "Barry."  The  stuffed  skin  of 
tma  noble  creature  is  preeerved  in  the 
vadeam  at  Berne. 

^.?^(^»  Diotffefls  the  cynic  (b.c. 
4u>32S).  When  Alexander  encountered 
uia,  Che  ytmng  Maeedonian  kiitf  intio* 
daead  himaelf  with  the  words,  "I  «m 
Aleuadcc,  sonamed  *  the  Great* "  Te 
whjch  t2ie  philosopher  replied,  **And  I 
AMDiogea^sumamed'theDeg.'"  The 
*^Musa  raised  to  his  memory-  a  pillar 
•fJWiaB  BMrble,  surmounted  with  a  dog, 
9m.  bearing  the  foUowing  inscription : — 

^■'^'      ntafw4i.    "Pn«i(iu-r 
~  B*  wks  aiHls  s  tab  Mi  iMnet- 


Dog  {J%t  Tkracian)^  ZoUus  the  gram* 
■•nan;  aocalledfor  his  snarling,  captious 
oitiekBM  oo  U«mer,  Plata,  and  Iso'crates. 
He  waa  aonieniDonrv   with  Philip  of 


Bctf'sJfoM,  gin  and  beer. 
Oaddaa  a  do^$  note, 

nm^rafca  le«k  la  NiMb^ark, 
Wtedt  aiHls  Uw  (kv  biglii  to  bwh  I 
Mh  tMk  U«  MM  to  Mop  tht  bol^ 
a^  kHn  Mi  M**  It  alwv*  «»U. 


M*im 


«iwir»'     - 


^a^sar- 


Dogs  were  supposed  by  the  anci«t 
Gaels  to  be  sensible  of  their  masters' 
death,  howerer  far  they  mi^ht  be 
rated.  ^ 


dofi  arc  tioirlliK  fa  tb«lr  pkoe, 
—  Mr4iab«d  mo,  la   Erin'i 
». 


!■  tlM  hal.  .  .  hii 
Art  tboo  fUkii, 


Dogs.  The  two  sisters  of  Zobei'dd  (5 
jy/.)  were  turned  into  little  bUck  does 
for  casting  Zobeid^  and  "ttie  prince"  into 
the  sea.    (See  Zobbidb.) 

jj..I>ot»  of  War,  Famine,  Sword,  and 

AM  AooM  tiM  varllka  KMrr.  n*  UaMlL 

Dog-headed  Tribes  (of  India), 
■entfoned  In  the  Italian  romanoe  it 
Guereno  Mesckfno, 

Dog-rose  (Greek,  kmo-4rvdfm).  So 
^led  because  U  was  supposed  tocuntbt 
bite  of  mad  dogs. 

A  aiomi  v«ro  (!.«.  tf  «  mm|  4^\  mAe^  -  -     - 
owario  VKNkm  Boper  rq>ertuiirridfa  cylrMifa  iS 

ffsTrSiuCS^  ■**•*''*"•""■''  *^  ^ 

Dogberry  and  Verges,  two  Ig- 
norant conceited  constables,  who  greaUy 
mutilate   their   words.    Dogberry   calls 

assembly  "  dissembly  ;  "  Ireason  ^  na 
calls  perjury;  "calumny"  he  caUs  bvr^ 
alary;  "condemnation,"  redemptUm ; 
•  respect,- st«p«;<.    When  Conrade  says. 

Away  I  you  are  an  ass ;"  Dogberry  telfi 
the  town  clerk  to  write  him  down  "an 
MS.  "Masters,"  he  says  to  the  officials, 
"remember  I  am  an  ass."  "Oh  that! 
had  b^  writ  down  an  ass!"  (act  iv.  sc.  2). 
-^Uwspeare,  AfucA  Ado  about  Ifothmg 

^^eg^  wardonr  at  the  castle  of 
^■f^®.!^*!**."^*^-— Sir  W.  Bcott,  7%# 
Betrothed  (time,  Henry  II.). 

Dog^^s  Coat  and  Badge,  the 
great  pnze  in  the  Thames  rowing-match, 
given  on  the  1  st  of  August  every  year.  So 
cftUed  from  Thomas  Dogget,  an  actor  of 

WruryUne,who8ignalizedtheaccesBionof 
Ueorge  I.  to  the  throne  by  giving  annually 
a  waterman's  coat  and  badge  to  the 
winner  of  the  race.  The  Fishmongers' 
Company  add  a  guinea  to  the  prize. 

DoHey  (Abraham),  a  citizen  mnd  re- 
tired slop-seUer.  He  was  a  charity  boy. 
]^<>lly  without  education,  but  made 
^,000  In  trade,  and  is  determined  to  have 
"a  lamed  skollard  for  his  son-in-Uw.** 


DOLL  OOMMON. 


282 


DOLON  AND  ULYSSES. 


He  spei^g  of  jomtry  [geometry] ,  /o^to, 
j^^fyi  ^^  Jiatcr,  pmnu-fortt/f  and  anH- 
kary  doctors ;  talks  of  Scratcfu  [Gracchi], 
iTorsi  [Horatii],  a  siudy^  of  horses^  and  so 
op.  Being  resolved  to  judge  between  the 
rival  scholarship  of  an  Oxford  pedant 
and  a  captain  in  the  army,  he  gets  both 
to  speak  Greek  before  him.  Gradus,  the 
scholar,  quotes  two  lines  of  Greek,  in 
which  Uie  word  jpanta  occurs  four  times. 
**  Pantry  !  "  cnes  the  old  slop-seller ; 
**you  can*t  impose  upon  me.  I  know 
narUry  is  not  Greek.**  The  captain  tries 
English  fustian,  and  when  Gradus  main- 
tains that  the  words  are  English,  **  Out 
upon  you  for  a  jackanapes,*'  cries  the 
old  man ;  <*a8  if  1  din't  Know  my  own 
motiier  tongue ! "  and  gives  his  verdict  in 
favour  of  the  captain. 

ElixaMh  Douey,  daughter  of  the  old 
slop-seller,  in  love  with  captain  Granger. 
She  and  her  cousin  Chariotte  induce  the 
Oxford  scholar  to  dress  like  a  b«au  to 
please  the  ladies.  By  so  doing  he  dis- 
gusts the  old  man,  who  exclaims,  *'  Oh 
tiiat  I  should  ever  have  been  such  a  dolt 
as  to  take  thee  for  a  man  of  lamenM"  So 
the  captain  wins  the  race  at  a  canter. — 
Mrs.  Cowley,  Whi/s  the  Dvpel 

DoU  Common,  a  young  woman  in 
league  with  Subtle  the  alchemist  and 
Face  his  ally. — B.  Jonson,  The  Alchemist 
(1610). 

Mn.  Pritohwd JITU-ITSS) cooM  dm  horn  "Mr  Mm* 
iMCh  "  to  "  Don  OMnmon.''— Leigfa  Html 

Doll  Tearaheet,  a  **bona-roba.** 
This  virago  is  cast  into  prison  with  Dame 
Quickly  (hostess  of  a  tavern  in  Ea»k- 
dieap),  for  the  death  of  a  man  that  they 
mad  Pistol  had  beaten. — Shakespeare, 
2  Henry  IV.  (1698). 

DoUalloUa  (Quwn),  wife  of  king 
Arthur,  very  fond  of  stiff  punch,  but 
scorning  **  vulgar  sips  of  brandy,  gin, 
and  rum."  She  is  tne  enemjr  of  Tom 
Thumb,  and  opposes  his  marriage  with 
her  daughter  Huncamunca;  but  when 
Noodle  announces  that  the  red  cow  has 
devoured  the  pigmy  giant-queller,  she 
kills  the  messenger  for  his  ill  tidings, 
and  is  herself  killed  by  Frizaletta.  Queen 
DoUallolla  is  jealous  of  the  giantess 
Glundalca,  at  whom  his  maiesty  casts 
*'  sheep's  eyes." — Tom  Thumb,  hy  Fielding 
the  novelist  (1730),  altered  by  O'Uara, 
author  of  Midas  (1778). 

DoUa  Murrey,  a  chaiacter  in 
Crabbe's  Bonmyhf  who  died  playing 
cards. 


"  A  vole  1  •  vole  I  **  ilM  criai :  "'Us  fairtr 
Tbb  aid.  ilM  SBBtIr  with  a  ili«la  dgh 
Died. 

Owa»>w.BMiii^(MMi 

Dolly  of  the  Chox>-hou8e 
(Queen's  Head  Passage,  Paternoster  Row 
and  Newgate  Street.  London).  Her  cele- 
brity^ arose  from  toe  excellency  of  her 
provisions,  attendance,  accommodation| 
and  service.  The  name  is  that  of  the  old 
cook  of  the  establishment. 

The  broth  rvrirliig,  and  the  bread  «■■  fidr, 
Ibe  ■man  beer  giatiAil  ead  «  pepfier  Mra 
Ihe  beaf-etaake  tender,  aad  the  poC-hote 


DoUy  TrulL  Captain  Macheath 
says  she  was  "  so  taken  up  with  stealing 
hearts^  she  left  herself  no  time  to  steu 
anirthing  else."— Gay,  The  Beggar' sOpara. 
iL  1  (1727). 

Dolly  Varden,  daughter  of  Gabriel 
Tarden,  locksmith.  She  was  loved  to 
distraction  by  Joe  Willet,  Hugh  <^  tiie 
Mavpole  inn,  and  Simon  Tappertit. 
Dolly  dressed  in  the  Watteau  st^le,  and 
was  lively,  pretty,  and  bewitching.— C 
Dickens,  Bcamaby  Budge  (1841). 

Dolman,  a  light-bloe  loose-fitting 
jacket,  braided  across  the  front  with 
black  silk  frogs,  and  embroidered  from 
the  cuffs  almost  to  the  shouldera  wi^ 
gold  lace  of  three  rows  interwoven.  It  is 
used  as  the  summer  jacket  of  Che  Al- 
^rian  native  troops.  The  winter  ja<^et 
18  called  a  **  pelisse.** 

Doroziy  "a  man  of  subtle  wit  and 
wicked  mind,"  father  of  Guizor  (groom 
of  PoUentd  the  Saracen,  lord  of  **  Par- 
lous Bridge  **).  Sir  Aytegal,  with  scant 
ceremony,  knocks  the  life  out  of  Guizor, 
fbr  demanding  of  him  "  passage-penny  ** 
for  crossing  the  bridge.  Soon  afterwards, 
Brit'omart  and  Talus  rest  in  Dolon's 
castle  for  the  night,  and  Dolon,  mistak- 
ing Britomart  for  sir  Art^^  sets  upon 
her  in  the  middle  of  the  ni^t,  but  is 
overmastered.  He  now  runs  with  his  two 
surviving  sons  to  the  bridge,  to  prevent 
the  passage  of  Britomart  and  Talus ;  but 
Britomart  runs  one  of  them  throu||;h  with 
her  spear,  and  knocks  the  other  into  the 
river.— Spenser,  Fairy  Queen^  v.  6  (1596). 

DoPon  and  Ulysses.  Dokm  under- 
took to  enter  the  Greek  camp  and  bring 
word  back  to  Hector  aa  exact  aooonnt  of 
pver3rthing.  Accordingly  he  put  on  a 
wolfs  skin  and  prowled  about  the  camp 
on  all  fours.  Ulysses  saw  through  the 
disguise,  and  sud  to  Diomed,  **  Yonder 
man  is  from  the  host  •  .  .  we'll  let  him 
pass  a  few  paces,  and  then  poonoe  on  him 
unexpectedly.**    They  toon  caoght  the 


D0L0PAT03. 


DOMINIE  SAMPSON. 


fellow,  and  Inking  "pumped"  out  of 
biv  aU  about  the  Trojan  puuis,  and  the 
anival  of  Rhesus,  Diomed  smote  him 
wHh  his  falchion  on  Uie  mid-neck  and 
slev  htm.  This  is  the  subject  of  bk.  x. 
(rf  the  Itiad^  and  Uierefore  this  book  is 
called  ''Dolonia**  ("the  deeds  of 
Dokm*^  or  "  Dfilophon^a  "  ("  Dolon's 
«nider**)- 


PaO  oToaiiliv.  Bk*  triyai^  wfabtto 
VhcahsaBond  poor  DoIob. 

Bymi. /)Mi /MM.  xflL  106  (ISM). 

Ikdopatoe,  the  Sicilian  king,  who 
placed  his  son  Lucien  under  the  charge 
of  "  seven  wise  masters."  When  gro¥m 
to  man^s  Mtate,  Lucien's  step-mother 
Bude  improper  adranccs  to  him,  whidi 
be  repulsed,  and  she  accused  him  to  the 
Imig  of  insulting  her.  By  astrology  the 
prince  discovered  that  if  he  could  tide  over 
Kven  days  his  life  would  be  saved;  so 
the  wise  masters  amused  the  king  with 
seren  tales,  and  the  king  relented.  The 
prinoe  himself  then  told  a  tale  which 
embodied  his  own  history ;  the  eyes  of  the 
kiag  were  opened,  and  the  queen  was  con* 
demned  to  death. — Scandabctr'B  Fjctrabtea 
(F>vDch  vovion). 

Dombev  (Mr.),  a  purse-proud,  self- 
contained  London  merchant,  living  in 
Portland  PlaoCj  Bryanstone  Square,  with 
iiiees  in  the  City. '  His  god  was  wealth; 
sad  his  one  ambition  was  to  have  a  son, 
that  the  firm  might  be  known  as  "  Dom- 
bey  sod  Son."  When  Paul  was  bom, 
his  ambition  was  attained,  his  whole 
heart  was  in  the  boy,  and  the  loss  of  the 
mother  was  but  a  small  matter.  The 
boy's  death  turned  his  heart  to  stone, 
and  be  treated  his  daughter  Florpnce  not 
only  with  utter  indifference,  but  as  an 
actual  interloper.  Mr.  Dombey  married 
a  second  time^  but  his  wife  eloped  with 
bis  manager,  James  Carker,  and  the  proud 
spirit  of  ue  merchant  was  brou^t  low. 

Paul  Ikmbey,  son  of  Mr.  Dombey;  a 
deftrate,    sensitive  little  boy,  ouite  un- 

Sjual  to  the  great  things  expectea  of  him. 
tt  was  sent  to  Dr.  Bumber's  school,  hvX 
soon  gave  way  under  the  strain  of  school 
discipline.  In  his  short  life  he  won  the 
lore  of  all  who  knew  him,  and  his  sister 
Florence  was  especially  attached  to  him. 
His  death  is  beautifully  told.  During  his 
last  days  he  was  haunted  bv  the  sea,  and 
was  always  wondering  wLat  the  wild 
waves  were  sayih^ . 

Floremoe  Dombey^  Mr.  Dombe3r*s 
daughter;  a  pret^,  amiable,  mother- 
lesc  child,  who  incurred  her  fiuher's 
batnd  because  she    lived    and   thrived 


while  her  younger  brothei  Paul  dwindled 
and  died.  Florence  hungered  to  Im 
loved,  but  her  father  had  no  love  to 
bestow  on  her.  She  married  Walter  Ga^, 
ai^  when  Mr.  Dombey  was  broken  in 
spirit  b^  the  elopement  of  his  second 
wife,  his  grandchildren  were  the  solace 
of  his  old  age. — C.  Dickens,  Dombey  and 
8(m  (1846). 

DonL-Daniel  ori^naUy  meant  a 
public  school  for  magic,  established  at 
Tunis ;  but  what  is  generally  understood 
by  the  word  is  that  immense  establish- 
ment, near  Tunis,  under  the  "roots  of 
the  ocean,"  establi^ed  by  Hal-il-Mau'- 
graby,  and  completed  by  his  son.  There 
were  fbur  entrances  to  it,  each  of  which  had 
a  staircase  of  4000  steps :  and  magicians, 
gnomes,  and  sorcerers  oil  every  sort  were 
expected  to  do  homage  there  at  least 
once  a  year  to  ZatanaT  [Satan].  Dom- 
Daniel  was  utterly  destroyed  by  prince 
Habed-il-Rouman,  son  of  the  odiph  of 
Syria. — ContinuaHon  of  the  Arabicm  Night$ 
("  History  of  Maugraby  "). 

Southey  has  mi^e  the  destruction  of 
Dom-Daniel  the  subject  of  his  Thalabck— 
in  fact,  Thalaba  takes  the  office  of 
Habed-il-Rouman ;  but  the  general  inci- 
dents of  the  two  tales  have  no  other 
resemblance  to  each  other. 

Domestio  Poultry,  in  Dryden's 
Hind  and  Panther^  mean  the  Koman 
(Catholic  clergy  ;  so  called  from  an  estab- 
lishment of  priests  in  the  private  diapel  of 
Whitehall.  The  nuns  are  termed  "  sister 
parUet  with  the  hooded  head  "  (1687). 

Dominiok,  the  "  Spanish  fryar,"  a 
kind  of  ecclesiastical  Falstaff.  A  most 
immoral,  licentious  dominican,  who  for 
monev  would  prostitute  even  the  Church 
and  Hol^  Scnptures.  Dominick  helped 
liorenzo  in  his  amour  vrith  £lvi'ra  the 
wife  of  Gomez. 

B«  It  •  hose.  bt.  nllslow  fentiemaii  .  .  .  bfe  cnoooh 
to  be  a  pop*.  UlagilbareMnMjrMmturkty-cock'i.  His 
Uff  beOjr  valks  In  itate  bcfora  him. like*  barblnter ;  and 
Uft  (oa^  tap  eooM  Umpliif  after  It.  Never  wm  aich  a 
tan  of  devoUoD  aeeii.--I}T)rden.  TA«  SpanUh  rrfttr,  U.  S 

Domlne  Btekan  (corruption  of 
Dominua  tecumj  "the  Lord  be  witn  thee*'). 
A  witch,  bein^  asked  how  she  contrived  to 
kill  all  the  children  of  a  certain  family  in 
infancy,  replied,  "  Easily  enough.  When 
the  infant  sneezes,  nobody  says  *  Domine 
stekan,'  and  then  1  become  mistress  of 
the  child."— Rev.  W.  Webster,  Basque 
Legends,  73  (1877). 

Dominie  Sampson ;  his  Christian 
name  is  Abel.    He  is  the  tutor  at  £l]an- 


D0B«TN1QUE. 


f64 


DOKICA. 


gowan  House,  very  poor,  very  modett, 
and  crammed  with  LatiB  oaotations.  His 
conitent  exclamation  is  **  Prodigioue  !  ** 

Dominie  Sunpaon  Is  •  poor,  nodoit.  bunib!*  sebokr, 
wko  had  won  bii  wajr  tbrui^  the  clMiics,  but  btHen  t» 
tfas  Immtad  in  Um  va»«ge  of  UiB.-«lr  W.  Hcott.  «ai|r 
Manmmrinp  (ttme,  G«oi%c  11.). 

J>om'inique  (8  «y/.)i  the  gossiping 
old  footman  of  the  Fnnvals,  who  fancies 
himself  quite  fit  to  keep  a  secret.  He  is, 
however,  a  really  faithful  retainer  of  the 
famihr.— Tfa.  Holcroft,  The  Leaf  ami 
D«m5(1786). 

Domitian  a  Marksman.  The 
emperor  Domitian  was  so  cunning  a 
marksman,  that  if  a  bo^  nt  a  good 
distance  off  held  up  his  hand  and 
stretched  his  fingers  abroad,  he  could 
shoot  through  the  spaces  without  touch- 
ing the  gov's  hand  or  any  one  of  his 
fingers.  (See  Tbul,  for  many  similar 
marksmen.) — Peacham,  Complete  Gentle- 
man  (1627). 

Domisia^  a  aoble  lady  of  Flofence, 
greatly  embittered  against  the  republic 
for  its  base  ingratitude  to  fa«r  two  brotiier^ 
Pondo  and  Berto,  wfaoae  death  die  hoped 
4o  revonge. 


I  am  •  dMiiMer  of  tke ' 
•taiar  of  PoniD  and  B«to  botli  .  .  . 
I  luMW  tlwt  FloroMB.  that  oooU  doqbt  Uiclr«Ma^ 
MotaMibnilitraitaitnuisefli;  boUbignack 
Itowaid  fcom  tbw,  nawt  boldjiadlc  Mt  lawaid.  __ 
BobC  Diwiiln(( 


Don  AlphonsOf  ton  of  a  rich  banker. 
In  love  with  Victoria,  the  dMighter  of  don 
Scipio ;  but  Victoria  marries  don  Fer- 
nando. Lorenza,  who  went  by  the  name 
of  Victoria  for  a  Ume,  and  is  the  person 
don  Alphonso  meant  to  marnr,  espouses 
don  Oesar.— O'Keefe,  Castle  of  Andalusia. 

*«*  For  other  dons,  see  under  the  sur- 
name. 

Donacha  dhu  na  Dunaigh,  the 
Highland  robber  near  Roseneath. — SirW. 
Scott,  Heart  of  MifUothiam  (time,  Geoige 

■1.^. 

Donald,  the  Scotch  steward  of  Mr. 
Mordent.  Honest,  plain-spoken,  faith- 
ful, and  unflinching  in  his  du^. — Hol- 
croft.  The  Deserted  Daughter  (altered 
into  The  Stetoard), 

Donald^  an  old  domestie  of  If acAnlay, 
the  Highland  chief.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Legend 
of  Montroee  (time,  Charles  I.). 

Donald  of  the  Hammer,  ton  of 
the  laird  of  Invemahyle  of  the  West 
Highlands  of  Scotland.  When  Green 
Gofin  assassinated  the  laird  and  his  house- 
Su»ld,  the  infant  Deoala  was  saved  by  his 


foster-nurse,  and  afterwards  brought  op 
by  htf  husband,  a  blacksmith.  He  bc^ 
came  so  strong  that  he  could  work  for 
hours  with  two  fore-hammers,  one  in  e%di 
hand,  and  was  therefore  called  Donuilmtm 
Ord,  When  he  was  21  he  marched  witii 
a  few  adherents  Sjgainst  Green  Colin,  and 
slew  him,  bv  which  means  ht  recovered 
his  paternal  Inheritance. 


Donald  «r  th*  nilUv.  tfaa  **  SM  «r  the 
Filkd  the  baaksof  Lodiawe  vltli  monrnli^  and 
Qaotod  b7 ilr  Walter  Soott In  fW«i«r«( 

Dcmar,  saae  m  Thor.  the  god  of 
thunder  among  the  ancient  Teutons. 

Donation  of  Pepin.  When  Ftspui 
conquered  Ataulf  (Adotjphus),  the  ex- 
archate oi  Bavenna  fell  into  his  handa^ 
Pepin  gave  the  pope  both  the  ex-«rdMt^ 
and  tne  lepublic  of  Rome;  and  thi« 
munificent  gift  is  the  world-famous 
**  Donation  of  Penin,**  on  which  rested 
the  whole  fabric  of  the  tempocal  power  of 
the  popes  (a.d.  755).  Victor  EmmanneL 
king  of  Italy,  dispossessed  the  pope  of 
his  temporal  sovereignty,  and  addea  thu 
papal  states  to  the  united  kingdom  of 
Italy,  over  which  he  reigned  (18/0). 


DcMidasoh',  an  Oriental  giant, 
tompocary  with  Seth,  to  whoee  service  he 
was  attached.  He  needed  no  weapoB% 
because  he  could  destroy  anything  l^'  hm 
muscular  force. 

Don'ogild  (8  syL),  the  wicked  mother 
of  Alia  king  of  Northumberland.  Hating 
Custance  because  she  was  ^  Christian, 
Doncgild  set  her  adrift  with  her  infant 
son.  ^Vhen  Alia  returned  from  Scotland, 
and  discovered  this  act  of  cruelty,  he  pot 
his  mother  to  death ;  then  going  to  Rome 
on  a  pilgrimage,  met  his  wife  and  child, 
who  nad  been  brou^t  there  a  little  time 
previously. — Chaucer,  Canterimry  TaU9 
(»*  The  Man  of  Uw's  Talc,"  1388). 

Don'et,  the  first  giamotar  pot  into 
the  hands  of  scholan.  It  was  that  of 
Dona'tus  the  grammarian,  who  teogfat 
in  Rome  in  the  fourth  century,  and  wne 
the  preceptor  of  St.  Jerome.  Vfhsm 
^*Gnumde  Amour"  was  sent  to  stndy 
under  lady  Gramer,  she  taught  him,  aa 
he  says: 


8.  HaWM.  The  PmtUmt  ^f  Ftmm^  i.  (tima.  Uaujr  VILl. 

Doni'ca,  only  chil^  of  the  lord  of 
ArHrinlow  (an  elderiy  man).  Tomur 
Eb'erhaid  loved  her,  and  the  FinnisK 
maiden  was  betrothed  to  him.  Walking 
one  evening  by  the  lake,  Doaica  heard 


DONKERHUGEL. 


966 


DORAX. 


&e  soand  of  tlic  deaUi-«pectre,  and  foil 
iifelen  in  the  amu  <rf  her  lover.  Presently 
the  dead  maiden  received  a  lupeniataru 
vitality,  but  her  cheeks  were  wan,  her 
lips  livid,  her  eyes  lostrelees,  and  her 
lap-dog  howled  when  it  saw  her.  Eber- 
hard  still  resolved  to  marry  her,  and  to 
chiuch  they  went;  but  when  he  took 
Dooka'e  lumd  into  his  own  it  was  cold 
and  clammy,  the  demon  fled  from  her, 
and  tiK  body  dropped  a  corpse  at  the  feet 
«f  tiha  bridegroom* — R.  Soutbey,  Domoa 
(a  Finnic  ballad). 

Doonefrkii'gel  (Bmhtpk),  one  of  the 
SwiM  dmties  to  Charles  "the  Bold," 
dake  of  Burgundy.  Ue  is  cousin  of  the 
sons  of  Arnold  Biedenoan  the  landam- 
man  of  UaCerwalden  (o/mu  count  Arnold 
of  Goerstein). 

Theodore  JDotMerhugel,  uncle  of  Ru- 
dolph. He  was  paffe  to  the  former  baron 
of  Ambeim  {^Arn^ime], — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Anne  of  Oeierttem  (time,  Edward  lY.). 

I>(/By,  Floriaid*s  dwaif. —  Spenser, 
iUry  i^vn,  iiL  6  and  ir.  2  (1690, 1696). 

Bonael  del  Felx)  (El),  the  knidht 
^tAtf  stfR,  a  Spanish  romance  in  The 
mirror  of  Knighthood,  He  was  "most 
•xceDenti^  fair,"  and  a  *'  great  wanderer ;  ** 
henoe  he  is  alluded  to  as  **  that  wander- 
ing knight  so  ^ir.** 

Doolin  of  ICayenoe  (2  eyl,)^  the 
hero  and  tiUe  of  an  old  French  romance 
flf  diividry.  He  was  ancestor  of  Osier 
the  Dane.  Hia  sword  was  called  ifar- 
("wottdoful**)- 


DooxQsdasr  SecU^wldk,  William 
Sedgwick,  a  ranatical  "  prophet  **  during 
tile  Commonwealth.  He  pretended  that 
the  tnae  of  doomsday  had  been  revealed 
to  him  in  a  vision ;  and,  going  into  the 
gatden  of  air  Fnancis  RuseeU,  he  denounced 
a  party  of  gentlemen  playing  at  bowls. 
■ad  bade  uera  prepare  for  the  day  of 
doom,  wfakh  was  at  nand. 

Doorm,  an  earl  who  tried  to  make 
Enid  his  handmaid,  and  "  smote  her  on 
the  dieek  **  because  she  would  not  wel- 
come him.  Whereupon  her  husband, 
count  Geraint,  started  up  and  slew 
die  "russet-bearded  earU^^-Tennyson, 
jy^  (^  Otf  .ffNV  (*<  Enid  **). 

I>oor-Opener  {The),  Orates,  the 
Theban :  so  called  because  he  used  to  go 
round  Athens  early  of  a  morning,  and 
revoke  die  people  for  their  late  rising. 

Itea  [Spenlow],  a  pretty,  warm- 


hearted little  doll  of  a  woman,  with  no 
pfactical  views  of  the  duties  of  life  or  the 
value  of  money.  She  was  the  "child- 
wife  '*  of  David  Copperfield,  and  lo\'ed  to 
sit  by  him  and  hold  hit  pens  while  he 
wrote.  She  died,  and  David  then  mar- 
ried Agnes  Wickfield.  Dora's  great  pet 
was  a  dog  called  "Jip,**  which  died  at  the 
same  time  as  its  mistress.— 0.  Dickens, 
David  Copperfield  (1849). 

Dora'do  {El)^  a  land  of  exhaustless 
weaHh ;  a  golden  illusion.  Orella'na, 
lieutenant  of  Pizarro,  asserted  that  he  had 
discovered  a  **  gold  country  **  between  the 
Orino'co  and  the  Am'azon,  in  South 
America.  SirWalter  Raleigh  twice  visited 
Gnia'na  as  the  spot  indicated,  and  pub- 
lished highly  coloured  accounts  of  its 
enormous  w«dth. 

Dorali'oe  (4  «y/.),  a  htdy  beloved  bj 
Rodomont,  but  who  married  Mandn- 
cardo.— Ariosto,  Orlando  Ftuioso  (1616). 

Dor'alifl,  the  lady-love  of  Rodomont 
ling  of  Saxza  or  Alpers,  She  eloped 
with  Mandricardo  king  of  Tartary. — 
Boiardo,  Orlando  Jnnamorato  (1496) ;  and 
ArMMto,  Orlando  Furioao  (1616). 

Dorante  (2  sv/.)i  a  name  introduced 
into  three  of  Molibrc's  comedies.  In  Lee 
F&cheux  he  is  a  courtier  devoted  to  the 
chase  ( 1661 ).  In  La  Critique  de  Vicole  dee 
Femmee  he  is  a  ehevalier  (1662).  InLe 
Bomrgeoie  OeHtU/tomme  he  is  a  count  in 
love  with  the  marchicmess  Dorimbne 
(1670). 

Doras'tus  andFatmia,theheroand 

heroine  of  a  popular  romance  by  Robert 

Greene,  published  in  1688.  under  the  title 

of  Pandoeto  and  the  Tmtmph  of  Tone. 

On  this  ** history**  Shakespeare  founded 

his  Wmter'e  Tale, 

Wlqr,  ilr  WiniMii,  it  b s  roinaiie«.a  nord.  a  plwnttr 
Uftocy  bf  half  awn  tb«  lovw  of  DofMtui  aad  raonla.— 
b.  Blekantair.  Lom  in  a  r  01099,  UL 1. 

Doraa^  the  assumed  name  of  don 
Alonzo  01  Alcazar,  when  he  deserted 
Sebastian  king  of  Portugal,  turned  rene- 
gade, and  joined  the  emperor  of  Barbary. 
The  cause  of  his  desertion  was  that  Sebas- 
tian gave  toHenri'quez  the  lady  betrothed 
to  Alonzo.  Her  name  was  Violante 
(4  eyl.).  The  quarrel  between  Sebastian 
and  Dorax  is  a  masterly  copy  of  the 
quarrel  and  reconciliation  between  Brutus 
and  Cassiusin  Shakespeare's  Juliue  Ctesar, 


Uk9"J>onx 
imUiiic  baart." 


In  th«  ^^.  I  wbuilttal,  "Uiarwtth* 
W.  8oott> 


This  quotation  is  not  exact.    It  occurs 
in   the   "quarrel."    Sebastian   aaya   to 


DORCAS. 


DORMER. 


Domx,  "CJonfcBS,  proud  spirit,  that 
better  he  lffenriquez]dtaerved  my  love 
than  thou.**    To  thia  Dorax  replies : 

I  roust  grant, 
Ym,  I  most  grant,  but  with  n  rrelUnc  Mtol. 
Hrnrlques  bad  your  love  with  more  deaert ; 
For  lou  be  foui^t  and  died ;  1  fougbt  againit  jroo. 
DiaytOD.  Dan  aebmnian  (IdM). 

DoroaB,  servant  to  souire  Ingoldsby. 
Sir  W.  Scott,  BedgawitM  (time,  George 

III.). 

Dorca$t  an  old  domestic  at  Cnmnor 
Place.— A'eniftcor/A  (time,  Elisabeth). 

Dorcas  Society,  a  society  for  sup- 
plying the  poor  with  clothing ;  so  called 
from  Dorcas,  who  *'  made  clothes  for  the 
poor,"  mentioned  in  Acts  ix.  39. 

Doria  D'Istria,  a  pseudonym  of  the 
princess  Koltzoflf-Massalskv,  a  Wol- 
lachian  authoress  (1829-       ). 

Doric  Iiaady  Greece,  of  which  Doris 
was  a  part. 

ThroT  an  the  bonndt 
Of  Doric  land. 

MUlton,  FamdiM  Lott,  I  619  (1868). 

Doric  Heed,  pastoral  poetry,  simple 
and  unomamented  poetry ;  so  called  because 
everything  Doric  was  remarkable  for  its 
chaste  simplicity. 

Doricourt,  the  fianc^  of  Letitia 
Hardy.  A  man  of  the  world  and  the 
rage  of  the  London  season,  he  is,  how- 
ever, both  a  gentleman  and  a  man  of 
honour.  He  had  made  the  **  grand  tour," 
and  considered  English  beauties  insipid. 
—Mrs.  Cowley,  The  Belle's  Stratagem 
(1780). 

Montague  Talbot  PT^^USlJi 
He  reigni  o'ercomedy  nipreme  .  .  . 
None  kbow  for  light  and  airy  aport* 
So  exquUte  a  Dorloourt 

CroRon  Croker. 

Do'ridon,  a  lovely  swain,  nature's 
'^chiefest  work,"  more  beautiful  than 
Narcissus,  Ganimede.  or  Adonis. — ^Wm. 
Browne,  Britannia's  Pastorals  (1618). 

Do'rigren^  a  lady  of  hirfi  familv,  who 
married  Arvir'agus  out  of  pity  for  his 
love  and  meekness.  Aurelius  sought  to 
entice  her  away^  but  she  said  she  would 
never  listen  to  his  suit  till  on  the  British 
coast  **  there  n'is  no  stone  y-seen."  Au- 
relius by  magic  caused  all  the  stones  to 
disappear,  and  when  Dorigen  went  and 
said  that  her  husband  insisted  on  her 
keeping  her  word,  Aurelius,  seeing  her 
dejection,  replied,  he  would  sooner  die 
than  injure  so  true  a  wife  and  noble  a 
gentleman. — Chaucer,  Canterbury  Tales 
("The  Franklin's  Tale,"  1388). 


(This  is  substantially  the  same  as  Boc- 
caccio's tale  of  Dianora  and  OilbertOf 
X.  6.    See  Dianora.) 

Dor'imant,  a  genteel,  witty  li  oertme. 
The  original  of  this  character  was  the  earl 
of  Rochester.— G.  Etherege,  The  Man  of 
Mode  or  Sir  Fopling  Huiter  (1676). 

Tlie  Dorimaoto  and  the  lad/  Toudnroodi.  la  their  ova 
■pbflf«,do  not  offeod  my  moral  Miuae ;  in  fad,  tlugr  donot 
appeal  to  it  alL— C.  Lamb. 

(The  "lady  Touchwood"  in  Con^v^'s 
Double  Deafer,  not  the  "lady  1? rands 
Touchwood"  in  Mrs.  Cowley's  BaU^s 
Stratagem,  which  is  quite  another  cha- 
racter.) 

Dor'imene  (8  «y/.),  daughter  of  Al- 
cantor,  beloved  by  Sganarelle  (3  «y/.)  and 
Lycaste  (2  syl.).  She  loved  "  le  jeu,  les 
visites,  les  assemblt^  les  cad^^iix,  et  Ics 

Sromenades,  en  un  mot  toutes  le  choses 
e  plaisir,"  and  wished  to  marry  to  ^ 
free  from  the  trammels  of  her  home,  bhe 
says  to  Sganarelle  (a  man  of  68),  whom 
she  promises  to  marry,  "Nous  n'anrons 
jamais  ancun  ddmdl^  ensemble ;  et  je  ne 
vous  contraindrai  point  dans  vos  actions, 
comme  j'espbre  que  vous  ne  me  contrain- 
drez  point  dans  les  mienne." — Molibre, 
Le  Mariivie  /brof  (1664). 

(She  had  been  introduced  previonaly  a« 
the  wife  of  Sganarelle,  in  the  comedy  of 
Le  Cocu  Imaginaire^  1660.) 

Dormene^  the  marchioness,  in  the  Bamr^ 
geois  Gentilhomme,  by  Molibre  (1670). 

Dorin'da,  the  charming  dau^^fater  of 
lady  Bountiful;  in  love  with  AimwelL 
She  was  sprightly  and  light-hearted,  but 
good  and  virtuous  also. — George  Far- 
quhar.  The  Beaux*  Stratagem  (1707). 

Dorine'  (2  sy/.),  attendant  of  Mariane 
(daughter  of  Orcon).  She  ridicules  the 
folly  of  the  family,  but  serves  it  faith- 
fuUy.— MoUbre,  Le  Tartuffe  (1664). 

D*Onne'o,  prime  minister  of  Victor 
Amade'us  (4  »(//.),  and  also  of  his  son  and 
successor  Charles  Emmanuel  king  of  Sar- 
dinia. He  took  his  colour  from  the  king 
be  served:  hence  under  the  tortuous, 
deceitful  Victor,  his  policy  was  marked 
with  crude  rascality  and  duplicity ;  but 
under  the  truthful,  single-minded  Charles 
Bmrnannel,  he  became  straightforward  and 
honest.— R.  Browning,  King  Victor  and 
King  Charles^  etc. 

Dormer  {Captain) ^  benevolent,  truth- 
ful, and  courageous,  candid  and  warm- 
hearted. He  was  engaged  to  Louisa 
Travers  \  but  the  Indy  was  (old  that  he 


DORMEB. 


267 


DORMLLON. 


fklse  and  had  married   another,  so 
■be  nre  her  hand  to  lord  Davenant. 

mriaitme  Dormer^  sister  of  the  cap- 
tam.  She  married  lord  Davenant,  who 
called  himself  Mr.  Brooke ;  hut  he  forsook 
her  in  Qaw  months,  giving  out  that  he 
vas  dead*  Marianne,  supposing  herself 
to  be  a  widow,  married  his  lordsmp*s  son. 
— Cnmbexlandy  The  Mysterkms  Jatuband 
(178S). 


_  '  (Caroime),  the  orphan  dan^^ter 

of  a  London  merchant,  who  was  once  verr 
wealthy,  but  became  bankrupt  and  died, 
learing  his  daughter  £200  a  year.  This 
annuity,  however,  she  loses  throu^  the 
knaveiy  of  her  man  of  business.  When 
reduced  to  penury,  her  old  lover,  Henry 
Moiiutd  (supposed  to  have  perished  at 
tea),  makes  his  appearance  sind  marries 
her,  by  which  she  becomes  the  lady 
Duberiy.^-O.  Colman,  The  Betr-at-Law 
(1797). 

Domtom  (J''**))  *  fS'^^  banker,  who 

adores  his  son  Hany.    He  tries  to  be 

i4em    with    him    when    he    sees    him 

going  the  road  to  ruin,  but  is  melted  by 

a  kind  word. 

Jfndaa  (ITn-IOH  «m  Um  orfRbnl 
of  **  OU  Darnton"  and  •  r 


—Mi 

Bony  Dwrntcm,  son  of  the  above.  A 
noUe-Marted  fellow,  spoilt  by  over- 
indulgence. He  becomes  a  regular  rake, 
loses  money  at  Newmarket,  and  goes 
Doet-speed  the  road  to  ruin,  led  on  by 
Jack  ifitford.  So  great  is  his  extrava- 
ganee,  that  his  fither  becomes  a  bankrupt ; 
out  Sulky  (his  partner  in  the  bank)  comes 
to  the  lescne.  Harry  marries  Sophia 
Predove,  and  both  father  and  son  are 
sar^  from  ruin. — Holcroft,  The' Mood  to 
£mm  (1792). 

Dorober'nia^  Cantoibury. 

IXyrotlie'a,  of  Andalusi'a,  daughter 
of  Cleonardo  (an  opulent  vanal  \>i  the 
duke  Ricardo).  She  was  married  to  don 
Fernando,  the  duke*s  younger  son,  who 
deserted  her  for  LucinM  (the  daughter  of 
an  opnlcnt  gentleman),  engaged  to  Car- 
denio,  her  equal  in  rank  and  fortune. 
When  the  wedding  day  arrived,  Lucinda 
fen  into  a  swoon,  a  letter  informed  the 
bridegroom  that  she  was  already  married 
to  Cardenio^  and  next  day  she  took 
refuge  in  a  convent.  Dorothea  also  left 
her  home,  dressed  in  boy*s  clothes,  and 
concealed  herself  in  the  Sierra  Morena  or 
Brown  Mountain.  Now,  it  so  happened 
tftat  Dorothea,  Cardenio,  and  don  Qmxote*s 
piity  happened  to  be  staying  at  the  Cres- 


cent inn,  and  don  Fernando,  who  had 
abducted  Lucinda  from  the  convent, 
halted  at  tiie  same  place.  Here  he  found 
his  wife  Dorothea,  and  Lucinda  her 
husband  Cardenio.  All  these  misfortones 
thus  came  to  an  end,  and  the  parties  mated 
with  their  respective  spouses. — Cervantes, 
Von  Qmxote,!.  iv.  (1605). 

Zhroth^a,  sister  of  Mons.  Thomas. — 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  ifofis.  Thcmae 
(1619). 

DcrGthefOj  the  "virgin  martyr,**  at- 
tended by  Angelo,  an  angel  in  the 
semblance  of  a  page,  first  presented  to 
Dorothea  as  a  beggar-boy,  to  whom  she 

Shve alms. — PhilipMassinger,  The  Yirgm 
artyr  (1622). 

Dorothea,  the  heroine  of  (}oethe*8poem 
entitled  Jfermcum  and  Dorothea  (1797). 

Dor'otlieus  (8  w/.),  the  man  whe 
spent  all  his  life  in  endeavouring  to  eluci- 
diato  the  meaning  of  one  single  word  in 
Homer. 

Dor'otliy  {Old),  the  housekeeper  of 
Simon  Glover  ana  his  daughter  "the 
fiur  maid  of  Perth.**— Sir  W.  Scott,  Fair 
Maid  of  Perth  (time,  Henry  FV.). 

Dor'othy,  charwoman  of  Old  Trapbois 
the  miser  and  his  daughter  Martha.— Sir 
W.  Scott,  Fortunee  <^  Nigel  (time, 
James  L). 

Dorrillon  (Sir  William),  a  rich 
Indian  merdiant  and  a  widower.  He  had 
one  daughter,  placed  under  the  care  of 
Mr.  and  Miss  Norberry.  When  this 
daughter  (Maria)  was  grown  to  woman- 
hood, sir  William  retomed  to  ^gland, 
and  wishing  to  learn  the  character  of 
Mariik  presented  himself  under  the  as- 
sumed name  of  Mr.  Mandred.  He  found 
his  daughter  a  fashionable  young  Udy, 
fond  of  pleasure,  dress,  and  plaV}  but 
affectionate  and  good-hearted.  He  was 
enabled  to  extricate  her  from  some  money 
difficulties,  won  her  heart,  revealed  him- 
self as  her  father,  and  reclaimed  her. 

Jfitt  fiforid]  Dorrillon,  daughter  of 
sir  William ;  gay,  fii^ionable,  light- 
hearted,  highly  accomplished,  and  very 
beautiful.  "Brought  up  without  a 
mother's  care  or  iather*s  caution,**  she 
had  some-  excuse  for  her  waywardness 
and  frivolity.  Sir  George  Evelyn  was 
her  admirer,  whom  for  a  time  she  teased 
to  the  verv  top  of  her  bent ;  then  she 
married,  loved,  and  reformed. — Mrs. 
Inchbald.  Wives  as  they  Were  and  Maide 
as  they  Are  (1797). 


D'OSBORN. 


DOUGLAS. 


D'Osbom  (Cbim^>,  governor  of  the 
Giant's  Mount  Foitress.  The  countess 
Marie  consented  to  marry  him,  because  he 

Sromised  to  obtain  the  acquittal  of  Ernest 
e  Fridberff  (**  Ae  State  prisoner'*)  ;  but 
he  never  kept  his  promise.  It  was  by 
this  man's  treachery  that  Ernest  was  a 
prisoner,  for  he  kept  back  the  evidence  of 

fencral  Bavois,  declaring  him  innocent. 
U  next  employed  persons  to  strai^le 
him,  but  his  attempt  was  thwarted.  His 
viUainv  being  brought  to  light,  he  was 
ordered  l^  the  king  to  execution. — ^E. 
Stirling,  Tkg  Siai4  Primmer  (1847). 

Do'son,  a  promise>maker  and  pro- 
mise-breaker. Antig'onos  (grandson  of 
Demetrioe  the  besieger)  was  so  called. 

Dot.    (See  Pkrbtbimolb.) 

!DotheboyB  Hall«  a  Yorkshire 
school,  where  boys  were  taken-in  and 
done-for  by  Mr.  Sqnecrs,  an  arrogant 
conceited,  puffing,  overbearing,  and 
Sgnoant  schoolmaster,  who  fleeced,  beat, 
and  starved  the  boys,  but  taught  tiiem 
nothing.— C  Dickens,  Nicholae  NidiUby 
(1888). 


llw  oflslMl  or  DothdMqri  RaB  imfll  In  m^Ubmtm  at 
BimtB,  taunt  ftfe  mllM  (hm  BMnard  CteOe.  The  Kln^i 
Head  Inn  s(  ilMiMtd  OmUt  Is  ipolwa  of  In  jndkokm 
jneUebm  tnr   Newman    MofB.— iTotat    €tmd    QutHm, 

Doto,  KjbS,  and  19'eri'n^,  the 
three  no^ds  who  guarded  the  fleet  of 
Vasco  da  Gama.  When  the  treacherous 
pilot  hod  run  the  ship  in  which  Vasco 
was  sailing  on  a  sunken  rock,  these  sea- 
nymphs  lilted  up  the  prow  and  turned  it 
round. — Camoeous,  Lusiad,  ii.  (1669). 

Douban,  the  physician,  cured  a 
Greek  king  of  leprosy  by  some  drug  eon- 
oealed  in  a  racket  handle.  The  king  gave 
Douban  such  great  rewards  that  the  envy 
of  his  nobles  was  excited,  and  his  vizier 
imggested  tiiat  a  man  like  Doubosi  was 
ver>'  dangerous  to  foe  uewr  the  thnne. 
Hie  fears  of  the  weak  king  being  aroused, 
he  ordered  Douban  to  be  put  to  death. 
When  the  f^ystcian  saw  there  was  do 
remedy,  he  gave  the  king  a  book,  saying, 
«*On  the  aixth  leaf  the  kmg  will  And 
something  affecting  his  life."  The  kin|j^, 
finding  ue  leaves  stick,  moistened  m§ 
finder  with  his  mouth,  and  by  so  doing 

Kisoned  himself.  *  *  Tyrant ! "  exclaimed 
mban,  "  those  who  abuse  their  power 
morit  death."— itro^idn  NightB  (**The 
Greek  King  and  the  Physician  "). 

i>0M6ait,  physician  of  the  emperor 
Alexius.— Sur  W.  Scott,  Count  Bobcrt  of 
Parii  (time,  Rnfus). 


Double  Dealer  {The).  «T1ie 
double  dealer"  is  Maskwell,  who  pre- 
tends love  to  lady  Touchwood  and  friend- 
ship to  Mellefont  (2  sy^,)y  in  order  to 
betoay  them  b(^.  The  o^er  characters 
of  the  comedy  also  deal  doubly  t  Thus 
lady  Froth  {xetends  to  love  her  husband, 
but  coquets  with  Me.  Brisk ;  and  lady 
Pliant  pretends  to  be  chaste  as  Diaoa, 
but  has  a  liaison  with  Otreless.  On  the 
other  hand.  Brisk  pretends  to  entertain 
friendship  for  lord  Froth,  but  makes  lo^e 
to  his  wile ;  and  Ned  Careless  pretends  to 
respect  and  honour  lord  Pliant,  but  bam- 
boozles him  in  a  similar  way. — ^W.  Gon- 
greve  (1700). 

Double-headed  Mount  (7%^)> 
Pttmassus,  in  Greece ;  so  caUsd  from  its 
two  chief  summits,  TithSr6o  and  LyoorC*. 

Double  liines  (in  Lloyd's  books),  a 
technical  word  for  losses  and  accidents. 

On*  moraine  the  aDbMriban  ware  icadinf  the  "SonMa 
lhni.''aMl  MMM^tba  loMaawacUia  total  waack  of  chk 
Uandcal  Mp.—Wd  amd  Nmt  lomdan,  L  BIS. 

DoubleflM  (Oid  Jacch)^  a  money- 
lender, who  accommodates  the  duke  of 
Buckingham  with  loans. — Sir  W.  8oott» 
Peveril  of  the  Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Doubting  Castle,  the  castle  of 
eiant  Despair,  into  whidi  Christian  and 
Hopeful  were  ^rust,  but  from  which 
they  escaped  by  means  of  the  kev  called 
"P'romisc.'' — Bunyan,  PUgrinCB  Progress^ 
i..(1678). 

Dougalt  turnkey  at  Glasgow  Tol- 
booth,  lie  is  an  adbnent  of  Hoy  Roy. — 
Sir  W.  Seott,  Bob  Boy  <tim«,  Geoige  1.). 

Douglas,  divided  into  Jhe  Black 
Douglases  and  The  Red  Douglases. 

I.  Thk  Black  Douglasbs  (or  senior 
branch).  Each  of  these  is  called  **  The 
Black  Douglas.** 

The  Mardy,  William  de  Dooglas,  de- 
fender.of  Berwick  (died  1802). 

The  Good  sir  James,  eldest  son  of  **  The 
Hardy.'*  Friend  of  Bruce.  Killed  by  tha 
Moors  in  Spain,  1830. 

England's  Scourge  and  Scotland's  Bul^ 
Uforkf  William  DouelaSi  knight  of  Liddes- 
dale.  Taken  at  Neville's  Cross,  and 
killed  by  William  first  earl  of  Douglas, 
in  1358. 

The  Flower  of  Chindlry,  William  de 
Douglas,  natural  son  of  "The  Good  sir 
James"  (died  1384). 

James  second  earl  of  Douglas  over- 
threw Hotspur.  Died  at  Otterbum. 
1388.  This  is  the  Doughis  of  the  old 
ballad  of  Chevy  Chase. 


DOUGLA3. 


969 


DOULOUREUSE  GARDE. 


JnMcOtf  tiW  (TrAn,  Archibald  DoQgkw, 
■stQiml  mm  of  "  The  Good  niT  James " 
(died*). 

7%€  Black  Domghu.  William  lord  of 
Nithsdale  (mtiiderod  by  the  eari  of  Cltf- 
fnd,  1390). 

IWnMA  (the  loeer),  Archibald  fourth 
eail,  who  loai  the  battles  of  Homildon, 
Shrewshufj,  and  Venieiiil,  in  the  last  ef 
which  he  was  killed  (1424). 

WHUam  Douglas,  eighth  eari,  stabbed 
by  Jaaies  II.,  and  then  despatched  with  a 
battle-axe  by  sir  Patrick  Gray,  at  Stirling, 
FebTMry  13,  1452.  Sir  Walter  Scott 
aUodca  to  this  in  ne  Lady  of  tW  Lake, 

James  Douglas,  ninth  and  last  eari 
(died  1488).    With  him  the  senior  branch 


n.  Tn  Red  Douglasbs,  a  collateral 
facsncu. 

BcU-*k^Cai^  the  great  earl  of  Angus. 
He  b  introduced  by  Seott  in  Marmiom, 
llis  two  sons  fell  in  the  battle  of  Flod- 
dm  Field.    He  died  in  a  monastery,  1514. 

Archibald  Douglas,  sixth  earl  of 
Angus,  and  grandson  of  **  Bell-the-Cat.** 
Jsmes  Bo&weU,  one  of  the  family,  forms 
the  meet  interesting  part  of  Scott's  Lady 
o/tAr  Lake,  lie  was  the  grandfather  of 
Daiiiley,  husband  of  Mary  queen  of 
Scofts.    He  died  1560. 

JiBBes  Douglas,  eari  of  Morton, 
younger  brother  of  the  serenth  earl  of 
Angus.  He  took  part  in  the  murder  of 
Rbzio,  and  was  executed  by  the  instru- 
ment eaUed  **  the  maiden  **  (1530-1581). 

Hie  "  Black  DougUs,**  introduced  bj 
sir  W.  Scott  in  Qistie  Damfermu^  is 
"IbeGodsdiTr  James.**  ITuswasalsothe 
Doi^^aa  which  was  such  a  terror  to  the 
En^sh  U&at  the  women  used  to  frighten 
their  unruly  children  by  saying  they 
would  ^msJce  the  Black  Douglas  take 
tfaeou'*  He  first  appears  in  Castle  Dan- 
f/er*m$  as  "  Knipht  of  the  Tomb.**  The 
Mlomiag  imneryriiyine  refers  to  him : — 


Tbe  Blaek  IVwcW  AfaaO  not  Rrt  UiM. 
Sk  W.  Seutt.  rat-B^M  9ntm4fttth«r,  L  C 

DoaglaM^  a  tragedjr  by  J.  Home  n757). 
Toau[  Norval,  having  saved  the  life  of 
lofdRandoIfdi,  is  given  a  commission 
in  the  army.  Lady  Randolph  hears  of 
the  exploit,'and  discovers  that  the  youth 
is  her  own  son  br  her  first  husband,  lord 
Douglas.  GlenaJvoD,  who  hates  the  new 
fsrourite,  persuades  lord  Randolph  that 
Ids  wife  ia  too  Intimate  witii  the  young 
n|Mtaii,  and  die  two  surprise  them  in 
familiar   intercourse   in    a  wood.    The 


YOi^  being  attacked,  sla3f«  Glenahroc ; 
but  is  in  turn  slain  by  lord  Randolph, 
who  then  learns  that  the  yomffi^man  was 
lady  Randolph's  son.  Lady  Randolph, 
in  oistraction,  rushM  up  a  precipice  aod 
throws  herself  down  headleii^,  and  lord 
Randolph  goes  to  the  war  uiea  raging 
between  Scotland  and  Denmark. 

Douglat  (ArtjMbald  earl  of),  futher-in- 
law  of  prince  Robert,  eldest  son  at 
Robert  III.  of  Scothmd. 

Marpery  of  Douglat,  the  earVs  daughter, 
and  wife  of  prince  Robert  duke  of  Roth- 
say.  The  duke  was  betrothed  to  Eliza- 
beth daughter  of  the  earl  of  March,  but 
the  engagement  was  broken  off  by  in- 
trigue.—Sir  W.  Seott,  IkirMmd  of  Perth 
(time,  Henry  IT.). 

Douglas  (George),  nephew  of  the  re- 
gent Murray  of  Scotland,  and  grandson 
of  the  lady  of  Lochlevcn.  George  Doug- 
las was  devoted  to  Mary  queen  of  Scots. 
—Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Abbot  (time,  Eliza- 
beth). 

Douglas  and  the  Bloody  Hecurt. 
The  heart  of  Bruce  was  entrusted  to 
Doi^las  to  carry  to  Jerusalem.  Landing 
in  Spain,  he  stopped  to  aid  the  Gss- 
tilians  against  the  Moors,  and  in  the  heat 
of  battle  cast  the  '*  heart,**  enshrined  in  a 

Slden  coffer,  into  the  very  thickest  of 
i  foe,  saying,  **The  heart  or  death  I " 
On  he  dsihen,  feariess  of  dan^,  to 
regain  tibe  coffer,  but  perished  in  the 
attempt.  The  family  tiienceforth  adopted 
the  *^bloody  heart**  as  their  ann^ial 
device. 

Doug^las  Iiarder  (The).  When  the 
"  Good  sir  James'*  Douglas,  m  1306,  took 
his  castle  by  a  coup  de  main  from  the 
English,  he  caused  all  the  barrels  con- 
taining flour,  meal,  wheat,  and  malt  to 
be  knocked  in  pieces  and  their  contents 
to  be  thrown  on  the  floor ;  he  then  stavod 
in  all  the  hogsheads  d  wine  and  ale  upon 
this  mass.  To  this  he  flung  the  dead 
bodies  slain  and  some  dead  horses.  The 
English  called  this  disgustiag  mess  **  The 
Doughui  Larder.**  He  then  set  fire  to  the 
castle  and  took  refuge  in  the  hills,  fbr  he 
said  **  he  loved  fsr  better  to  hear  the  lark 
sing  than  the  mouse  cheep.** 

*«**     Wallao^s   Larder   is    a  similar 

Ehrase.  It  is  the  dungeon  of  Ardrossaa, 
1  Ayrshire,  where  Wallace  had  the  dead 
bodies  of  the  garrison  thrown,  surprised 
by  him  in  the  reign  of  Edward  I. 

Dotdoureuae  Qarde  (La),  a  castle 
in    Uerwick-upon- Tweed,    won    by   sir 


DOUSTERSWIVEU 


270 


DRAGON. 


Launcelot  du  Lac,  in  one  of  the  most 
terrific  adventures  related  in  romance. 
In  memory  of  thia  event,  the  name  of  the 
castle  was  changed  into  La  Joycuae  Oarde 
or  La  Oarde  Joyeuae. 

DoUBterswivel  {Herman)^  a  German 

schemer,  who  obtains  money  under  the 

promise  of  finding  hidden  wealth  by  a 

divining  rod.— Sir  Vf,  Scott,  The  Anti^ 

quary  (time,  George  III.)* 

Tb«  InddflDt  of  kioUns  for  trwiun  bi  (ho  charch  ii 
copied  from  one  whkh  Lilly  meiitioni.  vho  went  with 
Dark!  BanMSf  to  tearoh  for  bid  trawure  tn  Wcetmlastar 
Abbsf  .— 8ee  OU  tmd  Htm  Lomdott,  L  128. 


Dove  (I>r,)t  the  hero  of  Southey's 
novel  called  Tm  Doctor  (1834). 

Dove  (Sir  Benjamin),  of  Croplejr 
Castle,  Cornwall.  A  little,  peaking,  pul- 
ing creature,  desperatelv  hen-pecked  by  a 
second  wife;  but  madam  overshot  the 
mark,  and  the  knight  was  roused  to  assert 
and  maintain  the  mastery. 

That  very  dever  actor  Chetiy  [ITiS-lSlSl  apiMwad  In 
"  dr  RefOunhi  Dove,"  aikl  allowed  hlniMlf  a  iiMHtcr  of  hk 
proftekMu— Boaden. 

Lady  Dove,  twice  married,  first  to  Mr. 
Searcher,  king's  messenger,  and  next  to 
sir  Benjamin  Dove.  She  had  a  tendresse 
for  Mr.  Paterson.  Lady  Dove  was  a 
terrible  termagant,  and  when  scolding 
failed,  used  to  uunent  for  **  poor  dear  dead 
Searcher,  who—-,  etc,  etc."  She  pulled 
her  bow  somewhat  too  tight,  and  sir 
Benjwnin  asserted  his  independence. 

Sophia  Dove,  daughter  of  sir  Benjamin. 
She  loved  Robert  Belflold,  but  was 
engaged  to  marry  the  elder  brother  An- 
drew. When,  however,  the  wedding  day 
arrived,  Andrew  was  found  to  be  a  mar- 
ritd  man,  and  the  younger  brotiier  became 
the  bridegroom. — R.  Cumberland,  The 
Brother*  (1769). 

jyowlas  (Daniel),  a  chandler  of 
Gosport,  who  trades  in  "coals,  cloth, 
hemngs,-  linen,  candles,  eggs^  sugar, 
treacle,  tea,  and  brickdust."  llus  vu^^ 
and  illiterate  petty  shopkeeper  is  raised 
to  the  peerage  under  the  title  of  *^  llie 
Right  Hon.  Daniel  Dowlas,  baron  Du- 
berly."  But  scarcely  has  he  entered  on 
his  honours,  when  the  **  heir-at-law," 
supposed  to  have  been  lost  at  sea,  makes 
his  appearance  Ia  the  person  of  Henry 
Morland.  The  "heir"  sctUes  on  Daniel 
Dowlas  an  annuity. 

Deborah  Dowlat,  wife  of  Daniel,  and 
for  a  short  time  lady  Duberly.  She 
assumes  quite  the  airs  and  ton  of  gen- 
tility, and  tells  her  husband  "as  he  ia  a 
pear,  he  ought  to  behave  as  sieh.*' 


i» 


Dick  Dowlas,  the  son,  apprentioed  to 
attorney  at  CasUeton.  A  wild  young 
scamp,  who  can  "  shoot  wild  ducks,  flini; 
a  bar,  play  at  cricket,  make  punch,  catch 
gudgeons,  and  dance."  His  mother  says, 
"  he  is  the  sweetest-tempered  youth  when 
he  has  everything  his  own  way."  Dick 
Dowlas  falls  in  love  with  Cicely  Home- 
spun, and  marries  her. — G.  Colman,  Heir- 
at-law  (1797). 


Popeaal 

bebbick 


adwdneabovt  thedreiii    I 


rtwuldbefehdihnmhaieen.  . .  "  I  proved  to  her  that  sot 
only  "  Deboiah  Dowlas,"  Imt  all  the  reet  of  the  ermmatis 
pmmmm  ought  to  be  In  moumins.  .  .  .  The  three  **  Dow> 
hees"aardathrMortbedeeeaaedIonl  Dubecfy;  "Heofy 
Moriand"atthohelr«t*lawi  "Dr.  Pai«l«ai"MaclMiy. 
nian."OnroUBe  DoraMr"fior  the  loHof  herlathar.  nod 
"Kenrtok"  as  a  Mrraot  of  the  Donnar  family,  lamas 
ftnlth. 

Dowlas  (Old  Dame),  housekeeper  to 
the  duke  of  Buckingham.— Sir  W.  Scoit, 
Peveril  of  the  PmA  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Doweling  ^OaqOain),  a  great  drunkard, 
who  diesinlus  oaps. — Cmbbe,  Borough^ 
xvL  (1810). 

Downer  (BUly),  an  occasional  porter 
and  shoeblack,  a  diffuser  of  knowledge, 
a  philosopher,  a  citizen  of  the  world,  and 
an  "unfinished  gentleman." — C.  Selby, 
The  Unfinished  (Tentleman, 

Downinff  Professor,  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Cambridge.  So  called  from 
sir  George  Downing,  bart.,  who  founded 
the  law  professorship  in  1800. 

DowsabeL  daughter  of  Cassemen 
8  syL)  a  kni^t  of  Aiden ;  a  ballad  by 
~.  Drayton  (1598). 

CM  Chaoear  doth  of  Tbpai  MI,* 
Mad  Rabehikof  Pantaxnial, 
A  latar  third  of  DosnabaL 

M.  Drayloa.  jrgmpkUtm. 

I>rac.  a  tort  of  fiury  in  human  form, 
whose  alxKle  is  the  caverns  of  rivers. 
Sometimes  these  dracs   will   float   like 

f  olden  cups  along  a  stream  to  entice 
athers,  but  when  the  bather  attempts  to 
catch  at  them,  the  drac  draws  him  under 
water. — South  of  France  Mythology, 

Dra'ohenfbls  (^^ dragon  rocks'^),  so 
called  from  the  dntgon  ailled  there  by 
Siegfried,  the  hero  of   the  Niebelungen 

Dragon  (A),  the  device  on  the  royal 
banner  of  the  old  British  kings.  The 
leader  was  called  the  pencfroaon.  Geoffrey 
of  Monmouth  says :  "  Wnen  Aurelius 
was  king,  there  appeared  a  star  at 
Winchester  of  wonderful  magnitude  and 
brightness,  darting  forth  a  rav,  at  the 
end  of  which  was  a  flame  in  form  of  a 
dragon."     Uther   ordered    two    golden 


S 


DRAGON. 


271 


DRAPIEB'S  LETTERS. 


diagoos  to  be  made,  one  of  which  he 
prewnted  to  Winchester,  and  the  other  he 
carried  wi^  him  as  a  royal  standard. 
Tennyson  says  that  Arthur's  helmet  had 
for  crest  a  golden  dragon. 


am 

Tk«  dfaiBon  of  the  gnat  paodragonddp, 
Aat  ttumumd  the  «at«  parUloii  of  the  king. 

THuqnoa.  Ouitumr*. 

Dragon  (7^),  one  of  the  masques 
at  Kennaqnhair  Abbey. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
TAe  Abbot  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Draqon  (The  Bed)^  the  personification 
of  ^me  deril,**  as  the  enemy  of  man. 
— Phineas  Fletcher,  The  Pwpe  Island, 
ix.  (1633). 

I>ragoii  of  Wantley  {ue,  Wam- 
dif^  in  Yorkshire),  a  skit  on  the  old 
metrical  romances,  esnedally  on  the  old 
ifaynilng  legend  of  sir  Bevis.  The  ballad 
ducribes  ue  drsgon,  its  ontrages,  the 
flight  of  the  inhisbitants,  the  knight 
cheoeiiig  his  armour,  the  damsel,  the 
fight,  and  the  rictory.  The  hero  is  called 
"More,  of  More  Hall"  (g.«.).— Percy, 
Mdme*^  HI.  iii.  13. 

(H.  Ou«y  has  a  burlesque  called  The 
Dragon  of  Wantiey.  and  calls  the  hero 
•*  Moore,  of  Moore  Hall,*'  1697-1743.) 

I>rasoii'8  TTin  (Berkshire).  The 
lecend  says  it  is  hcie  that  St.  George 
kuUd  the  dragon ;  but  the  place  as- 
sigoed  for  this  achievement  in  tne  ballad 
cnren  in  Percy's  Beiiques  is  "  SylCng,  in 
Libya.**  Another  legend  pre»  Berytus 
{Bwui)  as  the  place  of  this  encounter. 

(In  regard  to  Dragon  Hill,  according 
to  Saxon  annals,  it  was  here  that  Cedric 
(founder  of  the  West  Saxons)  slew 
Kaud  the  pendragon,  with  5000  men.) 

I>rasoii'8  Teeth.  The  tale  of  Jason 
sad  ^!t&B  is  a  repetition  of  that  of 
Cadmus. 

In  the  tale  of  Cadmus,  we  are  told 
the  fountain  of  Arei'a  (3  $yl,)  was 
guarded  by  a  fierce  dragon.  Cadmus 
killed  the  dragon,  and  sowed  its  teeth  in 
the  earth.  From  these  teeth  sprang  up 
armed  men  adled  '*  Sparti,**  among  vrnom 
he  flung  stones,  and  the  aru;ed  men  fell 
foul  of  each  other,  till  all  were  slain 
excepting  five. 

In  the  tale  of  Jason,  we  are  told 
that  having  slain  the  dragon  which  kept 
watdi  over  the  golden  flef»e,  he  sowed  its 
teeth  in  the  ground,  and  armed  men 
spmng  op.  Jason  cast  a  stone  into  the 
midst  of  them,  whereupon  the  men  at- 
tacked each  other,  and  were  all  slain. 


DragonA. 

Ahriman,  the  dragon  slain  by  Mithra. 
— Persian  Mythology. 

Dahak,  the  three-headed  dragon  slain 
by  Thraetanar-Ta^na. — Persian, 

FArNiR,  the  dragon  slain  b^  Sigurd. 

Grkxdei^  tibie  dragon  slam  by  Beo- 
wulf, the  Anglo-Saxon  hero. 

La  Gakoouille,  the  dragon  which 
ravaged  the  Seine,  slain  by  SL  Ronudn 
of  Rouen. 

Pythoit  the  dragon  slain  by  Apollo. 
— Greek  Mythology, 

Tarasqitb  (2  syl,).  the  dragon  slain  at 
Aix-U-Chapelle  by  St.  Martha. 

ZoHAK,  uie  dragon  slain  by  Feridun 
{Siahndmeh), 

*«*  Numerous  dragons  have  no  special 
name.  Many  are  dieted  Red,  White, 
Black,  Great,  etc 

DramcL  The  earliest  European 
drama  since  the  fell  of  the  Western 
empire  appeared  in  the  middle  of  the 
fifteenth  centui^.  It  is  called  La  Celes^ 
Una,  and  b  divided  into  twenty-one  acts. 
The  first  act,  which  runs  through  fifty 
pages,  was  composed  by  Rodri^o  Cota; 
the  other  twenty  are  ascribed  to  Fernando 
de  Rojas.  The  whole  was  published  in 
1510. 

The  earliest  English  dmma  is  entitled 
Ralph  Roister  Doister^  a  comedy  by 
Nicnolas  Udal  (before  1551,  because  men- 
tioned by  T.  Wilson,  in  his  Rule  of  Reason, 
which  appeared  in  1551). 

The  second  English  drama  was  Gammer 
Ourton*s  Needle,  bv  Mr.  S.  Master  of 
Arts.  Warton,  in  his  History  of  English 
Poetry  (iv.  32),  gives  1551  as  the  date  of 
this  comedy ;  and  Wright,  in  his  Bistoria 
Histrionioa,  says  it  appeared  in  the  reign 
of  Edward  YL,  who  died  1553.  It  is 
generally  ascribed  to  bishop  Still,  but  he 
was  only  eight  years  old  in  1551. 

Drama  {Father  of  the  French),  Etienne 
JodeUe  (1532-1578). 

Father  of  the  Greek  Drama,  Thespis 
(b.c.  sixth  century). 

Father  of  the  Spanish  Drama,  Lop6  de 
Vega  (1562-1635). 

Drap,  one  of  queen  Mab*s  muds  of 
honour. — ^Dmyton,  Nymphidia, 

Dra'pier'B  Iietters,  a  series  of 
letters  written  by  dean  Swift,  and  signed 
**  M.  D.  Drapier,"  advising  the  Irish  not  to  « 
take  the  copper  money  coined  by  William 
Wood,  to  wnom  George  I.  had  given  a 
patent.  These  letters  (1724)  stamped  out 
this  infamous  job|  and  caused  the  patent 


DRA.WGAK8IB. 


S79 


DROP  BERElNE. 


to  be  cancelled.    The  patent  was  obtained 

by  the  duchess  of  Kendal  fmistress  of 

the  king),  who  was  to  share  tne  profits. 

Cta  we  the  Drapier  then  forprtt 

!■  not  our  natkNi  in  bis  dobtt 

TwM  be  that  viit  tbe  "  Drapier't  Letten.* 

Dean  Svilt,  fertm  on  kU  own  dttUh. 

Drawcan'sir,  a  brajgging,  blasterinaf 
buUy.  who  took  part  in  a  battle,  and 
killea  every  one  on  both  sides,  **  sparing 
neither  friend  nor  foe." — George  ViUiers, 
duke  of  Buckingham,  The  Rehearsal 
(1671). 

Jmd.  who  WM  A  little  HipeHldal. 

JuA  DoC  hi  BtenUure  a  great  Drawnm^. 

Qynm.  Dm  Jwmn,  zL  U  (18S4 


At  iMgth  117  enemy  eppeered.  end  I  went  foremnl 
•ome  ranle  Hke  e  Drewcaiuir,  but  found  mysdf  eelaed 
vtth  a  panic  as  Paris  was  vlien  be  presented  htmaelf  to 
ifht  wTOi  Menekoi.— Leas*.  OUMm  vH.  1  07»\. 


Dream  Authorship.  It  is  said 
that  Coleridge  wrote  his  KtMa  Khan 
from  Us  recollection  of  a  dream. 

*«*  Condillac  (says  Cabanis)  coin 
eluded  in  his  dreams  the  reasonings  left 
incomplete  at  bed-time. 

Dreamfl.  Amongst  the  ancient  Gaels 
the  leader  of  the  ami^  was  often  deter- 
mined by  dreams  or  visions  in  the  night, 
llie  different  candidates  retired  "  each  to 
his  hill  of  ghosts,  to  pass  the  night,  and 
he  to  whom  a  vision  appeared  was  ap- 
pointed the  leader.*' 

Sdma't  king  [Itnfta]  looked  around.  lu  hit  pweenet 
we  roee  in  anua.  But  who  ebould  ilft  tite  ihidd— for  aO 
had  dalmed  the  wart  Tlio  night  came  down.  We 
■trode  in  sileiice,  each  to  hie  hiU  of  gtkoMs.  that  spirit! 
mlgbt  deecend  in  our  diwuai  to  mark  ue  far  tlie  Seld. 
We  ttrack  the  riileM  of  the  dead.  We  rabad  the  boni  of 
•Migi.  We  oiUed  thrke  the  ghoati  of  o«r  Cathera.  We 
laid  HI  down  for  dreama.— Oarfan.  CatkUn  ^  Ciutka, 

Dreame,  The  Indians  believe  all 
dreams  to  be  revelations,  sometimes  made 
by  the  fttmiliar  genius,  and  sometimes  by 
the  **  inner  or  mvine  soul.*'  An  Indian, 
having  dreamt  that  his  finger  was  cut  off, 
had  it  really  cut  off  the  next  dav. — 
Charlevoix,  Journal  of  a  Voyage  to  North 
Amenca, 

DreaJDOfer  (The  Jmmortal)^  John 
Bunyan,  whose  Pilgrim's  Progress  is  said 
by  him  to  be  a  dream  (1628-1688). 

*«*  The  pretence  of  a  dream  was  one 
of  tne  most  common  devices  of  mediicval 
romance,  as,  for  example,  the  Romance  of 
the  Rose  and  Piers  Plowman,  both  in  the 
fourteenth  century. 

Dreary  (Waf)j  alias  Bbowk  Wn.L, 
one  of  Macheath's  gang  of  thieves.  He 
is  described  by  Peachum  as  **  an  irregular 
dog,  with  an  underhand  way  of  disposing 
•f  his  goods'*  (act  i.  1).— Oay,  The 
Beggar's  Opera  (1727)* 


Drink  used  by  actors,  orators,  ete.  t 

Braham,  bottled  porter. 

Cati.ey  {Miss),  linseed  tea  and  roadeira. 

CooKB  {G,  /*.),  everything  drinkable. 

Emert,  brand v-and-water  (coM). 

Gladstonb  ( W.  E,),  an  egg  beaten  up 
in  sherry. 

Hbxdkrson,  gum  arable  and  sherry. 

Inclrdon,  madeira. 

Jordan  {Mrs,),  calves*-foot  jelly  dio- 
solved  in  warm  sherry. 

Kban  {Edmund),  beef-tea  for  break- 
fitft,  cold  brandy. 

Lkwis,  mulled  wine  (with  oystan). 

OxBBRBT,  tea. 

Smith  {William),  coffee. 

Wood  {Mrs,),  draught  porter. 

%*  J.  Kemble  took  opium. 

Drink,  "  I  drink  the  air,**  SAJB  Arislt 
meaning  "  I  will  fly  with  great  speed.** 

In  Henry  IV,  we  have  "devour  the 
way,**  meaning  the  same  thing. 

Dri'ver,  clerk  to  Mr.  Pleydell,  adT<H> 
oate,  £dinburgh.-^ir  W.  Scott,  Om§ 
Mannering  (time,  George  II.). 

Driver  of  Europe.  The  due  de 
(^oiseul,  minister  of  Louis  XY.,  was  so 
called  by  the  empress  of  Russia,  because 
he  had  spies  all  over  Europe,  and  ruled 
by  them  all  the  political  cabals. 

Dro'gio,  probably  Nova  Scotia  and 
Nevrfoundland.  A  Venetian  voyager 
named  Antonio  Zeno  f fourteenth  century) 
so  called  a  country  which  he  discovere<* 
It  was  said  to  lie  south-west  of  Estotiland 
(Labrador),  but  neither  Estotiland  nor 
Drogio  are  recognized  by  modem  geo- 
grapners,  and  both  are  supposed  to  be 
wholly,  or  in  a  great  measure,  hypo- 
thetical. 

Dro'mio  (  7*he  Brothers) ,  two  brothers, 
twins,  so  much  alike  that  even  their 
nearest  friends  and  masters  knew  not  one 
from  the  other.  They  were  the  servants 
of  two  masters,  also  twins  and  the  exact 
ftu:-similes  of  each  other.  The  masters 
were  Antiph'olus  of  Ephesus  and  Anti- 
pholus  of  SATAcuse. — Shakespeare,  Comedy 
of  Errors  (1593). 

(The  Comedy  of  Errors  is  borrowed 
from  t^e  MentBchtm  of  Plautus.) 

Dronsdaxighter  {Ihmdd),  the  old 
serving-wonutn  of  the  Yellowkys. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  The  Pirate  (time,  Williau 
III.). 

Drop  Serene  (Ouita  Serind),  It 
was  once  thought  that  this  sort  of  blind- 
ness was  an  incurable  «xtinotior.  of  vitioQ 


DBOPPING  WELU 


278 


DRUNKEN  PARLIAMENT. 


by  A  tnuwparent  wmtory  humour  distiUing 
oe  the  optic  nerve.  It  caused  total  blind- 
ness, bat  made  no  risible  chan^  In  the 
S'e.  It  is  noiw  known  that  this  sort  of 
indnesB  arises  from  obstruction  in  the 
eapiUaiy  aerre-Tesseis,  and  in  some  cases 
at  least  is  curable.  Milton,  speaking  of 
his  own  blindness,  expresses  a  doubt 
whether  it  arose  from  the  (hitta  Sitrema  or 
the  wi^nakm  of  a  cataract. 


maoo. 


lMt.HL9B(UI». 


Dropping  Well,  near  the  Nyda, 
Tarfcshire. 

.  •  .  ■Ma^DMBBlM  Wcil"tt«ril« 
lMM»M»«raroekit'kiDIPdni|«SoChMI: 
lliv  ••  Ik*  ImM  «h««or  It  BAkea  a  Bctle  pen  [4«pocl«ofy]. 
WkM iB M  Jhll* i^M  coawtMh  woWto  moml 

DngrtMu  l>W#*rf*<<«.  nrlU.  (ISIS). 

I>nidMit  {PeUr\  clerk  to  lord 
Bbddeisfcate.^ir  W.  Scott,  BedgamUlet 
(tiae,  George  111.). 

Dm^SOr  {Ahel)^  a  seller  of  tobacco ; 
sftlessand  gullible  in  the  extreme.  He 
wss  building  a  new  house,  and  came  to 
SuhUe  *'  the  aldiemist,**  to  know  on  which 
Side  to  set  the  shop  door,  how  to  dispose 
tbs  dbalves  so  as  to  ensure  most  luck,  on 
what  days  he  mi^t  trust  his  customers, 
sad  whai  it  would  be  unlucky  for  him  so 
iD^^Ben  JoDSon,  TkeMcKaMi{l%\0), 

Hmhs  W«toa  «M  •'AlMl  Draaser"  htaOMlf  pTtT- 
k«l  DrtU  GtfTkk  «M  tmi  oTllM  p«t  alMlinS- 
'^aeSlOf*. 


trm] 

fThia  comedy  was  cut  down  into  a 
two-act  force,  called  Th$  Tobacamist,  by 
Fnads  Gentleman.) 

Drogget,  a  rich  London  haberdasher, 
who  has  married  one  of  his  daughters  to 
sir  Charles  Racket.  Drugget  is  '*very 
food  of  his  garden,**  but  his  taste  goes  no 
farther  than  a  suburban  tea-garden,  with 
leaden  images,  cockney  fountains,  trees 
eat  iafeo  the  shapes  of  animals,  and  other 
siaular  abominations.  He  is  very  head- 
simng,  Tcxy  passionate,  and  very  fond  of 


Mr*.  Dntggtt^  wife  of  the  abore.  She 
kawws  her  hosband's  foibles,  and,  like  a 
viae  woman,  never  rubs  the  hair  the 
wrotig  way. — ^A.  MurjAy,  Three  Weeks 
efler  Marriage, 

I>niid  {The),  the  nam  de  plume  of 
B«9ury  Dixon,  sportsman  and  sporting 
vnter.  One  of  his  books,  called  Steepie- 
ekaamgf  appeared  in  the  GenUeman*$ 
Mogtume.  His  last  work  was  called 
JUSaJt^amdAwhrn. 

*  •  Collins  oalla  James  Thomson 
(numr  of  2%e  Staeome)  a  druid,  mean- 


ing a  pastoral  British  poei  or  **  Nature's 
High  Priest** 

In  roMkr  swM  a  DnM  Hml 

Druid  (I>r.\  a  man  of  North  Wales. 
66  years  of  i»e,  the  travelling  tutor  of 
lofd  Abbervilfe,  who  was  only  28.  The 
doctor  is  a  pedant  and  anti()uary,  choleric 
in  temper,  and  immensely  bieoted,  wholly 
without  any  knowledge  of  the  human 
heart,  or  indeed  any  practical  knowledge 
ataU. 


I 


W>tk;  ...  I  Imv« 


traeed  Um  Ont  and  Um  fo,  travanad  tfaa  UplMFan 

I  of  Klltuue 


itaim,  aatf  altiuiJ  kilo  the  liunott  i 
Itetaiy.  ...  I  n^  foSoind  tk«  Twnmm  «f  KoaU  Chan 
with  rapturous  daUgfat.  Thara  b  a  had  of  vouden; 
fliwly  dapopolatad ;  gkirioiMbr  laid  waato :  flaldf  wHbuut 
a  hoof  to  trtad  'en ;  fhdti  wlthoaC  a  hand  to  gitbar  '•m ; 
withayobaflBtalogiMof  pata,  paaUw.  wtpaala.  amrplona. 
oatcrpllkn,  toadi,  and  pattariUatI  Oh,  'Ua  a  racraatlos 
eontftmplBliOM  hidaed  tn  ■  phflnanphki  arfad  I  **  fHiiliar 
laud,  ru  /MUatwiMa  Ltmr  (U»l 

Dmid  Money,  a  promise  to  pay  on 
the  Greek  Kalends.  Patricius  says: 
*'  Druida  pecnniam  mutuo  acoipiebant  in 
posteriore  vita  leddituri.'* 

Uk*  IIMMM7  hf  tho  Drulda  borroiM. 
U  th'  othar  varld  to  ha  raaioaSd. 

BaUar,  thuMnu,  UL  1  (ISTS).  . 

%*  Purchas  tells  us  of  certain  priests 
of  Pekin.  **who  barter  with  the  people 
upon  bills  of  exchai^e,  to  be  paid  in 
heaven  a  hundredfold.— i^i^^rwns,  iiu  2« 

Drum  (Jack).  Jack  DrmCe  erUertain^ 
ment  is  giving  a  guest  the  cold  shoulder. 
Shakespeare  calu  it  **J<^n  Drum's 
entertamment**  (AtTe  Well,  etc,,  act  iii.  sc 
6^,  and  Holinshed  speaks  of  '^Tom  Drum 
his  entertaynement,  which  is  to  hale  a 
man  in  by  the  heade,  and  thrust  him  out 
by  both  the  shoulders.'* 

In  Wth.  food  aantlenaan.  I  think  «•  ritall  be  fbread  to 

ef  fou  ri^t  Jobn  OnuB'aaatactabuaoaC—lntraductloa 
Ja9k  Itrum'i  MnUrtaimHtmt  (1601). 

Druxnmle  (Bentiey)  and  Stajrtop, 
two  young  men  who  read  with  Mr. 
Pocket.  Drummle  was  a  vuXvy  ill- 
conditioned  fellow,  who  married  EstoUa. 
—0.  Dickens,  Great  Expectations  (1860). 

Drunk.  The  seven  phases  of  drunken- 
ness are:  (1)  Ape-drunk,  when  men 
make  fools  of  themselves  in  their  cups ; 
(2^  Lion-drunk,  when  men  want  to  fight 
with  every  one ;  (8)  Swine-drunk,  when 
men  puke,  etc. ;  (4)  Sleep-drunk,  when 
men  get  heavy  and  sleepy  in  their  cups  ; 
(5)  Martin-drunk,  when  men  become 
boastful  in  their  cups;  (6)  Goat-drunk, 
when  men  become  amorous;  (7)  Fox« 
drunk,  when  men  become  crafty  in  their 
cups. 

Drunken  Parliamenta  a  Seotek 


DRUON. 


174 


DUBRia 


parliAment    assembled    at    Edinburgh, 
January  1,  1661. 


It  WM  s  bmmI,  vsrriac  tba«.  ftall  of  ntnt 
BO  voodar  It  wm  m>.  wbeo  tbe  men  of  •Ckiis  ware  almoit 
popaluaUjr  drunk.— BaroeU  Bt$  Own  TVam  {Xt»-^*i. 

Druon  "  the  Stem,**  one  of  the  four 
knbrhts  who  attacked  Britomart  and 
sir  Scudamore  (3  syL). 

Tbe  warlQM  dan*  {Britommri\  wm  on  hm  part  hhU 

By  Cbuibol  and  Wandamour  at  ona : 

WhJl*  ParkM  and  Draon  Baroair  ktd 

Ob  SoudaBMre.  both  bit  ytattmbi  timm[/M»\ 

Spanaer,  r»*rw  Qmom.  hr.  9  (UB^. 

Dru'ry  Ijane  (London),  takes  its 
name  from  the  Drury  family.  Drury 
House  stood  on  the  site  of  the  present 
Olympic  Theatre. 

Druses  {Return  of  the),  Ihe  Druses, 
a  semi-Mohammedan  sect  of  Syria,  beinff 
attacked  by  Osman,  take  refuge  in  one  ot 
tbe  Spor'ades,  and  place  themselves 
under  the  protection  of  Uie  knights  of 
Rhodes.  These  knights  slay  their  sheiks 
and  oppress  the  fu^tives.  In  the  sheik 
massacre,  Dja'bal  is  saved  by  Maft'ni, 
and  entertains  the  idea  of  revenging  his 
people  and  leading  them  back  to  Syria. 
To  this  end  he  gives  out  that  he  is  Hakeem, 
the  incarnate  god,  retunied  to  earth,  and 
soon  becomes  the  leader  of  the  exiled 
Druses.  A  plot  is  formed  to  murder  the 
prefect  ci  the  isle,  and  to  betray  the 
island  to  Venice,  if  Venice  will  supply 
a  convoy  for  their  return.  An'eal  (2  syL). 
a  young  woman^  stabs  the  prefect,  and 
dies  of  bitter  disappointment  when  she 
discovers  that  Djabal  is  a  mere  impostor. 
Djabal  stabs  himself  when  bis  imposition 
is  made  public,  but  Loys  (2  s^/.)>  a 
Breton  count,  leads  the  exiles  back  to 
Lebanon.— Robert  Browning,  The  Betwm 
of  the  JDrmes, 

*«*  Historically,  the  Druses,  to  the 
number  of  160,000  or  200,000,  settled  in 
Syria,  between  Djebail  and  Saide,  but 
their  ori^nal  seat  was  Kg>*pt.  They 
Quitted  Lgypt  from  peniecution,  led  by 
Dftm'zi  or  Durzi,  from  whom  the  name 
Druse  (1  syl.)  is  derived.  The  founder 
of  the  sect  was  the  hakem  B'amr-eilah 
(eleventh  century),  believed  to  be  incarnate 
deity,  and  the  last  prophet  who  com- 
municated between  God  and  man.  From 
this  founder  the  head  of  the  sect  was 
called  the  hakem,  his  residence  being 
Deir-el-Kamar.  During  the  thirteenth 
or  fourteenth  century  Uie  Druses  were 
banished  from  Syria,  and  lived  in  exile 
in  som«  of  the  Sporidcs,  but  were  led 
back  to  Syria  early  in  the  fifteenth  century 
by  count  l»ys  de  Deux,  a  new  convert. 


Since  1588  they  have  been  tribotariet  of 
the  sultan. 


Wbai  m^  foa  doca  thb  wfatrd  able  bfarn 
Hakeea  Hamralkh.  tfaa  Tbiid  FUiMllar 
WhatbUibJai«oBt    HaUiaiiHa 
Daad  near  tbne  hundred  yaaiat 
Bobertfirowninc.  Tk*  Mt$mm  §f  A* 


I>rya8  or  Drtad,  a  wood-nymph, 
whose  life  was  bound  up  with  that  of 
her  tree.    (Greek,  a^var,  if,ma6of,) 

"Tboqalekantag  power  or  the  •oal.'*  like  Martha,  "b 
about  maaT  tblnsa."  or  lilw  "a  Dkjraa  IMa«  la  a 
'^Sii  JebB  Dariea.  JmmmnatUm  of  <W  gearf.  sH. 


trae. 


Dry-as-Dust  {The  Rev.  Doctor),  an 
hypothetical  person  whom  sir  W.  Scott 
mskxes  use  of  to  introduce  some  of  his 
novels  bv  means  of  prefatory  lettera. 
The  worn  is  a  S3rnonym  for  a  dull,  proay , 
plodding  historian,  with  great  show  of 
learning,  but  very  Uttle  attractive  grace. 

Diyden  of  Oermaiur  {The}, 
Martin  Opitz,  sometimes  called  **The 
Father  of  German  Poetry  "  (1597-1639). 

Dryeesdale  {Jasper),  the  old  steward 
at  Lochleven  Castle.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Abbot  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Dry'ope  (8  sy/.),  daughter  of  king 
Dryops,  oeloved  by  AfMllo.  Apollo, 
having  changed  himself  into  a  tortoiae, 
was  taken  by  Dryopg  into  her  lap,  and 
became  Uie  nther  of  Amphis'soa.    Ovid 


says  that  Drvopd  was  changed  into  » 
lotus  {Met,,  x\  831). 

Duar'te  (3  sy/.),  the  vainfflorions 
son  of  Guiomar. — Beaumont  and  Letcher, 
The  Custom  of  the  Country  {l^7), 

Duboso,  the  great  thief,  who  rob« 
the  night-mail  ^m  Lyons,  and  murders 
the  courier.  He  bears  such  a  strong 
likeness  to  Joseph  Lesurques  (act  i.  1)  that 
their  identity  is  mistaken. — £d.  Stirling, 
The  Courier  of  Lyons  (1852). 

Dubourg  {Mons,),  a  merchant  at 
Bordeaux,  and  agent  there  of  Osbaldis- 
tone  of  London. 

Clement  Dubourg,  son  of  the  Bordeaax 
merchant,  one  of  the  clerks  of  Osbaldia- 
tone,  merchant — Sir  IV.  Scott,  Rob  Soy 
(time,  George  1.). 

Dubrio  {St.)  or  St.  Dubricins,  arch- 
bishop of  the  City  of  Legions  {Caerleot^ 
vvon-UsM;  Newport  is  the  only  part  left). 
He  set  the  crown  on  the  head  of  Arthur, 
when  only  15  years  of  age.  Geoffrey 
says  {British  History,  ix.  12) :  "  This  pre- 
late, who  was  primate  of  Britain,  was  so 
eminent  for  his  piety,  that  he  could  cure 
any  sick  person  by  his  prayers.  St. 
Dubric    abdicated   and  lived  a  hermit. 


DUCHESS  STREET. 


275 


DUENNA. 


leaTing  Dvrid  his  inocenar.    Tencyion 
ratrodiieeB  him  in  his  Coming  of  Arthur ^ 

•L  DiM^  vhMe  MBOft  oU  Gvlna  fat  dodi  ctfry. 

Ite  viMB  wH««l.  Iv  Dobrte  tte  Ugb  Mint. 
fflf  tt*  Gboich  iB  Briuiii.  aad  iMfon 
:  oflMr  •Itar-ihrfaiM,  tk>  ki^ 


Tk* 


^Artkmr, 


Duchess  Street  (Portmsn  Saoare). 
So  csiied  from  Mazesrei  duchess  of  Poit- 
Isnd.    (See  Duks  Strbbt.) 

Dudho'mar  vas  in  love  with  Horns, 
limghtffr  of  Cormsc  king  of  Ireland. 
Out  of  jealousy,  he  slew  Cathbo,  his  more 
successful  rival,  went  to  announce  his 
death  to  Moma,  and  then  asked  her  to 
marry  him.  She  replied  she  had  no  love 
for  him,  and  asked  him  for  his  sword. 
**  He  eave  the  sword  to  her  tcar^**  and 
die  itabbcd  him  to  the  heart.  Ducndmar 
hegged  the  maiden  to  pluck  the  sword 
from  his  breast  that  he  might  die;  and 
when  Bhe  approached  him  for  the  pur- 
pose, *'  be  seized  the  sword  from  her,  and 
slew  her.** 


ami  tsilble:  rad  an  Ow  roUlnf  cfM  ...  I  love  tbM 
MC'mM  lfiinm:*'haijli  tbr  bawt  of  rock,  ud  dwk 
b  Sv  taRlbh  braw."— OHton.  rutgat,  L 

I>iichrazi  ( The  kurd  of),  a  friend  of 
bsroo  Bradwardine.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Wa- 
verleg  (time,  George  II.). 

I>PclriTig-Poiid  Bow  (London), 
BOW  calkd  ^Grafton  Street.** 

Duck  Ijane  (London),  a  row  near 
Smithfield,  once  famous  for  second-hand 
books.    It  has  given  way  to  city  improv&- 


kiudrcS  a»lMr«b«  in  Dock  Um. 
fOftk  Mtmg  ow  CWrtBHw  (1711). 

Du  Croisy  and  his  friend  La  Grange 
are  desirous  to  marry  two  young  ladies 
whose  heads  are  turned  by  novels.  The 
sally  girls  fancy  the  manners  of  these 
gentlemen  too  unaifected  and  easy  to  be 
aristocratic;  so  the  gentlemen  send  to 
them  their  valets,  as  "the  viscount  de  Jo- 
deki.**  and  **the  marquis  of  HascariUe.** 
The  girls  are  delighted  with  their  titled 
visitors;  but  when  the  game  has  gone 
ftf  enoufffa,  the  masters  enter  and  unmask 
the  tiidc.  By  this  means  the  girls  are 
taught  a  useful  lesson,  without  being 
subjected  to  any  fatal  consequences. — 
Moiiere,  Les  Pr^cieusea  Ridicule*  (1669). 

Dndley,  a  young  artist ;  a  disguise 
SBBumed  by  Harr>'  Bertram. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Gujf  Mannermg  (time,  George  II.). 


Dudley  {Captain),  a  poor  English 
officer,  of  strict  honoui,  good  family, 
and  many  accomplishments.  He  has 
served  his  countrv  for  thirty  years,  but 
can  scarcely  provide  bread  for  his  family. 

Charles  Dudley ^  son  of  captain  Dudley. 
Hifi^-minded,  virtuous,  generous,  poor, 
and  proud.  He  falls  in  love  with  his 
cousin  Chariotte  Rusport,  but  forbears 
pro(>osing  to  her,  because  he  is  poor  and 
she  is  rich.  His  grandfi&ther's  will  is  in 
time  broufriit  to  ught,  by  which  he  be- 
comes the  heir  of  a  noble  fortune,  and  he 
then  marries  his  cousin. 

Louisa  Dudley,  daughter  of  captain 
Dudley.  Toung,  fair,  tall,  fresh,  and 
lovely.  She  is  courted  by  Belconr  the 
rich  West  Indian,  to  whom  ultimately 
she  is  married. — Cumberland,  The  Wek 
Indian  (1771). 

Dudley  Diamond  (The).  In  1868 
a  black  shepherd  named  Swartzbo^ 
brought  to  his  master,  Nie  Kirk,  this 
diamond,  and  received  for  it  £400,  with 
which  he  drank  himself  to  death.  Nie 
Kirk  sold  it  for  £12,000 :  and  the  earl 
of  Dudley  gave  Messrs.  Hunt  and  Ros- 
kell  £80,000  for  it.  It  weighed  in  the 
rough  88|  carats,  but  cut  into  a  heart 
shape  it  weighs  44|  carats.  It  is  tri- 
angular in  shape,  and  of  great  brilliancy. 

%*  lliis  magnificent  diamond,  that 
called  the  "Stewart**  {q.v.),  and  the 
**Twin,**  have  all  been  discovered  in 
Africa  since  1868. 

Dudu,  one  of  the  three  beauties  of 
the  harem,  into  which  Juan,  by  the 
sultana's  order,  had  been  admitted  in 
female  attire.  Next  day,  the  sultana,  out 
of  jealousy,  ordered  that  both  Dudh  and 
Juan  should  be  stitched  in  a  sack  and 
cast  into  the  sea ;  but,  by  the  connivance 
of  Baba  the  chief  eunuch,  they  effected 
their  escape. — Byron,  Don  Juan,  vi.  42, 
etc. 

A  kind  of  damping  Venot  —imd  Dodft  .  .  . 
But  ih*  WM  paiulve  mora  than  roabuicholjr .  .  . 
Tho  atnagaU  Uiing  waa,  boBUteouaw  she  waa  holjr, 
Uocoiucioyi^  albdt  UiriMd  of  quick  mteattm. 

GbBto  «1  4S-4I  (ISSI). 

Duenna  (The),  a  comic  opera  by 
R.  B.  Sheridan  (1778).  Margaret,  the 
duenna,  is  placed  in  charge  c^  Louisa, 
the  daughter  of  don  Jerome.  Louisa  is 
in  love  with  don  Antonio,  a  poor  noble- 
man of  Seville;  but  her  &ther  resolves 
to  give  her  in  marriage  to  Isaac  Men- 
doza,  a  rich  Portuguese  Jew.  As  Louisa 
will  not  consent  to  her  father's  arrange- 
ment, he  locks  her  up  in  her  diamber 


DUESSA. 


«76 


DUKE  OF  MILAN. 


Btid  toims  the  dueim*  oat  of  doorS)  but 
in  his  impetnoas  nge  he  in  reality  turns 
his  daughter  ont,  and  locks  up  the 
duenna.  Isaac  arrives,  is  introduced  to 
the  lady,  elopes  with  her,  and  is  duly 
married.  Louisa  flees  to  the  convent  of 
St.  Catharine,  and  writes  to  her  father 
for  his  consent  to  her  marriage  to  the 
man  of  her  choice ;  and  don  Jerome* 
supposing  she  means  the  Jew,  gives  it 
freely,  and  she  marries  Antonio.  When 
they  meet  at  breakfast  at  the  old  man's 
house,  he  finds  that  Isaac  has  married 
the  duenna,  Louisa  has  married  Antonio, 
and  his  son  has  married  Clara ;  but  the 
old  man  is  reconciled,  and  says,  "  I  am 
an  obstinate  old  fellow,  when  Vm  in  the 
wrong,  but  you  shall  all  find  me  steady 
in  the  right." 

Duessa  (faise  faith)^  is  the  personi- 
fication of  tne  papacy.  She  meets  the 
Red'  Cross  Knight  in  the  society  of 
Sansfoy  (infidelity)^  and  when  the  knight 
slays  Sumsfov,  she  turns  to  flight.  Being 
overtaken,  she  says  her  name  is  Fidessa 
{true  faith) f  deceives  the  knight,  and 
conducts  him  to  the  palace  of  Lucif  era, 
where  he  encounters  Sansjoy  (canto  2). 
Duessa  dresses  the  wounds  of  the  Red 
Cross  Knight,  but  places  Sansjoy  under 
the  care  of  Escuiflrpius  in  the  mfemal 
regions  (canto  4).  Tne  Red  Cross  Knight 
leaves  the  palace  of  Lucifcra,  and  Duessa 
induces  him  to  drink  of  the  *'  Enervating 
Fountain ;  '*  Orgoglio  then  attacks  him, 
and  would  have  slain  him  if  Duessa  had 
not  promised  to  be  his  bride.  Having 
cast  the  Red  Cross  Knight  into  a  dun- 
geon, Orgoglio  dresses  his  bride  in  most 
gorgeous  array,  puts  on  her  head  "a 
triple  crown"  (tM  tiara  of  the  pope)^ 
and  sets  her  on  a  monster  beast  with 
**  seven  heads  "  {the  seven  hiila  of  Rome), 
Una  {truth)  sends  Arthur  (Emjland)  to 
rescue  the  captive  knight,  and  Arthur 
slays  Orgoglio,  wounds  the  beast,  re- 
leases the  knight,  and  strips  Duessa  of 
her  finery  {the  Jieformation) ;  whereupon 
she  flies  into  the  wilderness  to  conceal 
her  shame  (canto  7). — Spenser,  Fa^ry 
Queen,  i.  (1590). 

Dweeoy  in  bk.  v.,  allegorizes  Hary 
queen  of  Scots.  She  is  arraigned  by 
Zeal  before  queen  Mercilla  {Elizabeth), 
and  charged  with  high  treason.  Zeal 
savs  he  shall  pass  by  for  the  present 
**her  counsels  false  conspired"  with 
Tilandamour  {earl  of  NorthunAerland),  and 
T'aridcl  {earl  of  Westmorelandy  leaders  of 
the  insurrection  of  1509),  as  that  wicked 
plot   came   to   naught,   and    the   fiUse 


Duessa  was  now  **an  untitled  queen.** 
When  Zeal  had  finished,  an  old  sa|^ 
named  the  Kin^om's  Care  {hrd  Burghley) 
spoke,  and  opinions  were  divided.  Au- 
thority, Law  of  Nations,  and  Religion 
thought  Duessa  guilty,  but  Pity,  Danger, 
Nobility  of  Birth,  and  Grief  pleaded  in 
her  behalf.  Zeal  then  charges  the  pri- 
<«>ner  with  murder,  sedition,  adultery, 
and  lewd  impiety ;  whereupon  the  sen- 
tence of  the  court  was  given  against  her. 
Queen  Mercilla,  being  called  on  to  pass 
sentence,  was  so  overwhelmed  with  grief 
that  she  rose  and  left  the  court. — Spenser, 
Fairy  Queen,  v.  9  (1696). 

Duff  {Jamie),  the  idiot  boy  attending 
Mrs.  Bertram's  funeral.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Ouy  Mannering  (time,  George  II.). 

Duglas,  the  scene  of  four  Arthurian 
battles.  The  Duglas  is  said  to  fall  into 
the  estuary  of  Uie  Ribble.  The  Paris 
MS.  and  Henry  of  Huntingdon  says, 
**  Duglas  qui  est  in  i^one  Inniis."  But 
where  is  "Inniis^'  f  There  is  a  township 
called  **  Ince," '  a  mile  south-west  of 
Wigan.  and  Mr.  Whitaker  says,  ''six 
cwt.  of  horse-shoes  were  taken  up  from 
a  space  of  ^rround  near  that  spot  during 
the  formation  of  a  canal ; "  so  that  this 
**  Ince "  is  supposed  to  be  the  place  re- 
ferred to. 

Duke  (My  lord)j  a  duke*s  servant, 
who  assumes  the  airs  and  title  of  his 
master,  and  is  addressed  as  **Your 
grace,"  or  *'  My  lord  duke."  He  was 
first  a  country  cowboy,  then  a  wig- 
maker's  apprentice,  and  then  a  duke*s  ser- 
vant. He  could  neither  write  nor  read, 
but  was  a  great  coxcomb,  and  set  up  for 
a  tip-top  fine  gentleman. — Rev.  J.  Town- 
ley,  Nigh  Life  Below  Stairs  (1763). 

Duhe  {The  Iron),  the  duke  of  Welling- 
ton, also  called  **The  Great  Duke** 
(1769-1862). 

Duke  and  DxioheM,  in  pt.  11.  of 

Don  Quixote,  who  play  so  many  sportive 
tricks  on  *'the  Knight  of  the  Woeful 
Countenance,"  were  don  Carlos  de  Borja 
count  of  Ficallo  and  donna  Maria  of 
Aragon  duchess  of  ViUaher'mora  hia 
wife,  in  whose  right  the  count  held  ex- 
tensive estates  on  the  banks  of  the  Ebro, 
among  others  a  country  seat  called 
Buena'via,  the  place  refened  to  by  Cer- 
vant^  (1616). 

Duke  of  Mil'an,  a  tn^edy  by 
Massinger  (1622).  A  play  evidently  in 
iaiitaiiuu     of     Shakespeaic*.,      OtheUc 


DUKE  COMBE. 


177 


DUMARIN. 


''Sfonft**  is  Othello;  « Fimncttco," 
laf^;  '^  Ifaieelut,**  Desdenomi:  and 
*'£ageiiia,"£iiiiluu  Sforz«  «« the  More" 
[tie]  doted  on  Mucelia  hit  yomig 
bode,  who  anplj  retarned  bu  1oy«. 
FnaoMoo,  Sfona's  favonritej  being  left 
lord  piotcKtor  of  Milan  dunog  a  tern- 
peniy  abeence  of  the  duke,  tried  to 
eompt  Marcelia;  bat  failing  in  thxi^ 
wcaaed  her  t*  Sfona  of  wantomiefla. 
The  duke,  beliering  his  faroorite,  slew 
his  bcaatifol  young  bride.  Tlie  cause  of 
Francesco's  villainy  was  that  the  duke 
had  seduced  his  sister  Eogenia. 

*«*  Shakespeare's  play  Vras  produced 
1611,  about  eleven  years  before  Hassin- 
ra's  trsi^y.  In  act  V.  1  we  have, 
^  Men's  injuries  we  write  in  brass," 
whidi  brinirs  to  mind  Shakespeare's  line, 
"Men's  evu  manners  live  in  biass,  their 
Tixtnes  we  write  in  water." 

(Cumberland  reproduced  this  drama, 
with  soiae  alterations,  in  1780.) 

Dake  Oombe,  William  Combe, 
salhor  of  Dr.  ^ntaXf  and  translator  of 
TV  Deva  iipo*  Tufo  Sticks^  from  Le  Diahle 
BoHtux  of  Lesage.  He  was  called  chiMe 
frofD  the  splendour  of  his  dress,  the  pro- 
fusioQ  of  nis  table,  and  the  magnificence 
of  hb  deportment.  The  last  fifteen  years 
of  his  life  were  spent  in  the  Icing's  Sench 
(174S-1823). 

Bnke  Street  (Portman  Square, 
LBodoB).  So  called  from  William  Bentick, 
oseoad  «faik«  of  Portland.  (See  Duciucss 
annr.) 

Duie  Street  (Strand,  London).  So 
Bailed  from  (veorge  Villiers,  duke  of 
Beckingham. 

(For  other  dukes,  see  the  surname  or 
titular  name.) 

Doke^S,  a  fashionable  theatre  in  the 
itign  of  Charies  II.  It  was  in  Portugal 
Street,  lincoln's  Inn  Fields.  So  named 
b  com^imftnt  to  James  duke  of  York 
(James  11.),  its  great  patron. 

Dnleama'ra  (i>r.),  an  Itinerant 
■hyaidaa,  noted  for  his  pompositv ;  very 
iMartfnl,  and  a  thorough  charlatan. — 
Donizetti,  VElmre  d'Amore  (1832). 

IHUoanum.   (See  Dhu'l  Kabkkiit.) 

Dolciflnoos  Doctor,  Antony  An- 
dreas, a  Spanish  minorite  of  the  Duns 
Seotos  school  (^-1320). 

Dnlcin'ea  del  Tobo'so,  the  lady 
of  dnn  Quixote's  devotion.  She  was 
a  fttsfa-colonred  country  wench,  of  an 


adjacent  tillage,  with  whom  the  don  was 
once  in  love.  Her  real  name  was  Al- 
donza  Lorenzo.  Her  father  was  Loreikzo 
Orchoelo,  and  her  mother  Aldonza 
Kogal^.  Sancho  Panza  describes  her  in 
pt.  I.  ii.  U. — (}ervantes.  Den  Qvdxote^ 
!.  i.  1  (1605). 

"IUrS0wliish*ir.*-Mmtkeknisht.  "liof  ■old.lMrfbr*. 
liMid  ttM  ElTsfaui  Said*.  Dcr  ejrvbrowi  two  ecMtlal  arehaa. 


iMT  «rei  •  pair  of  ^ortow  MM.  bar  elMalu  two  kada  of 
Mavk  iMT  Hva  two  eoral  poctab  that  saanl  bar  taath  of 
Oriental  pearl,  bar  nack  k  alahaitar,  her  hand*  Hi* 
poHAad  hwrr.  and  hat  boaom  whltar  thaa  fho  I 


"Sha  la  not  a  dawanduHoftha  UKlant  ChH.  CwtU.  bad 
SMploBof  Roma;  nor  of  the  modam  Cokmaa  and  Oralnl : 
nor  of  the  MoocadM  and  Baqoaaaaai  of  Calaloah  t  nor  of 
tha  RabUhM  aiid  Vmanoraa  of  Valaoda ;  nef  tbar  b  aba  a 
daaeandantofthoFahifosaa,  If awcM,  Rocsbartfa.  OenUaa, 
LoiMHi.  AlagonaK  Uraaa.  Pojraa,  and  Onrraaa  af  Ariffna ; 
nchhar  doaa  the  lady  Doldnca  daaentd  from  tha  Cbrdaa, 
Manflqnea.  Mandoaia,  and  Cwnana  of  ChitUla ;  norfhim 
tha  AlencMtroa.  FaBaa.  and  Manaaaa  of  PortufM ;  bnt  aha 
derhrea  bar  ori|^  fhini  the  fbniOjr  of  Tebeao  da  la  Mancfaa, 
moit  niaatriona  af  aS."— OarraMaa.  />a«  qtdxaU,  L  H.  S 

Aak  ran  far  wbooi  ms  taaia  do  Sow  aot 
%■  ter  Ooklnaa  dalToboao. 

Dom  qmiiMU,  L  UL  11  (ISKQl 

I>alL  a  constable. — Shakespeare,  Zom's 
Lohwu'z  Lost  (1594). 

Pn'maohxift.  The  impenitent  thief  is 
so  called  in  Longfellow's  Golden  Legend^ 
and  the  penitent  thief  is  called  Titus. 

In  the  apocryphal  Gospel  of  Nicod^ 
musy  the  impenitent  thief  is  called  Gestae, 
and  the  pemtent  one  Dvsmas. 

In  the  story  of  Josetm  of  Arimathea^  the 
impenitent  thief  is  called  (xesmas,  and  the 
penitent  one  Dismas. 


lltn  patk  Dhmaa.  InfaBx  biftna  ( 

A  MmUtUk  Charm  to  Seart  mmnn  TMaaoa 

Dtanaa  In  paradlaa  wonld  dwalL 
Bnt  Ganaa  choaa  his  lot  la  ban. 


Dtimain,  a  French  lord  in  attendance 
on  Ferdinand  king  of  Navarre.  lie 
agreed  to  spend  three  years  with  the  king 
in  study,  during  which  time  no  woman 
was  to  approach  the  court.  Of  course,  the 
compact  was  broken  as  soon  as  made,  and 
Dumain  fell  in  love  with  Katharine. 
When,  however,  he  proposed  marriage, 
Katharine  deferred  her  answer  for  twelve 
months  and  a  dav,  hoping  by  that  time 
**  his  face  wonld  be  more  bearded,"  for, 
she  said,  "  I'll  mark  no  words  that 
smooth-faced  wooers  say." 

Tha  TOont  Dnnain.  a  wdl-aceomplbhad  jroath. 
or  all  that  Tlrtoa  lora  far  rirtoo  lovad ; 
Moat  powar  to  do  mott  harm,  laaat  knowing  01 } 
For  be  bath  wit  to  make  an  iU  ahapa  good. 
And  riiapa  to  win  vet,  tho'  he  bad  no  wit. 
ghahcapaare.  Xoaa*  LabouT'$  Lttt,  act  li.  ac.  1  (IflMV 

Du'marin,  the  husband  of  C!ym'oent, 
and  father  of  UarlnaL— Spenser,  Fairy 
Quden^  iii.  4. 


DUMAS. 


278 


DUNCIAD. 


Doinas  {Alexandre  2>.))  in  1846,  pab- 
liihed  sixty  volumes. 

lb«  mort  tUllbl  coptM.  writing  U  hoan  •  d^r  CM  wUh 
diiBeulljr  do  3000  leOen  In  an  hour,  wfaloh  glvM  him 
46.800  |W  diem,  or  60  pacM  of  •  romance.  Tbtu  he 
ooiild  oopjr  B  Tohimes  oetavo  per  month  and  W  In  a  jrear. 
wppodns  that  be  dU  not  low  one  second  of  time,  but 
variied  without  ccadng  IS  hoon  erery  dajr  throughoot  the 
entire  jrear.— De  Mlreooott.  Dumtas  Pirt  (1867). 

Dumb  Ox  {The).  St  Thomas 
Aqui'mts  was  so  odled  by  his  fellow- 
students  at  Cologne,  from  his  taciturnity 
and  dreaminess.  Sometimes  called  **  The 
Great  Dumb  Ox  of  Sicily."  He  was  large- 
bodied,  taX^  with  a  brown  complexion, 
and  a  large  head  partly  bald. 

Of  a  troth.  It  abno^t  makes  me  famgh 

To  tee  men  leavf  iig  the  golden  grain. 

To  gather  in  pUei  the  pItiAiI  chaff  ,  ^    , 

That  old  Peter  Lomhard  thradied  with  Us  bnln. 

To  have  It  cauKfat  up  and  tosnd  again 

On  the  horns  of  the  Dumb  Ox  of  Oologna. 

Longfellow,  The  tfoU«M  £sf«iHl. 

(Thomas  Aquinas  was  subsequently 
called  "The  Angelic  Doctor,"  and  the 
"Angel  of  the  Sdiools,"  1224-1274.) 

Dumbiedikes  ( The  old  laird  of),  an 
exacting  landlord,  taciturn  and  obstinate. 

The  laifd  of  Dumbiedikes  had  hitherto  been  moderate 
In  his  esaetioas  ...  but  when  a  stout,  acdire  young 
felkiw  appeared  ...  he  began  to  think  so  bn^d  a  pair 
of  ^oulden  might  bear  an  addltkuul  burden.  Herepi> 
Bated.  Indeed,  his  roanagemenl  of  his  dqwndmU  as 
carter*  do  their  horsai.  never  CaUing  to  dap  an  additional 
bnwa  of  hundred-weights  on  a  new  and  willing  bona.— 
Chap.  8  (1818). 

The  voung  lairdof  Dumbiedikes  (8  sy/.), 
a  bashful  young  laird,  in  love  with  Jeame 
Deans,  but  Jeanie  marries  the  presbv- 
terian  minister,  Reuben  Butler.— Sir  W. 
Scott,  Heart  of  MidhUiian  (time,  George 
11.). 

Diun'merar  ( The  Bev.  Dr,\  a  friend 
of  sir  Geoffrey  Peveril.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Peveril  of  the  Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Dummy  or  SurKRNUMKiiARY.  "Ce- 
lim^ne,"  in  the  Pr^cituses  Ridicules^  does 
not  utter  a  single  \rord,  although  she 
enters  with  other  characters  on  the  stage. 

I>limtoU8'tie  {Mr,  Daniel)^  a  young 
barrister,  and  nephew  of  lord  Bhidder- 
skate.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Eedjauntlct  (time, 
George  III.). 

Dun  {Squire),  the  hangman  who 
came  between  Kichard  Brandon  and  Jack 
Ketch. 

And  presently  a  halter  got. 
Made  uf  the  nott  stmng  heinpen  teer. 
And  ere  a  cat  cmild  lick  bis  ear. 
Had  ti£d  him  up  wiih  as  much  art 

As  Dun  himself  could  do  (or's  h«art        

Cotton.  VirifO  TrawmtUd,  hr.  (1677). 

Dun  Cow  {Thc)y  slain  by  sir  Guy 
of  Warwick  on  Dimamore  Heath,  was  the 
cow  kept  by  a  giant  in  Mitchel    Fold 


Imiddle-fM],  Shropshire.  Its  milk  was 
mexhaustibre.  One  day  an  old  wonuuii 
who  had  filled  her  pail,  wanted  to  fill  her 
sieve  also  with  its  milk,  but  this  so  en- 
raged the  cow  that  it  broke  awa^,  and 
wandered  to  Dunsmore,  where  it  was 
killed. 

•^*  A  huge  task,  probably  aa  ele- 
phants, is  stul  shown  at  Warwick  Gastle 
as  one  of  the  horns  of  this  wonderful 
cow. 

Dunbar  and  March  (Qeorge  earl 
of),  who  deserted  to  Henry  IV.  of  Eng- 
land, because  the  betrothal  of  his  daughter 
Elizabeth  to  the  king's  eldest  son  was 
broken  off  by  court  intrigue. 

Elizabeth  Dunbar,  daughter  of  the  earl 
of  Dunbar  and  March,  betrothed  to  prince 
Robert  duke  of  Rothsay,  eldest  son  of 
Robert  III.  of  Scotland.  The  earl  of 
Douglas  contrived  to  set  aside  this  be- 
trothal in  favour  of  his  own  daughter 
Elizabeth,  who  married  the  prince,  and 
became  duchess  of  Rothsay. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Four  Maid  of  Perth  (time,  Henxy 
IV.). 

Duncan  "the  Meek,*'  king  of  Scot- 
land, was  son  of  Ciynin,  and  grandson  of 
Malcolm  II.,  whom  he  succeeded  on  the 
throne.  Macbetii  was  the  son  of  the 
younger  sister  of  Duncan's  mother,  and 
hence  Macbeth  and  Duncan  were  first 
cousins.  Sueno  king  of  Norway  baring 
invaded  Scotland,  the  command  of  the 
army  was  entrusted  to  Macbeth  and  Ban- 
quo,  and  so  great  was  their  success  that 
only  ten  men  of  the  invading  umv  were 
left  alive.  After  the  battle,  king  Duncan 
paid  a  visit  to  Macbeth  in  his  castle  of 
Inverness,  and  was  there  murdered  by 
his  host.  The  successor  to  the  throne  was 
Duncan's  son  Malcolm,  but  Macbeth 
usurped  the  crown. — Shakespeare,  MaC' 
betli  (1606). 

Duncan  {Captain),  of  Knockdnnder, 
agent  at  Rosenenth  to  the  duke  of  Buck- 
ingham.—Sir  W.  Scott,  Heart  of  Mid- 
lothian (time,  George  II.). 

Duncan  {Duroch),  a  follower  of  Donald 
Bean  Lean.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Waverley 
(time,  George  II.). 

Dunce,  wittily  or  wilfully  derived 

from  Duns,  stirnamed  **  Scotus." 

In  the  Gaelic.  d»na*  [MecMt]  "had  hick.'  or  In  con- 
tempt. "  a  poor  Ignorant  creatura."  The  Lowland  Scotch 
has  donM:  "unfortunate,  stupid."— viVsMt  wad  gMrias. 
US.  Sepcambar  31. 1878. 

Dun'ciad  {"the  dunce-epie**)  a  satire 
by  Alexander  Pope — written  to  revenge 


DUNDAS, 


279 


DUNS  8C0TDS. 


hiiDMlf  upon  his  literary  enemies.  The 
plot  is  this:  Eusden  the  poet-lftareate 
bong  d^bd,  the  goddess  of  Dulness  elects 
CoUey  Qhber  as  his  saccessor.  The  in- 
stallation is  celebrated  by  games,  the 
most  impcnrtant  bdxig  the  '*  reading  of 
two  Tdaminous  works,  one  in  Terse  and 
the  other  in  prose,  without  nodding.** 
Kimr  Gibber  is  then  taken  to  the  temple 
of  Dolness,  and  lulled  to  sleep  on  the 
lap  of  the  goddess.  In  his  dream  he  sees 
the  triumphs  of  the  empire.  Finally,  the 
goddess  baring  established  tiie  kingdom 
on  a  firm  basis,  Ni^t  and  CtuuM  are 
restored,  and  the  poem  ends  (1728-42). 

Dundas  (Starvation)^  Henry  Dundas, 
first  lord  Mehriile.  So  odled  because  he 
introdnoed  into  the  language  the  word 
ttarvatiomf  in  a  speech  on  American 
(1775). 


Dnnder  (Sur  David) j  of  Dunder  Hall, 
Dover.  An  hospitable,  conceited, 
vhtmsical  old  gentleman,  who  for  ever 
interrupts  a  spesker  with  "Yes,  yes,  I 
know  it,"  or  "  Be  quiet,  I  know  it**  He 
nudy  finishes  a  sentence,  but  runs  on  in 
this  style :  "  Dover  is  an  odd  sort  of  a — 
sh?**  **Itisadingykindofa^-faumph!** 
•< The  ladies  will  be  happy  to— eh?**  He 
is  Uie  father  of  two  oaughters,  Harriet 
sod  Kitty,  whom  he  accidentally  detects 
in  the  act  of  eloping  with  two  guests. 
To  prevent  a  scand^,  he  sanctions  the 
marriages,  and  discovers  that  the  two 
lovers,  both  in  family  and  fortune,  are 
saitable  sons-in-law. 

Lady  Dwnder^  fat,  ftur,  and  forty  if 
not  more.  A  country  lady,  more  fond  of 
Msking  jams  and  pastry  than  doing  the 
fine  lady.  She  prefers  cooking  to  cro- 
quet, and  making  the  kettle  sine  to  sing- 
ing herself.  (S^  Harrirt  and  Kitty.) 
— G.  Golman,  Ways  and  Means  (1788). 

WOtoa  nowtoo  ri7M-1891]  pliqred  "dr  Antbonjr  Ab«>- 
htt.-*  "rfr  PM«r  Tcttde."  "Wr  DavU  Duider."  waA  "Mr 
JiAa  rabtfeU:'  aad  looked  Um  very  ehaneUn  be  npn- 

■eantf.«^W.  DiMnldMM.  Mtttttwcttoiu. 

\*  «  Sir  Anthony  Absolute,**  in  Tha 
RicaU  (Sheridan):  "sir  Peter  Teazle,'* 
in  The  SGkoolfor  Soandai  (Sheridan). 

I>uiidrear'y  {Lprd)^  a  good-natured, 
indoleniL  blundering,  em  (^-headed 
twell;  the  ehief  character  in  Tom  Tay- 
lor's dramatie  piece  entitled  Our  Ameri- 
can Cottein.  He  is  greatly  characterized 
bv  his  admiration  of  *'  Brother  Sam,"  for 
his  incapacity  to  follow  out  the  sequence 
of  any  train  of  thought,  and  for  supposing 
all  are  insane  who  differ  from  him. 

(Mr.  Sothern  of  the  Haymarket  created 


this  character  by  his  power  of  conception 
and  the  genius  of  his  acting.) 

Duned'in  (3  syL),  Edinburgh. 

On  h«r  flnu-«et  rock 
DwMdfatt  eutie  Wt  •  aacrrt  dwck. 
l^noii,  AiffM  Bmrdt  Mid  8a9tek  JUwUtmn  (18QQ. 

Dunlathmon^  the  family  seat  of 
NnCth,  fi^er  of  Oithona  (9.0.). — Ossian, 
Oithfona, 

Dunmo-w  IPliteli  (The),  given  to 
any  married  couple  who,  at  the  close  oi 
the  first  year  of  their  marriage,  can  take 
their  oath  they  have  never  once  wished 
themselves  unmarried  again.  Dr.  Short 
sent  a  gammon  to  the  princess  Charlotte 
and  her  consort,  prince  Leopold,  while 
they  were  at  Claremont  House. 

*^*  A  similar  custom  is  observed  at  th 
manor   of   Wichenor,    in    Staffordshire, 
where  com  as  well  as  bacon  is  given  tc 
the  '*  happy  pair.** 

(For  a  ust  of  those  who  have  received 
the  flitch  from  its  establishment  see 
Dictionary  of  Phrase  and  Fabte^  251.) 

Diinois  (The  count  de)^  in  sir  W. 
Scott*s  novel  of  Qventin  Dunoard  (time, 
Edward  IV.). 

I>unoi8  tlie  Brave,  hero  of  the 
famous  French  song,  set  to  music  by 
queen  Hortense,  mother  of  Napoleon  111., 
and    called    Partant  pour   aurie.      His 

§ra;^er  to  the  Virgin,  when  he  left  for 
yria,  was: 

Qm /aline  la  pins  bdle, 
Kt  aob  b  plM  rnilUnt. 

He  behaved  with  great  valour,  and  the 
count  whom  he  followed  gave  him  hin 
daughter  to  wife.  The  guest»,  on  the 
brioal  day,  all  cried  aloud : 

Amour  k  la  pin*  baUa  I 
Hoonenr  an  phis  vaiUantl 

Wonte  bjr  M.  de  Laborde  (1809) 

IHin'over,  a  poor  gentleman  Intro- 
duced by  sir  W.  Scott  in  the  introduction 
of  27ie  Heart  of  Midlothian  (time,  George 
11.). 

Dnnrommatliy  lord  of  Uthal,  one 

of  the  Orkneys.     He  carried  off  Oith'ona, 

daughter  of  Nu&th  (who  was  engaged  to 

be  married  to  Gaul,  son  of  Momi),  and 

was  slain  by  Gaul  in  fight. 

Qaul  adtmneed  In  hb  anna.  DonronunaCh  dirank  b»- 
Und  his  oeopta.  But  Uie  near  of  Gaul  pierced  Um 
glooiny  chief:  hte  fword  lopped  offhla  bead  ai  it  bended 
In  deatb<-^)Hian.  OUkotuL 

Duns  Scotus,  called  "  The  Subtle 
Doctor,**  said  to  have  been  bom  at  Duuse, 
in  Berwickshire,  or  Dunstance,  in  North- 
umberland (1265-1308). 

*^*  John      Scotus,     called     Erig^na 


DUN-SHUKKER. 


980 


DUBOTIGES. 


(**  BriB-bom  '*)«  »  f\mtit  Another  per- 
son (*-886).  Erigena  is  aometimes  called 
"  Scotus  the  Wise,"  and  lived  four  cen- 
turies before  **The  Subtle  Doctor.** 

Dnn-Shiuiner  (Augushu)^  a  nom  de 
pitane  of  professor  William  Edmonstoune 
Aytonn,  in  £lachoooS$  Magaxnte  (181ft- 
1805). 

Dunsmore  Cross  or  Sigh  CroaSf  the 

centre  of  England. 

lUuoc.  Mna.  divert  tfqr  earnm  to  DoMMte.  hf  ftaft 

rroM 
Whw*  ttMM  two  migbty  wtf%  tha  Wattkicand  tb*  r«i^ 
Our  oaotn  •Mm  to  cut 

Drartoa, /M^oBtoN.  idH.  OflSk 

Dunstable  (Ihumright)^  plain  speak- 
ing ;  blunt  honesty  of  speech :  calung  a 
Bimde  a  spade,  without  euphemism. 
Other  similar  phases  are  Plain  VwMtahU; 
DunstcAie  toay,  etc.,  in  allusion  to  the 
proverb,  '*As  plain  as  Dunstable  high- 
way.**--Howell,  Epist.  Bowei..  2 :  Florio, 
Dict.y  17,  86. 

TlMt'i  flat,  rfr.ai iroa  maj  njr.  "dovu^htDaiiMaMa.* 
-4ifB.  OUphaa^  rMaka,fmm^  H.  S. 

Dtms'tan  (^.)*  im^ron  n>nt  of  gold- 
smiths and  jewellers.  He  was  a  smith, 
and  worked  up  all  sorts  of  metals  in  his 
cell  near  Glastonbnnr  Church.  It  was  in 
this  cell  that,  according  to  legend,  Satan 
had  a  gossip  with  the  saint,  and  Donstan 
caught  his  sable  majesty  by  the  nose  with 
a  pair  of  red-hot  forceps. 

Dunthal'mo,  lord  of  Teutha  {the 
Ttceed).  He  went  **  in  his  pride  against 
Kathmor*'  chief  of  Outha  {the  Clvde), 
but  being  overcome,  *'his  rage  arose, *^  and 
he  went  "by  night  with  his  warriors** 
and  slew  Iwhmor  in  his  buiquet  halL 
Touched  with  pity  for  his  two  young 
sons  (Calthon  and  Colmar),  he  took  them 
to  his  own  house  and  brought  them  up. 
**  They  bent  the  bow  in  his  presence,  and 
went  forth  to  his  wars.**  But  observing 
that  their  countenances  fell,  Dunthalmo 
b^an  to  be  suspicious  of  the  young  men, 
and  shut  them  up  in  two  separate  caves 
on  the  banks  of  the  Tweed,  where  neither 
'*  the  sun  penetrated  by  day  nor  the  moon 
by  night.**  Colmal  (the  daughter  of 
Dunthalmo),  disguised  as  a  youn^  war- 
rior, loosed  Calthon  from  his  bonds,  and 
fled  with  him  to  the  court  of  Fingal,  to 
crave  aid  for  the  liberation  of  Colmar. 
Fingal  sent  his  son  Ossian  with  800  men 
to  effect  this  object,  but  Dunthalmo, 
hearing  of  their  approach,  gathered  to- 
gether his  strength  and  slew  Colmar.  He 
also  seized  Calthon,  mourning  for  his 
brother,  and  bound  him  to  an  oak.  At 
daybreak  Ossian  moved  to  the  fight,  slew 


Dunthalmo,  and  having  released  CsHhoa, 
**  gave  him  to  the  white-bosomed  Col«* 
maL**— Ossian,  CalthoH  and  Colmal. 


Dtipely 
pridea   hii 


{Sr  Charlc$)f  a  man  who 
himself  on  his  discernment  of 
character,  and  defied  any  woman  to  en- 
tangle him  in  matrimony ;  but  he  mistook 
lady  Bab  Lardoon,  a  votary  of  fashion, 
for  an  unsophisticated  oountiy  maiden, 
and  proposed  marriage  to  her. 

"  I  Aoakl  Oka  to  M  Um  vona^]*be 

•nT^anaa  l' wffl  jjaemm tkm wtulm artaMai bar 
—BaifojnMb  Th*  Hald^lkt  Oafa,  L  L 

I>upr6  [I>u.pray^,  a  servant  of  M. 
Darlemont,  who  assists  his  master  in 
abandoning  Julio  count  of  Harmaoour 
(his  ward)  in  the  streets  of  Pisris,  for  the 
sake  of  becoming  possessor  of  his  ward^s 
property.  Duprtf  repents  and  confesses 
the  crime.— Th.  Holcroft,  Tht  Deaf  and 
Dumb  (1786). 

Duran'dal^  the  sword  ol  Orlando, 
the  workmanship  of  fairies.  So  admirable 
was  its  temper  that  it  wonld  **deave  the 
Pyrenees  at  a  blow.**— Ariosto,  OHamdo 
iStriodO  (1516). 

Durandar'te  (4  fylX  a  knight  who 

fell  at  Roncesvall^  (4  syL),    Dunmdartd 

loved  Belerma,  whom  he  served  for  seven 

vears,  and  was  then  slain :  but  in  dyin^ 

he  rei^uested  his  cousin  Montesi'nos  to 

take  his  heart  to  Belerma. 

Sweat  iB  ■Human,  hirtai  flnroar, 
Mlldte  taaapar,  Sa*M  iB  r 


Dur'den  {Dame)^  a  notable  eonntry 
gentlewoman,  who  kept  five  men-servants 
**to  use  the  spade  and  flail.*'  and  fivo 
women-servants  "to  cany  the  milken- 
nail."  The  five  men  loved  the  five  maids. 
Their  names  were : 


MaO  and  Bat,  and  DoUa»S  Katac  sad  Donl^i 

taU: 
Jobn  and  Dick,  and  Joa  and  Jack,  and  Homphiaj  with 

hlaflalL 

A  WtU-kmamm  GiM. 


(In  Bleak  Hornet  bv  C.  Dickens,  Esther 
Summerson  is  playfully  called  **Dame 
Durden,*') 

Duretete  (CsptoM),  a  rather  heavy 
eentleman,  who  takes  lessons  of  gallantry 
rrom  his  friend,  young  Mirabd.  Veiy 
bashful  with  ladies,  and  for  ever  sparring 
with  Bisarre,  who  teazes  him  unmerci- 
fully [i>t4r»-<ai<,  Be-zar^.'-Q,  Farquhar, 
Tha  Intxmaiaal  (1702). 

Durinda'na,  Orlando*s  sword,  ipyeo 
him  by  his  cousin  Malagi'gL  This 
sword  and  the  horn  Oli/ant  were  buried 
at  the  feet  of  the  hero. 


DURWARD. 


M 


DWAIF. 


*  • 


*  ClMr1emagnc*0  sword  "Joyeuse** 
also  buried  with  him,  and  "  Tixo'Dm" 
boned  wHh  the  Od. 

]>aroti'gee  (4  tyL).  Below  the 
Hedtti  (those  of  Somen^shire)  came  the 
Dorotigte^  sometimes  called  Mdr^nL 
llieir  capital  was  Dn'rinom  {Dorchester), 
mad  then-  territory  extended  to  Viodfil'ia 
{Portiamd  /siff).— Richard  of  Cirencester, 
A»eimU  ataU  of  BrUam^  vi.  16. 

DnjrtoB.  iVioMMi.  xtL  (mSK 

Doi'ward  (Quenfm),  hero  and  title 
«f  a  novel  by  sir  W.  Scott.  Qnentin 
Dnrward  is  the  nej^ew  of  Ludovic  Lealy 
(Manamed  Le  Balafre).  He  enrolls  him- 
self in  the  Scottish  gnud,  a  company 
of  aiehers  in  the  pav  of  Louis  XI.  at 
FVasb  1^  '^^^^'Hi  '^  M^M  the  kinff  in 
a  boar-hnnfc.  ^Hien  Li^  is  assaiuted 
hy  ia— fgtnta,  Qnentin  Durward  and  the 
eoantesa  Isabelle  de  Croye  escape  on 
haneback«  The  ooontesa  publicly  refuses 
to  marry  the  dnc  d'Orl^ans,  and  ultimately 
the  yoong  Scotchman. 


Dosronzial,  one  of  the  two  steeds 
of  Cothollin  general  of  the  Irish  tribes. 
The  other  was  <*  Snlin-Sifadda  "  {q.v.). 

HiMCha  MliUaorftsarlinMiib*  mortliif 
oaMl.  hijtb-lMad«d.   rtranf-boorcd. 
of  tb«  hULHIianMliDiMraiiiia. 
MMoftbcnpord  .  .  .  tk« [Hm] •t«r4i 
t  of  aiM  er  ow  tiM  vaka.    The  wOiImm  of 
*»  h  k  th«tr  eowH,  fho  rtraoslh  of  m^M  iwiMrllni 

BotA  School  of  painting^,  noted 
fbr  its  exactness  of  detail  and  tnithful- 
■csstolife: — 

Y<KtportraiU :  Rembrandt,  Bol,  Flinch, 
Bab,  aMl  Yandeihelst. 

futconecrwaUonpieoa:  Gerhard  Donw, 
Tcrtars,  Metcn,  Mieris,  and  Netscher. 

For  AMP  iife :   Ostard,  Bower,  and  Jan 


For  lamdaoapes:  Rnysdael,  HobbSma, 
Gbyp,  Vandemeer  {vaoonii^t  tcenes), 
Berdiem,  and  A.  Both. 

For  battle  tcenet:  Wocrermans  and 
Had^enbnra. 

For  wutrme  pieoe$:  Yanderelde  and 
Bakhidxen. 

For  ttHi  Hfe  and  pMoert :  Kalf ,  A.  ran 
Utiichi,  Van  Hoysom,  and  De  Ueem« 

Datton  (Mre^  I>oU}i)^  dairy-maid  to 
file  doke  of  ArffyU.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Heart 
9f  Midhtkkm  (iuaB,  George  II.). 

DwarC  Hie  following  are  oele- 
biated  dwarfs  of  real  lif^ : — 

AsonoiLEOtA,  S  feet  4  inches.  One  of 
4'eKa*B  free  miUds. 

AumlToa,  the  poet    **So  smaH," 


says  AthentBos,  "that  no  one  oonld  see 
him." 

Bbbr  (3  9yL)y  2  feet  9  inchest  The 
dwarf  of  Stanislas  king  of  Poland  (died 
1764). 

BoRUWLASKi  (Count  Joeephy^  2  feet 
4  faiches.  Died  aged  98  (17M^18a7). 
He  had  a  brother  and  a  sister  botii 
dwsffb. 

BucHiNOKR  (Matthew)^  who  had  no 
arms  or  legs,  hvtjhs  from  the  shouldehi. 
He  coold  draw,  write,  thread  needles, 
and  play  the  hantboy.  Fac-similes  of 
his  writing  are  preserred  among  the 
Harleian  MSS.  (born  i674-*>. 

Chuko,  recently  exhibited  with  Chang 
the  giant. 

Colo'bri  (Prince),  of  Sleswig,  i6 
inches;  weight.  25  lbs.  (1851). 

CoxoPAS.  3  feet  4  inches.  One  of  the 
dwarfs  of  Julia,  niece  of  Aogustus. 

CoppERiiiif,  the  dwarf  of  the  princess 
of  Wales,  mother  of  Geoive  III.  11m 
last  court-dwarf  in  England 

Crachami  (Caroime),  a  Sicilian,  bom 
at  Palermo^  20  inches.  Her  skeleton  is 
preserved  m  Hunter's  Museum  (1814- 
1844). 

Deckbr  or  DucKEB  (John)f  2  feel 
6  inches.    An  Englishman  ^1610). 

Farrbl  (Owen),  8  feet  9  incbM.  Bom 
at  Cavan.  He  was  of  enormous  strength 
(died  1742). 

Fkrry  (Niehoha).  usually  called  B<^, 
oontemponury  with  Boruwlaski.  He  was 
a  native  of  France.  Height  at  death, 
2  feet  9  inches  (died  1787). 

Gibson  (Sicnard)  and  his  wife  Anne 
Shepherd.  Neither  of  them  4  feet. 
Gibson  was  a  noted  portrait  Dainter,  and 
apage  of  the  back-stairs  in  the  court  of 
Cnanes  I.  The  king  honoured  the  wed- 
ding with  his  presence;  and  they  had 
nine  chUdren  (1615-1690). 

DMicn  or  ^aaoe  niakas  oUmr  vlTi^ 
But  Ifstino  dM  thh  naleb  ooatrt^o. 

WaUorOStfl. 

HuDsoir  (Sit  Jeffrey),  18  indies.  He 
was  bom  at  Oaknam,  in  Rutlandshire 
(1619-1678). 

Lucius,  2  feet ;  weight,  17  lbs.  The 
dwarf  of  the  emperor  Augustus. 

Philb'tas,  a  poet,  so  small  that  "  be 
wore  leaden  dioes  to  prevent  being  blown 
away  by  the  wind  **  (died  b.c.  280). 

Philips  (CcUtin)  weighed  less  than 
2  lbs.  His  thighs  were  not  thicker  than 
a  man's  thumb.  He  was  bom  at  Bridge- 
water,  Massachusetts,  in  1791. 

RiTCHix  (David),  8  feet  6  inches. 
Native  of  Tweeddale. 


DWARP. 

SouvBAT  (ThartK). 

8T6UKIH  (C.  H.)  of  Nnrcmbeig  wu 
Ism  than  S  feet  at  tha  i«e  of  £0.  llii 
fktber,  tnather.  brollien.  and  aisUn  vera 
all  uodei  tbe  medium  hdght. 

Thumb  (Otneral  Tom).  Hia  rul  name 
m*  Charlea  8.  Stmtton ;  26  incheB ; 
VORht,  35  Iba.,  at  the  a^c  of  25.  Bom 
■t  Bridgeport,  Connecticut,  United  3t»te«, 


DYING  3ATING3. 


Thl-mf    (Tom),   S  feel 

Dutch  dwarf. 
XiT,  the  roT>1  dnarf  ol 
*.•  NicenhoniB  Caliata 

Egyptian    Swart    "  not 

partridge." 


I  inchei.     A 


Pac'ol 


I  Valeni 


the  dungeon  0 
if  kiuK  Pepin  . 
quenlly  earned  Valentine  to  the  palace 
of  Alexander,  hia  father,  emperor  of 
Congtan^nople.  —  Vatentme  and  Onon 
{flflcenth  century). 

Dwarf  {Tie  Blaci),  a  fury  of  malig- 
tiant  uropeniitiea,  and  conBidered  tiie 
author  of  all  the  miscbiet  of  the  neigh- 
bourhood.  In  >ir  Walter  Scott's  novel 
■a  called,  this  imp  ii  introduced  under 
varioua  aikaei,  aa  air  Kdwaid  Uauley, 
Klahandei  the  recluae.  cannie  Elahie,  and 
tbe  Win  Wight  of  Uickleitue  Moor. 

D'warf  Alberlch,  tbe  guardian  oT 

qaiflhed  by  Siegfried,  who  getopoqasBaion 
of  hia  cloak  of  iniieibility,  and  makes 
bimaeir  maatar  of  the  hoard.— Titi  Xitb,- 
Uagen  Litd  {UIO). 

Swaxf  Peter  an  allegorical  ro- 
mance by  Ludwig  Tieck.  Tlie  dwaif  ia 
a  caatle  apectre,  who  adviaei  and  aids  the 

The  dwarf  ia  meant  for  "  the  Uw  in  our 
memberB,  which  wan  agaioat  tbe  law  of 
our  minda,  and  brings  ua  into  capljrity 
to  the  law  of  OB." 

Dwlnlng  (Hmidw),  a  potUnnr  or 
apothecary. — Sir  H'.  Scott,  thir  Maid  of 
Ptrih  (Ume,  Henry  IV.). 


DTOTT  STREET. 


EASTWARD  HOS. 


HnMnc   I 
Moo.    Qnlit 


■AMNaoflL   MoBSieal  La oadoa  Fmncalae !  F«C* 
KatouovIIL    Was  yon  at  Sedan  t   (To  Dr.  Oob> 
God  I  haf«doiMm]rdal]r. 

FAiJiai'\tha  actorL  Hmtb  k  another  and  a  tettv 
emtnr.  (Ilila  he  akl  as  tba  •tafB.  It  being  a  Hnt  In  tha 
fevtha «M aednB.    rtom  Tkm Mrmmgti:} 

Tmltmimml.    Omjrcoontqr. howl wvaflMal 

roAMma.   J«al 

Pun.    Fihititiip  fcertf  h  bat  a  part  of  ^rtne. 

t  R^aw.aia.    Lm  dovn  the  cnrtala,  the  fur*  k 

iASOi  .     -  -        -         . 


T  KAWi.aia.    Let  dovn  the  cnrtala,  the  Euce  li  oeeK 
8a!D  (fieeryek-    filiiiir  ia  vodura.    (Meaaii^  "Leare 
ftetooik  ffaea.  do  not  oover  tt  over  with  brkka  or  MonaL* 


Many  thbiCi  are  griming  piatai  and  dear 
foa  aUI    (To  hii 


BCMlUia 

(afer    rattM').    Ood 

'f 


I  know  that  tuf 
_  the  9oed  eld  caina. 

—    Otftow  «•  ovo  a  eoek  to 

flTAb  (JKda.  4«».    I  haaa  lo««l  God.  mr 


HI 
Loi4.kito1^lMndsI 
(Aor^    in  be  ihot  ir  I  dont 


dia 


I  nvqiiritl 
bettere  I'm 


III.  (of 
khp^rfctea.) 

WuuAM  of  IUmav.  O  Ood.  hata 
aadwAChlipeornatloBl  flhtewaea 
If  Buch^ar  Goafd,  IfiSi.) 

~         jOmwratj.   Wtetl  <o  th^nnataeadyt  Then 


On  thk  Ian  loi«?   (To 

upon  net 
dMt 


•  ♦ 


That  vtaieh  I  then  add  I  mmf. 

imtxm,    rrhii  to  the  prieet  who 

1  aeeaeed  the  priacea  Bixabeth 

andttathe  now  alleged  her  to 

Those  Dunes  preceded  by  siiniUr 
pflcrows  indicate  that  the  "djring  words** 
Merihed  to  them  are  identiclil  or  nearly 
•o.  Thus  the  *  before  Charlemagne) 
Cohimbas,  lad^  Jane  Gr^,  and  Tasso, 
diowi  that  thexr  words  were  alike.  So 
with  tiie  t  before  Augostusi  Demonax, 
aad  Rabelais ;  the  X  before  Louis  XYlll. 
sad  Vespasian ;  the  §  before  Ciesar  and 
Massanieilo ;  the  {  before  Arria,  Hunter, 
■ad  Louis  XIY  < ;  and  the  ^  before  Goethe 
and  Talma. 

Drott  Street  (Bloomsbuir  Square, 
Lonoon),  now  called  George  Street  St. 
Giles.  The  famous  song  "  In  my 
Chamber  that*s  next  to  the  Sky**  is  in 
BonbattM  Fvrioao,  by  T.  B.  Rhodes 
(1T90). 

Dys'oolxUy  Moroseness  personified  in 
The  FwrjOe  ikaaid,  by  Phineas  Fletcher 
(1633).  '*  Be  nothing  Uked  or  praised.** 
Folly  described  in  canto  viii.  (Greek, 
dusk/Uot,  «« fretful.**) 


or  Demas,  the 
pcnitaot  tiiief  crucified  with  our  Lord. 
The  impenitent  thief  is  called  Gesmas  or 


bifeltahiflMi 

^•»trtqfa  Okmrm. 

thief  Dbmae  went, 
died 


Eadbnrgh,  daughter  of  Edward  the 
Elder,  king  of  England,  and  Eadgifu  his 
wife.    When  three  years  old,  her  father 

{>laced  on  the  child  some  rings  and  brace- 
ets,  and  showed  her  a  chalice  and  a  book  of 
the  Gospels,  asking  which  she  would  have. 
The  chUd  chose  the  chalice  and  book,  and 
Edward  was  pleased  that  **the  child 
would  be  a  daughter  of  God.**  She 
became  a  nun,  and  lived  and  died  in 
Winchester. 

Eagle  (The),  ensign  of  the  Roman 
legion.  Before  the  Cimbrian  war,  the 
wolf,  the  horse,  and  the  boar  were  also 
borne  as  ensigns,  but  Marlns  abolished 
these,  and  retained  the  eagle  only,  hence 
called  emphatically  "  The  Roman  Bird.** 

Eagle  {The  Theban),  Pindar,  a  native  of 
Thebes  (b.o.  618-442). 

Ea^le  of  Brittany,  Bertrand  Du- 
guesclin,  oonstable  of  France  (1320- 
1380). 

Ectf'le  of  Divines,  Thomas  Aqui'- 
nas  (1224-1274). 

Eagle  oi  Meaux  [Mo],  Jacques 
B^nigne  Bossuet,  bishop  of  Meaux  (1627- 
1704). 

Eagle  of  the  Doctors  of  France, 
Pierre  d'Aillv,  a  great  astrologer,  who 
maintained  that  the  stars  foretold  the 
great  flood  (1350-1426). 

Eamsoliffe  (Patrick),  the  young 
laird  of  Eam8cliff.--Sir  W.  Scott,  Black 
Dxoarf  (time,  Anne). 

East  Baxons  or  Essex,  capkal 
Colchester,  founded  by  Erchinwin. 
Sebert  began  to  reign  in  Essex  in  604, 
and,  according  to  tradition,  where  West- 
minster Abbey  now  stands  was  a  heathen 
temple  to  Apollo,  which  he  either  con- 
verted into  a  church  called  St.  Peter's, 
or  pulled  down  and  erected  a  church  so 
called  on  the  same  site. 

.  .  .  fromthelolBf  erirelilnwhi(whotBlied 
Th' lutaaxonir  kingdom  Int)  brave  Sebert  may  be 

praleed. 
[irfto]  began  the  goodlrdiardi  of  Weetailnster  to  rear. 
Orejrton.  PplplMon,  xL  (1813). 

Eastward  Hoe,  a  comedy  by  Ch4p- 
man,  Marston,  and  Ben  Jonson.  For 
this  drama  the  three  authors  were  im- 

{irisoned  **  for  disrespect  to  their  sovereign 
ord  king  James  1.'*  (1606).    (See  Wkst- 
iVakd  Uok.) 


XA8T. 


184 


ECTOR  DE  MARIS. 


Easy  {Sw  Charles),  a  man  who 
bat«8  iroable ;  "  so  lazy,  even  in  Ida 
plcamircs,  that  he  would  rather  loee  the 
woman  of  his  pureait,  than  go  through 
any  trouble  in  securinjg  or  keeping  her.** 
He  MTS  he  is  resolved  m  future  to  **  follow 
no  pleasure  that  rises  above  the  degree 
of  amusement."  **  When  once  a  woman 
comes  to  reproadi  me  with  vows,  and 
uMge^  and  such  stuff,  I  would  as  soon 
hear  her  talk  of  bills,  bonds,  and  eject- 
ments; her  passion  becomes  as  trouble- 
some as  a  law-suit,  and  I  would  as  soon 
converse  with  mjr  solicitor"  (act  iii.). 

Lady  Easy,  wife  of  sir  Charles,  who 
dearly  loves  him,  and  knows  all  his 
**  naughty  ways,"  b«t  never  shows  the 
slightMt  indication  <A  ill  temper  or 
ieaiow.  At  last  she  wholly  leclaiMs 
liim.~Colley  Gibber.  Tht  CareUss  Hm^ 
bamd  (1704). 

Ziberson  (Earhy  the  young  son  of 
WUUam  de  la  Ifarok  **  The  Wild  Boar  of 
Ardennes."— Sir  W.  Scott,  QmmUm  Dur- 
ward  (time,  Edward  lY.). 

Eblifl,  monarch  of  the  spirits  of  evil. 
Once  an  angel  of  li^t,  but,  refusing  to 
worship  Adam,  he  Tost  his  high  estate. 
Before  his  fall  he  was  called  Aza'zel. 
The  Koran  says :  "When  We  [God]  said 
unto  the  Kngels,  'Worship  Adam,'^they 
all  worshipped  except  Eblis,  who  refused 
.  .  .  and  became  of  the  number  of  un- 
believers "  (ch.  iL). 


RkperM<iwMflMtor«foanr  inBa.wli(M  noble  mmI 
tiUPilar  tmXmm  Mcned  to  novo  omq  tamlAod  hf  ■■■§- 
nant  vaponn.  In  hkkrg««jrMap|M*f«d  both  pridoaad 
dcvpsir.  Hb  flowing  halt  rBlalued  Mine  nMoiMioco  to 
tlMi  oTan  aofd oTIIiht.  In  btobud(whkiithaMtarhad 
bhstod)  be  iwayed  the  Iroa  neptre  Unit  ranw  the  afHti 
UK  all  Uie  powan  of  the  ebyv  to  tremble.— W.  Becktod. 
rathtkiVbti. 

Bbon  Spear  (Knigki  of  the)^  Brito- 
mart,  daughter  of  king  Ryence  of  Wales. 
—Spenser,  FaSry  Queen,  ui.  (1590). 

ISbrati(%  son  of  Mem|)rie  f  son  of  Gueft- 
dSlen  and  ludden)  mvtkHcal  King  of  Eng- 
land. He  built  Kaer-brauc  T  Fori],  about 
the  time  that  David  reigned  in  Judea.— > 
GeoflPiey,  British  History,  U.  7  (1142). 


Bgr  Kbtankli  poverftal  I 
T^ikmii  her  teweie  aloft. 

DngrtM.  i*My»'Meiik  viU.  OtlSli 

Ebu'dn,  the  Hebridte. 

Ecclesiastioal  History  (The 
ntthm  of),  Eusebint  of  Cbsar^a  (264- 
840). 

*«*  His  ffittona  Sooletiastiea,  in  ten 
books,  begins  with  the  birth  of  Christ  and 
conolttdes  with  the  defeat  of  Licinins  b/ 
CoDstantine,  a.d.  824. 


Boheph'ron,  mn  old  soldier, 
rebuked  the  advisers  of  king  Piero^^c 
(3  syi.),  by  relating  to  them  the  fable  of 
iTie  Man  and  his  Hd'p'orih  of  MUM,  The 
fable  is  as  follows : — 

A  •boemaker  boagbt  a  ba*mcb  of  ariR ;  «Hh  (hb  h* 
was  fohtff  to  make  battv ;  ne  butter  «Mto  bof  a  oow ; 
the  eow  waa  to  have  a  oalf ;  the  calf  waete  be  rtieBseil  So* 
a  colt ;  and  the  vmui  wae  to  become  a  nabob;  eolr  be 
cracked  hii  Jog.  aiiBt  hli  mOk.  and  went  npMrfBM  to  bod. 
— Rabdala.  PatUugrmM.  I  3S  (UB^ 

This  fable  is  told  in  the  Arabian  Nights 
("The  Barber's  Fifth  Brother,  AIimw- 
ehar**).  Lafontaxne  has  put  it  into  verse, 
FerretteetiePotauLaU.  Dodsley  has  the 
same,  The  MUk-maid  and  her  PoAof  MUk. 

Boho,  in  classic  poetry,  is  a  fenude, 
and  in  English  also ;  oat  in  Ossian  echo  is 
called  **the  son  of  the  roek.**— Sm^  of 
Seima, 

Bokliart  (The  Faithful)^  a  good 
servant,  who  perishes  to  save  his  master't 
childroi  from  the  mountain  fiends. — Loais 
Tieck. 

(Carlyle  has  translated  this  tale  into 
English.) 

Bdeota,  the  *' Elect**  personified  ka 
The  Purple  Island,  by  Phineaa  Flet- 
cher. She  is  the  daughter  of  Intellect 
and  Yoletta  (free-wiif),  and  ultimately 
becomes  the  bride  oi  Jesus  (Sirist, "  *hM 
bridegroom  "  (canto  xii.,  1883). 

Bat  let  Ibe  Keatt*  M  (Mteeae  fMeber) 

.  .  .  tlMt ions aaderowaed 

Btlett^'i  hTineii  with  tso  tbosHDid  flowen 
Of  cbeieeet  nralee  •  •  •  be  ihesvect  pip& 

GUea  netcber.  CftrM'e  IWii«^Tk.«<a(mo)L 


Zkme'phia,  a  hurricaae,  siBular  to  tbo 
typhoon. 

The  ehcHBg  lypben.  vidiled  fraati  pehit  te  point. .  .  . 
And  dhe  Icuvphia  relpi. 

nuMMoa.  Tk*  Smaom  ("  SoBiaMr."  ITtH, 

Scole  des  Femmeo,  a  comedy  of 
Moli^re,  the  plot  of  which  is  borrowed 
from  ttie  noveUetti  of  8er  Giovanni  (1878). 

Sctor  (Sir)*  *'  lord  of  many  parts  of 
England  and  Wales,  and  foster-father  of 
prince  Arthur."  His  son,  sir  Kev  or  Kay, 
was  seneschal  or  steward  of  Aiuur  when 
he  became  king.^-Sir  T.  Uak>iy,  Histcry 
of  Prince  Arthur,  i.  8  (1470). 

%*  Sir  Ector  and  ur  Ector  de  Maria 
were  two  distinct  persons. 

Bctor  de  Karis  (^),  brother  «  of 
sir  Launcelot**  of  Bcnwick,  u«.  Brittany. 

Then  dr  Betorthrev  bk  diidd.  hb  cword.  and  bbbeiaa 
from  hlni.and.  .  .hefaDdownbiAfvoon:  andvbeaho 
•wakfd.H««r»hai4  far  anj  leasM  to  taD  ihe  doloAd 
cowplalata  flewe«i*Mllew<;that  he  made  for  bis  trotbor. 
*'  Ah.  rir  Laniiceloi"  mM  b*  "head  of  all  Gbthtlaa 
kniehta."  .  .  .  etc-Alr  T.  Malofy.  Mttanr  ^ 
Arthur,  IlL  176  UiTO). 


SDINA. 


(Tkt  Oordm  of),  Th«e  U  a 
neioa  «f  BavuIa  io  callea,  becaase,  like 
Kden,  itia  watered  bjr  four  gtreama,  tIx., 
the  White  Maine,  the  Egez,  the  Saalie^ 
aodtheNaabe. 

In  the  Kordn  the  word  Eden  means 
**  CTctlMttDg  abode."  Thtuin  ch.  ix.  we 
Rad(  **God  pfomieeth  to  tnie  believera 
caedeBS  of  perpetual  abode,"  liteiaUy 
^gardens  of  Edou** 

Edeny  in  America.  A  dismal  swamp, 
the  rliniatif  of  which  gcneimlly  proved 
fiUal  to  tiM  poor  dopes  who  were  induced 
to  settle  mere  through  the  swindlioK 
one  of  eeneral  Scadder  and 
Chok^.  Be  dismal  and  dan- 
pnmm  was  the  place,  that  even  Mark 
Tapkgr  was  satisfied  te  have  found  at  Ust 
a  plaee  wbece  he  eould  **  eooM  oat  jolij 
with  csedit.**-*<2.  DickeBS,  Martin  Cktu- 

Eden  of  Gtormany  (Das  Eden 
DmdeckUmtds),  Baden  is  so  called  en 
aecevHt  of  its  mountain  seenery,  its 
cztcBsiw  woods,  its  numerous  streams, 
its  mild  ctimatf,  and  its  fertile  soil. 
-  -  id- 


The  valleT  of  Treisam,  in  the  ciaud 
iachr,  is  loeally  called  «<  Hell  TaBey 
{BUlmihmlO.    Between  this  and  the  lak 


lake 
what  is   called    ''Tbe 
Kingdom  of  Heaven.* 

Sdenball  (The  Lnck  €f)f  an  old 
paiBted  soblet,  left  bv  the  faines  on  St. 
Cuthberrs  Well  in  the  garden  of  Eden- 
hiU.  Hie  sopentition  is  that  if  ever  this 
goblst  is  loet  or  broken,  there  will  be  no 
nove  ta£k  in  the  familj.  The  goblet  is 
in  ttw  possession  of  sir  CS&ristOBber  Moa- 
gxave,  bart.^  £<lcnhall,  Oumbenand. 

*^  Loni^ellow  has  a  poem  on  The  Luck 
^  Edemkall,  translated  from  Uhland. 

Sdgar  (960-775),  «*kii»  of  aU  the 
Ea^S/*  was  not  crowned  tiU  he  had 
reified  thirteen  years  (a*b.  978).  Then 
tbe  ceremony  was  performed  at  Bath. 
After  this  he  sailed  to  Chester,  and  eight 
of  Ida  vassal  kings  came  with  their  fleets 
to  pay  him  homage,  and  swear  fealty  to 
kim  by  land  and  sea.  The  eight  are 
{kmgtjf  SooU),  Malcolm  <<^ 
0,  Maocns 


it/ the  l9ie$),  and 
fve  Welsh  princes,  whose  names  were 
Dufioal,  Si&rth,  Hnwal,  Jacob,  and 
JacfaiL  The  eight  kings  cowed  Edgar  in 
s  boat  (while  he  actMl  as  steersman) 
froBS  Chester  to  St.  John*8,  where  they 
effesed  pmyer,  and  then  returned. 
itriiii.waito  WC^W»T)»r»*.M  MOW  th— testy 


J'9t0»Mim,MiLOSm. 


Edgar,  son  of  Gloucester,  and  his 
lawful  heir.  He  was  disinherited  by 
Edmund,  natural  son  of  the  earL — Shake- 
speare, King  Lear  (1606). 

*«*  This  was  one  of  the  characters  of 
Robert  WUks  (1670-1732),  and  also  of 
Oiarles  Kemble  (1774-1854). 

Edgar,  master  of  Ravenswood.  son  of 
Allan  of  Ravenswood  (a  decayed  Scotch 
nobleman).  Luc^  Ashton,  being  attacked 
bv  a  wild  bull,  is  saved  by  ^gar,  who 
shoots  it ;  and  the  twoj  falling  in  love  with 
each  other,  plight  their  mutmil  troth,  and 
exchan^  love-tokens  at  the  **  Mermaid's 
Fountain.**  While  Edgar  is  absent  in 
France  on  State  affairs,  rir  William  Ash- 
ton, being  deprived  of  bis  ofllce  as  lord 
keeper,  is  induced  to  promise  his  daugh- 
ter Lucv  in  marriage  to  Frank  Hayston, 
laird  of  Bucklaw,  and  they  are  mairied : 
but  next  morning,  Budtlaw  is  founa 
wounded,  and  the  bride  hidden  in  the 
chimney-comer,  insane.  Lucy  dies  in 
convulsions,  but  Bucklaw  recovers  and 
goes  abroad.  Edgar  is  lost  in  the  qoick- 
sands  at  Kelpies  Flow,  in  accordance  idth 
an  ancient  prophecy. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Bride 
of  Lanm»ermoor  (time,  William  III.). 

*«*  In  the  opera,  Edgar  is  made  to  stab 
himself. 

Edgar,  an  attendant  on  prinoe  Robert 
of  SootUnd.--Sir  W.  Scott,  lair  Maid  of 
Perth  (time,  Heaiy  IV.). 

IMigaxdo,  master  of  Ravenswood,  in 
love  wiA  Lucia  di  Lammermoor  [Lrtcy 
A8kt<m\,  While  absent  in  Fiance  on 
State  sfPairs,  the  lady  is  led  to  believe 
him  faithless,  and  consents  to  marry  the 
laird  of  Bucklaw ;  but  she  stabs  him  on 
the  bridal  night,  goes  mad,  and  dies. 
Edgardo  also  stabs  himself. — Donizetti, 
Lucia  di  Lantmermoor  (1835). 

*«*  In  the  novel  called  The  Bride  of 
Lammennoor^  by  sir  W.  Scott,  Edgar  is 
lost  in  the  qmcksands  at  Kelpies  Flow,  in 
aooordance  with  an  ancient  prophecy. 

ZSdseirorth  (rAbbe),  who  attended 
Louis  A YI.  to  the  scaffold,  was  called 
**Mons.  de  Firmount,*'  a  corruption  of 
Fairymount,  in  Longford  (Irolantl),  where 
the  Edgeworths  had  extensive  domains. 

Sdging  {Mittre8$)y  a  pryins:,  mischief- 
making  waiting-woman,  in  The  Careiese 
Smebandy  by  Colley  Cibber  (1704). 

ljdi'na»  a  poetical  form  of  the  word 
Edinburg.  It  was  first  employed  by 
Buchanan  (1506-1582). 

And  pal*  Bdfna  itnMtftd  al  Um  wotid. 
Vjfttm,  MmgUak aare* mm'  '      '  ~    ' 


EDINBITR6. 


286 


EDWARD  STREET. 


Bdinburg,  a  corruption  of  Edwins- 
bvuff,  the  fort  built  by  Edwin  king  of 
Northumbria  (616-688). 

*4,*  Dun-Ed  in  or  Dnnedin  is  a  mere 
tnnilation  of  Edinbuig. 

Sdith*  daughter  of  Baldwin  the 
tutor  of  RoUo  and  Otto  dukes  of  Nor- 
numdy. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The 
Bloody  Brother  (1689). 

ITdiih,  the  "maid  of  Lorn**  {Argyll- 
$hire)f  was  on  the  point  of  being  married 
to  lord  Ronald,  when  Robert,  Edward, 
and  Isabel  Bruce  sought  shelter  at  the 
castle.  Edith's  brother  recognized  Robert 
Bruce,  and  being  in  the  English  interest, 
a  quarrel  ensued.  The  abbot  refused  to 
marry  the  bridal  pair  amidst  such  dis- 
cord. Edith  fled,  and  in  the  character  of 
a  page  had  many  adventures,  but  at  the 
restoration  of  peace,  after  the  battle  of 
Bannockbum,  was  duly  married  to  lord 
Ronald.~Sir  W.  Scott,  Lord  of  the  lalet 
(1815). 

Edith  (The  lady),  mother  of  Athel- 
stane  "  uie  Unready "  (thane  of  Con- 
ingsburgfa). — Sir  W.  Scott,  Ivanhoe  (time, 
Richard  I.). 

£dith  [Granobr],  daughter  of  the 
Hon.  Mrs.  Skewton,  married  at  the  age  of 
18  to  colonel  Granger  of  "Ours,"  who 
died  within  two  years,  when  Edith  and 
her  mother  lived  as  adventuresses.  Edith 
became  Mr.  Dombey*s  second  wife,  but 
the  marriage  was  altogether  an  unhappy 
one,  and  she  eloped  with  Mr.  Carker  to 
Dijon,  where  she  left  him,  having  taken 
this  foolish  step  merely  to  annoy  her 
husband  for  the  slights  to  which  he  had 
subjected  her.  On  leaving  Carker  she 
went  to  live  with  her  cousin  Feenix,  in  the 
south  of  England. — C.  Dickens,  Dombey 
and  Sim  (1846). 

Edith  Plantagenet  {The  lady), 
called  "The  Fair  Moid  of  Anjon,"  a 
kinswoman  of  Richard  I.,  and  attendant 
on  aueen  Berenga'ria.  She  married 
Davia  earl  of  Huntingdon  (prince  royal 
of  Scotland),  and  is  introdut^  by  sir  W. 
Scott  in  The  Talisman  (1825). 

Edmund,  natural  son  of  the  earl 
of  Gloucester.  Both  Goneril  and  Regan 
(daughters  of  king  Lear)  were  in  love 
with  him.  R^pin,  on  the  death  of  her 
husband,  designed  to  marry  Edmund, 
but  Goneril,  out  of  jealousy,  poisoned  her 
sister  Regan.— ShiUiespeare,  King  Lear 
(1605). 

2Sdo'n1iui  Band  (7^),  the  priest- 


esses and  other  ministers  of  Bacchna,  ao 
called  from  Edo'nus,  a  mountain  of 
Thrace,  where  the  rites  of  the  wine-god 
were  celebrated. 

Aoospl  Um  ritaa  your  bounty  veil  nu^  dtliB, 
Mot  bMd  the  KoOiv  of  th' Sdiwiu  bMid. 

Edrio,  a  domestic  at  Hereward'a 
barracks.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Omni  Robert  of 
Paris  (time,  Rnfns). 

Edward,  brother  of  Hereward  the 
Varangian  guard.  He  was  sliun  in 
battie.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Count  Bobert  of 
Paris  (time,  Rufus). 

Edward  {Sir).  He  commits  a  morder, 
and  keeps  a  narrative  of  the  teansaction 
in  an  iron  chest.  Wilford,  a  young  man 
who  acts  as  his  secr^ary,  was  one  dapr 
caught  prying  into  this  chest,  and  sir 
Edward*s  first  impulse  was  to  kill  him ; 
but  on  second  thoughts  he  swore  the 
young  man  to  secrecy,  and  told  him  the 
story  of  the  murder.  Wilford,  unable  to 
live  under  the  suspicious  eye  of  air 
Edward,  ran  away;  but  was  hunted  down 
by  Edward,  and  accused  of  robbery.  The 
whole  tranMction  now  became  public,  and 
Wilford  was  acquitted.— G.  (dolman.  The 
Iron  Chest  (1796). 

*^*  This  drama  is  baaed  on  Goodwin'a 
novel  of  Caleb  Williams,  "Williams** 
is  caUed  Wilford  in  the  drama,  and 
"  Falkland  "  b  called  so-  Edward. 


Sowvrbf .  wfaoM  aiiliid  was  ahnqri  In  a 
wout  to  commit  tb*  noM  ridkuloai  rnhflMt. 
when  "air  Bdvard  "  atjrt  to  "  WnConl."  "  You  tnajr  haw 
noticed  in  nv  Ubmy  •  ebvt,**  ha  trampowd  tho  words 
Una:  "Yonmar hava notloadin nurcharta inMai7,'*aDd 
th«  hovM  was  oonvabed  vtth  lattghtsr.— Baaoll,  Aafw** 
ttntmttm  Acttn  (inwidif ) 

Edward  IL,  a  tragedy  by  C.  Mar- 
lowe (1592),  imitated  by  Shakespeare  in 
his  Ridutrd  IL  (1597).  Probably  most 
readers  would  prefer  Marlowe*s  noble 
tragedy  to  Shakespeare^s. 

Edward  IV.  of  England,  intro- 
duced bv  sir  W.  Scott  in  his  novel  entitled 
Akm  of  Geierstein  (1829). 

Ed-ward  the  Black  Prince,  a 

i tragedy  by  W.  Shirley  (1640).    The  snU- 
*ect  of   this  drama  is   the   victory    of 
^oitiers. 

Yot,  PhlUp  kwt  tha  battle  [Omvl  with  tht  oddi 
Of  tfarea  to  ona.    In  this  f /N»a<w«J .  .  . 
Hmjt  hava  our  nomben  man  (baa  twatfa  tinas  toU, 
II  we  can  tnut  report. 

Act  til.  a. 

Edward  Street  (Cavendish  Sonare, 
London),  is  so  called  from  Eaward 
second  earl  of  Oxford  and  Mortimer, 
(See  Henrietta  Street.) 


EBWIDGE. 


287 


EGEUS. 


Bd*widge,  wife  of  WilHam  Tell.— 
~   G^Mmo  Tea  (1829). 


Sdwin  **  the  minAtrel,**  a  youth  living 
m  roaumtk  seclnsioii,  with  a  great  thirst 
for  knowledge.  He  lived  in  Gothic  davf 
in  the  north  eonntrie,  and  fed  hia  flocks 
on  Scotia*8  mountains. 

Bdvta  VM  BO  TO^V  koT* 

gft  sMRMd  to  Ix  hto  lafuii  «)«. 
not.  aor  gande,  mot  tof  . 
p>  of  nrfm  ■hutriln' ; 
KtipaMlay  y9tAfi  •  •  • 
MOwL  yvt  Bono  KBOw  wliy. 
Md  dgboC  r«t  MMMd  ttao  hd : 

belioTod 


Sdwin  and  AngeWntL,  Angelina 
ms  the  dangfater  of  a  wealthy  lord, 
**beude  the  l)rne.**  Her  hand  was 
•ought  in  mamage  bv  many  soitors, 
uamigst  whom  was  Edwin,  "who  bad 
■either  wealth  nor  power,  bnt  he  had 
both  wisdom  and  worth.**  Angelma 
k>Tcd  him,  but  '*  trifled  with  him,^  and 
Edwin,  in  despair,  left  her,  and  retired 
from  ^M  world.  One  day,  Anj^na,  in 
boy's  clothes,  asked  hospitality  at  a 
bcnDtt**  cell;  she  was  kindly  enter- 
tained,  UM  her  tale,  and  the  hermit 
pfoved  to  be  Edwin.  From  that  hour 
tiKy  never  parted  more. — Goldsmith,  The 


BO  of  iMfliv  tekea  thh 

9f  Ordmn  Onqr ...  Nit  tf  tkcn 

iwmm  ttM  twoh  Mr.  Parcy'i  balM 

I  imd  mr  iMdUd  to  Mr.  Pm^.  and 

di  tlMt  ho  ted  tekoomr  ptaa  to 

of  Shokaqmn  Into  •  faoOadof  hk 

17V. 

Bd^rin  and  "BhmTntt^  Emma  was 
a  rustic  beauty  of  Stanemore,  who  loved 
Edwin  **the  pride  of  swains;"  but 
Edwin's  sister,  oat  of  envy,  induced  hb 
fstfaer,  **a  sordid  man,'*  to  forbid  any 
inteicoarae  between  Edwin  and  the 
cottage.  Edwin  pined  away,  and  being 
oo  the  point  of  death,  requested  he  might 
be  allowed  to  see  Emma.  She  came  and 
•aid  to  him,  *'  My  Edwin,  Uve  for  me ;  ** 
bet  on  her  way  home  she  heard  the  death 
bell  toil,  ^ic  just  contrived  to  reach  her 
cottage  door,  cried  to  her  mother,  **  He's 
fOQeT**  and  fell  down  dead  at  her  feet. — 
llaUci,  Edwin  and  Emma  (a  ballad). 


id'yTn,  son  of  Nudd.  He  ousted  the 
ead  of  xn'tol  from  his  earldom,  and  tri«l 
to  win  E'nid  the  earl's  daughter,  but 
failing  in  this,  became  the  evil  genius 
of  tiM  gentle  earl.  Ultimately,  being 
•eoi  to  the  court  of  king  Arthur,  he 
became  quite  a  changed  man — from  a 
spanrow-hawk  "  he  was  con- 


it  i 


verted   into    a   courteous    gentleman  .«> 
Tennyson,  Idytia  of  the  Kmg  («» Enid  *'). 

£eL  The  best  in  the  world  are  those 
of  Ancum,  a  river  in  that  division  of 
Lincolnshire  called  Lindsey  (the  highest 
part^.  The  best  pike  are  from  tlie 
Witham^  in  the  division  of  Lincolnshire 
called  Kesteven  (in  the  west). 

As  KMtovm  doch  boMt  bar  Wjrthua.  m  havo  I 
Mjr  Aacoa  .  .  .  whoot  fun*  ••  br  doth  Sjr 
For  la  and  dalntf  Mb.  ••  hM't  doth  for  iMT  pnm 
Dnitoa,  iVgoUUm,  uv.  (ISSS). 

Sfeao  {St.)f  a  saint  honoured  in  Pisa. 
He  was  a  Roman  officer  [Ephcaus)  in  the 
service  of  Diocletian,  whose  reign  was 
marked  by  a  ^reat  persecution  of  ^e 
Christians.  This  Efeso  or  Ephesus  was 
appointed  to  see  the  decree  of  the  emperor 
against  the  obnoxious  sect  carried  out  in 
the  island  of  Sardinia ;  but  being  warned 
in  a  dream  not  to  persecute  the  servants 
of  the  Lordjboth  he  and  his  friend  Potito 
embraced  Christianity,  and  received  a 
standard  from  Midiael  the  archangel 
himself.  On  one  occasion,  being  taken 
captive,  St.  Efeso  was  cast  mto  a  furnace 
of  fire,  but  received  no  injury ;  whereas 
those  who  cast  him  in  were  consumed  by 
the  flames.  Ultimately,  both  Efeso  and 
Potito  suffered  martyrdom,  and  were 
buried  in  the  island  of  Sardinia.  When, 
however,  that  island  was  conquered  by 
Pisa  in  Ihe  eleventh  century,  the  relics  of 
the  two  martyrs  were  carried  off  and 
interred  in  the  duomo  of  Pisa,  and  the 
banner  of  St.  Efeso  was  thenceforth 
adopted  as  the  national  ensign  of  Pisa.     ' 

Egalitd  (Philippe),  the  due  d'Orl<^s, 
fiUher  of  Louis  Philippe  king  of  France. 
He  himself  assumed  this  ** title"  when 
he  joined  the  revolutionary  party,  whose 
motto  was  "Liberty,  Fraternity,  and 
EgalitiJ "  (bom  1747,  guillotined  1798). 

l^ge'us  (3  syL),  father  of  Her'mia. 
He  summoned  her  before  The'seus  (2  syt.) 
duke  of  Athens,  because  she  refused  to 
marry  Demetrius,  to  whom  he  had  pro- 
mised her  in  marriage  ;  and  he  requested 
thatshemighteitherbe compelled  to  marry 
him  or  else  be  dealt  with  **  according  to 
the  Uw,"  t.«.  **  either  to  die  the  death," 
or  else  to  "  endure  the  livery  of  a  nun, 
and  live  a  barren  sister  all  her  life." 
Hermia  refused  to  submit  to  an  **  un- 
wished yoke,"  and  fled  from  Athens  with 
L^sander.  Demetrius,  seeing  that  Hermia 
disliked  him  but  that  Uel'ena  doted  on 
him,  consented  to  abandon  the  one  and 
wed  the  other.  When  ^€u8  was  in- 
formed thereof,  he  withdrew  nis  somnums, 


E6IL. 


288 


EINERIA8. 


»sd  nve  hi^  consent  to  the  union  <^  his 
dao^ter  with  Lysander.— Shakespeare, 
Midsummer  NiqhTs  Dream  (1592). 

*«*  8.  Knowles,  in  The  Wife,  makes 
the  plot  turn  on  •  similar  "law  of 
■iaRUig«"(1888). 

S'gil«  brother  of  Weland;  •  great 
archer.  One  dav,  king  Nidung  com- 
manded him  to  uioot  at  an  apf)le  placed 
on  the  head  of  his  own  eon.  Egd  selected 
two  arrows,  and  beinf  asked  why  he 
wanted  two,  replied,  **  One  to  shoot  thee 
widi,  O  tynuit,  if  I  faU."* 

(This  is  one  of  the  many  stories  similar 
to  *hat  af  WiiHrnn  XM,  qjf.) 

Ssflo'na,  the  wife  of  Roderick  last 
of  the  Gothic  kings  of  Spain.  She  was 
rery  beanliful,  but  cold-hearted,  vain, 
and  fond  of  j)omp.  After  the  fall  of 
Roderick,  ISgifona  married  Abdal-Aziz, 
tiie  Moorish  governor  of  Spain;  and  when 
Abdal-Azi2  was  killed  oj  the  Moorish 
rebels,  Egilona  fell  also. 

The  popolw  mat 
MI<ai*«mboai:  and  thajr  to  whom  her  momb 
ilalhe«o«  BMik  fur  noekaqr  aad  rapnadi. 
Bhuddarad  with  huoan  horror  lU  hor  fate. 

SoBUugr.  ilMM^ofc.  etc,  xdL  (iSlA). 

Sgla,  a  female  Moor,  servant  to 
Amaranta  (wife  of  Bar'tolus,  the  covetous 
lawyer). — Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The 
Spanish  Curate  (1622). 

Sglamour  (Sir)  or  sik  Bouimorb 
of  Artoys,  a  knight  <Kf  Arthurian  romance. 
Sir  £glanK>ur  and  sir  Pieindamoor  have 
BO  French  original,  although  tbe  names 
•themselves  s»t  Frendi. 

Eg^lamour,  the  person  who  aids  Silvia, 
daughter  of  the  duke  of  Milan,  in  her 
escape. — Shakespeare,  The  Twq  GetUkmoH 
of  Verona  (1594). 

Eglantiiie  (3  nr/.),  daughter  of  king 
Pepin,  and  bride  ef  her  cousin  ValentiBe 
(brother  ol  Orson).  She  soon  died. — 
Valentine  and  Orson  (fi£teenth  century). 

Eglantine  (Madam^f  the  prioress ; 
good-sMtuted,  wholly  ignorant  of  the 
worid,  vain  of  her  delicacy  of  manner  at 
table,  and  fond  of  lap-dogs.  Her  dainty 
oath  was '*  By  Seint  Eloy  !  **  She'^en- 
tuned  the  service  swetely  ia  her  nose,*' 
and  spoke  French  "after  tiie  scole  eif 
Stratford-Atte-Bowe."— Oiauoer,  Canter- 
bury Tales  (1388). 

I6gyi>t.  The  head-^car  of  &e  king 
of  Upper  Egypt  was  a  high  conical  white 
cap,  terminating  in  a  knob  at  the  top. 
That  of  the  king  of  Lower  Egypt  was 
rod.    If  a  king  rmed  over  both  countries, 


he  wore  both  cane,  but  that  of  Lover 
Egypt  was  placed  outside.  This  com- 
posite head-dress  was  called  the  pscheni, 

Egypt^  in  Dryden*s  satire  of  Abadom 
and  AchUophel^  means  France. 
Isypt  a»d  l>iua  [ J>rfa«<|  totaroept  yonr  \ 


L(isau- 

S^fSTptian  Dispositioji  (>4n),  a 
thievish  ppopenaity,  "  gipsy  ^  being  a 
contracted  form  of  Egyptian, 


Ibo 
dliiMNHloa 


It 


I  WM  aeiaid  vttk  a 


ait 

Egyptian  Thief  (i^),  ThvXmis,  a 

native  of  Memi^ts.    Knowing  he  mast 

die.  he  tried  to  kill  Clhariclea,  uie  wonan 

beloved. 

Whr  *oaU  I  Mt.  had  I  tha  Wart  te  do  IL 
Uka  to  th' KgniUaB  thief  at  point  oTda^ 
XHwhatllaret 

fta^ru  jr^M.  aoi  r.  Mk  1  (lau). 


Bights  Wonder  (7:^).  When  Gil 
Bias  rMched  Pennaflor.  a  parasite  entered 
his  room  ia  the  inn,  nudged  him  wHk 
great  energy,  and  cwed  hun  ^  the  eigbtb 
wonder.**  When  Gil  Bias  replied  that  ha 
^d  not  know  his  name  had  spread  so  £ar, 
the  parasite  exclaimed,  **  How  I  we  keep 
a  roister  of  all  the  celebrated  aames 
within  twenty  leagues,  and  have  no  doabi 
Spain  wUl  one  (£ty  be  as  proud  of  ytm 
as  Greece  was  of  the  seven  sages.**  Afler 
this,  Gil  Bias  could  do  no  less  than  aak 
Hit  man  to  sap  with  him.  Omelet  after 
omelet  was  despatched,  trout  was  caUod 
for,  bottle  followed  bottle,  and  when  the 
parasite  was  gorged  to  satiety,  he  rose 
and  said,  "  Signer  Gil  Bias,  don*t  believe 
yourself  to  be  the  eighth  wonder  of  the 
world  becaaae  a  hungry  man  would  feast 
by  flattering  yonr  vanity.**  So  saying, 
he  stalked  away  with  a  langfa. — Lc«age, 
Gil  Bias.  i.  2  (1715). 

(This  incident  is  copied  from  Alemao'a 
romance  of  Owtmam  aAt/aracke,  9.  o.) 

Elkon  BasU'ikd  (4  syL),  the  por- 
traiture of  a  kmg  {i^e.  Qiarlcs  I.),  once 
attributed  to  king  Charles  himself;  but 
now  admitted  to  be  the  production  of  Dc 
John  Gauden,  who  (after  the  rcstoraUon) 
was  first  created  bishop  of  Exeter,  and 
then  of  Worcester  (1606-1662). 

In  the  MIton  gaaUiki  a  itoala  of  taMOt  melaiMhoif 
b  kept  ap,  hoi  the  penoBated  kmw«(«  1b  tather  too 
tfaeatrlcal  for  real  nature,  the  languaee  a  too  fhetarieal 
and  amplMed.  the  perfade  loo  artMdaHr  elabonitod.— 
HnUam.  LUwmwn  9f  Emvp*,  UL    " 


(MUton    wrote    his    EikomodastH    in 
answer  to  Dr.  Gaudea*s  Eikm  BasilM,) 

Siner'iar,  the  haU   of  Odin,   and 
asylum  of  warriors  slain  in  battle,    it 


SINIOK. 


280 


ELEAZAB, 


540  gates,  eaeh  mfficiently  wide  to 
adnit  ei^t  meo  ftbreast  to  pass  through. 
— SoamdmavioH  Mythology, 

Sinlon  (/bfAar),  chaplain  to  Gwen- 
wyn  prince  of  Powys-Und.— Sif  W. 
Seoti,  Tho  Betrothed  (time,  Heniy  II.)* 

SIvir.a  Danish  maid,  who  assumes 
boy's  dotaing,  and  waits  on  Harold  **tbe 
Dumtkfls,**  as  his  page.  Subseqoentlj, 
her  sex  is  diacoverea2and  Harold  marries 
her.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Barold  the  DaunOesa 
(1817). 

"l^^Hi,  sister  of  king  Arthur  by  the 
Bune  mother.  She  married  sir  Nentres 
of  Ouf  ei,  and  was  by  king  Arthur  the 
melber  of  If  ordred.  (See  ELBiit.) — Sir 
T.  Malory,  History  of  Prim»  Arthur,  L 
(1470). 

%*  In  some  of  the  romances  there  is 
great  confusion  between  Elaln  (the  sister) 
and  M orgause  (the  half-sister)  of  Arthnr. 
BoCh  are  called  the  mother  of  Hordred, 
and  boih  are  also  called  the  wife  of  J.iOt. 
Hda,  bowerer,  is  a  mistake.  EUdn  was 
the  wife  of  sir  Nentres,  and  Morganse  of 
iM ;  asd  if  Gawain,  Agrawain,  Gaieth,  and 
GahfCris  were  Rial^ -brothers  of  Mordred, 
as  we  are  told  over  and  over  i^gain,  then 
Morganse  uid  not  Elain  was  his  mother. 
Tcmrfsoa  makes  Bellioent  the  wife  of 
Lot,  bat  this  is  not  in  accordance  with 
any  of  the  lurends  collected  by  sir  T. 
Malory. 

•glA.li%^  (JXtmeJt  daui^ter  of  king 
FeUes  (2  tyi.)  "  of  the  foragn  country,^ 
sad  the  nn wedded  mother  of  sir  Galahad 
by  rir  Laoncelot  du  Lac. — Sir  F.  Malory, 
Mistory  of  Prince  Arthur,  iu.  2  (1470). 

Elame^  dteochter  of  kinjg  Brand<^oris, 
by  wboHi  sir  fiors  de  Ganis  bsd  a  child. 

rir  Boa  •  vlnln,  wto  Cm  oat,  the 
ladasort^on  wbam  1m  1m4  ■  riifld. 
for  hit,  rir  Bon  wm  •  ekm  nuiid.— 
'  V^rtaw  ^rMMr.  flL  4  (1470). 


*«*  It  is  by  no  means  clear  from  the 
history  whether  Elaine  was  the  danghtcr 
•f  kfa^  Btmndegoris,  or  the  daughter  of 
sir  Bofs  and  granddaughter  of  king 
BBsadegoris. 

EiameF  (2  sylX  tiie  strong  contrast  of 
Gvinercre.  UnineTefe*s  love  for  Lance- 
loC  was  gross  and  sensual,  Elaine*s  was 
alsioiiie  and  pore  as  that  of  a  child ;  but 
Doth  were  masterful  in  their  strength. 
JDains  is  called  "the  UIt  maid  of  As'- 
totttt**  ((Tw^^onO,  and 'knowing  that 
1  — ffslot  was  pledged  to  celibacy,  she 
id  died.  According  to  her  dying 
bar  dead  body  was  placed  on  a 


bed  in  a  barge^  and  was  thus  couTeyed 
by  a  dumb  servitor  to  the  palace  of  king 
Arthur.  A  letter  was  handed  to  the  king, 
telling  the  tale  of  £laine*s  love,  and  the 
king  ordered  the  body  to  be  buried,  and 
her  story  to  be  blazoned  on  her  tomb. — 
Tennyson,  IdylU  of  the  King  (**  Elaine  "). 

M'amites  (8  sy/.),  Persians.  So 
called  from  Elam,  son  of  Shem. 

Ml3erioh,  the  most  famous  dwarf 
of  (krman  romance. — The  Heldcnbuch, 

Snx>W,  a  well-meaning  but  loutish 
eonstable.  —  Shakespeare,  Meaawre  for 
Measure  (1603). 

Elden  Hole,  in  Derbyshire  Peak, 
said  to  be  fathomless. 

El  Dora'do,  the  "  golden  city.**  So 
the  Spaniards  caJlcd  ManHioa  of  uoia'na, 

OolaM.  vkotB  grmt  dty  Gofyoa'a  mm 
Odl"IIDonda- 

MUtoo.  i'«r««M  £m(.  zL  4U  a«i). 

El'eanor,  queen-consort  of  Henry  II., 
alluded  to  by  the  prcsbyterian  mtnistor 
in  Woodstock,  x.  (1826). 


**  Bdtore  me.  youiif  nMui.  thy  arant  wm  man  UM/ 
to  mi  vWoM  thM  to  4rmm  idle  dmim  in  UmK  i^aut. 
nent;  for  I  hum  •hnjt  hmrd  ttuU.  nmct  to  Bo«tnoiHrt 
Bower.  In  whloli  .  .  .  riM  v*»r^  Um  wanton,  and  wm 
■ftonrards  polMned  bf  queen  Elennor.  Victor  Lee's 
ehiunber  wm  the  pkioe  .  .  .  peeuUarlj  tlie  hMint  of  eril 
qitnts."-8irW.aeott.  troMMM*  (time.  CommonweyUik 

Bleanor  OroBses,  twelve  or  four- 
teen crosses  erected  by  Edward  I.  in  the 
various  towns  where  the  body  of  his  (nieen 
rested,  when  it  was  conveyed  from  tler- 
delie,  near  Lincoln,  to  Westminster.  The 
three  that  still  remain  are  Geddington, 
Northampton,  and  Waltham. 

(In  front  of  the  Soqth-Eastem  Railway 
station,  Strand,  London,  is  a  model  of 
the  Charing  Cross,  of  the  original  dimen- 
sions.) 

Eleaaar  the  Moor,  innolent,  blood- 
thirsty, lustful,  and  vindictive,  like 
"Aaron,"  in  [Shakespeare's?]  Titus  An- 
dron'icus.  The  lascivious  queen  of  Spain 
is  in  love  with  this  monster. — 0.  Marlowe, 
LusVs  Dominion  or  The  Lasdoious  Qu^en 
(1688). 

Elea'zar,  a  famous  mathematician,  who 
cast  out  devils  by  t^ing  to  the  nose  of  the 
possMsed  a  mystical  ring,  which  the 
demon  no  sooner  smclled  than  he  aban- 
doned the  victim.  He  performed  before 
the  emperor  Vespasian ;  and  to  prove  that 
somediuw  came  out  of  the  possessed,  he 
commanded  the  demon  in  making  off  to 
upset  a  pitcher  of  water,  which  it  did. 
1  lOMgkM  If  Bifarii^  Iwl  beea  pia  ui 

V 


ELECTOR. 


290 


ELIDURE. 


vMb  tkclr  braitli. 
0fi  Blaa,  T.  13 


tmAmfk 
m  bod  w«ra  thaM  dbputaata.->] 
OTM). 

Eleotor  (Ths  Great),  Frederick  Wil- 
liam of  Brandenburg  (1620-1688). 

Sleln,  wife  of  king  Ban  of  Benwick 
(Ifrittanyjf  and  mother  of  eirLauncelotand 
sir  Uonell.  (See  Elain .)— Sir  T.  Malorj, 
Iljtory  of  Prince  Arthur,  i.  60  (1470). 

Eleven  Thoxisand  Virgins  ( The), 
the  virgins  who  followed  St.  Ur'snhi  in 
her  flight  towards  Rome.  They  were  all 
massacred  at  Oologne  by  a  party  of  Hans, 
and  even  to  the  present  hoar  "their 
bones  **  are  exhibited  to  visitors  through 
windows  in  the  wall. 

A  calendar  in  the  Freisingen  codex 
notices  them  as  **SS.  M.  XI.  YIR- 
GINUM,"  that  is,  ^even  virgin  mar- 
tyrs; bat  "M"  (martyrs)  being  taken 
for  1000,  we  get  11,000.  It  is  farthermore 
remarkable  that  the  namber  of  names 
known  of  these  virgins  is  eleven:  (1) 
Ursula,  (2)  Sencia,  m  Gregoria,  (4)  Pin- 
nosa.  (5)  Martha,  (6)  Saala,  (7)  Bnttola, 
(8)  Satumina,  (9)  Rabaciaor  Sabatia,  (10) 
Satoria  or  Satumia,  and  (11)  Palladia. 

Elfenseigen  [el.fn^sign]  (4  9yl,\ 
or  Alpleich,  that  weird  music  with  which 
Banting,  the  pied  piper  of  Ilamelin,  led 
forth  the  rats  into  the  river  Weser,  and 
the  children  into  a  cave  in  the  mountain 
Koppenberg.  The  song  of  the  sirens  is 
so  called. 

M'fbta,  wife  of  Camboscan'  king  of 
Tartary. 

El'flida  or  ^THRLFL^DA,  daughter 
of  king  Alfred,  and  wife  of  iRthelred 
chief  of  that  part  of  Mercia  not  claimed 
by  the  Danes.  She  was  a  woman  of 
enormous  energy  and  masculine  mind. 
At  the  death  of  her  husband,  she  ruled 
over  Mercia,  and  proceeded  to  fortify  city 
after  city,  as  Bridgenorth,  Tamworth, 
Warwick,  Hertford,  Witham,  and  so  on. 
Then,  attacking  the  Danes,  she  drove 
them  from  i)lace  to  place,  and  kept  them 
from  molesting  her. 

Wb«n  EISMa  im-icraw  .  .  . 
Hie  palauit  Duibh  powen  victorioiuly  pnnnad. 
And  renhiteljr  ben  thro'  Uielr  thick  M|iiMlioag  bcwvd 
Her  way  Into  the  north. 

Dnnton.  Potptlbttn,  xlL  (IflS). 

Elf thryth  or^aEafthryth,  daughter 
of  Ordgar,  noted  for  her  great  beauty. 
King  £]gar  sent  vEthelwald,  his  friend, 
to  ascertain  if  sfa^  were  really  as  beautiful 
as  report  made  her  out  to  be.  When 
^thefwald  saw  her  he  fall  in  love  with 


her,  and  then,  returning  to  the  king,  said 
she  was  not  handsome  enough  K>r  the 
kin^,  but  was  rich  enough  to  make  a  very 
eligible  wife  for  himself.  The  king 
assented  to  the  match,  and  became  god- 
lather  to  the  first  child,  who  was  called 
Ed^ar.  One  day  the  kio^  told  his  friend 
he  intended  to  pav  him  a  visit,  and  ^tiiel- 
wald  revealed  to  his  wife  the  story  of  his 
deceit,  imploring  her  at  the  same  time  to 
conceal  her  beauty.  But  Elfthryth,  ex- 
tremely indignant,  did  all  she  could  to 
set  forth  her  beauty.  The  king  fell  in 
love  with  her,  slew  iEthelmdd,  and  mar- 
ried the  widow. 

A  similar  story  is  told  bv  Herodotus : 
Pr§xasp^  beiuj^  the  lady  s  name,  and 
Kambys^  the  king*s. 

Slgin  Marbles,  certain  statues  and 
bas-r^efs  collected  bv  lord  Elgin«  and 
purchased  of  him  by  the  British  Govern- 
ment for  £86,000,  to  be  placed  in  the 
British  Museum. 

(They  are  chiefly  fragments  of  the 
Parthenon  of  Athens.) 

M'glthci,  a  female  attendant  at 
Rotherwood  on  the  lady  Rowe'na. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Ivanhoe  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Slia,  p8cudon3rm  of  Charles  Lamb, 
author  of  the  Essays  of  Elia  (1828). — 
London  Magaxine, 

Sli'ab.  in  the  satire  of  Absahm  cmd 
Achitophel,  by  Dryden  and  Tate,  is 
Henry  Bennet,  earl  of  Arlington.  As 
Eliab  befriended  David  (1  Chvn,  xii.  9)« 
so  the  earl  befriended  Charles  II. 

Hard  Am  taak  to  do  BUftb  rliditt 
Iront  vltb  the  royal  waadenr  ha  lored. 
And  Ann  la  ail  tb«  tunu  of  fortaae  proved 

Abtalom  and  AekU»fM,  tL  (ISBSV 

Elian  Qod  (7^).  Bacchus.  An 
error  for  *£leuan,  ue,  **  tne  god  ElSlens  ** 
(S  syt.).  Bacchus  was  cidled  El'eleut 
horn  the  Bacchic  cry,  il&eu  I 

As  vban  with  cromiM  eopi  oato  tha  Blba  fod 
TboM  priarti  blgb  orglci  heU. 

DrajrtOB.  i>o(r«(M0M.  vL  (IfU). 

El'idure  (8  syL),  sumamed  **  the 
Pious,"  brother  of  Gorbonian,  and  one  of 
the  five  sons  of  Morvi'dns  (9.0.).  He 
resigned  the  crown  to  his  brouier  Arth- 
gallo,  who  had  been  deposed.  Ten  years 
afterwards,  Arthgallo  died,  and  Ehdure 
was  again  advanced  to  the  throne,  bat 
was  deposed  and  imprisoned  by  his  two 
younger  brothers.  At  the  death  of  these 
two  brothers,  Elidure  was  taken  from 
prison,  and  monnted  the  British  throae 


BLUAH  FED  BT  RAVENS.        291 


ELMO. 


for  the  tluid   time.— <jcoffray,   iMCaiA 
ffiMory,  m.  17,  18  (1470). 


Mths 


l)j  btotlMCS  «M  dapoMA 
.  .  but.  the  Marpen  dead, 
«•  Ml  on  hta  iWMvad  bawl. 


*f  *  Wordsworth  hM  •  poem  on  this 
SBbject. 

SUjali  ibd  bj  Ravena.  While 
Eliiah  was  at  the  brook  Cherith,  in  con- 
eealment,  ravens  hroaght  him  food  every 
morning  and  evening. — 1  Kings  xvii.  6. 

A  strange  parallel  is  recorded  of  Wyat, 
in  the  rei^  of  Richard  III.  The  king 
east  him  mto  prison,  and  when  he  was 
■carljT  starved  to  death,  a  cat  appeared  at 
fte  window-grating,  and  dropped  into  his 
hand  a  fMgeon,  whidi  the  warder  cooked 
for  him.    This  was  repeated  daily. 

Eli2l^  the  guardian  angel  of  LebbSns 
(3  «y/.)  the  apostle.  Lebbens,  the  softest 
sod  most  tender  of  the  twelve,  at  the 
death  of  Jesos  *'  sank  under  tlie  burden 

ElloiL.  consort  of  Bentth,  and  Htiiet 
«f  Ghe. — panchoniathon. 

Sliot  (<7«orw),  Marian  Evans  (or 
"Mrs.  Marian  Lewes**),  author  of  Adam 
Btde  (1868),  MM  on  the  Floss  (1860), 
SUis  Marner  (1861),  etc 

Biaa»  often  written  Bima  in  English, 
Dido  (joeen  of  Carthage. 

■i«l»»  nlpWt  nil. 
lOB  apMtaihai  refM  artoiL 
VbA  JintU,  Ir.  m^  n8L 

ttaatCTMldar 

IhMibarilgbtMar. 
mm  kin  partlag,  oerar  to  iwtami. 

"  ia  AuMral  Banna  daeread  to  ten. 

rte  M^wrmk.  UL  4  (ITat). 


SUs'abaty  a  famous  sttr|geon,  who 
attended  queen  Madasi'ma  in  all  her 
solitary  wandering  and  was  her  sole 
companion. — Amaais  de  Garni  (fifteenth 
centnry). 

fiuaabeth  cm  Les  Bzil^  de 
SIbarie,  a  tale  by  Madame  Cottin 
(1773-1807).  The  lamily  being  exiled 
for  some  political  offence,  Elizabeth 
walked  all  the  way  from  Siberia  to 
Russia,  to  crave  pardon  of  the  czar.  She 
obtained  her  prayer,  and  ti^  family 
returned. 

Sliae  (2  syl.\  the  motherless  child  of 
Haroagon  the  miser.  She  was  affianced 
to  Vai^re,  by  whom  she  had  been 
**  rescued  from  the  waves.**  Yal^  turns 
««t  to  be  the  son  of  don  Thomas  d' Albnrd, 


a  wealthy  nobleman  of  Naples. — ^Molite«f 
L*AvcEre{ieffJ). 

iEHis'sa,  step-sister  of  Medi'na  and 
Perissa.  They  could  never  agree  upon 
any  8ubject.--Spenser,  Fairy  Quee%  ii. 
2  (1590). 

*' Medina**  Uhe  aotden  moan),  <<Elissa** 
and  "Perissa^  {tks  two  extremes), 

Slizir  Vitfld,  a  drug  which  was  once 

tibiought  would  ensure  perpetual  life  and 

healttu 

He  tlwt  bM  onea  dM  **  riowor  or  tha  Sn." 

The  pavfeet  Babf  which  «•  eaB  altolr. 

.  .  .  bjrltiTlftua 

Oin  eoDfer  honour,  lovo.  raqtaet,  long  lUib 

OIto  mlttr,  fmkMir,  rm  and  vietoty. 

To  whom  ha  vtD.    In  aiCht  and  twenty  dan 

Bel  make  an  old  nan  of  taonoora  a  chUd. 

Ban  Jonaon,  Dke  Akkmtbt,  B.  (1610). 

Elisabeth  (The  queen)^  haughty, 
imperious,  but  devoted  to  her  people. 
She  loved  the  earl  of  Essex,  and,  when 
the  heard  that  he  was  married  to  the 
countess  of  Rutland,  exclaimed  that  she 
never  "  knew  sorrow  before.**  The  oueen 
gave  Essex  a  ring  after  his  rebellion, 
saying,  **  Here,  from  my  finger  take  this 
ring,  a  pledge  of  mercy ;  and  whensoever 
you  send  it  back,  I  swear  that  I  will 
grant  whatever  boon  you  ask.**  After 
his  condemnation,  Essex  sent  the  ring  to 
tile  queen  by  the  countess  of  Nottingham, 
cravmg  that  her  most  gracious  majesty 
would  spare  the  life  of  lord  Southampton ; 
but  the  countess,  from  jealousy,  did  not 
give  it  to  the  queen.  However,  toe  queen 
sent  a  reprieve  for  Essex,  but  Burleigh 
took  care  that  it  came  too  late,  and  the 
earl  was  behmded  as  a  traitor. — Henry 
Jones,  The  Earl  of  Essex  (1745). 

Elizabeth  (Queen),  introduced  by  sir 
W.  Scott  in  his  novel  called  Kemlworth, 

SUzabeth  of  Htm^arv  (St,), 
patron  saint  of  queens,  being  herself  a 
queen.    Her  day  is  July  9  (1207-1231). 

EUesmere  (Mistress),  the  head 
domestic  of  lady  Peveril.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Feveril  of  the  Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Elliott  (Bobbie,ue,  Halbert),  farmer  at 
the  Hcugh-foot.  His  bride-elect  is  Grace 
Armstrong. 

Mrs,  Elliott,  Hobbie*s  ^ndmother. 

John  and  Harry,  Hobble's  brothers. 

Lilias,  Jean,  and  Amot.  Hobbic's 
sisters.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Black  Ihoarf 
(time,  Anne). 

Elmo  (St,),  The  fire  of  St,  Elmo 
(Feu  de  Saint  Elme),  a  comazant.  If 
ody  one  appears  on  a  ship-mast,  foul 
weather  is  at  hand ;  but  if  two  or  more^ 


ILOA. 


ELYIKO. 


fthfy  indicaito   that   ftonnr  wem^er  if 

about  to  ceane.    By  the  Italians  these 

toroazants  are  called  the  "fires  of  St. 

Peter  and  St.  Nicholas.**    In  Latin  the 

single  fire  is  called  "Helen,**  but  the 

two  "  Castor  and  Poll  tut.*'    Horaoa  says 

(Od0f,I.  xii.27): 

QiMnnB  itaHd  ftlbn  wwrth  •!«■•  ntaWt^ 
DeSalt  Mudt  asftatm  honor, 
Coaridont  veoll,  ftiglnniqiM  wAm,  ate. 

Bat  Longfellow    makes  the  Mia  indi^ 
catiTe  of  foal  weather : 


LmI  nkht  I  mm  St.  Bmo'tfUin. 
WKh  tn«lr  gllinineriiw  l*Btanu  all  at  plajr  .  .  . 
And  I  knew  w  riiouM  have  foul  weather  bMiajr. 
Loi«fcll«w.  TktOUitm  ' 


(St.  Elmo  is  tiie  patron  saint  of  sailors.) 

Elo'a.  the  first  of  seraphs.  His  name 
with  God  is  **  The  Chosen  One,**  but  the 
angels  call  him  Eloa.  £loa  and  Gabriel 
were  angel  friends. 

Boa,  WrMt  ipirit  of  haaveo.  Bb  thovghts  are  p«t 
— deffi*anJliiM,'  to  the  tiilMl  of  man.  Mm  loola  bmw* 
lavabrllMn  tha  *irfprln»  maiv  heamtoff  tfann  tbealan 
at  hcAvan  when  thejr  Snt  Sew  bilo  being  at  tha  Take  of 
the  Ctvator.— Klo|«iock.  Tk*  MtmUA,  I  (174S). 

Eloi  (St,),  that  is,  St  Loujs.    The 

kings  of  France  were  called  Loys  op  to 

the  time  of  Louis  XHL    Probably  the 

"delicate  oath**  of   Chaucer's  prioress, 

who  was  a  French  scholar  "after  the 

scole  of  Stratford-atte-Bowe,**  was  St. 

Loy,  %,€,  St.  Loais,  and  not  St.  Eloi  the 

Mttron  saint  of  smiths  and  artists.    St. 

£loi  was  bishop  of  Noyon  in  the  reign  of 

Dagobert,  and  a  noted  craftsman  in  gold 

and  silver.    (Query,   "Seint  Eloy*'  for 

Seinte  Loy  ?) 

Iber  wae  ako  a  nonnor  a  priaraM^ 

That  of  hire  anlling  wae  lull  lintp'  and  007, 

Hire  traaiart  otbe  n'M  but  hr  Setet  Bof  I 

Chancer,  Oanitrttinf  Talm  OMUi. 

Sl'opo.  There  was  a  fish  SO  called,  bat 
Milton  asos  the  word  (Paradise  Lost,  x. 
025^  for  the  dumb  serpent  or  serpent 
which  gives  no  warning  of  its  approach 
by  hissmg  or  otherwise.  (Greek,  ettops, 
**  mute  or  dumb.") 

Sloquenoe  (The  Pour  Monarche  of)  x 

il)  DemosthSn^  the  Greek  orator  (n.c. 
85-622) ;  (2)  (Jicoro,  the  Roman  orator 
(R.O.  l<MMa);  (8)  Sadi,  the  Persian 
(1184-1268);  (4)  Zoroaster  (B.O.  689- 
613). 

lUoquent  ( That  Old  Man),  Isoc'rates, 
the  Greek  orator.  When  he  heard  that 
tlie  battle  of  Chssrone'a  was  lost,  and  that 
Greece  was  no  longer  free,  he  died  of 
grief. 

That  dMteoeet  vietofjr 
M  Chatrmiea.  falal  to  Ubertv. 
lUled  wlUi  report  that  <Md  Nan  Boqaent 

MUlon.  S9MM(»  It. 


(This  TictoiT  was  sained  by  Philip  et 
MacMon.  Called  "dishonest**  became 
bribery  and  corruptton  were  employed.) 


Sloquent   Doctor    (77^), 
AoreOlus,  ardibishop  of  Aiz  (fborteenth 
century). 

Iilpi'nus,  Hope  personified.  He  was 
"clad  in  sky-like  blue,**  and  the  motto 
of  his  shield  was  "  I  hold  by  being  held.** 
He  went  attended  by  Pollic'tta  (promise). 
Fully  described  in  canto  ix.  (Greek, 
elpia,  "hope.**)— Phineas  Fletcher,  The 
Furple  Island  (1688). 

Elshender  the  "BBdlnae,  called 
"The  Canny  Elshie**  or  the  "Wia« 
Wight  of  Mucklestane  Moor.**  This  w 
"the  black  dwarf,**  or  sir  Edwaid 
Mauley,  the  hero  of  the  novel. — SirW* 
Scott,  The  Black  Ihoarf  (time,  Anne). 

Xdaiey  the  daoghter  of  (3€it]ieb»  a 
cottage  fanner  of  Bavaria.  Prinoe  Heaiy 
of  Hoheneck,  being  struck  with  lepnsy» 
was  told  he  would  never  be  e«ed  till  a 
maiden  chaste  and  spotless  offered  to 
give  her  life  in  sacrifice  for  him.  Elsie 
volonteered  to  die  for  t&e  prince,  and  he 
accompanied  her  to  Salerno ;  but  either 
the  exercise,  the  excitement,  or  some 
charm,  no  matter  what,  had  quite  cured 
the  prince,  and  when  he  entered  the 
cath^ral  with  Elsie,  it  was  to  make  her 
lady  Alicia,  his  bride. — Hartmann  von 
der  Aue,  Poor  Henry  (twelfUi  centary)  ; 
Longfellow,  Cfolden  Legend, 

*^*  Aloestis,  daughter  of  Pelias  and 
wife  of  AdmCtos,  lied  instead  of  h^ 
husband,  but  was  brought  beck  by  Her- 
cules from  the  shades  bdow,  and  rtttored 
to  her  husband. 

Mspeth  (Atdd),  the  old  servant  of 
Dandic  Dtnmont  tiie  store-farmer  at 
CharUe*s  Hope.— Sir  W.  Soott,  €h^ 
Mannering  (time,  (^eorge  II.). 

Elspeth  (Old)  of  the  Oraigbnmfoot. 
the  mother  of  Saunders  Mncklebacket 
fthe  old  fisherman  at  Musselcrag),  and 
formerly  servant  to  tibe  countess  of 
Glenallan.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Antiqmiry 
(time,  George  III.). 

SjI vi'no,  a  wealthy  farmer,  in  love  with 
Ami'na  the  somnambulist.  Amine  being 
found  in  the  bedroom  of  conte  Rodolfo  the 
day  before  her  wedding,  induces  Elvino 
to  break  off  the  match  and  promise 
marriage  to  Lisa ;  but  as  the  truth  of  tbe 
matter  breaks  in  upon  him,  and  he  ie 
convinced  of  Amina's  innocence,  be  tttftm 
over  Lisa  lo  Alessio,  her  peraaoor,  enii^ 


KiTIRA* 


flaOLS. 


*BMRk«  AfliiBA,  his  ilrat  and  only  lore. — 
BeUxni't  open,  La  SomnaaUnUa  (1881). 

Xlvi'nu  sisifer  of  don  Duart,  and 
nioce  of  toe  governor  of  lisbon.  She 
names  Qodio,  tbe  coxcomb  son  of  don 
ABtonio.-^C.  Qbber,  Love  MaAes  a  Mam, 

Elv^roy  ths  jomg  wifs  of  Gomes,  a 
old  banker.  SIk  carries  on  a  liaison 
with  eoUMiel  Lorsoao.  by  tke  aid  of  her 
father-eoniMsor  DomlBiek,  bat  is  always 
checkmated,  and  it  teras  out  that  Loreoso 
b  her  bs^ther^-Drydsn,  Tkt  e^jtamtk 
Firyar  (1680). 

Eh^roj  a  noUe  lady,  who  gives  up 
cvtfytking  to  become  the  raistoess  of 
Pizsm.  She  tries  to  soften  his  mde  and 
and  to  lead  him  into  more 
ways.  Her  love  being  changed 
Co  hate,  she  engages  Kolla  to  slay  Pizarro 
in  hSs  tent;  but  tise  noUe  Pemrian  spares 
his  eaemy,  aad  makes  him  a  fkiend. 
Ultimately,  Ptsarro  is  sbdn  in  fig^it  with 
Aleaao,  and  Sviia  retires  to  a  convent. — 
Sheridan,  P^sorro  (altered  from  Kotzeboe, 
1799). 

Bwfrm  iDamma)j  a  bi^  deeeirsd  by 
dan  Giovanni,  w«o  basely  deluded  h«r 
inte  an  amonr  with  his  valet  Leporello. — 
Mozart's  opera,  Don  Giooanni  (1787). 

£hera  **  tiie  pnritan,**  daoj^ter  of 
kni  Walton,  betrothed  to  Artoro  (lord 
.dHAnr  JoAs^,  ncavaUer.  Ontfaedayof 
mjntnaals  the  yoong  man  aids  Enriehetta 
i&mneUm,  ymAm^  Oharks  I.)  to  escape, 
and  Klrim,  thinking  ha  has  alopad  with 
a  rival,  temporarily  loses  her  reason. 
Cromw^*s  soUiers  anest  Artnro  for 
treason,  bvt  he  is  subseqoentl^  pardoned, 
^-^  — -cries  Eliirk — JMUini*a  opera,  / 
(1834). 


iESsTiw,  a  ktdy  in  h»ve  wiih  Ema'ni  the 
robber-captain  and  head  of  a  league 
agsinst  don  Carlos  (afterwacds  Charles  Y . 
of  Spain).  Emaniwasjnst  onthepoint^^ 
Manving  Elvira,  when  he  was  summoned 
U>  death  by  Gomes  de  Silva,  and  stabbed 
-todi,  .&naw  <an  open,  1841). 


EMra^  betrothed  to  Alfonso  (son  of 
^  duke  d*ArcoB).  No  sooner  is  the 
maniage  completed  than  she  learns  that 
Alfonaa  has  ssdnced  Fenella,  a  dumb 
Kiri,  easier  of  Masanielio  the  iaher- 
man.  Masanielio,  to  revenge  his  wnni|^ 
heads  an  insurrection,  and  Alfonso  with 
Elvim  run  for  safety  to  the  fishennan's 
hut,  where  they  fina  Fenella^  who  pro- 
io  protect  them.  Hasamello,  \mtkg 
chief  magistrate  of  Por'tici,  is  killed 


by  the  mob ;  Fenella  throws  herself  iailo 
the  crater  of  Vesuvius ;  and  Alfonso  is 
left  to  live  in  peace  with  Elvira. — ^Anber, 
Masanielio  (18S1). 

Elvire  (2  9yl.)y  the  wife  of  don  Juan, 
whom  he  abandons.  She  enters  a 
convent,  and  trios  to  reclaim  her  pro- 
fligate husband,  but  without  success.— 
MoUtoe,  Don  Juam  (166&). 

Bly  {BiahM  of),  introduced  by  sir  W. 
Soott  an  the  Muman  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Slyadiun   {the  ElvsUsn  fields),    the 
land  of  the  blest,  to  wnidi  the  favoured 
of  Uie  gods  passed  witiiout  djring.    Tliey 
lay  in  one  of  the  *' Fortunate  islands 
(Vanaries), 


Bmath'lan  Conquepor  ( 2%e  Orem^^ 

Alexander  the  Great.    Emathia  is  Mase- 

doaia  and  Thessaly.     Emathion,  a  son  of 

Titan  and  Aurora,  reigned  in  Macedonia. 

Pliny  tells  us  that  Alexander,  when  he 

besieged   Thebes,   spared  the   house  in 

whi<m  Pindar  the  poet  was  bom,  out  sf 

reverence  to  his  great  abilities. 

Uft  iMt  Uqr  qw«r  UBloal  ttot  Momi'  bow. 

tm  grwtVnuUhiiui  conqueror  bid  ipan 
ThmkmmolPtminm,w)mmUmmiaamdU 


WMtlBlh«pMI«i 


nnioii.  sMMMt,  yb. 


ItamblA,  the  woman  Eve  of  Scandi- 
navian mvtliology.  Eve  or  Embla  was 
made  of  ms^,  hnt  Ask  or  Adam  was  made 
of  ash. 

Bm'elie  or  Emkltb.  sister-in-law  of 
duke  Theseus  (2  9^/.),  beloved  by  both 
Pal'amon  and  Aycyte  (2  syL),  but  the 
former  had  her  to  wife. 

BoMtte  tb«t  fidrw  iTM  to  HMM 
Tban  is  Um  liUe  on  blra  st^ta  graiM. 
AaS  ftfiliM  tbM  ttw  Mm  witb  SooiSbmwbl 
QhMMer.  Oamtmrbttrw  IWmC  fha  lUlgbt't  Uh,"  UBQ) 

Bm'erald  Isle  (The),  IreUnd;  or 
caUed  first  by  Dr.  W.  Dvennan,  in  his 
poem  entitled  £rm  (i764-18a&). 

Bmeral'dor,  an  Irishman,  one  of  th« 
Emerald  Isle. 

Bmerlte  (St.),  sister  of  king  Loctns, 
wfaOj  when  her  brother  abdici^ed  the 
British  crown,  acoompanied  him  to  Swit- 
zerland, and  shared  with  him  thaw  n 
martyr's  death. 


Bmerlte  die  Mst,  kliig  UuAaf 

Who  In  Hdfvtift  wltii  bar  nwtirr  brother  died 


Emile  (2  tyl.),  the  chief  character  of 
a  philosophical  romance  on  education  bj 


FMTTJA, 


294 


BNANTHE. 


Jma  Jacques  Roossean  (1762).  Emile  is 
the  author's  ideal  of  a  young  man  perfectly 
educated,  every  bias  but  that  of  nature 
having  been  carefully  withheld. 

N.B. — Emile  is  the  French  form  of 
Emilius. 

Hisbodr  b  Innrad  to  futlgae.  at  Rommu  adrtiM  In  hit 
MimiUm.—eontimtaHm  ^tht  Ar^Mmm  JTightM,  hr.  «. 

Umil'ia,  wife  of  lago  the  ancient  of 
Othello  in  the  Venetian  army.  She  is 
induced  by  lago  to  purloin  a  certain 
handkerchief  given  by  Othello  to  Des- 
demona.  lago  then  prevails  on  OtLeUo  to 
ask  his  vrife  to  show  him  tiie  handker- 
chief, but  die  cannot  find  it,  and  la^ 
tells  the  Moor  she  has  given  it  to  Cassio 
as  a  love-token.  At  Uie  death  of  Des- 
demona,  Emilia  (who  till  then  never 
suspected  the  real  state  of  the  case) 
reveals  the  truth  of  the  matter,  and  lago 
rushes  on  her  and  kills  her. — Shake- 
speare, OtheUo  (1611). 

The  vtrtM  of  BmlUa  li  Mch  m  «•  oftaa  Snd.  wb 
looMiy.batMtcMtoff:  MqrtOMNBMltnwUcrtaMC.tat 
qnidaned  mad  aknaad  at  atiodoiM  vUklnlM.— Dv.  Jolu^ 


Emifia,  the  lady  who  attended  on 
queen  Hermi'ond  in  prison. — Shake- 
speare, The  Winter's  Tale  (1604). 

Emilia,  the  lady-love  of  Peregrine 
Pickle,  m  Smollett's  novel  called  I7te 
Adventures  of  Peregrine  Fickle  (1761). 

BmilT,  the  ficmc6s  ot  colonel  Tamper. 
Duty  called  away  the  colonel  to  Havan- 
nah,  and  on  his  return  be  pretended  to 
have  lost  one  eye  and  one  1^  in  the  war, 
in  order  to  see  if  Emily  womd  love  him 
still.  Emily  was  greatly  shocked,  and 
Mr.  Prattle  the  mecucal  practitioner  was 
sent  for.  Amongst  other  gossip,  Mr. 
Prattle  told  his  patient  he  had  seen  the 
colond,  who  looked  remarkably  well, 
and  most  certainly  was  miumed  neither 
in  his  legs  nor  in  his  eyes.  Emily  now 
saw  throu^  the  trick,  and  resolved  to 
turn  the  tables  on  the  colonel.  For  this 
end  she  induced  Mdlle.  Florival  to  appear 
en  mHitaire,  under  the  assumed  name  of 
captain  Johnson,  and  to  make  desperate 
love  to  her.  When  the  colonel  had 
been  thoroughly  roasted  and  was  about 
to  quit  the  house  for  ever,  his  friend 
major  Belford  entered  and  recognized 
Mdlle.  as  his  fiancee ;  the  trick  was  dis- 
covered, and  all  ended  happily. — 6.  Col- 
nian,  sen.,  The  Deuce  is  in  uim  (1762). 

Smir  or  Ameer,  a  title  given  to 
lieutenants  of  provinces  and  other  officers 
of  the  sultan,  and  occasionally  assumed 


by  the  sultan  himself.  The  saltan  is  not 
unfreauently  called  "  The  Great  Ameer,** 
and  tne  Ottoman  empire  is  sometimes 
spoken  of  as  "the  country  of  the  Great 
Ameer.**  What  Matthew  Paris  and  other 
monks  call  "  ammirals  **  is  the  same  wordL 
Milton  speaks  of  the  '*  mast  of  some  tall 
ammiral "  (Paradise  Lost,  i.  294). 

The  difference  between  xariff  or  Sforiff 
and  wnwr  is  this :  the  former  is  givoi  to 
the  6Ax>cf  successors  of  Blahomet,  and  the 
latter  to  those  who  maintain  his  religious 
faith.— Selden,  lUles  of  Honour^  vL  73-4 
(1672). 

Ernly  (Little),  dao^ter  of  Tom, 
the  brother-in-law  of  Dan'el  Peggottv  a 
Yarmouth  fisherman,  by  whom  the  onmaa 
child  was  brought  np.  While  en«ged 
to  Ham  Peggotty  (Dan*el*s  nepnew), 
Little  Em*ly  runs  away  with  Steeif  orth, 
a  handsome  but  unprincipled  gentleman. 
Being  subsequently  reclaimed,  she  emi- 
grates to  Australia  with  Dan'el  Peggottj 
and  old  Mrs.  Gummidge. — G.  Dickmsy 
David  Copperfield  (1849). 

SSmma  "the  Saxon**  or  Emms 
Plantagenet,  the  beautiful,  gentle,  and 
loving  wife  of  David  king  of  North 
Wales  (twelfth  century). — Southey,  Mo- 
doc (1806). 

Smped'oolea,  one  of  Pythagoras's 
scholars,  who  threw  himself  secretly  into 
the  crater  of  Etna,  that  people  might 
suppose  the  gods  had  carried  him  to 
heaven ;  but  ahts!  one  of  his  iron  patteos 
was  oast  out  with  the  larva,  and  recog- 
nised. 


^fod.. 


Uevhololw 


lo^  ImocA  ioiMlly  latoEiBA  Smml 

ipedodli/ 

"iUl^om,  fmrmtlag  Lett,  VL  eiS,  •••. 


liSini>eror  of  BeUevers  (The), 
Omar  1.,  father-in-law  of  Mahomet 
(581-644). 

SSmperor  of  the  ICouiitaiiis 
(TAtf),  Peter  the  Calabrian,  a  famous 
robber-chief  (1812). 

Bmperor  for  My  People.  Ha- 
drian used  to  say,  **!  am  emperor  not 
for  myself  but  for  my  people  **  (76,  I17« 
188). 

^tin-pBon  lMaster)i  flageolet  player  to 
Charles  II.— Sir  W.  Scott,  PeMril  of  tht 
Peak  (1828). 

Bnan'the  (8  sy/.)»  daughter  of  Seleu- 
cus,  and  mistress  of  prince  Deme'trius 
(son  of  king  Antig'onns).  She  appears 
under   the   name   of   Celia. — ^Beaumont 


ENCELADOS. 


S95 


ENID. 


lad  fleldber.  The  ffmiwr<m$  Lieutenant 
(1647). 

Bnoel'ados  (Latin,  Snoeladus),  the 
BOft  powerfnl  of  all  tlie  giants  who  con- 
tfma  against  Jupiter.  He  was  struck 
with  a  thunder-bolt,  and  covered  with 
the  heap  of  earth  now  called  mount  Etna. 
The  ranoke  of  the  volcano  is  the  breath  of 
the  buried  giant ;  and  when  he  shifts  his 
side  it  is  an  earthquake. 


•qklnra  euniab ; 

•t  eeehm  aibiaMra  ftnpo. 
Vkgfl.  .Am«<  UL I 


tb«  IffH  at  the  o*«rthfowa 
flltbeair. 


'orateB  (3  syl,).  Temperance  per- 
sonified, the  husband  of  Agnei'a  (wifely 
ckastitjf).  When  his  wife's  sister  rar- 
tfaenla  {maidenly  ehoMtity)  was  wounded  in 
&e  batUe  of  Hansoul,  by  False  Delight, 
ht  and  his  wife  ran  to  her  assistance,  and 
soon  routed  the  foes  who  were  hounding 
her.  Continence  (her  lover)  went  also, 
sad  ponredabalm  into  her  wounds,  which 
healed  them.  (Greek,  ^ib^t^**  continent, 
temperate.**) 

^  hBM  I  oftn  MM  •  pcspla  Sowr, 
fMatteg  ihio'  hmt,  nang  ilowii  Imt  droopliig  haadi 
icfrariiM  wf  th  a  wcfconM  Aowvr, 
i0ila  bar  ll«%  iMantlM  ipnad. 

Aii4  vl  h  Mw  prid*  her  dkM  knrcs  dta|ilar> 

r.  n*  PurpI*  /tlmmdt  tl.  (ISO). 


'Eadell  (Martha)^  a  poor  Uilen  girl, 
to  whom  £m*ly  goes  when  Steerrorth 
desnts  her.  Hhe  emigrates  with  Dan*el 
Pcggot'ty,  and  marries  a  yowag  fsrmer 
in  Australia. — C  Dickens,  i)avid  Copper^ 
.<etf(1849). 

Saderxnay*  ue.  Andermatt  or  Ur- 

seren,  a  town  and  valley  in  the  Url  of 

Switzerland. 

Soft  at  (ha  hapfqr  nrala^  endiantlas  hjr, 
I  ptow  ameog  the  ahadet  of  KuMmaj. 
wTFakMcr.  nu  MU/mrwct,  UL 7(1701). 


Sndiga,  in  Charles  XIL,  by  J.  R. 
nancM(1826). 

findleas,  the  rascally  lawyer  in  No 
Bomg  Jfo  Striper,  by  P.  Hoai«  (1764k 
1^34). 

Sudyznlon*  n  notedastronomer  who, 
from  mount  Latmus,  in  Ouria,  discovered 
the  course  of  the  moon.  Hence  it  is 
&bled  that  the  moon  sleeps  with  Endjr- 
mios.  Strictly  speaking,  Endymion  is 
the  setting  sun. 

•»  UtMM  kpf  Iha  wfaa  IndrBioa  k  lOBOwned: 
Ihat  hSI  «■  vhoaa  hMi  top  ha  KM  Iha  Snt  UiaC  iMmd 
ralBT>mtra  WMidari^  aoowa ;  so  akllftil  in  bar  a|>h«% 
•itDflV  that  baaaiofed  bartbare. 


To  sleep  like  Endymion^  to  sleep  long 
and  soimdly.  Endymion  requested  of 
Jove  permission  to  sleep  as  long  as  he 
felt  inclined.  Hence  the  proverb,  Endy- 
nuonis  somnum  domure.  Jean  Ogier  de 
Gombaud  wrote  in  French  a  romsnoe  or 
prose  poem  called  Endymion  (1024),  and 
one  of  the  best  paintings  of  A.  L.  Girodet 
is  "Endymion."  Ck»wlcy,  referring  to 
(jombaua's  romance,  says : 


WbOa  tbara  li  a  paopla  or  a . 

Indjmiloq's  tk/ry  wttb  the  mooa  riiaD 

John  Keats,  in  1818,  published  his 
Endymion  U  poetic  romance),  and  the 
criticism  of  the  Quarterly  Review  was 
falsely  said  to  have  caused  his  death. 

EndynCion.  So  Wm.  Browne  calls  sir 
Walter  Raleigh,  who  was  for  a  time  in 
disgrace  with  queen  Elizabeth,  whom  he 
cal&"Cyn'thia." 


The  flnt  nota  that  I  heard  I  aoaa  wai 
To  think  tba  sisbei  of  fkire  Kodnnloa. 
The  MtUect  of  wtaoea  ■aouniftdlbeary  hv, 
Wm  bb  deoUniiv  with  fiOiv  Cyothia. 

arit0HHUi'$  FatUratt,  hr.  (ISlS). 

SSnfluits  de  Dieu,  the  Oimisards. 

The  rofal  troopa  outaombcred  the  A|A>«*<«  da  Meu.  and 
not  Inglorioua  flight  took  fteo^lld.  Oil 


a  not  Inslorkiia  «u»Kfe  took. 

t*rsr 


Siifleld  {M'r8.)f  the  keeper  of  a  house 
of  intrigue,  or  "  gentlemen^s  magazine  " 
of  frail  beauties.— Holcroft,  The  Vernitd 
Daughter  (1784). 

Tfin^raddi  {Thaodorick,  hermit  of),  an 
enthusust.  He  was  Aberick  of  Morte- 
mar,  an  exiled  noble.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
The  Talisman  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Engaddi,  one  of  the  towns  of  Judah^ 
forty  miles  from  Jerusalem,  famous  for 
its  palm  trees. 

Ancborftm  beneath  Knfaddf '■  pahna, 
Padng  the  Dead  Sea  beach. 

LoosfDUov,  Stmd  qftk0  Drntri, 

XSngel'brecht.  one  of  the  Yarangiaa 
guards.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Count  E^jbert  of 
Faris  (time,  Rufns). 

Bn'ffelredj  'squire  of  sir  Reginald 
Front  de  Boeuf  (follower  of  prince  John 
of  Anjon,  the  brother  of  Richard  I.). — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Ivanhoe  (time,  Richard  I.). 

XSn'guerraud,  brother  of  the  mar- 
quis of  Montserrat,  a  crusader. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Tha  Talisman  (time,  Richard  I.). 

E'nid,  the  personification  of  sootiest  • 
purity.    She  was  the  daughter  of  i  n'ioL 
and  wife  of  Geraint.    The  tale  of  Geraint 
and  Enid   allegorizes    the  contagion  of 
distrust  and  j<»lousy,  eommenoing  with 


ENKA. 


EPIDAURUS. 


Gainever*8  infidelity,  »nd  spreading  down- 
wards among  the  Artharian  knights.  In 
order  to  save  Enid  from  this  taint,  sir 
Geraint  removed  from  the  court  to  Devon ; 
but  overhearing  part  of  a  sentence  uttered 
by  Enid,  he  fancied  that  she  was  unfaith- 
ful, and  treated  her  for  a  time  with  grei^ 
harshness.  In  an  illness,  Enid  nursed 
Geraint  with  such  wifely  devotion  that 
he  felt  convinced  of  his  error.  A  perfect 
reconciliation  took  place,  and  they 
"crowned  a  happy  life  with  a  fair 
death.**— Tennvson,  Idylls  of  the  King 
("Geiuint  and  Enid*'). 

Snna,  »  city  of  Sicily,  remarkable  for 
it«  beautiful  plains,  fruitful  soil,  and 
numerous  springs.  Proserpine  was  car- 
ried off  bpr  Pluto  while  gathering  flowen 
in  the  adjacent  meadow. 

SiMiiiorad 
LOw  ProMrplne  In  Enna,  gatheHng  flowan. 

ftn^wo.  Mdwln  MwriM, 


Smdos  {The  English),  Lay'amon, 
who  wrote  a  translation  in  Saxon  of  The 
Brut  of  Wace  (thirteenth  century). 

Eninim  {The  Frew:h),  Jehan  de  Meunff, 
who  wrote  a  continuation  of  Layamon^s 
romance  (1260-1320). 

*«*  Guillanme  de  Lorris,  author  of  the 
Bomanoe^  the  Jioae,  ia  also  called  "  The 
French  Ennius,*'  and  with  better  tiUe 
(1236-1266). 

Ennius  {The  8pamth)y  Joan  de  Meoa  of 
Corddva  (1412-1466). 

Enough  is  as  Gk>od  as  a  Feast. 
Geo.  Gaacoigne  says : 

I  wont  CMogb  M  good  M  Mif  feait 

AMc  AtflcM  (GMaoifM  (Had  U77). 

Enrique'  (2  sylX  brother-in-law  of 
Chr>'salde  (2  eyl,).  He  married  secretly 
Chrysalde's  sister  Angelique,  by  whom  he 
had  a  daughter,  Agnes,  who  was  left  in 
charge  of  a  peasant  while  Enrique  was 
absent  in  America.  Having  made  his 
fortune  in  the  New  World,  Enrique  re- 
turned and  found  Agnes  in  love  with 
Horace,  the  son  of  his  friend  Oronte 
(2  syL),  Their  union,  after  the  usual 
quota  of  misunderstanding  and  cross 
purposes,  was  consummated  to  the  delight 
of  ail  parties.— Molibre,  L'^ook  dee  Fem- 
tnee  (1662). 

EnteVechy.  the  kingdom  of  queen 
Quintessence.  Panta^ruel'  and  his  com- 
panions went  to  this  kingdom  in  search  of 
the  "holy  botUe."— Kabelais,  J^antag-. 
ruel,  V.  19  (1646). 

*«*  This    kingdom    of   "  specnlatire 


science  '*  gave  the  hint  io  SwiM  for  bis 
island  of  Lapu'ta. 

Ephe'sian,  a  toper,  a  dissolute  sot, 
a  jovial  compuiion.  When  Page  (S 
ffenry  II.  act  u.  sc.  2)  tells  prince  Henrr 
that  a  company  of  men  were  about  tn 
sup  with  Falstaff,  in  Eastcheap,  and  calls 
them  "Ephesians,**  he  probably  meant 
soldiers  called  fOthas  ("  foot-soldien  "), 
and  hence  topers.  Malone  suggests  that 
the  word  is  a  pun  on  pheeee  ("  to  chastisie 
or  pay  one  tit  for  tat'*),  and  means 
"quarrelsome  fellows.'* 

Ephe'sian  Poet  (The),  Hippo'nax, 
bom  at  E|Aesns  (sixth  century  B.C.). 

Ephe'sus  (Letters  of),  bribes. 
"  Epnesis  litens  *'  were  magical  notes 
or  writings,  which  ensured  tbose  who 
employed  them  success  in  any  under- 
taking they  chose  to  adventure  on. 

Snvor  key>  w«ra  uaod  In  old  Bonae^  where  erefr  B«ctr 
o«cw  who  iHMw  no  eUior  fpeOac  oorid  d«dplMr» 

Rin  I    Vo"Utm  of  Kphcflu  -  wfiltBfnpt  the  iolcsrily 

Epic  (The  Oreat  Puritan),  Parcufyg 
£o<byMUton(1666). 

Epic  Poetry  (  ^^  Father  of).  Homer 
(about  960  b.o.). 

Ep'ioene  (S  syl.)  or  The  SSent 
Woman,  one  of  the  three  great  comedies 
of  Ben  Jonson  (1609). 

The  other  two  are  Volpone  (2  stfL% 
1606),  and  The  Alchemist  (1610), 

Epiottfus.  The  atmOs  4e  oamr  of 
this  philosopher  was  Leonftium.  (See 
Lovers.) 

Epicurus  of  China,  Tao-tsc,  who 
commenced  the  search  for  "  the  elixir  of 
perpetual  youth  and  health  **  (b.c.  640). 

*«*  Thomas  Moore  has  a  prose  romance 
entitled  The  Epicare'an,  Lucretius  the 
Roman  poet,  in  his  De  Rerwn  Nahtra,  is 
an  exponent  of  the  Epicurean  doctrinea. 

Ekxidaurus  (Iha  God  in),  .fiscula'- 
pitts^  son  of  Apollo,  who  was  worshipped 
m  Epidaurus,  a  city  of  Peloponnersns. 
Being  sent  for  to  Rome  during  a  plague, 
he  assumed  the  form  of  a  serpent.— i3vy, 
Nat,  Hist.,  xi.  ;  Ovid,  Metaph,,  xv, 

Nerer  riooe  of  serpent  kind 
Lovelier,  not  Uiow  tlittt  hi  VByti^  < 

EermionC  and  UMlmwb  orthesDi 
1  l^tidaunn. 

MUloD. /•arocMM  £e«.  is.  S07  (ISaBlL 

(Cadmus  and  his  wife  Harmonia  [J7«r* 
mione^  left  Thebes  and  migrated  into 
lilyria,  when  thcf  were  dunged  into 


V7 


BQUITOEIS. 


^7  hAppentd  to  kiM 


Xpliialtas  (4  syf.),  one  of  thegiants 
vho  made  war  upon  ue  gods.  He  vu 
depdnycd  of  lua  left  eye  bj  Apollo,  and  ol 
his  light  eye  by  Uezcoldi. 

li^^S'ozii*  aevea  youthful  warrion, 

MM  ^Uke  aevcA  chiefs  who  hud  si«gt 

to  Thebes.     All  the  seven  chiefe  (except 

AdiBflt#a),^«n8h«d  in  tiie  siq^ei  bat  the 

•efcn  soos,  ten  yeaxs  kter,  took  Che  ei^ 

and  laaed  it  to  the  groond.    The  ehieu 

sad  sons  were :  (1)  Adiastos,  whose  son 

was  iEgi'aleua  (4  tyi,) ;   (2)  Polynik^ 

whose  SOB  was  Thersan'der;    (8)  A»- 

pUar'aos  (6  S2f/.)»  whose  son  was  Alk* 

■UBon  {the  chief)  :  (4)  lydens  (2  »(.), 

whose  soo  was    I)ioin£'a$s;  (5)   Kap^- 

SDms  (3  sjf/.),  whose  son  was  Sthen'Hos  ; 

<€)  Futhenope'os,  whose  son  was  Pro- 

Badkos ;  (7)  Mekis^faeos  (8  syi.)}  whose 

son  was  Eary'alos. 

JEsch  jloa  has  a  tragedy  on  The  Seven 
Chief*  0gm*st  Thdbes,  Then  are  also 
two  epics,  one  The  HubaSd  of  Statins, 
sod  The  Epig<mi  sometimes  attribaied  to 
Homer  and  sometimes  to  one  of  the 
<^die  poets  of  Greece. 

Jbiffon'iad  (TU),  called  "fhe 
6e^i7aa2,**  by  WilUam  Wilkie  (1721- 
1772).  This  is  the  tale  of  the  Epig'oni 
or  seven  sews  of  the  seven  chieftains  who 
laid  sittEe  to  Thebes.  The  tale  is  this : 
When  ^'dipos  abdicated,  his  two  sons 
agreed  to  reign  alternate  years;  hot  at 
the  expim^oa  of  the  fint  year,  the  elder 
son  (Et^'ocles)  refused  to  give  up  the 
throne.  Whereupon  the  yoimger  toother 
(Polynlkte)  inteKsted  six  Grecian  chiefs 
to  eapoase  his  cause,  aad  the  allied 
araues  laid  siege  to  Thebes,  withoat  snc- 
cess.  Saboeqaeatly^  the  seven  sons  of  the 
old  chiefs  went  sgamst  the  ci^  to  avenge 
the  deaths  of  their  fathers,  who  had  fallen 
in  the  former  siege.  They  succeeded  in 
takug  the  city,  and  in  placiag  Theraan- 
der  OB  the  thitme.  The  names  of  the 
seven  sons  are  Tbersamler,  .^i'aleos, 
AlksMwm,  DiomedSs,  Sthen'elos,  Pro'- 
marhos,  siad  Euryilos. 

Spisienldes  (5  tyl,)  of  Oete,  some- 
times reckoned  one  of  the  **  seven  wise 
men  ef  (*feece"  in  the  pUee  of  Peri- 
ander.  He  slept  for  ^ty-seven  yean  in 
a  cave,  and,  on  waking,  found  every- 
thing so  changed  that  he  could  recognize 
notUng.  Epimenid^  lived  289  years, 
aad  was  adored  by  the  Oetans  as  one 
of  their  *'  (}uret^  ^  or  priests  of  Jove. 
U'  was  eontempoiafy  witii  Solon. 


J(joelhe  has  a  psem  called  Dee  Epim$' 
e$  Erwmchen,^-^ee  Hciniich's  £pim§' 

Epimemde^a  Dnu,  A  nymph  who  loved 
Epimenides  gave  um  a  draught  in  a 
bnlTs  horm,  one  single  drop  o(f  which 
would  not  only  care  any  ailmeat,  bat 
wouM  also  serve  for  a  hesirty  meal. 

Le  Hkmoeem  Enimenedi  is  a  man  wha 
ttres  in  a  dfeam  in  a  kind  of  ^  Gas^  of 
Spain,**  where  he  deems  himself  a  king, 
aad  doas  not  wish  to  be  distUusioned. 
The  song  is  by  Jacinthe  Lecl^re,  one  of 
the  meni&en  of  the  *<  Society  de  lUmns  ** 
e<  Paris. 

ISpinogrls  (^),  son  of  the  king  U 
Northnmberlsnd.  He  loved  aa  earl's 
daughter,  but  slew  the  esrl  in  a  knightly 
combat.  Next  day,  a  knight  challenged 
him  to  fight,  and  the  lady  was  to  be  the 
prize  of  the  vici(^.  Sir  £piao^s,  being 
overthrown,  lost  the  Isdy ;  but  whai  sir 
PaloDud^  heard  the  tale,  be  promised  to 
recover  her.  Accordingly,  he  challenged 
the  victorious  knight,  who  turned  out  to 
be  his  brother.  The  point  of  dispute  was 
then  amicablv  arranged  by  giving  up  the 
lady  to  sir  ^pmogris.— Sir  T.  Malory, 
Mistory  ^  Prmoe  Arthur,  ii.  169  (1470). 

Spple,  one  of  the  servants  of  the  Rer^ 
Josiiui  C!argill.  In  tiie  same  novel  is 
Eppie  AndersoiL  one  of  the  servants  at 
tiie  Mowbray  Arms,  Old  St.  Ronan\ 
held  by  Meg  Dod8.--Sir  W.  Scott,  St^ 
Sonan's  Weil  (time,  Geoige  III.). 

Epps,  cook  of  Saoaders  Fairloid  a 
lawyer.'— Sir  W.  Scott,  Medgmmti^t 
(time,  George  III.). 

Equity  {Father  of),  Heneage  Finch, 
earl  of  Nottingham  (1621-1682).  In 
Absalom  and  Achitophei  (by  Dryden  and 
Tate)  he  is  called  '*  Amri.'* 

ttacsrt  VM  Atari,  urf  not  •oljr  I 

Bat  Imers  MocdoM  Into  i 

Om  tern,  Omt  4i4 

VtTTi  fflwwtml  uM, . 

To  him  tha  doubl«  bleaiaf  dotii  bekms. 

Wttk  MoMtf  ImftnOkM,  Amran'a  Umgm. 

EqaiTokes. 

1.  Hewry  IV.  was  told  that  "he 
should  not  die  but  in  Jerusalem,**  which 
he  supposed  meant  the  Holy  Land  ;  but 
he  diea  in  tiie  Jerusalem  Coamber,  Lon- 
don, which  is  tiie  chapter-house  of  West- 
minster Abbey. 

2.  PoPR  Stlvbstkr  was  also  told  he 
should  die  at  Jerusalem,  and  he  died 
while  8a3ring  mass  in  a  church  so  caUed 
at  Rome. 


ncdoM  Into  jpractioe  drev ; 
,  4i4  •  ^QunSleii  o«Ma  mmm, 
ol.  aa4  fattHNMdaU  hjr  hla  .  .  . 


EQUIVOKES. 


298 


ERCOOO. 


8.  Cambtsrs,  son  of  Cynu,  was  told 
that  he  riioald  die  in  Ecbaf  ana,  which 
he  supposed  meant  the  capital  of  Media. 
Being  wounded  accidentally  in  Syria,  he 
asked  the  name  of  the  place ;  and  being 
told  it  was  Ecbatana,  he  replied,  "  Here, 
then,  I  am  destined  to  aid  mj  life.** 

4.  A  Messenian  seer,  bemg  sent  to 
consult  the  Delphic  oracle  respecting  the 
issue  of  the  Messenian  war,  toen  raging, 
received  for  reply : 

WlMo  tb*  snt  itooiM  to  drfak  of  ft*  N«4i,  0  ««. 
From  M— Mih  Met,  for  Ita  rain  k  mbt  I 


In  order  to  avert  this  calamity,  all 
goats  were  diligently  chased  from  the 
hanks  of  the  Neda.  One  day,  Theoclos 
observed  a^  tree  growing  on  the  river> 
side,  and  its  branches  dipped  into  the 
stream.  The  interpretation  of  the  oracle 
flashed  across  his  mind,  for  he  remem- 
bered that  goat  and  fig  tree^  in  the  Mes- 
senian dialect,  were  the  same  word. 

\*  The  pun  would  be  clearer  to  an 
English  reader  if  **  a  stork "  were  sub- 
stituted for  the  goat:  **When  a  stork 
stoops  to  drink  of  the  Neda ;  **  and  the 
'*  stalk  **  of  the  fig  tree  dipping  into  the 
stream. 

5.  When  the  allied  Greeks  demanded 
of  the  Delphic  oracle  what  would  be 
the  issue  oi  the  battle  of  Salamis,  they 
received  for  answer : 

SMd-tioM  and  harvest,  wecpinc  drai  riudl  taS 
Bow  UuNMandi  foosht  at  Sabuuls  and  Ml ; 

but  whether  the  oracle  referred  to  the 
Greeks  or  Persians  who  were  to  fall  by 
**  thousands,"  was  not  stated. 

6.  When  CKOssua  demanded  what  would 
be  the  issue  of  the  battle  against  the 
Persians,  headed  bv  Cyrus,  the  answer 
was,  he  **  should  behold  a  mighty  empire 
overthrown  ; "  but  whether  that  empire 
was  his  own,  or  that  of  Cyrus,  only  the 
actual  issue  of  the  fight  could  determine. 

7.  Similarlvj  when  Philip  of  Macedon 
sent  to  DclpLi  to  inquire  if  his  Persian 
expedition  would  prove  successful,  he 
received  for  replVj  "The  ready  victim 
crowned  for  sacrifice  stands  before  the 
altar.*'  Philip  took  it  for  grsnted  that 
the  **  ready  victim  **  was  Uie  king  of 
Persia,  but  it  was  himself. 

8.  Tarquin  sent  to  Delphi  to  learn  the 
fate  of  his  struggle  with  the  Romans  for 
the  recovery  of  his  throne,  and  was  told, 
"  Tarquin  will  never  fall  till  a  dog  speaks 
with  the  voice  of  a  man."  The  *'  dog" 
was  Junius  Brutus,  who  was  called  a  dog 
by  wav  of  contempt. 

9.  When  the  oracle  was  asked  who 
would  succeed  Tarquin,  it  replied,  "He 


who  shall  first  kiss  his  motiier.'*  Where* 
upon  Junius  Brutus  fell  to  the  earth,  and 
exclaimed,  "  Thus,  then,  I  kiss  thee^  O 
mother  earth ! " 

10.  Jourdain^  the  wizard,  told  the  doke 
of  Somerset,  if  he  wished  to  live,  to 
"avoid  where  castles  mounted  stand." 
The  duke  di^  in  an  ale-house  called 
the  Castle,  in  St.  Aiban's. — Shakespeare, 
2  Henry  VL  act  v.  sc  2. 

11.  Awizard  told  king  Edward  lY.  that 
"  mtta  him  should  raign  one  whose  first 
letter  of  his  name  should  be  G.**  The 
king  thought  the  person  meant  was  hie 
brother  George,  but  the  duke  of  Gloucester 
was  the  person  pointed  at. — Holinshed. 
Chronicles;  Shakespeare,  £khard  III. 
act  i.  sc  1. 

Sradius  {The  emperor)  condemned 
a  knight  to  doUh  on  toe  supposition  of 
murder;  but  the  man  supposed  to  be 
murdered  making  his  appearance,  the 
condemned  man  was  taken  back,  under 
the  expectation  that  he  would  be  instantly 
acquitted.  But  no,  Eraclius  ordered  afl 
three  to  be  put  to  death:  the  knight, 
because  the  emperor  had  ordered  it ;  the 
man  who  brought  him  back,  because  he 
had  not  carried  out  the  emperor's  order ; 
and  the  man  supposed  to  oe  murdered, 
because  he  was  virtually  the  cause  of 
death  to  the  other  two. 

This  Ule  is  told  in  the  Oesta  Bommm^ 
orwn,  and  Chaucer  has  put  it  into  the 
mouth  of  his  sumpnor.  It  is  also  told 
by  Seneca,  in  his  lU  Ira  ;  but  he  ascribea 
it  to  Cornelius  Piso,  and  not  to  Eraclius. 

Braste  (2  sy/.),  hero  oi  Lee  Fachemx^ 
by  Molibre.  He  is  in  love  with  Orphiae 
(2  s]//.),  whose  tutor  is  Damis  (1661). 

Er'oeldoun  {Thonuu  of),  also  called 
"Thomas  the  Rhj-mer,"  introduced  br 
sir  W.  Scott  in  his  novel  called  CastU 
Dangerous  (time,  Henry  I.). 

It  b  Mdd  tiiat  TbomM  of  Irceldoun  b  noC  dmd.  bat 
that  ba  b  d««|ilnc  beiicafh  the  lildoa  HUb.  la  ScoOand. 
On*  dajr,  Ue  met  with  a  lady  of  dSn  net  benaath  tha 
EOdon  tree,  and  ab«  led  him  to  an  aodcr-froond  reshw, 
whara  h«  muiiinod  for  aavcn  >«an.  Ht  than  rarWtai 
tha  earth,  but  boand  biinwlf  to  retani  whew  wnninticd. 
One  dhjr.  when  he  wae  making  nieny  with  hb  fHendi,  hm 
waa  told  that  a  hart  and  hind  were  paiadioc  the  itrveC ; 
and  he  knew  it  «m  hb  ■ummon^  to  be  hnmadlalejy 
want  to  tlie  Kildoa  tree,  and  has  nerer  ahtoe  been  haara 
ot— Sir  W.  Soott,  ir«fwtr«l(y  VfAe/lMiMAaeniar. 

***  This  tale  is  substantially  the  same 
as  the  German  one  of  Tanh&vuer  (^.e.). 

Erco'co  or  Erquico,  on  the  Red  Sea, 

marks  the  north-east  boundary  of  the 

negus  of  Abyssinia. 

The  emplra  of  Negoa  to  hb  ittaaoat  |iort» 
Eroooow 


SRECK. 


299 


ERISICHTHON. 


a  knisbt  of  the  Round  Table. 
He  ■uurziea  ^ebeMtifal  Enite  (2  tyl,), 
HnghtTT  of  a  poor  knight,  and  falls  into 
a  ttatc  of  idleness  and  csffeminacj,  till 
Eoite  ronses  him  to  action.  He  then 
goes  forth  on  an  expedition  of  adven- 
tores,  and  after  combating  with  brigands, 
giants,  and  dwarfs,  returns  to  the  court 
cf  king  Arthur,  where  he  remains  till 
the  deji^  of  his  father.  He  then  enters 
on  fab  inheritance,  and  lives  peaceably 
the  rest  of  his  Itfo. — Uartmann  von  der 
Aoe,  £reek  (thirteenth  century). 


L'ia  (3  sy/.),  a  glendoveer'  or 
goud  spirit,  the  beloved  son  of  Cas'yapa 
(S  ^.),  father  of  the  immortals.  Ereenia 
took  pity  on  Kail'yal  (2  sy/.),  daughter 
of  LadnrHad,  and  carried  her  to  his 
Bower  of  Blus  in  paradise  (canto  vii.). 
Here  Kailyal  could  not  stay,  because  she 
was  still  a  living  daughter  of  earth.  On 
her  return  to  earth,  she  was  chosen  for 
the  bride  of  Jagan-naut,  and  Ayvalan 
came  to  dishonour  her;  but  she  set  fire 
to  the  pagoda,  and  Ereenia  came  to  her 
rescue.  Ereenia  was  set  upon  b^  tiie 
wtbdi  Lor'rimite  (3  syL),  and  earned  to 
the  submerged  city  c^  Ualyj  whence  he 
was  delivered  by  Ladurlad.  The  glen- 
doveer now  craved  Seeva  for  vengeance, 
but  the  god  sent  him  to  Yamcn  (Le, 
Ploto^,  and  Tamen  said  the  measure  of 
iniqmty  was  now  full,  so  Arvalan  and 
his  fraier  Kehama  were  both  made  in- 
mates of  the  city  of  everlasting  woe: 
while  Ereenia  carried  Kailyal,  who  had 

Siffed  the  waters  of  immortality,  to  his 
wer  of   Bliss,  to  dwell  with  him  in 
everlasting  joy. — Sonthey,  Curae  of  Ko- 
(1809). 


SrefrianBiill(7%tf).  Menede'mos 
of  Eretria,  in  Eubce'a,  was  called  '^BuU** 
from  the  bull-like  breadth  and  gravity 
of  his  face.  He  founded  the  ^retrian 
•efaool  (fourth  cmtnry  B.G.). 

BriCL  "Windy-cap,**  king  of  Sweden. 
He  could  make  the  wind  blow  from  any 
ouarter  by  simply  turning  his  cap. 
Ucoce  arose  the  expression,  **  a  capful  of 
wind." 

Brichtho  {E,rxie,tho\,  the  famous 
Theasalian  witch  consulted  by  Pompey. 
— Lttcan,  FhartcUiOj  vi. 

SrickBon  (Sweyn)^  a  fisherman  at 
Jarlshof.— Sir  W.  Scott,  2'he  FiraUs 
(time,  William  III.). 

£rio'tllO«  the  witch  in  John  Marston^s 


tragedy  called  The  Wonder  of  Womem  or 
Sopiumitba  (1605). 

Er'idan,  the  river  Po,  in  Italy ;  so 
called  ftom  Eridan  (or  PhaCton),'  who 
fell  into  the  stream  when  he  overthrew 
the  sun-car. 

Bo  down  the  dlrar  •treaim  of  BrfcUn. 

On  attlMr  ride  bmkt  with  a  IU7  waO 
WUtar  Uma  both.  rUe>  the  tiianiriuuit  wmtm. 

And  rinci  hb  dlT^e.  aod  propbedes  hk  1*0. 
OOm  netcber.  CkrUtt  fHuM^  [oew  Dmah\  (1018|. 

Srig'ena  {John  Scotus)^  called  **Sco- 
tus  the  Wise.'*  He  must  not  be  con- 
founded with  Duns  Scotus,  **the  Subtle 
Doctor,**  who  lived  some  four  centuries 
later.  ErigCna  died  in  875,  and  Duns 
Scotus  in  1308. 

£rig^one  (4  s^/.),  the  constellation 
Vwgo.  She  was  the  daughter  of  Icarios, 
an  Athenian,  who  was  murdered  by  some 
drunken  neasants.  Erigon§  discovered 
the  dead  oody  by  the  aid  of  her  father's 
dog  Mccra,  who  became  the  star  called 
Cams, 

.    .  .  Uiat  vlnlii.  fmU  Iriiool, 
Who  by  cnnip— lun  foC  ivebemlneaoe  lde\ 

Lord  Brooke,  q/  N0WU9. 

Srill'yab  (3  s^/.),  the  widowed  and 
deposed  queen  of  the  Hoamen  (2  syL)^ 
an  Indian  tribe  settled  on  a  south  branch 
of  the  Missouri.  Her  husband  was  king 
Tepol'loni,  and  her  son  Amal'ahta.  Madoc, 
when  he  reached  America,  espoused  her 
cause,  and  succeeded  in  restoring  her  to 
her  throne  and  empire. — Southey,  Madoc 
(1805). 

XSrin^from  «xr  or  tor  ("west**)  and 
ui  ( '*  island  **),  the  Western  Island,  Ireland. 

SSriphyle  (4  s^/.),  the  wife  of  Am- 
phiara'os.  Being  bribed  by  a  golden 
necklace,  she  betrayed  to  Polynl'ces  where 
her  husband  had  concealed  himself  that 
he  might  not  go  to  the  siege  of  Thebes, 
where  he  knew  that  he  should  be  killed. 
(}ongreve  calls  the  word  Eriph'j^le. 

When  IrtphfM  broke  b«r  pUghted  fUttt. 
And  for  •  troe  prooned  ber  binbeiura  death. 

Ovfal.^ttVloM.iiL 

Er'iri  or  Br'eri,  Snowdon,  in  Caer- 
nar>'onshire.  The  word  means  "Eagle 
rocks." 

In  IhU  reckm  .Onlovfeiiil  b  the  ftopendoai  moontala 
IrirL— Klehard  of  Ctrenoester,  On  <he  Aittima  Btat*  ^ 
Mrituin,  L  «,  S3  (Courtaenth  centmy). 

Srlsich'thon  (should  be  Erysich- 
than),  a  Thessalian,  whose  appetite  was 
insatiable.  Having  spent  all  his  estate 
in  the  purchase  of  food,  nothing  was  left 
but  his  daughter  Metra,  and  her  he  sold 
to  bnv  food  for  his  voracious  appetite; 
but  Metra  had  the  power  of  transforming 


CCLAND. 


800 


EROSTRATOS. 


hwdf  into  aav  shape  she  chose,  so  as 
often  as  her  father  sold  he^^  she  changed 
her  form  and  returned  to  him.  After  a 
time,  Erisichthon  was  reduced  to  feed 
upon  himself. — Ovid,  Metaph,,  viii.  2 
(740  to  end). 

Drayton  says  when  the  Wyre  saw  her 
goodly  oak  trees  sold  for  firewood,  she 
bethought  her  of  Erisichthon's  end,  who, 
"when  nor  sea,  norland,  sufficient  were," 
ate  his  own  flesh. — Polyolbion,  vii. 

8o  BrUctboo.  onoe  fired  (u  moo  anj) 

Wltb  buafcry  ngt,  fed  oarer,  ever  tnwUngt 
IWn  thwaand  disboi  ■trwwl  vim  d«]r. 

Yet  In  tmi  tbousmnd  thouMnd  dIsbM  neadlng. 
In  r»kn  hit  daushter  hnndrad  tbmpm  MwiBwd ; 
A  wbol*  camp's  mml  he  in  hb  gocsa  inkiinied ; 
And  all  oonMiued.  his  bouiier  yet  was  uiiconsumod. 
PbiuMS  Flotcfaar,  Tk«  Purplm  Itkmd  (ISO). 

SrlAncU  father  of  Noma  "of  the 
Fitful  Head."— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Pirate 
(time,  WiUiam  III.). 

SSrl-KinS,  a  spirit  of  mischief,  whidi 
haunts  the  Bhick  Forest  of  Thurinj^a. 

Goethe  has  a  ballad  called  the  Erl- 
kSnig,  and  Herder  has  translated  the 
Danish  ballad  of  J^  Olaf  and  the  Erl- 
king*8  Daughter. 

Snuangarde  of  BaldringhaTn 
(The  Lady),  aunt  of  the  lady  Eveline 
Berenger  "  the  betrothed."— Sir  W.  Scott, 
The  Betrothed  (time,  Henry  II.). 

Er'inoline  {I>ame)y  the  wife  of  Rey- 
nard, in  the  beast-epic  called  Reynard  the 
Fox  (1498). 

Srxnin'ia,  the  heroine  of  Jcntsalem 
Delivered.  She  fell  in  love  with  Tancred, 
and  when  tlic  Christian  army  besie^^ed 
Jerusalem,  arrayed  herself  in  Clorindu's 
armour  to  go  to  him.  After  certain  ad- 
ventures, ^e  found  him  wounded,  and 
nursed  him  tenderly ;  but  the  poet  has 
not  told  us  what  was  the  ultimate  lot  of 
this  fair  Svrian. — ^Tasso,  Jeruaaiem  De- 
livered  (1575). 

SSma'ni,  the  robber-captain,  duke  of 
Segor'bia  and  Cardo'na,  lord  of  Arftgon, 
and  count  of  Emani.  He  is  in  love  with 
Elvi'ra,  the  betrothed  of  don  Kuy  Gomez 
de  Silva,  an  old  Spanish  grandee,  whom 
she  detests.  Charles  V.  falls  in  love 
with  her,  and  Kuy  Gomez  joins  Ernani 
in  a  league  iu:ainst  their  common  rival. 
During  this  league  Emani  gives  Ku^ 
Gomez  a  horn,  saying,  "  Sound  but  this 
hom,  and  at  that  moment  Emani  will 
oease  to  live."  Just  as  he  is  about  to 
espouse  Elvira,  the  hom  is  sounded,  and 
Ernani  stabs  himself, — ^Yerdi,  Emani  (an 
open,  1841). 


{Duke),  soB-in-law  of  kaber 
Konrad  II.  He  murders  his  feudal  lord, 
and  goes  on  a  pil^uMge  to  the  Holy 
Land,  to  expiate  his  crime.  The  poem 
■o  called  is  a  mixture  of  Homeiic 
legends.  Oriental  myths,  and  pilgrims* 
tales.  We  have  pygmies  and  cydopeea, 
genii  and  endumters,  fairies  and  dwarfs, 
monks  and  devotees.  After  a  world  of 
hair-breadth  escapes,  the  duke  reachee 
the  Holy  Sepnlchre,  pays  his  vovs,  ie» 
tarns  to  Germany,  and  b  pardoned. — 
Henry  von  Yeldig  (miaaesingcr),  Duke 
Ernest  (twelfth  century). 

Ernest  de  Fridber^,  **the  pri- 
soner of  State."  He  was  imprisoned  in 
the  dungeon  of  the  Giant's  Mount  fortress 
for  fifteen  vears  on  a  false  dia^ge  of 
tseasoa.  Ul'rica  (his  natuial  dau|^ter 
by  the  countess  Marie),  dressed  in  tbe 
clothes  of  Herman,  the  deaf  and  dumb 
jailer-boy  J  gets  access  to  the  dungeoa 
and  contrives  his  escape;  but  he  is  re- 
taken, and  led  back  to  the  dungeon. 
Bein^  subsequently  set  at  liberty,  ho 
mames  the  countess  Marie  (the  motlier 
of  Ulrica).— E.  Stirling,  Ihe  Priaoner  s/ 
StaU  (1847). 

XSroB,  the  manumitted  slave  of  Antony 
the  triumvir.  Antony  made  Eros  swear 
that  he  would  kill  him  if  commanded  by 
him  so  to  do.  When  in  Egypt,  Antony 
(after  the  battle  of  Actium),  fearing  lest 
be  should  fall  into  the  hands  of  Octavius 
Csesar,  ordered  Eros  to  keep  his  promise. 
Eros  drew  his  sword,  but  thrust  it  into  his 
own  side,  and  fdl  dead  at  the  feet  of  An- 
tony. **0  noble  Eros,"  cried  Antony,  "I 
thank  thee  for  teaching  me  how  to  die  I  ** 
— Plutarch. 

*^*  Eros  is  introduced  in  Shakespeare's 
Antony  and  Cleopatra,  and  in  Drvden% 
All  for  Love  or  the  World  Wett  Lost. 

(Eros  is  the  Greek  name  of  Cupid,  and 
hence  amorous  poetry  is  called  Erotic) 

Sros'tratos  (in  Latin  Ekobtratus), 
the  incendianr  who  set  fire  to  ^e  temple 
of  Diana  of  fiphesus,  that  his  name 
might  be  perpetuated.  An  edict  was 
published,  prohibiting  any  mention  of 
the  name,  but  the  edict  was  wholly 
ineflFective. 

*^»  Charles  V.,  wishing^  to  be  Aowa 
over  the  Pantheon  [^4//  Samtsi  of  Rome, 
was  taken  to  the  top  by  a  Roman  knight. 
At  parting,  the  knight  told  the  emoeror 
that  he  felt  an  almost  irresistible  desire 
to  push  his  majesty  down  from  the  top 
id  tne  building,  '*  in  order  to  immortnUae 


KBOTiu 


Ml 


ERBOBS  OP  AUTHOKS. 


kit  nuBe.**    Unlike  EnMtratos,  Hkt  name 
«f  this  kniglit  Imm  not  tnnapirod. 

Srpta»  «  very  beautiful  but  moet 
imperious  piiDocse,  psseioustely  beloved 
br  Philander  prince  of  Cyprus. — Beau- 
mont and  Fletcher,  The  Lavs  of  Candy 
(1647). 

Eiwul^ator,  an  almanac,  an  alma- 
nae-makccy  an  astn^oger.  Samoel  Butler 
calls  liUj,  the  almanasHMaker,  an  £«»- 
Fater,  which  we  are  toid  wag  the  name 
oi  a  iaaons  Jewidi  aatroleger. 

»r    bn^rMrarabMBdMliiliflU** 


Srrason,  kin^  of  Lora  (in  Scandi- 
naria).  Aldo,  a  (^uedooisQ  cMef,  offered 
him  his  services,  and  obtuned  several 
important  vSctories;  but  Lorma,  the 
ki^s  wife,  failin&:  in  love  with  him,  the 
^niitv  pair  escaped  to  Morven.  Erragon 
mvaoea  the  country,  and  slew  Aldo  in 
siDgle  combat,  but  was  himself  slain  in 
battle  by  (>aiil,  son  of  Momi.  As  for 
Lorma,  she  dieid  of  grief. — Osaan,  ITie 
BaUUefLon. 

Bmuit  •nftmflrf  (2%e),  t7na.--Spen- 
scr,  Fatry  Queen,  iu.  1  (1690). 

Brrol  (GUbert  eari  of)^  lord  higji  con- 
stable of  Scotland.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Fair 
Maid  of  Perth  (time,  Henry  IT.). 

Xnror,  a  monster  who  lived  in  a  den 
ia  "Wandering  Wood,"  and  with  whom 
the  Bed  Ooes  Knight  had  his  iirst  ad- 
Tentore.  She  had  a  brood  of  1(X)0  young 
ones  of  sundry  shapes,  and  these  cubs 
crept  into  their  mother's  mouth  when 
ilsmigdj  as  young  kan^iroos  creep  into 
their  mother's  pouch.  The  knight  was 
nearly  killed  bv  the  stench  which  issued 
from  the  foul  fiend,  but  he  succeeded  in 
**  mfting  **  her  head  off,  whereupon  the 
fafood  Upped  np  the  blood,  and  burst 
with  satiety. 

Dh*  a  anpant  honrfbiy  dbplRTMl. 

half  dU  woMMili  Aap*  rctmhi .  •  • 


Aad  a«  A*  lar  upon  tlw  dlr^  cnMM. 
Her  ham  l«>s  taS  Imt  den  all  ovenprwd. 
T«c  w  In  kaoto  »nd  man/  bomtm  ifokU]  apwoaid^ 
i  wfHinHftal  athtf. 

LIOSBO). 


Errors   of  ArtiBts.     (See   Ama- 

CHBONinCS.) 

AxoKLO  (MicM)f  in  his  great  fnctnre  of 
(he  *'Ljt8t  Judgment,**  has  introdoced 
Charon's  bark. 

Bkkkghkli,  the  Dutch  painter,  in  a 
pietnie  of  the  <*  Wise  Men  of  the  East'* 
making  their  offerings  to  the  infant  Jesas, 


has  xepfoaentod  one  of  them  dressed  in  a 
hu^e  white  surplice,  booted  and  spumd, 
offering  the  model  of  a  Dutch  seventy- 
four  to  the  infant. 

Ettt  has  placed  by  the  bedside  el 
Holofemes  a  helmet  of  the  period  of  the 
seventeenth  oentnry. 

Mazzochi  (Patuo)y  in  his  "Symbolical 
Painting  of  the  Four  Elementa,"  repn- 
sents  the  sea  hy  fishes^  the  earth  by  wwieSf 
fire  by  a  salamanderf  and  air  b^  a  etnas// 
Evidently  he  mistook  the  camekon  (which 
traditionally  lives  on  air)  for  a  eamel. 

TiirroRBT,  in  ^  picture  which  repsesents 
the  "  Israelites  (gathering  Manna  in  the 
WildefDess,"  faaa  aimed  the  men  with 
guns. 

Yerorbss  (Patd).  in  his  <*Bfarriagn 
Feast  of  Oana  of  Galilee."  has  intoodnced 
among  the  guests  several  Benedictines. 

Wkst,  president  of  the  Bojral  Academr, 
has  represented  Paris  the  Phrygian  m 
Boman  costume. 

Wbstmikster  Hall  is  full  of  ab- 
sardities.  Witness  the  following  as 
specimens  :— 

Sir  Qondesley  Shovel  is  dressed  in  a 
Boman  cuirass  and  sandals,  but  on  his 
head  is  a  full-bottomed  wig  of  the 
d^teenth  century. 

The  duke  <tf  Bncklogbara  is  anaytd  in 
the  costume  of  a  Boman  emperor,  and  his 
duchess  in  the  eouit  diess  of  Geoige  I. 
period. 

Errors  of  Authors.     (See  Aha- 

CHRONI8M8.) 

Akenbide.  He  views  the  Ganges 
from  Aipine  heights. — Pieaeures  of  ImagU 
nation, 

Allison  (Sir  Ardilbotd)  says:  **^ 
Peregrine  Pickle  was  one  of  the  pall- 
bearers of  the  duke  of  Wellington." — Life 
of  Lord  Castlerewjh, 

In  his  History  of  Europe,  the  phrase 
droit  de  timbre  (*'*  stamp  duty  **)  he  trans- 
lates **  timber  duties.** 

Articlrs  of  War  ran  the  Army. 
It  is  ordered  "that  every  recniit  shall 
have  the  40th  and  40th  of  the  articles 
read  to  him**  (art.  iii.). 

The  40th  article  relates  wholly  to  the 
misconduct  of  chaplains,  and  has  no  sort 
of  concern  with  recruits.  Probably  the 
4l8t  is  meant,  which  is  about  mutiny  and 
insubordination. 

Browne  (Waiiam).  ApeHis'  Curtain. 
W.  Browne  says : 

If.  .  .  iMtmjrpMidl  to  Apellte' table  fpolNriiM] 
Or  iKM  to  Sraa*  M«  cmrtmin. 

ILt 


This  curtain  was  not  drawn  by  Apelles, 


n 


EKRORS  OP  AUTHORS. 


802 


ERRORS  OF  AUTHORS. 


but  by  pArrhasios.  who  lived  a  full  cen- 
tury  before  A|ielie8.  The  contest  was 
between  Zeuxis  and  Parrhasios.  The 
former  exhibited  a  bunch  of  cnrapes  which 
deceived  the  birds,  and  the  latter  a  cur- 
tain which  deceived  the  competitor. 

BiuiYSSKL  (L\  von)  says:  "According 
to  Homer,  Achilles  had  a  vulnerable 
heel."  It  is  a  vulgar  error  to  attribute 
this  myth  to  Homer.  The  blind  old  bard 
nowhere  says  a  word  about  it.  The 
story  of  dipping  Achilla  in  the  river 
Stvx  is  altogether  post-Homeric 

^YBOM.  Xerxes'  Ships,  Bjnon  says 
that  Xerxes  looked  on  his  "ships  by 
thousands**  off  the  coast  of  Sal'amis. 
The  entire  number  of  sails  was  1200 ;  of 
these  400  were  vrrecked  before  the  battle 
off  the  coast  of  Sepias,  so  that  even 
supposing  the  whole  of  the  rest  were  en- 
ga^d,  the  number  could  not  exceed  800. 
— Isies  of  Greece, 

The  Isie  Teas,  In  the  same  poem  he 
refers  to  **Teos*'  as  one  of  the  isles  of 
Greece,  but  Tcos  is  a  maritime  town  on 
the  coast  of  Ionia,  in  Asia  Elinor. 

Ckkvantes.  Dorotlica' 9  Father,  Doro- 
thea represents  herself  as  queen  of  Mico- 
nuui,  because  both  her  father  and  mother 
were  deadf  but  don  Quixote  speaks  of  him 
to  her  as  alioe. — Pt.  I.  iv.  8. 

Mambrmo's  Helmet,  In  pt.  I.  iii.  8 
we  are  told  that  the  galley-slaves  set 
free  by  don  Quixote  assaulted  him  with 
stones,  and  "snatching  the  basin  from 
his  head,  broke  it  to  pieces,^  In  bk. 
iv.  15  we  find  this  basin  (^uite  whole 
and  sound,  the  subiect  of  a  judicial  in- 
quir>',  the  question  being  wheUier  it  was 
a  helmet  or  a  barber's  basin.  Sancho 
(ch.  11)  says,  he  "  picked  it  up,  bruised 
and  battered,  intending  to  get  it  mended ;  ** 
but  he  sa}*s,  "  I  broke  it  to  pieces,"  or, 
according  to  one  translator,  "  broke  it 
into  a  thousand  pieces.**  In  bk.  iv.  8  we 
are  told  that  don  Quixote  "came  from  his 
chamber  armed  cap-it-vie,  with  the  bar- 
ber*8  basin  on  hiii  head. 

Sanchd's  Ass,  We  are  told  (pt.  I.  iii.  9) 
thai  Gines  de  Passamonte  "stole  Sancho's 
ass.**    Sancho  laments  the  loss  with  true 

eithos,  and  the  knight  condoles  with  him. 
at  soon  afterwards  Cervantes  says:  "He 
[^Sancho]  jogged  on  leisurely  upon  his  ass 
after  his  master.** 

Hxncho's  Great-coat.  Sancho  Panza,  we 
are  told,  left  his  wallet  behind  in  the 
Crescent  Moon  tavern,  where  he  was 
tossed  in  a  blanket,  and  put  the  provisions 
left  by  the  priests  in  his  great-coat  jch.  6). 
The  galley-slaves  robbed  him  of  "his 


great-coat,  leaving  only  his  doablct**  (di. 
8|,  but  in  the  next  chapter  (9)  we  find  "  tiie 
victuals  had  not  been  touched,**  though 
the  rascals  "searched  diligently  for  booty.** 
Now,  if  ^e  food  was  in  the  great-coai, 
and  the  great-coat  was  stolen,  how  is  it 
that  the  victuals  remained  in  Sancho*8 
possession  untouched  ? 

Sancho's  Wallet,  We  are  told  that 
Sancho  left  his  ¥rallet  bv  mistake  at  the 
tavern  where  be  was  blanket-tossed  (ch.  6), 
but  in  ch.  9,  when  he  found  the  port- 
manteau, '*he  crammed  the  |;oid  and 
linen  into  his  wallet.** — Pt.  I.  iiu 

To  make  these  oversights  more  striking^ 
the  author  sa}'s,  when  Sancho  found  the 
portmanteau,  "he  entirely  forgot  the  loss 
of  his  wailetj  his  great-coat^  and  of  his 
faithful  companion  and  servant  Dapple" 
{the  ass). 

Supper,  Cervantes  makes  the  party  at 
the  Crescent  tavern  eat  two  suppers  in 
one  evening.  In  ch.  5  the  curate  orders 
in  supper,  and  "  after  supper**  they  read 
tiie  story  of  Fatai  Curiosity,  In  ch.  12 
we  are  told  "  the  cloth  was  laid  [ogam] 
for  supper,**  and  the  comnany  sat  down 
to  it,  quite  forgetting  tnat  they  had 
already  supped. — Pt.  I.  iv. 

Cham  bbrs's  RNcrcLOPiRDiA  states  that 
"  the  fame  of  Beaumarchais  rests  on  his 
two  operas,  Le  Barbier  de  Seville  (1755) 
and  £e  Manage  de  Figaro,**  Eveiy  one 
knows  that  Mozart  composed  the  opera  of 
Figaro  (1786),  and  that  C^asti  wrote  the 
libretto.  The  opera  of  Le  Barbier  de 
Seville^  or  rather  //  Barbiere  di  Siviglia^ 
was  composed  by  Rossini,  in  1816.  What 
Beaumarchais  wrote  was  two  comedies, 
one  in  four  acts  and  the  other  in  five  acts. 
— Art.  "Beaumarchais.** 

Chambers's  Journal.  We  are  told, 
in  a  paper  entitled  "  Coincidences,**  that 
"  Thursday  has  proved  a  fatal  day  with 
the  Tudors,  for  on  that  day  died  Henry 
VIII.,  Edward  VI.,  queen  Mar}%  and 
queen  Elizabeth.*'  If  this  had  been  ^e 
case  it  would,  indeed,  have  been  startling ; 
but  what  arc  the  facts?  Henry  VUI. 
died  on  FrtdaUy  January  28,  1547,  and 
Elizabeth  died  on  Monday ^  March  24, 
1603. — Rymer,  Foedera,  xv. 

In  the  same  paper  we  are  told  with 
equal  inaccuracy  that  Saturday  has  been 
fatal  to  the  present  d\niastv,  "for  William 
IV.  and  ever>'  one  of  the  Ueorges  died  on 
a  Saturday. **  What,  however,  says  history 

S roper?  William  IV.  died  on  THesday, 
ime  20,  1837 ;  George  1.  died  Wednes- 
day^ June  11,  1727  ;  (George  III.  died 
Monday,  January  29,  1820 ;  George  IV. 


SBROBS  OF  AUTHORS. 


808 


ERRORS  OF  AUTHORS. 


died  S^ndavj  June  26,  1880;  and  only 
George  II.  died  on  a  Saturday,  **  the  day 
[«9l  fetal  to  the  present  dynasty.** 

Chaccbb  says:  **The  throstle-cock 
nnga  so  sweet  a  tone  that  Tubal  himself, 
the  first  mnskiaa,  conld  not  equal  it.** — 
Tie  Ccmrt  of  Love.  Of  course  he  means 
JubaL 

CtBBBB  (CbOtfv),  in  his  Looe  Maket  a 
Jfoa,  L,  makes  Carlos  the  student  say, 
*' For  the  cure  of  herds  [  Vtr^iTs]  daco^ieib 
arc  a  master-pieee ;  but  when  his  art 
describes  the  commonwealth  of  bees  .  .  . 
Tm  ravished.**  He  means  the  Oeorgtct, 
the  Bwcoiics  are  eclc^^es,  and  never  touch 
■poa  either  of  these  subjects.  The 
Atmfmm^  Aod  cures  of  catUc  arc  in  Oeo/yio 
iii^and  the  habits,  etc.,  of  bees,  Georgic  iv. 

CiD  {The),  When  Alfonso  succeeded 
his  brother  Sancho  and  banished  the  Cid, 
Rodogo  is  made  to  say : 


(Ban  •nowfh  «lMn  %u  frcin  blovB)t 
WW*  WW*  they  wbM  1. 1 


lUrtoMi  tiMit 

The  hiatoric  fact  is,  not  tliat  Rodrigo 
moied  Alfonso  from  thirteen  foes,  but 
that  the  Cid  reacued  Sancho  from  thirteen 
of  Alfonso's  foes.  Eleven  he  slew,  and 
two  he  pot  to  fli|dit.— TAtf  Cid,  xvL  78. 

CoLMAJr.  Job  Thomberry  sa^  to 
Peregrine,  who  offers  to  assist  him  m  his 
difiealtiea,  **  Desist,  young  man,  in  time.** 
But  Peregrine  was  at  least  46  years  old 
when  so  addressed.  He  was  15  when 
Job  first  knew  him,  and  had  been  absent 
thirty  years  in  Calcutta.  Job  Thomberry 
kiouelf  waa  not  above  five  or  six  years 
older. 

CowFKK  calls  the  rose  *'the  glory  of 
April  and  May,**  but  June  is  the  great 
rose  month.  In  the  south  of  England 
they  begin  to  bloom  in  the  latter  half  of 
Ma^,  and  go  on  to  the  middle  of  July. 
April   rooes  would  be  horticultural  cu- 

Cai-nca  at  fault.  The  licentiate  tells 
don  Quixote  that  some  critics  found  fiuilt 
with  him  for  defective  memory,  and 
instanced  it  in  thU:  **  We  are  told  that 
Sancho's  ass  is  stolen,  but  the  author  has 
fof^^tten  to  mention  who  the  thief  was.'* 
This  is  not  the  case,  as  we  are  distinctly 
informed  that  it  was  stolen  by  Gines  de 
Passamonte,  one  of  the  galley-slaves. — 
Dom  Quixote,  II.  i.  8. 

DiCKJcy s,  in  Edwin  Drood,  puts  *'  rooks 
ai^  rooks'  nests  **  (instead  of  daws)  *'  in 
the  towers  of  Cloisterfaam.** 

In  Nicholas  Nicfdehy  he  represents  Mr. 
Sqoeers  as  setting  his  boys  '*to  hoe 
turnips**  in  midwinter. 


In  The  Tale  of  Two  Cities,  ill.  4,  he 
says :  **  The  name  of  the  strong  nian  of 
Old  Scripture  descended  to  Use  chief 
functionary  who  worked  the  ^illotine.** 
But  the  name  of  this  functionary  was 
Sanson,  not  Samson. 

Galkx  says  that  man  has  seven  bones 
in  the  sternum  (instead  of  three) ;  and 
Sylvius,  in  reply  to  Vesaliin,  contends 
that  *'in  days  of  yore  the  robust  chests 
of  heroes  had  more  bones  than  men  now 
have.** 

Greene  (Robert)  speaks  of  Delj^oe  as 
an  island;  but  Delphos,  or  rather  Del^i, 
was  a  cit^  of  Phocis,  and  no  island. 
"  Six  noblemen  were  sent  to  the  isle  of 
Delphos.'* — Donastus  and  Faunia.  Pro- 
bably he  confounded  the  city  of  Delphi 
with  the  isle  of  Delos. 

Halliwbll,  in  his  Archaic  Dictionary, 
sayv:  **Cronchmas  means  (Christmas,** 
and  adds  that  Tusser  is  his  authority. 
But  this  is  altogether  a  mistake.  Tnsser, 
in  his  ^^ May  Remembrances,'*  says: 
*'  From  bull  cow  fast,  till  Crouchmas  be 
past,"  i,e.  St.  Helen's  Day.  Tusser  evi- 
dently means  from  May  3  (the  invention 
of  the  Cross)  to  August  18  (St.  Helen's 
Day  or  the  Cross-mas),  not  (}hrist-mas. 

HioooNS  {Bevil)  says : 

The  Qrprhui  queen,  dnva  bjr  ApdMi^  head. 
Of  perfect  beeuty  did  tfce  pettero  Mend  I 

I  traiB  evwjr  pert  of  Oteeee 

niUie  piece. 
IV  Mr  e94fr«s  Kn$IUr  (im:). 

Tradition  savs  that  ApeUds'  model  w«8 
either  Phrynl,  or  CampaspS  afterwards  his 
wife.  Campbell  has  borrowed  these  lines, 
but  ascribes  the  painting  to  Protog'enis 
the  Rhodian. 

When  fine  the  Rhodhui's  mfaalc  art  errared 
The  Queen  of  Beeutjr  In  her  Cyortan  ■hade. 
The  heppjr  maeter  mingled  In  the  piece 
~       looki 


But  then  bright  n/mphi  i 

DU  aU  ooutnbute  to  adorn  the  piece. 


that  charmed  him  In  the  Ikir  of  < 

jnua$mrm  ^  /f e/w.  IL 

Johnson  {.Dr.)  makes  Addison  speak 
of  Steele  as  ^*  Little  Dicky,"  whereas  the 

eirson  so  called  by  Addison  was  not 
ichard  Steele,  but  a  dwarfish  actor  who 
^yed  ** Gomez"  in  Drydcn's  Spamsh 
Fryar, 

London  Newspaper  {A),  one  of  the 
leading  journals  of  the  day,  has  spoken 
three  times  within  two  years  of  '*  passing 
ymder  the  Caudine  Forks,"  evidently  sup- 
posing them  to  be  a  '*  yoke  "  instead  of  a 
valley  or  moimtain  pass. 

Longfellow  calls  Erig'ena  a  Scotch" 
man,  whereas  the  very  word  means  an 
Irishman. 

Done  bito  Utin  bjr  Omt  Soottkh  beMt. 


OobUm 

Without  doubt,  the  poet  mistook  John 


mORS  OF  AUTHORS. 


ERBOtS  OF  AUTHORS. 


Dobs  [Soothuil,  who  died  in  1808,  for 
John  Soottu  [jSrigend],  vho  died  in  876. 
SiigenA  tnmslated  into  Latin  St,  DUmy^ 
9m§.  He  WM  ImtitodinMim  in  his  views, 
mad  anything  but  *'a  Scottish  beast"  or 
Calrinist. 

2%tf  2\oo  Anaek,  Longfellow  crowns 
the  death^-ang^  with  amamnth,  with 
which  Milton  says,  "the  spirits  eleet 
bind  their  resplendent  locks;**  and  his 
angel  ot  life  he  crowns  with  asphodelji, 
the  flowers  of  Plato  or  the  grave. 

If  BLViLLB  ( WkyU)  makes  a  very  pro- 
minent paii  (Mf  his  story  called  Hotmby 
Hkmm  torn  on  the  death  of  a  fiavourite 
hawk  named  Diamond,  which.  Maiy 
Cave  tossed  off,  and  saw  '*  fall  lifeless  at 
tiie  kind's  feet"  (ch.  xxix.).  In  eh. 
xlvi.  this  very  hawk  is  represented  to 
be  alive:  '* proud,  beautiful,  and  cruel, 
like  a  Koitttf  Victrix  it  perohed  on  her 
mistress's  wrist,  imhooded.^^ 

Milton.  ColkUto  and  Macdonnel.  In 
Sonnet  x.  MUton  speaks  of  Colkitto  and 
M^Donnel  as  two  distinct  families,  but 
they  are  reallv  one  and  the  same.  The 
M^Donnels  of  Antrim  were  called  Col- 
cittok  because  they  were  descended  from 
the  Ume  Colin. 

In  Comu9  (ver.  880)  he  makes  the  siren 
Ligea  **sle^  her  hair  with  a  golden 
comb,"  as  if  she  were  a  Scandinavian 
mermaid. 

MoouB  {Thom,)  %Ky%i 

The  ■»&>««  turns  on  li«r«od.  vlMBk*«tt, 
Tb«  aaoM  look  which  ib*  turned  when  b«  roMk 

/HA  M^odtm.  ft.  ("Bcltore  M&  If  d  lliogi 
iMlMliBC  Yotiw  GkMMii. 

The  sunflower  does  not  turn  either  to 
the  rising  or  setting  sun.  It  receives  its 
name  soMy  because  it  resembles  a  pic- 
ture sun.  It  is  not  a  turn-sun  or  helio- 
trope at  alL 

Morris  ( W,\  in  his  Atahnta'a  Raoe^ 
renders  the  Greek  word  mwphnm  *^saf- 
ron,"  and  says : 

8ho  Mm  MdAtm  gown  wfM  now 
Andlnno 


teboMdi 

i.0.  she  will  never  be  a  bride.  Nonnins 
(bk.  xii.)  tells  us  that  virtuous  women 
wore  a  girdled  ^«wn  called  9aophran 
('*  chaste^'),  to  indicate  their  purity  and  to 
prevent  indecorous  liberties.  The  gown 
was  not  yellow  at  all,  but  it  was  girded 
with  a  girdle. 

MuRPHT,    in    Che   Qrwoiem   DangKttr, 
says  (act  L  1) : 

Havu  y«a  tatpsl  the  older  DIonjrriM, 

Surnamed  Um  Tyrant  f  .  .  .  Bvander  come  fttMa  GnM% 

And  tent  the  brraot  to  hi*  hnmble  rank. 

Onee  more  renieMi  la  maaa  Cor  vtle  nhrietonee^ 

A  VMdarii«  aoplilst  thro' the  Motan  of  Ommdo. 

li   was  not  Dionjsios   the  Elder ^   but 


Dionysius  the  Tmnqttt  who  wis  tibi 
"wandering  soi^iist;"  and  it  was  noi 
Evander,  but  Timoleen,  who  dethroned 
him.  The  elder  Dionysius  was  not  de- 
throned at  all,  nor  ever  reduced  ''to 
hnmble  rank."  He  reigned  thirty-^n^hi 
vears  without  intemijmoo,  and  died  « 
king,  in  the  plenitude  of  his  gloiy,  at  tlte 
age  of  68. 

In  the  same  play  (not  iv.  1)  Euphrasia 
oays  to  Dionysius  the  Tonntfer; 

TUik  of  tar  auber^  fkto  at  CMMk.  BtoBnlHL 

It  was  not  the  father  irat  tiie  aon 
(Dionysius  the  Younger)  who  lived  in 
exile  at  Corinth. 

In  the  same  play  be  makes  Timoneon 
victorious  over  the  Syracusians  (that  is 
historically  correct)  ;  and  he  makes  Ett> 
phrasia  stab  Dionystus  the  Younger, 
whereas  he  retreated  to  Corinth,  and 
spent  his  time  in  debauchery,  bat  svp^ 
ported  himself  by  keeping  a  school.  Of 
nis  death  nothing  is  known,  but  certainly 
he  was  not  stabbed  to  death  by  Euphrasia, 
— See  Pltttareh. 

Rtmbr,  in  his  Fadm^  ascribes  to 
Henry  I.  (who  died  in  1186)  a  prsMhini^ 
expedition  for  the  restovation  of  Roehear>- 
ter  Chuch,  injured  by  fin  in  1177  (vol.  f* 
i.  9). 

In  the  pravioms  pace  Rymer  aaonbes  tn 
Hcniy  I.  a  deed  of  gift  from  "  Hennr 
king  of  England  and  iord  o/  Irekmd;^ 
bnt  every  one  knows  that  Ireland  was 
conquered  by  Henry  II.,  and  the  deed 
referred  to  was  the  act  of  Henry  III. 

On  p.  71  of  the  same  voL  Odo  is  mad^ 
in  1298,  to  swear  "in  no  wise  to  oo»- 
fedecnte  with  Richard  L;**  whaieas 
Richard  I.  died  in  1199. 

Sabinb  Maid  (/%«).  G.  GUfiUaa,  in 
his  introductory  essay  to  Longfellow, 
says :  "  His  ornaments,  unlike  tnoae  of 
the  Sabine  maid,  have  iiot  crashed  him." 
Tarpeia,  who  opened  the  gates  of  Rome 
to  the  Sabines,  and  was  crashed  to  death 
by  their  shields,  was  not  a  Sabtrnt  maid 
but  a  Roman. 

SooTT  {Sir  Walter).  In  the  HmM^  </ 
i/iicttoMiaji  we  read : 


Sko  (JC#to  Deoiu] 
daliT  .  .  .  and  wae  near  dhcororinf  henelf  to 
Hetlcy  bjr  betr»xlng  bar  acqualutaoco  with  the  oelel 
receipt  for  Dunlop  cfaeete,  that  die  cooipared  hcrrcir  to 
Be(h«dili0  llMUHt.  wboai  the  visler  hie  JMlMr4n-law  dl». 
ooreTBd  by  hh  mperiatlfo  aUD  hi  oamiMWlMS  crwa-tarta 
wtth  pepper  In  tboni. 

In  these  few  lines  are  several  gross  errors : 

(1)  "cream-tarts  should  be  cheese-oike* ; 

(2)  the  charge  was  '*  Uiat  he  made  cheese- 
cakes without  putting  pepper  in  them," 
and  not  that  he.  made  "  cream-tarts  tciU 


JOtBOBS  OP  AUTHORa. 


i06 


SRBOBS  OF  AUTHOBS 


;**  (3)  it  WM  not  the  vizier  his 

r-in-Iaw  and  ande,  bat  his  mother, 

tfie  widow  of  Noareddin,  who  made  the 

diacoTerv,  and  whv  ?  for  Uie  best  of  all 

leaaona-^-becaiise  sne  herself  had  taught 

bcr  son  the  receipt.    The  p*rt^  were  at 

Pdroiecos  at  the  time. — Arabian  Nights 

(«*NoarcddinAIi,**etc).    (See  next  page, 

•'Thackeiay.*') 

"VkMl*  «M  Bi^iiIiIIb.  -wm  wjlMm  la  m 
hamm  to  kc  broken  a»4  ikitfujwl  .  .  .  onlr  beavm  I 
«i4  MW  f^  VapfMr  ia  •  fliw  ttktl'—Atvitmm  Mii/kk 

rwiBiiitnag.-- 


^  Walter  Scott    speaks  of 

^tfai  philosopher  who  appealed  fh>m 
Philip  mflamed  with  wine  to  Philip  in  his 
ho«fs  of  sobriety  **  {Anikpuaruy  x.)>  This 
^phSosepher**  was  a  poor  old  woman. 

Bhaubpbakk.  Alihma  and  the  J^re- 
kvmui,  Shakespeare  savs  (2  Bmry  IV, 
aetiL  se.  2)  thai  "Althiea  dreamt  she  was 
dcDTMed  of  a  fire-brand.**  It  was  not 
Althca  bat  Heeflba  who  dreamed,  a  Kttle 
before  Fteis  was  bora,  that  her  offspriog 
was  a  brand  that  consumed  the  kingdom.*^ 
The  tale  of  Althoea  is,  tlmt  the  Fates  laid 
a  log  of  wood  on  a  fire,  and  told  her  that 
her  son  would  live  till  that  loc  was  coo- 
sailed :  whereupon  she  snatched  up  the 
kg  and  kept  it  from  the  fire,  till  one  daj 
her  son  Hel^ger  offendea  her,  when 
she  finn^  the  log  on  the  fire,  and  her  son 
died,  as  the  Fates  predicted. 

Bohama^B  Coast.  In  the  Winter's  Tale 
Ihe  Tcaeel  bearing  the  infant  PerdTta  is 
**dnTcn  by  storm  on  the  coast  of  Bohe- 
bot  Bohemia  has  no  sea-board  at 


afl. 

In  CorMamu  Shakespeare  makes  Yo- 
InnSa  the  mother,  and  viigilia  the  wiffe, 
sf  Coriolanns ;  but  his  wife  was  Volom- 
■ia.  and  his  mother  Yeturia. 
^Delphi  an  Itdand,  In  the  same  drama 
(act  iiL  sc  1)  Delphi  is  spoken  of  as  an 
ttUnd ;  but  Delphi  b  a  dly  of  Phods, 
imi^pting  a  temple  to  ApoUo.    It  is  no 

Uandatall* 

Ihmoan'8  Mvrder,  Macbeth  did  tiot 
murder  Duncan  in  tiie  castle  of  Inverness, 
as  nXuxeA  in  thp  plav.  hut  at  **the  smith's 
howb*'  BMT  Elgin  (1039). 

Einnu/nt.  bliakespeare  speaks  of  the 
"beetling  diff  of  Elsinore,**  whereas 
£lsifiore  has  no  cUffs  at  aU. 

wbHt  tf  U  !(W  «*Mr]  tainpta  joa  to  th»  food . .  • 
or  to  ^1  drMMlfel  Mumft  of  tbe  fSM 
ftatt  liHii  o'«r  its  kaw  IM*  1^  Mftt 

JfawW.  Mt  L  ML  4 

The  Ohoei,  in  BatnM^  is  evidently  a 
Bsman  Csdiolie  t  he  talks  of  purgatory, 
ih— lution,  and  ether  catholic  dogmas ; 
but  the  Danes  at  the  time  veie  psgans» 


8t,  Lome,  Shakespeare,  in  Henry  F» 
act  i.  sc.  2,  calls  Louis  X.  *'  St.  Louis,'*  bat 
''  St.  Louis  "  was  Louis  IX.  It  was  Louis 
IX.  whose  **  grandmother  was  Isabel,** 
issue  of  Charles  de  Lorraine,  the  last  of 
the  Carlovingians.  Louis  X.  was  the  son 
of  Philippe  lY.  {le  Bel),  and  grandson  of 
Philippe  m.  and  "Isabel  of  Aragon,** 
not  Isabd  **heir  of  Capet,  of  the  Ime  of 
Charles  the  duke  of  Lorain." 

Macbeth  was  no  tyrant,  as  Shakespeare 
makes  him  out  to  be,  but  a  firm  and 
equitable  prince,  whose  title  to  the  throne 
was  better  than  that  of  Duncan. 

Again,  if<]c6^  was  not  slain  by  Mae- 
duff  at  Dunsin'ane,  but  made  his  escape 
from  the  battle,  and  was  slain,  in  1056^ 
at  Lumphanan. — ^Lardnei^  Oabmet  Cpc^, 
17-19. 

In  Hie  Winter*a  Tale,  act  v.  ic  % 
one  of  the  gentlemen  refers  to  Julio 
Romano,  the  Italian  artist  and  architect 
(1492-1546),  certainly  some  1800  yean 
ortnore  before  Romano  was  born. 

In  Twei/th  Niifht,  the  lUyrian  clown 
speaks  of  St.  Bennet's  Church,  London* 
"The  triplex,  sir,  is  a  good  tripping  mea- 
sure, or  tiie  bells  of  St.^nnet  s  sure  may 
put  you  in  mind :  one,  two,  three  "  (act  v. 
sc.  1)  ;  as  if  the  duke  was  a  Londoner. 

Spevbkk.  Bacckue  or  Sat^etn  f  In 
the  Fairy  Qvieen,  iii.  11,  Britomart  saw 
in  the  castle  of  Bu'sirane  (8  •y'Oi  ^  P>^ 
ture  descriptive  of  tbe  lore  of  oatara, 
who  had  changed  himself  into  a  centaiv 
out  of  love  lor  Erig'onS.  It  was  not 
Saturn  but  Baodius  who  loved  Erigond, 
and  he  was  not  tiansfcMrmed  to  a  centaor, 
but  to  a  horse. 

Benoni  or  (Emmif  In  bk.  vi.  9  (Fairy 
Queen)  the  lady-love  of  Paris  is  called 
BenOn^  which  ought  to  be  CEoOnd.  The 
poet  savs  that  Paris  was  "  by  Plexippus' 
brook  *  when  the  golden'  apple  was 
brought  to  him ;  but  no  such  brook  is 
menooned  by  any  classic  author. 

Critias  and  Socrates.  In  bk.  ii.  7  (Fo^ 
Queen)  Spenser  says :  "  The  wise  SoeriU 
t£s  .  .  .  poured  out  his  li£e  »  .  .  to  the 
dear  CritUst  his  dearest  bd-amie."  U 
was  not  bocratSs  but  Theram'ends,  one 
of  the  thirty  tyrants,  who,  in  quaAns 
the  poison-cup,  said  smiling,  "Thib  I 
drink  to  the  health  of  fair  Critias."-^ 
(Scero,  Tusculan  Questions, 

Criiias  or  Critoi  In  FaXry  Queen,  iv. 
(introduction),  Spenser  says  that  Soera- 
tSs  often  discoursed  of  love  to  his  triend 
Cfitias;  but  H  was  (2rito,or  nther  Qritoo, 
that  the  poet  means. 

Cyprus  and  £*apho$.    Spenser  makes 


'1 


ERRORS  OF  AUTHORS. 


806 


ERRORS  OF  AUTHORS. 


tiT  Scndamore  speak  of  a  temple  of 
Venus,  far  more  beautiful  than  *'■  that  in 
Paphos  or  that  in  C>-pru8  ;  *'  but  Paphos 
was  merely  a  town  in  the  island  of  Cy- 
prus, and  the  *'  two  "  are  but  one  and  the 
same  temple. — Faery  Queen,  iv.  10. 

Ifippomanes,  Spenser  says  the  golden 
apples  of  Mammon's  garden  were  better 

than 

Tbote  wtth  wfaick  the  labatn  jroong  maa  won 
Swift  Atalanta. 

FatrpQmt&m,  B.7. 

The  young  man  was  Hippom'angs,  but 
he  was  not  a  **  Eub«ui  *'  but  a  native  of 
Onchestos,  in  Boeo'tia. 

TENNYSoir,  in  the  Last  Tournament^ 
says  (ver.  1),  Dagonet  was  knighted  in 
mockery  by  sir  Gaw'ain  ;  but  in  the 
History  of  Prince  Arthur  we  are  dis- 
tinctly told  that  king  Ar^ur  knighted 
him  with  his  own  hand  (pt.  ii.  91). 

In  Oareth  and  Lynette  the  same  poet 

says  that  Gareth  was  the  son  of  Lot  and 

Bellicent ;  but  we  are  told  a  score  times 

and  more  in  the  History  of  Prince  Arthur , 

that  he  was  the  son  of  Margawse  (Arthur's 

sister  and  Lot's  wife,  pt.  i.  86). 

King  Lot .  .  .  wedded  MorsAwas ;  Nentni .  .  .  wedded 
EkliL-ar  T.  Maloiy.  ifitfory  V  Prin«$  Arthur,  L  % 

Sfi.a& 

In  the  Bsane  Idyll  Tennyson  has  changed 
Lion6s  to  Lyonors ;  but,  according  to  the 
collection  of  romances  edited  by  sir  T. 
Malory,  these  were  quite  different'persons. 
Lion^,  daughter  of  sir  Persaunt,  and 
sbter  of  Linet  of  Castle  Perilous,  married 
sir  Gareth  (pt.  i.  153) ;  but  Lyonors  was 
the  daughter  of  earl  Sanam,  and  was  the 
unwed  mother  of  sir  Borre  by  king 
Arthur  (pt.  i.  15). 

Again,  Tennyson  makes  Gareth  marry 
Lynette,  and  leaves  the  true  heroine, 
LyononL  in  the  cold ;  but  the  History 
makes  Gareth  marry  Liongs  {Lyonors)^ 
and  Gaheris  his  brother  marries  Lmet. 

Tbui  endeth  Um  hlitonr  or  dr  (kreUi.  Uwt  wedded  Dmm 
Uon««ortl)eCutlePeiiloi«:  Mid  Abo  of  ilr  0«h«ris,  who 
wedded  her  ateter  Dame  UneC— Sir  T.  MalofT,  UUtorw 
or /ViMee  ^rOtir  (end  of  pC  L). 

Again,  in  Gareth  and  Lynette^  by 
erroneously  beginning  day  with  sunrise 
instead  of  the  previous  eve,  Tennyson 
reverses  the  order  of  the  knights,  and 
makes  the  fresh  green  mom  represent  the 
decline  of  day,  or,  as  he  calls  it,  **  Hes- 
perus "  or  **  Evening  Star  *' ;  and  the  blue 
star  of  evening  he  makes  **  Phosphorus  " 
or  the  "  Momm^  Star." 

Onc«  more,  in  Oareth  and  Lynette 
the  poet-laureate  makes  the  combat  be- 
tween Gareth  and  Death  finished  at  a 
single  blow,  but  in  the  History  Qax«th 
ti^ts  from  dawn  to  dewy  ere. 


ThiatlMrliMShttAomMraHMltin  tt  wm 
Mid  would  not  stint.  tOl  at  last  both  lacked 'wind, 
then  stood  tbcy  waocins.  staaarinc.  pantli^  blowinK, 
.  anawben  tberhaa  I 


and  Meedlng 


ttiexhad  rated  themawtille. 


thejr  went  to  battle  acaia,  traMng,  rasins.  and  foynlM.  aa 
two  boan.  .  .  Thus  they  enduied  tU)  rrenlas-aoag  ai& 
-SlrT.  Maloiy.  Bitlorg  t,f  ^Hnte  Artkur,  L  IM. 

In  the  Last  Tournament  Tennjrson 
makes  sir  Tristram  stabbed  to  death  by 
sir  Blark  in  Tinta^il  Castle,  Cornwall, 
while  toying  Vith  his  aunt,  Isolt  the  Fair , 
bat  in  uie  History  he  is  in  bed  in  Brit- 
tany, severely  wounded,  and  dies  of  a 
shock,  because  his  wife  tells  him  the  ship 
in  wluch  he  expected  his  aunt  to  come 
was  sailing  into  port  with  a  black  sail 
instead  of  a  white  one. 

The  poet-laureate  has  deviated  so  often 
from  the  collection  of  tales  edited  by  sir 
Thomas  Maloiy,  that  it  would  occupy  too 
much  space  to  point  out  his  deviatioiu 
even  in  the  briefest  manner. 

Thagkbrat,  in  Vanity  Fair,  has  taken 
from  sir  Walter  Scott  his  allusion  to 
Bedroddin,  and  not  from  the  Arabian 
Nights.  He  has,  therefore,  fallen  into  the 
same  error,  and  added  two  more.  He 
says :  **  I  ought  to  have  remembered  tiie 
pepper  which  the  princess  of  Persia  puts 
into  the  cream-tarts  in  India,  sir'*  (ch. 
iii.).  The  charge  was  that  Bedreddin 
made  his  oh0ese~caM.es  without  putting 
pepper  into  them.  But  Thackeray  has 
committed  in  this  allusion  other  blunders. 
It  was  not  a  **  princess  "  at  all,  but  Bc^d- 
reddrin  Hassan,  who  for  the  nonce  had 
become  a  confectioner.  He  learned  the  art 
of  making  cheese-cakes  from  his  mother 
(a  widow).  Again,  it  was  not  a  **  princess 
of  Persia,"  for  JBedrcddin's  mother  was  the 
widow  of  the  vizier  of  Balsora,  at  that 
time  quite  independent  of  Persia. 

Victor  Hugo,  in  Les  DravcuUeurt  de 
la  Mer,  renders  "the  frith  of  Forth** 
by  the  phrase  Premier  dte  quatre^  mia- 
taking  >*  frith  '*  for  firtt,  and  "  Forth  ** 
tot  fourth  or  four. 

In  his  Marie  Tudor  he  refers  to  the 
"  History  and  Annals  of  Henry  VIL  par 
Franc  Baronum^'*  meaning  **  Jnstoriouetc.^ 
Henrid  Septimt,  per  Franciscum  Baco- 
num.** 

ViROiL  has  placed  JEnCas  in  a  harbour 
which  did  not  exist  at  the  time.  **  Por- 
tnsque  require  Yelinos  **  (JBneid^  vi. 
866).  It  was  (^rius  Dentfttus  who  cut  a 
gorge  through  the  rocks  to  let  the  waters 
of  the  Yellnus  into  the  Nar.  Before  this 
was  done,  the  Velinus  was  merely  a 
number  of  stagnant  lakes^  and  the 
blimder  is  about  the  same  as  if  a  modem 
poet  were  to  make  Columbos  pass  through 
the  Sues  CanaL 


ESBUA. 


807 


ESGALUS. 


In  JBneidj  iii.  171,  Yiigil  makes  iEneas 
■peak  of  "Aasonia;"  but  as  Italy  was 
so  called  from  Anson,  son  of  Ulysses  and 
Calypso,  of  course  .£nea8  coold  not  have 
known  the  name. 

A^ain,  in  .^neid,  ix.  571,  he  repre- 
sents Cboruuras  as  dain  by  Asylas ;  but 
in  bk.  xiL  298  he  is  alive  again.    Thus : 

Bk.ls.071. 

•baim 
playunqiM  fanott 

Bk.  xiL  ssei  ••& 

Again,  in  bk.  ix.  Nnma  is  shun  by 
Kimis  (Ycr.  b54) ;  bat  in  bk.  x.  562  Noma 
is  attrc,  and  .£net8  kills  him. 

Once  more,  in  bk.  x.  iEneas  slays 
Guiertds  (rer.  562)  ;  but  in  bk.  xii.  224 
Jatama,  the  sister  of  Tumus,  assumes 
his  shape.  But  if  he  was  dead,  no  one 
woald  hare  been  deluded  into  supposing 
the  figure  to  be  the  living  man. 

*«*  Of  course,  erery  intelligent  reader 
will  be  able  to  add  to  this  list;  but  no 
BKwe  space  can  be  allowed  for  the  subject 
in  this  dictaooaiy. 

BrYoa  ("i*e  ««*.«9»"),  a  young 
mrn  whose  wit  defeated  the  strength  of  the 
giant  Taitaro  (a  sort  of  one-eyed  Pol^« 
DhoM).  llias  the  first  competition  was  in 
throwing  a  stone.  The  giant  threw  his 
stone,  bat  Errua  threw  a  bird,  which  the 
giant  supposed  to  be  a  stone,  and  as  it 
fiew  out  of  sight,  Errua  won  the  wager. 
The  next  wager  was  to  throws  bar  of  iron. 
After  the  giant  had  thrown,  Errua  said, 
**  From  here  to  Salamanca ; "  whereupon 
the  giani  bade  him  not  to  throw,  lest  the 
bar  of  iron  should  kill  his  faUier  and 
■Mktfacr,  who  lived  there;  so  the  giant  lost 
the  second  wager.  The  third  was  to  pull 
a  tree  ap  by  the  roots ;  and  the  giant  gave 
ia  becanse  Krrua  had  run  a  cord  round  a 
host  of  trees,  and  said,  "Ton  pull  up  one, 
but  I  p«dl  up  all  these.**  The  next  ex- 
ploit was  at  bed-time:  Errua  was  to 
Bleep  in  a  certain  ted ;  but  he  placed  a 
dead  man  in  the  bed,  while  he  himself 
got  vxftdcr  it.  At  midnight  Tartaro  took 
k»  dnband  belaboured  the  dead  body  most 
«a»effcifiilly.  When  Errua  stood  before 
Tartaio  next  morning,  the  giant  was 
damfoondered.  lie  asked  Errua  how  he 
had  slept.  <*£xcellenUy  well,"  said 
Erroa,  "but  somewhat  troubled  by 
fieas.**  Other  trials  were  made,  but 
always  in  favour  of  Errua.  At  length  a 
nee  was  propoeed,  and  Errua  sewed  into 
A  hag  the  bowels  of   a  pig.    When  he* 


started,  he  cut  the  bag,  strewing  tiie 
bowels  on  the  road.  When  Tartaro  was 
told  that  hift  rival  had  done  this  to  make 
himself  more  fleet,  be  cut  his  bell3r.  and 
of  course  killed  himself. — Rev.  W.  Web- 
ster, ^ox^u^  Legends  (1877). 

(The  reader  will  readily  trace  the  re- 
semblance between  this  legend  and  the 
exploits  of  Jack  the  GiatU-kUler,  See 
also  Campbell's  Popular  Tales  of  the  West 
Ifighlandsj  ii.  827,  and  Grimm's  Valiant 
Little  Tador,) 

Srse  (1  8vl.)f  the  native  language  of 
the  West  Highlanders  of  ScotUnd. 
Gaelic  is  a  better  word. 

%*  Erse  is  a  corruption  of  Irish,  from 
the  supposition  that  these  Highlanders 
were  a  colony  from  Ireland ;  but  whether 
the  Irish  came  from  Scotland  or  the 
Scotch  from  Ireland,  is  one  ef  theme 
knotty  points  on  which  the  two  nations 
will  never  agree.    (See  Fib-bolo.) 

Ersldne  {The  Rev,  Dr.),  minister  of 
Greyfriars*  Church,  Edinburrfi.-^ir  W. 
Scott,  Quy  Mannering  (time,  George  II.). 

Br'tanax,  a  fish  oompion  in  the 
Euphrat^.  The  bones  of  this  fish  impart 
courage  and  strength. 

A  flitb  .  .  .  hMiotMh  Um  flood  of  Bufrat4«  ...  a  Is 
tMlWd  M  ortMMX.  and  hb  bon«  be  oT  aueh  u  iiHUui«r  of 
kind  llMt  wboto  baiKlleCh  UMm  be  ehaU  have  eo  nuch 
conraas  Uwt  be  A»a  nerer  be  weary,  and  be  diafl  not 
tidok  oo  J07  nor  torrov  UhU  be  baUi  bad.  bat  only  on 
the  thins  be  beholdeth   befoie  btan.-SIr  T.   MalorT. 

Erudite  (Most),  Marcus  Terentius 
Yarro  is  called  "  the  most  erudite  of  the 
Romans'*  (b.c.  116-27). 

Erythrea'an  Main  (The),  the  Bed 

Sea.    The  *'  Erythrsum  Mard*'  included 

the  whole  expanse  of  sea  between  Arabia 

and  Africa,  including  the  Red  Sea  and  the 

Persian  Gulf. 

Tbe  raddjr  vrntei  be  deft  in  twain 
Of  the  bTtbnoan  niain. 

MOtoQ.  AalM  euzvl.  (UW). 


Er'ythire,  Modesty  personified,  the 
virgin  page  of  Parthen'ia  or  maiden 
chastity,  in  The  Purple  Island,  by  Phineas 
Fletcher  (1633).  FuUy  described  in 
canto  X.  (Greek,  cruthros,  '*  red,*'  from 
enUkriao,  *«  to  blush.**) 

SryBiohthon[^rrt:si%'.Moi»],agrand- 
son  of  Nejituncj  who  was  punished  by 
Cerds  with  insatiable  hunger,  for  cutting 
down  some  trees  in  a  grove  sacred  to  that 
goddess.    (See  Erisichthon.) 

Ee'caliu,  an  ancient,  kind-hearted 
lord  in  the  deputation  of  the  duke  of 
Vienna. — Shakespeare,  Meamnre  for  Mta» 
(Km). 


B8CALUS. 


ESTHSR  HAWDON. 


F^calus,  prince  of  Vero'na. — Shake- 
speare, Eonufo  and  Juliet  (1598). 

Bs'canes  (8  «•//.))  ^^^  ^^  ^^  lords  of 
Tyre. — Shakespeare,  Periclee  Prince  of 
Tyre  (1608). 

XSsoobar  {Jfons,  Z*),  the  French  name 

for  a  fox,  so  called  from  M.  E«cobar  the 

probabilist,  whence  also  the  verb  esco- 

harder^  "to  play  the  fox,"  "to  play  fast 

and  loose.** 

The  Fren^  bare  »  capital  name  far  the  fix.  nenwiy, 
M.  L'EKobar.  which  may  be  trandatcd  the  "■huffler,'*  or 
nire  tn^  "il/  bouts."— r*«  DmUg  Jfmm,  Matoh  SS^ 
1878. 

ISscotillo  (t>.  lUtle  Michael  SooU)^ 
considered  by  the  common  people  as  a 
ma^cian,  because  he  possesseid  more 
knowledge  of  natural  and  experimental 
philosoi^y  than  hb  contemporaries. 

Bs'dale  {Mr.),  a  sprgeoa  at  Madras. 
*-Sir  W.  Scott,  rite  tSt^eeti*e  Daughter 
(time,  Geoi^  II.). 

Boil  or  Iftsal,  rineintr.  John  Skel- 
toB,  referring  to  the  Crucifixion,  when  the 
soldieiB  gave  Christ  "vinegar  mingled 
with  gall,*'  sayi : 

Christ  by  entekle  Was  aarled  t*  n  tree  .  .  . 
He  draiUM  sissl  aiid  vdl.  To  redcsne  t«  vithaL 

Coiyn  Vkmt  ^tW  Ueniy  Vtll). 

Ss'in^,  the  kings  of  Kent  So  called 
from  Eisc,  the  father  of  Hengist,  as  the 
TuRcans  receive  their  name  from  Tus> 
cus,  the  Romans  from  Komulus,  the  Ce- 
crop'idie  from  Cscrops,  the  Britons  from 
Bninu,  and  soon. — Ethelwerd,  Chrcn,^  ii. 

SSsmeralda,  a  beautiful  gipey-girli 
who,  with  tambourine  and  goat,  dances 
in  the  piace  before  Notre  Dame  de  Paris, 
and  is  looked  on  as  a  witch.  Qassimodo 
conceals  her  for  a  time  in  the  church,  but 
after  various  adventures  she  is  gibbeted. 
— Victor  Hugo,  Notre  Dame  de  Parie 

lasmond  (ffenrj/)f  a  chivalrous  cava- 
lier in  the  reign  m  queen  Anne  ;  the 
hero  of  Thackeray's  novel  called  Esmond 
(1852). 

Eeplazi'dlan,  son  of  Am'adis  and 
Oria'na.  Montalvo  has  made  him  the 
subject  of  a  fiftii  book  to  the  four  original 
books  of  Amadis  of  Oaul  (1460). 

Ibe  dssoriptlon  of  the  most  farioos  batUes.  carried  oa 
vlth  all  the  bloody -luUidedneai  of  an  Bsplaiidlaii  or  • 
BahadU  [Ben  Jonaon,  Kwer^  Mam  in  Mk  Mwmoftr^ 
—JSnegt.  BHt..  Alt.  "  Boauutee." 

Bspriella  (Manuel  Alvarez),  the 
apocryphal  name  of  Robert  Southev. 
Tiie  poet-laureate  pretends  that  certain 
"  letters  from  England,**  written  by  this 
S|Maiiajrd^  were  translated  by  lun*  from  the 
original  Spanish  (three  vols.,  Id07)« 


ISssex  (7%e  earl  of),  a  tragedr  by 
Heniy  Jones  (1745).  Lord  Bnrwigk  mm 
sir  Walter  Raleigh  entertained  a  mortai 
hatred  to  the  eari  of  Essex,  and  aocnaed 
him  to  the  queen  of  treason.  Elisabetli 
disbelieved  the  du^ge ;  bat  at  this  j  one- 
tare  the  earl  left  Ireland,  whither  the 
queen  had  sent  him,  and  presented  him- 
self before  her.  She  was  very  angry,  and 
struck  him,  and  Essex  rushed  into  open 
rebellion,  was  taken,  and  condemned  to 
death.  The  oneen  had  ^ven  him  a  rin^ 
before  the  trial,  telling  him  whatever  peti- 
tion he  asked  should  be  granted,  if  he 
sent  to  her  this  ring.  When  the  time  of 
execution  drew  nigh,  the  queen  sent  tiae 
countess  of  Nottingham  to  the  Tower,  to 
ask  Essex  if  he  had  any  pica  to  niaket  and 
the  earl  entreated  her  to  present  the  rin^ 
to  her  majesty,  and  petition  her  to  apjuv 
the  life  ox  his  friend  Southampton.  The 
countess  purposely  neglected  tLis  chai^ge, 
and  Essex  was  execut«L  The  qoeen.  it  m 
true,  sent  a  reprieve,  but  lord  Burleigh 
took  care  it  should  arrive  too  late.  The 
poet  says  that  Essex  had  recently  married 
the  countess  of  Rutland,  that  both  the 
queen  and  the  countess  of  Nottingluun 
were  jealous,  and  that  this  iealonsy  was 
the  cmef  cause  of  the  oarVs  death. 

The  abb^  Boyer,  La  Calprenbde,  and 
Th.  Coneille  have  tragedies  on  the  same 
sabject. 

Essex  (The  earl  of)^  lord  high  con- 
stable of  England,  introdaced  by  sir  W. 
Scott  in  his  novel  called  Ivanhoe  (time, 
Richard  I.)* 

Estella,  a  haagh^  beauty,  adopted 
by  Miss  Havisham.  she  was  aflkuioed 
by  her  wish  to  Pip,  but  married  Bentley 
Drummle.— C.  Dickens,  Qrcai  jgiysctta* 
tioHS  (1860). 

Sstlier,  housekeeper  to  Muhldenan, 
minister  of  Marienaorpt.  She  loves 
Hans,  a  servant  to  the  minister,  but 
Hans  is  shy,  and  Esther  has  to  teach  him 
how  to  woo  and  win  her.  Esther  and 
Hans  are  similar  to  Helen  and  Modos, 
only  in  a  lower  social  grade. — S.  Knowles, 
The  Maid  of  Mariendorpt  (1838). 

Bather  Hawdon,  better  known 
through  the  taie  as  Esther  Summeraon. 
natoral  daughter  of  captain  Hawdon  and 
lady  Dodlock  (before  ner  marriage  with 
sir  Leicester  Dediock).  Esitier  is  a  moet 
lovable,  gentle  creature,  called  by  thoee 
who  know  her  and  love  her,  "Daane 
Durden*'  or  «I>a«e  Trot.**  She  is  the 
heroine   of  tht   tale,   and  e  imrd    ia 


SSTIFANIA. 


909 


ETHIOPIANS. 


^^-— -  ^  -  fivwitoally  ahe  marries  Allan 
Woedoovrt,  a  nugeoB.— C  Dickens, 
Bimk  Motue  (1852).  ' 

^Ssti&'nia,  an  intrigning  woman, 
•wvant  of  dooaa  Maisaritta  the  Spanish 
hjireas.  She  palms  herself  off  on  don 
MKhael  P««  (the  eopper  captain)  as  an 
heiress,  and  the  mistress  of  Maigaritta's 
^aalon.  The  captain  marries  her,  and 
ands  ont  that  all  her  swans  are  only 
geese. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  EuU  a 
^/r  and  Haw  a  Wife  (1640). 


mmkmnemf 


la   —nm  <b8w'  In 

DoO  OoBnoon''  [n«  xMcmM. 


a  nickname  given 

teGmpe  of  Denmark  (queen  Anne's 
hMbaiid),  beeaoM  his  general  remark  to 
tte  most  startling  announcement  was 
eaUponSbUf  WiOithisexdamationhe 
cacha»led  tha  Tials  of  his  wrath.  It  was 
James  n.  who  gave  him  the  sobriquet. 

Ssfmere  (2  «sf/.),  king  of  England. 
He  went  witk  his  joumser  brother  Adler 
t»  tiie  conit  of  kiug  Adlands,  to  crave  his 
daughter  is  marriage  {  but  king  Adlands 
lepued  that  Bzemor,  the  sowdaa  or  sultan 
of  SpaiB,  had  forestolled  him.   However, 
the  lady,  being  eonsulted,  gave  her  voice 
IB  favoar  of  the  king  of  EngUmd.   While 
Sstmen  and  his  brother  went  to  make 
pRpaaations  for  the  wedding,  the  **  sow- 
dan  ^  Afrivedf  and  demanded  the  lady  to 
wifie.    A  messenger  was  immediately  de- 
spatched to  inform  Estmere,  and  the  two 
brothers  returned,  disguised  as  a  harper 
tmdkia  boy.    They  g^ned  entrance  into 
the    palace,    and    Adler   sang,    saying, 
**  O  udye,  tids  is  thy  owne  true  love ; 
■o  harper,  but  a  king;**  and  then  drawing 
his  swtud  he  slew  the  "sowdan,**  Est- 
■kere  at  the  same  time  cha^ng  from  the 
hall  the  '*  kempery  men.''    Being  now 
■aster  of   the   poeitioB.   Estmere  took 
^  the  ladve  fsire,^  made  her  his  wife,  and 
broBf^  her  home  to  England^— Percy, 

IUnqU€9^  I«  1.  O. 


Sstof  iland,  a  vast  tract  of  knd  in 
ibc  Doith  of  America.  Said  to  have  been 
tiaeovered  by  John  Scalvd,  a  Pole,  in 


Am  enspeww  of 
e    is 


Fton  eoM  iMotflaiid. 

MlIliMi.  Puradim  LoO,  z.  6BS(1«8B). 

or  SUrtrecL  daughter  of 

Germany.    She  was  taken 

by    Locrin    (king   of 

wheB  wbe  became  this  mother 


^^'.^Sabrin  or  Sabne.  Gwendolen,  the 
wife  of  Locrin,  feeling  insulted  by  this 
haison,  slew  her  husband,  and  had 
iistnldis  and  her  daughter  thrown  into  a 
nver,  since  called  the  Sabri'na  or  Severn. 
—Geoffrey,  British  History,  ii.  2,  etc. 

TMr  «Mi  «M«  dhnhwl  Into  Uiat  antal  strnm. 
TiMir  carls  to  coded  wavoL  '^""™*^ 

t>nV^Bm,  r^ifoMoH,  ft  (1813). 

^'9SJS?  *^^  Polyni'cjes,  the  tw# 
aona  of  CE'dipos.  After  the  expulsion  of 
their  father^  these  two  young  princes 
jpreed  to  rcign  alternate  years  m  "ftiebeB. 
fcteoclfis,  being  the  elder,  took  the  flnit 
turn,  but  at  the  close  of  the  year  refused 
to  resign  the  sceptre  to  his  brother; 
whereupon  Polynices,  aided  by  six  other 
Jhiefs,  laid  siege  to  the  city.  Tlie  two 
brothers  met  in  combat,  and  each  was 
slain  by  the  other's  hand. 

X  ,1*!-4  •»«"**'  fiatricidal  struggle  is 
told  of  don  Pedro  of  Castile  and  his  half- 
brother  don  Henry.  When  don  Pedro 
had  estranged  the.  CastUiaas  by  hU 
cruelty,  doa  Henry  invaded  Castile  with 
a  body  of  French  auxiliaries,  and  took 
his  brother  prisoner.  Don  Henry  visited 
him  in  prison,  and  the  two  brothen  fell 
on  each  other  like  lions.  Henry  wounded 
Pwiro  m  the  face,  but  fell  over  a  bench, 
when  Pedro  seized  him.  At  that  moment 
a  Frenchman  seized  Pedro  by  the  leg, 
tossed  him  over,  and  Henry  slew  him.-- 
Menard,  I/istory  of  Du  QwfKiin. 

(This  is  the  subject  of  oae  <rf  Lock- 
hart's  Spanish  ballads.) 

Eth'elbert,  king  of  Kent,  and  the 
first  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  kings  who  was 
a  Christian.  He  persuaded  Gregory  to 
send  over  Augustine  to  convert  the  Eng- 
lish to  "the  true  faith"  (696),  and  buSt 
St.  Paul's^  London.— Ethelwerd's  Ckro- 
nictef  ii, 

good  KtMbcft  of.Kapt.  tnt  efariatenwl  En^Mi  Ung. 

J1»  Aujjrtta.  tto  monk,  ftooi  holy  OMsory  tent .  T  . 
BM  miSUjr  Cmm  to  fiMdln  London  did  OTMC 

Dngrton.  Potgalbton,  xL  (1813). 

Eth'erington  (7U  lots  sari  of), 
father  of  Tyrrel  and  Bulmer. 

The  titular  sari  of  Ethsrtm/toH^  his  see- 
cessor  to  the  title  and  estates. 

Maris  de  Martigny  {La  comtesse),  wife 
of  the  titular  earl  of  Etherington.— Sir 
W.  Scott,  St,  £onan'9  Well  (time. 
George  III.).  ^        ' 

Sthiopians,  the  same  as  Abas- 
sinians.  The  Arabians  call  these  people 
£l-habasen  or  Al-habasen,  whence  our 
Abaeeins,  but  thev  call  themselves  Ithie- 


ETHIOPIAN  WOOD. 


810 


EUCHARI8. 


mans  or  Ethiopians. — Selden,    Titlsa  of 
nonoWf  vi.  64. 


tlM, 

Milton.  ^Mratfte  IMC  It.  180  anB). 

Ethio'pian  Wood,  ebonj. 

Tb*  mUi  wers  mMh  of  Idiloplu  wood. 


Hio  poHahed  obonjr. 
air  W.  DayaoADt.  ffmOTw*,  S.  6  (died  IflR). 

Bthiop's  Queen,  referred  to  by 
Milton  in  his  //  renseroso^  was  Cassiope'a, 
wife  of  Ce'pheus  (2  sijU)  king  of  Ethio- 
pia. Boasting  that  she  was  fairer  than 
the  sea-nymphs,  she  offended  the  Nereids, 
who  complained  to  Neptune.  Old  father 
Earth-Shaker  sent  a  huge  sea-monster  to 
ravage  her  kingdom  for  her  insolence. 
At  death  Cassiopil^a  was  made  a  constella- 
tion of  thirteen  stars. 

.  .  .  that  itaiTMlBthlopqMeatlMl  straw 
To  Ht  bflr  bautjr^  prniie  wore 
Tbe  MA-nymplui,  and  their  powcnolfended. 

MOton.  n  Pvnmnmf,  IS  (UUi. 

Ethnic  Plot.  The  "Popish  Plot"  is 
00  called  in  Dryden's  satire  of  Abaahm 
and  AchUophd,  As  Dryden  calls  the 
royalists  "Jews.**  and  calls  Charles  II. 
"  David  king  of  the  Jews/*  the  papists 
were  "  Gentiles  **  (or  Eihnoi),  whence  the 
"Ethnic  Plot**  means  the  plot  of  the 
Ethnoi  against  the  people  of  Uod. — Pt.  i. 
(1681). 

Etiquette  {Madame\  the  dachesse 
de  Noaillcs,  grand-mistress  of  the  cere- 
monies in  the  court  of  Marie  Antoinette ; 
BO  called  from  her  rigid  enforcement  of 
all  the  formalities  and  ceremonies  of  the 
ancien  r€gimi$, 

Et'na.  Zens  buried  under  this  moun- 
tain Eokel'ados,  one  of  the  hundred- 
handed  giants. 

n«  wlMle  land  vei^bed  hlin  down.  H  ItM  dow 
Ike  giant  of  nqrtholoffjr. 

Ttanjnon.  rft«0eMen; 


Etteilla,  the  pseudonym  of  Alliette 
(spelt  backwards),  a  perruquier  and 
diviner  of  the  eighteenth  century.  He 
became  a  professed  cabalist,  and  was 
visited  in  nis  studio  in  the  Hdtel  de 
Crillon  (Rue  de  la  Verrerie),  by  all  tiiose 
who  desired  to  unroll  the  Book  of  Fate. 
In  1783  he  published  Manih-e  de  ae 
B€cr€er  avec  U  Jm  de  Cartes^  nomnufes 
Tarots,  In  the  British  Museum  are  some 
divination  cards  published  in  Paris  in  the 
first  half  of  the  nmeteenth  century,  called 
Grand  Etteiila  and  Petit  Etteilla,  each 
pack  being  accompanied  with  a  book  of 
explication  and  instruction. 

Etteroap,  an  ill-tempered  person,  who 


mars  sociability.  The  ettercap  is  the 
poison-spider,  and  should  be  spelt 
"  Attercop.**  (Anglo-Saxon,  atter^oop, 
**  poison-spider.**) 


I  ricdlitavuee  eoBn 
Ai  twist  wee  Win  and  Tnnt 
Hie  ane't  a  perfect 
Tbe  itbflc's  Jot  a  bunbw 


Ettrick  Shepherd  {The),  James 
Hogg,  the  Scotch  poet,  who  was  bom  in 
the  iowBt  of  Ettrick.  in  Selkirkshire,  and 
was  in  early  life  a  shepherd  (1772-18S5). 

Etty'8    Nine     Pietures,    "  th« 

Gombii^**  the  three  "Judith**  pictures, 
"Benaiah,**  "Ulysses  and  the  Syrena,*^ 
and  the  three  pictures  of  "  Joan  of  Arc** 


'Tha 


"Mr  aim.'  mya  ttty.  "In  aU  m^ 
been  to  paint  some  mat  moral  on  tbe 
Oboibnt*  repremnii  M«  bmmta  «f  m$t% 
'Judith'  pietnrai,  pmtHoti$m  [I,  att/4mart»m  fO^i 
t.  t^dmotton  to  mnn;  S.  $tif  dtvotton  t»  cMMrtnr): 
'Benaiah.  DavfcTe  chief  oapUbi.*  lepiemnli  wmMomrj 
'Ulyvaaand  tbe  %rnm^'  $tmtmat  dtUfkitot  tfm  mtfmt 
ofttnU  <l«a<A ;  and  tbe  three  pleCares  of 'Joan  of  Are* 
depict  rw%ieM.  tOffoUp,  and  pmtHotUim.  In  all.  nine  hi 
nambor.  at  it  wae  my  derire  to  paint  three  times  thraa." 
—William  Bitjr.  of  York  (1787-1S49). 

Et'ael  or  Es'sel  (ue,  AttOa),  king  of 
the  Iluns,  in  the  songs  of  the  German 
minnesingers.  A  ruler  over  three  king- 
doms and  thirty  principalities.  His  second 
wife  was  Kriemnild,  the  widow  of  Siec:- 
fried.  In  pt.  ii.  of  the  Nid^lwtgen  Iam^ 
he  sees  his  sons  and  liegemen  stiuck  down 
without  making  the  least  efiPort  to  save 
them,  and  is  as  unlike  the  Attila  of  history 
as  a  "hector**  is  to  the  noble  Trojan  "tlM 
protector  of  mankind.** 

Eubo'nia»  Isle  of  Man. 

He  reicned  over  Britain  and  Us  three  idhrndk—Heaaia^ 
Bitton/ ^  th«  BrUtm. 

rrhe  three  islands  are  Isle  of  Wight, 
Eubonia,  and  Orkney.) 

Eu'oharis,  one  of  the  nymphs  of 
Oalypso,  with  whom  Telenuushos  was 
deeply  smitten.  Mentor,  knowing  hit 
love  was  sensual  love,  hurried  him  awar 
from  the  island.  He  afterwards  feu 
in  love  with  Anti'opd,  and  Mentor  ap- 
proved his  choice. — F^nelon,  T^^auaque^ 
vii.  (1700). 

He  [I^Mi/]  bnded  he  bad  foond  hi  Virginia  the  wbdom 
of  Antlop6,  with  tbe  mbfoctanM  and  tbe  tendemeai  oC 
Eoeharb.— Oemardln  de  81.  Plem^  Paml  wmI  rirgimim 

(1788J. 

(Eucharis  is  meant  for  Mdlle.  de  Fon- 
tange,  maid  of  honour  to  Mde.  do 
Montespan.  For  a  few  months  she  was 
a  favourite  with  Louis  XIV.,  but  losiuff 
her  good  looks  she  was  diacarded,  and 
died  at  the  ajge  of  20.  She  used  to  dreas 
her  hair  with   streaming   libbonsi  and 


EDCLIO. 


311 


EUPHRASIA. 


fhb  itjle  of  hcAd-gear  wms  called 
i  Im  Famiang^,) 


I'dio,  a   pennzioiis   old  himka.~ 


■•  ■•  y<M  «  m  M  fadlo  dow  ftapbyl*.— Sir  W. 


(3  gyL)i  the  milleri  and 
of  the  ardions  of  Athens.  A 
rimffling  fdlow,  alwajs  evading  hia  duty 
and  bnaking  hia  promifle;  nance  the 
Latin  pforerb: 

Budo'da  (4  mtX  daughter  of 
Eo'maiSa  goreniorof  DamascoB.  Pho'* 
cysK,  general  of  the  Syrian  forces,  heing 
in  lore  with  her,  asks  the  consent  ot 
RaiBfiiftt,  and  is  refused.  In  reven|^  he 
ms  over  to  the  Arabs,  who  are  besie^ng 
UnBaacvs.  Eadoda  is  taken  captive, 
baft  rtfuato  to  wed  a  traitor.  At  the  end, 
Fbo^cyas  dies,  and  Endocia  retires  into  a 
r.— John  Hughes,  The  Siege  of 
(1720). 


Sndoii (CranO  o^ Cantabria.  Aharon 
brouiable  to  the  Moors,  "too  weak- 
minded  to  be  independent.**  When  the 
Spaniaids  roee  up  against  the  Moors,  the 
€nt  order  of  the  Moorish  chief  was  this : 
**  Strike  off  count  £udon*8  head ;  the  fear 
vhieh  bron^t  him  to  our  camp  will  bring 
htm  else  in  arms  against  us  now**  (ch. 
zxT.). — Sontfaey,  Modcriok,  etc.,  xiiL 
(1814). 

Sudox'ia*  wife  of  the  emperor 
Ian.  Petro'nius  Max'imns  **  poi- 
the  emperor,   and  the   empress 

killed  Maximns. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher, 

Talenimian  (1617). 

Soge'nia*  caUed  " Silence**  and  the 
''Unknown.**  She  was  wife  of  count  de 
Talmont,  and  mother  of  Florian,  "the 
fmmdling  of  the  forest.**  In  order  to 
into  the  property,  baron  Longueville 
every  endeavour  to  kill  Eugenia  and 
Florian,  Imt  all  his  attempts  were  abortive, 
■ad  his  villainy  at  le^[tli  was  brought  to 
^bt.— W.  Dimond,  Tke  F<mndlmg  of  the 

Bll00ilio»  a  young  gentleman  who 
tanedVoat-lierd,  because  Leandra  jilted 
him  and  eloped  with  a  heartless  adven- 


r,  namea  Vincent  de  la  Rosa. — Cer- 
vantes, Dcm  Quixote^  I.  iv.  20  ("The 
Goai-hefd*s  Story,**  1605). 

Suge'iiiaB,  the  friend  and  wise  coun- 
of  Toriek.    John  Hall  Stevenson 


was   the   original  of   this   character^^-* 
Sterne,  Trutram  Shandy  (1769). 

Sahe'meTOB,  a  Sicilian  Greek,  who 
wrote  a  Sacred  History  to  explain  the 
historical  or  all^orical  character  of  the 
Greek  and  Latin  mythologies. 

On*  eooU  wfah  lubaiiarai  hud  new  tmtm  bora.  It 
wm  he  who  spoOt  [tk«  old  wurflUJ  tuL-OMk,  AHadmi, 

%•  Mm 

Eulenspiegel  (7y/0i  «^'«  "Tyll 
Owlglass,**  of  Brunswick.  A  man  trio 
runs  through  the  world  as  charlatan,  fool, 
lansquenet^  domestic  servant,  artist,  and 
Jack-of-all-trades.  He  undertakes  anv- 
thinr,  but  rejoices  in  cheating  those  who 
employ  him ;  he  parodies  proverbs,  re- 
joices'in  mischief,  and  is  brimful  of 
pranks  and  drolleries.  Whether  Enlen- 
spiegel  was  a  real  character  or  not  is  a 
matter  of  diq>ute,  but  by  many  the  au- 
thorship of  the  book  recording  his  jokes 
is  attributed  to  the  famous  German  sat- 
irist, Thomas  Mumer. 

In  the  English  versions  of  the  story  he 

is  called  Hovle-gla—, 

To  km  mortab  h«  it  been  mnted  to  flora  neb  o  pbMO 
In  onhmwl  hiilorx  m  TVS  Rolenspleflel.  Now.  after  flv« 
eenturiea,  bk  nadve  vUtMi  b  pofaited  oat  wlUi  prMo  to 
tho  traTcOor.— tiorlylo. 

StunflBOS  (in  Latin,  J^umcsus),  the 
slave  and  swine-herd  of  Ulysses,  hence 
any  swine-herd. 

Sa'xnenes  (8  9yl>)y  governor  of 
Damascus,  and  &ther  of  Eudo'cia. — 
John  Hugnes,  Siege  of  Damaacue  (1720). 

Bnmnes'tes,    Memory    personified. 

Spenser  says  he  is  an  old  man,  decrepit 

and  half  blind.  He  was  waited  on  by  a  boy 

named  Anamnestds.     (Greek,  eumnestie^ 

"good memory,'* anomn^stis,  "research,**; 

-^Faery  Queen,  it  9  (1590). 

Ho  rnHMwIitraigbt  eommf to  them  to  blfl  tnoHBT 
Whfcfa  old  gBinnwtci  koep^  ftubor  of  momoty— 
BumiMrtfli  old,  who  In  hli  tiring  Kreon 
(Hb  UrfaiK  brwrt)  tho  roDt  and  reeonb  bflon 
or  an  the  doedi  and  man  which  b«  bath  Mfln. 
And  kaem  lodud  op  In  faithful  ragbtcn. 

Phlnoas  FMchor,  Tkt  Fmrpt*  IdamA.  vL  (IflSS^ 

Su'noe  (8  8ifl,),  a  river  of  purgatory, 
a  draught  of  which  makes  the  mind  recall 
all  the  ^ood  deeds  and  good  ufBces  of 
life.  It  18  a  little  beyond  Lethe  or  the 
river  ot  forgctf  ulness. 

Lo  I  where  Bonoo  flowi. 
lead  thither;  and.  aa  thoa  art  wont,  rartTO 
Bb  lUntlng  Tirtnai 

Dwit*.  Pm^tUonf,  tMsUL  {Ottt, 

Suphra'sla,  daughter  of  lord  Diooi 
a  character  resembling  "Viola"  in  Shake- 
speare's Twelfth  Night,  Being  in  lov« 
with  prince  Riilaster,  she  assumes  boy's 
attire,  calls  herself  "  Bellario,"  and  cnltn 


EUPHRASIA. 


813 


EURYDICE. 


Ae  princess  service.  Philaster  transfers 
B^lario  to  the  princess  Arethusa,  and 
then  grows  jealous  of  the  lady's  love  for 
her  tender  page.  The  sex  of  Bellario 
being  discovered,  shows  the  groundless- 
ness of  this  jealousy. — Beanmont  and 
Fletcher,  PJukuter  or  Xom  Li$$  a4>le€dmg 
(160S>. 

Euphra'aia,  "the  Grecian  daughter,** 
was  daughter  of  Erander,  the  old  king  of 
Syracuse  (dethroned  by  Dionvsins,  and 
kept  prisoner  in  a  dungeon  on  tbe  summit 
of  a  rock).  She  was  the  wife  of  Phodon, 
who  had  fled  from  Syracuse  to  save  their 
infant  son.  Eui^rasia,  having  gained 
admission  to  the  dungeon  where  ner  aged 
father  was  d^ing  from  starvation, 
<*  fostered  him  at  her  breast  by  the  milk 
designed  for  hex  own  babe,  and  thus  the 
father  found  a  parent  in  the  child.'* 
Wlien  Timoleon  took  Syracuse,  Dionysius 
was  about  to  stab  Evander,  but  Eu- 
phrasia, rushing  forward,  struck  the 
tyrant  dead  upon  the  spot. — A.  Murphy, 
The  Grecian  Daughter  (1772), 

*«*  The  same  tale  is  told  of  Xantippd, 
who  preserved  the  life  of  her  father 
Cimo'nos  in  prison.  The  guard,  astonished 
that  the  old  man  held  out  so  long,  set  a 
wateh  and  discovered  the  secret. 

Tbon  is  •  dangBOd.  In  vbOM  din  dnar  IMM 

What  do  I  gus  oo  ?  .  .  . 

An  oM  uMi,  mnd  •  famato  young  and  (Ur, 

Piwh  M  •  naniD(  nM>lb«r,  bi  wbow  ^tUm 

TIm  blood  la  DK^ar  .  .  . 

H«rt  ytnrth  oflkn  to  oU  aga  the  food. 

Iba  milk  of  Ilia  oira  gift.  .  . .  ItialMrdM, 

To  whom  ifaa  randan  back  the  d«bt  o(  blood. 

hgntk.  Child*  HoraM.  Itr.  MB  ilSlT). 

Ihl'phrasy.  the  herb  eye-bright ;  so 
called  because  it  was  once  suppos^  to  be 
efficacious  in  clearing  the  or;gnn8  of  sight. 
Hence  the  archangel  Michael  purged  the 
eyes  of  Adam  wiu  it,  to  enable  him  to  see 
into  Uie  distant  future. — See  Milton, 
Paradue  Lott,  xL  414-421  (1665). 

Ea'phues  (8  syQt  the  chief  cha- 
racter m  John  Lilly's  Euphvcs  or  The 
Anatomv  of  Wit,  and  Euphvis  and  his 
EngUxna,  He  is  an  Athenian  gentle- 
man, distinguished  for  his  elegance,  wit, 
love-making,  and  roving  habits.  Shake- 
speare borrowed  his  "  government  of  the 
bees  *'  (Henry  V,  act  i.  sc.  2)  from  Lilly. 
Euphues  was  designed  to  exhibit  the 
style  affected  by  the  gallants  of  England 
m  t2ie  reign  of  queen  Elizabeth.  Thomas 
Lodge  wrote  a  novel  in  a  similar  style, 
caUed  EuphvSi^  Golden  Legacy  (1590). 


iment  that  men  mar  nok  be 


mar 

LiHr.  JBttpktm  (iSl). 

(The  romances  of  Calpren^e  and 
Scud^  bear  the  same  rewtioa  to  the 

a  on  of  Louis  XIV.,  as  the  Eupkwe*  of 
/  to  that  of  qaeen  Elisabeth.) 

Eure'ka!  or  rather  Hbubb'ka  !  C*^ 
have  discovered  it!")  The  exdamatioa  of 
Archime'dds,  the  Syraonsian  philosophor, 
when  he  found  out  now  to  test  the  pori^ 
of  Hi'ero's  crown. 

The  tale  is,  that  Hiero  suspected  that 
a  craftsman  to  whom  he  had  given  a 
certain  weight  of  gold  to  make  into  a 
crown  had  alloyed  the  metal,  and  he 
asked  Archimedes  to  ascertain  if  hia  sna- 
picion  was  well  founded.  The  philosopher, 
getting  into  his  bath,  observed  thai  the 
water  ran  over,  and  it  flashed  into  his 
mind  that  his  body  displaced  its  «wii 
bulk  of  water.  Now,  suppose  Hiero  gava 
the  goldsmith  1  lb.  of  gold,  aad  tiba 
crown  weighed  1  lb.,  it  Is  manifest  that  if 
the  crown  was  pure  gold,  both  ooght 
to  displace  the  same  quantitv  of  water; 
but  they  did  not  do  so,  and  therefore  the 
gold  had  been  tampered  with.  Arehi- 
medds  next  immersed  in  water  1  lb.  of 
silver,  and  the  difference  of  water  dis- 
placed soon  gave  the  due  to  the  amount  of 
alloy  introduced  by  the  artificer. 

VltrarloBmiv:  **WlMa  thaldae  oocuned  to  the  |>lill»' 
aephar.hejBmaed  out  of  bhbtth,  and  wfahoat  whilst  l» 
put  on  hia  ckithea,  he  an  bonta,  etrlahnlna  'MmmgkmS 

fcfiiiMii  f** 

Euro'pa.  The  Fight  at  Dame  Ewape^t 
School,  written  by  the  Rev.  H.  W.  PuUen, 
minor  canon  of  Salisbuiy  GathedrmL  A 
skit  on  the  Franco-Pmseian  war  (1870- 
1871). 

Europe's  Liberator.  SoWeUingu 
ton  was  called  after  the  overthrow  of 
Bonaparte  (1769-1852). 


Oh  Wellington.  .  .caOed 
lurape'aUberBtor, 


'  fiavfcnr  ef  the  MaHom"  . . . 


J>m 


b-sosao. 


Su'rUB,  the  east  wind ;  Zephyr,  tb% 
west  wind;  No'tos,  the  south  windt 
Bo'reas,  the  north  wind.  Burus^  in  Ita- 
lian, is  called  the  Lev'ant  ("ruins  of 
the  sun  *'),  and  Zephyr  ia  called  Potent 
(**  setting  of  the  sun  **). 


Forth  ra*  the  Levant  MfA  tha  PonaBt 
Bnrai  and  Z(»hyr, 


XeM,  B.  fOS  (ISMIk 


Buryd'ice  (4  syL),  the  wif^  of 
Orpheus,  killed  »by  a  serpent  on  4ier 
wedding  night.  Orpheus  went  down  to 
hadgs  to  crave  for  her  restoration  to  life, 
and  Pluto  said  she  should  follow  hun  to 
earth  provided  he  did  not  look  back,  yfhm 


KUKTTION. 


818 


EVADNE. 


tbe  pMi  wms  ftei^nng  on  the  confines  of 
onr  ewth,  he  tuned  to  see  if  Eurydicd 
was  following,  and  jott  caught  a  gUnce 
of  her  as  she  was  snatcSed  back  into  the 
shades  below. 

(Pope  tells  the  tale  in  his  Pindaric 
poell^  called  Ode  om  St.  CecUia't  Day, 
1709.) 

Snxytlon,  the  herdsman  of  Ger'Ton. 
He  never  slept  daj  nor  night,  hot  walked 
nnceasinglT  among  his  nerds  with  his 
two-hcaiua  dog  Orthros.  *'Hercald8 
them  all  did  overcome.**— Spenser,  Fa£ry 
T.  10  (1696). 


SoB'tocey  one  of  the  attendants  of 
nr  Reginald  Front  de  B<saf  (a  follower 
of  prince  John). — Sir  W.  Scott,  Iwmhoe 
(time,  Kichard  I.). 

BmettuM  ifhtAer),  or  "fMher  Eosta- 
tna,**  the  superior  and  afterwards  abbot 
sCSi.Maiy's.  He  was  formerly  William 
ADan,  and  the  tnead  of  Henry  Warden 
(aftar wards  the  motestant  preacher). — 
W.    Scott)    The   Momutery   (time, 


^ 


Smtiaoe  (CSWirira),  a  pnpil  of  Ignatius 
Pc^j^ot.  He  has  been  cland^nely 
married  for  four  years,  and  has  a  little 
son  named  Frederick.  Oiartes  Eustace 
confides  hia  scrape  to  Polyglot,  'and 
eoDoeala  his  yom^  wife  in  ue  tutor's 
pfivate  room.  Polyglot  is  thought  to  be 
a  fibcotine,  but  the  truth  comes  out,  and 
all  parties  are  reooncUed. — J.  Poole,  The 

OOtUtWMHm 

Bmfiaoe  (Jack),  the  lover  of  Ludnda, 
sad  "a  very  worthy  young  fellow,"  of 
rood  character  and  family.  As  justice 
Woodcock  was  averse  to  the  marriage, 
Jack  introduced  himself  as  a  music* 
iBiiitf  r  and  sir  William  Meadows,  who 
noQgntxed  him,  persuaded  the  justice  to 
eooscnC  to  the  marriage  of  the  young 
ooople.  This  he  was  the  more  ready  to 
do  as  his  sister  Deboiah  said  positively  he 
"dumld  not  do  it." — ^Is.  Bickerstaff,  Lave 
ma  Vitiate. 

SutbAiia'fliA^  An  easy,  happy  death. 
The  word  occurs  in  the  punciad^  and 
Byroo  has  a  poem  so  entitled.  Eutha- 
aana  generally  means  a  harbour  of  rest 
and  peace  sfter  the  storms  of  life :  "Inveni 
portum ;  spes  et  f6rtnna  valete,**  ue,  **  I 
have  found  my  Euthanasia,  farewell  to 
the  battle  of  life."  (Greek,  eu  thandtos, 
^  a  happy  death.") 

•r  torn  mat  {wvUlon^  its  RBTiea 
trae*  .  .  .  not  to  mention  the 
JaadUai,  rlM«pbafoc«tlMialatfs 


•m  M  tb«  «W7  idMl  of  »  happf  lonl  retrMk  .  .  .  tbt 
ftitlMinMlii  of  >  Ufeof  cmrgftdifM  and  toU  I— JWcfa.  BHL, 
Alt.  "  Bonanoe.''    (11m  Nfersoo*  b  to  Oil  Blaa.) 

S'vcu  daughter  of  Torquil  of  the  Oak. 
She  is  oetn^ied  to  Ferqubard  Day. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Fair  Maid  of  Perth  (time, 
Henry  IV.). 

Sivad'ne  (3  sy/.),  wife  ofKap'aneus 
(8  syL),  She  threw  herself  on  the  funoal 
pile  of  her  husband,  and  was  consumed 
with  him. 

EvacFne  (8  ayL)^  sister  of  Helantius. 
Amintor  was  compelled  by  the  king  to 
marry  her,  althou|^h  he  was  betrothed  to 
Aspasia  (the  '*  maad  "  whose  death  forms 
the  tragical  event  of  the  drama). — Beau- 
mont and  Fletcher,  The  Ifaid'a  Tragedy 
(1610). 

1k«  parlfer  of  iMndo  Tbtoe  In  Aaparia  If  writ  eontnatod 
wUh  tho  nlHy  boMnea  of  lndn«.  and  tbo  roogb  •oldkr> 
IOm  bcannc  and  imalf  feallut  of  Malantlu*  render  tho 
aeHUi  MMualHjr  of  iha  king  mon  hatefhl  and  dhgnttini^ 
— B.  Ckmmhtn,  MitfHtk  Utmratmrt,  L  Wi. 

£wuPne  or  thb  Statue,  a  drsma  by 
Sheil  ( 1820).  Ludov'ico,  the  chief  mini  ster 
of  Naples,  heads  a  conspiracy  to  murder 
the  king  and  seize  the  crown ;  his  great 
stumbling-block  is  the  marquis  of  Co- 
lonna,  a  high-minded  nobleman,  who 
cannot  be  corrupted.  The  sister  of 
the  marquis  is  Evadnd  (3  sy/.),  pli^ted 
to  Yicentio.  Ludovico's  scheme  is  to 
get  Colonna  to  murder  Yicentio  and  the 
king,  and  then  to  debauch  Evadn& 
WiUi  this  in  view,  he  persuades  Yicentio 
that  EvadnS  is  the  kin^*8  jU4e  ctamour, 
and  that  she  marries  him  merely  as  a 
flimsy  cloak,  but  he  adds  **  Never  mind, 
it  will  make  your  fortune."  The  proud 
Neapolitan  is  disgusted,  and  flings  off 
Evadnd  as  a  viper.  Her  brother  is 
indignant,  challenges  the  troth-plight 
lover  to  a  duel^  and  Yicentio  falls. 
Ludovico  now  irritates  Colonna  by  talk- 
ing of  the  king's  amour,  and  induces 
him  to  invite  the  king  to  a  banquet  and 
then  murder  him.  The  king  goes  to 
the  banquet,  and  Evadnd  shows  him  the 
statues  of  the  Colonna  family,  and 
amongst  them  one  of  her  own  father, 
who  at  the  battle  of  Milan  had  saved 
the  king's  life  by  his  own.  The  king  is 
struck  with  remorse,  but  at  this  moment 
Ludovico  enters,  and  the  king  conceals 
himself  behind  the  statue.  Colonna  tells 
the  traitor  minister  the  deed  is  done,  and 
Ludovico  orders  his  instant  arrest,  gibes 
him  as  his  dupe,  and  exclaims,  '*  Now  I 
am  king  indeed  ! "  At  this  moment  the 
king  comes  forward,  releases  Colonna, 
and  orders  Ludovico  to  be  arrested.  The 
tmitor  draws  his    sword,  and   Colonaa 


EVAN  DHU  OF  LOCHIEL. 


814 


EVELYN. 


kills  him.  Vicentio  now  enters,  tells  how 
his  ear  has  been  abased,  and  marries 
Evadnd. 

Evan  Dhu  of  Iioohiel,  a  Highland 
chief  in  the  army  of  Montrose. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Legend  of  Montrose  (time,  Charles 
1.). 

Evan  Dhu  M'Oombich,  the  foster- 
brother  of  M*Ivor.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Waver- 
ley  (time,  George  II.). 

Evandale  (The  MjKt  Hen,  W,  Max- 
weit,  tordYt  in  uie  royal  army  under  the 
duke  of  Monmouth.  He  is  a  suitor  of 
Edith  Bellenden,  the  granddaughter  of 
lady  Margaret  Bellenden,  of  the  Tower 
of  Tillietudlem.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Oid 
Mortality  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Evan'der,  the  "good  old  king  of 
S^- recuse,*^  dethroned  by  Dionysins  the 
Younger.  Evander  had  dethroned  the 
elder  Dionysius  **  and  sent  him  for  vile 
subsistence,  a  wandering  sophist  through 
the  realms  of  Greece.  He  was  the 
Either  of  Euphrasia,  and  was  kept  in  a 
dungeon  on  the  top  of  a  rock,  where  he 
would  have  been  starved  to  deaChv  if 
Euphrasia  had  not  nourished  him  wiUi 
'*the  milk  designed  for  her  own  babe.** 
When  Syracuse  was  taken  by  Timoleon, 
Dionysius  by  accident  came  upon  Evan- 
der, and  would  have  killed  him,  but 
Euphrasia  rushed  forward  and  scabbed 
the  tyrant  to  the  heart. — ^A.  Murphy,  The 
Oreaan  Daughter  (1772).  (See  Errors 
OF  Authors,  "  Dionysius,*'  p.  804.) 

Mr.  Bentiqr.  MajS.  17M.  took  iMve  of  Um  itaffB  in  Um 
diwacter  ot  "  Bnuktar."— W.  C.  RuHeO.  JUyrmmUUim 

Evangelic  Doctor  (7^),  John 
Wycliife,  *'  the  Morning  Star  of  the  Re- 
formation" (1324-18843. 

Evangeline,  the  heroine  and  title 
of  a  tale  in  hexameter  verse  by  Long- 
fellow, in  two  parts.  Evangeline  was  the 
daughter  of  Benedict  Bellefontaine,  the 
richest  farmer  of  Acadia  (now  Nova  Scotia), 
At  the  age  of  17  she  was  leontUy  betrothed 
by  the  notary-public  to  Gabriel  son  of 
liasil  the  blacksmith,  but  next  day  all 
the  colony  was  exiled  by  the  order  of 
Geo^^  II.,  and  their  houses,  cattle,  and 
lands  ,were  confiscated.  Gabriel  and 
Evangeline  were  parted,  and  now  began 
the  troubles  of  her  life.  She  wandered 
from  place  to  place  to  find  her  betrothed. 
Basil  had  settled  at  Louisiana,  but  when 
Evangeline  reached  the  place  Gabriel  had 
lust  left ;  she  then  went  to  the  prairies,  to 
Michigan,  and  so  on,  but  at  every  place 
she  was  just  too  late  to  catch  him.    At 


length,  grown  old  in  this  hopeless  search, 
she  went  to  Philadelphia  and  became  a 
sister  of  meroy.  The  plague  broke  out 
in  tlie  city,  and  as  she  visited  the  alms- 
house she  saw  an  old  man  smittm  down 
with  the  pestilence.  It  was  Gabriel. 
He  tried  to  whisper  her  name,  bnt  death 
closed  his  lips.  He  was  buried,  and 
Evangeline  lies  beside  him  in  the  grave. 

(Longfellow's  Evangeline  (iS49)  has 
many  points  of  close  similitude  with. 
Campbell's  tale  of  Gertrude  of  Wyoming^ 
1809.) 

Evans  (iSlfir  Bugh)^  a  pedantic  Welsh 
parson  and  schoolmaster  of  extaaordinary 
simplicity  and  native  shrewdness. — 
Shakespeare,  Ths  Merry  Wives  of  Wind- 
sor (1601). 

The  raMler  imf  txf  oat  with  boiMrt  rfr  HaRh  Bvaaa. 
"I  Ukt  notwhaaft'ooman  hM»p«at  pauri."— MaoMlar. 

HflodenoD  mm:  "I  havo  aeni  John  Bdvtn.  In  *itr 
Hugh  BvMtc'  wn«o  preparing  for  the  dud.  keep  die  bouaa 
in  an  aertaqr  of  awrrnaent  for  many  ■dnntea  tojithar 
witbout  apeaktaf  a  word  "  (17fiO-1790). 

Evans  (Wi//tam),  the  giant  porter  of 
Charles  I.  He  carried  sir  Geoffrey  Hud- 
son about  in  his  pocket.  Evans  was 
eight  feet  in  height,  and  Hudson  onlv 
eighteen  inches.  Fuller  mentions  thfs 
giant  amongst  his  Worthies,  —  Sir  W, 
Scott,  Peverii  of  the  Peak  (time,  Charles 

i:.). 

Evan'the  (3  sy/.),  sister  of  Sora'no, 
the  wicked  instrument  of  Frederick  duke 
of  Naples,  and  the  chaste  wife  of  Valerio. 
The  duke  tried  to  seduce  her,  but  failing 
in  this  scandalous   attempt,  offered  to 

S've  her  to  an^y  one  "for  a  month, ^  at 
e  end  of  which  time  the  libertine  was 
to  suffer  death.  No  one  would  accept 
the  offer,  and  ultimately  Evanthd  was 
restored  to  her  husband. — Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  A  Wife  for  a  JtfbiOA  (1624). 

Eve  (1  sy/.)  or  Havah,  the  "mother 
of  aU  living"  {Qen,  iii.  20).  Before  the 
expidsion  m>m  paradise  her  name  was 
Ishah,  because  she  was  taken  out  of  mA, 
%,e,  "man"((?<w.ii.  23). 


Eva  WM  of  neb  clguitle  Matara  ttiat  whan  dia  I 
hmd  on  ona  bill  near  Meeca.  Iter  koeca  mted  on  two 
other  hilb  in  tba  pfadn.  about  two  gatiiboti  Monder. 
Adam  waa  aa  taU  m  a  palm  tiaa.— Moaeoor.  raf^a.  i. 

STS.  etr. 

Ev'eli'na  (4  sylX  the  heroine  of  a 
novel  so  called  by  Miss  Bnmey  (after- 
wards Mde.  D'Arblay).  Evelina  marries 
lord  OrviUe  (1778). 

Evelyn  {Alfred)^  the  secretary  and 
relative  of  sir  John  Yesey.  He  made 
sir  John's  speeches,  wrote  his  namphlete, 
got  together  his  fticts,  mended  his  yens^ 
and  received  no  salary,     Bvelyn  loved 


EVELYN. 


S15 


EWABT. 


Obn  Dongks,  •  dependent  of  Udy  Frank- 
Hb*s,  bat  die  was  poor  also,  and  declined 
to  marry  bim.  Scarcely  had  she  refused 
him,  when  he  was  left  an  immense  fortune 
and  proposed  to  Geormna  Yesey.  What 
fittle  heftrt  Georgina  had  waa  given  to 
sir  Frederick  Blount,  but  the  greu  fortune 
«f  Evelyn  made  her  waver;  however, 
bcini^  tM  that  Evelyn*s  property  was  in- 
seenre,  alie  mamed  Frederick,  and  left 
firdyn  tnt  to  marry  Clara. — ^Lord  L. 
Bvhrer  Lytton,  Momey  (1840). 

Bwelffn  (3ir  Otorge),  a  man  of  for- 
tune, fsmily.  and  chancter,  in  love  with 
Dornllon,  wnom  he  marries. — Mrs.  Inch- 
bald,  Ww9  as  they  Wer€  and  Maids  as 
t4«yjfv(1796). 

Mveai  N'ombeni  ue  reckoned  on- 

iKky. 

...  oM  tvktt  thk  ttrnt,  rir,  k  m 
n.,  Tkt  Mwmmt  Lmmgtr  (1S1S|. 

Hm  CWnwi.  hmm»«n  b  odd,  and  «arill  em. 
ban  l.SkS.7.t.bcloiislofMif  orh«ff«a:lMl 
1  i  C  Ik  M.  bria^  toyte  or  mtMCL—Bm.  Mr.  BdUm. 

*•*  Shakespeare  save.** there  is  divinitv 
IB  odd  numbers  **  {Merry  Wioes  of  Wma- 
lor,  act  V.  se.  1,  1596). 

Sverard  (OoUmel  Markham),  of  the 
Coaimoawealfh  partv. 

Master  Evmxard^  tEie  colonel's  father. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Woodstock  (time,  Common- 
wealth). 

Bv'ttreti  (Master)^  a  hired  witness  of 
Oe^Popish  Ptot.''— SirW.  Scott,  Pe9era 
sf  ike  Peak  (time,  Cbarles  11./. 

Svery  ICaai  in  His  Huxnouiv  a 
wracdy  bv  Ben  Jonson  (1598).  llie 
original  play  was  altered  by  David 
Guzick.  The  persons  to  whom  the  title 
of  the  diamA  spply  ue:  "captain 
Bobadil,'*  whose  humour  is  bragging  of 
Us  brave  deeds  and  military  courage — 
be  is  thrashed  as  a  coward  by  Down- 
right; "Kitdy,**  whose  humour  is  jea- 
Misy  of  his  wife— he  u  befooled  and 
esreid  by  a  trick  played  on  him  by  Brain- 
worm  ;  '*  Stephon,  whose  humour  is 
verdant  staiuaity--he  is  played  on  by 
crery  one ;  '*  KnoVeU,"  whose  humour 
is  suspicion  of  his  son  Edward,  which 
tonu  out  to  be  lUl  moonshine ;  "  Dame 
Kitely,**  whose  hnmonr  is  jealousy  of  her 
husband,  bat  she  (like  her  husband)  is 
cuTcd  by  a  trick  devised  by  Brain  worm. 
Every  man  in  his  humour  is  liable  to  be 
dipcd  thereby,  for  his  humour  is  the 
"AefaiQes' h^"  of  his  character. 

Bvery  Man  out  of  His  Hu- 
moar,  a  comedy  by  Ben  Jonson  (1699). 


liVery  One  has  His  Fault,  a 
comedy  by  Mrs.  Inchbald  (1794J.  By 
the  fault  of  rigid  pride,  lord  Norland 
discarded  his  daugntcr,  lady  Eleanor, 
because  she  married  against  his  consent. 
By  the  fault  of  gallan^  and  defect  of  due 
courtMv  to  his  wife,  sir  Robert  Ramble 
drove  udy  Ramble  into  a  divorce.  By 
the  fault  of  irresolution,  **  Shall  I  marry  or 
shall  I  not?"  Solus  remained  a  miserable 
bachelor,  pining  for  a  wife  and  domestic 
joys.  By  the  nult  of  deficient  spirit  and 
manliness,  Mr.  Placid  was  a  hen-pecked 
husband.  By  the  fault  of  marrying  with- 
out the  consent  of  his  wife's  friends,  Mr. 
Irwin  was  reduced  to  poverty  and  even 
crime.  Harmon]^  healed  these  fanlts: 
lord  Norland  received  his  daughter  into 
favour ;  sir  Robert  Ramble  took  back  his 
wife ;  Solus  married  Miss  Spinster ;  Mr. 
Placid  assumed  the  rights  of  the  head 
of  the  familv ;  and  Mr.  Irwin,  being 
accepted  as  the  son-in-law  of  lord  Nor- 
land, was  raised  from  indigence  to  do- 
mestic comfort. 

Bvil  May-Day,  Mav  1, 1517,  when 
the  apprentices  committed  great  excesses, 
especially  against  foreigners ;  and  the 
constable  of  the  Tower  discharged  his 
cannons  on  the  populace.  The  tumult 
began  in  Cheapeiae  (time,  Henry  VIII.). 

S^ot,  page  to  sir  John  Ramomy 
(master  of  the  horse  to  prince  Robert 
of  Scotland).— Sir  W.  Scott,  Fair  Maid 
of  Perth  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

Svir-Allen,  the  white-armed  daugh- 
ter of  Branno  an  Irishman.  *'  A  thousand 
heroes  sought  the  maid ;  she  refused  her 
love  to  a  thousand.  The  sons  of  the 
sword  were  despised,  for  graoefuT  in  her 
eves  was  Ossian."  This  Evir-Allen  was 
the  mother  of  Oscar,  Fingal's  grandson ; 
but  she  was  not  alive  when  Fingal  went 
to  Ireland  to  assist  Cormac  against  the 
invading  Norsemen,  which  rorms  the 
subiect  of  the  poem  called  Fingal,  in  six 
books.— Ossian,  Fingal,  iv. 

Sw'ain  (Sir),  son  of  king  Vrience 
and  Morcan  le  Fay  (Arthur's  half-sister). 
—Sir  T.  Malory,  History  of  Prince 
Arthm-,  i.  72  (1470). 

Swan  of  Briffglands,  a  horse- 
soldier  in  the  armj  of  Montrose. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Bob  Boy  (time,  George  I.). 

Swart  {Nanty,  ue,  Anthony),  cap- 
tain of  the  smuggler's  brig.— -Sir  W. 
Scott,  PedgauntUtJtime,  George  III.). 

Bxcal'ibnr,  king  Arthur's  famous 


KXGAUBTTR. 


816 


EYED. 


pwords.  There  secmb  to  hsve  been  two  of 

hie  swordi  no  called.    One  was  the  sword 

sheathed  in  stone,  which  no  one  could 

draw  thence,  save  he  who  was  to  be  king 

of  the  land.    Above  200  knights  tried  to 

release  it,  bat  failed ;  Arthur  alone  could 

draw  it  with  ease^  and  thus  proved  his 

ri^t    of    succession    (pt.    i.    8).       In 

ch.  7  this  sword  is  called  Excalibnr,  and 

is  said  to  have  been  so  bright  "that  it 

gave  li^t  like  thirty  torches. '    After  his 

tiffht  with  Pellinore,    the  king  said  to 

Merlin  he  had  no  sword,  and  Merlin  took 

him  to  a  lake,  and  Arthur  saw  an  arm 

"  clothed  in  white  samite,  that  held  a  fair 

sword  in  the  hand.**    Presentlv  tiie  Lady 

of  the  Lake  appeared,  and  Arthur  begged 

that  he  mi^t  have  the  sword,  and  the 

lady  told  him  to  go  and  fetch  it.    When 

he  came  to  it  he  took  it,  "  and  the  arm 

and  hand  went  under  the  water  again.** 

This  b  the  sword  generally  called  Excali- 

bur.    When  about  to  die,  king  Arthur 

sent  an  attendant  to  cast  the  sword  back 

again  into  the  lake,  and  agun  the  hand 

'*  clothed  in  white   samite  **    appeared, 

caught  it,  and  disappeared  (ch.  ^V— Sir 

T.   Maloiy,   History   of  Prmoe  Arthur^ 

L  8,  28  (U70). 

King  Artibn^  fWord.  Iicallbar, 
Wrm^  bf  the  VNMfar  maMm  oT  the  MMt 
NliMi  ymn  itie  wronRbt  It,  ■ittlng  In  tb*  dMM 
lartbebUW. 


Upon  Um  hidden 

Tmnyson,  MorU  €Aftkimr, 

£xccUllmr'8  Sheath.  *'  Sir,**  said  Mer- 
lin,  **  look  that  ye  keep  well  the  scabbard 
of  Excalibnr,  for  ye  shall  lose  no  blood 
as  long  as  ye  have  the  scabbard  upon 
you,  though  ye  have  never  so  many 
wounds.** — Sir  T.  Malory,  History  of 
Prince  AHhur,  L  86  (1470). 

Ezeoutloner  {No),  When  Francis 
viscount  d'Aspremont,  sovemor  of  Ba- 
Tonne,  was  commanded  by  Charles  IX.  of 
France  to  massacre  the  huguenots,  he 
replied,  '*  Sire,  there  are  many  under  my 
government  devoted  to  your  majesty,  but 
not  a  single  executioner.** 

Exhausted   Worlds  ...     Dr. 

Johnson,  in  the  prologue  spoken  by 
Garrick  at  the  opening  of  Drury  Lane,  in 
1747,  says  of  Shakespeare : 

Each  chanfl*  of  many-coloarad  Ulb  be  exww, 
BihwHtad  wurkU.  Mid  then  Imagined  new. 

Exterminator  (The),  Montbars, 
chief  of  a  set  of  filibusters  in  the  seven- 
teenth century.  He  was  a  native  of 
Languedoc,  and  conceived  an  intense 
hatred  against  the  Spaniards  on  reading 
of  their  cruelties  in  the  New  World. 
Embarking  at  Havre,  in  1667,  Montbars 


attacked  the  Spaaiaids  in  the  AntilkA 
and  in  Honduras,  took  from  them  Yem 
Cruz  and  CarthagCna,  and  slew  them 
most  mercilessly  wherever  he  encoun- 
tered them  (1645-1707). 

Extra  (Thaf»),  Thaft  ExtrOy  aa 
the  woman  eotid  when  eke  earn  Kerkm 
(a  Devonshire  eaying),  that  is,  *^  I  thought 
my  work  was  done,  but  there  are  more 
last  words.**  **  The  office  closes  at  four 
(but  that's  only  Kerton),  there  is  mvcfa 
work  still  to  do  before  tne  day's  w«ik  ia 
done  (or  before  we  reach  Extra).'* 
"Extra**  is  a  popular  pronunciation  of 
Exeter^  and  "Kerton**  is  Crediton,  The 
woman  was  walking  to  Exeter  for  tibe 
first  time,  and  when  she  reached  the 
grand  old  church  of  Kerton  or  Crediton, 
supposed  it  to  be  Exeter  CatfaedraL 
*«That*s  Exeter  Cathedral,**  she  eaid, 
*fand  the  end  of  my  journey.**  But  it 
was  only  Kerton  Church,  and  she  had 
still  ei^t  more  miles  to  walk  before  sbm 
got  to  Exeter. 

Eye.  Terrible  as  the  eye  of  Vathekm 
One  of  the  eyes  of  this  odiph  was  so 
terrible  in  anger  that  those  died  who 
ventured  to  look  thereon,  and  had  he 
ffiven  way  to  his  wrath,  he  would  have 
depopulated  his  whole  dominioiL — ^W. 
Beckford,  Vathek  (1784). 

Eye-bright  or  Euphra'sia  ("/oy- 
^iving").  So  called  from  its  reputed  power 
m  restoring  impaired  vision. 

[r»«  AermK]  tamHonr  s*li  and  «)«-Msht  lortfae  «viw 
Dnjrton. /»<yof  MvN.  xliL  OSIS). 

Eye  of  the  Baltic  (The],  GotUand 
or  Gothland,  an  island  in  the  Baltic 

Eye  of  Oreeoe  {The)^  Athens. 

Athene,  the  eft  efOraeoe,  moOMr  «f  aits 
And  eloqueaee,  nntive  to 


%*  Sometimes  Sparta  is  called  **Tke 
Eye  of  Greece  **  also. 

Eyes  (Qrey),  With  the  Arabs,  f^ny 
eves  are  synonymous  with  sin  and  enmity, 
ilence  in 'the  Aordn^  xx.,  we  read :  **  On 
that  day  the  trumpet  shall  be  sounded, 
and  we  will  gather  the  wicked  togetherj 
even  those  having  grey  eyes.**  Al  Bcidawi 
explains  this  as  rdEerring  to  the  Greeks, 
whom  the  Arabs  detest,  and  he  calls 
**red  whiskers  and  crrey  eyes**  an  idio- 
matic phrase  for  **  a  foe.** 

Eyed  {One-)  people.  The  Arimas- 
plans  of  Scythia  were  a  one-e^ed  people. 

The  Cyclops  were  giants  with  only  one 
eye,  and  that  in  the  middle  of  the  fop»» 
head. 


817 


PADLAD££K. 


Tartatfo,  in  Baaooe  l^wids,  -waa  a  one- 
iTcd  giant.  Sindbad  ue  sailor,  in  his 
durd  voynge,  was  cast  on  an  island  in- 
habited by  one-«yed  giants. 

Syre  {Jame)^  a  goremess,  who  stoutly 
copes  with  adverse  circumstances,  and 
^tinately  ■karries  a  used-up  man  of 
fortane,  In  whom  the  germs  of  good 
feeling  and  sound  sense  were  only  ex- 
hausted and  not  destroyed* — Quurlotte 
Brait^  Jane  Eyre  (1947).' 


{Sir),  the  gentleman  who 
lecognizes  Lara  at  the  table  of  lord  Otho, 
and  charges  him  with  beii^  Conrad  the 
comir.  A  duel  ensues,  and  Ezzelin  is 
nerer  hetwd  of  more.  A  serf  used  to  say 
that  be  saw  a  huntsman  one  evening 
cart  a  doid  body  into  the  river  which 
Avided  the  lands  of  Otho  and  Lara,  and 
tiiat  there  was  a  star  of  knighthood  on 
the  IweMft  id  ttie  oorpee. — Byron,  Lara 
(1814;. 


Faa  {QSirid),  nephew  of  M^ 
Mcrrilies.  One  of  the  huntsmen  at 
liddet^dale. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Quy  Manner- 
mg  (time,  George  II.). 

Fab'ilai,  a  king  devoted  to  the  chase. 
One  day  be  encountered  a  wild  boar,  and 
fommandfd  those  who  rode  with  him  not 
to  interfere,  but  the  boar  overthrew  him 
and  gored  him  to  death. — Chnmioa  A»- 
UqmA  de  EtpoMOj  121. 

Palnus  {Tho  American)^  (jreoige 
Washington  {1732-1799). 

P^hma  {The  F^rench),  Anne  doc  de 
Moutmoency,  gnuid-«onstable  of  France 
(14^-1567). 

PabriciiiB  \FaAHah'^,wi],  an  old 
Roman,  like  (!^cinnatus  and  Ourius 
Dent&toa,  a  trpe  of  the  rigid  purity, 
fn^gality,  and  honesty  of  the  ^  good  old 
times.**  Pyrriios  used  every  effort  to 
cenupt  him  by  bribes,  or  to  tenify 
him,  Mt  in  vain.  *'  Exc^knt  Fabricius,'" 
cried  the  Greek,  ''one  mi^t  hope  to 
tun  the  son  from  its  course  as  soon  as 
torn  Fabridns  from  the  path  of  duty.** 


,  an  author,  whose  composition 
so  obscure  that  Gil  Bias  could  not 
eeaprehend  the  meaning  of  a  single  Line 
of  his  writinga.    His  poetry  was  verbose 


fustian,  and  his  prose  a  maxe  of  Hx- 

fetched     expressions     and      perplexed 

phrases. 

"If  not  iHtamglbbb"  asU  Pabridut,  "m  much  Om 
ImMct.  Tb«  natival  and  limitle  won't  do  for  Moneta. 
odcai  Mid  the  aibBin*.  TIm  merit  of  thew  b  tbelr 
obacuritjr.  and  It  k  quits  wactant  if  ttia  author  hliuwif 
thlnlu  IM  undentanda  them.  .  .  .  There  are  five  or  ilz 
of  at  who  have  undertaken  to  faitrodtm*  a  thoroogh 
chanse^  and  w«  wUl  do  so,  la  iplta  of  LopS  im  Vega, 
OenraotaB,  and  aO  the  fine  s«nlw  who  cavil  at  a^r^ 
iMagi.  OU  Bias,  r.  U  (1794). 

Fabiit'io,  a  merry  soldier,  the  friend 
of  captain  Jac'oroo  tne  woman-hater. — 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The  Cavtam 
(1613). 

Face  (1  sy/.),  aluu  "Jeremy,**  house- 
servant  of  Ix>vewit.  During  tne  absence 
of  his  master,  Face  leagues  with  Subtle 
(the  alchemist)  and  Dol  (Common  to  turn 
a  penny  by  alchemy,  fortune-telling,  and 
magic.  Subtle  ^a  beggar  who  knew 
something  about  alchemy)  was  discovered 
by  Face  near  Pye  Ck)mer.  Assuming  the 
philosopher's  garb  and  wand,  he  called 
himself  "  doctor ;  **  Face,  arrogating  the 
title  of  "  captain,**  touted  for  dupes ; 
while  Dol  Common  kept  the  house,  and 
aided  the  other  two  m  thdr  general 
scheme  of  deception.  On  the  unexpected 
return  of  Lovewit,  the  whole  thing  blew 
up,  but  Face  was  forgiven,  and  continued 
in  his  place  as  nouse-servant. — Ben 
Jonson,  T&e  Alchemist  (1610). 

Face  Index  of  the  Mind. 

fftalr  oo  the  fioe  [Oo«<]  wrote  the  hides  of  the  mtad. 
Phlneas  Fletcher.  Tk*  Rwrple  Jtkmd.  v.  (ISa). 

Facto'tum  (Johannes),  one  employed 
to  do  ail  sorts  of  work  for  another ;  one 
in  whom  another  contides  for  all  the  odds 
and  ends  of  his  household  management  or 
business. 

He  b  SB  ahatiiae  JohaoaMB  FheMnm,  at  kart  In  hb  owa 
flOQoeit.— Oraene,  ervaff^mtrtk  ^  WU  (UM^ 

Faddle  {WUliam),  a  "fellow  made 
up  of  knavery  and  noise,  with  scandal  for 
wit  and  impudence  for  raillery.  He  was 
so  needy  that  the  very  devil  might  have 
bought  him  for  a  guinea.**  Sir  Qiarles 
Raymond  says  to  him : 

"IhxIHebadtaKraeetohainanitir.    A  foollah  pivdinlltr 
makcathee  needr:  Mad  makes  thee  rldoua:  andboth 
make  thee  contemptible.    Thjrwitbprortitutedtoalaivler 
'  bi^lboMnr ;   and  thjr  Juthpnent.  IT  ihoa  haat  anjr.  to 
lUMM  and  vlUaliqr.    Thjr  betters,  that  laugh  with 


thee,  fauigh  at  thee ;  and  aU  the  variatka  of  thjr  Uf e  are 
bat  pitiftti  rewarda  and  palnAd  aboaaa."— AL  Hooie,  Th» 
JbiHMiMiiy.  If.  S  (1748)1 

Fa'dlia  (^0,  Msliomet*8  silver 
cuirass. 

Fadladeen,  the  great  nazir'  or 
chamberlain  of  Aurun^ze'bd*s  harem, 
He  criticizes  the  tales  told  to  Lalla  Rookh 
by  a  young  poet  on  her  way  to  Delhi,  and 


FADLADINIDA. 


818 


FAIR  PENITENT. 


great  was  his  mortification  to  find  that  the 
poet  was  the  young  king  his  master. 


FadliidMn  wmuyadaealBnrrthliag.  tnm  tb^pendlHng 
of  •  Clroudan't  «]r«lidB  to  tiM  deepwt  quartJons  oT  KlaMS 
Mi<J  Uteraturo;  from  Um  mixture  of  a  conienrc  of  row 
kavoa  to  tb«  eompodtton  of  an  epic  poom.— T.  M oora^ 
JxMa  iUtokk  (laiTi 

Fadladin'ida^wife  of  king  Ghronon- 
hotonthologos.  While  the  king  is  alive 
she  falls  in  love  with  the  captive  king  of 
the  Antip'odSs,  and  at  the  death  oi  the 
kin^,  when  two  suitors  arise,  she  says, 
**  Well,  gentlemen,  to  make  matters  easy, 
ru  take  vou  both/*— H.  Carey,  Chrvnon- 
hotonthohgos  (a  burlesque). 

Faerr  Queen,  a  metrical  romance,  in 
six  booKS,  of  twelve  cantos  each,  by 
Edmund  Spenser  {incomplete). 

Book  I.  Thb  Red  Cross  Knight. 
the  sp^t  of  Christianity  f  or  the  victory  of 
holiness  over  sin  (1590). 

II.  Thb  Legend  of  Sib  Guton,  the 
golden  mean  (1590). 

III.  The  Legend  of  Britomartis, 
chaste  love,  Britomartis  is  Diana  or 
queen  Elizabeth  (1590). 

lY.  Cambel  asd  TRiAiiLOKD,  Jidclity 
(1596). 

y.  The  Legend  of  Sib  Ar'tegai., 
justice  n59Q). 

VI.  The  Legend  of  Sib  Calidobb, 
courtesy  (1596). 

*«*  Sometimes  bk.  vii.,  called  Muta- 
hilitUf  is  added ;  but  only  fragments  of  this 
book  exist. 

Fafilis^  the  dragon  with  which  Sigurd 
fights. — Sigurd  the  Homy  (a  German 
romance  based  on  a  Norse  legend). 

IPAg*  ^®  lyin^  servant  of  captain 
Absolute.  He  "  wears  his  master's  wit, 
as  he  does  his  laoe,  at  second  hand.'* — 
Sheridan,  The  Rivals  (1775). 

Faggot  (Nicholas),  clerk  to  Matthew 
Foxley,  the  noagistrate  who  exilmined 
Darsie  Latimer  (t.^.  sir  Arthur  Darsie 
Redg^nntlet)  after  he  had  been  attacked 
by  rioters.-— Sir  W.  Scott,  Eedgauntlet 
(time,  George  III.). 

Faggots  andFaggots  {By  a  fagots 

et  fagots),  all  things  of  the  same  sort  are  not 

ecjuai  in  quali^.    In  Moli^'s  Le  M€de- 

oin  Malgr€  Lm,  Sganarvlle  wants  to  show 

that  his  faggots  are  better  than  those  of 

other  persons,  and  cries  out  *'  Ay !  but 

those  faggots  are  not  equal  to  mine." 

n  aat  vnl.  menimin,  queje  nls  le  pnmi«r  bomoie  da 
BMMid*  poar  filn  dM  fuott  ...  Jo  nV  4pMsne  aueoM 
tlio«e,  ot  4eit  foil  d'uoe  b«oa  qu'U  o'jr  a  riaa  4  din.  .  .  . 
II 7  •  lasoU  at  liBKOti.— Act  L  6  (IttWk 

Fagtn,  an  old  Jew,  who  employs  a 


rg  of  thieves,  chiefly  boys.  These  boys 
teaches  to  pick  pockets  and  pilfer 
adroitly.  Fagin  assumes  a  most  suave 
and  fawning  manner,  but  is  malicioua, 
grasping,  and  full  of  cruelty. — C  Dickens, 
Oliver  Twist  (1837). 

Fainfldl,  cousin  by  marriage  to  air 
Wilful  Witwould.  He  married  a  yoanfr, 
wealthy,  and  handsome  widow,  h:i  tibie 
two  were  cat  and  dog  to  each  other.  Die 
great  aim  of  FainalTwas  to  get  into  hit 
possession  the  estates  of  his  wife  (settled 
onherself  "in  trust  to  Edward  Mirabell  **), 
but  in  this  he  failed.  In  outward  sem- 
blance, Fainall  was  plausible  enough, 
but  he  was  a  goodly  apple  rotten  at  the 
core,  false  to  his  friends,  faithless  to 
his  wife,  overreaching,  and  deceitful. 

Mrs,  Famall,  Her  first  husband  was 
Languish,  son  of  lady  Wiahfort,  Her 
second  husband  she  both  despised  and 
detested.— W.  Congreve,  The  Way  of  the 
World  (1700). 

ThomM  DariM  [1710-178B].  aflor  »  dnc*  of  SttMO 
TMtft.  perfonned  Um  purt  of  "  FaiDall."     Hb  aipn    ' 
Garrlck's.  wlUi  all  Ua  Ire  qtiMidi«d.--£oadaii. 


Fainasolis,  daughter  of  Craca's 
king  {the  Shetland  Isles),  When  Fin^ 
was  quite  a  young  man,  she  fled  to  him 
for  protection  against  Sora,  but  scarcely 
had  he  promised  to  take  up  her  cause, 
when  Sora  landed,  drew  the  bow,  and  she 
fell.  Fingal  said  to  Sora,  "  Unerring  it 
thy  hand,  0  Sora,  but  feeble  was  the 
foe.'*  He  then  attacked  the  invader,  and 
Sora  felL— Ossian,  Ungal,  iiL 

Faint  Heart  never  Won  Fair 
Iiady,  a  line  in  a  ballad  written  to  the 
"  Berkshire  Lady,"  a  Misb  Frances  Ken- 
drick,  daughter  of  sir  William  Keudrick, 
second  baronet.  Sir  William's  father  was 
created  baronet  by  Charles  II.  The  wooer 
was  a  Mr.  Qiild,  son  of  a  brewer  at 
Abingdon,  to  whom  the  lady  sent  a  chal- 
lenge. 

Baring  read  thli  stnnge  rdatloo, 
Bt  «a»  In  n  ooMtemraoa  t 


But,  Rdvlrinc  with  a  Mond. 
He  ponmde*  him  to attoad: 
**  Bs  of  eomase  and  make  ready. 
Faint  hflait  nover  won  fldr  bdjr." 
QMorMrfir  Am<««*^  ofL 

FSamt  Heart  never  Won  Fair  Lady^ 
name  of  a  petit  comifdie  brought  out  by 
Mde.  Vestris  at  the  Olvmpie.  Mde. 
Vestris  herself  performed  the  part  of  tbe 
"fair  lady." 

Fair  Penitent  {The),  a  tragedy  by 
Rowe  (1708).  Calista  was  daughter  of 
lord  Sciol'to  (8  syl,),  and  bride  of  lord 
Al'tamont.    It  was  discovered  on  the 


FAIBBBOTH£R. 


810 


FAKENIIAM  GHOST. 


veddin^  d*y  that  she  bad  been  aedoccd 
bj  Lotha'rio.  This  led  to  a  duel  between 
the  brid^;room  and  the  Ubertine,  in  which 
Lothario  was  killed ;  a  street  riot  ensued, 
in  which  Sciolto  received  his  death- 
woond  ;  and  Calista,  "the  fair  penitent,** 
stabbed  herself.  This  drama  is  a  mere 
r^ckoMg^at  Massinger's  Fatal  Dowry, 

%*  For  Fair  Mmd$  and  Fair , 

the  proper  name  or  titnlar  name. 

Fairbrother  {Mr.),  counsel  of  Effie 
Deans  at  the  triaL— Sir  W.  Scott,  Heart 
0/  Midhthkm  (time,  George  XL). 

Falrfiuc  {Thomau  lord)^  father  of 
the  dochess  of  Buddngham. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Ftveril  <^  ike  P«Ul  (time,  Gharles 

Fairfield,  tiie  miller,  and  father  of 
Pktty  "the  maid  of  the  mill.**  An 
hsBMt,  atraightforward  man,  grateful 
and  modest.— BickerBtaiL  The  Maid  of 
the  MiU  (1647). 

Fairfbrd  (Mr.  AUxander  or  Sonm- 
4rrs),  a  lawyer. 

Jjhat  Fatrford,  a  young  barrister,  son 
•f  Saunders,  and  a  friend  of  thirsie 
latimer.  He  marries  Lilias  Redgauntlet, 
siiter  of  sir  Arthur  Darsie  Redgauntlet, 
called  *«  Daraie  Latimer.** 

Peter  Fairford,  Allan's  cousin.— Sir  W. 
Scott,  RedgaweUtt  (time,  George  111.). 

Fairleigh  (/WnU),  the  pseudonym 
of  F.  £.  Smedley,  editor  <^  Sharpe*s 
Lmkm  Magazme  (1S4S,  1849).  It  was 
in  this  magaane  that  Smedley*s  two 
Dords,  HxmA  Fairleigh  and  Lew%$  Arun- 
dd,  were  first  published* 

FalrUznb,  sister  of  Bitelas,  and 
daughter  of  Rukenaw  the  ape,  in  the 
b«utr«ine  called  JUynard  the  Fox  (1498). 

Fair'acrieve  (2  syL),  clerk  of  Mr. 
James  MiddlebursHb,  a  magistrate  of 
Edinbnrs^— Sir  W.  Scott,  Jdeart  of  Mid- 
kftkian  (time,  George  II.). 

FairaefTvice  (Mr,),  a  magistrate's 
derk.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Heart  of  Mid- 
lothian (time,  George  II.). 

Faiteuvioe  (Andrew),  the  humorous 
Scotch  gardener  of  sir  Hildebrand  Os- 
baldistone,  of  Gsbaldistone  HalL— Sir 
W.  Scott,  £ob  Boy  (time,  George  I.). 

fliwii«li^  with  ■  liiiBwiw  M|iiif  nihil  In  ttsvi^MtlM 

Fairatar  (Princess),  dau^ter  of 
qaeen  Bloo'dina  (who  had  at  one  birth 


Blondina*s  sister  Bmnetta  (wife  of  the 
king's  brother)  had  a  son,  afterwards 
called  Chery.  The  queen-mother,  wishing 
to  destroy  these  four  children,  ordered 
Fein'tisa  to  strangle  them,  but  Feintisa 
sent  them  adrift  in  a  boat,  and  told  the 
queen-mother  they  were  gone.  It  sc 
happened  that  the  boat  was  seen  by  a 
corsair,  who  brought  the  children  to  his 
wife  dor'sina  to  bring  up.  The  corsair 
soon  grew  immensely  rich,  because  every 
time  the  hair  of  these  children  was 
combed,  jewels  fell  from  their  heads. 
When  grown  up,  these  castaways  went 
to  the  land  of  their  royal  father  and  his 
brother,  but  Chery  was  for  a  while  em- 
ployed in  getting  for  Fairstar  (1)  The 
dancing  water,  which  had  the  gift  of 
imparting  beauty ;  (2)  The  smgmg  apple, 
which  had  the  gift  of  imparting  wit; 
and  (8)  The  green  bird,  which  could 
reveal  all  secrets.  By  this  bird  the  story 
of  their  birth  was  mode  known,  and 
Fairstar  married  her  cousin  Chery.— Com- 
tesse  D*Aunoy,  F)airy  Tales  (**  Princess 
FairsUr/*  1682). 

\*  This  tale  is  borrowed  from  the 
fairy  talcs  of  Straparola,  the  Milan^e 
(1650). 

Faithftll,  a  companion  of  Christian 
in  his  walk  to  the  Celestial  City.  Both 
were  seized  at  Vanity  Fair,  and  Faithful, 
being  burnt  to  death,  was  taken  to  heaven, 
in  a  chariot  of  fire. — Bunyan,  PUgHnCs 
Progress,  L  (1678). 

Faithful  (Jacob),  the  title  and  hero  of  a 
sea  tale,  by  CSaptain  Marryat  (1885). 

Faithful  (Father  of  the),  Abraham 
— Bom,  iv. ;  Oal,  iii.  ^9. 

Faithfid  Shepherdess  (The),  • 
pastoral  drama  by  John  Fletcher  (1610). 
The  *' faithful  ehepherdess  *'  is  Cor'in, 
whose  lover  was  dead.  Faithful  to  his 
memory,  0>rin  retired  from  the  busy 
world,  employing  her  time  in  works  of 
humanity,  such  as  healing  the  sick,  exor- 
cizing the  bewitched,  and  comforting  the 
afflicted. 

(A  part  of  MiIton*8  Comus  is  almost  a 
verbal  transcript  of  this  pastoral.) 

Fakar  (Dhu'l),  Mahomet's  scimitar. 

Fakenham  Ohost  (The),  An  old 
woman,  walking  to  Fakenham^  had  to 
cross  the  churchyard  after  m^^ht-fall. 
She  heard  a  short,  quick  step  behind,  and 
looking  round  saw  what  she  fancied  to 
be  a  four-fontod  monster.  On  she  ran, 
faster  and  fiwter,  and  on  came  the  patter- 


FAKREDDIN'S  VALLEY. 


320 


FALSTAFF. 


ing  footfalls  l>ehind.  She  gained  th€ 
ehurchyard  gnte  and  pushed  it  open,  but, 
ah !  "the  monster"  also  passed  through. 
Every  moment  she  expected  it  would 
leap  upon  her  back.  She  reached  her 
cottage  door  and  fainted.  Out  came  her 
husband  with  a  lantern,  saw  the  "  sprite," 
which  was  no  other  tiian  the  foal  of  a 
donkey  that  hnd  strayed  into  the  park 
and  followed  the  ancient  dame  to  her 
cottage  door. 

And  many  «  hagh  went  tbroagh  the  vala^ 

And  som«  ooovlctloa,  too ; 
bdi  thought  MOM  other  goiiUii  tale 

Perhapa  waa  Jurt  as  tnie. 

B.  WoomtWiM.  Tht  nubemhmm  €Hkoti  (a  fut). 

Fakreddin's  Valley.  Over  the 
several  portals  of  bronze  were  these  in- 
scriptions :  (1)  The  Asylum  ok  Pii^ 
ORiMs  ;  (2^  The  Traveller's  Refuge  ; 
(8)  The  Depository  of  the  Secrets 

OF  ALL  THE  WoRLD. 

FalooiL  Wm.  Morris  tells  us  that 
whoso  watched  a  certain  falcon  for  seven 
days  and  seven  nights  without  sleeping, 
should  have  his  first  wish  grants  by  a 
fay.  A  certain  king  accomplished  the 
watching,  and  wished  to  have  the  fay*8 
love.  His  wish  was  granted,  but  it 
proved  his  ruin. — ITie  Earthly  Paradise 
("July"). 

Falconer  {MrJ)y  laird  of  Balma- 
whapple,  a  friend  of  the  old  baron  of 
Bradwardine.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Waveriey 
(time,  George  II.). 

Falconer  {Maicr\  brother  of  lady 
Bothwell. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Aunt  Margarets 
Mirror  (time,  William  III.). 

Falconer  {Edmund)^  the  nam  deplume  of 
Edmund  O'Rourke,  author  of  Extremes 
or  Men  of  tfte  Day  (a  comedy,  1859). 

Faler'niim  or  Falernub  Agbr,  a 
district  in  the  north  of  Campania,  extend- 
ing from  the  Massic  Hills  to  the  river 
Yultur'nus  (in  Italy).  This  district  was 
noied  for  its  wines,  called  '*  Massic  **  or 
**  Falemian,'*  the  best  of  which  was 
"Fanstianum." 

Then  with  water  flII  the  pitcher 
Wraahed  aboat  wtth  clanlc  bblae; 

Ne'er  Falernkui  threw  a  richer 
liffiA  upoo  Lucolhia*  tablet. 

Longfellow,  DHmMng  8om$. 

Falie'ro  {Marino)^  the  doge  of 
Venice,  an  old  man  who  married  a  young 
wife  named  Angioli'na  (8  syl.).  At  a 
banquet,  Michel  Steno,  a  young  patrician, 
grossly  insulted  some  of  the  ladies,  and 
was,  by  the  order  of  the  doge,  turned  out 
of  the  house.  In  revenge,  Steno  pla- 
Muded  the  doge's  chair  with  some  scurri- 


lous verses  upon  the  yoong  dogaressa, 
and  Faliero  referred  the  matter  to  **ihe 
Forty.'*  The  council  sentenced  Steno  to 
two  months'  imprisonment,  and  the  doge 
deemed  this  punishment  so  inadequate  to 
the  offence,  that  he  looked  upon  it  as  a 
personal  insult,  and  headed  a  conspiracy 
to  cut  off,  root  and  branch,  the  whole 
Venetian  nobility.  The  project  being 
discovered,  Faliero  was  put  to  death 
(1S&5),  at  the  age  of  76,  and  his  picture 
removed  from  the  gallery  of  his  brother 
doges. — Byron,  Marino  Faliero, 

FalTrland,  an  aristocratic  gentleman, 
of  a  noble,  loving  nature,  but  the  victim 
of  &lse  honour  and  morbid  refinement  of 
feeling.  Under  great  provocation,  he 
was  goaded  on  to  commit  murder,  but 
being  tried  was  honourably  acquitted,  and 
another  person  was  executed  for  the 
crime.  Caleb  Williams,  a  lad  in  Falk- 
land's service,  accidentally  became  ac- 
quainted with  these  secret  facts,  but, 
unable  to  live  in  the  house  under  the 
suspicious  eyes  of  Falkland,  he  ran  away. 
Falkland  tracked  him  from  place  to  place, 
like  a  blood-hound,  and  at  length  arrested 
him  for  robbery.  The  true  statement 
now  came  out,  and  Falkland  died  of 
shame  and  a  broken  spirit. — ^W.  Godwin, 
Caleb    Williams    (1794).     (See   Faulk- 

LAND.) 

***  This  tale  has  been  dramatized  by 
G.  Colman,  under  the  title  of  The  Iron 
Chest,  in  which  Falkbind  is  called  ''sir 
Edward  Mortimer,"  and  Odeb  WillUms 
is  called  "Wilford." 

False  One  (The),  a  tr^ffccly  by 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher  (1619).  Hie 
subject  is  the  amours  of  Julius  Oesar  and 
Cleopat'ra. 

Falsetto  (SSgnor),  a  man  who  fawns 
on  Fazio  in  prosperity,  and  turns  his  back 
on  him  when  fallen  into  disgrace. — Dean 
Milman,  Fazio  (1815). 

Falstaff  (Sir  John\  in  The  Merry 
Wives  of  Windsor,  and  m  the  two  parts 
of  Henry  /F.,  by  Shakespeare.  In 
Henry  F.,  his  death  is  described  by  Mrs. 
Quickly,  hostess  of  an  inn  in  Eastcheap. 
In  the  comedy,  sir  John  is  represented  at 
making  love  to  Mrs.  Page,  who  "fools 
him  to  the  top  of  her  bent."  In  the 
historic  plays,  he  is  represented  as  a 
soldier  and  a  wit,  the  boon  companion  of 
*< Mad-cap  Hal"  (the  prince  of  Wales). 
In  both  cases,  he  is  a  moimtain  of  fat, 
sensual,  mendacious,  boastful,  and  fond  of 
practical  jokeft 


FAMOUS. 


821 


FARINATA. 


In  the  king's  army,  "sir  John**  was 
captain,  "  Peto  *•  lietitenaat,  "  Pistol »' 
aocaait  [ensign],  and  <*Banlolph"  cor- 
potaL 


c.  K. 


QmiAATt  tins  Omn  h«f«  bm  man  than 


f?*    *?^^?^  'HMoitt:  'EonMO.*   'lUcbeth.*  aiHi 
*lMr:'  but  gfam  <ialii  [ie»-170SI  oob 


(Bobeit  William  Elliston  (1774-1831) 
as  the  beee  of  all  <*  Falstaffs.^  His  was 
a  wonderful  combination  of  wit,  humour, 
acnsnaliU',  and  philosophy,  bat  he  was 
always  the  gentleman.) 


how 
•adrlee:  of 
or  vln 


— «  -»y   «-o  wiw^  inn  n««  miihiwii  •   oi  nOB 

■Hrte4«ptMd.bathw€lrdetaated.  "Pkbtaff' 
haradv  loadai  vttk  fvlti,  and  with  Mmm  fattHi 
"^  «'n«'«««l>i.    He  Is  a  thfef  and  a 

ahnqrs  rcadf  to  cheat 

.      .  to  tarrlfr  til*  Umorow 

At  oBoe  obieqaioai  and  malls- 

boi  desplcablek 


10  tho  prinn  bjr  perpetual  ftietir.  and 
of  OBeltlng  laoghtar.— Or.  Johuon. 


Famous.  **  I  woke  one  morning  and 
fomd  myself  famous.**  So  said  Bjrron, 
after  the  pnblioation  of  cantos  i.  and  iL 
of  his  CUlde  Harold  (1812). 

FaneiAll  (Lady)^  a  vain,  conceited 
b«aaty,  who  calls  herself  **  nice,  strangely 
aic«>,"aad  says  she  was  formed  "  to  make 
the  whole  creation  uneasy.**  She  loves 
Hear^«e,  a  ndler  against  woman,  and 
when  he  proposes  marriage  to  Belinda,  a 
rival  beaaty,  spreads  a  most  impudent 
•Qudal,  which,  however,  reflects  only  on 
heaelf.  Hcartfree,  who  at  one  time  was 
partly  in  love  with  her,  says  to  her : 

ttdwme,  pivo  TOO  beauty  to  a 

a  fairit.  vlt  eooagh  to  make 

bat  art  has  made  jroa  bceoane  the  idtgr  of 

. the  jeot  of  your  own.    There's  not  a  faaUtiv 

"  y^  iK*  hart  MM  ha*«  land  tho  way  to  teach  It  Hmie 

ivaUon.    Yoor  feet,  tout  hands,  jraur  very 

art  diRcted  norer  to  move  wlthoot  nme 

k.  amd  roar  lan»nas«  >•  *  MHable  tmonwt  to 

■••  mpa  ami  dwiano^how"  (act  B,  1).— Van- 

^iMMieii  Wifm  {ym\ 

Fan-PaoL  aiicu  Fhelin  OTug,  **a 
lol^-pop  maker,  and  manufacturer  of 
maids  of  honour  to  the  court.**  This 
■Mrry,  diy,  and  blundering  elf,  concealed 
hi  a  bear-fdcin,  makes  love  to  Christine, 
the  &itfafiil  attendant  oh  the  countess 
Marie.  Phelin  OTug  says  his  mother 
was  too  bashful  ever  to  let  him  know  her, 
and  hit  father  always  kept  in  the  back- 
ground.— E,  Stirlimr,  The  Prisoner  of 
Sato  (1847). 

Pang;,  a  bullying,  insolent  mi^strate, 
who  would  have  sent  Oliver  '^nst  to 
prison,  on  suspicion  of  theft,  if  Mr. 
nrownlow  had    no4  interposed   on   the 


boy's  behalf.— C.  Dickens,  Oliver  7WM 
(18o7), 

"t*^*'   '^  '"^  oMM  aecMtaiy.~John  Foaler.  Uf*  ^ 

Fang  and  Snare,  two  sheriff's 
officers.— Shakespeare,  2  Benru  IV, 
(1698).  ' 

Fanny  {Lord).  So  John  lord  Her- 
vey  was  usually  called  bv  the  wito  of  the 
time,  in  consequence  of  his  effeminate 
habits.  His  appearance  was  that  of  a 
"half  wit,  half  fool,  half  man,  half  beau.** 
He  used  rouge,  drank  ass*s  milk,  and  todc 
Scotch  pills  (1694-1743). 

Brtxm.  Mmgllsk  Bardtamd  Seotch  JUHtvtn  (laoei. 

■Fanny  (Mtas).  younger  daughter  ai 
Mr.  Sterling,  a  nch  City  merchant.  She 
was  clandestinely  married  to  LoveweU. 
"Gentle-looking,  soft-speaking,  sweet- 
smiling,  and  affable,"  wanting  "nothing 
but  a  crook  in  her  hand  and  a  lamb  under 
her  arm  to  be  a  perfect  picture  of  inno- 
cence and  simplicity.**  Every  one  loved 
her,  and  as  her  marriage  was  a  secret,  sir 
John  Melvil  and  lord  Ogleby  both  pro- 
posed to  her.  Her  mamage  with  Love, 
well  being  ultimately  made  known,  her 
dilemma  was  removed.  —  Colmsn  and 
Garrick,  The  Clandestine  Marriage  (1766). 

,  Fan'teries    (3  «y/.),   foot-soldiery 
infantry. 

Fire  other  bandn  of  EnglUibnttfkiL 
a  Qaarolgne.  n»  FruUm  ^f  Wwrrt,  1«  (died  VSBT). 

Faquir',  a  religious  anchorite,  whose 
life  is  spent  in  the  severest  austerities  and 
mortification. 

Ho  diverted  hJnudf.  however  .  .  .  eqtedanjr  with  th« 
Brahmloi,  laqiiln.  and  other  enthutfauts  who  had  tr». 
veiled  from  the  heart  of  India,  and  halted  on  their  way 
with  the  emir.— W.  Beckford.  KoOcft  (178S). 

Farceur  {The),  Angelo  Beolco,  the 
Italian  farce-writer.  Called  Ruzzanti  in 
Italian,  from  ruzxare.  "to  play  the  fool*' 
(1602-1642). 

Farina'ta  FDeoli  UnERTil,  a  noble 
Florentine,  leader  of  the  GhibdliDe  fac- 
tion, and  driven  from  his  country  in  1250 
by  tiie  Guelfes  (1  ay  I.),  Some  ten  years 
later,  by  the  aid  of  Moinfroi  of  Naples, 
he  beat  the  Guelfes,  and  took  all  the 
towns  of  Tuscany  and  Florence.  Dantd 
conversed  with  him  in  the  a!tv  of  Dis, 
and  represents  him  as  lying  m  a  fiery 
tomb  yet  open,  and  not  to  be  closed  till 
the  lost  judgment  day.  When  the  coundl 
agreed  to  raze  Florence  to  the  ground| 


FARM-HOUSE. 


S22 


FASTRADA. 


Farinata  opposed  the  measuTe,  and  layed 
tike  city.    Dantdiefentothis: 

Lol  Ffertnaia  .  .  .  hlibnnr 
tomewlMit  opifftcd.  crlod  .  .  . 
*'hi  that  aftajr  (Lc  ai  ttrntUipmrto,  ttmr  th*  Hmt 

Arbia\ 
I  ttood  not  ilnglr  .  .  . 
But  riiurtr  there  I  itood,  whan  kf  eoDMUt 
Of  all.  Florence  had  to  the  ground  been  nad,— 
Cb*  <MM  vfao  opanljr  iortiade  th«  deed." 

Diantd.  Ii^tmo,  x.  (UOO). 

Like  farlnate  Crom  hie  flery  tomlk 

Farm-house  (The).  Hodely  and 
Heartwell,  two  geDtlemen  of  fashion, 
come  into  the  coantry  and  receive  hospi- 
tality from  old  Fanner  Freehold.  Here 
they  make  love  to  his  daughter  Aura  and 
his' niece  Flora.  The  gins,  being  high- 
principled,  convert  the  flirtation  of  the 
two  guests  into  love,  and  Heartwell 
marries  the  niece,  while  Hodely  proposes 
to  Aura^  who  accepts  him,  provided  he 
will  wait  two  months  and  remain  oon- 
Btant  to  her. — John  Philip  Kemble. 

Fanner  Qeorge,  George  in.;  so 
called  because  he  was  like  a  farmer  in 
dress,  manners,  and  tastes  (1738-1820). 

Farmer's  Wifb  (The)^  a  musical 
drama  bv  C.  Dibdin  (1780).  Cornflower, 
a  benevolent,  high-minded  farmer,  having 
saved  Emma  Bel  ton  from  the  flames  of  a 
house  on  fire,  married  her,  and  they  lived 
together  in  love  and  peace  till  sir  Charles 
Courtly  took  a  fancy  to  Mrs.  Cornflower, 
and  abducted  her.  She  was  soon  tracked, 
and  as  it  was  evident  that  she  was  no 
oariiceps  criminiSf  she  was  restored  to  her 
nusband,  and  sir  Charles  gave  his  sister 
to  Mrs.  Cornflower's  brother  in  marriage 
as  a  peace  offering. 

Famese  BuU  [Far. mat/, xe]^  a  colos- 
sal group  of  sculpture,  attributed  to 
Apolloniiis  and  Tauriscus  of  Traill,  in 
Asia  Minor.  The  group  represents  Dirc§ 
bound  by  Zcthus  and  Amphi'on  to  the 
horns  of  a  bull,  for  ill-using  her  mother. 
It  was  restored  by  Bianchi,  in  1546,  uid 
placed  in  the  Famesd  palace,  in  Italy. 

Famese  Her'cules  [Far. nay*, xe], 
a  name  given  to  Glykon's  copy  of  the 
famous  statue  by  Lvsippos  (a  Greek  sculp- 
tor in  the  time  of  Alexander  "the  Great '^. 
It  represents  HerculCs  leaning  on  his 
club,  with  one  hand  on  his  back.  The 
Famesd  family  became  extinct  in  1781. 

Fashion  (Sir  BriUiaaU).  a  man  of  the 
world,  who  "dresses  fashionablv,  lives 
fashionably,  wins  your  money  fashion- 
ably, loses  his  own  fashionablyt  and 
does  everything  fashionably."     Uis'fa- 


■hionable  aasereiations  are,  "Lei  mm 
perish,  if  .  .  . !  **  "  May  fortune  eter- 
nally frown  on  me,  if  .  .  . ! "  "May  I 
never  hold  four  by  honours,  if  .  .  . !  ** 
"  May  the  first  woman  I  meet  strike  ma 
with  a  supercilious  eyebrow,  if  .  .  .  I " 
and  so  on. — A.  Murphy,  The  Way  to 
Keep  Him  (1760). 

Fashion  (Tom)  or  "Toun^  Fashion,** 
younger  brother  of  lord  Foppington.  As 
bis  elder  brother  did  not  b^iave  well  to 
him,  Tom  resolved  to  outwit  him,  and  to 
this  end  introduced  himself  to  sir  Tun- 
belly  Clumsy  and  his  daughter,  Miss 
Hoyden,  as  lord  Foppington,  between 
whom  and  the  knight  a  negotiation  of 
marriage  had  been  carried  on.  Beiof 
establisned  in  the  house,  Tom  mairied 
the  heiress,  and  when  the  veritable  lord 
appeared,  he  was  treated  as  an  impostor. 
Tom,  however,  explained  his  ruse,  and  as 
his  lordship  treated  the  knight  with  great 
contempt  and  quitted  the  house,  a  recon- 
ciliation was  easily  effected. — Sheridan, 
A  Tr^  to  Soarborough  (1777). 

Fashionable  IiOver(  7^).  LordAb- 
berville,  a  young  man  of  23  years  of  age, 
promises  marriage  to  Lucinda  Bridgemore, 
the  vulgar,  spit^l,  purse-proud  daughter 
of  a  London  merchant,  living  in  Fish  Street 
Hill.  At  the  house  of  this  merchant  lord 
Abberville  sees  a  Miss  Aubrey^  a  hand- 
some, modest,  lady-like  girl,  with  ^diom 
he  is  greatly  smitten.  He  first  tries  to 
corrui]^  her,  and  then  promises  marriage ; 
but  Miss  Aubrey  is  already  engaged  to  a 
Mr.  Tyrrel.  The  vulgarity  and  iU-natore 
of  Lucinda  being  quite  insurmountable, 
"the  fashionable  lover**  abandons  her. 
The  chief  object  of  the  drama  is  to  root 
out  the  prejudice  which  Englishmen  at 
one  time  entertained  a^tinst  the  Scotdi, 
and  the  chief  character  is  in  reality  Colin 
or  Cawdie  Macleod,  a  Scotch  servant  of 
lord  AbberviUe.— R.  Cumberknd  (1780). 

Fastolfe  (Sir  John),  in  1  Henry  VI. 
This  is  not  the  "sir  John  Falstaff**  of 
huge  proportions  uid  facetious  wit,  but 
the  lieut^mnt'iiKeneral  of  the  duke  of 
Bedford,  and  a  kni^t  of  the  Garter. 


Here  had  the  conqoeet  (bOr  1 

If  air  John  Fastoue  had  not  plaired  the  coward  | 

He  being  In  Uie  nuiwaid  .  .  . 

Oovardly  Sed.  not  havtac  ekradt  mm  stroke. 

ShakeqMam  1  Btnnt  TA  act  L  ee.  1  (1IB9| 

Fran  thb  \mtUli  [of  Patml»,  Im  Fimmm] 
wfthout  anie  stroke  strlkM.  rfr  John  FeeteMs.  . 
duke  or  Bedfofd  tooke  from  hha  Um  iMias*  «f  9L 
and  hte  farter.— HoUnehed.  fl.  SOL 


Fastra'da  or  Fastbadb,  dangfatcr  ol 


FAT, 


FATES. 


coont  Sodolph  ftiid  Loitmtle.    She  was 
of  the  nine  wives  of  Charlemagne. 


UM  Hft  belli  at  •TMi.^lfito 
Banc  In  Um  can  of  OMtriamMM^ 

AbmW  br  PMCradal  ikfo. 

At  Incrinaiai.  la  aO  hit  prMat 
He  beard  their  aound  with  aacrrt  pain. 


Pat  (The),  Alfonzo  II.  of  Portugal 
(1185,  1212-1223).  Charles  II.  (le  Gros) 
of  France  (832-8^).  Louis  VI.  (le  Gros) 
of  France  (1078.  1108-1187). 

Edward  Bright  of  Essex  weighed  44 
stone  (616  lbs.)  at  death  (1720-1750). 
David  Lambert  of  Leicester  weifirbed 
above  52  stone  (789  lbs.)  at  death  (1770- 
1809). 

Fat  Boy  {TKe)^  Joseph  or  Joe,  a  lad 
of  astounding  obesity,  whose  emploxment 
consisted  of  alternate  eating  and  sleeping. 
Joe  was  in  the  service  of  Mr.  Wardle. 
He  was  once  known  to  "burst  into  a 
horse  laugh,"  and  was  once  known  to 
defer  eating  to  say  to  Bfary,  **  How  nice 
joa  do  look  I  ** 


—  ——  _  fai  •■  Mlaiiilag  waancr.  aad  was  ao  tag 
m»atykit ;  but  stfll  then  vaa  eMwgb  of  tbe  cannibal  In 
tte  yerats  santkaaMli  ejrea  to  reDder  tbe  conpUmeot 


Fata  Alci'na,  sister  of  Fata  Morga'- 
She  carried  oil  Astolfo  on  tbe  Imck 
of  a  whale  to  her  isle,  but  turned  him 
into  a  myrtle  tree  when  she  tired  of  him. 
— Bojardo,  Orlando  Innamorato  (1495) ; 
Aiioeto,  Orlando  Furioso  (1516). 

Fata  Ar'gea  {*'la  rema  delta  Fata"), 
pcotectress  of  Floridantd. 

Fata  Falsira'na,  an  enchantress  in 
the  AdomS  of  Blarini  (1628). 

Fata  della  Fonti,  an  enchantress, 
Irom  whom  Mandricardo  obtained  the 
arms  of  Hector. — Bojardo,  Orlando  /n- 
(1495). 


Fata  Morga'na,  sister  of  Arthur 
and  pupil  of  Berlin.  She  lived  at  the 
bottom  of  a  lake,  and  dispensed  her 
trMsnres  to  whom  she  willed.  This  fairy 
is  introduced  by  Bojardo  in  his  Orlando 
Iimamorato^  first  as  **  lady  Fortune,"  but 
fubaequently  as  an  enchantress.  In  Tasso 
her  three  daughters  (Morganetta,  Nivetta, 
and  Carvilia)  are  introduced. 

%*  "Fata  Morgana"  is  the  name 
given  to  a  sort  of  mirage  occasionally 
seen  in  the  Straits  of  Hessi'na. 

Fata  S'era  and  Fata  Bianca, 
protectresses  of  Guido'nd  and  Aquilantd. 
— Bojardo,  Orlando  Innamorato  (1495). 

Fata  Silvanella,  an  enchantress  in 
Orlando  Innamorato,  by  Bojardo  (1495). 


Fatal  Curiosity,  an  epilogue  in 
Don  Quixote  (pt.  I.  iv.  5,  6).  The  sub- 
ject of  this  tale  is  the  trial  of  a  wife's 
fidelity.  Anselmo,  a  Florentine  eentle- 
man,  had  married  Camilla,  and  wishing 
to  rejoice  over  her  incorruptible  fidelity, 
induced  his  friend  Lothario  to  put  it  to 
the  test.  The  lady  was  not  trial-proof, 
but  eloped  with  Lothario.  The  end  was 
that  Anselmo  died  of  grief.  Lothario  was 
slain  in  battle,  and  Camilla  died  in  a 
convent  (1605). 

Fatal  Curiosity,  by  George  Lillo. 
Toung  Wilmo^  supposed  to  have  perished 
at  sea,  goes  to  India,  and  having  made 
his  fortune,  returns  to  England.  He 
instantly  visits  Charlotte,  whom  he  finds 
still  faithful  and  devotedly  attached  to 
him,  and  then  in  disguise  visits  his 
parents,  with  whom  he  deposits  a  casket. 
Agnes  Wilmot,  out  of  curiosity,  opens 
the  casket,  and  when  she  discovers  that 
it  contains  jewels,  she  and  her  husband 
resolve  to  murder  the  owner,  and  secure 
tbe  contents  of  the  casket.  Scarcely  have 
they  committed  the  fatal  deed,  when 
Charlotte  enters,  uid  tells  them  it  is  their 
own  son  whom  they  ffave  killed,  where- 
upon old  WiLmot  firsf^  stabs  his  wife  luid 
then  himself.  Thus,  was  the. "  curiosity  " 
of  Agnes  fatal  to  herself,  her  husband, 
and  her  son  (1786). 

Fatal  Dowry  (The),  a  tragedy  by 
Philip  Massinger  (1682).  Rowe  has  bor- 
rowed much  of  his  Air  Penitent  from 
this  drama. 

Fatal  Marriage  (The),  a  tragedy 
by  Thomas  Southeme  ((659-1746).  Isa- 
bella a  nun  marries  Biron  eldest  son  of 
count  Baldwin.  The  count  disinherits 
his  son  for  this  marriage,  and  Biron. 
entering  the  army,  is  sent  to  the  siege  of 
Candy,  where  he  is  seen  to  fall,  and  is 
reported  dead.  Isabella,  reduced  to  the 
utoiost  poverty,  after  seven  years  of 
"widowhood,"  prays  count  Baldwin  to 
help  her  and  do  something  for  her  child, 
but  he  turns  her  out  of  doors.  Yilleroy 
(2  syL)  proposes  marriage  to  her,  and 
her  acceptance  of  him  was  **the  fatal 
marriage,"  for  the  very  next  day  Biron 
returns,  and  is  set  upon  by  ruffians  in  the 
pay  of  his  brother  Carlos,  who  assassinate 
nim.  Carlos  accuses  Yilleroy  of  the 
murder,  but  one  of  tbe  ruffians  impeaches, 
and  Carlos  is  apprehended.  As  for  Isa- 
bella, she  stabs  herself  and  dies. 

Fatee.  The  three  Fatal  Sisters  were 
Clo'tho,  Lachesis  fXoA'.^.sij],  and  At'* 


FATHER— SON. 


»4 


FATHIA. 


ropof.  They  dwelt  in  the  deep  ftl^M  of 
Demogorgon,  "with  nnwearied  nngere 
drawing  out  the  threads  of  life."  Clotho 
held  we  tpindle  or  distaff;  lAchesis 
drew  oat  the  thread ;  and  Atropos  cnt  it 
off. 

iMl  OoUio  hdd  the  rock,  the  whilet  the  tfanad 
By  grla^  L«ch«ila  vaa  spun  vtth  pain. 

That  cruel  Atropoa  •Aaooii  undid. 
With  camd  knife  cutthic  the  tvM  in  twain. 

Spenser.  liiirif  Qmtn,  It.  t  (U06). 

Father — Son.  It  is  a  common  ob- 
BcrviUion  that  a  father  above  the  common 
rate  of  men  has  usually  a  son  below  it. 
Witness  king  John  son  of  Henry  II. ; 
Edward  II.  son  of  Edward  i. ;  Richard  II. 
son  of  the  Black  Prince ;  Henry  VI.  son 
of  Henry  Y. ;  Lord  Chesterfield's  son, 
etc  So  in  French  history :  Louis  YIII. 
was  the  son  of  Philippe  Auguste ;  Charles 
the  Idiot  was  the  son  of  Charles  le  Sage ; 
Henri  II.  of  Francois  I.  Again,  in  Ger- 
man history :  Heinrich  VI.  was  the  son 
of  Barbarossa ;  Albrecht  I.  of  Rudolf ; 
and  BO  on,  in  all  directions.  HeroumfiUi 
noxcs  is  a  Latin  proverb. 

Mjrtnvt. 
lAe  a  Bood  parent.  dU  beget  of  him 
A  fabehood.  In  Ita  oontniy  aa  greal 
As  my  trust  was. 
Shakespeare,  Tht  Ttmpmtt  Mt  L  sc.  9  (1009). 

Father  Suckled  by  His  own 
Dailghter.  Euphrasia,  called  **The 
Grecian  Daughter,"  thus  preserved  the 
life  of  her  father  Evander  in  prison. 
(See  Euphrasia.) 

Xantippe  thus  preserved  the  life  of  her 
father  Cimonos  in  prison. 

Father's  Head  Nursed  by  a 
Daughter  after  Death.  Margaret 
Roper  "clasped  in  her  last  trance  her  mur- 
dered fathers  head."    (See  Dauohtbb.) 

Father  of  His  Country. 

CiCKRO,  who  broke  up  the  Catiline 
conspiracy  (p.c.  106-43). 

%*  The  Romans  offered  the  same  title 
to  Marius  after  his  annihilation  of  the 
TeutdnOs  and  Cimbri,  but  he  would  not 
accept  it. 

Juf.ius  CjtsAR,  after  he  had  quelled 
the  Spanish  insurrection  (o.c.  100-44). 

Augustus,  Pater  atque  Frinceps  (b.c. 
6a-31  to  A.D.  14). 

Cosmo  dr  Mkdici  (1389-1464). 

Anuria  Dorra  ;  called  so  on  his 
•Utue  at  Genoa  (1468-1660). 

Androni'cus  PaljA>l'ogus  assumed 
the  title  (1260-1332). 

Grorok  Wash  inoton,  **  Defender  and 
Paternal  Connseller  of  the  American 
States"  (1782-1799). 


Father  of  the  People. 

Louis   XII.  of   France  (1462,   148B- 

1516). 

Hrsri  rv.  of  France,  "The  Father 
and  Friend  of  the  People**  (1663,  158»- 
1610). 

Louis  IVIII.  of  France  (1766,  1814- 
1824). 

Gabriel  du  Pinkau,  a  French  lawyer 
(1673-1644). 

Christian  III.  of  Denmark  (1503. 
1634-1669). 

*^*  For  other  "Fathers,"  see  nnder 
the  specific  name  or  vocation,  aa  Botakt, 
Literature,  and  so  on. 

Fathers  {Last  of  the),  St.  Bernard 
(1091-1168). 

V  The  "Fathers  of  the  Oiurdi* 
were  followed  by  "  the  Schoolmen." 

Fatherless.  Merlin  never  had  a 
father;  his  mother  was  a  nun,  the 
daughter  of  the  king  of  Dimetia. 

Fathom  {Ferdinand  couni)^  a  villain 
who  robs  his  benefactors,  pillages  any 
one,  and  finally  dies  in  misery  and 
despair. — T.  Smollett,  The  AdvcfUures  of 
Ferdinand  count  Fathom  (1764). 

(The  gang  being  absent,  ui  old  bel- 
dame conveys  the  count  to  a  rude  apart- 
ment to  sleep  in.  Here  he  founa  the 
dead  body  of  a  man  lately  stabbed  and 
concealed  in  some  straw ;  and  the  acccont 
of  his  sensations  during  the  night,  the 
horrid  device  by  which  ne  saved  his  life 
(by  lifting  the  corpse  into  his  own  bed), 
and  his  escape  guided  by  the  hag,  is  ter- 
rifically tragic) 

The  robber-vtiM  In  Um  oU  womanl  hot.  In  Onml 
rhthom,  though  often  Imitated  ilnea.  fdO  reamina  one  at 
the  moit  fauproilvo  nnd  asttaUnsnli^t-iiiaew  of  lu  kind. 
—Eneye.  BrU.,  ArL  "Bonianee.^ 

Fatima,  daughter  of  Mahomet,  and 
one  of  the  four  perfect  women.  The 
other  three  are  Khadijah,  the  prophet's 
first  wife ;  Mar>',  daughter  of  Imr&n ; 
and  Asia,  wife  of  that  Pharaoh  who  was 
drowned  in  the  Red  Sea. 

Fat^vnoy  a  holy  woman  of  Qiina, 
who  lived  a  hermit's  life.  There  was 
"no  one  affected  with  headache  whom 
she  did  not  cure  by  simply  laying  her 
hands  on  them."  An  African  magician 
induced  this  devotee  to  lend  him  her 
clothes  and  stick,  and  to  make  him  the 
fac-simiie  of  herself.  He  then  murdered 
her,  and  got  introduced  into  the  palace  of 
Aladdin.  Aladdin,  beiog  informed  of  the 
trick,  pretended  to  have  a  bad  headache, 
and  when  the  false  Fatima  apptxiached 
imder    the    pretence   of   curing    it,    he 


PATIMA. 


FA210. 


pliiii^«d  A  dftgarar  into  the  heart  of  the 
wgrrieM  and  ulled  him. — Arabicm  NighU 
(«( Aleddin  or  the  Wonderful  Lamp  *"), 

Fcttima^  the  mother  of  prince  Camaral'- 
taman.  Htr  husband  was  Schah'zaman 
sultan  of  the  "  Isle  of  the  Children  of 
Khal'edan,  some  twenty  days'  sail  from 
the  coaiA  of  Persia,  in  the  open  sea.'* — 
Ardbiaoi  Nights  ("  Camaralzaman  and 
Badonra"). 

Fafima,  the  last  of  Blaebeard's  wives. 
9ie  was  sared  from  death  by  the  timely 
arrxval  of  her  brothers  with  a  party  ot 
friends.~G.  Penanlt»  Omtm  dt  F^es 
(1697), 

Patlmiters  sy/.).  The  Third  FaUmite, 
tite  caliph  Hakem  B*amr-ellab,  who 
wufessed  to  be  incarnate  deity,  and  the 
last  pio|dict  who  had  commmiication 
bctireeu  God  and  man.  He  was  the 
fwmdcr  of  the  Druses  {q,v.). 


▼. 


rroa  dcMB  thh  wlaard  ■fcrto  hlmMlf— 
BteiBwHUi.  tiM  TUrd  FAtimltet 


Tk0 


^ih9 


FuloonbridgeCPAi/^),  called  <<the 
^  "  natural  son  of  king  Rkhaxd  I. 
Bobcat  Faulconbridge.  An 
admixture  of  greatness  and 
hmtft  dazing  and  recklessness.  He  was 
fspcrous  and  open-hearted,  but  hated 
Iwdflieis  like  a  tme-bom  islander. — 
Kmg  John  (159^). 


FttOlklaiuL  the  over-anxious  lorer 
of  Julia  IMslvuUL  always  frettinc  and 
tarmentinc  himself  about  ber  whims, 
•pint,  heuth,  life.  Eveij  feature  in  the 
sky,  every  shift  of  the  wind  was  a  source 
of  snxiety  to  him.  If  she  was  gay,  he 
fretted  that  she  should  care  so  little  for 
his  absence ;  if  Ae  was  low-spirited,  he 
feared  she  was  going  to  die ;  if  she 
danced  with  another,  he  was  jealous ;  if 
die  didn*t,  she  was  out  of  sorts. — Sheri- 
dan, ThfliivaU  (1775). 

Fttolt.  **  Faultily  bultiess,  idly 
icrular,  splendidly  nulL*'  Tennyson  so 
docribes  his  <*  Maud.** 

Fault-ba^.  A  fable  says  that  every 
■an  has  a  \mg  hanging  oefore  him  in 
which  he  pots  his  nc^^bours*  faults,  and 
another  behind  him  in  which  he  stows 
his  own* 


Oh  tItaayM  Mold  tarn  yoareyMtovaniitlM  MpMof 
I  tmi  an  lni«rior  airrajr  ulnar  gpoa 
C^i iihtum  act  V-.K  1  (1000). 


IPaxin.  Tennyson  uses  tills  sylvan 
deity  of  the  classics  as  the  symbow  of  a 
dmnkard. 

▲riMUidflr 
Hm  reaUns  Fwm.  tb«  mamal  taat 

Faust,  a  famous  magician  of  the  six- 
teenth century,  a  native  of  Suabia.  A 
rich  uncle  having  left  him  a  fortune, 
Faust  ran  to  every  excess,  and  when  bis 
fortune  was  exhausted,  made  a  pact  with 
the  devil  (who  assumed  the  name  of 
Hephistoph'el^  and  the  appearance  of  a 
little  grey  monk)  that  if  he  might  in- 
dulge his  propoisities  freely  for  twenty- 
four  years,  he  would  at  the  end  of  tfaiat 
period  oonsign  to  the  devil  both  body  and 
soul.  The  compact  terminated  in  1660, 
when  Faust  disappeared.  His  sweetheart 
was  Margheri'ta  [Jfan/arei],  whom  he 
seduced,  and  his  faithful  servuit  was 
Wagner. 

Goeth6  has  a  noble  tragedy  entitled 
Faust  (1798) ;  (rounod  an  opera  called 
Faust  eMarghef%ta{i^9).  (See  Faustus.) 

7aa8tU8  {I>rJ)2  the  same  as  Faust; 

bnt  Marlowe,  in  his  admirable  tragedy, 

makes  the  doctor  sell  himself  to  Lucifer 

and  Mephistdphilis. 

Wb«n  FMHtw  atMidt  on  tba  trink  of  ereriMUof  ratal, 
waiting  for  tba  Utal  moiMnt ...  a  teena  of  wHMinHBf 


Faultless  Painter  (Tht),  Andrea 
del  Saito  (1488-1680).— B.  Browning, 
Andrmdei  Sarto. 


Interwt.  fervid  paaiioa.  and  overwlicliuliig  . 

capchw  tha  ittniwt  bcait.  aad  pfodainM  iba  Bnt  trlmnpa 

of  tba  tngle  post.— B.  Quunban,  MngUih  LUtrmtmrt,  L 

171. 

*/  W.  Bayle  Bernard,  of  Boston, 
U.S.  America,  has  a  tragedy  on  the  same 
subject. 

Favori'ta  {La),  Leonora  de  Guzman, 
"favourite"  of  Alfonzo  XL  of  OuitUe. 
Ferdinando  fell  in  love  with  her ;  and  the 
king,  to  save  himself  from  excommunica- 
tion, sanctioned  the  marriage.  But  when 
Ferdinando  learned  that  Leonora  wss  the 
kinff's  mistress,  he  reiectcd  the  alliance 
with  indication,  and  became  a  monk. 
Leonora  abo  became  a  novice  in  the  same 
monastery,  saw  Ferdinando.  obtained  his 
foigivene'ss,  and  died. — Donizetti,  Xa 
Favorita  (an  opera,  1842). 

Faw  (Tibbie),  the  ostler's  vrife,  in 
Wandering  WUUe's  tale.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Bedgauntlet  (time,  George  111.). 

Faw'nia,  the  lady  beloved  by  Doras- 
tus. — R.  Greene,  Pandosto,  the  Trimnph 
of  Time  (1588). 

*^*  Skakespeare  founded  his  Wmter'B 
Tale  on  Greene's  romance. 

Fazio,  a  Florentine,  who  first  ^ed  to 
make  a  fortune  by  alchemy,  but  being 


FKA. 


FEINAI6LB. 


nimt  when  Bartoldo  died,  he  buried 
me  body  secretly,  aod  itole  tibe  iiiifer*8 
noney-bags.  Being  now  rich,  he  passed 
his  time  with  the  marchioness  Aldabella 
in  licentious  pleasore,  and  his  wife 
Bianca,  out  of  jealousy,  accused  him  to 
the  duke  of  bang  privy  to  Bartoldo*s 
death.  For  this  offence  Fazio  was  con- 
demned to  die ;  and  Bianca,  having  tried 
in  vain  to  save  him,  went  mad  with  grief, 
and  died  of  a  broken  heart. — Dean  Mil- 
man,  Fazio  (1815). 

Fea  (Etmhane),  the  old  housekeeper 
of  the  old  ndaller  at  Burgh-Westra.  (A 
**  ndalltf  **  is  one  who  holds  land  _by 
aUodial  tennre.)— Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
PiraU  (time,  WillUm  III.). 

Fear  Fortress,  nearSaragossa.  An 
allegorical  bo^e  fort,  conjured  np  by 
fear,  which  vanishes  as  it  is  courageously 
approached  and  boldly  besieged. 

ir  a  child  dlmppeand.  or  mof  cattle  war*  carried  oC 
the  frightened  peaanu  add.  "The  lofd  of  Fear  PortreM 
hai  taken  them."  If  a  fire  broke  out  anywhera.  it  wat 
the  ktrd  of  Fear FortrcM  who  must  have  Ut  It  Tbeorlgln 
•raUaccUeiiti.inishaiw,auddiiaitera.  wai  traced  to  the 
myiterioiM  owner  of  thli  invblble  CMtla— L'Spine, 
CntmtmUtdnt,  UL  L 

Fearless  (7^))  Jean  due  de  Bour- 
goigne,  caUed  Sans  Pevur  (1371-1419). 

Feast  of  Beason,  etc. 

There  St  John  nUnglMwiUi  the  Mendljrbowi, 
The  feast  of  reason  aod  the  Sow  of  soul. 
Pope.  Sou,  L  ( "Imltatloiu  of  Horace  '),  127-8  0734). 

Feast— Death.  "Let  us  eat  and 
drink,  for  to-morrow  we  die"  (1  Cor,  xv. 
S2),  in  allusion  to  the  words  spoken  in 
certain  Egyptian  feasts,  when  a  mummy 
or  the  semblance  of  a  dead  body  was 
drawn  in  a  litter  round  the  room  before 
the  assembled  guests,  while  a  herald  cried 
aloud,  **Gaze  nere,  and  drink,  and  be 
merry ;  for  when  you  die,  such  will  you 
be."       (See     Rembmbbr     You     are 

MOBTAU) 

\*  E.  Long  (Academician)  exhibited 
a  painting  (12  feet  by  6  feet)  of  this 
custom,  in  the  Royal  Academy  exhibi- 
tion, 1877. 

Featherhead  {John),  Esq.,  an  op- 

Sonent  of  sir  Thomas  Kittlecourt,  M.P. — 
ir   W.    Scott,   Guy   Mannermg    (time, 
Qeoxge  II.). 

Fee  and  Fairv.  Fee  is  the  more 
general  term,  incluoing  the  latter.  The 
Arabian  Nights  are  not  all  fairy  talcs, 
but  they  are  all  fee  tales  or ''ont''s  desf^fs. 
So  again,  the  Ossianic  tales,  Campbell*s 
Tales  of  the  West  JIighla>*ds,  tne  my- 
thological tales  of  the  Basques,  Irish, 


Scandinavians,    Gennana.  Frenck^    ete^ 
may  all  be  ranged  under  ne  tikii 

Feeble  (Firancis)j  a  woman^s  tailor, 
and  one  of  ue  recruits  of  sir  John  Fal- 
stafl.  Although  a  thin,  starveling  yard- 
wand  of  a  man,  he  expresses  great 
willingness  to  be  drawn.  Sir  John  com- 
pliments him  as  '*  courageous  Feeble,** 
and  aajrs  to  him,  **Thou  wilt  be  as 
valiant  as  the  wrathful  dove,  or  meet 
magnanimous  mouse .  .  .  most  forcible 
Feeble."— Shakespeare,  2  Eenrj/  IV.  act 
ilL  sc.  2  (1698). 

Feeder  (Mr,),  B.A.,  uriier  in  Hie 
school  of  Dr.  Blimber  of  Brighton.  He 
was  "a  kind  oi  human  barrel-organ,  which 
played  only  one  tune."  He  was  in  tho 
nabit  of  sbiaving  his  head  to  keep  it  oooL 
Hr.  Feeder  married  Miss  Blimber,  the 
doctor's  daudbter,  and  succeeded  to  thtt 
school. — C.  Dickens,  Dombey  and  Horn 
(1846). 

Feenix,  nephew  of  the  Hon.  Mrs. 
Skewton  (mother  of  Edith,  Mr.  Dombey*8 
second  wife).  Feenix  was  a  very  eld 
gentleman,  patched  np  to  look  as  mack 
Bke  a  young  fop  as  possible. 


Oonsin  Feenlz  was  a  man  about  town  tattj  jean  acos 
bat  be  li  still  so  Jinreolla  la  flone  and  naaoer  that 
atrugers  are  amaaed  when  thejr  discover  latent  wrinkles 
In  his  hirdsldp's  fhoe.  and  crowi^  feet  In  his  ejres.  But 
eoasin  Feenlz  lettlnt  up  at  half-past  seven,  b  qolte 
another  thing  man  condn  Feenlx  got  lUk— C  "'^— t 
J>ombf  and  Son,  xxzL  (181^ 

Feet  like  Mice. 

Her  feet  beneath  hsr  peCtieaBfe, 
Like  little  mloe  stole  la  and  ovti 
As  if  Uicjr  feared  the  U^t. 
Sir  John  Suckling.  r*«  WwUUmg  (died  1S4J). 

Feignwell  (Colonel),  the  suitor  of 
Anne  Lovely,  an  heiress.  Anne  Lovely 
had  to  obtain  the  consent  of  her  four 
guardians  before  she  could  marry.  One 
was  an  old  bean,  another  a  virtuoso,  a 
third  a  broker  on  Change,  and  the  fourth 
a  canting  quaker.  The  colonel  made  him- 
self agreeable  to  all,  and  carried  off  his 
prize. — Mrs.  Centlivre,  A  Bold  Stroke  for 
a  Wife  (1717). 

Andrew  C%ernr  |17fl9-181)),  His  Snt  charaeter  waa 
*'eolond  Felgnwen,''an arduous  task forabojr of  17:  bath* 
obtained  peat  applaase.  and  the  manager  of  the  shai1i« 
eompany,  after  pasring  maayaaooinluais  OB  his  osertkN^ 
pnaented  bim  vltfi  teapMwa  halfpenny,  as  hit  dI«td«o4 
of  tha  praOti  or  the  BlghTs  p«i)tBaaii«i--ft««F,  ^naa. 


Feinai'gle  (Gregory  de)^  a  German 
mnemonist  (1705-1820).  He  obtained 
some  Buccesa  by  his  aids  to  memory,  but 
in  Paris  he  was  an  object  of  ridicule. 

Hermemorjrwasamhie.  .  . 

For  her  Feinalnla's  waa  a  melea  arL 

^rron.  i>ei»  .Amm.  L  U  (UMI. 


FELIG8. 


FENSLUL 


IPeUoe,  wife  ot  sir  Quj  of  Warwick^ 
Mid  to  hart  '*  tke  same  hi^  forehead  aa 
Venna." 

Felie'ian  (Father),  the  catholic  priest 
and  schoolmaster  of  Grand  PnC,  in  Acadia 
(now  called  Nova  Sootia).  He  accom- 
panied Erangeline  in  part  of  her  wander- 
USB  to  find  Gabriel  her  affianced  hoiiband. 
-XoBgfdlow,  £vangelnte  (1849). 

Felioians  (The),  the  happy  nation. 
The  Feliciana  lire  nnder afree  soTereigntv, 
where  the  laws  are  absolute.  Felicia 
is  the  Frendi  "  Utopia.*'— Mercier  deUt 
VHtMTtMM  Natitm  (1767). 


Feliciano  da  Ehrlva^  don  (^uxote*s 
CiToarite  author.  The  two  following 
extracts  were  in  his  Ofunion  unsnipassed 
and  ansnrpasaable : — 


of  fDor  wmMoiubl* 

■nw onahly  innwitMi   lujr 

lor  niMonlns 


njomr  <BvliiHr  that  Ufb  foo  to  Um 
of  wtii—.  nadw*  70a  daw  ring 


wtkkh  foar  dunni  m  di— niUy  d«enra. 
m  quiaoe*,  L  L  B  (1006). 

Felix,  A  monk  who  listened  to  the 
staging  of  a  milk-white  bird  for  a  hnndred 
▼cars ;  which  len«^  of  time  seemed  to 
aim  **b«it  a  single  honr."  so  enchanted 
was  he  with  the  song. — Longfellow,  The 
GpUem  Legend.     (See  ahK>  Uildeeheim,) 

Felix  (Don),  son  of  don  Lopez.  He 
was  a  Portuguese  nobleman,  in  love  with 
Yiolante ;  but  Yiolante's  father,  don  Pedro, 
iBtended  to  make  her  a  nun.  Donna 
Tiahelht,  harin^fled  from  home  to  avoid 
a  maniafpe  disagreeable  to  her,  took 
lefoge  with  Yiolante ;  and  when  colonel 
Britoo  called  at  the  house  to  see  donna 
Isabella,  her  brother  don  Felix  was 
jealous,  believing  that  Yiolante  was  the 
object  of  his  visits.  Yiolante  kept  "  her 
friend's  secret,**  evoi  at  the  risk  of  losing 
her  lover ;  but  ultimately  the  mystery 
was  cleared  up,  and  a  double  marriage 
took  place. — Mrs.  Centlivre,  ITie  Wowjter 
(1714). 

Feiix  (M.  Mmuchu)f  a  Roman  lawyer, 
who  flourished  a.d.  230;  he  wrote  a 
dklc^ue  entitled  Odavhts,  which  occupies 
a  conspicuous  place  among  the  early 
Apologies  of  Christianity. 

IA» 


La 


VtBx,  dm  baUerad  that  sffl  dainons  bid 
la  tte  HttrUai  [«•<««(].— OoUa,  Ariadnt, 


East   Saxons    (a.d.    604).— Ethelwerd, 
Ckrcmdes,  v. 

So  BuiuDdjr  to  a  three  men  noit  reycad  bare  ... 
or  wfalcb  wai  Pellz  first,  who  In  tb'  iMt  Sunn  rdgn 
OoBTerted  to  the  fidtb  kf  nc  Ogbert    Hbn  again 
loonath  AmeliB ...  and  Hugh  .  .  .  {bUkop<^  lAnettti^ 
Dnurton.  PolpolbUn,  xstn  (ICSt). 

Felixmar'te  (4  syl,)  of  Hyrcania, 
son  of  Flo'risan  and  Martedi'na,  the  hero 
of  a  Spanish  romance  of  chivalry.  The 
curate  in  Den  Qmxote  condemned  this 
work  to  the  flames. — Melchior  de  Orteza, 
Cabailero  de  Ub&ia  (1566). 

Fell  (Dr,).  Tom  Brown,  being  in  dis- 
grace, was  set  by  Dr.  Fell,  dean  of  Christ 
Church  (1625-1686),  to  transhite  the 
thirty-thud  epigram  of  Martial. 

Moo  anw  te,  ZabldL  me  powiim  dloere  q:iiai«  | 
Hocf 


Fefit  (5?.),  of  Burgundy,  who  converted 
Sigbert  (Sigebert  or  Sabert)  king  of  the 


Which  he  rendered  thus : 

I  do  not  HlM  thee.  Dr.  I  _ 
The  Naaon  whjr  I  canaot  ton  I 
Bat  this  I  knov,  and  know  AiD  well, 
1  do  not  like  Uiee,  Dr  FelL 

Felthazn  (Black),  a  hi^nraynum 
with  captain  Cx>lepepper  or  FeppercuU 
rUie  Abatian  bully).— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Fortunes  of  Nigel  (time,  James  I.). 

Fexnines  Savantes  ^Les),  women 
who  go  in  for  women*8  nghts,  science, 
and  pMlosophy,  to  the  neglect  ot 
domestic  duties  and  wifelv  amenities. 
The  *'  blue-stockings  '*are  (1)  Philaminte 
(8  eyl.)  the  mother  of  Henriette,  who 
discharges  one  of  her  servants  because  she 
speaks  £u]  grammar ;  (2)  Armande  (2  ay  I, ) 
sister  of  Henriette,  who  aidvocates  platonie 
love  and  science;  and  (8)  IMlise  sister 
of  Philaminte,  who  sides  with  her  in  aU 
things,  but  imagines  that  evenr  one  is  in 
love  with  her.  Henriette,  who  has  no 
sympathy  with  these  **  lofty  flights,**  is 
in  love  with  Clitandre,  but  Philamintt 
wants  her  to  marry  TriasotiiL  a  bel  esprit. 
However,  the  fa&er  loses  his  property 
through  the  "  savant  **  proclivities  of  his 
wife,  Trissotin  retires,  and  Clitandre 
marries  Henriette  the  ** perfect"  or 
thorough  woman. — Moli^re,  Les  Femmes 
Savantes  (1672). 

Fenella,  alias  Zarah  (daughter  of 
Edward  Christian),  a  pretended  deaf  and 
dumb  fiiiry-like  attendant  on  the  counters 
of  Derby.  The  character  seems  to  h^ve 
been  suggested  by  that  of  Mignon,  the 
Italian  girl  in  Goethe's  Wilhelm  Jleister's 
Apprenticeship, — Sir  W.  Scott,  Peverii  of 
the  Peak  (time,  Charles  11.). 

Let  it  be  UMeaut  HwanU,  and  I  will  appear  ai "  VMMOa." 
— Perqr  FlfaqtenUd.  Parvmut,  FumUg.  IB.  SSj 


FENELLA. 


FERGUS. 


FhngUOf  a  deaf  and  dumb  girl,  sister 
of  Masaniello  the  fisherman.  She  was 
sedaced  bj  Alfonso,  son  of  the  duke  of 
Arcos;  and  Masaniello  resolved  to  kill 
him.  He  accordingly  headed  an  insur- 
rection, and  met  with  such  great  success 
that  the  mob  made  him  chidE  magis^nto 
of  I*ortIci,  but  afterwards  shot  him. 
Fenclla,  on  hearing  of  her  brother's  death, 
threw  herself  into  the  crater  oi  Vesuvius. 
— Attber,  MaaanieUo  (an  opera,  1831). 

Fenrir,  the  demon  wolf  of  Niflheim. 
When  he  gapes  one  jaw  tondiea  the  earth 
and  the  ouer  heaven.  This  monster  will 
swallow  up  Odin  at  the  day  of  doom. 
(Often  but  incorrectlv  written  Fxhbis.) — 
ScaiuHnomian  Mythology, 

Fenton.  the  lover  of  Anne  Page, 
daughter  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Page,  genue- 
folks  living  at  Windsor.    Feuton  is  of 

good  birth,  and  seeks  to  marry  a  fortune 
)  "  heal  his  poverty."  In  **  sweet  Anne 
Page"  he  soon  discovers  that  which 
makes  him  love  her  for  herself  more  than 
for  her  moner — Shakespeare,  Merry 
WwMof  Windsor,  act  iii.  sc  4  (1601). 

Ferad-Artho,  son  of  Cairbre,  and 
•nly  sun'iving  descendant  of  the  line  of 
Conar  (the  first  king  of  Ireland).  On 
the  death  of  Cathmor  (brother  of  the 
rebel  Cairbar)  in  battle,  Ferad-Artho  was 
placed  b}'  Fingal  on  the  throne  as  **  king 
of  Ireland."  The  race  was  thus:  (1) 
Conar  (a  Caledonian)  ;  (2)  0>nnac  I.,  his 
son  ;  (S)  Cairbre,  his  son ;  (4)  Artho,  his 
son  ;  (5)  €k)nnac  II.,  his  son  (a  minor)  ; 
(S)  Ferad-Aitho,  ms  cousin. — Ossian, 
TemorOy  vii. 

Fer'amorz,  the  yoxmg  Cashmerian 
poet  who  relates  poetical  tales  to  Lalla 
Kookh  on  her  joumev  from  Delhi  to 
lesser  Bucharla.  Lalla  is  going  to  be 
married  to  the  young  sultan,  but  falls  in 
love  with  the  poet.  On  the  wedding 
mom  she  is  led  to  her  bridegroom,  and 
finds  with  unspeakable  jov  that  the  poet 
is  the  sultan  himself. — ^T.  Moore,  Jjolla 
Mookh  (1817). 

Ferda,  son  of  Damman,  chief  of  a 
hundred  hills  in  Albion.  Ferda  was  the 
friend  of  CuthuUin  general  of  the  Irish 
forces  in  the  time  of  king  Cormac  I. 
Deugala  (spouse  of  Cairbar)  loved  the 
youth,  and  told  her  husband  if  he  would 
not  divide  the  herd  she  would  no  longer 
live  witlxhim.  Cuthullin,  being  appointed 
to  make  the  division,  enraged  tne  lady  by 
assigning  a  snow-white  bull  to  the 
husband,   whereupon    Deugala  induced 


her  lover  to  challeng«  Onthollin  to  mortal 
combat.  Most  unwillingly  the  two 
friends  fought,  and  Ferda  fell.  "The 
sunbeam  of  battle  fell — the  first  of 
Cuthullin's  friends.  Unhappy  \yuU%Gky'\ 
is  the  hand  of  CuthuUin  since  the  hero 
feU."~Ossian,  Fingal,  iL 

Ferdinand,  king  of  Navarre.  H« 
agreed  with  three  young  lords  to  •pend 
three  years  in  severe  study,  during  wnich 
time  no  woman  was  to  approach  his 
court ;  but  no  sooner  was  the  agreement 
made  than  he  fell  in  love  wiUi  the 
princess  of  France.  In  consequcnco  of 
the  death  of  her  father,  the  lady  deferred 
the  marriage  for  twelve  months  and  m 
day. 

. .  .ttienlelBlMrilor 
Oralp«rltettoiMUiat  %wanma9vw[mm\ 
M>trhlMt  Nrnvarra. 

Ftr'dmafid,  son  of  Alonso  king  of 
Naples.  He  falls  in  love  with  Miranda, 
daughter  of  Proepero  the  exiled  duke 
of  Milan.— Shakespeare,  Tha  Tempos 
(1609). 

HmItw 
MbMdOT^  boptkad  pMwA  r«nBiiMMl 
Voam  «•  Um  iHut  vavt  tossd  kin  oa  the  diora. 

LowA 

Ferdimani,  a  fiery  young  Spaniard,  in 
love  vritfa  Lflonora.---JephMO,  JW*  Si$img9 
to  your  Bow  (1792). 

Ferdinand  {Don),  the  son  of  don 
Jerome  of  Seville,  in  love  with  CHara 
d*Almanza^daughter  of  don  Guzman. — 
Sheridan,  The  Jhumna  (1773). 

Ferdinan'do,  a  brave  soldier  who, 
having  won  the  battle  of  Tari'fa,  in  1840, 
was  created  count  of  Zamo'ra  and  maraids 
of  Montreal.  The  king,  Alfonzo  XL, 
knowing  his  love  for  Leonora  de  Ousman, 
gave  him  the  bride  in  marriage ;  but  no 
sooner  was  this  done  than  Ferdinando 
discovered  that  she  was  the  king's 
mistress,  so  he  at  once  repudiated  her, 
restored  his  ranks  and  honours  to  the 
king,  and  retired  to  the  monastery  of  St. 
James  de  Compostella.  Leonora  entered 
the  same  monastery  as  a  novice,  obtained 
the  pardon  of  Ferdinando,  and  died. — 
Donizetti,  La  Favort^ta  (1842). 

Fergus,  fourth  bon  of  Finni,  and 
the  only  one  that  had  issue  at  thedeath  of 
hisfother.  Ossian,  the  eldest  brother^ had 
a  son  named  Oscar,  but  Oscar  was  slain  at 
a  feast  by  Cairbar  ''  lord  of  Atha ; "  and 
of  the  other  two  brothers,  Fillan  was  slain 
before  he  had  mamed,  and  Ryno,  thongli 
married,  died  without  issae. 


PEBGUS. 


FRSRARDO. 


Aceofding  to  txttdition,  Pergnt  (mm  «f 
Fm|F«l)  wa«  the  father  of  Congal ;  Coiu^l 
of  Arcath;  and  Arcath  of  Fergus  n., 
with  wbom  begins  the  real  history  of  the 


Fergus,  son  of  Rossa,  a  brave  hero  in 
tbe  annj  of  Cathollin  general  of  the 
Irish  tribes. 


L 


tsmof 


Fer'gm  is  another  form  of  FerrSgus  or 
Femunite,  the  Portuguese  giant.  (See 
Fbsbacutb.) 

Fern,  (^imy),  tito  pseudonym  of  Sarah 
Fayson  Willis,  afteruxurds  Eldredge, 
afterwards  Farmington,  afterwards  Par- 
ton,  sister  of  N.  P.  Willis,  an  American 
(1811-1872). 

Fbm  (  WZU),  a  poor  fellow  who,  being 
foimd  wc^  m  a  shed,  is  brought  before 
alderman  C^te.  He  says  emphatically 
"be  must  be  pot  down."  The  poor 
fellow  takes  charge  of  his  brother's  child, 
aad  is  both  honest  and  kind,  btzt,  alas  1 
he  dared  to  fall  asleep  in  a  shed,  an 
•ficnoe  wfaidi  most  be  ^*  pat  down.^ — C. 
Dickeos,  Tks  Chimes^  third  quarter 
(1844). 

Feman  Caballero,  the  pseudonym 
ef  CeetKa  BSbl  de  Faber,  a  Spanish 
MTditt  (1797-1877). 

Fernando,  son  of  John  of  Proclda, 
sad  husband  erf  Isoline  (3  syl,)  daughter 
9i  the  Fveneh  governor  of  llessina.  The 
bntdicfy  of  the  Sicilian  Yespeis  occurred 
the  ni^^  after  their  espousals.  Fernando 
was  anK>ng  the  slain,  and  Isoline  died  of 
a  broken  heart. — S.  Knowles,  John  of 
(1840), 


Ftrmmdo  (Ikny,  youngest  son  of  the 
duke  Ricardo.  Gay,  handsome,  generous, 
and  polite ;  but  faithless  to  his  fnend  Car- 
demo,  for,  contrary  to  the  lady's  inclina- 
tion, and  in  violanon  of  every  principle 
at  hononr,  he  prevailed  <»i  Ludnda's 
Cither  to  break  off  the  betrothal  between 
h»  daughter  and  Gardenio,  and  to  bestow 
the  lady  on  himself.  On  the  wedding 
day  Laonda  was  in  a  swoon,  and  a  letter 
ionmned.  the  bridegroom  that  she  was 
manied  already  to  Cardenio ;  she  then  left 
the  house  privately,  and  retired  to  a  con- 
vent. Don  Fernando,  having  entered  the 
onivent,  carried  her  off,  but  stopping  at 
an  inn,  found  then  Dorothea  his  wife, 
with  Cardenio  the  husband  of  Lncinda,  and 
the  two  partieB  paired  off  with  tilieir  re- 


spective spouses.— Cervantes,  IhmQwim^ 
I.  iv.  (1606). 

Feman'do,  a  Venetian  captain,  servant 
to  Annophel  (daughter  of  the  governor  of 
Candy).— Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  Tks 
Laws  of  Candy  (1647). 

/^^^^'(^[FlorestaiO,  aState  prisoner 
of  Seville,  married  to  Leonora,  who  (in 
boy's  attire  and  under  the  name  of  Fidelio) 
became  the  servant  of  Rocco  the  jailer. 
Pizarro,  governor  of  the  jail,  conceived  a 
hatred  to  the  State  prisoner,  and  resolved 
to  murder  him,  so  Rocco  and  Leonora 
were  sent  to  dig  his  grave.  The  arrival 
of  the  minister  of  state  put  an  end  to  the 
infamous  design,  and  Fernando  was  set 
at  liberty.— Beethoven,  I^ddio  (1791). 

Femey  {The  Patriarch  of),  Voltaire ; 
so  called  because  he  lived  m  retirement 
at  Femey,  near  Geneva  (1694-1778). 

Ferqixhard  Day,  the  absentee  from 
the  clan  Chattan  at  the  combat— Sir  W. 
Scott,  Fair  Maid  of  Ferth  (tfane,  Henry 

*  V  tj9 

Fer^raofUte,  a  giant  who  had  the 
strength  of  forty  men,  and  was  thirty-six 
feet  high.  He  was  slain  by  Orlando, 
who  wounded  him  in  the  navel,  his  only 
vulnerable  part.— Turpin,  Chronicle  of 
Charlemagne,  ^ 

♦,♦  Ferracnte'  is  the  prototype  of 
Pulci's  "Morgante,"  in  his  heroi-comic 
poem  entitled  Morgante  Maggiore  (1494). 

Fer'ra^^UB,  the  Portuguese  giant,  who 
took  Bellisaat  under  bis  care  after  her 
divorce  from  Alexander  emperor  of  Con- 
stantinople.—Fo/en^mtf  ana  Orson  (fif- 
teenth century). 

lb  lire'h  tidl  fcrm  might  gnM  tiia  part 
or  FerxasM  or  AaaiMit. 

SfrW.  Seott. 

Fer'ramond  (Sir),  a  knight,  whott 
lady-love  was  Lucida, 

Ferrand  de  Vaudemont  (Count), 
due  de  Lorraine,  son  of  Rene'  king  of 
Provence.  He  first  appears  disguised  as 
Laurence  Neipperg.— ISir  W.  Scott,  Anne 
of  Geierstem  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Ferrardo  [Gonzaoa],  reigning  duke 
of  Mantua  in  the  absence  of  his  cousin 
Leonardo.  He  was  a  villain,  and  tried  to 
prove  Mariana  (the  bride  of  Leonardo) 
guilty  of  adultery.  His  scheme  was  this : 
He  made  Julian  St.  Pierre  drunk  with 
drugged  wine,  and  in  his  sleep  conveyed 
him  to  the  duke's  bed,  throwing  his  scarf 
under  the  bed  of  the  duchess,  which  was 
in  an  adjoining  chamber.    He  then  re-. 


FKHRAU. 


FIDEUO. 


▼ealed  tbeae  proofs  of  guilt  to  his  consiii 
Leonardo,  but  Leonardo  refused  to  believe 
in  his  trife's  guilt,  and  Julian  St.  Pierre 
exposed  the  whole  scheme  of  villainy, 
amply  vindicating  the  innocence  of 
Mariana,  who  turned  out  to  be  Julian's 
sister.— S.  Knowles,  The  Wife  (1833). 

Ferrau,  a  Saracen,  son  of  Landfu'sa. 
Having  dropped  his  helmet  in  a  river,  he 
vowed  never  to  wear  another  till  he  won 
that  worn  by  Orlando.  Orlando  slew  him 
by  a  wound  in  the  navel,  his  only  vul- 
nerable part— Ariosto,  Orlando  Furioao 
(1516). 

Ferraugh  (Sir),  introduced  in  bk.  ilL 
8,  but  without  a  name,  as  carrying  off 
the  false  Florimel  from  Braegidoocio. 
In  bk.  iv.  2,  the  name  is  given.  He 
is  there  overthrown  by  sir  Blanda- 
mour,  who  takes  away  with  him  the  false 
Florimel,  the  lady  of  snow  and  wax. — 
Spenser,  Fagr]/  Queen  (1590,  1596). 

Ferret,  an  avaricious,  mean-spirited 
slanderer,  who  blasts  by  innuendoes,  and 
blights  by  hints  and  cautions.  He  hates 
young  Heartall,  and  misinterprets  all  his 
generous  acts,  attributing  his  oenevolence 
to  hush-money.  The  rascal  is  at  last 
found  out  and  foiled.— Cherry,  ITie 
Soidier's  Daughter  (1804). 

Ferrex,  eldest  son  of  (jorboduc  a 
legendary  king  of  Britain.  Being  driven 
by  his  brother  Porrex  from  the  kingdom, 
he  returned  with  a  larg^  urmy,  but  was 
defeated  and  slain  by  Porrex.— (Tor&Exfuc, 
a  tragedy  by  Thom.  Norton  and  Thorn. 
SackvUle  (1561). 

Fetnab  ("  tormentor  of  hearW),  the 
favourite  of  the  caliph  Haronn-al-Raschid. 
While  the  caliph  was  absent  in  his  wars, 
Zobeidd  (8  syL).  the  calipb*s  wife,  out  of 
jealousy,  ordered  Fetnab  to  be  buried  alive. 
Ganem  happened  accidentally  to  see  the 
interment,  rescued  her,  and  took  her 
home  to  his  own  private  lodgings  in 
Bagdad.  The  caliph^  on  his  return, 
mourned  for  Fetnab  as  dead  ^  but  receiving 
from  her  a  letter  of  explanation,  he  became 
jealous  of  Ganem,  and  orderea  him  to  be 
put  to  death.  Ganem,  however,  contrived 
to  escape.  When  the  Bt  of  jealousy  was 
over,  the  caliph  heard  the  fitcts  plainly 
stated,  whereupon  he  released  Fetnal^ 
gave  her  in  marriage  to  Ganem,  and 
appointed  the  young  man  to  a  very  lucra- 
tive post  about  the  court.— ulra6ianAi^A<<  . 
('*  Ganem,  the  Slave  of  Love  *'). 

Fe'son*  daughter  of  Savary  duke  of 


Aqnitaine.  The  Green  Knight,  who 
a  pagan,  demanded  her  in  marriage,  but 
Orson  (brother  of  Valentine),  called  "The 
Wild  Man  of  the  Forest,"  overthrew 
the  pagan  and  married  Fezon. —  Valeniine 
and  Orson  (fifteenth  century). 

Fiammetta,  a  ladv  beloved  bv  Boc^ 
caccio,  supposed  to  be  Maria,  daughter  of 
Robert  king  of  Naples.  (See  Lovsas.) 
(Italian, ykmma,  "a  little  flame.**) 

Fib,  an  attendant  on  queen  Mab. — 
Dia3rion,  Nymphidia, 

Fiotion.  Father  of  Modem  Prom 
FMion,  Daniel  Defoe  (1663-1731). 

Fiddler  (Oliver^ t).  Sir  Roger  TEs- 
trange  was  so  calle<L  because  at  tMie  time 
he  was  playing  a  fiddle  or  viole  in  the 
house  of  John  Hingston,  where  Crom- 
well was  one  of  the  guests  (1616-1704). 

Fiddler  Jose,  Mr.  Joseph  Poole,  a 
reformed  drunkard,  who  subsequently 
turned  preacher  in  London,  but  retained 
his  former  sobriquet. 

Fiddler's  Green,  the  Elysium  et 
sailors;  a  land  flowing  with  rum  and 
limeiuice;  a  land  of  perpetual  music, 
mirth,  dancing,  drinking,  and  tobacco ;  a 
sort  of  Dixie's  Land  or  hind  of  the  leaL 

Fidele  (8  ^/.},  the  name  assumed  by 
Imogen,  when,  attired  in  boy*s  clothes,  she 
started  for  Milford  Haven  to  meet  her 
husband  Posthttmus.— Shakespeare,  Qna- 
beline  (1605). 

%*  GoUins  has  a  be«itifnl  elegy  ea 
"  Fidele.- 

Fidelia,  "  the  foundling."  She  is 
in  reality  Harriet,  the  daughter  of  sir 
Charles  Raymond,  but  her  mother  dyin^f 
in  childbirth,  she  was  committed  to  the 
charge  of  a  ^vemante.  The  govemante 
sold  the  child,  at  the  age  of  12,  to  oae 
Yilliard,  and  then  wrote  to  sir  Charles 
to  say  that  she  was  dead.  One  night, 
Charles  Belmont,  passing  by,  heard  cries 
of  distress,  and  going  to  the  rescue  took 
the  giri  home  as  a  companion  to  his 
sister.  He  fell  in  love  with  her;  the 
govemante,  on  her  death-bed,  told  the 
story  of  her  infamy ;  and  Charles  married 
the  foundling.— Ed.  Moore,  The  /bisid/mg 
(1748).  ^ 

Fidelio,  Leono'ra,  wife  of  Fernanda 
Florestan.  She  assumed  the  name  of 
Fidelio,  and  dressed  in  male  attire  whcji 
her  husband  was  a  State  prisoner,  tiiat  she 
might  enter  the   service  of  Rocco  ths 


FIDES. 


881 


FIELDING'S  PBOTERBS. 


j«aler,   and   hold   inteicoarae   with   her 
haabuuL— Beethoren,  Ftddio  (1791). 


.  (2  Jy/.)i  mother  of  John  of 
Leydieii.  Believing  that  the  prophet- 
ruler  of  Wettphidia  had  caused  her  son's 
death,  ahe  went  to  Mnnster  to  cnree  him. 
Seeing  the  ruler  pass,  sh^  recognized  in 
him  her  own  stm ;  but  the  son  pretended 
Boi  to  know  his  mother,  and  Fidds,  to 
save  him  annoyance,  professed  to  hare 
made  a  mistake,  ^le  was  put  into  a 
dnngeon,  where  John  visited  her,  and  when 
he  set  fire  to  his  palace,  Fid6s  rushed  into 
the  flames,  and  both  perished  together. — 
Meyerbeer,  U  Propkete  (1849). 

Pidoaaa,  ttie  companion  of  Sansfoy ; 
bat  when  the  Bed  Cross  Knight  slew  that 
**tsithleaa  Samcen,'*  Fideasa  told  him  she 
vaa  the  only  dan^ter  of  an  emperor  of 
Italy;  that  she  was  betrothed  to  a  rich 
sad  wise  king ;  and  tiiat  her  b^rothed 
being  slain,  she  had  set  forth  to  find  the 
body,  in  order  that  she  mijriit  decently 
inter  it.  She  said  that  in  ner  wander- 
inp  Sansfoy  had  met  her  and  com- 
pelled her  to  be  his  companion ;  but  she 
thanked  the  knight  for  having  come  to 
her  reacne.  The  Red  Cross  Knight, 
wholly  deluded  by  this  plausible  Ule, 
sasnred  FSdesaa  of  his  sympathy  and  pro- 
teetioo ;  but  she  turned  oat  to  6e  Dnessa, 
the  daughter  of  Falsehood  and  Shame. 
The  Mqud  must  be  sooght  under  the 
woid  DvsasA. — Spenser,  Fairy  QiMm, 
i  3  (IfiM). 

Pi'do,  Paitii  personified,  the  foster-son 
ef  AeW  ('*heannr,**  Rotn.  x.  17);  his 
foster-sister  is  Meditation.  Fully  de- 
scribed in  canto  ix.  of  Ute  PwrpU  Itiamd 
(1933),  by  Phineas  Fletcher.  (LAtin, 
Ih^s,  •«  fiikh.") 

Field  of  Blood,  Aceldama,  the 
plot  of  land  pnrdiased  by  the  thirty 
pieces  of  silver  which  Judas  had  receired 
tA  the  hi^  priest,  and  which  he  threw 
down  in  the  Temple  when  he  saw  that 
Jesos  was  condemned  to  death. — Mait^ 
xxviL  6. 

Field  of  Blood,  the  battle-field  of 
Canne,  wnere  Hannibal,  b.o.  216,  de- 
feated the  Romsnw  with  very  great 
slaagfatcc* 

Fleld>  of  Mourning,  a  battle-field 
near  the  city  of  Arsgon.  The  battle  was 
foo^  July  17,  1134,  between  the 
Chnsrisns  and  the  Moors. 

Fiekl  of  Peterloo,  the  site  of  an 
attack  made  by  the  military  upon  a  reform 


meeting  held  in  St.  Peter's  Field, 
Chester,  August  16,  1819.  As  many  aa 
60,000  persons  were  wounded  in  this 
absurd  attack.  The  word  is  a  burlesqna 
on  Waterloo. 


BfcttlM  and  Mooddted.  Jeptmrnbtr  mi— rfw.  lirliliM  of 
Lodl,  ratmiti  of  Uoaeow,  Wiuertoot.  Petorkxw,  tan-pound 
•ad  guUlotln«.-<M]rlt^ 


Field  of  the  Cloth  of  Gold,  a 
laree  plain  between  Ardres  and  Guisnes 
[(jrAdga],  where  Francois  I.  interviewed 
Henry  VlII.  m  1620. 


Hm^  dMkr.  M  n  J^'V^j^  pwiBMilqn   flf  cafaniNgr- 


0««ep«n  dUEan  frooi  Tha 


of  tiM  Clolb  of  Oold.— 


Field  of  the  Forty  Footsteps, 
at  the  back  of  the  British  Museum,  once 
called  Southampton  Fields.  The  tra- 
dition is  that  two  brothers,  in  the  Mon- 
mouth rebellion,  took  different  sides,  and 
ensraffed  each  other  in  fi^ht.  Both  were 
kified,  uid  forty  impressions  of  their  feet 
were  traceable  in  the  field  for  years 
afterwards. 

*«*  The  Misses  Porter  wrote  a  novel 
called  TAs  Field  of  the  Forty  Fbotttepa, 
and  the  Messrs.  Mayhew  took  the  same 
subject  for  a  melodrama. 

Fieldinf  {Mr*,),  a  little  querulous 
old  lady  with  a  peevish  face,  who,  in  con- 
sequence of  having  once  been  better  off, 
or  of  labouring  under  the  impression  that 
she  might  have  been  if  something  in  the 
indigo  trade  had  happened  difrerently, 
was  verv  genteel  and  patronizing  indeed. 
When  she  dressed  for  a  party,  uie  wore 
gloves,  and  a  cap  of  state  **  almost  as 
tall  and  quite  as  stiff  as  a  mitre.** 

May  Fielding,  her  daughter,  very  pretty 
and  mnocent.  She  was  engaged  to 
Edward  Plummer,  but  heard  tmtt  he  had 
died  in  South  America,  and  consented 
to  marry  Tackleton  the  toy  merchant.  A 
few  days  before  the  day  fixed  for  the 
wedding,  Edward  Plummer  returned,  and 
they  were  married.  Tackleton  gave  them 
as  a  present  the  cake  be  bad  ordered 
for  his  own  wedding  feast. — C.  Dickens, 
The  Cricket  on  the  Hearth  (1845). 

Fielding  of  the  Drama,  George 
Farquhar,  author  of  TheBeanuf  Stratagenu 
etc.  (1678-1707). 

Fielding's  Proverbs.  These  were 
in  realitv  compiled  by  W.  Henry  Ireland, 
the  Shakespeare  impostor,  who  published 
Miacellaneous  Papers  and  Instruments, 
nnder  the  hand  and  seal  of  William 
Shakespeare,  including  the  tragedy  of  King 
Lear  and  a  small  jragmeHS  of  JuamiOf 


FISRABRAS. 


882 


FIU(WJUE. 


the  original,  1796,  foUo,  £4  4s.    Tat 
viiole  a  barefaced  forgery. 

Fierabreis  {Sir)  [Fe.d'.ra.brah'],  a 
flaiacen  of  Spam,  who  made  himself 
master  of  Rome,  and  canied  awaj  the 
crown  of  thorns  and  the  balsam  with 
which  the  Lord  had  been  embkUned.  Hia 
chief  exploit  was  to  slay  Uie  auat  who 
piarded  the  bridge  of  Mantible,  which 
had  thirty  arches,  all  of  black  marble. 
Bal'and  of  Spain  assumed  the  name  of  sir 
Fierabras. 

Baisam  of  FierabnUy  the  balsam  need 
in  embalming  the  body  of  Christ,  stolen 
by  sir  Fierabras.  It  possessed  such  vir- 
tues that  one  single  drop,  taken  inter- 
nally, sufficed  to  heal  the  most  malignant 
wound. 

Fierabras  of  Alexandria,  the 
flreatest  giant  that  eyer  walked  the  earth. 
He  possessed  all  Babylon,  even  to  the 
Red  Sea,  was  seigneur  of  Russia,  lord  of 
Cologne,  master  of  Jerusalem,  and  of  the 
Holy  Sepulchre.  This  huge  |nant  ended 
his  days  in  the  odour  of  sanctity,  **  meek 
as  a  hunb,  and  humble  as  he  was  meek.** 

Fierce  (The),  Alexander  I.  of  Scot- 
land. So  called  from  the  impt^osity  of 
hia  temper  (*,  1107-1124). 

Fiesoo,  the  chief  character  of  Schiller's 
tragedy  so  called.  The  poet  makes  Fiesco 
killed  by  the  hand  of  Verri'na  the  repub- 
lican ;  but  history  says  his  death  was  the 
result  of  a  stumble  from  a  plank  (1788). 

Fie  Sunday,  Palm  Sunday.  So 
callea  from  the  custom  of  eati^  figs  on 
this  day,  as  snapdragons  on  Christmas 
Eve,  plum-pudding  on  Christmas  Day, 
oranges  and  barley  sugar  on  St.  Valen- 
tine's Eve,  pancakes  on  Shrove  Tuesday, 
salt  cod-fisn  on  Asli  Wednesday,  fru- 
menty on  Mothering  Sunday  (Mid-lent), 
cross-buns  on  Good  Friday,  gooseberry 
tart  on  Whit  Sunday,  goose  on  Michael- 
mas Day,  nuts  on  All-Hallows,  and  so  on. 

Fi£:8  of  Holvan.  Holvan  is  a 
stream  of  Persia,  and  the  Persians  say 
its  figs  are  not  be  equalled  in  the  whole 
world. 

Lncloaa  u  the  flp  of  HoItbb. 

SMdI.  auUttan  (thirtMoUi  eanlanr). 

Fig'aro,  a  barber  of  extraordinary 
cunning,  dexterity,  and  intrigue. — Beau- 
marchais,  Barbier  de  Sdrnile  (1776). 

IWarOf  a  valet,  who  outwits  everv  ona 
by  his  dexterity  and  cunning. — Beau- 
■archajs,  Manage  de  Figaro  (1784). 

%*  Several  operas  have  been  founded  j 


on  these  two  comedies:  e^.  HosartTfl 
Noxze  di  Figaro  (1786) ;  PaisieUo's  11 
Barbiere  di  Siviglia  (1810) :  Rossini's  Jl 
Barbiere  di  Siviglia  (1816). 

Fig'aro,  the  sweetheart  of  Susan 
(favourite  waiting-woman  of  the  countess 
Almaviva).  Figaro  is  never  so  happy  as 
when  he  has  two  or  three  plots  in  hand. — 
T.  Holcroft,  The  FoUiet  of  a  Day  (1745- 
1809).  '' 

Fights  and   Buns  Away  (Me 

that).  ^ 

He  that  fl«bti  sad  runs  avajr 
Miqr  Hre  to  Sgbt  another  dari 
Butb*  Uiat  b  In  batUa  ddn 
Okd  nevor  rto  to  fight  asaln. 
Sir  John  Mamta^  if iiwaia  MUelm  (MSS>. 

*«*  Demosthen^,  being  reproachod  for 
running  away  from  the  cattle  ot  Gtuo- 
ronSa,  replied,  ii*ht>  ^  ^h*^  i^  w6\t*  m«- 
x^cTM  (»« a  man  who  runs  away  may  fight 
again**). 

Hmm  that  Ij  maj 
Whkhba 


narrr  do  thafs 

a  BuUar,  MuaUtn»,ULi(mB^ 

Fighting  Prelate  (Th^,  Henry 
Spencer,  bishop  of  Norwich.  He  opposed 
the  rebels  under  Wat  Tvler  with  the  tem- 
poral sword,  absolved  them,  and  then  sent 
them  to  the  gibbet  In  1888  he  went  to 
assist  the  burghers  of  Ghent  in  their  con- 
test with  the  count  of  Flanders. 


Tba  bUiop  of  Monrleh.  tha  .„ .  . 

lata^"  had  led  an  aimr  Into  HandML— Lonl  OampbalL 

Filoh,  a  lad  brought  up  as  a  pick- 
pocket Mrs.  Peachum  says,  <*He  bath 
as  fine  a  hand  at  pickixkg  a  pocket  as  a 
woman,  and  is  as  nimbM-fingered  as  a 
juggler.  If  an  unlucky  session  does  not 
cut  the  rope  of  thy  life,  I  pronounce,  boy, 
thou  wilt  be  a  great  man  in  history  ^ 
(act  i.  1).— Gay,  The  Beggar's  Opera 
(1727).  ^^        ^ 

Filer,  a  lean,  dinrlish  man,  who 
takes  poor  Toby  Yeck's  tripe,  and  delivers 
him  a  homily  on  the  sinfulness  of  luxury 
and  self-indulgence.— €•  Dickens,  Th^ 
Chimes  (1844). 

Filia  Doloro'sa,  the  duchessa 
d*Angoul6me,  daughter  of  Louis  XYI. 
Also  called  **The  Modem  Antig'ond" 
(177»-1861). 

Filio-que,  the  following  knotty 
point  of  theological  controversy  between 
Uie  Eastern  and  Western  Churches : — Does 
the  Holy  Ghost  proceed  from  the  Father 
and  the  Son  (filio-<)ue),  or  from  the  Father 
only.  Of  course,  in  the  Nicene  Otetd  in 
the  Book  of  Oonwum  Prayer^  tha  qnestioa 


FILLAN. 


FIKGAU 


m  settled  ao  far  as  the  Chnrdi  of  England 


Fillan«  sob  of  Fingal  and  datho,  the 
nost  h^ilv  finiflhed    character   in   the 
poem  Of   i'emfora,     Fillao  was  younger 
than  his  nephew  Oscar,  and  does  not  appear 
on  the  seoie  till  after  Oscar's  death.    He 
is  rash  and  fierj,  eager  for  military  glory, 
and  hmve  as  a  lion.    When  Fingal  ap- 
pointed Gaol  to  eommand  for  the  day, 
rillan   had    hoped    his   father's   choice 
■igfat  have  fallen  to  his  own  lot.    **  On 
his  spear  stood  the  son  of  Clatho  .  .  . 
titxke  he  raised  his  eyes  to  Fingal ;  his 
Toiee  thrice  failed  him  as  he  spoke  •  .  . 
He  strode  away;   bent   orer  a  distant 
stream  .  .  •  the  tear  hnng  in  his  eye. 
He  struck  at  times  the  thistle's  head  with 
Us  inverted  spear.**    Yet  showed  he  no 
iealoosy,  for  whsn  Gaul  was  in  danger, 
he  risked  his  own  life  to  save  him.    Next 
^y  was  FilLan's  turn  to  lead,  and  his 
deeds  were  imiivaUed  in  dash  and  bril- 
hancy.    He  slew  Foldath,  the  general  of 
the  opposing  Amy,  bat  when  Gathmor 
**lord  of  Atha,"  the  commander-in-chief, 
esse    against    him,    Fillan   feU.      His 
sodesty  was  then  as  prominent  as  his 
kaTery .     **  Lay  me,"  he  said  to  Ossian, 
"in  that  hollow  rock.    Baise  no  stone 
shore  dm  ...  I  am  fallen  in  the  first 
«f  my  fields,    fallen  without  renown.** 
Emy  incident  of  Fillan's  life  is  beantifnl 
in  Ae  extreme. — Ossian,  Temora,  r. 

Ffllpot  <  7*069),  a  thirs^  old  soul, 
who  **  among  jolly  topers  bore  off  the 
Wn.**  U  chanced  as  in  dof-da^s  he  sat 
bsswing  in  his  arbour,  that  he  died  **fall 
as  big  as  a  Dorchester  butt."  His  body 
taned  to  elay,  and  out  of  the  clay  a 
Wown  jxut  was  made,  sacred  to  friend* 
shap,  mtru,  and  mild  ale. 


ovt  In  ItM  cowt  wi 
of  lift  Tobf  he  fonwd  tfcii  bcwvn  Jofr 
to  MmnhUp.  to  aiiflh.  and  mild  abu 
a*  hm's  ••  m^iaftbtmttt  Km  of  the  Tale. 

krr.  Francto  Fswkes  (1731-1777). 

%*  The  two  best  drinking  songs  in  the 
laagsage  were  both  by  clergymen.  The 
siher  is,  /  OamU  Eat  but  Little  Meat, 
br  John  Still,  bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells 
(i64a-i607). 

Filome'na  {Santa),  At  Pisa  the 
church  of  San  Francisco  contains  a  chapel 
lately  dedicated  to  Santa  Filomena.  Over 
the  altar  is  a  pictuie  by  Sabatelli,  which 
pepnsents  Filomena  as  a  nymph-like 
floating  down  from  heaven,  at- 
bj  two  angels  bearing  the  lily, 


the  palm,  and  a  javelin.  In  the  fore- 
ground are  the  sick  and  maimed,  healed 
by  her  intercession. 

Nor  rrcr  ttrnU  1m  VMrttaic  Imn 
HmmIbi.  Um  IDjr.  and  tbaipMri 
The jnrmbob  that  of  yon 

«»  LoofMlof^,  Mk  JVMnMHk 

•,•  Lon^ellow  calls  Florence  Nightin- 
gale '* St.  Filomena"  (bom  at  Florence, 
1820). 

Finality  John,  lord  John  Russell 
(afterwards  **  earl  Russell  **),  who  main- 
tained that  the  Reform  Bill  of  1832  was  a 
finalUy  (1792-1878). 

ITinch  {Margaret),  queen  of  tiie 
ffipsies,  who  died  aged  109,  a.d.  1740. 
She  was  bom  at  Sutton,  in  Kent,  and  was 
buried  at  Beckenham,  in  the  same  county. 

Fine-ear,  one  of  the  seven  attend- 
ants of  Fortunio.  He  could  hear  the 
crass  grow,  and  even  the  wool  on  a 
sheep's  back. — C^mtesse  D'Aunoy,  Fairy 
Tales  ("  Fortunio,"  1682). 

%*  In  Grimm's  Goblitu  is  the  same 
fairy  tale  ("Fortunio"). 

Fin'etor,  a  necromancer,  father  of 
the  Enchantress  Damsel. — Yasco  de  Lo- 
beira,  AmacKt  de  QanU  (thirteenth  cen- 
tury). 

Finetta,  «*the  cinder  girl,"  a  fairy 
tale  by  the  comtesse  D'Aunoy  (1G82). 
This  is  merely  the  old  tale  of  Cinderella 
slightly  altered.  Finetta  was  the  voungcst 
of  three  princesses,  despised  by  them,  and 
pfut  to  all  sorts  of  menial  work.  The  two 
sisters  went  to  balls,  and  left  Finetta  at 
home  in  charge  of  the  house.  One  day 
she  found  a  gold  key,  which  opened  a 
wardrobe  full  of  most  excellent  dresses : 
so,  arraying  herself  in  one,  she  followed 
her  sisters  to  the  ball,  but  she  was  so  fine 
that  they  knew  her  not,  and  die  ran 
home  before  them.  This  occurred  two 
or  three  times,  but  at  last,  in  running 
home,  she  lost  one  of  her  slippers.  The 
young  prince  resolved  to  marry  her  alone 
whose  foot  fitted  the  slipper,  and  Finetta 
became  his  wife.  Finetta  was  also  called 
Auricula  or  **  Fine-ear." 

Fineal  (or  Fion  na  Gael), 

WiB^ther  was  Comhal  or  Combal,  and 
his  mother  Moma. 

(Comhal  was  the  son  of  Trathal  king 
of  Murven,  and  Moma  was  the  damrbter 
of  Thaddu.) 

His  first  wife  was  Roscrana,  mother  of 
Ossian.    His  second  was  Olathoi 
of  Fillan,  etc. 


FIN6AL. 


884 


FIR-BOLG. 


(BoacfBna  was  the  danghter  of  Comuio 
L  third  king  of  IreUnd.) 

His  daughter  was  Bosmi'na,  and  his 
mms  Ossian,  Fillan,  Ryno,  and  Fergus. 
(The  son  of  Ossian  was  Oscar.) 

(Fillan  was  younger  than  his  nephew 
Oscar,  and  both,  together  with  Kyno, 
were  slain  in  battle  before  Fingal  died.) 

His  bard  and  herald  was  UlUn.  His 
noord  Luno,  so  called  from  its  maker, 
Luno  of  Lochlin  {Denmark), 

His  kingdom  was  Morven  {tJm  ncrih- 
west  coast  of  Scotland) ;  his  capital  Semo  ; 
his  stAjects  were  Caledonians  or  Gaels. 

After  the  restoration  of  Feiad-Artho  to 
the  throne  of  Ireland,  Finnl  "  resigned 
his  spear  to  Ossian,**  and  ne  died  ▲.&. 
283. 

Ftngalf  an  epie  in  six  books,  by 
Ossian.  The  subject  is  the  invasion  of 
Ireland  by  Swaran  king  of  Lochlin  (Den- 
tnark)  during  the  reign  of  Cormac  II. 
(a  minor),  and  its  delirerance  by  the  aid 
of  Fineal  king  of  Morven  (north-icest 
coast  of  Scotland),  The  poem  opens  with 
the  overthrow  of  Cnthulhn  general  of  tiie 
Irish  forces,  and  concluoes  with  the 
return  of  Swanm  to  his  own  land. 

Finger.  **  Little  fin^^r  tell  me 
true.'*  iVhen  M.  Argan  wishes  to  pump 
his  little  daughter  Louison,  respecting  a 
young  gentleman  who  pays  attentions  to 
her  elder  sister,  he  says  to  Uie  child, 
'*  Prenez-y  bien  garde  an  moins ;  car 
voilk  un  petit  doigt,  qui  sait  tout,  qui  me 
dira  si  vous  mentez.**  When  the  child 
has  told  him  all  she  knows,  he  puts  his 
little  finger  to  his  ear  and  says^  **  Voilk 
mon  petit  doigt  pourtant  qui  gronde 
quelone  chose.  Attendez.  H^!  Ah, 
ah  I  Qui  ?  Oh,  oh !  voilk  mon  petit  doigt, 
qui  me  dit  quclque  chose  que  vous  avcz 
vn  et  que  vous  ne  ro'avez  pas  dit.** 
To  which  the  child  replies,  *'Ah!  mon 
papa,  votre  petit  doigt  est  un  menteur.** 
— Moli^re,  Le  Malade  Itnaginatret  ii.  11 
(1678). 

Fingers.  In  chiromancy  we  give  the 
thwnb  to  Venus,  the  fore-finger  to  Jove, 
the  middie  finger  to  Saturn,  the  ring 
finger  to  Sol,  and  the  little  finger  to  Mer- 
cury.— Ben  Jonson,  The  Alchemist,  i.  2 
(1610). 

Finis  Polonifld.  These  words  are  at- 
tributed (but  without  sufficient  authority) 
to  Koscziusko  the  Pole,  when  he  lay 
wounded  by  the  balls  of  Suwaroff^ 
troops  on  the  field  of  Maciejowieze 
(October  10, 1794). 


Polonia."— Micbaod,  MtfrmpM*  rwJwi  wf f »«. 

FinlajTBon  (Luckie),  landlady  of  tli« 
lodgings  in  the  Canongate  of  Edin- 
burgh.— Sir  W.  Scott,  UMy  Mannermg 
(time,  George  II.). 

Fin'niston  (Z>iMam),  a  tenant  of  tlie 
laird  of  Gudgeonford. 

Luckie  fhmiston,  wif^  of  Duncan. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Ony  Mamnering  (time,  (Seorge 

11. ^a 

Fion  (son  of  Omnal),  an  enormous 

S'ant,  who  could  place  one  foot  on  mount 
romleach,  in  Ulster,  and  the  other  on 
mount  Crommal  close  by,  and  then  dip 
his  hand  in  the  river  Lubar,  which  imn 
between. 

WHh  OM  fSoot  on  tke 

OoailMeh, 
The  watan  of  tho  Inkar 


Fiona,  a  series  of  traditionary  old 
Irish  poems  on  the  subject  of  Fion 
M*Comnal  and  the  heroes  connected  with 
him. 

Fionnuala^  daughter  of  Lir.  Bttnsr 

transformed  into  a  swan,  she  was  doomea 
to  wander  over  the  lakes  and  rivers  of 
Ireland  till  the  Irish  became  Christiana, 
but  the  sound  of  the  first  mass  bell  in  tfas 
island  was  to  be  the  signal  of  her  release. 
ttkBt.  O  Moylo,  be  tke  roer  of  ttaj  water  [t 

WbOa  nmnntDliif  movnAiUjr  Llr^  kmelr 

Taib  to  the  ni^tHrtar  ktr  tale  of  woet. 
When  ihall  the  "Swan."  her  death-note  ■ii«b«. 

Sleep  with  wbifi  In  dvlmea  ftiriedt 
When  will  heaten.  lie  tweet  "beU 


OeU  tea  qiirit  from  this  stomy  worM? 
T.  M ooceT/HA  MtioMm,  It.  ("The  Sot« of 

Fips  {Mr,)f  a  sedate,  mysterious  per- 
sonage, living  in  an  office  in  Austin  Friais 
(London).  He  is  employed  by  some  un- 
known benefactor  (either  John  Westlock 
or  old  Martin  Chuzzlewit)  to  engage  Tom 
Pinch  at  a  weekly  salary  as  librarian  to 
the  Temple  Library. — C.  Dickens,  Marim 
Chmxteunt  (1844). 

Fir-bolg  (t.0.  botcmen,  from  bolg^  **  s 
quiver"),  a  colony  of  Belgtefrom  Bntaiii, 
led  by  Larthon  to  Ireland  and  settled  in 
the  southern  parts  of  the  island.  Their 
chief  was  called  "lord  of  Atfaa**  (s 
country  of  Connaught),  and  thence  Ire- 
land was  cared  Bofga.  Somewhat  later 
a  colony  of  Caledonians  from  the  western 
coast  of  Scotland  settled  in  the  northern 

Earts  of  Ireland,  and  made  Ulster  their 
ead-quarters.  When Crot2ia was  "lord 
of  Atha*'  he  carried  off  ConUuns 
(daughter  of  the  Cael  chief)  Vy  foro% 


FIBB  A  GOOD  SERYANT,  RTC.      886 


nsH. 


and  a  generml  war  between  the  two  races 
caaned.  The  Gael  were  reduced  to  the 
laai  extnmitj,  and  sent  to  Trathal  (grand- 
fkiber  of  Fingal)  for  aid.  Trathal  ao- 
cffffdmgH'  sent  orer  Conar  with  an  army, 
end  OB  ma  reaching  Ulster  he  was  made 
**  king  of  the  Gael**  by  acclamation.  He 
ntterly  snbdoed  the  Fir-bolg,  and  assumed 
the  tale  of  "king  of  Ireland  ;**  bat  the 
Fir-bolg  often  rose  in  insurrection,  and 
made  many  attempts  to  expel  the  race  of 
Conar. — Owan. 

mre  a  Good  8eryaat»  but  Bad 


Vor  Si«  aad  iMoptedo*  b  tkh  ■»«, 
~      ~  ^  both  mum 


0SM-lSa8)w 

of   France    (The)^ 
of  France 


John  dnke  of  Bedford,  regent 
(tf8»-14a5). 


'  The  Fk»-taand  of  Pkaneas." 


a  fire  which  flies  in 
the  nighty  like  a'dragon.  Metaphorically 
it  Beans  a  spitfire,  an  irritable,  passionate 

tUnk  th«  Ir^drake  to  Iw  a  nirtt  that 

•flfrm  it  to 


but  phflywaplww 

>^ —  itkw  iiiSHnod  bMtwMo  two 

kot  aad  tbeothcr  eoM.  whicb  bttMNMim 

part  .  .  .  bdng  mater 

Um  a  beBle.  amftM  two 

a,' 


ue,   bran-new   (bremian, 
"to  bora,"  brene, " shining "). 

T«v  feMov  MM9  or  howMT  b  aarao  eomot. 
BhrtwiMr^  iii*Brtf  ///.  act  L  ».  1  (MB7V 

Rrons  Bchah,  son  and  heir  of  the 
kiB|;  ui  Persia.  One  New  Year's  Day  an 
fakdm  brought  to  the  king  an  enchanted 
horse,  which  would  convey  the  rider 
almost  instantaneously  Mi3rwhere  he 
B^ght  wish  to  go  to ;  and  asked,  as  the 
pnce  thereof,  tne  king's  daughter  for  his 
wife.  Prince  Firouz,  mounting  the  horse 
to  tij  it,  was  carried  to  Bengal,  and  there 
fcfl  m  love  with  the  princess,  who  accom- 
praied  him  back  to  Persia  on  the  horse. 
When  tibe  king  saw  his  son  arrive  safe 
and  sound,  he  dismissed  the  Indian  dis- 
eoBiteomly;  but  the  Indian  caught  up 
t^e  piintesa,  and,  momiting  the  horse, 
conveyed  her  to  Cashmere.  She  was 
rescued  by  the  snltan  of  Cashmere,  who 
oit  off  the  Indian's  head,  and  proposed 
marriage  himself  to  the  princess.  To 
avoid  this  alliance,  the  princess  pretended 
to  be  nuul.  The  sultan  sent  for  his  physi- 
dsaa,  but  they  could  suggest  no  cure. 
Ai  length  came  one  who  promised  to  cure 
the  lady;  it  was  prince  Firons  in  disguise. 


He  told  the  sultan  that  the  princess  had 
contracted  enchantment  from  the  horse, 
and  must  be  set  on  it  to  disenchuit  her. 
Accordingly,  she  was  set  on  the  horse, 
and  while  Firouz  caused  a  thick  cloud  of 
smoke  to  arise,  he  mounted  with  the  lady 
through  the  air,  saying  as  he  did  S0| 
'*  Sultan  of  Cashmere,  when  you  would 
espouse  a  princess  who  craves  your  pro- 
tection, first  learn  to  obtain  her  consent.** 
^Arabian  NighU  (**The  Enchanted 
Horse  "). 

First  Qentlemaa  of  Surope. 
George  lY.  (1762,  1820-1880). 

Louis  d'Artois  of  France  was  so  called 
also. 

IW**  Fint  OMrthnMoi  or  ■oropo*  hai  not  yaC  «Blta 
~  Tataa,  CWtti  Mm.  xvfl. 


Mi 

First  Grenadier  of  Franoe. 
Latour  d*Auverge  waa  so  called  by  Na- 
poleon (1748-1800). 

First  liove,  a  comedy  by  Richard 
Chimberland  (1796).  Frederick  Mowbray's 
first  love,  being  dowerless,  marries  the 
wealthy  lord  Ruoy,  who  soon  dies,  leaving 
all  his  fortune  to  his  widow.  In  the  mean 
time,  Frederick  goes  abroad,  and  at  Padua 
fttlis  in  with  Sabina  Rosny,  who  nurses 
him  through  a  severe  sickness,  for  which 
he  thinks  he  is  bound  in  honour  to  marrv 
her.  She  comes  with  him  to  England, 
uid  is  placed  under  the  charge  of  lady 
Ruby.  Sabina  tells  lady  Ruby  she  can- 
not marry  Frederick,  because  die  is  mar- 
ried already  to  lord  Sensitive,  and  even 
if  it  were  not  so,  she  could  not  marry 
him,  for  all  his  affections  are  with  lady 
Rubv ;  this  she  discovered  in  the  delirium 
of  the  young  man,  when  his  whole  talk 
was  about  her  ladyship.  In  the  end,  lord 
Sensitive  avows  himself  the  husband  of 
Sabina,  and  Frederick  marries  his  first 
love. 

Fish  (One-^yedjf  in  the  mere  of  Snow- 
donia  or  the  Snowdon  group. 

SnowdoB  •  .  .  aiipiopflf  mare  did  note  •  •  . 
Ibat  pool  bi  vhicb  .  .  .  tha  ooa-»ad  fkk  aro  ftamd. 
DnjrtMi.  Pofptmom,  fat.  (ISU). 

Fiah,    AWs  fish  that  cometh  to  my  net, 

lITi  Ml  Umjt  fat,  that  eooMtb  to  aat 

T.  I^Mir.  FUt  Bumdrmt  FfAnta^a«9d 
Mutbtmdrt,  aadv.  (1NP7). 

AI  b  flriia  thateooMtb  to  tha  nat 

a  ckuooigDai  rA«  autu  etv  (diad  uttv 

Be  eatt  no  fishy  that   is,   "he  is  no 

Kpist,"  **he  is  an  honest  man,  or  one  to 
trusted."  In  the  reign  of  queen  Eliza- 
beth papists  wore  the  enemies  of  tho 
Government,  and  hence  one  who  did  not 
oat  fisk,  like  a  papist,  on  fkst  days  wad 


FI8H  AND  THE  RING. 


as6 


FIVE  wrra. 


Muidered  a  protesUnti  and  friend  to  the 

QoTemment. 

Idoprotan  .  .  .  to  MTW  bla  tralr  that  wU  pot  ma  bi 
tniat .  .  .  aod  to  aat  do  flih.— ^hakaqiaartb  "(W  X^OTt 
MtLK.4a«M). 

Fish  and  the  Bing. 

1.  Polycr&t^,  being  too  fortunate,  was 
advised  to  cast  away  Bomethin|;  he  most 
highly  prized,  and  threw  into  the  sea  an 
engraved  gem  of  great  value.  A  few 
days  afterwards  a  fish  came  to  his  table, 
and  in  it  was  this  veiy  gem. — Berodotui, 
ui.  40. 

2.  A  certain  qseen,  having  formed  am 
illicit  attachment  to  a  soldier,  gave  him  a 
ring  which  had  been  the  present  of  her 
husband.  The  king,  being  apprized  there- 
of. ^  possession  of  the  nng  while  the 
soldier  was  asleep,  threw  it  into  the  sea, 
and  then  asked  his  queen  to  bring  it  him. 
In  great  alarm,  she  went  to  St.  ^ntigem 
and  told  him  everything.  The  saint  went 
to  the  Clyde,  caught  a  salmon  with  the 
ring  in  its  mouth,  and  gave  it  to  tiie 
queen,  who  thus  saved  her  character  and 
her  husband.  This  legend  is  told  about 
the  Glasgow  arms. 

8.  The  arms  of  dame  Rebecca  Berry, 
wife  of  sir  Thomas  Elton,  Stratford-le- 
Bow,  to  be  seen  at  St.  Dunstan's  Church, 
Stepney.  The  tale  is  that  a  knight,  hear- 
ing the  cries  of  a  woman  in  labour,  knew 
that  the  infant  was  destined  to  become 
his  wife.  He  tried  to  elude  his  destiny, 
and,  when  the  infant  had  grown  to  woman- 
hood, threw  a  ring  into  the  sea,  command- 
ing the  damsel  never  to  see  his  face  again 
till  she  could  produce  the  ring  which  he 
had  cast  away.  In  a  few  days  a  cod-fish 
was  caught,  and  the  ring  was  found  in  its 
month.  The  young  woman  producing  the 
ring,  the  mamage  was  duly  consummated. 
'•"Momanoe  of  Ixmdon. 

Fisher  {Jialph),  assistant  of  Roland 
Gneme,  at  Avcnel  Castle. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
ne  Abbot  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Fits-Boo'dle  {Gwrp€),tL  pseudonym 
assumed  by  Thackeray  in  Phudr*t  Magon 
zme  (1811-186d). 

Fits-Folke  {Htibe  duchess  of)^  a 
**  graciooSp  graceftd,  graceless  grace " 
(canto  XVI.  49),  staving  with  lord  and 
lady  Amundeville  (4  «y/.),  while  don 
Juan  **(^e  Russian  envoy"  was  their 
guest.  Don  Juan  fancied  he  saw  in  the 
night  the  apparition  of  a  monk,  which 
produced  sucn  ui  effect  on  his  looks  and 
behaviour  as  to  excite  attention.  When 
the  cause  of  his  perturbation  was  known, 
lady  Adeline  sang  to  him  a  tale  purport- 


ing to  explain  the  apparition ;  but  ** 
froHc  grace'*  at  night  personated  ihm 
ghost  to  CMry  on  ue  joke.  She  was, 
however,  discovered  by  don  Juan,  who 
was  resolved  to  penetrate  the  mystery. 
With  this  discovery  the  sixteentk  aad 
last  book  of  Jhm  Jman  eads. — ^Byron,  Dom 
Jmm  (1824). 

Fitsurse  (Lord  Waldemar)^  a  baron 
in  the  suite  of  prince  John  of  Anjou 
(brother  of  Richard  Cosur  de  lion).— ^ir 
W.  Scott,  Ivanhoe  (time,  Richard  1.). 

Five,  says  P^^thagoras,  ''has  peculiar 
force  in  expiations.  It  is  everything. 
It  stops  the  power  of  poisons,  Mid  is  re- 
doubted by  evil  spirits.  Uni^  or  the 
monad  is  deity,  or  the  first  cause  ci  ail 
things — the  good  principle.  Two  or  the 
dyad  is  the  symbol  of  (uversity — the  «otf 
principle.  Three  or  the  triad  contains 
the  mystery  of  mysteries,  for  everything 
is  composed  of  three  substances.  It  re- 
presents God,  the  soul  of  the  world,  and 
the  spirit  of  man.  Five  u  2+8,  or  the 
combination  of  the  first  of  Uie  equals 
and  the  first  of  the  unequals,  hence  also 
the  combination  of  the  good  and  evil 
powers  iji  nature.** — Pythagoras,  On  the 
Pentad. 

Five  Kings  of  Fraaoe,  the  five 
directors  (1796). 

Tha  flvaklnti«r 
tkelr  flcib-aaloiirad 

Five  Fointa  of  Doctatoe  {The)  i 

(1)  Predestination  or  particular  election  ; 

(2)  Irresistible  grace ;  (8)  Original  sin  or 
the  total  depravity  of  the  natural  man  ; 
(4)  Particular  redemption ;  and  (5)  Ilie 
final  perseverance  of  the  saints.  The  Cal- 
vinists  believe  the  afllrmative  of  all  these 
five  points. 

Five-potind  Note.  De  Quincy 
tried  in  vain  to  raise  the  loan  of  half  a 
crown  on  the  security  of  a  five-pound 
note. 

Five  WitB  (TV):  common  wIL 
imagination,  fantasy,  estimation,  and 
memory. 

1.  Qmmon  wit  is  that  inward  sense 
which  judges  what  the  five  senses  simply 
discern:  uus  the  eye  sees,  the  noae 
smells,  tlie  ear  hears,  and  so  on,  but  it 
is  **  common  wit  *'  that  informs  the  brain 
and  passes  judgment  on  the  goodness  or 
badness  of  these  external  matters.      ^ 

2.  Jmoffination  works  on  the  mad, 
causing  it  to  rsalise  what  has  been  pie- 
sentedtoit. 


iKte 
and 


FLACCUS. 


887 


FLATTERER. 


8l  Famtny  VMXf^tm  the  mind  to  act  in 
•ee<»rdaDoe  with  the  judgment  thus  pro- 


4.  Estimation  deeides  on  all  mattera 
iiercaining  to  time,  space,  locality,  re- 
lation, ami  so  on. 

5.  Memory  enables  the  mind  to  retain 
the  recollection  of  what  h%s  been  imparted. 


!  af«  Um  Sw  «f  tti  ruwoyrug  Inwardly— 
Flm  "OooMKio  Wlito.' and  OMn  ••  Yi 


**  P^Btaw- "  mmI  *■  latlaittkm  "  tnwlr. 
Ami  -TTiifj,'' 


Flaocua»  Horace  the  Roman  poet, 
whow  fnll  name  was  Qointos  Uorttius 
FUecas  (b.c.  65-^). 

Fladdock  (General)^  a  frien^  of  the 
Korris  family  in  America,  and,  like  them, 
devoted  to  titles  and  aristocracy .^/. 
Dickens,  Martin  Chnzslewit  (1844). 

Flags. 

Baxters  of  saints  and  ima^  are 
smaller  than  standards,  and  not  sbt  at  the 
extremi^. 

Bojfai  Bmmert  contain  the  royal  coat 
of  arms. 

Baitxerols,  banners  of  great  width; 
tfaer  represent  alliances  and  descent. 

^ETcyoxs,  smaller  than  standards. 
They  are  roonded  at  the  extremity  and 
diaiq^red  with  arms. 

pBXsiiJi,  small  flags  shaped  like  the 
▼Bocs  whidi  sturmoont  pinnacles. 

Stavdakda,  nmch  larger  and  longer 
than  banners. 

lie  Bo^  British  SUmdard  has  three 
nd  and  one  blue  quarter.  The  first  and 
third  quarters  contain  three  leoparded 
bona,  thft  secmd  quarter  the  thistle  of 
Scotland,  and  the  fourth  the  harp  of 
IceUnd. 

*«*  The  Onion  Jack  is  a  blue  flag  with 
6tree  united  crosses  extending  to  the  ex- 
treme edgeft :  (1)  St.  Geoige^  cross  (red 
on  white)  for  EngUnd ;  (2)  St.  Andrew's 
croee  (whtte  on  biue)  for  Scotland :  (8)  St. 
Fstrick^s  cross  (red  on  white)  for  Ireland. 
In  aD  odier  flags  containing  the  **  Union 
Jack,**  the  Jade  is  confined  to  the  first 
%aarter  or  a  part  thereof. 

Flain'berge  (2  syL)^  the  sword  which 
Ifaapa  took  from  Anthe'nor  the  Saracen 
admiral,  when  he  attacked  the  eastle  of 
Griande  la  Fdie.  The  sword  was  made 
W  Weyland,  the  Scandinavian  Vulcan. — 
Mmtanoe  of  Mamgis  dAygrtmont  et  de 
winiaM  son  Frert, 


TlamboroiiKli  {8olomon\  farmer. 
A  talkatire  nei^bour  of  Dr.  Primrose, 
near  of  Wakefield.  Moses  Primrose 
ooa  of  his  dau^^iteni. 


Th$  Misses  Flamboroughf  daogfaten  of 
the  farmer.  Their  homeliness  contrasts 
well  with  the  flasher  pretenders  to  fashion 
introduced  by  squire  ThomhilL— Gold- 
smith, Vicar  of  Wakefield  (1766). 

Flame  (Lord)^  Johnson  the  jester 
and  dramatist,  author  of  Hurlo-Thrwnbo^ 
an  extravaganza  (1729). 

Flammer  (The  Hon,  Mr,  Frisk)^  a 
Cantab,  nephew  to  lord  Totteri^r.  He  is 
a  young  eoitleman  with  a  vivid  imagina- 
tion, small  income,  and  large  debts. — C 
Selby,  The  Unfinished  Gentleman, 

Flammook  (Wilkin),  a  Flemish 
soldier  and  burgess  at  the  castle  of  Garde 
Dolooreuse. 

Bose  or  Boschen  Ftanunock,  daughter  of 
Wilkin  Flammock,  and  attendant  on  lady 
Eveline.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Betrothed 
(time,  Henry  11.). 

Flanders  (Moll),  a  woman  of  extra- 
ordinary beauty,  bom  in  Old  Bailey. 
She  was  twelve  years  a  harlot,  five  years 
a  wife,  twelve  years  a  thief,  and  ei«^t 
years  a  convict  in  Virginia;  but  ulti- 
mately she  became  rich,  lived  honestly, 
and  died  a  penitent  in  the  reign  of  Charles 
II.— Defoe,  TUFortuMs  of  Moll  Flanders. 

Fla8h(  Captain)  ,a  blustering,  cowardly 
braggart,  **alwavs  talking  of  fighting 
and  wars.**  In  the  Flanders  war  he  pre- 
tended to  be  shot,  sneaked  off  into  a 
ditch,  and  thence  to  England.  When 
captain  Loveit  met  him  paying  court  to 
Miss  Biddy  Bellaw,  he  commanded  the 
blustering  coward  to  **  deliver  up  his 
sword,**  and  added : 

*•  Learathhhoiw.  cfaanti  tha  colocrof  yoprdoOw  aad 
Siwnwwi  of  yoar  loohi ;  appear  tnm  lop  In  to*  tbe 
wiaich.  Um  my  match  thou  art  r—D.Garrkk.  MU»*m 
Htr  Tmm  (I7S3). 

Heiirjr  Woodward  [1717-17771  was  ttia  b«t  "Copper 
Ckptaia."  "oaptaln  FUdi."  aad"Boteda"  of  hk  dmr«— 
C.  UsUa.  Uf*9f  B/ggmMLt. 

%♦  "Copper Captain**  vaBrOea  Wife 
and  Have  a  Wife  (Beaumont  and  Flet- 
cher) ;  **  Bobadil  **  in  £very  Man  in  His 
Humour  (B.  Jonscm). 

Flat  SimpUoity.  "The  flat  sim- 
^city  of  that  reply  was  admirable.'* — 
CoUev  Cibber,  The  Crooked  Husband,  L  1 
(1728). 

Flatterer.  The  Romans  called  a 
flatterer  "a  Vitellius,"   from    Vitellius 

J  resident  of  Syria,  who  worshipped 
ehovah  in  Jerusalem,  and  Calig'ula  in 
Rome.  -  Tacitus  says  of  him :  "  Exemplar 
apnd  posteros  aduli^rii  habetur*'  (Annals^ 
VI.  32). 

Id^m  [iHMfNtM]  ariri  taaiolaado  tafmUi  friMi  CL 
aiw.-arl  ut  daiUD  laeHtaii.    thwriBlw  rMO^  f 


FLAVIUS. 


888 


FUBBEKTIGIBBm*. 


Tla'viUB^  the  faithful,  honest  steward 
of  Timon  the  mtiuhater. — Shakespeare, 
TmuM  of  Athens  (1600). 

Fle'anoe  (2  syL)^  son  of  Banqno. 
After  the  assassinaJtion  of  his  father  he 
escaped  to  Wales,  where  he  married  the 
daughter  of  the  reigning  prince,  and  had 
a  son  named  Walter.  This  Walter  after- 
wards became  lord  high  steward  of  Scot- 
land, and  called  himself  Walter  the 
Steward.  From  him  proceeded  in  a  direct 
line  the  Stuarts  of  Scotland,  a  royal  line 
which  gAve  ifames  VI.  of  Scotland  and 
I.  of  England. — Shakespeare,  Macbeth 
(1606). 

(Of  course,  this  must  not  be  looked  on 
as  history.  Historically,  there  was  no 
such  person  as  Banquo,  and  therefore  this 
descent  from  Fleance  is  mere  fable.) 

Flecknoe  (Richard),  poet-laureate  to 
Charles  11.,  antnor  of  dramas,  poems,  and 
other  works.  As  <^  poet,  his  name  stuids 
on  a  level  with  Bavins  and  Hcvius. 
Dryden  says  of  him : 

...  he  ralgned  without  dfamle 
Tbnf  aU  the  rwlnn  «  nonaenM  alaoiiiia. 

DnrdcQ,  M'Fliicnot  (IflS^ 

(It  was  not  Flecknoe  but  Shadwell  that 
Diyden  wished  to  castigate  in  this  satire. 
The  oflfence  was  that  Dryden  was  re- 
moved from  the  post  of  laureate,  and 
Shadwell  appointed  in  his  place.  The 
angry  ex-laureate  says,  with  more  point 
than  truth,  that  *'  Shadwell  never  deviates 
into  sense.**) 

FledgeHby  (2  sv/.),  an  over-reaching, 
cowardly  sneak,  who  conceals  his  dirty 
bill-broking  under  the  trade-name  of 
Pubsey  and  Co.  He  is  soundlv  thrashed 
by  Alfred  Lammle,  and  quietly  pockets 
the  affront. — C  Dickens,  Our  MutueU 
Friend  (1864). 

Fleeoe  of  €k>ld  (Order  of  the),  in- 
stituted in  1480,  by  Philippe  de  Bour- 
gogne,  sumamed  Le  Bon, 

StaMy  duiua.  like  qoMM  KMaotiM.  knliliti  who  bon  dM 
riwctoCGoliL 

longWlpw.  Bti^Mt  ¥  Bmpm. 

Fleecebum'pkin  (8  ty/.),  bailiff 
of  Mr.  Ireby,  the  country  squire.---Sir  W. 
Scott,  The  TvDo  Drovers  (time,  George 
111.). 

Fleece'em  {Mrs,),  meant  for  Mrs. 
Kudd,  a  smuggler,  thief,  milliner,  match- 
maker, and  procuress.— Sam.  Foote,  The 
Cozeners, 

Fleetwood  or  The  New  Man  of 
Fseimg,  the  hero  of  a  novel  so  named  by 
W.  Godwin  (1805). 


Fleming  (Archdeacon)^  the  clergy 
man  to  whom  old  MegMurdochson  made 
her  confession. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Heart  of 
Midlothian  (time,  George  II.). 

Fleming  (Sir  Malcolm),  a  former 
suitor  of  lady  Marguet  de  Hautlien. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  CasUe  Dangerous  (time, 
Henry  I.). 

flemxng  {Lady  Mary),  one  of  the 
maids  of  honour  to  Mary  queen  of  Scots. 
—Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Abbot  (time,  Eliza- 
beth). 

Fleming  (Rose),  niece  of  Mrs.  Maylie. 
Rose  marries  her  cousin  Harry  Maylie. 

8b«  «M  pMt  17.  Owt  la  w  rilgiiC  and  nqobfte  a 
moold,  w  rnUd  and  s">U«.  w  port  and  beaotlral.  that 
earth  eMOMd  not  ber  aleiBMit,  not  iti  rou^  ( 


flt  oompaolona.  .The  rttf  InteUlmncB  that  riionc  la  her 
deep  bioe  eye  .  .  .  wemed  MarcMy .  .  .  oftbewwM.  and 
jret  Um  cfaanstng  ezpreaioB  of  tweetBev  and  tood-hiDBoer. 
the  thooMiid  Uihta  that  pb^ed  about  the  boe .  .  .  ahorw 
aD  fbe  mile,  the  cbeerhil,  hapm  «Bflok  wet*  Bade  lor 
home  and  iraride  peace  and  bappimaL— CL  DkkeM^ 
0U99r  Tmttt,  nix.  dtST). 

Flemish  Scdiool  (The),  a  school 
of  painting  commencing  in  the  fifteenth 
centuiVj  with  the  brothers  Van  Kyok. 
The  chief  early  mastera  were  Memung, 
Weyden^  Matsys,  Mabus,  and  More. 
The  chief  of  the  second  period  were 
Rubens,  Yandyck,  Snyders.  Jordaeaa, 
Caspar  de  Grayer,  and  the  younger 
Teniers. 

Fleetaly  School  ( The),  a  class  of  Brit- 
ish poets  of  which  Swinburne,  Rossetti. 
Morris,  etc.,  are  exponents;  so  called 
from  the  sensuous  diaracter  of  their 
poetry. 

*4.*  It  was  Thomas  Maitland  [Le,  R. 
W.  Buchanan]  who  first  gave  them  this 
appellation  in  the  Coniemporary  Review, 

Fletcher  (Dick),  one  of  the  crew  of 
the  pirate  vessel.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Pirate  (time,  William  III.). 


Fleur  de  Marie,  the  betrothed  of 
captain  Phoebus. — ^Victor  Hugo,  Notre 
Dame  de  Paris  (1831). 

Fleurant,  an  apothecary.  He  fiiea 
into  a  rage  because  B^ralde  (2  eyl,)  njn 
to  his  brother,  **  Remettez  cela  k  one  fou, 
et  demeurez  nn  pen  en  repos.**  The 
apothecary  flares  out,  "De  quoi  vona 
mdlez  vous  de  vous  opposer  aux  cwdon- 
nances  de  la  m^ecine  .  .  .  je  vais  dire  k 
Monsieur  Purgon  comme  on  m*a  em- 
pdche  d'executer  sea  ordres  .  .  .  Yovs 
verrez,  vous  verres." — Molibre,  Le  Malady 
Imaginaire  (1678). 

Flibnbertlgibnbet,  the   fiend  tiiat 


FLIBBERTIGIBBET. 


FLORA. 


ghrw  man  the  fqiuiit  eje  and  harelip, 
sends  mfldewi  and  blight,  etc 

Tfalilitka  fnl  told  RMMrtWblMt .  .  .  btgbntlw 


Om  bar»llp :  fW)  nlklews  thm  wVUt  wbumt. 


of  Mrtk.~X<iv 

aLH.4q«Bil. 

*«*  Shakespoare  sot  this  narae  from 
bidiop  Hannett's  J^eoiaratkm  of  Popish 
JimfoftmrSf  where  FUbben^gibet  is  one 
of  the  fieods  which  the  Jesuits  cast  oat  of 
Mr.  Edmand  Peckham. 

FWberHgi/het  or  « Dickie  Sludge,** 
the  dwarf  grandson  of  Gammer  Sladge 
(landlady  of  Erasmus  Holiday,  the 
•dioolmaster  in  the  vale  of  Whitehorse). 
in  the  entertainment  fdven  by  the  earl 
of  Leioester  to  queen  ElisabeUi,  Dickon 
Slodge  acts  the  part  of  an  imp. — Sir  W. 
Seoti,  Kemlworth  (time,  EUzabeth). 

Flint  (Lord)^  chief  minister  of  state 
to  one  of  the  saltans  of  India.  He  had 
the  enviable  faculty  of  a  very  short 
memorr  when  he  did  not  choose  to  recol- 
lect. "My  people  know^  no  doubt,  but 
1  cannot  recollect,**  was  his  stock  [^rase. 
—Un.  Inchbald,  Stick  ITu^s  Are  (1786). 

FtmL  jailer  in  Thg  Deserter^  a  musical 
drama  by  Dibdin  (1770). 

PlnU  {Sir  OemeKt),  a  rery  kind-hearted, 
old  badielor,  who  "trusts  no 
though  he  professes  his  un- 
doubted belief  to  be  ^*that  self  is  the 
predominant  principle  of  the  human 
mind,**  is  nerer  so  happy  as  when  doing 
an  unaelflsh  and  generous  act.  He  settles 
£2000  a  year  on  the  young  lord  (vay ville, 
bis  nephew,  that  lie  may  marry  Miss 
Alton,  the  Udy  of  ihis  choice ;  and  says, 
"To  reward  the  desenring,  and  make 
those  we  lore  happy,  is  self-interest  in 
the  extreme.**— (^eral  Bnrgoyne,  The 
JMrtm  (1781). 

Flint  Jaoik;  Edward  Simpson,  who 
need  to  tramp  the  kingdom,  vending 
sporious  flint  arrow-heads,  celts,  and 
other  imitation  antiquities.  In  1867  he 
imprisoned  for  theft. 


Flippan'ta»  an  intriguing  lady*s- 
maid.  Daughter  of  Mrs.  Cio^L  She 
is  in  the  service  of  Clarissa,  and  aids  her 
in  an  ber  follie8.~^ir  John  Yanbrugh, 
The  Cbnfederacy  (1695). 

liMrlttvrna 


Ibrtke 


latlMyMrl7t0.1n 


nite  (Mi8M)f  a  poor  crazed,  good- 
bearted  woman,  who  has  lost  her  wits 
Oroagfa  tin  "]aw*s  deUy.**  She  is 
always  hauntiog  the  (Courts  of  Chancery 


with  "her  documents,**  hoping  agaioil 
hope  that  she  will  receive  a  ]udgiDrt.iit» 
— C.  Dickens,  Bleak  House,  iv.  (1862). 

Flookliart  ( Wicfaw),  landlady  of  the 
lodgings  in  the  Cuiongate  where  Waver- 
ley  and  M'lvor  dine  with  the  baron  of 
Bradwardine  (8  «2^/.).— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Wcnerley  (time,  (Seorge  II.). 

Flogged  by  Deputy.  The  marquis 
de  Leganez  forbade  the  tutor  of  his  son  to 
use  rigour  or  corporal  punishment  of  any 
kind,  so  the  totor  hit  upon  this  device  to 
intimidate  the  boy:  ne  flogg^  a  lad 
named  Raphael,  brought  up  with  young 
Leganez  as  a  plajrmMe,  whenever  that 
youhg  nobleman  deserved  punishment. 
This  produced  an  excellent  effect;  but 
Raphael  did  not  see  its  justice,  and  ran 
away.— Lesage,  QU  Blaa,  v.  L  (1724). 

FloUo  or  FloUio,  a  Roman  tribune, 

who  held  the  province  of  G»xd  under  the 

emperor  Leo.    When  king  Arthur  invaded 

Gaul,  the  tribune  fled  to  Paris,  which 

Arthur  besieged,  and  FloUo  proposed  to 

decide  the  quarrel  by  single  combat.    To 

this  Arthur  agreed,  and  cleft  vrith  his 

sword  Calibum  both  the  helmet  and  head 

of  his  adversarv.    Having  made  himself 

master  of  all  (muiI,  king  Arthur  held  his 

court  at  Paris.— Oeofoey,  Britiek  Sis- 

tory,  iz.  11  (1142). 

Andsflar  Umw  .  .  • 

At  PMta.  In  tlM  1M«  C^rOMT]  whh  TMBo  looght; 
Tha  MupeiiMr  Lmo's  power  to  imin  bto  iie^B  Hwt  troachi 
OnrtM.  /W»olMoM.  It.  (isuT 

Flor  and  Blanoheflor,  the  title 
of  a  minnesong  by  Gonrad  Fleck,  at  one 
time  immensely  popular.  It  is  the  storv 
of  two  children  who  fall  in  love  with  eacu 
other.  There  is  a  good  deal  of  grace  and 
tenderness  in  the  tale,  with  an  abund- 
ance of  trash.  Flor,  uie  son  oi.  Feinix, 
a  pagan  king,  is  brought  up  with 
Blancheflor  (an  enfant  vohT).  Ine  two 
children  love  each  other,  but  Feinix  sells 
Blancheflor  to  some  Eastern  merchanto. 
Flor  goes  in  quest  of  Blancheflor,  whom 
he  finds  in  Babylon,  in  the  palace  of  the 
sulten,  who  is  a  sorcerer.  He  gains 
access  to  the  palace,  hidden  in  a  basket 
of  roses ;  but  the  sultan  discovers  him, 
and  is  about  to  cast  both  into  the  flames, 
when,  touched  with  human  goitleness  and 
love,  he  seto  them  free.  They  then  return 
to  Spain,  find  Feinix  dead,  and  maiiy 
(fourteenth  century). 

Flo'ra^  goddess  of  flowers.   In  natural 
history  sJLl  uie  flowers  and  vegetable  prr 
I   ductions  of  a  country  or  locality  are  called 


FLORiL 


840 


FLORESKI. 


Us  flora,  and  all  its  animal  prodactiona 
its  fauna. 

FlonjLf  the   waiting-woman  ot  donna 

Violante.     In  love  with  Lissado,  the  valet 

of    don    Felix. — Mrs.    Centlivre,     Th€ 

Wonder  (1714). 

Mra.  Matloelrt^  vm  Om  aMMl  •ftedoff  tkcatrkal  \mn%- 
taUns  «•  ey«r  wUpwd.  The  part  riie  cImm  «m 
"Plofm."  to  Cook's  "don  Pcllx."  wkkh  die  play«d  wHh 
nil  the  tmtamm  and  nliit  of  a  woman  la  bar  prliiia.r— 
Tim  Mmt  Motttkip  (18M). 

Flora,  the  niece  of  old  Fanner  Freehold. 
She  is  a  great  beauty,  and  captivates 
Heaitwell,  who  marries  her.  Tne  two 
are  so  well  assorted  that  their  **  best  love 
is  after  their  espousals."— John  Philip 
Kemble,  The  Farm-hotue, 

Floranthe  (Donna),  a  lady  beloved 
by  Octavian.  Octavian  goes  mad  because 
he  fancies  Floranth6  is  untrue  to  him, 
but  Roque,  a  blunt,  kind-hearted  servitor, 
assures  him  he  is  mistaken,  and  per- 
suades him  to  return  home.— kj.  Golman, 
Octavian  (1824). 

Flor'delioe  (8  sy/.),  the  mistress  of 
Bran'dimart  (king  of  the  Distant  Islands). 
— Ariosto,  Orkmdo  Furioao  (1616). 

Flordespi'na.  daughter  of  Mar- 
siglio. — ^Ariosto,  Orkmdo  Furioeo  (1516). 

Florence.  Mrs.  Spencer  Smith, 
daughter  of  baron  Herbert  the  Austrian 
ambassador  in  England.  43he  was  bom 
at  Constantinople,  during  her  father's 
residence  in  that  city.  Byron  made  her 
acquaintance  in  Malta,  but  Thomas  Moore 
thinks  his  devotion  was  more  imaginaiy 
than  real.  In  a  letter  to  his  mother,  his 
lordship  says  he  "  finds  her  [Florence'] 
verj'  pretty,  very  accomplished^  and  ex- 
tremely eccentric." 

Thou  majrit  And  a  new  Oalypao  Umcvl 
Sweet  Flormor.  eoold  another  ever  iharo 
Ibis  waiwanL  loveleM  heart.  It  wottM  be  tbtaia. 

hftom.  CkUiU  iroroM.  U.  10  (ISIO). 

Florence  (The  Qerman),  Dresden,  also 
called  "  The  Florence  of  the  North.^' 

Florent  or  Florenthu,  a  knight  who 
promised  to  marry  a  deformed  and  ugly 
nag,  who  taught  him  the  solution  of  a 
riddle. — Gower,  Con/essio  Amantis,  L 
(1398). 

"  The  Wife  of  Bath's  Tale,"  in  Chau- 
cer's Canterbury  Taies,  is  the  same  story. 
The  ugly  old  hog  becomes  converted 
into  a  beautiful  young  princess,  and 
** Florent"  is  called  **one  of  Arthur's 
knights"  (1388). 

Florentdne  Diamond  (TV),  the 
fourth  largest  cut  diamond  in  the  world. 


It  weiglis  189|  carata,  and  was  the  largest 
dismond  belonging  to  Charles  *^ih» 
Bold,"  duke  of  Burgundy.  It  was  picked 
up  by  a  Swiss  peasant,  who  sold  it  to  a 
priest  for  half  a  crown.  The  priest  aoUd 
It  for  £200,  to  Bartholomew  May  of  Berne. 
It  subeequenUy  came  into  the  hands  of 
pope  Julius  II..  and  the  pope  gave  it  to 
the  emperor  of  Austria.   (See  DiAMOiroe.) 

Flores  or  Isle  of  Fu>wer8,  one  of 
the  Azores  (2  fyi')*  It  was  discovered  in 
1489  by  Yanderberg,  and  is  espedallj 
celebrated  because  it  was  near  this  isle  thai 
sir  Richard  Grenville,  in  the  reign  of  oneen 
Elisabeth,  fought  his  famous  sea-nght. 
He  had  only  one  ship  with  a  hundred 
men.  and  was  opposed  by  the  Spanish  fleet 
of  fifty-three  men-of-war.  For  some  hoars 
victory  was  doubtfuL  and  when  sir 
Richard  was  severely  wounded,  he 
wanted  to  sink  the  ship ;  but  the  Spaniards 
boarded  it,  complimented  him  on  his 
heroic  conduct,  and  he  died.  As  the  ship 
(The  Revenge)  was  on  its  way  to  Spain, 
ft  was  wrecked,  and  went  to  the  bottom,' 
so  it  never  reached  Spain  after  alL 
Tennyson  has  a  poem  on  Uie  subject 
(1878). 

Flo'res  (2  tylX  the  lover  of  Blancheflenr. 
—Boccaccio,  it  FUooopo  (1840). 

*«*  Boccaccio  has  repeated  the  tale  in 
his  Decameron,  x.  6  (l852),  in  which 
Flores  is  called  "Ansaldo,"  and  Blanche- 
flenr **Diano'ra."  Flores  and  Blaache- 
fleur,  before  Boccaccio's  time,  were  noted 
lovers,  and  are  mentioned  as  early  as 
1288  by  Matfres  Eymengan  de  Bescrs,  in 
his  Breviari  d'Amor, 

Chaucer  has  taken  the  same  story  as 
the  basis  of  the  /WnUafmi's  Tate,  and 
Bojardo  has  introduced  it  as  an  episode  in 
his  Orlando  Innamorato,  where  the  lover 
is  "Prasildo"  and  the  lady  "Tisbina.'* 
(See  pRAsiLDO.) 

The  cbronldecB  of  dwilflBaSMh 
Of  Martin,  and  the  Mort  d'AHbva. 
Mingled  togetber  la  hbbrafai. 
WItStaleiofnoniandr 


Floresld  (Counf),  a  Pole,  in  love 
with  princess  Lodoislut  (4  syL).  At  the 
opening  of  the  play  he  is  traveling  with 
his  servant  Yaroel  to  discover  where  the 

Srincess  has  been  placed  bj[  her  father 
uring  the  war.  He  ftdls  in  with  the 
Tartar  chief  Kera  Khan,  whom  he  orer- 
powers  in  fight,  but  spares  his  life,  and 
thus  makes  him  his  friend.  Floreski 
finds  the  princess  in  tiie  castle  of  baron 
1  jovinski,  who  keeps  her  a  virtual  prisoner, 
but  the  castie  being  stormed  by  the  Tar* 


FLOREZ. 


Ml 


FLORINDA. 


the  baron  u  sUin,  and  the  princess 
Buries  the  count.— J.  P.  Kemble,  Lo- 


Fk/re&,  son  of  Germrd  king  of  the 
bfggara.  He  assumes  the  name  of  60s- 
win,  and  becomes,  in  Bni^^  a  wealthy 
mefchant.  His  mistress  is  Bertha,  the 
sopposed  dandbter  of  Yandunke  the 
bargomaster.--neaamont  and  Fletdier, 
The  Beggar^  Bush  (1622). 

Flor'iaii,  "the  fonndling  of  the 
focert,**  discorered  in  infancy  by  the 
covnt  De  Yalmont,  and  adopted  as  his 
•wn  soa.  Florian  is  lighfe^earted  and 
▼elatile,  bat  with  deep  aifeetion,  yery 
hntTC,  aad  the  delist  of  all  who  know 
hnn.  He  is  betrotlMd  to  his  oonsin,  lady 
Qenldiiie,  a  ward  of  comit  De  Vaf- 
.— W.  Dimond,  Tke  FoMMdimg  0/  the 


Florlmel  <<the   Fair,**  courted   hy 

■r  Sat'yrane,  sir  Per'iduTe.  and  sir  Cal'i- 

dove  (each  8  sy/.),  but  she  nerself  "  loved 

■oae  b«t  Marvel,**  who  cared  not  for  her. 

When  Marinel  was  overthrown  by  Brito* 

■ait  aad  was  reported  to  be  dead,  Flori- 

■Ml  reaoWed  to  search  into  the  tnitii  of 

this  nunoar.      In   her  wanderings,  she 

le  weary  to  the  hut  of  a  hag,  but  when 

left  the  hut  the  hag  sent  a  savage 

istcr  to  brin^  her  back.    FlorimS, 

bowere^  jnmped  into  a  boat  and  escaped, 

but  fdl  into  the  hands  of  Proteus  (2  syl,)^ 

vho  kept  her  in  a  dungeon  '*  deep  in  the 

bettom  of  a  huge  great  rock."    One  day, 

Marinel  and  his  mother  went  to  a  Imnquet 

firen  by  Proteus  to  the  sea-gods;  and 

•a  Marioel  was  loitering  abou^  he  heard 

the  captiTe  bemoaning  her  hard  fate,  and 

•U  ''for  love  of  HarineL**     His  heart 

was  tooehad ;  he  reecbred  to  reUuue  the 

prisoner,  and  obtained  from  his  mother 

a  warrant  of  release,  signed  by  Neptune 

himaelf.      Proteus  did  not  dare  to  dis- 

<»bey  ;  the  lady  was  released,  and  became 

the  nappy  bride  of  her  liberator. — Spenser, 

Fieiry  Qtaeem,  iu.  4, 8,  and  iv.  11, 12  (1590, 

1M6). 

%*  The  name  Florimel  means  "honey- 
_____  t» 


Fforimel  (The  Falte)^  made  by  a  witdi 
of  Ri^ue'an  snow  and  virgin  wax,  with 
ao  inrnaion  of  vermilion.  Two  burning 
laapa  in  silver  sockets  served  for  eyes, 
fine  gold  wire  for  locko,  and  for  soul  "a 
nrite  thai  had  fallen  from  heaven*** 
BcagKadoecio,  seeing  this  false  Florimel, 
'* her**  off  as  the  veritable  Flori- 
;  biA  wfaan  be  wai  atrippcd  of  hit 


borrowed  plumes^  this  waxen  Florimel 
vanished  into  thin  air,  leaving  nothing 
behind  except  the  "golden  girdle  thM 
was  about  her  waist/* — Spenser,  Faihry 
Queen,  iiL  8,  and  v.  8  (1590, 1596). 

FlorimePs  Oirdle,  a  girdle  which 
gave  to  those  who  wore  it,  "  the  virtue  of 
chaste  love  and  wifehood  true ;  **  if  any 
woman  not  chaste  or  faithful  put  it  on. 
it  immediately  "loosed  or  toro  asunder.*^ 
It  was  once  the  cestns  of  Venus,  but 
when  that  oueen  of  beauty  wantoned  with 
MarR,  it  fell  off  and  was  left  on  the  "Aci- 
dalian  mount.** — Spenser,  Fairy  Queen. 
iv.  2  (1596). 

One  day,  sir  Cambel,  sir  Triamond,  sir 
Paridel,  sir  Blandamour,  and  sir  Ferra- 
mont  agreed  to  give  Florimers  girdle  to 
the  most  beautiful  lady ;  when  the  pre- 
vious question  was  moved,  "  Who  was  the 
most  beautiful  ?**  Of  course,  each  knight, 
ai  in  duty  bound,  adjudged  his  own  Udy 
to  be  the  paragon  of  women,  till  tbie 
witch's  image  of  snow  and  wax,  made  to 
represent  Florimel,  was  produced,  when 
^all  agreed  that  it  was  without  a  peer, 
and  so  the  eirdle  was  handed  to  "the 
false  Florim^**  On  trjring  it  on,  however, 
it  would  in  no  wise  fit  her ;  and  when  br 
dint  of  pains  it  was  at  length  fastened,  it 
instantly  loosened  and  fell  to  the  ground. 
It  would  fit  Amoret  exactly,  and  of  course 
Florimel,  but  not  the  witch's  thing  of 
snow  and  wax.~^penser,  Fairy  Q^een, 
iv.  5  (1596). 

*«*  Morgan  la  F4e  sent  king  Arthur 
a  horn,  out  of  which  no  lady  could  drink 
"  who  was  not  to  herself  or  to  her  husband 
true.**  Ariosto*8  enchanted  cup  possessed 
a  similar  spell. 

A  boy  showed  king  Arthur  a  mantle 
which  no  wife  not  1m1  could  wear.  If 
any  unchaste  wife  or  maiden  put  it  0% 
it  would  either  go  to  shreds  or  refuse  to 
drape  decorously. 

At  Bphesus  was  a  arotto  containing  a 
statue  of  Diana.  If  a  chaste  wife  or 
maiden  entered,  a  reed  there  (presented  by 
Pan)  gave  forth  most  melodious  sounds  ; 
but  if  the  unfaithful  or  unchaste  entered, 
its  sounds  were  harsh  and  discordant. 

Alasnam's  mirror  remained  unsullied 
when  it  reflected  the  unsullied,  but  be- 
came dull  when  the  unchaate  stood  before 
it.    (See  Caradoc,  p.  160.) 

I^orin'daf  daughter  of  count  Julian 
one  of  the  high  lords  in  the  Gothic  court 
of  Spain.     She  was  violated  by  king 
Roderick ;  and  the  count,  in  his  indigna 
tion,  renounceb  the  Christian  religion  tad 


FLORIPES. 


842 


FLOWERS. 


called  over  the  Moon,  who  cAine  to  Spain 
in  laige  numbers  and  drove  Roderick 
from  Sie  throne.  OrpUi  the  renegade 
archbishop  of  Sev'ille,  asked  Florinda  to 
become  his  bride,  but  she  shuddered  at 
the  thought.    Roderick,  in  the  guise  of  a 

Sriest,  reclaimed  count  Julian  as  he  was 
ying,  Mid  as  Florinda  rose  from  the 
fdead  body : 

■  Ber  check  «M  ftHhed,  umI  In  h«r  mi  there  bauMd 
A  wUder  bdghtaccL    On  the  Goth  [VtMf«r<dkJ  ihe  fUBd. 
'While  underocAth  the  emoCkNU  of  that  hour 
BzhanitedlifB  g»ve  wajr.  .  .  .  Bound  his  nedi  ne  threw 
Her  anus,  end  crtod,  "IfarBoderick;  mine  Inhenfenl" 
Qroenlng.  he  dacpt  her  doce.  end  In  thnt  net 
▲nd  afony  her  hMpm  ■pirlt  Sed. 

ftM^Mgr.  MadtriOt,  cCiu.  xtbr.  (1S14). 

Flo'ripes  (8  ay/.),  sister  of  sir  Fiera- 
bras  [F€,a\raMrak],  daughter  of  Laban, 
and  wife  of  Guy  the  nejpiew  of  Charle- 
magne* 

Florisan'do  (The  Exploits  and  Ad- 
ventures ohj,  part  of  the  series  of  Le 
Roman  des  Jtomons,  or  those  pertaining  to 
Am'adis  of  GauL  This  part  (from 
bk.  vi.  to  xiv.)  was  added  by  Paez  de 
Rib&a. 

Florise    (The    lady),   attendant   on* 
queen   Berengaria.— Sir  W.  Scott,   The 
Talisman  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Flor'isel  of  Kice'a  (The  Exploits 
and  Adventures  of),  part  of  th^  series 
called  Le  Roman  des  Romans,  pertaining 
to  Am'adis  of  Gaul.  This  part  was  added 
by  Feliciano  de  Silva. 

I^or'ismart,  one  of  (3uirlemagne*8 
paladins,  and  the  bosom  friend  of  Roland. 

Florival  (MdlleX  daughter  of  a 
French  physician  in  Belleisle.  She  fell 
in  love  with  major  Belford,  while  nursing 
him  in  her  father's  house  during  a  period 
of  sickness.  Her  marriage,  however,  was 
deferred,  from  the  great  aversion  of  the 
major's  father  to  ue  French,  and  he 
went  to  Havannah.  In  due  time  he  re- 
turned to  England  and  colonel  Tamper 
witi^  him.  Now,  colonel  Tamper  was  in 
love  with  Emily,  andj  wishing  to  try  iXm 
strength  of  her  aifection,  pretended  to  be 
severely  mutilated  in  the  wars.  Florival 
was  a  gnest  of  Emily  at  the  time,  and, 
being  appnsed  of  the  trick,  resolved  to 
turn  the  tables  on  the  colonel,  so  when 
he  entered  the  room  as  a  maimed  soldier, 
he  fouud  there  Florival,  dressed  as  an 
officer,  and,  under  the  name  of  captnin 
Johnson,  flirting  most  desperately  witli 
Emily.  The  colonel  was  mad  with 
jealousy,  but  in  the  very  whirlwind  of 
his  rage,  major  Belford  reco(nii7.ed  Mdllc. 
Florival,  saw  through  the  trick,  and  after 


a  hearty  good  laugh  at  the  colonel,  all 
ended  happily.-- 0>lman,  sen.,  The  Demos 
is  in  Him  (17^2). 

Flor'iael,  son  of  PoUxen^s  king  of 
Bohemia.  In  a  hunting  expedition,  he 
saw  Perdlta  (the  supposed  daughter  of  a 
shepherd),  fell  in  love  with  her,  and 
courted  her  under  the  assumed  name  of 
Dor'id^.  The  king  tracked  his  son  to 
the  shepherd's  house,  and  told  Perdita  that 
if  she  gave  countenance  to  this  foolery 
he  would  order  her  and  the  shepherd  to 
be  put  to  death.  Florixel  and  Perdita  then 
fled  from  Bohemia,  and  took  icfug«  in 
Sicily.  Being  brought  to  the  cosir%  of 
king  LeontSs,  it  soon  became  manifest 
that  Perdito  was  the  king's  daughter. 
Polixen^  in  the  mean  time,  had  tracked 
his  son  to  Sicily,  but  when  he  was  in- 
formed that  Perdita  was  the  king's  daugh- 
ter, his  objection  to  the  marriage  ceased, 
and  Perdita  became  the  happy  bride  of 
prince  Florizel.— Shakespeare,  The  H'&i- 
ief^s  TaU  (1604). 

Florixel,  the  name  assumed  b^  Cieoige 
IT.  in  his  correspondence  with  Mm. 
Robinson  (actress  and  poetess),  generally 
known  as  Per'dita,  that  being  the  cha- 
racter in  which  she  nrst  attracted  his 
attention  when  prince  of  Wales. 

\*  (xeorge  IV.  was  generally  nick- 
named "  prince  Florizel." 

Flower  of  Chivalry,  sir  William 
Douglas,  knight  of  Uddesdale  (♦-136S). 
Sir  Philip  Sidney,  statesman,  poet,  and 
soldier,  was  also  called  "The  Flower  of 
Chivalry  •'  (1654-1686).  So  was  the 
Chevalier  de  Bayard,  le  Chevalier  »i»» 
Peur  et  sans  Reproche  (1476-1524). 

Flower  of  Kings.  Arthur  is  so 
called  by  John  of  Exeter  (sixth  centvry). 

Flower  of  Poets,  Gteoffrcy  Chaucer 
(1828-1400). 

Flower  of  the  Iievanf.  Zante  is 
so  called  from  its  great  beauty  and  fer- 
tility. 

&ntel  Zuite!  lordlLevaatL 

Flower  of  Yarrow  (The),  Mwy 
Scott,  daughter  of  sir  William  Scott  of 
Haiden. 

Flowers  (Lovers^)  are  stated  by  Spen- 
ser, in  his  Skephearde's  Calendar,  to  be 
"the  purple  columbine,  gllliflowers.  car- 
nations, and  sops  in  wine  "  ("  April  '). 
In  the  "  laniniage  of  flowers,"  oofum^ 

-     "        -  -^ ^  !ccr«  "bonds 

lore,**  and 


bine  signifies  "folly,"  aiili^'^ 
of  love,"  carnations  "pure 


FLOWER  SERMON. 


848 


FOLAIR. 


</  wme  (one  of  the  canation  fiunily) 

*  wooijui^s  love." 

[Utbir  Am  linVti  aaA  porpto  rrtTn****^. 
Ki; 
amAmpalmiitMM, 

r.  J%*  8k9pk0mr4m'*  Cmttnd/ir  {*'  April.*  U79). 

Vlower  Sermon,  a  sermon  preached 
erery  Whit  Monday  in  St.  Gather  ^ 
Cree.  On  this  occaaion  each  of  the  con- 
gregation carries  a  bonch  of  flowers,  and 
a  bonch  of  flowers  is  also  laid  on  the 
palgit  cnshion.  The  Flower  Sermon  is 
noi  now  limited  to  St.  Catherine  Cree, 
other  chnrchee  have  adopted  the  costom. 

Flowerdalo  {Sir  John),  father  of 
Oariasa,  and  the  nei«^bonr  of  colonel 
Oldboy.— BickerstaiE,  Lionet  and  Oaritta. 

Flowered  Bobes.  In  ancient  Greece 
to  My  "a  woman  wore  flowered  robes*' 
was  the  tame  as  to  say  she  was  a  Jilte 
pMiqme.  Solon  made  it  a  law  that 
virtuous  women  should  appear  in  simple 
ami  modest  apparel,  hot  that  harlots 
shoold  always  dress  in  gay  and  flowered 
robes. 

Am  taMw  dkwi  m*  knowii  kjr  thilr  ■ttgnata.  m 
^mwnf  gwaMBti  Imlintt  one  of   lh#   dMni-aMindB 

FioWery  Kingdom  (7^),  China. 
The  Qiinese  call  uieir  kingdom  Ntca 
Xwohj  which  means  "The  Flowery  King- 
dom,** i>.  the  flower  of  kingdoms. 

Fluallen,  a  Welsh  captain  and  great 
pedant,  who,  amongst  other  learned  quid- 
oities,  drew  this  parallel  between  Henry  V . 
and  Alexander  toe  Great :  ** One  was  bom 
in  M<mmouth  and  the  other  in  Macedon, 
both  which  pl*c^  h^n  with  M,  and  in 
both  a  river  nowed.**— Shakespeare,  Henry 
V.  act  iv.  ae.  7  (1699). 


Fllir»  the  bride  of  Cassivelaon,  '*  for 
whose  love  the  Roman  Ccear  first  invaded 
Britain.** — ^Tennyson,  JdylU  of  the  King 
("Enid**). 

Flute  {The  Magic),  a  flute  which  has 
the  power  of  inspiring  love.  When  ^ven 
by  ue  powers  of  darkness,  the  love  it  in- 
spires is  sensual  love ;  but  when  bestowed 
l^the  powers  of  Uflpit,  it  becomes  sub- 
servient to  the  venr  holiest  ends.  In  the 
opera  called  Die  JMberfilttey  Tami'no  and 
nmi'na  are  guided  by  it  through  all 
iworldly  dangers  to  the  knowlei^  of 
divine  troth  Tor  the  mysteries  of  Isis). — 
Mozart,  Die  Zauber/idte  (1791). 

inutter,  a  gossip,  fond  of  telling  a 
gjod  stoiy,  but,  unhappilv,  unable  to  do 
so  wiUiout  a  blunder.    "A  good-natured, 


insignificant  creature,  admitted  every- 
where, but  cared  for  nowhere  '*  (act  i.  3). 
—Mrs.  Ck>wley,  The  Belle's  Stratagem 
(1780). 

Fly-gods,  Beelzebub,  a  ^>d  of  the 
Philistines,  supposed  to  wara  off  flies. 
Achor  was  worshipped  by  the  C)yreneans 
for  a  similar  object.  Zeus  Apomy'ios  was 
tiie  fly-god  of  the  Greeks. 

On  Um  oMt  dde  or  jmtr  diop.  aloft 
Writ*  MaUiIai.  TwnMl.  and  BvabTanit  t 
Upon  Um  north  part.  Bad.  VoW.  TMaL 
Thaf  are  the  namat  of  thoM  meieartal  iprilM 
That  do  frMit  llei  tram  bosaa. 

B.  Johnaoo.  Tk*  AMtmitt^  I  OSMI. 

Flying  Dutohman  {The),  a  phan- 
tom utip,  seen  in  stormv  weather  off  the 
Cape  of  (jood  Hope,  and  thought  to  fore- 
boae  ill  luck.  Tlie  legend  is  that  it  was 
a  vessel  laden  with  precious  metal,  but  a 
horrible  murder  having  been  committed 
on  board,  the  plague  broke  out  among 
the  crew,  and  no  port  would  allow  the 
ship  to  enter,  so  it  was  doomed  to  float 
about  like  a  riiost,  and  never  to  enjoy 
rest.— Sir  W.  Scott 

*0*  Another  legend  is  that  a  Dutch 
capUin,  homeward  bound,  met  with  loug- 
continued  head  winds  off  the  (3ape,  but 
swore  he  would  double  the  Cape  and  not 
put  back,  if  he  strove  till  the  day  of  doom. 
He  was  taken  at  his  word,  and  there  he 
still  beats,  but  never  succeeds  in  rounding 
the  point. 

((Captain  Bfarryat  has  a  novel  founded 
on  this  legend,  called  The  Phantom  Shut, 
1836.) 

Flying  Highwasrman,  William 
Harrow,  who  leaped  his  horse  over  turn- 
pike gates  as  if  it  had  been  furnished 
with  wings.    He  was  executed  in  I7Gd. 

Flyter  {Mrs,),  UndUdy  of  the  lodg- 
ings occupied  by  Frank  OiBbaldistone  m 
(^hisgow.— Sir  W.  Scott,  £ob  Hoy  (time, 
(leoige  I.). 

Foible,  the  intriguing  lady's-maid  of 
lady  Wishfort,  and  married  to  Waitwell 
(iackev  of  Edward  Mirabell).  She  inter- 
lards her  remarks  with  "  says  he,"  "  he 
savs  says  he,**  "  she  says  says  she.** 
etc.— W.  C^ongreve,  The  Way  of  ike 
World  (1700). 

Foi'gard  {Father),  one  of  a  gang 
of  thieves.    Ue  pretends  to  be  a  French 

Eit,  but  "  his  French  shows  him  to  be 
lish,  and  his  English  shows  him  to 
rish.'*— Farquhar,  The  Beaux'  Strata- 
gem (1705). 

Folair'  (2  syL),  a  pantomimiit  at  the 
Portsmouth  Theatre,  under  the  manage- 


FOLDATH. 


ment    of    Mr,  Vincent    Onmmles. — C 
Dickens,  Nichotas  NkkMnf  (1838). 

Foldath,  general  of  the  Fir-bolg  or 
Belgs  in  the  Boath  of  Ireland.  In  the 
epic  called  Tem'ora,  Cathmor  is  the  "lord 
of  Atha,*'  and  Foldath  is  his  generaL 
He  is  a  good  specimen  of  the  savage 
chieftain :  bold  and  daring,  bat  pre- 
sumptuous, overbearing,  and  cruel.  '*Hi8 
stride  is  haughtv,  and  his  red  eye  rolls  in 
wrath.**  He  looks  with  scorn  on  Hidalla, 
a  humane  and  gentle  officer  in  the  same 
army,  for  his  delist  is  strife,  and  he 
exults  over  the  falTen.  In  counsel  Fol- 
dath is  imoeriouB,  and  contemptuous  to 
those  who  differ  from  him.  Unrelenting 
in  revenge ;  and  even  when  he  falls  with 
his  death-wound,  dealt  by  Fillan  the  son 
of  Fingal,  he  feeds  a  sort  of  pleasure  that 
his  ghost  would  hover  in  the  blast,  and 
exult  over  the  graves  of  his  enemies. 
Foldath  had  one  child,  a  daughter,  the 
blue-eyed  Dardn-Le'na,  the  last  of  the 
rBce.--Ossian,  Temora. 

Follies  of  a  Day,  a  comedy  by 
Holcroft  (174&-1809). 

Fon'dle'wife.  an  oxorions  banker.— 
Congreve,  The  Old  Baohdor  (1693). 

WhMi  Mra.  Jaitavon  [17SS-177t]  «m  Mlud  In  what 
ebaraciwa  aha  eMelkd  Uie  Biost,  ihe  Innooantlr  rerdlML 
*'  In  old  meii.mM  *  FoodlMrlfo'and  'sir  J««loaiTr»nc.'* 
— T.  DkTieiL 

%♦  "Sir  Jealous  Traffic"  \m  m  The 
Busy  Bodj/f  by  Mrs.  Centlivre. 

Fondlove  (S£r  William),  a  vain  old 
baronet  of  60,  who  fancies  himself  a 
Bchoolbov,  ca[Mible  of  pla3ring  boyish 
games,  oancing,  or  doing  anyuing  that 
youne  men  do.  "How  marvellously  I 
wear!  What  signs  of  age  have  I  ?  I*m 
certainly  a  Ironaer  for  my  age.  I  walk 
as  wdl  as  ever.  Do  I  stoop?  Observe 
the  hollow  of  my  back.  As  now  1  stand, 
BO  stood  I  when  a  child,  a  rosy,  chubby 
bov.  My  arm  is  firm  as  *twas  at  20. 
Oa'k,  oak,  isn*t  it  ?  Think  you  my  leg 
is  shrunk? — not  in  the  calf  a  little? 
When  others  waste,  *tis  growing-time 
with  me.  Vigour,  sir,  vigour,  in  e\*ery 
joint.  Could  run,  conld  leap.  Wh^ 
shouldn't  I  marr^?"  So  thought  sir 
William  of  sir  William,  and  he  married 
tiie  Widow  Green,  a  buxom  dame  of  40 
summers. — S.  Knowles,  The  Loce-Chase 
(1887). 

Fontainebleau  {Decree  of),  an  edict 
passed  by  Napoleon  I.,  ordering  all 
English  goods  wherever  found  to  b« 
nitSlessly  burnt  (October  18, 1810). 


844  FOOLS,  JESTERS,  ETa 

Fontaralbia,  now  called  Fuentcrbbte 
fin  Latin  Fons  ramdua),  near  the  gulf  of 
Gascony.  Here  Charlemagne  and  all  hit 
chivalry  fell  by  the  sword  of  the  "  Span- 
ish Saracens.** — Mariana. 


*  * 


Mezeray  says  that  the  rear  of  th« 
king's  army  bein^  cut  off,  Charlemagne 
returned  and  obtained  a  brilliant  revenge. 

FooL  James  I.  of  Great  Britain  was 
called  by  Henri  lY.  of  France,  "The 
Wisest  Fool  in  Christendom**  (1666- 
1625). 

Foot  (  The),  in  the  ancient  morris-dance, 
represented  the  court  jester.  He  carried 
in  his  hand  a  yellow  bauble,  and  wore  on 
his  head  a  hood  with  ass*8  ears,  the  top 
of  the  hood  rising  into  the  form  of  a 
cock*8  neck  and  head,  with  a  belt  at  the 
extreme  end.  The  hood  was  blue  edged 
with  yellow  and  scalloped,  the  donbiofc 
red  edged  with  yellow,  the  girdle  yelloir, 
the  hose  of  one  leg  yellow  and  of  the 
other  blue,  shoes  red.  (See  Morris- 
Danck.) 

Fools.  Pay$  de  Fbu$,  (^heel,  in 
Belgium,  b  so  called,  because  it  has 
been  for  many  years  the  Bedlam  of 
Belgium. 

mttersea  is  also  a  payB  de  fonu,  from 
a  pun.  Simples  used  to  be  grown  there 
largely  for  the  London  apothecaries,  and 
hence  the  expreRsion^  lou  must  go  to 
Battersea  to  get  your  stmplet  citt, 

*^*  Bceotia  was  considered  by  the 
Athenians  the  pays  de  fous  of  (jreece. 
ArcAdia  was  also  a  folly-land;  hence 
Arcades  ambo  ("  both  noodles  alike**). 

Fools,  Jesters,  and  Mirthmen. 

Those  in  italics  were  mirthmen,  bat  not 
licensed  fools  or  jesters. 

ADKhRBvnv  {BurkardKOspar),  jeeterto 
George  I.  He  was  not  only  a  fun- maker, 
but  idso  a  ghostly  adviser  of  the  Hano- 
verian. 

Ajlbakofp,  the  fool  of  czanna  Eliza- 
beth of  Russia  (mother  of  Peter  II.). 
He  was  a  stolid  brute,  fond  of  practioil 
jokes. 

ANoiLT  (Z.),  jester  to  Louis  XIY.,  and 
last  of  the  uc^ised  fools  of  France.  He 
is  mentioned  by  Boileau  in  Satires  t  and 

•  •  a 

YUl. 

Aopi  (Monsignore),  who  succeeded 
Soglia  as  the  merryman  of  pope  Gregory 

Arhstrono  (Archie),  jester  in  tne 
courts  of  James  I.  and  Charles  I.  One 
of  the  characters  in  Scott*s  novel  The 
Fortunes  of  Nigel,    Being  condemned  to 


FOOLS,  JESTERS,  ETC. 


345 


FOOLS,  JESTERS,  ETC. 


Awth  1^  king  Jftmes  for  sheep-stealiiif . 
Arehie  imploied  that  he  might  lire  tul 
he  had  read  hk  Bible  through  for  his 
■oal*a  weaL  This  was  granted,  and  Archie 
rejoined,  with  a  sly  look,  "Then  de*il  tak* 
me  *gin  I  ever  read  a  word  on*t ! " 

Bkboic,  *Mocolator**  to  William  tiie 
Conqneror.  Three  towns  and  five  cara- 
cates  in  Glouoester^ire  were  given  him 
by  the  king. 

Bixsr  d*Akbcrk8  (seventeenth  cen- 
tatr),  fool  to  the  dnke  of  Mantaa. 
Dumg  a  pestilence,  he  coneeived  the  idea 
of  offioing  his  life  as  a  ransom  for  his 
coantrjmetk,  and  actoally  starved  himself 
to  death  to  staj  the  plsgue. 

BoxvT  (Patrick),  jester  te  the  regent 
lloitoo. 

Borde  (Andrew),  nsoally  called 
"Henr  Andrew,**  physician  to  Henry 
Tin.  (1500-1649). 

Bhtsqukt.  Of  this  court  fool  Bran- 
tftme  Mvs :  *'  He  never  had  his  eqnal  in 
lepartee**  (^1512-1568). 

QaUdCGwliamne),  whoflourished  aboat 
1490.  His  likeness  is  given  in  the 
fkxmtispieoe  of  the  ^S^  of  FooU  (1497). 

(^coT,  jester  of  Henri  III.  and  Henri 
IT.  AlejDsndte  Dumas  has  a  novel 
csUed  Chicot  ike  Jester  (155»-1691). 

CoujUHOUif  (Jemmy)j  predecessor  of 
James  Geddes,  jester  in  the  court  of 
Mary  qoeen  of  Scots. 

Coryatj  "  prince  of  non-official  jesters 
snd  coxcombs.**  Kept  by  prince  Henry, 
brother  of  Qiarles  I. 

CovuoK,  doctor  and  jester  to  Louis 
XYIII.  He  was  the  very  prince  of 
mimks.  He  sat  for  the  portraits  of 
ThJers,  Mol^  and  comte  Joseph  deVillUe 
(died  1858). 

Da'ooxbt  (Sir)t  jester  to  king  Arthur. 
He  was  knighted  by  the  king  himself. 

Dkasfb,  a  court  jester  to  James  I. 
Contemporary  with  Thom. 

DuTRESNOT,  poet,  playwright,  actor, 
gsrtater,  glass-manufacturer,  spend- 
ttuift,  wit,  and  honorary  fool  to  Louis 
XIY.  His  jests  are  the  ''Joe  Millers** 
of  France. 

Gkddes  (James),  jester  in  the  court  of 
Mary  queen  of  Scots.  He  was  daft,  and 
followed  Jemmy  Colquhomi  in  the  motley. 

Gu>BiKUX  (Le),  jester  of  Charles  le 
Hcardi  at  Burgundy* 

GovKLLA,  domestic  jester  of  the  duke 
of  Ferrara.  His  jests  are  in  print. 
Gooella  used  to  ride  a  horse  all  skin 
snd  bone,  which  is  spoken  of  in  Dim 
dmxole, 

Havod  (Jack)^  a  retainer  in  the  house 


of  Mr.  Bartlett,  of  Gastlemorton,  Worces- 
tershire. He  died  at  the  close  of  the 
eighteenth  century,  and  has  given  birth 
to  the  expression  *'  As  bi^  a  fool  as  Jack 
Hafod.'*  He  was  the  vlttmus  scurrantm 
m  Great  Britain. 

Hbtwood  (John),  author  of  numerous 
dramatic  works  (1492-1565). 

Jean  (Seigni),  or  "  Old  John  ;  **  so 
called  to  distinguirii  him  from  Jean  or 
Johan, called  Le  Folds  Madame (fl.  1380). 

JoHAN,  Le  Fol  de  Madame,  mentioned 
by  Marot  in  his  epitaphs. 

Johnson  (8,),  familiarly  known  as 
*Uord  Flame,**  the  character  he  ^yed 
in  his  own  extravaganza  of  nwrlo' 
Thrumbo  (1729). 

Kgaw  (General),  a  Saxon  general, 
famous  for  his  broad  jests. 

KiLLiGRBW  (Thomas)^  called  "king 
Charles's  jester*^  (1611-1682). 

LoNOKLY,  iester  to  Louis  XIII. 

Narr  (Alaus),  jester  to  Frederick 
"the  Wise,**  elector  of  IVnsna. 

Pace. 

Patch,  court  fool  of  Elizabeth  wife 
of  Henry  VII. 

Patchk,  cardinal  Wols^s  jester. 
The  cardinal  made  Henry  vIII.  a  pre- 
sent of  this  "  wise  fool,**  and  the  king 
returned  word  that  **  the  gift  was  a  most 
acceptable  one.'* 

Patison,  licensed  jester  to  sir  Thomas 
More.  He  is  introduced  by  Hans  Hol- 
bein in  his  famous  picture"  of  the  lord 
chancellor. 

Paul  (Jacob),  baron  Gundling.  This 
merryman  was  laden  with  titles  in  ridi- 
cule by  Frederick  William  I.  of  Prussia. 

Pearce  (Dickie),  fool  of  the  earl  of 
Suffolk.  Dean  Swift  wrote  an  epitaph 
on  him. 

Ray%re,  court  jester  to  Henry  I.  of 
Emrland. 

Rosen  (Kunz  von  der),  private  jester 
to  the  emperor  Maximilian  1. 

ScooAX,  court  jester  to  Edward  IV. 

SooLiA  (Cardinal),  the  fun-maker  of 
pope  Gregory  XVI.  He  was  succeeded 
by  Aopi. 

SoMERS  ( Will),  court  jester  to  Henry 
VIII.  The  effigy  of  this  jester  is  at 
Hampton  Court  And  in  Old  Fish  Street 
was  once  a  public-house  called  Will 
Somers's  tavern  (1490-1660). 

Stkhlin  (Professor),  in  the  household 
of  czarina  Elizabeth  of  Russia.  He  was 
teacher  of  mathematics  and  history  to 
the  ^rand-duke  (Peter  II.),  and  was  also 
his  licensed  buffoon. 

Tarleton  (Bichard),  the  famous  clown 


FOOLS*  PARADISE. 


846 


FOPPINGTON. 


and  jester  in  the  reign  of  qu^n  EUzabethi 
bat  not  attached  either  to  tiie  court  or  to 
any  nobleman  (1680-1688). 

Thom,  one  of  the  conrt  jesters  of 
James  I.    Contemporary  with  Derrie. 

TriboulbTi  court  jester  to  Louis  XII. 
and  Francois  I.  (1487-1686).  Licinio, 
the  rival  of  Titian,  took  his  likeness, 
which  is  still  extant. 

Wallett  (W.  F,)y  court  jester  to 
queen  Victoria.  He  styles  himself  "the 
queen*s  jester,**  but  doubtlessly  has  no 
warrant  for  the  title  from  the  lord  cham- 
berlain. 

Walter,  jester  to  oueen  Elizabeth. 

Will,  "  my  lord  of  Leicester's  jesting 
player;**  but  who  thU  "Will**  was  is 
not  known.  It  might  be  Will  Johnson, 
Will  Sly,  Will  Kimpe,  or  even  Will 
Shakespeare. 

YoRiCK,  jester  in  the  court  of  Den- 
mark. Referred  to  by  Shakespeare  in 
his  Bamletf  act  v.  sc.  1. 

(Dr.  Doran  published  The  History  of 
Court  Foots,  in  1868.) 

Fools*  Paradise,  unUwful  plea- 
sure ;  illicit  love ;  vain  hopes ;  the 
limbui  fatuorum  or  paradise  of  idiots 
and  fools. 

If  7*  Aould  iMd  bar  bite  a  fooTfe  puaMm,  H  ware  • 
■  .  .  .  twh>irioar.— ShakatpcM^,  JCoiim»  amd  JutUt, 
ILae.4(UB7). 


Foot.  The  foot  of  the  Arab  is  noted 
for  its  arch,  and  hence  Tennyson  speaks 
of  the  "  delicate  Arab  arch  of  [J/aucfs] 
feet.** — Matid,  xvL  1. 

Foot-breadth,  the  sword  of  Thoralf 
Skolinson  "  the  Strong  **  of  Norway. 

Ouarn-bKar  of  Riikoti  tba  Good, 
wharcwith  at  a  itroka  be  bawad 

Tba  nlllatona  thro'  and  Uiru' ; 
And  Foot-bf«adlb  of  Iboi-alf  "  Um  Strong  { *— 
Wera  not  ao  broad,  nor  >at  ao  toog. 

Nor  waa  Uialr  adfa  ao  tnia. 

longfaOow. 

Fopling  Flutter  (Sir),  "  the  man 
of  mode,**  and  chief  character  of  a 
comedy  by  sir  George  Etherege,  entitled 
7'he  Man  of  Mode  or  Sir  Fopiing  Flutter 
(1676). 

Foppery.  Vespasian  the  Koman 
emperor  had  a  contempt  for  foppery. 
When  certain  young  noblemen  came  to 
him  smelling  of  perfumes,  he  said  to 
tiiem,  "  You  would  have  pleased  me 
more  if  you  had  smelt  of  garlic.'* 

CTharlemagne  had  a  similar  contempt 
of  foppery.  One  day,  when  he  was 
hunting,  the  rain  poured  down  in  tor- 
rents, and  the  fine  furs  and  silks  of  his 
suite  were  utterly  spoilt.    The  king  took 


this  occasion  to  rebuke  the  court 
for  their  vanity  in  dress,  and  adviMd 
them  in  future  to  adopt  garments  more 
simple  and  more  serviceable. 

Foppington  (Lord),  ao  empty- 
headed  coxcomb,  intent  only  on  dress 
and  fashion.  His  ^vourite  oaths,  whidi 
he  brings  out  with  a  drawl^  are :  "  Strike 
me  dumb !  **  "  Split  my  windpipe !  **  and 
so  on.  When  he  loses  his  mistress,  he 
consoles  himself  with  this  reflection : 
"  Now,  for  my  part,  I  think  the  wisest 
thing  a  man  can  do  with  ao  adiing  heart 
is  to  put  on  a  serene  countenance ;  for  a 
philosophical  air  is  the  most  becoming 
thing  in  the  world  to  the  face  of  a  person 
of  quality.**— Sir  John  Yanbru^  TAe 
BMapse  (1697). 

Tba  dMamakar  la  r%«  JMapaa  taOa  levd  TopfUmm- 
ton  Uiat  bis  kmWilp  la  mlMalMD  In  aopporiiv  lli^  hla 


Foppington  {Lord),  a  young  married 
man  about  town,  most  intoit  upon  dress 
and  fiwhion,  whose  whole  life  b  con- 
sumed in  the  follies  of  play  and  sednc- 
tion.  His  ^vourite  oauis  are:  "Snn, 
bum  me!**  "Curse,  catch  me!'*  "SUp 
my  breath!**  "Let  me  Mood!**  "Run 
me  through!**  "Strike  me  stupid!" 
"  Knock  me  down !  **  He  is  reckoned 
the  king  of  all  court  fops. — Colley  Gib- 
ber, The  Careless  Huabmul  (1704). 

Maaklln  wfi:  "Natara  foaaad  CbOar  OUibar  for  a 
aosooinb  .  .  .  and  bis  uradominant  tandancjr  waa  to  ba 


anMN^  von 
Foppnigtoa 
and  noncfaa 


oonsiderad  among  man  as  a  leadar 

M  a  MaM  ^BVTON*    Hanca  •  •  •  nia    laad 

■a  a  nxkUl  Mr  drtas.  aad  tbat  bantoor 

noncfaalanoa  wbkb  dUUngDlabad  tba  saparlor  coa- 

eomba  of  tbat  dajr.*— Pangr,  AmtedttM. 

Foppington  {Lord),  elder  brother  of 
Tom  Fashion.  A  selfish  coxcomb,  en- 
gaged to  be  married  to  Miss  Hoyden, 
dau^ter  of  sir  Tunbelly  Clumsy,  to 
whom  he  is  personally  unknown.  His 
brother  Tom,  to  whom 'he  did  not  behave 
well,  resolved  to  outwit  him  ^  and  pass- 
ing himself  off  as  lord  Foppington,  ^ot 
introduced  to  the  family,  and  married 
the  heiress.  When  his  lordship  appeared, 
he  was  treated  as  an  impostor,  till  Tom 
explained  his  ruse;  and  sir  Tunbelly, 
being  snubbed  b^  the  coxcomb,  was  soon 
brought  to  acquiesce  in  the  change,  and 
gave  nis  hand  to  his  new  son-in-law  with 
cordiality.  The  favourite  oaths  of  lord 
Foppington  are :  "  Strike  me  dumb !  ** 
"  Strike  me  ugly !  **  "  SUp  my  vitals !  *• 
"Split  my  windpipe!**  "Kat  me !  *• 
etc. ;  and,  in  speaking,  his  affectation  is 
to  change  the  vowel  "o*'  into  a,  as  rat, 
navj,  resolve,  uaurld,  ordered,  movM, 
pound,  maunth,  long,  phUasapher, 


FORD. 


S47 


FORGERIES 


•o  on. — Shcridiii  A  Trip  to  Soar' 
(erowA  (1777). 

***  Thifl  oomedj  ii  The  Belapse, 
iligntlj  altered  and  euitailad. 

Ford,  a  gentleman  of  fortune  livinj^ 
at  Windsor.  He  aMames  the  name  of 
Brook,  and  bein^  introduced  to  sir  John 
Falstaff,  the  knight  informs  him  "of 
his  whole  course  of  wooing,**  and  how  at 
one  time  he  elnded  Mrs.  Ford's  jealous 
husband  by  beimr  carried  out  before  his 
ejes  in  a  buck-basket  of  dirty  linen. — 
Act  lit.  sc.  5. 

Mrs.  /brd,  wife  of  Mr.  Ford.  Sir 
John  Falstaff  pays  court  to  her,  and  she 
pretends  to  accept  his  protestations  of 
lore,  in  order  to  expose  Mid  punish  him. 
U«  hnsband  assumes  for  the  nonce  the 
name  of  Brook,  and  sir  John  tells  him 
fnMn  time  to  time  the  progress  of  his 
suit,  and  how  he  succeeds  in  duping  her 
fool  of  a  husband.— Shakespeare,  Merry 
Watetof  Wmdsor  (ib96). 

Fordelis  (3  «^/.)>  wife  of  Bran'di- 
mart  (Orlando's  intimate  friend).  When 
Brandimart  was  slain,  Fordelis  dwelt  for 
a  time  in  his  sepulchre  in  Sicily,  and 
died  broken-hearted.  (See  Fovodruu,)— 
Arioeto,  Orlando  Furioto  (1516). 

Forehead.  A  hi^^  forehead  was  at 
one  time  deemed  a  mark  of  beauty  in 
women ;  hence  Felice,  the  wife  of  Guy  of 
Warwick,  is  described  as  having  **the 
ssne  Ugli  forehead  as  Venus."— 2fis<orj/ 
«f  G^of  Warwkk. 

Fore'sisht  (3  «y/.),  a  mad,  snper- 
stitiotts  old  man,  who  **  consulted  the 
stars,  and  belieyed  in  omens,  portents, 
and  predictions."  He  referred  "man's 
goatidi  disposition  to  the  charge  of  a 
star,"  and  savs  he  himself  was  "bom 
whan  the  Ciab  was  ascending,  so  that  all 
his  affiurs  in  life  have  gone  backwards." 

IkMW  tka  rfsM.  uid  ttie  pbMCi.MMl  thdrhoMet; 
«f  BMCloiifi.  dtract  aiMl  ratngnde.  of  «xtB«, 


Kbow 


life  riMll  b« 


■  loom  or 
7»  w*»»Plij  J  —hnHwr  »tl  ww  mit  finlJin  nr 
Mt;'li  iaanajt  ArUI  be  pcwpcroot.  andartmUiuti 
mmmM.  or  atiOw  SMMh  rtcutwS.— H.  CoogiVTe.  L»m 
>^i«M.H.pSM). 

Forester  (Sir  PhStip),  a  libertine 
knigfaL  He  &oes  in  &kBgai9%  to  lady 
Bouwen*s  baU  on  his  return  from  the 
Continent,  but,  being  recognized,  decamps. 

Lady  Jemima  F^ster^  wife  of  sir 
Philip,  who  goes  with  her  sister  lady 
BothweU  to  consult  "the  enchanted 
mirror,"  in  which  they  discover  the  clan- 
destine marriage  and  infidelity  of  sir 
Philip.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Aunt  Margaret's 
afirrtr  (time,  WUlUm  III.). 


Forgeries  (Literary), 

Bertram  (C,  Juihu)^  professor  of 
E^lish  at  Copenhagen,  professed  to  have 
discovered,  in  1747,  the  De  Situ  Britannia 
of  Richardus  Corinensis,  in  the  library  of 
that  city;  and  in  1757  he  published  it 
with  two  other  treatises,  callinj^  the  whole 
The  Three  Writers  on  the  Ancient  History 
of  the  British  Nations  (better  known  as 
Scriptores  ^^^^  His  for^erv  was  ex- 
posed by  J.  £.  Mayor,  in  his  preface 
to  Bioardi  de  Cirenoestria  Speculum  his- 
Uviale, 

Chatterton  (Thomas) j  in  1777,  pub- 
lished certain  poems,  which  he  affirmed 
were  written  in  the  fifteenth  century  by 
Thomas  Rowley,  a  monk.  The  poets 
Gray  and  Bfason  detected  the  forgery. 

His  other  literary  forgeries  were:  (1) 
The  Pedigree  of  Burgwn  (a  Bristol  pew- 
terer),  professed  to  liave  been  discovered 
in  the  muniment-room  of  St.  Mary's 
C3iurch,      Redcliffe.      He     accordingly 

grinted  a  history  ol  the  "  De  Bergham  " 
&mily,  with  a  jpoem  called  l%e  i2o- 
maunt  of  the  Unyghte^  by  John  de 
Bergham  (fourteenUi  century).  f2)  A 
for^d  account  of  the  opening  <^  uie  old 
bridge,  signed  "  Dunhelmus  Bnstoliensis," 
and  professing  to  have  been  copied  from 
an  old  MS.  (8)  An  Account  of  Bristol, 
by  Turgotus,  "  translated  out  of  Saxon 
into  English,  bv  T.  Rowley."  This 
forgery  was  made  for  the  use  of  Mr. 
Catcott,  who  was  writing  a  histozy  of 
Bristol. 

Ireland  (8,  W,  H,)  published,  in 
folio,  1796,  Miscellaneous  Papers  and 
Instrumental  under  the  hand  and  seal  of 
William  Shakespeare,  including  the  tragedy 
of  King  Lear  and  a  small  fragment  of 
Hamlet,  from  the  oriainal,  price  £4  4s. 
He  actually  produced  MSS.  which  he 
had  forged,  and  which  he  pretended  were 
original. 

On  April  2,  1796,  the  play  of  Vorti- 
gem  and  Bowena,  "from  the  pen  of 
Shakespearo,"  was  announced  for  repre- 
sentation. It  drew  a  roost  crowded 
house :  but  the  fraud  was  detected,  and 
Ireland  made  a  public  declaration  of  his 
impositions,  from  be^nning  to  end. 

Mbntz,  who  lived  in  the  ninth  centurv, 
published  fifty-nine  decretals,  which  he 
asserted  were  by  Isidore  of  Seville,  who 
lived  three  centuries  previously.  I'he 
object  of  these  forged  letters  was  to  exalt 
the  papacy  and  to  corroborate  certain 
dogmas. 

At  Bremen,  in  1837,  were  printed  nine 
books  of  Sanciioni'atuox,  and  it  was  said 


FORGET-ME-NOTS. 


848 


FORTUNIO. 


tluit  the  M SS.  had  been  discovered  in  the 
convent  of  St.  Maria  de  Merinb&o,  by  a 
colonel  Pereiia  in  the  Portuguese  army  ; 
but  it  was  ascertained  that  tiiere  was  no 
such  convent,  nor  any  such  colonel,  and 
that  the  paper  of  this  "ancient"  MS. 
bore  the  water-mark  of  OsnabrOck  paper- 
mills. 

Forget-me-nots  of  the  Angels. 
So  Longfellow  calls  the  stars. 

BDenUy.  one  by  one,  in  Ae  InSnite  mewktvi  at  henTon. 
MoawBied  the  loreiy  itaa,  the  "  fotvU-m^nofW  of  tt* 
angeb. 

hoogftOfom,  X^aitftUiu  (1840). 

Forgive,  Blest  Shade  .  . .  This 
celebrated  emtaph  in  Brading  Church- 
yard. Isle  of  Wight,  is  an  altered  version, 
Dv  the  Rev.  John  Gill  (curate  of  New- 
church),  of  one  originally  composed  by 
Mrs.  Anne  Steele,  daughter  of  a  baptist 
minister  at  Bristol. 

Forgiveness. 

Fov«fT«De«  to  the  liUnred  dolh  belong : 

But  tfacy  ne'er  pardon  who  luure  done  the  wrong. 

Dnrdcn.  Tk»  Conquta  t/  eranada. 

Forks,  the  gallows.  (Latin,  furca») 
Cicero  {De  Div,^  i.  26)  says:  "Ferens 
fnrcam  ductus  est'*  ("he  was  led  forth, 
bearing  his  gallows").  **  Fnrcifer  *'  was  a 
slave  made  to  carry  a  /urea  for  pnnidi- 
ment. 

Fomari'na  (La),  so  called  because 
she  was  the  daughter  of  a  baker  (For- 
najo),  is  the  name  under  which  Raphacrs 
mistress  is  known.  Her  real  name  is  said 
to  have  been  Margherita.  Raphael  paint- 
ed several  portraits  of  this  woman,  the 
most  famous  being  in  the  UflSsi  Gallery 
at  Florence,  and  her  face  appears  to  have 
suggested  many  of  his  most  beautiful 
faces  in  other  works.     * 

Forrest  (George),  Esq.,  M.A.,  the 
rurni  de  plume  of  the  Rev.  J.  G.  Wood, 
author  of  Every  Boy's  Book  (1856),  etc. 

For'tinbras,  prince  of  Norway.— 
Shakespeare,  Hcunlet  (1596). 

Fortuna'tus,  a  man  on  the  brink  of 
starvation,  on  whom  Fortune  offers  to 
bestow  cither  wisdom,  strength,  riches, 
health,  beauty,  or  lon^  life.  lie  chooses 
riches,  and  she  gives  him  an  inexhaustible 
purse.  Subsequently,  the  sultan  gives 
him  a  wishing-cap,  which  as  soon  as  he 
puts  on  his  head,  will  transport  him  to 
anjr  spot  he  likes.  These  gifts  prove  the 
ruin  of  Fortunatus  and  his  sons. 

♦*♦  This  is  one  of  the  Italian  tales  called 
N^hts,  by  Straparo'la.    There  is  a  German 


version,  and  a  Freodi  one,  as  fmt  ba/ck  as 

1535.  The  story  was  dramatized  in  1668 
by  Hans  Sachs ;  and  in  1600  by  Thomas 
Dekker,  under  the  title  of  TAe  Fteasamt 
Comedie  of  Old  Fortunatus,  Ludwig 
Tieck  also  has  a  drama  upon  the  same 
subject. 

Hie  pone  of  Fortnnatut  could  not  npplr  yvo.— Hel* 
eroft,  Th*  Mood  to  Jtuin,  L  8. 

Foriunatus's  Purser  a  purse  which  was 
inexhaustible.  It  was  given  to  Fortu- 
natus by  Fortune  herself. 

Foritmatus's  Wishmg-oapj  a  cap  given 
by  the  sultan  to  Fortunatus.  He  had 
only  to  put  it  on  his  head  and  wish,  when 
he  would  find  himself  transported  to  any 
spot  he  liked. 

Fortune  of  Xiove,  in  ten  ooocs,  oy 
Antonio  Lofrasco,  a  Sardinian  poet. 

*'Brmf  boir  office."  cried  the  our*,  "rinoe  Apdlo «m 
Apollo,  and  the  Noaee  vera  Uie  obpring  of  Jove,  IbM* 
never  vm  a  better  or  more  deliffatftil  ToliuDe.  He  wbo 
bae  never  reed  U.  bat  mlesed  a  Amd  of  entertafauncnt. 
Give  it  me.  Mr.  Nkbolu:  1  woold  rather  have  that  book 
than  a  canoek  of  the  very  beet  Florence  dlk.''—GuTaatfliL 
/len  QttteeK  L  L  6  (MOM 

Fortune's  Frolic,  a  laroe  by 
Allingham.  Lord  Lackwit  died  suddenly, 
and  the  heir  of  his  title  and  estates  was 
Robin  Roughhead,  a  poor  labourer,  m- 
gaged  to  Dolly,  a  cottager's  daughter. 
The  object  of  the  farce  is  to  show  the 
pleasure  of  doing  good,  and  tiie  blessings 
which  a  little  liberality  can  dispense. 
Robin  was  not  spoilt  by  his  good  fortune, 
but  married  Dolly,  and  became  the  good 
genius  of  the  cottage  tenantiy. 

Fortunes  of  Kigel,  a  novel  by  sir 
W.  Scott  (1822).  TEs  story  mves  an 
excellent  picture  of  the  times  of  James  I., 
and  the  account  of  Alsatia  is  wholly 
unrivalled.  The  character  of  king  James, 
poor,  proud,  and  pedantic,  is  a  masterly 
historic  sketch. 

Fortunio,  one  of  the  three  daughters 
of  an  old  lord,  who  at  the  age  of  four 
score  was  called  out  to  join  the  army 
levied  against  the  emperor  of  Matapa . 
Fortunio  put  on  military  costume,  and 
went  in  place  of  her  father.  On  her  way, 
a  fairy  gave  her  a  horse  named  Com- 
rade, not  only  of  incredible  swiftness, 
but  all-knowing,  and  endowed  with 
human  speech  ;  she/  also  gave  her  an  in- 
exhaustible Turkey-leather  trunk,  full  of 
money,  jewels,  and  fine  clothes.  By  the 
advice  of  Comrade,  she  hired  seven  gifted 
servants,  named  Strongback,  Lightfoot, 
Marksman,  Fine-ear,  Boisterer,  Trinquct. 
and  Grugeon.  After  perfonning  severta 
marvellous  feats  by  the  aid  of  her  hone 


FORTY  THIEVES. 


849 


FOSTER. 


tad  lerrantsi  Foitanio  married  Alfnrite 
(3  syl.)  the  kin^of  her  country. — Com- 
ttMe  D*AunoT,  J^mry  Tales  (1682). 

*«*  The  tale  is  reproduced  in  Grimm's 
GMins, 

fbrtwtk/a  Bbraey  Comimde,  which  not 
onlj  possessed  incredible  soeed,  but  knew 
all  thills,  snd  was  giftea  wHh  human 


Fortrntio's  Attendmts, 

op  tiM  lakai  aii4  poodi.  1 

[^fejinoat  dBttoilB  UL    Ughtfoot  bnatod 

aad  cMiibt  harM  br  the  mn.     As  fcr 

Imt  paftrtdc*  mar  plwnt  »aj 

BHMirt  ol  tmo»  tUatcmaam  Aat, 

cHXjr  wttbout  ucoavenkmeew— Com* 

.  #Mnr  Tmim  ("  Fortonlo.''  MSt). 

Foriwno*s  Sisters,  Whatever  gifts 
Toitunio  sent  her  sisters,  their  touch 
rendered  Aem  immediately  wortiiless. 
Thus  the  coflfers  of  jewels  and  gold,  '*  be- 
came only  cut  ghMS  and  false  pistoles** 
the  moment  the  jealous  sisters  touched 
them. 

Forhmkfs  Tmrhey^eather  Tnmk,  full 
of  mits  of  all  sorts,  swords,  jewels,  and 
goUL  The  fairy  told  F<Mrtunio  '*  she 
Deeded  bat  to  stamp  with  her  foot,  and 
call  for  the  Turkey-leather  trunk,  and  it 
voold  always  come  to  her,  full  of  money 
and  jewels,  fine  linen  and  laces.** — Com- 
tesn  D*Amioy,  Fairy  Tales  (1682). 

Ycfttj  Thieves,  also  called  the  tale 
of^^AliBaba."  These  thieves  Uved  in  a 
vast  cave,  the  door  of  which  opened  and 
•hat  at  the  words,  "Open,  Sesamd!** 
^'Shnt,  SesamSr  One  day,  Ali  BatM, 
a  wood-moi^er,  accidentally  discorona 
the  sestet,  and  made  himself  rich  by 
curying  off  gold  from  the  stolen  hoards. 
The  captun  tried  several  schemes  to  dis- 
cover tne  thief,  but  was  always  outwitted 
by  Morgia'na,  the  wood-cn^er*s  female 
•Jave,  who,  with  boiling  oil,  killed  the 
whole  band,  and  at  lei^^  stabbed  the 
captain  himself  with  his  own  dagger. — 
Ar^Akm  Nights  ("  Ali  Baba  or  theForty 
TTuevea"). 

Forty-five  {No.  45),  the  celebrated 
number  of  Wilkes's  JvoHA  Britain^  in 
which  the  ministers  were  accused  of 
*(  patting  a  lie  into  the  king's  mouth.** 

Forwards  {Marshal).  Blucher  is  so 
called  fnr  his  dash  and  rcAdiness  to  attack 
in  the  campaign  of  1818  (1742-1819). 

Foeca'ri  (/Vtmeis),  doge  of  Venice 
for  thirty-five  years.  He  saw  three  of  his 
sons  die,  and  the  fourth,  named  Jac'opo, 
was  banished  by  the  Council  of  Ten  for 
taking  briba  from  his  country*s  enemies. 
The  M  doge  also  was  deposed  at  the  age 


of  84.  As  he  was  descending  the  **  Giant 
Staircase**  to  take  leave  of  his  son,  he 
heard  the  bell  announce  the  election  of 
his  successor,  and  he  dropped  down  dead. 

Joifopo  F69carL  ihe  fourth  and  only 
surviving  son  of  Francis  Foscari  the  doge 
of  Venice.  He  was  banished  for  taking 
bribes  of  foreign  princes.  Jacopo  had 
been  several  times  tortured,  and  died  soon 
after  his  banishment  to  Candia, — ^Byron, 
The  Two  Fosoari  (1820). 

%*  Verdi  has  taken  this  subject  for  an 
opeia. 

foes  {Corporal),  a  disabled  soldier, 
who  served  many  years  under  lieutenant 
Worthington,  and  remained  his  ordinary 
when  the  lieutenant  retired  from  the  ser- 
vice. Corporal  Foss  loved  his  master  and 
Miss  Emuv  the  lieutemmt*s  daughter, 
and  he  gloned  in  his  profession.  Though 
brusque  in  manner,  he  was  tender-hearted 
as  a  child. — G.  Colman,  The  Poor  Gentle- 
man (1802). 

*«*  Corporal  Foss  is  modelled  froa 
"corporal  Trim,**  in  Sterne's  Tristram 
Shandy  (1759). 

Fo88-'way»  the  longest  of  the  Roman 
roads,  from  Mt.  Michael,  in  C'Omwali,  to 
Caithness  (the  furthest  north  of  Scotland). 
Drayton  says  the  Foss-way,  Watling 
Street,  and  Iknield  Street  were  con- 
structed by  Mulmutins,  son  of  Cloten 
king  of  Cornwall,  who  gained  the  sceptre 
of  Britain  after  the  period  of  anan:hy 
which  followed  the  murder  <^  Porrex  by 
his  mother  (about  b.c.  700). 

The  F<M  exceeds  vutlWaMng  8trt«i]  namj  •  mfl«. 
That  holds  from  riiore  to  Aon  the  length  of  all  the  Uc^ 
Fion  vbere  rich  Cornwall  points  to  the  Iberian  seas, 
TIU  eoldsr  Cahhness  tells  the  scattered  Orcadet. 

Foster  (Cbptoin),  on  guard  at  Tully 
Veolan  ruin.— -Sir  W.  Scott,  Waveriey 
(time,  George  II.). 

Foster  J  the  English  champion. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  The  LaircTs  Jock  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Foster  {Anthony)  or  "  Tony-fire-the- 
Faggot,**  agent  of  the  earl  of  lieicester  at 
Cumnor  Place.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Kenil^ 
toorth  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Foster  {Sir  John),  the  English  warden. 
— Sir  W.  Scott,  iTie  Monastery  (time, 
Elizabeth). 

Foster  (Dr.  James),  a  dissenting 
minister,  who  preached  on  Sunday  even- 
ings for  above  twenty  years,  from  li'28- 
1749,  in  Old  Jewry  (died  1753). 

l*t  modest  Foster,  if  he  will,  excel 
Ten  metropolitans  in  preacUns  well. 


FOUL-WEATHER  JACK. 


850 


FOURTEEN. 


Poul-weathep  Jaok»  commodore 
Byron  (1723-1786). 

Foundling  {The).  Harriet  Ray- 
mond, whose  mother  died  in  childbirth, 
was  committed  to  the  charge  of  a 
gowoemante^  who  announced  to  her  father 
(sir  Charles  Raymond)  that  the  child  was 
dead.  This,  however,  was  not  true,  for 
the  gouvemarUe  changed  the  child's 
name  to  Fidelia,  and  sold  her  at  the  age 
of  12  to  one  Villiard.  One  night,  Charles 
Belmont,  passing  Villiard*s  house,  heard 
the  cries  of  a  girl  for  help ;  he  rescued  her 
and  took  her  to  his  own  home,  where  he 
gaye  her  in  charge  to  his  sister  Rosctta. 
The  two  girls  became  companions  and 
friends,  and  Oiarles  fell  in  love  with  the 
"foundling."  The  gowemante^  on  her 
death-bed,  revealed  the  secret  to  sirCharles 
Raymond,  the  mystery  was  cleared  up, 
and  Fidelia  became  the  wife  of  Charles 
Belmont.  Rosetta  gave  her  hand  to 
Fidelia's  brother,  colonel  Raymond.— 
Edward  Moore,  The  Foundling  (1748). 

Fountain,  Bellamore,  ard 
Hare'brain,  suitors  to  lady  Hartwell, 
a  widow.  They  are  the  chums  of  Valen- 
tine the  gallant,  who  would  not  be  per- 
suaded to  keep  his  estate. — Beaumont 
and  Fletcher,  Wit  mthaut  Money  (1639). 

Fountain  of  Xiife,  Alexander  Hales 
"Uie  In^ragible  Doctor"  (♦-1246). 

Fountain  of  Youth,  a  marvellous 
fountain  in  the  island  of  Bim'ini  (one  of 
the  Baha'ma  group).  It  had  the  virtue 
of  restoring  the  aged  to  youth  again.  In 
the  middle  ages  it  was  really  believed  to 
exist,  and  Juan  Ponce  de  Leon,  among 
other  Spanish  navigators,  went  in  serious 
quest  or  this  fountain. 

Four  King^  (The)  of  a  pack  of 
cards  are  Charlemagne  {the  Franco- 
German  king)f  David  (the  Jewish  king). 
Alexander  \tJie  Macedonian  king)j  and 
Oesar  (the  Roman  king).  These  four 
kings  are  representatives  of  the  four  great 
monarchies. 

Four  Masters  {The).  (1)  Michael 
O'Clerighe;  (2)  Cucoirighe  O^Clerighe; 
(3)  Maurice  Conry ;  (4)  Fearfeafa  0)nry. 
These  four  masters  were  the  authors  of 
the  Annals  of  Donegal, 

*0*  0*Clerighe  is  sometimes  Anglicized 
into  Clerksonf  and  Cucoirighe  into  Pere- 
grine, 

Four  Stones  marked  the  extent  of 
a  tumulus.  With  tlic  body  of  a  hero  was 
buried  his  sword  and  the  heads  of  twelve 


arrows;   while   on   the  surface  of   the 
tumulus  was  placed  the  hom  of  a  deer. 

Foot  stoiMi  rlM  on  lb*  grmw  of  CAthba,^,  .  .  C(Maba. 
■on  of  TOnaan.  than  w»rt  »  nnbMm  tn  arin.— Owan, 
lineal,  I 

Fourberies  de  Soapin  (Les)j  by 
Molifeie  (1671).  Scapin  is  the  valet  of 
L^ndre,  son  of  seigmor  G^ronte  (2  syL)i 
who  falls  in  love  with  Zerbinette,  sup- 
posed to  be  a  ^psy,  but  in  reality  the 
daughter  of  seignior  Argante  (2  syl.), 
stolen  by  the  gipsies  in  early  childhood. 
Her  brother  Octave  (2  syl,)  falls  in  love 
with  Hvacinthc,  whom  he  supposes  to  be 
Hvacinthe  Pandolphe  of  Tarentum,  but 
who  turns  out  to  be  Hyacinthe  G^ronte, 
the  sister  of  Lcandre.  Now,  the  npsies 
demand  £1600  as  the  ransom  of  Zer- 
binette, and  Octave  requires  £80  for  his 
marriage  with  Hyacinthe.  Scapin  ob- 
tains both  these  sums  from  the  fathers 
under  false  pretences,  and  at  the  aid  of 
die  comedy  is  broueht  in  on  a  litter,  with 
his  head  bound  as  if  on  the  point  of  death. 
He  begs  forgiveness,  which  he  readily 
obtains;  whereupon  the  "sick  man^' 
jumps  from  the  litter  to  join  the  biui- 
queters.    (See  Scapin.) 

Fourdelis,  personification  of  France, 
called  the  true  love  of  Burbon  (ffenri IV.), 
but  enticed  away  from  bim  by  Grantorto 
{rebellion),  TtAua  (power  or  might)  reaewiB 
her,  but  when  Burbon  catches  her  by  her 
"  ragged  weeds,"  she  starts  back  in  dis- 
dain. However,  the  knight  lifts  her  on  his 
steed,  and  rides  off  with  her.— Spenser, 
FbXry  Queen,  v.  2  (1596). 

Fou'rierism,  a  communistic  system ; 
so  called  from  Charles  Fourier  of  Besan^on 
(1772-1837). 

Fourolle  (2  ayl,),  a  Will-o'-the-wisp, 
supposed  to  have  the  power  of  charming 
sinful  human  beings  into  the  same  form. 
The  charm  lasted  for  a  term  of  years 
only,  unless  it  chanced  that  some  good 
catnolic,  wiping  to  extinguish  the 
wandering  flame,  made  to  it  the  sign  of 
the  cross,  in  which  case  the  sinful  creature 
became  a  f  ouroUe  every  night,  by  way  of 
penance. 

ShodoM  not  know  the  wny ;  Ae  U  not  botMrt,  Moos. 
Do  you  not  know — I  tun  AfrK'tl  to  Kty  It  au  ltd  .  .  .  mm  u 
— « fburoUal^T^mpto  Bar  {"  Bedde  the  Kinc."  1.). 

Fourteen,  the  name  of  a  yonng 
man  who  could  do  the  work  of  fourteen 
men,  but  had  also  the  appetite  of  four- 
teen men.  Like  Christoph'erus,  he  carried 
our  Lord  across  a  stream,  for  which  ser- 
vice the  Saviour  gave  him  a  sack,  saying, 
**  Whatever  vou  wish  for  will  come  into 


FOUKTEEH. 


851 


FRANCKSCA. 


thk  aaek,  if  you  only  say '  ArtchilA  mart- 
chi]*!"*  (w«.  "come  (or  go)  into  my 
nek**).  Fourteoi*!  last  achierement  was 
this :  He  wait  to  paradise,  and  being  re- 
fused admission,  poked  his  sack  throu^ 
the  keyhole  of  the  door ;  then  ci^ng  out 
'^ArtdiiU  mnrtchila!**  ("get  mto  the 
ssdc**),  he  looid  himself  on  the  other  side 
of  the  door:  and,  of  coorse,  in  paradise. — 
Rer.  W.  Webster,  Batmte  Leaends,  195 
(1W7). 

Ibmiten.  This  nnmber  plays  a  very 
eonsfMiioas  part  in  French  history, 
espeeiallyin  ue  rdgna  of  Henri  lY.  and 
Louis  XtV,    For  example : 

l«di  Hw.  MM;  tkajM*  Henri  vm  eooMcratid.  Md 
Mtt  MayTlSie.  fim  lam  Hmii  wtm  ■iwimri  li 

UhUgneampem  Iha uamf  at  M^mri ds Bourbon,  tb9 
UOt  king  «f  Wtmmeo  md  Kmsinl 

Mth  nwiiwfcw.  IMS  (MmkCmHm;  14  doemim.  mnd  14 
wmnfnm  tht  Mrt*  i/CSHiO.  H«iri  IV.  «m  bora.  Md 
IHi^ted  lii^irhif    II 

Urii  Mar.  UM.  HMri  IL  oHond  th«  enkrvnnent  of 
fltt  Bm  de  In  Ftonngfa.  Thk  otdar  «M  canted  oat, 
and  4  tfanaa  14  yann  Inlar  Henri  IV. 


Uib  Mir.  Un;  «M  tka  Mrthof  MMgarat  da  Vakdi;  fliat 
•MboTBanrilV. 


l«k  Mv.  ISSSw  flic  PitfWMW  revolted  i^liMt  Henri  in., 
'    itiiiliiSwilili  nf  Iliiirlilnriilii 


Mthlt 


USe^Banrf  IV.  gained  tbe  battle  oT  Itit. 
IV.  «M  eepotod  from  tbe  but' 


,  the  danphln  (Look  Xm.),  MB  of 


,aad4  ttawi  14  dan,  i.«.M  jean  and  S  montfaa. 
V.  ISA.  died  Lnb  XHL.  aim  of  Henri  IV.  (the 


r.  isn.  •* Tbe  SlitMn"  took  on<h  todle 
» ttebi«naaotkiai.  Henri  IV. 
r.  UK.  the  Paria  vartntont 
«to  papri  hd  whkh  eadadad  Henri  IV.  from  1 

Mhi 
laHneilV. 

l«hj 
Beari  IV.'. 

Mh  Maf.  mm;  BMraUne  BMBdered  Henri  IV.  In  tte 
BaidaktankoaMria.  Henri  IV.  Uved 4  tloMa  U  jreara 
14«  '     "' 

MtbMv 
■aMd^andMNtthaabtaSrtlMr).    And  1613  added  to- 
gHhvM :  jHt  ••  IMS  Mo  ktrtk^MonH  /r.).  14. 
Lanb  XI  vTMnmed  ae  throM  1S48.  which  added  to- 
>M. 

iXnr.  dtaid  171S.  which  added  taaiher-il4. 
1Mb  xnr.lvBd  77  yiw^  which  added  tMether-14. 
XV.  MM  wall  i  the  thnne  t7Ub  which  added  to- 

LaebXV.dbd  1774  (the  two  extnaaea  an  14.  and  the 
177-ML 
XVL  piihilBhii  the  edtaC  lor  the  confoenllon  of 
1  la  Om  14th  yeer  of  his  raign  (SqMember 

ff.msi.' 

LMb  XVIII.  WM  lartond  to  Che  thiOM;  Kapoleon 
nee  ef  Pnris"  waa  a|gn«l.and  the 
I  of  VIewiMk''  met  In  1814 ;  ana  thcae  tgurai 
r-W. 
la  lg»»  14.  wne  llw  death  of  the  dnedeRelchatadt  (only 
■neflCa|»leonLL 
In  tStt«14.  the  tew  waa  paand  Itar  the  fortifleatlon  of 


In  l8St.U.  Loida  PhlBppe«ed. 

Fourteen  Hundred  I  the  cry  on 
*Change  wlum  a  stranger  enters  the  sacred 
precincts.  Tbe  qoestion  is  then  asked, 
**WilI  yon  purchase  mv  new  navy  five 
per  cents.,  air  ?  **  after  which  the  stranger 
IS  hnstled  oat  without  mercy. 

Fox  {Thai),  Herod  Antipas  (b.o.  4  to 

A.D.89). 
Ge  gwl  toO  ttat  tac  IMioU.  I  cart  out  dorlk— 


Fox  (The  Old),  marshal  SonU  (176^ 
1861). 

Fozley  (Squire  MatthewY  a  maeis- 
trate  who  examines  Darsie  Latimer  \i.e, 
sir  Arthur  Darsie  Redgauntlet],  after  he 
had  been  attacked  by  the  rioters.— Sir 
W.  Scott,  Redgavmtlet  (time,  George 
III.). 

Fraoasse  (CapUaime)^  the  French 
Bombastes  Furioso. — ^Theophile  Gantier. 

Fra  Diavolo.  the  sobriquet  of 
Michel  Pozza,  a  Caiabrian  insurgent  and 
brigand  chief.  In  1799  cardinal  RufEo 
made  him  a  colonel  in  the  Neapolitan 
army,  but  in  1806  he  was  captured  by  the 
French,  and  hanged  at  Naples.  Anber 
has  a  comic-opera  so  entitled,  the  libretto 
of  which  was  written  by  Scribe,  but 
nothing  of  the  true  character  of  the 
brigand  chief  appears  in  the  opera. 

FradulHo  [t.^.  brother  Dovbf],  In 
his  youth  he  loved  Fnelissa,  but  riding 
with  her  one  da^  they  encountered  a 
knight  accompanied  by  Duessa  {false 
faith)  f  and  fought  to  decide  which  lad  v 
was  the  fairer.  The  stranger  knight  fell, 
and  both  ladies  being  saddled  on  the 
victor,  Duessa  dutnged  her  rival  into  a 
tree.  One  day  Fradnbio  saw  Duessa 
bathing,  and  was  so  shocked  at  her  de- 
formi^  tiiat  he  determined  to  abandon 
her,  but  the  witdi  anointed  him  daring 
sleep  with  herbs  to  produce  insensibility, 
and  then  planted  mm  as  a  tree  beside 
Fnelissa.  The  Red  Cross  Knight  plucked 
a  bough  from  this  tree,  and  seeing  with 
horror  that  blood  dripped  from  the  rift, 
was  told  this  tale  of  the  metamorphosis. 
— Spenser,  FaSry  Queen,  i.  2  (1690). 

Frail  (ifrs.),  a  demirep.  Scandal  says 
she  is  a  mixture  of  ^*  pride,  folly,  affec- 
tation, wantonness,  inconstancy^  covetous- 
ness,  dissimuUtion,  malice,  and  ignorance, 
but  a  celebrated  bmuty  "  (act  i.).  She  is 
entrapped  into  marriage  with  Tattle. — ^W. 
Ccmgreve,  Love  for  Looe  (1696). 

Franoatelliy  a  chef  de  cuisine  at 
Windsor  Castle,  Crockford's,  and  at  tbe 
Freemasons'  Tavern.  He  succeeded  Ude 
at  Oockford's. 

Frances,  daughter  of  Yandunke 
(2  syL)  bunfomaster  of  Bruges. — Beaa- 
mont  and  Fletcher,  The  Beggar^  liuah 
(1622). 

Franoesca,  daughter  of  Guido  da 
Polenta  Hord  of  Ravenna).  She  was  ^ven 
by  her  lather  in  marriage  to  Lanciotto, 


FRAKCESGA, 


853 


FRANKFORD. 


■on  of  Ifftlatetta  lord  of  Rimini,  who  was 
deformed.  His  brother  Paolo,  who  was 
a  handsome  man^  won  the  affections  of 
Francesca ;  but  being  caught  in  adultery, 
both  of  them  were  put  to  death  by  Lan- 
ciotto.  Francesca  told  Dantd  that  the 
tale  of  Lancelot  and  Guineyer  caused  her 
fall.  The  tale  forms  the  dose  of  Dante's 
ffetLwy  and  is  alluded  to  by  Petrarch  in 
his  Triumph  of  Love,  ilL 

*^*  Laigfa  Hunt  has  a  poem  on  the 
subject,  and  Silvio  Pellico  has  made  it 
the  subject  of  a  tragedy. 

/Vtinof  son,  a  Venetian  maiden,  daughter 

of  old  Minotti  governor  of  Corinth.    Alp, 

the  Venetian  commander  of  the  Turkish 

array  in  the  sittre  of  Corinth,  loved  her ; 

but  she  refused  to  marry  a   renegade. 

Alp  was  shot  in  the  siege,  and  Francesca 

died  of  a  broken  heart. — Byron,  Siege  of 

CoruUh  (1816). 

Madon,  Nwiha.  Laila.  TnneaKa,  and  ThwiMt.  It  hai 
bMo  alkfed.  an  bat  ehlldfcm  of  OM  CunUf .  witk  diC 
tavtMM  rentltinfl  from  dlnale  and  drcuinrtancia. — 
Vlnimk,  Byron  Bmmtim. 

%•  "Medora,"  in  The  Corsair;  "  Ncu- 
ha,'^  in  The  Isiand;  "LeUa,**  in  The 
Quumr ;  and  "Theresa,"  in  Maxeppa, 

Franoesoo,  the  "lago"  of  Mas- 
finger's  Duhe  0/  Milan  ;  the  duke  Sforza 
*<£e  More'*  bein^  **OtheUo;"  and  the 
CMise  of  hatred  bemg  that  Sforza  bad  se- 
duced "  Eugenia,'*  Francesco's  sister.  As 
lago  was  Othello's  favourite  and  ancient, 
so  Francesco  was  Sforza*s  favourite  and 
chief  minister.  During  Sforza's  absence 
with  the  camp,  Francesco  tried  to  corrupt 
the  duke's  beautiful  young  bride  Marcelia, 
and  being  repulsed,  accused  her  to  the 
duke  of  wishing  to  play  the  wanton  with 
him.  The  duke  believed  his  favourite 
minister,  and  in  his  mad  jealousy  ran 
upon  Marcelia  and  slew  her.  He  was 
then  poisoned  bj  Eugenia,  whom  he  had 
seduced.— Massmger,  The  Duke  of  MUan 
(1622).    (See  Francisco.) 

FranoiB,  the  faithful,  devoted  servant 
of  "the  stranger."  Quite  impenetrable 
to  all  idle  curiosity. — Benj.  Thompson, 
The  Stranger  (1797). 

Frandt  {Father),  a  Dominican  monk, 
the  confessor  of  Simon  Glover. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Fair  Maid  of  Perth  (time,  Henry 
IV.). 

Francis  {Father),  a  monk  of  th^)  con- 
vent at  Namur.— -Sir  W.  Scott,  Qu'sntm 
Vxtrward  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Franciscans.  So  called  from  St. 
Francis  of  Assisi,  their  founder,  in  1208. 


Called  "  Min'orites  "  (or  Inferiors),  from 
their  professed  humilt^ ;  "  Gray  Fruurs,'* 
from  the  colour  of  their  coarse  clothing ; 
"Mendicants,"  because  they  obtained 
their  daily  food  by  begging;  "Obser- 
vants," because  they  omeived  the  rale 
of  poverty.  Those  ^o  lived  in  convents 
were  called  "  Conventual  Friars." 

Franciscan  Sisters  were  called 
"Clares,"  "Poor  Clares,"  " Minoresses,'' 
"  Mendicants,"  and  "  Urbanites"  (8  syt.). 

Frands'oo,  the  son  of  Valentine. 
Both  father  and  son  are  in  love  with 
CeUide  {2  syL),  but  the  lady  natumUy 

5 refers  the  son. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher, 
fons.  TAomos  (1619). 

fhmcisfoo,  a  musician,  Antonio's  boy 
in  The  Chanoes,  a  comedy  by  Beaumont 
and  Fletcher  (1620). 

Francisoo,  younger  brother  of  Valen- 
tine (the  gentleman  who  will  not  be 
persuaded  to  keep  his  estate).  (See  Fran- 
cesco.)—Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  WU 
Without  Money  (1689). 

Fran^estan,  famous  for  enamel. 

or  ooovtadon  montah  Omb  tfa*  wawil  of  Fnua- 
SBMtaD.— W.  Ba^faid.  FalMI  (ITSI). 

Frank,  sister  to  Frederick ;  passion- 
ately in  love  with  captun  Jac'omo  the 
woman-hater. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher, 
The  Captain  (1618). 

Frankenstein  (8  syL),  a  student, 
who  constructed,  out  of  the  fragments  of 
bodies  picked  from  churchyards  and 
dissecting-rooms,  a  human  form  without 
a  soul.  The  monster  had  muscular 
strength,  animal  passions^  and  active  life, 
but  "no  breath  of  divinity."  It  longed 
for  animal  love  and  animal  sympathy,  but 
was  shunned  by  all.  It  was  most  power- 
ful for  evil,  and  being  fully  consaous  of 
its  own  defects  and  deformities,  sought 
with  persistency  to  inflict  retribution  on 
the  young  student  who  had  called  it 
into  being. — Mrs.  Shelley,  IhtrnkeneteiH 
(1817). 

In  tha  nmiMr  of  ISIt.  lori  B»TW  awl  Mr.  and  Mn. 

Eh  llogr  nddad  on  Um  banka  of  tha  lake  of  Oeneva  .  .  . 
aud  tha  Shdlart  often  jMUwd  Uiak  evenlngi  wf  th  Bjmw. 
athU  kotna  at  Modatl    Daring  a  waek  of  rain,  kavinc 


aauaad  thcmwivae  wUh  raadbif  Gannan  gbort 
ther  mnti  to  writ*  nniachlnc  In  tmitathw  of 
**  Yon  and  I."  Mid  lord  Byron  to  Mn.  ShuOqr.  "  vfll 
Mblbli  oun  toaether."  He  tken  ha^an  hii  tale  of  tba 
ramfjtrt  .  .  .  buttbeoMalmaRMrailepaitif  tkiattory^ 
talllnff  coaBpact  wm  Mn.  SbaUejr's  vUd  and  T«<««rf«ri 
romanoa of  Firankmntttn.—T,  Moora,  lAf99fr 


Frankford  {Mr.  and  Jfrs.^.  Mrs. 
Frankford  proved  unfaithful  to  lier  nuur- 
riage  vow,  and  Mr.  Frankford  sent  her 
to  reside  on  one  of  his  estates.    She  died 


FRAKKUN. 


868         FREDERICK  THE  GREAT. 


«f  irnef ;  bnt  on  her  death-bed  her  hus- 
band went  to  see  her,  and  forgave  her. — 
John  Heywood,  A  Womtm  KUkd  by 
I[mdnes9  (1675-1645). 

,  Pranklin  (Lady),  the  half-sister  of 
wJohn  Vesey.  and  a  young  widow. 
liidj  Franklin  nad  an  angelic  temper, 
wluch  nothing  disturbed,  and  she  really 
beIi«Ted  that  "whatever  is  is  best."  She 
eoold  benr  with  nnndned  feathers  even 
the  faiiare  of  a  new  eap  or  the  disappoint- 
nent  of  a  new  gown.  This  paragon  of 
w«HB«n  loved  and  married  Mr.  Graves, 
a  doloroos  widower,  for  ever  sighing  over 
the  superlative  excellences  of  his  **  sainted 
Mana,**  his  first  wife.— Lord  L.  Bulwer 
Lyttm,  Money  (1840). 

lymUk'tin  (  7%e  Poliah),  Thaddens  Csacki 
(17SS-1813). 

Franklin'tt  Tale  (The),  in  Chaucer's 
Oimterbmry  ToAn,  is  that  of  "Doi%en  and 
Arvir^Mu."  Doiigen,  a  lady  ^  rank, 
Bttmed  Arviragns,  out  of  pity  for  his 
Wvc  and  meduiess.  One  AurSlins  tried 
to  cormpt  her,  but  she  said  she  would 
never  listen  to  his  suit  till  **  on  these 
wisats  there  n'is  no  stone  y-seen.**  Aure- 
lins  contrived  by  ma^c  to  clear  the  coast 
«<  stooea,  and  Arvingus  insisted  that 
Dorigen  should  keep  touch  with  him. 
MThcn  Aurelius  heard  thereof,  and  saw 
the  deep  pief  of  the  lad^%  he  said  he 
wovld  latner  die  than  injure  so  true  a 
wife  and  so  noble  a  gentleman. 

%^  Tbim  tale  is  taken  from  l%e  L4- 
eoancrom^  x.  6.  (See  Dianora,  p.  251.) 
There  b  also  a  very  similar  one  in  Boc- 
aiO*s  Pkilooopo, 


{Charles^  a  light-hearted, 
joyooa,  enthusiastic  young  man,  in  love 
with.  Clarinda,  whom  he  marries. — Dr. 
Hoadly,  The  Snapidovm  Unaband  (1747). 


(Madcane),  bom  of  a  noble 
fiunOr,  is  proud  as  the  proudest  of  the 
old  French  nobtcase,  Oiptain  St.  Alme, 
the  son  of  a  merchant,  loves  her  daughter ; 
bat  tike  haughty  aristocrat  looks  with 
jHsrtsin  on  such  an  alliance.  However, 
,lfeer  daughter  Marianne  is  of  another  wav 
•f  thinking,  and  loves  the  merchant^ 
SOB.  Her  bnHher  intercedes  in  her  behalf^ 
and  madame  makes  a  virtue  of  necessitV) 
«rift  as  mncfa  grsoe  as  possible. — ^Th* 
.Holerofi,  T^tc  Dcaj  attd  Lhiuib  (USo). 

Traterefto,  a  fiend,  who  told  Edgar 
tibat  Nero  was  an  angler  in  the  Lake  of 
Darkness.  —  l^iakespeare,     Kmg     Lear 


Fraud,  seen  by  Dantd  between  the 
sixth  and  seventh  circles  of  the  Inferno. 

Hb  iMad  and  unwr  put  tipoa«l  on  luid. 
But  kid  aot  on  Um  abore  bis  b«ttal  train. 
Hb  Cm  Um  Mmbknee  of  ft  JiMt  nuui's  won 
(80  kind  and  grvcloiM  «M  iu  outwaid  cbocfi 
ThorMtWMMrpMitalL    Two  db^nr  dsvt 
BflndMd  to  tbo  arropltB.  and  tlie  back  and  br. 
And  eithflr  ride  wan  painted  o'er  with  nodea 
Andorbitu 

nut*.  BM,  XTIL  (ISM). 

Freckles  Cured.  ''  The  entrails  of 
crocodiles,"  says  Ovid,  "  are  excellent  to 
take  freckles  or  spots  from  the  face  and 
to  whiten  the  skin."  As  Pharos,  an  island 
in  the  mouth  of  the  Nile,  abounded  in 
crocodiles,  the  poet  advises  those  who  are 
swarthy  and  freckled  to  use  the  Phauan 
wash. 

IfiMrtbjr.  to  tba  Pharian  Tarniia  fljr. 

Ovfal.  i«r«  nT /«Mk  IH.  (B.a  4i 

Fred  or  Frederick  Lewis  prince  of 
Wales,  father  of  (xeoige  III.,  was  struck 
bv  a  cricket^ball  in  front  of  Cliefden 
House,  in  the  autumn  of  1750,  and  died 
the  following  spring.  It  was  of  this 
prince  that  it  was  written,  by  way  of 
epitaph : 

Re  wa«  aOr*.  and  !•  dead ; 
And  aa  It  i»  onljr  Fred. 
Whj.  there's  no  more  to  be  aaU 

Frederick,  the  usurping  duke,  fa^er 
of  Celia  and  uncle  of  Rosalind.  He  was 
about  to  make  war  upon  his  banished 
brother,  when  a  hermit  encountered  him, 
and  so  completely  changed  him  that  he 
not  only  restored  his  brother  to  his  duke- 
dom, but  he  retired  to  a  religious  house, 
and  passed  the  rest  of  his  life  in  penitence 
and  acts  of  devotion. — Shakespeare,  A9 
You  Like  It  (1698). 

Fred^erick,  the  unnatural  and  licentioas 
brother  of  Alphonso  king  of  Naples, 
whose  kin£|dom  he  usurped.  He  tried 
to  seduce  £vanthd  (3  «^/.),  the  chaste 
wife  of  Valeric,  but  not  succeeding  in  his 
infamous  design,  he  offered  her  as  a  con- 
cubine  for  one  month  to  any  one  who,  at 
the  end  of  that  period,  would  yield  his 
head  to  the  block.  As  no  one  would 
accept  the  terms,  Evanthd  was  restored 
to  her  husband. — ^^eaumont  and  FletdMr, 
A  Wife  for  a  Month  (1624). 

Frederick  (Aw),  a  Portuguese  merchant, 
the  friend  of  don  Felitc.— -Mrs.  (>entlivre. 
The  Wonder  (1714). 

Frederick  the  Great  in  Flight. 
In  1741  was  the  baUle  of  Molwitz,  in 
which  the  Prussians  carried  the  day,  and 
the  Austrians  fled ;  but  Frederick,  who 
commanded  the  cavalry,  was  put  to  fli|^ 

S  A 


FBEEBORN  JOHN. 


864 


FRIABS. 


early  in  the  action,  and  thinking  that  all 

was  lost,  fled  with  his  staff  many  miles 

from  the  scene  of  action. 

Pmkrlek  tfa*  On»t  from  MohHts  ddsned  to  ran. 
Bgrroo,  Don  Jtmm,  rUL  » (ISS^ 

Freeborn  John*  John  Lilboroe,  the 
repubUcan  (161&-1667). 

Freehold,  a  grumpy,  msty,  bat 
soft-hearted  old  gentleman  farmer,  who 
hates  all  Dew-&ngled  notions^  and  de- 
tests **  men  of  fashion."  He  hves  in  his 
farm-hoose  with  his  niece  and  daughter. 

Aura  Freehold^  daughter  of  Freehold. 
A  pretty,  courageous,  nigh-spirited  lass, 
who  wins  the  h^rt  of  Modely,  a  man  of 
the  world  and  a  libertine.— John  Philip 
Kemble,  The  Farm-house. 

Freelove  (Lady),  aunt  to  Harriot 
[Russet].  A  woman  of  the  world,  **as 
mischievous  as  a  monkey,  and  as  cunning 
too**  (act  i.  l).~George  Colman,  The 
Jealoiu  Wife  (1761). 

Freeman  {Charles),  the  friend  of 
Lovel,  whom  he  assists  in  exposing  the 
extravagance  of  his  servants. — Kev.  J. 
Townley,  High  Life  Below  Stairs  (1763). 

Fret^inan  (Sir  Charles)^  brother  of  Mrs* 
Sullen  and  friend  of  Aim  well. — George 
Farquhar,  The  Beaux*  Stratagem  (1705) « 

Free^man  (Mrs,),  a  name  assumed  by 
tiie  duchess  of  Marlborough  in  her  cor- 
respondence with  queen  Anne,  who 
called  herself  **  Mrs.  Morley." 

Freemason  (The  lady),  the  Hon. 
Miss  Elizabeth  St.  Leger  (aftenrards 
Mrs.  Aldworth),  daughter  of  Arthur  lord 
Doneraile.  In  order  to  witness  the  pro- 
ceedings of  a  lodge  held  in  her  fiber's 
bouse,  she  hid  herself  in  an  empty  clock- 
case;  but,  being  discovered,  she  was 
compelled  to  become  a  member  of  the 
craft. 

Freemasons'  Buildings.  St 
Paul*s  (Cathedral,  London,  in  604,  and 
St.  Peter*s,  Westminster,  in  606,  were 
both  built  by  freemasons.  Gundulph 
bishop  of  Rochester,  who  built  White 
Tcwer,  was  a  grand  -  master ;  so  was 
Peter  of  Colechurcb,  architect  of  Old 
London  Bridge.  Henry  VIL's  Chapel, 
Westminster,  is  the  work  of  a  master 
mason.  Sir  Thomas  Gresham,  who 
planned  the  Royal  Exchan^  was  also  a 
master  mason ;  so  were  Inigo  Jones  and 
sir  Christopher  Wren.  Covent  Garden 
llicatre  was  founded,  in  1808,  by  the 
prince  of  Wales,  in  his  capacity  of  grand- 
master. 


Free'port  (Sir  Andrtw),  a  Londoa 
morchant,  industrious,  generous,  and  of 
sound  good  sense.  He  was  one  of  the 
members  of  the  hypothetical  club  mider 
whose  auspices  the  Spectator  was  enter- 
prised. 

Freiherr  von  Guttin^n«  having 
collected  the  poor  of  his  netghbonxhood 
in  a  great  barn,  burnt  them  to  death,  and 
mocked  their  cries  of  agony.  Being 
invaded  by  a  swarm  of  mice,  he  shot 
himself  up  in  his  castle  of  GOttingen,  in 
the  lake  of  Constance ;  but  the  vermin 
pursued  him,  and  devoured  him  alive. 
The  castle  then  sank  in  the  lake,  and 
may  still  be  seen  there.    (See  Hatto.) 

Freischilts  (fi^)y  »  legendanr 
German  archer,  in  league  with  toe  devlL 
The  devil  gave  him  seven  balls,  six  of 
which  were  to  hit  with  certainty  any 
mark  he  aimed  at ;  bnt  the  seventh  was 
to  be  directed  according  to  the  will  of 
the  giver.— Weber,  Der  FreiackUx  (an 
opera,  1822). 

*«*  The  Ubietto  is  by  F.  Kind,  tnkea 
from  Apel*s  Geepensierbwik  (or  glioai 
book).  A  translation  of  Apel's  stoiy 
may  be  found  in  De  Quinoey  s  works. 

Freron  (Jean),  the  person  bitten  by 
a  mad  dog,  referred  to  by  Goldsmith  m 
the  lines: 

The  UMi  fcoorwed  of  Um  btt* 
Tba  dof  It  «M  tiiftt  dM. 


Vn  Mrpsat  aordlt  Jmb  Pthw,  th  bl«t 
L«  Mrpaat  en  monniC 

eibbom /»mMm  «Mrf /m;  ««8^  viL  4  (miM^ 


Freston,  an  enchanter,  introduced  in 
the  romance  of  Don  Belia'nis  of  Qreeoe, 

FresUm,  the  enchanter,  who  bore  don 
Qmxote  especial  ill-will.  When  the 
knight's  library  was  destroyed,  he  w»»m 
told  that  some  enchanter  had  carried  off 
the  books  and  the  cupboard  which  con- 
tained them.  The  niece  thought  the  en- 
chanter's name  was  Munaton ;  bat  the 
don  corrected  her,  and  said,  **  Yon  mean 
Freston."  <'Tes,  yes,"  said  the  mece, 
"  I  know  the  name  ended  in  ton.^ 

**nMtPl«toii."Midttiekiilsht.**lidolMuaD  tiw 
nkehM  his  natofoleiioa  can  litftnt;  birtl  nsB>d  kte 
BoC— Ch.  7. 

"That  cofMd  FiwUm,"  mU  tlM  kulsht.  **wbo 


mr  ckiMt  and  books,  has  tnAsfonnod  tiao  lianli  Into 
vtatelUi"  (ch.  B^-€enmmm,  Don  Qnfart^lTl.  { 


(MSSf. 

Friars.  The  four  great  rdigions 
orders  were  Dominicans,  Franciscans, 
Augustines,  and  Car'melites  (8  sy/.). 
Dominicans  are  called  black  friars,  Finn* 
ciscans  gray  fiiars,  and  the  other  two 
white  fnars.  A  fifth  order  was  the 
Trinitarians  or  Crutched  friars,  a  later 


fBIAR*STALE. 


866 


FROa 


The  Dominicans  wen  fnr- 
an&naon  ealled  Fratres  MajoreSy  and  the 
FnoKiaeaiis  Pratr*$  Minorcs, 

(For  friars  lamed  in  fable  or  wbary,  tee 
mder  each  lespectiye  name  or  peen- 
doojm.) 

Friar's  Tale  (The),  br  Chancer,  in 
The  Ctmterbiury  Tales  (1888).  An  arch- 
deacon onployed  a  snm^oor  as  his 
■ecret  spy  to  find  oat  offenderSf  with  the 
Tiew  m  exacting  fines  from  them.  In 
ordo'  to  accomplish  this  more  effectually, 
the  sompnonr  entered  into  a  compact 
with  the  devil,  disguised  as  a  yeoman. 
Those  who  imprecated  the  devil  were  to 
be  dealt  with  by  the  yeoman-devil,  and 
tLose  who  imprecated  (rod  were  to  be 
tiie  smnpoonrs  share.  They  came  in 
time  to  an  old  woman  '*  of  whom  they 
knew  DO  wrong,**  and  demanded  twelve 
pence  *^fbr  cnrsing.**  She  pleaded 
poTcity,  when  the  sompnonr  exclaimed, 
^Tbe  fool  fiend  fetch  me  if  I  excose 
thee!"  and  imoMdiately  the  fonl  fiend 
at  his  side  did  seise  him,  and  made  off 
with  hias  too. 

Pribl>Ie.  a  contemptible  molly- 
coddle, ironbled  with  weak  nerves.  He 
'*  speaks  bke  a  lady  for  all  the  world,  and 
never  swears.  ...  He  wears  nice  white 
gloves,  and  tells  his  lady-love  what 
ribbons  become  her  complexion,  where 
to  stick  her  patches,  who  is  the  best 
Milliner,  where  they  sell  the  best  tea, 
what  is  the  best  wash  for  the  fsoe,  and 
the  beat  paste  for  the  hands.  He  is 
always  playing  with  his  lady*s  fan,  and 
liummg  hia  te^h.**  He  says  when  he  is 
Biarried : 


(17m. 


vlll  h»  takan  from  my  wW» 

tfa*  tM.  inab  tb0  do^  Mid  draa 

r—O.  Gwrlck.  Mtm  1m  Bmr  Tmm  IL 


Friday  (ITy  »"««)♦  »  yonng  Indian, 
whom  RotoiMon  Cmsoe  saved  from  death 
on  a  Friday,  and  kept  as  his  servant  and 
eompanion  on  the  desert  island. — Defoe, 
^  •  '^  Onuoe  (1709). 


Friday  Street  (London).  So  called 
because  it  was  the  street  of  fishmongers, 
who  served  the  Friday  markets. — Stow. 

Friday  Tree  (A),  a  trial,  mis- 
fofftone,  or  cross;  so  called  from  the 
''accursed  toee"  on  which  the  Saviour 
cradfied  on  a  Friday. 


Friend    (The    Poor    Man's),    Nell 
Gwynna  (1642-1691). 

Friend  of  Man  (The),  the  marquis 
de  Mirabean ;  so  called  from  one  of  his 


books,  entitled  L'Ami  des  JJomtnes  (1715- 
1789). 

Friends. 

Frenchmen :  Montaigne  and  Etienne  de 
laBoCtie. 

Germans :  (joethe  and  Schiller. 

Greeks:  Achillas  and  Patroclos; 
Diomedds  and  Sthen'alos ;  Rpaminondas 
and  Pelop'idas ;  Harmo'dias  and  Aristo- 
gi'ton ;  Hercules  and  lola'os ;  Idomeneus 
(4  syl.)  and  Merlon  ;  Pyl'ades  and  Ores'- 
t^;  Septim'ios  and  AJcander;  Theseus 
(2  syl.)  and  Pirith'oOs. 

Jews:  David  and  Jonatnan;  Christ 
and  the  beloved  disciple. 

Syracusians:  Damon  and  Pythias; 
Saonarissa  and  Amdret. 

Trojans:  Misus  and  Eury'alns. 

Of  Feudal  History:  AmjB  and  Amy- 
lion. 

Friends  Falling  out. 

tW)rUloia.i 

./>i#rr 


tv.SOMI. 

Friendly  (Sir  Thomas),  a  gouty 
bsronet  living  at  Friendly  Hall. 

Lady  Friendly,  wife  of  sir  Thomas. 

Frank  FriencUy,  son  of  sir  Thomas 
and  fellow-eollegian  with  Ned  Blushing- 
ton. 

Dinah  Friendly,  daughter  of  sir 
Thomas.  She  marries  Edward  Blushing- 
ton  ''the  bashful  man."— W.  T.  Mon- 
crieff,  The  Bashful  Man, 

Frithiof  IFrityof],  a  hero  of  Ice- 
landic stonr.  He  married  InsCborg 
[In,ge,boy'e},  daughter  of  a  pett^  Norwe- 
gian king,  and  the  widow  of  Unng.  His 
adventures  are  recorded  in  an  ancient 
Icelandic  saga  of  the  thirteenth  century. 

*^*  Bishop  Tegner  has  made  tnis 
story  the  groundwork  of  his  poem  en- 
tiUed  Fyithjofs  Saga, 

Frithiof  8  Sword,  Angurva'del. 

%♦  Frithiof  means  **  peace-maker,** 
and  Angurvaiel  means  '*  stream  of  an- 
guish.'* 


Frederick    II. 
(1712, 


"the 
1740- 


FritB  (Old), 
Great,**  king  of 
1786). 

ISrUx,  a  gardener,  passionately  fond  of 
flowers,  the  only  subject  he  can  talk 
abont.—E.  Stirling,  The  Friaoner  of 
State  (1847). 

Frog  (Ific),  the  linen-draper.     The 

Dntdi  are  so  called  in  Arbuthnot*s  Bistory 

of  John  Bull, 

Nlo.  Frac  WM  •  comiliis,  4f  fosMt  <|iilte  tb0  tcvMw  of 
John  [SHirlln  maagrpankMlan:  oomUmm,  tngti ;  ataxtod 
doBMtte  aftlfs ;  voold  piBflb  hU  taUr  toMM  hb  poeksti 


FROLLO. 


866 


FUDGE  FAIOLT. 


nefw  hMt  ft  ftfthing  bjr  ow«le«  •orniats  or  bad  debti. 
He  did  not  care  much  for  any  lort  of  dlvenlon*,  except 
trkka  of  high  German  artists  and  lefardenialn ;  no  man 
exceeded  Nk.  lu  these.  Yet  It  must  be  owned  ihat  Nic 
trasahir  dealer,  andin  th  at  wax  acqulrad  ImmeoM  ridbM. 
^Dr.  ArbuUiuot,  UUtor9t/J9hm  itM»  r.  (171S). 

%•  "Frogs"  are  caUed  Dutch  nights 
ingalea, 

Frollo  (Claude),  an  archdeacon,  ab- 
sorbed bv  a  search  after  the  philosophers* 
stone,  lie  has  a  great  reputation  for 
8anctity,  but  entertains  a  CNtse  passion 
for  Esmeralda,  the  beautiful  gipsy  girl. 
Quasimodo  flings  him  into  the  air  from 
the  top  of  Notre  Dame,  and  dashes  him  to 
death. — ^Victor  Hugo,  Notre  Dame  de 
Pane  (1831). 

Fronde  War  {The),  a  political 
squabble  daring  the  ministnr  of  liaz'- 
arin  in  the  minority  of  Lonis  XTV.  (1648- 
1653). 

Frondeur.   a   "Mrs,   Gandonr,**  a 

backbiter,  a  railer,  a  scandal-monger ;  any 

one  who  flings  stones  at  another.   (French. 

frondeur,  "aslinger,'*/nmdl0,  "a  sling.") 

••  And  what  aboot  DIebltMh  t"  becan  MMttMr  fhmdear. 

Frondeurs,  the  malcontents  in  the 
Fronde  war. 

Tbejr  wert  like  adioonMys  who  ding  itonee  aboat  the 
streets.    MTben  no  eye  b  npon  them  they  are  boM  as 
bttlllee:  but  tbe  moment  a^'polioenuui'*approacbeih  off 
per  to  any  dltoh  for  eonceahneot— Montglat 


tbtv 

Front  de  BoBUf  (Sir  Segmald),  a 
follower  of  prince  John  of  Anjou,  and 
one  of  the  knight's  challengers.— Sir  W. 
Scott,  Ivanhoe  (time,  Richard  1.). 

Frontaletto,  the  name  of  Sa'cri- 
pant's  horse.  'The  word  means  "Little 
bead."— Ariosto,  Orlando  Furioso  (1516). 

Fronti'no,    the    horse    of    Brada- 

man'te  (4  eyl,),    Roge'ro's  horse  bore  the 

same  name.    The  word  means  "Little 

heaJ."— Ariosto,  Orlando  Frwioao  (1616). 

Hie  renowned  Frontino,  wbkk  BradamantA  imrrhasfd 
at  su  bigh  a  price,  could  never  be  thought  thy  equsd  [Le. 
iees<iMUWtf'«ef«Mi/).— CervanlBik  Am  QiUwto  (1606). 

Froet  (Jack),  Frost  personified. 

Jack  Frost  looked  forth  one  itlll.  dear  nUit, 
And  he  aald.  "  Kow  I  AaU  be  oat  of  s^t; 
So  over  the  vaOey  and  over  the  height 
In  sUeoee  I'll  take  mf  vsy." 

MlaOoald. 

Froth  (Master),  a  foolish  gentleman. 
Too  shallow  for  great  crime  and  too  light 
for  virtue. — Shakespeare,  Measure  for 
i/«wiir»X1603). 

Froth  (Lord),  a  ^ood  boon  companion ; 
but  he  vows  that  "he  Uughs  at  nobody's 
iestt  but  hb  own  or  a  hwiy's."  He  says, 
**  Nothing  is  more  unbecoming  a  man  of 


quality  than  a  laugh  ^  'tis  such  a  vulgar 
expression  of  the  passion  ;  every  one  can 
laugh."  To  lady  Froth  he  is  mort  gallant 
and  obsequious,  though  her  fidelitv  to  her 
lieffe  lord  is  by  no  means  immacmate. 

ijody  Froth,  a  lady  of  letters,  who  writes 
songs,  elegies,  satires,  lampoons,  plays, 
and  so  '^.  She  thinks  her  lord  the 
most  polished  of  all  men,  and  his  bow 
the  pn^rn  of  ^prace  and  el^^ce.  She 
writers  an  heroic  poem  called  2%«  Syl- 
labub, the  subject  of  which  is  lord 
Froth*s  love  to  herself.  In  this  poem 
she  calls  her  lord  "Spumoso"  (Frothy, 
and  herself  "  Biddy "  Qier  own  name). 
Her  conduct  with  Mr.  Brisk  is  most  blam- 
able.— W.  Congreve,  The  DoMe  DeaUr 
(1700). 

Frothal,  king  of  Soia,  and  ton  of 
Annir.  Beuur  driven  by  tempest  to 
Samo,  one  of  the  Orkney  Islands,  he  was 
hospitably  entertained  by  the  king,  and 
fell  in  love  with  ConuJla,  dangfaier  of 
Stamo  king  of  Inistore  or  the  Orkneys. 
He  would  have  carried  her  off  by  violeoce, 
but  her  brother  Cathnlla  interfved,  bound 
Frothal,  and,  after  keeping  him  in  bonds 
for  three  days,  sent  him  out  of  the  island. 
When  Stamo  was  gathered  to  his  fathers, 
Frothal  returned  and  laid  siege  to  the 
palace  of  Cathulla ;  but  FingsT,  happen- 
ing to  arrive  at  the  island,  met  Frothal 
in  single  combat,  overthrew  him,  and 
would  have  slain  him,  if  Utha  his  oe- 
trothed  (disguised  in  armour)  had  not 
interposed.  When  Fingal  knew  that 
Utha  was  Frothal's  sweetheart  he  not 
only  spared  the  foe,  but  invited  both  to 
the  palace,  where  they  passed  the  night  in 
banquet  and  song. — Ossian,  CarriO'Thura, 

Fruit  at  a  CalL  In  the  tele  of 
"The  \Miite  Cat,"  one  of  the  fairies,  in 
order  to  supply  a  certain  queen  with  ripe 
fruit,  put  her  finders  in  her  month,  blew 
three  times,  and  tnen  cried : 

Aprloota,  peaches,  nectarlacs,  pfamts.  dierrtaa.  peara. 
MMC  SniPM^   applMt  orangea.   dmma,  jwweberrtea. 


corranta.  strawberries,  raspbertiea.  and  all  sorts  of  fnilt ; 
come  at  my  call  I"  . . .  And  they  came  rolling  la  wlthoat 
ItUonr.-CoaatasH  VAmyof,  /Wry  IWas  ("Ihe  WhUa 
CM.MSBDL 

Fuar'&d  (3  aylX  an  island  of  Scan- 
dlnavia. 

Fudffe  Familv  (The),  a  family 
supposed  bv  T.  Moore  to  be  visiting 
Pans  after  the  peace.  It  consists  of  Pha 
Fudffo,  Esq.,  his  son  Robert,  his  daughter 
Biddy,  ana  a  poor  relation  named  Phelim 
Connor  (an  ardent  Bonapartist  and  Irish 
patriot)  acting  as  bear^leader  to  Bob. 
These  four  write  letters  to  their  friends 


FlTLGEirriO. 


867 


FUBOB. 


in  E&^Aiid.      The  akit  is  meant  to 
tinxe  iheparvenu  English  abro«d. 

PAa  J^idgcy  E9q.,  father  of  Bob  and 

Biddj  Fadg«;    a  hack  writer   deroted 

to  l^tiniacj  and  the  Bourbons.     He 

is  a   seerei  ag«it  of   lord   Castlereagfa 

££ar.*s/.ray3 ,  to  whom  he  addrnses  letters 

n.  and  ix.,  And  noints  ont  to  his  lordship 

that  BobeTt  Fnoge  will  be  Teiy  glad  to 

raoeiTe  «  mng  Government  appointment. 

and  hopes  that  his  lordship  will  not  fail 

Id  bear  him  in  mind.    Letter  yL  he  ad- 

dimes  to  his  brother,  showing  how  tha 

Fadge  fiamOy  is  prospering,  imd  ending 

tins: 

t  ■till  «)0)r  the 
MMtofOMdera^ 
toMethvday 

wfUal 


Of 
1 


Mis»  BMy  Fudoe^  a  sentimental  giri 
af  18,  in  love  with  "  romances,  high  wtn- 
acta,  and  Mde.  le  Bo^.**  She  writes 
letteca  l^  ▼.,  x.,  and  xii.,  describing  to 
her  friend  Dolly  or  Dorothy  the  sights 
ef  Fkria,  and  especially  how  she  be- 
coaies  Acquainted  with  a  gentleman 
whom  she  believes  to  be  the  king  of 
Prassia  in  disguise,  but  afterwards  she 
fiscovers  that  her  dis^ised  king  calls 
kiauelf  "  colonel  Calicot."  Going  with 
her  brother  to  buy  some  handkerchiefs. 
her  viflioos  of  glory  are  sadly  dashed 
whoi  "  the  hero  she  fondly  had  fancied 
a  kniK**  turns  out  to  be  a  common 
Itncn-waper.  '*  There  stood  the  vile  trea- 
dicroaa  thing,  with  the  yard-measure  in 
Ids  hand.**  *"  One  tear  of  compassion  for 
your  poor  beut-broken  friend.  P.S. — 
Tou  will  be  delighted  to  know  we  are 
foin^  to  bear  Brunei  to-ni^t,  and  have 
obtained  the  governor's  box ;  we  shall  all 
ajoy  a  hearty  good  laugh,  I  am  sure.** 

B^J^  or  Rdbert  Fudge,  son  of  Phil 
Fadge,  Esq.,  a  young  ex<^uisite  of  the 
int  water,  writes  letters  iii.  and  viiL  to 
his  friend  Richard.  These  letters  describe 
how  French  dandies  dress,  eat,  and  kill 
tine-^T.  Moore  (1818). 

%*  A  sequel,  called  Thg  Fudge  Fcmuty 
m  SmgtoHd,  was  published. 

Polffentio,  a  kinsman  of  Boberto 
(king  o^  the  two  Sicilies).  He  was  the 
most  rising  and  most  insolent  man  in 
the  court.  Cami'ola  calls  him  "a  suit- 
broker,**  and  savB  he  had  the  worst  report 
smoog  allgood  men  for  bribery  and  ex- 
UHtioa.  Inis  canker  obtained  the  king's 
leave  for  his  marriage  with  Camifila,  and 
he  pleaded  his  suit  as  a  right,  not  a  favour ; 
bat  the  lady  rejected  him  with  scorn,  and 
d  killiMl  the  arrc^nt  "  sprig  of  no- 


bility **  in  a  dneL — Massinger,  The  Maid 
of  Honour  (1037), 

Fulmer,  a  man  with  many  shifts, 
none  of  which  succeeded.    He  ssjtb  : 


**  I  b>fw  bMt  throMfli  fry  qoatfr  of  the  cowp—  .  .  . 
1  httre  hiiliiwid  for  pwfOfitlTe;  I  hsfv  heSuwe^  for 
fteeduni ;  I  bsrt  ofltecd  to  otrTe  nnr  ooontry ;  I  bBT« 
1  to  betnr  H  .  .  .  I  haw  talked  tweoo.  writ 
.  .  .  And  hve  I  wt  ap  m  a  bodudler.  bat  mea 
rrw iilin .  aad  If  1  wia  to  tara  btfUbm,  I  boMore 
.  ..  thojr'dlHifooffeattBS.''— ActU.L 

Patty  Fuimer,  an  unprincipled^  flashy 
woman,  living  with  Fnlmer,  with  the 
brev^  rank  of  wife.  She  is  a  swindler, 
a  scandal-monger,  anything,  in  short,  to 
turn  a  penny  by  :  but  her  villainv  brings 
her  to  grief. — (yumberiand,  The  West 
Indian  (1771). 

Fum,  George  IT.  The  (}hine8e  fum 
b  a  mixture  <d  goose,  stag,  and  snake, 
with  the  beak  of  a  cock  ;  a  combination 
of  folly,  cowardice,  malice,  and  conceit. 


le  ftan  the  f^aith.  oar  royal  bMt 

Bfnm,  DomJmam,  tL79(UlB0. 

Fuxn-Hoam.  the  numdarin  who  re- 
stored Malek-al-Salem  king  of  Georgia 
to  his  throne,  and  related  to  the  king*s 
daughter  Gulchenraz  [Gundogdi]  his 
numerous  metamorphoses:  He  was  first 
Piurash,  who  murdered  Siamek  the 
usurper :  then  a  flea ;  then  a  little  dog ; 
then  an  Indian  maiden  named  Massouma ; 
then  a  bee ;  then  a  cricket ;  then  a  mouse ; 
then  Al»enderoud  the  imaum';  then  the 
daughter  of  a  rich  Indian  merchant,  the 
Jezatid  of  lolcos,  the  greatest  beau^  of 
Greece;  then  a  fotmdling  foimd  by  a 
dyer  in  a  box ;  tiioi  Dugmd  queen  of 
Persia;  then  a  young  woman  named 
Hengu;  then  an  ape;  then  a  midwife's 
dauniter  of  Tartaiy ;  then  the  only  son 
of  the  sultan  of  A^ra ;  then  an  Arabian 
physician ;  then  a  wild  man  named  Kolao : 
then  a  slave;  then  the  son  of  a  cadi  of 
ErzerAm ;  then  a  dervise ;  then  an  Indian 
prince;  and  lastly  Fum-Hoam. — ^T.  S. 
Gueulette,  Chmeee  Taies  (1723). 

Fmi^Hoam,  first  president  of  the  cere- 
monial academy  of  Pekin. — Goldsmith, 
Citizen  of  the  World  (1764). 

Fumitory    {^^  earth-smoke  *%    once 

thought  to  be  beneficial  for  dimness  of 

sighL 

[r»«  keraiirl  flonltarr  s>ti  aad  flfe-brliht  for  the  07«w 
fingrton.  pSp^Oicm,  xllL  (1«13). 

Flin^'so,  a  character  in  Ben  Jon- 
son's  drama.  Every  Man  in  His  Uunumr 
(U98). 


PalaAyaeTuagoee  fai  the  play. 
Pope^  JlMay  on  CritUitm,  \ 


0711). 


F*uror  {intemperate  anger),  a  mad  man 


k 


FUSBERTA. 


358 


GABRIEL  LAJEUNNESSB. 


of  great  strength,  the  son  of  OccMion. 
Sir  Guyon,  the  **Kni^t  of  Temperance/' 
overcomes  both  Furor  and  his  mother, 
and  rescues  Phaon  from  their  clutches. — 
Spenser,  Fairy  Queen,  iL  4  (1590). 

Fusber'ta»  the  sword  of  Rinaldo. — 
Ariosto,  Orlando  Furioao  (1516). 

FusIkmsi,  minister  of  state  to  Artax- 
am'inous  king  of  Uto'pia.  When  the 
king  cuts  down  the  boots  which  Bombast^ 
has  hung  defiantly  on  a  tree,  the  general 
engages  the  king  in  single  combat,  and 
Slavs  him.  Fusbos,  then  coming  up, 
kills  Bombastfis,  **  who  conquered  lUl  but 
Fusbos,  Fusbos  him.**  At  the  dose  of 
the  farce,  the  slain  ones  rise  one  after 
the  other  and  join  the  dance,  promising 
*'to  die  again  to-morrow,**  if  the  audience 
desires  it. — W.  B.  Rhodes,  Bombastes 
Fttrioao, 

F^bos,  a  nom  de  plwne  of  Henry  Plnn- 
kett,  one  of  the  first  contributors  to  Pwich, 

Fy'rapel  (Sir),  the  leopard,  the 
nearest  unsman  of  king  Lion,  in  the 
beaat^c  of  Reynard  the  Fax  (U98). 


a. 


Qabble  Betcdiet,  a  cry  like  that  of 
hounds,  heard  at  night,  f  orebodiuj^  trouble. 
Said  to  be  the  soms  of  unbaptized  chil- 
dren wandering  through  the  air  till  the 
day  of  judgment. 

Qabor,  a  Hungarian  who  aided 
Ulric  in  saving  count  Stral'enheim  ^m 
the  Gderj  and  was  unjustly  suspected  of 
being  his  murderer. — ^Byron,  Werner 
(1825). 

QalMel  (2  or  8  syL),  according  to 

Milton,  is  called  "chief  of  the  angelic 

guards**  (Paradise  Lost,  iv.  549)  ;  but  in 

bk.  vi.  44,  etc,  Michael  is  said  to  be  **  of 

celestial  armies  prince,'*  and  Gabriel  **  in 

military  prowess  next.** 

Go^  MkhMl.  of  oekMlBl  armlw  priMai 
And  thou  fa  miUtaty  prowai  owtt, 
Gabriel ;  iMd  fdrUi  to  iMttIo  Umh  BUT  MM 
tovtadlric 

MlUoB.  FurmdiM  Lmt.  tL  U.  ate.  {inm. 

*«*  Gabriel  is  also  called  "  The  Mes- 
senger of  the  Messiah,**  because  he  was 
sent  by  the  Messiah  to  execute  his  orders 
on   the   earth.     He   is  referred   to   in 


Daniei  viu.  16,  ix.  21 ;  and  In  Luki  i. 

19,  26. 

Oabriel  (according  to  the  Kordn  and 
Sale's  notes) : 

1.  It  is  from  this  angel  Uiat  Ma- 
homet professes  to  have  received  the 
Kordn ;  and  he  acts  the  part  of  the  Holy 
Ghost  in  causing  believers  to  receive  the 
divine  revelation. — Oi.  ii. 

2.  It  was  the  angel  Gabriel  that  won 
the  battle  of  Bedr.  Mahomet's  forces 
were  319,  and  the  enemy*s  a  thousand  : 
but  Gkibriel  (1)  told  Mahomet  to  throw 
a  handful  of  dust  in  the  air,  and  on  so 
doing  tht  eyes  of  the  enemy  were  "  con- 
founded;** (2)  he  caused  the  army  of 
Mahomet  to  appear  twice  as  numy  as 
the  army  oppcMMd  to  it :  (8)  he  brought 
from  heaven  WN)0  angels,  and,  mounted 
on  his  horse  Halzum,  lea  them  against 
the  foe. — Oh.  iii. 

8.  Gabriel  appeared  twice  to  Ma- 
homet in  his  angelic  form:  first  **ia 
the  highest  part  of  the  horizon,**  and 
next  *^by  the  lote  tree**  on  the  right 
hand  of  the  throne  of  (xod. — Ch.  lir. 

4.  (iabriel*s  horse  is  called  Hals&m, 
and  when  the  golden  calf  was  made,  a 
little  of  the  dust  from  under  this  horse's 
feet  being  thrown  into  its  mouth,  the  csdf 
began  to  low,  and  received  life. — Ch.  iu 

Oabriel  (according  to  other  legends)  : 

The  Persians  caU  Gabriel  "  the  angel 
of  revelations,**  becsuse  he  ia  so  fre- 
quently employed  by  God  to  cany  His 
messages  to  man. 

The  Jews  call  Gabriel  their  enemy, 
and  the  messenger  of  wrath:  but  Michsel 
they  call  their  mend,  and  the  messenger 
of  all  good  tidings. 

In  mediaval  romanoe,  Gabriel  is  the 
second  of  tiie  seven  spirits  which  stand 
before  the  throne  of  God,  and  he  is 
frequently  employed  to  carry  the  prayevs 
of  man  to  heaven,  or  bring  the  messages 
of  Grod  toman. 

Longfellow,  in  tiie  Oolden  LegemL 
makes  Gabriel  '*  the  angel  of  the  moon,'^ 
and  sa3rs  that  he  **  brings  to  man  the  gift 
of  hope.** 

Gabriel  Iinjeiiiineflee,  son  of 
Basil  the  blacksmith  of  Grand  Prd,  in 
Acadia  (now  Neva  Sooiia),  He  was 
legally  plijp^ted  to  Evangebne,  dangfater 
of  Benedict  Bellefontaine  (the  richest 
farmer  of  the  village) ;  but  next  day  all 
the  inhabitants  were  exiled  by  order  of 
Geor;^  II.,  and  their  property  confiscated. 
Gabnel  was  parted  from  his  troth-plight 
wife,  and  kvangeline  spent  her  wViis 


GABRISLLE. 


859 


GALAHAD. 


life  in  trying  to  find  him.  After  manj 
wsaderings,  the  went  to  Philadelphia, 
and  becnme  a  sister  of  mercy.  The 
^•gne  viaHed  this  cttj,  and  in  the  alm»- 
Wose  the  sister  saw  an  old  man  stricken 
down  bj  the  pestiienoe.  It  was  Gabriel. 
He  tried  to  whisper  her  name,  bat  died 
in  tlie  attempt.  He  was  boned,  and 
Krsn^eline  lies  beside  him  in  the  grave. 
— U^^fellow,  Evangelint  (1849). 

OftbrieUe  {CharmaiUe)^  or  La  Belle 
Gdbrielie^  danghter  of  Antoine  d'Estr^ 
(gnnd-master  of  artillar  and  governor 
o!  the  lie  de  France).  Henri  IV.  (1590) 
hsfpened  to  stay  for  tiie  night  at  the 
rtiatean  de  Goeovres,  and  fell  in  love  with 
Gabnelle,  then  19  j^ears  old.  To  throw 
a  veil  over  his  intrigue,  he  gave  her  in 
■airian  to  Damoval  de  Uanconrt. 
created  her  dnchess  of  Beaufort,  and 
took  her  to  live  with  him  at  court. 

The  song  b^inning  "Charmante 
>  .  •**  is  ascribed  to  Henri  IV. 


Q«bri'na»  wife  of  Arge'o  baron  of 
Serria,  tried  to  seduce  Philander,  a 
Dsteh  knigfat ;  but  Philander  fled  from 
&e  hooae,  where  he  was  a  guest.  She 
tibcn  accaaed  him  to  her  husband  of  a 
vaaton  inaolt,  and  Argeo,  having  appre- 
hended him,  confined  nim  in  a  dungeon. 
One  day,  Gabrina  visited  him  there,  and 
iMplond  him  to  save  her  from  a  kn^ht 
wIm  soo^t  to  didionoor  her.  Philander 
willia^y  eaponsed  her  cause,  and  slew 
fte  km^it.  who  proved  to  be  her  hns- 
hand.  Gaorina  tnen  toM  her  duunpion 
that  if  he  rafnsed  to  many  her,  she  wonld 
atcaso  him  of  murder  to  the  magistrates. 
Ob  Ikis  threat  he  married  her,  but  ere 
kag  waa  killed  by  poison.  Gabrina  now 
wandered  about  tM  country  as  an  old 
hag,  and  being  fastened  on  Odori'co,  was 
kmg  by  him  to  the  branch  of  an  ehn. — 
Aiioato,  Orlando  iW-ioso  (1516). 

Qabrioletta*  i^ovemess  of  Brittanv, 
icscned  by  Am'adis  de  Gaul  from  the 
hands  of  BaUn  ^**the  bravest  and 
itKMyt  of  all  gianta"). — Vasco  de 
Lobeua,  Amadie  de  Oaul,  iv.  129  (four- 
tenth  centnry). 

Ofldshin,  a  companion  of  sir  John 
FalatalL  This  thief  receives  his  name 
bom  a  place  called  Gadshill,  on  the 
Kentish  road,  notorious  for  the  many 
lobbeiies  committed  there.  —  Shake- 
speare, 1  Bemrif  /K  act  IL  sc  4  (1597). 

OalMrifl  (^),  son  of  Lot  (king  of 
Ofekuey)  and  Moigause  (king  Arthur's 
aisfeer).     Being   taken   captive   by   sir 


Turquine,  he  was  liberated  by  fir 
Launcelot  du  Lac.  One  night,  sir  (vaheria 
cau^t  his  mother  in  adultery  with  sit 
Lamorake,  and,  holding  her  by  the  hairy 
struck  off  her  head. 


own  nothart  Wbh  nor*  right  rfumkl  yt  Iwto  ddn  dm." 
.  .  .  And  when  It  «m  known  UmU  rir  Guhtrh  bad  riala 
hk  nothar.  Ung  ArtlMW  was  p^ng  wroth,  and  vom- 
■uuided  hhn  to  knvt  hk  caart.->abr  T.  Maloij,  MUtwrn 
t^  fHmc$  ArOm,  U.  lOS  (1470). 

Oaiour  \IHow,*r].  emperor  of  China, 
and  father  of  Badoura  (the  "  most  beau- 
tiful woman  ever  seen  upon  earth*'). 
Badoura  married  Camaral'zaman.  the  most 
beautiful  of  men. — ArrUnan  Niqhte  (**  Ca- 
maralzaman  and  Badoura*').  (See 
Giaour.) 

Qal'ahad  {8ir\  the  chaste  son  of  sir 
Launcelot  and  the  fair  Elaine  (king 
Pelles's  daughter,  pt.  ill.  2).  and  thus  was 
fulfilled  a  prophecy  that  she  should  be- 
come the  mother  of  the  noblest  knight 
that  was  ever  bom.  Queen  Guenever 
says  that  sir  Launcelot  **came  of  the 
eighth  degree  from  our  Saviour,  and  sir 
Galahad  is  of  the  ninth  . . .  and,tnerefore, 
be  they  the  grc»test  gentlemen  of  lUl  the 
world"  (pt.  iii.  35).  His  sword  was 
that  which  sir  Balin  released  from  the 
maiden's  scabbard  (see  BALi2f),  and  his 
(di*eld  belonged  to  king  Euelake  [Eve^ 
/oAff],  who  received  it  from  Joseph  of 
Arimathy.  It  was  a  snow-white  sLleld, 
on  which  Joseph  had  made  a  cross  with 
his  blood  (pt.  iii.  89).  After  divers 
adventures,  sir  Galahad  came  to  Sarras, 
where  he  waa  made  king,  was  shown  the 
sangraal  by  Joseph  of  Arimathy,  and 
even  **  took  the  Lord's  body  between  his 
hands,"  and  died.  Then  suddenly  **a 
great  multitude  of  angels  bear  his  sonl 
up  to  heaven,"  and  '*  sithence  was  never 
no  man  that  could  say  he  had  seen  the 
san^Teal"(pt.iu.  108). 

Sir  Galahad  was  the  only  knisdit  who 
oould  sit  in  the  **  Si^ge  Penlous,"  a  soit 
in  the  Bound  Table  reserved  for  the 
knight  destined  to  achieve  the  quest  of 
the  holy  graal,  and  no  other  person 
could  sit  in  it  without  peril  of  his  life 
(pt.  iii.  82).  He  also  drew  from  the 
iron  and  marble  rock  the  sword  which 
no  other  knight  could  release  (pt.  iii.  88)« 
His  great  adiievement  was  tnat  of  the 
holy  graaL  Whatever  other  persons 
may  say  of  this  mysterious  subject,  it 
is  quite  certain  ttiat  the  Arthurian 
legends  mean  that  sir  Galahad  saw  with 
his  bodily  eyes  and  touched  wiUi  hit 
hands  **the  incarnate  Saviour,"  rqNro- 
duoed  by  the  consecration  of  the  elonenli 


GALAHALT. 


860 


GALERANA. 


«#  bread  and  wine.  Other  persons  see 
tlie  transformation  by  the  eje  of  faith 
only,  bat  sir  Galahad  saw  it  bodily  with 
his  eyes. 

TlMBth«yiba|»tookftwate,vlMi«UMMl*in  tha 
Bkenew  of  bnmi,  aiid  at  the  liftli«  m  [(*«  eUwatUm  ^ 
lk«  Amc]  th«f«  cane  %  flnire  in  tha  likaaai  of  a  chQd. 
•ad  tha  vtaape  vai  aa  red  and  a«  brlfbt  aa  fire ;  and  ha 
■note  hfaoaeiffaito  that  hcaad;  to  tbejrMW  that  the  brawl 
waa  Corand  oT  a  Inhlr  man.  and  then  ba  pot  It  taito  the 
holjr  VMMl  apdn  .  .  .  then  \thm  HakopJtiiHk  the  holy 
vaad  and  oum  to  ah-  Gabdiad  aa  he  kneeled  down,  and 
there  he  reeeiTed  his  Saviour  .  .  .  then  went  he  and 
kteed  ah-  Bon  ...  and  kneded  at  the  table  and  BHMie 
liia<prair«n:  and  nddenhr hia aoul  departed  .  .  .  and  a 

Kt  nmlUtnda  of  angab  bear  hU  Mai  to  hearen.— «r  T. 
M7.  mtt^rg  <^  PHmm  Arthwr,  UL  101-lOi  (1470)l 

♦,♦  Sir  Galahalt,  the  son  of  sir  Brew- 
nor,  must  not  be  confounded  with  sir 
Galahad,  tiie  son  of  sir  Liumcelot. 

Oalahalt  {Sir),  called  <<The  Hant 
Prince,"  son  of  sir  Brewnor.  He  was  one 
of  the  knights  of  the  Bound  Table. 

*«*  This  knight  must  not  be  con- 
founded with  sir  Galahad,  the  son  of  sir 
Launcelot  and  Elaine  (daughter  of  kins 
PeUds).  * 

Gftl'antyse  (3  ^/.),  the  steed  giren 
to  Graunde  Amoure  by  king  Melyx3ras. 

And  I  mjraelfe  ihall  sH«  yoa  a  irarthr  aM*. 

CdOed  Galantyaa.  to  beipe  yoa  in  ytm  node. 

Itaphen  Havet,  The  Paue-tfrn*^  PUmr*,  zziHL  (UU). 

Qalaor  {Don),  brother  of  Am'adis  de 

Gaul.    A  desuitor  amorisj  who,  as  don 

Quixote    says,  "made    love   to   every 

pretty   girl   he   met."    His   adventures 

form  a  strong  contrast  to  those  of  his 

more  serious  brother. — Amadia  de  Oaul 

(fourteenth  century). 

A  barber  hi  the  Tllkfla  fanblBd  that  none  eqoaDed 
"Thr  Knight  of  ttw  Son"  (Lc  AmadUl  exoept  don 
O^x  hia  bKMher.-^Car«ant<a.  ZKm.  qJLSUlL  tl 

Qal'apas.  a  giant  of  <*  marvellous 
height "  m  the  army  of  Lucius  king  of 
Rome.    He  was  slain  by  king  Arliinr. 

«f''5^'^**^'T?*f '"^  «*"'  named  Galapm.  .  . . 
He  riM>rt«ned  hini  bf  anhlng  off  both  hia  leas  at  tlM 
kneea,  aaylng.  ••  Now  art  thou  better  of  a  daa  to  deal 
with  than  thoa  wart."  And  after,  he  nnote  off  hia  head. 
-«r  T.  Mahitr.  JTMarr  ^  Prim*  Artkmr,  L  110 
(1470). 

GNUAph'ron  or  Gallaphbonb  (3 
sy/.),  a  king  of  CJathay,  father  of  An- 
gelica.—Bojardo,  Orlando  Innamorato 
(1495) ;  Anosto,  Orlando  FvHoao  (1616). 

Whea  African  .  .  .  baalc«ed  AUnoea  .  .. 
The  dtjr  of  GnUaphtone,  whence  to  wis 
The  iOreat  of  berMx,  Angrika. 

MQton.  ParaaUe  ftgntntt,  UL  (1671). 

Qalasp,  or  rather  George  Gillespie, 
meotioned  by  Milton  in  Sonnet,  x.,  was 
a  Scottish  writer  against  the  indepen- 
dents, and  one  of  the  **  Assembly  of 
Divines"  (1683-1648). 

Gfilate'a,  a  sca-nymph,  beloved  by 


Polypheme  (3  9vl.),  She  herself  had  a 
hearteche  for  Acis.  The  jealous  giani 
crushed  his  rival  under  a  huge  rock,  and 
(valatCa,  inconsolable  at  the  loss  of  her 
lover,  was  changed  into  a  fountain.  Tlie 
word  Galatea  is  nsed  poetically  for  way 
rustic  maiden. 

*«*  Handel  has  an  opera  called  Ada 
and  Galatea  (1710). 

OalaU^a,  a  wise  ana  modest  lady  at- 
tending on  tiie  princess  in  tiie  dimm*  of 
Philaner  or  Love  Lie*  oMeedmg,  by- 
Beaumont  and  Fletdier  (1608). 

Gkd'atine  (3  eyU),  the  .sword  of  sir 
(laVain,  k^;  Arthur*s  nephew. — Sir 
T.  Malory,  EMory  of  Prmoe  Arthur,  L 
93  (1470). 

Gkdbraitll  {Major  Ihmcan),  of  (3a»- 
chattachin,  a  militia  ofBoer.--Sir  W. 
Scott,  Bdb  Boy  (time,  Geoige  I.). 

Gktleiiy  an  apotiieeary,  a  medical  man 
(in  disparagement^.  (Salen  was  the  most 
celebrated  physician  of  ancient  Greece, 
and  had  a  greater  influence  on  medical 
bcienoe  than  any  other  man  before  or 
since  (a.9.  13(^200). 

Vaatvad.  fooBg  Galan  bean  Iba  hoatfla  1 
PiBi  la  hb  taar  and  CUDea  fai  hk  fronts 
Wm.  FUooMK.  n« 


(Dr.  William  OiUen,  of  Hamilton, 
Lanarkshire,  author  of  Nosology,  1712-- 
1790.) 

Gkilen'ioal  ICedioinea,  berbe  and 
drugs  in  general,  in  contradistinction  to 
minerals  recommended  by  Panoel'sns. 

Gal'enist,  a  herb  doctor 

The  GaUnbt  and  PataoeUan. 

8. Batltf.  imatbna, IL SOVSK 

G&leotti  Martivalle  {Martius)^ 
astrologer  of  Louis  XL  Being  asked  by 
the  superstitious  king  if  he  knew  the  day 
of  his  own  death,  Uie  crafty  astrologer 
replied  that  he  could  not  name  the  exact 
day,  but  he  had  learnt  thus  much  by  his 
art — ^that  it  would  occur  just  twenty-four 
hours  before  the  decease  of  his  majesty 
(ch.  xxix.). — SirW.  Scott,  QventmDw^ 
ward  (time,  Edward  lY.). 

*^*  ThrasuUus  Uie  soothsayer  made 
precisely  the  same  answer  to  Tibe'rius 
emperor  of  Rome. 

Galera'na  is  called  by  Anosto  liie 
wife  of  Gharlemagne;  but  uie  nine  wives 
of  that  emperor  are  usually  given  aa 
Hamiltrude  (3  sy/.),  Desideca'ta,  Hil'de- 
garde  (3  evL),  Fastrade  (2  syLY,  Loit- 
garde,  Malt^arde,  Gersuinde,  Begi'na. 


GALORE. 


861 


GALLO-MANIA. 


i  AdftlWda. — ^Arioeto,  Orkmdo  FurioBo, 
'    (1616). 


Ckd^re  (3  <y/.).  (hie  dkMe  allaU^ 
fmre  dan*  cette  gatire^  Scapin  wants  to 
^ei  fTMB  G^ronte  (a  nuBerlv  old  hunks) 
£1500,  to  help  Leaodre,  the  old  man  s  son, 
ovit  of  ft  money  diflBcnlty.  So  Scapin 
Tampe  up  a  cock-and-bull  storj  aboat 
Leaiuiic  bcinff  invited  by  a  Turk  on  board 
bis  galley,  where  he  was  treated  to  a  most 
■wptooos  repast;  bat  when  the  yonng 
ssan  was  abcnt  to  quit  the  galley,  the 
Turk  told  him  he  was  a  prisoner,  and 
demanded  £(500  for  his  ransom  within 
two  hours*  time.  When  G^ronte  hears 
tiuB,  he  exclaims,  "Que  diable  allait-il 
Ikire  dans  cette  giU^?**  and  he  swears 
he  will  arrest  ue  Turk  for  extortion. 
Bemg  shown  the  impossibility  of  so  doin^. 
he  apun  exclaims,  **  Que  disble  allait-u 
fsiie  dans  oette  gal^?  **  and  it  flashes 
into  his  mind  that  Scapin  should  giye  him- 
fldf  np  as  surety  for  the  payment  of  the 
nuuon.  This,  of  course,  Scapin  objects 
to.  The  old  man  again  exclaims,  **  Que 
fiaUe  allait-il  faire  dans  cette  galore? ** 
and  commands  Scapin  to  go  and  tell 
the  Tnk  that  £1500  is  not  to  be  picked 
•ff  a  hedge.  Scapin  says  the  Turk  does 
Bot  care  a  straw  about  that,  and  insists 
on  the  ransom.  "  Mais,  que  diable  allait- 
il  faire  dans  cette  galbre  ?  **  cries  the  old 
honks ;  and  tells  &apin  to  go  and  pawn 
certain  goods.  Scapip  replies  there  is  no 
time,  the  two  hours  are  nearly  exhausted. 
"  Q»e  <fiahle,**  cries  the  old  man  again, 
"•naii-il  faixe  dans  cette  gal^?**  and 
wkeo  at  last  he  gives  the  money,  he 
w peats  tiie  same  words,  "Mais,  que 
«Babie  allait-il  faire  dans  cette  galore  ?  ** 
— ^Molftre,  Ln  F(mrberie$de  Scapm,  ii.  11 

-71). 

Vogme  la  galhv  means  "come  what 


(l«7y. 


»  c« 


let  idiat  will  happen. 


Gttle'siaii  Wool,  the  best  and  finest 
wool,  taken  from  sheep  pastured  on  the 
Bkcadows  of  Qalesus. 


.ILS^lO. 

Gttl'fraoilB,  chief  of  the  Caledonians, 
who  resisted  AgricSla  with  great  valour. 
Is  A.i>.  84  he  was  defeated,  and  died  on 
the  field.  Tacltos  puts  into  his  mouth  a 
soble  meech,  made  to  his  army  before 
Am  battle. 


.'niL  a  Moorish  princess,  daoghter 
ife  king  of  Tolfido.    Uer  father 


built  for  her  a  palace  <m  the  Tagus,  so 
splendid  that  "  a  palace  of  Galiana  **  has 
become  a  proverb  in  Spain. 

Gtalien  Bestowed,  a  medissval 
romance  of  chivalry.  Galien  was  the 
son  of  Jaqueline  (daughter  of  Hugh  king 
of  Constantinople) .  H  is  father  was  count 
Oliver  of  Vienne.  Two  fairies  interested 
themselves  in  Jac*ieline*8  infant  son :  one, 
named  Galienne,  liad  the  child  nam^  after 
her,  Galien;  and  the  other  insisted  that 
he  should  be  called  "  Restored,"  for  that 
the  boy  would  restore  the  chivalry  of 
Chariemagne. — ^Author  unknown. 

Galile'o  TGalilki],  bom  at  Pisa, 
but  lived  chieny  in  Florence.  In  1688  he 
published  his  work  on  Uie  Copemican 
system,  showing  that  "  the  earth  moved 
and  the  sun  stood  still.**  For  this  he  waa 
denounced  by  the  Inquisition  of  Rome, 
and  accused  of  contradicting  the  Bible. 
At  the  age  of  70  he  was  obliged  to  abjure 
his  S3rstem,  in  order  to  ^n  his  liberty. 
After  pronouncing  his  abjuration,  he  said, 
in  a  stage  whisper,  E  pur  si  mmoce  (*'  It 
does  move,  though  **).  This  is  said  to  be 
a  romance  (1564-1642). 

Galinthia,  daughter  of  Pnetus  king 
of  Argos.  She  waa  changed  by  the  Fatei 
into  a  cat,  and  in  that  shape  was  made  by 
Hecate  her  high  priestess. — ^Antonios  I^- 
beralis,  Metam,^  xxix. 

Gkklis.  in  Arthorian  romance,  mwiiM 
"Wales/*  as  sir  Umorake  de  SOis,  U. 
sir  Lamorake  the  Welshman. 

OallegOB  [QaPM.gozeX  the  people  of 
(jaUda  (once  a  province  of  Spaizi). 

Gallia,  France,  -^^huils,**  the  in- 
habitants of  Gallia.  -^ 

QfdUoe'nfld,  pri4  .esses  of  Gallic  my- 
thology, who  had  power  over  the  winds 
and  waves.  There  were  nine  of  Uiem,  all 
virgins. 

Galligan'tus,  the  giant  who  lived 
irith  Hocus-Pocus  the  conjuror.  When 
Jack  the  Giant-killer  blew  the  magic 
horn,  both  the  giant  and  conjuror  were 
overthrown. — Jack  t/te  Giant-niler 

Gallo-Bergious,  an  annual  register 
in  Latin,  first  published  in  1598 

Itktwlievwi..  . 
Ai  Iftwara  vrtt  in  Gallo-Bdckoi. 

Qallo-ma'nia,  a  fwor  for  every- 
thing French.  Generallv  applied  to  tmit 
vile  imitation  of  French  literature  and 
customs  which  prevailed  in  Germany  in 
the  time  of  Frederick  II.  of  Prussia.    It 


GALLOPING  DICK. 


862     GAMMER  GUBTON^S  NEEDLE. 


it  veiy  conspicuous  in  the  writings  of 
Wicland  (1733-1813). 

Gktlloping  Dick,  Richard  Ferguson 
the  highwayman,  executed  in  1800. 

Gkdloway  (i4),  a  small  nag  of  the 
breed  which  originally  came  from  Gal- 
loway, in  Scotland. 

OcUloway  ( The  Fair  Maid  of),  Margaret, 
only  daughter  of  Archibald  fifth  earl  of 
Douglas.  She  married  her  cousin  Wil- 
liam, to  whom  the  earldom  passed  in 
1443.  After  the  death  of  her  Erst  hus- 
band, she  married  his  brother  James  (the 
last  earl  of  Douglas). 

Gallo'WglaasesL  heavy-armed  Irish 
foot-soldiers ;  their  chief  weapon  was  the 
pole-axe.  They  were  "  grim  of  counten- 
ance, tall  of  stature,  bi^  of  limb,  lusty 
of  body,  and  strongly  built."  The  light- 
armed  foot-soldiers  were  called  **  Kerns  '* 
or  "Kernes'*  (l»y/.). 

TIm  maltiplyliig  TiOalnlM  oC  natiin 

Do  •warm  upon  bin ;  from  Um  wwtom  Uci 

Of  K«nMS  and  Qallownltnw  (*«'«]  ■applied. 

Shakaqtaare.  Macbeth,  act  i.  tc  3  (UO^ 

Gallu'ra'8  Bird,  the  cock,  which 
was  the  cognizance  of  GUdlnra. 

For  her  so  fair  a  burial  vlU  not  mate 

Tbm  rtper  [tkm  MVanett,  wkote  ttutirn  wot  a  vhttr] 

Asbad  iMea  made  by  dirlU  GaUuni's  bird. 

DantA.  Purgatorg.  vUL  (IW). 

€kd''way  Jury,  an  independent  jury, 
neither  to  be  brow-beaten  nor  led  by  the 
nose.  In  1636,  certain  trials  were  held  in 
Ireland,  res^ting  the  right  of  the  Crown 
to  the  counties  of  Ireland.  Leitrim,  Ros- 
common, Sligo,  and  Mayo  gave  judgment 
in  favour  of  the  Crown,  but  Galway  stood 
out,  whereupon  each  of  the  jury  was 
fined  £4000. 

Ga'ma  (Vasco  da),  the  hero  of  Ca- 
mo^ns's  Lusiad,  Sagacious,  intrepid, 
tender-hearted,  pious,  and  pcAriotic.  He 
was  the  first  European  navigator  who 
doubled  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  (1497). 

Qama,  captain  of  tb«  ventoroos  band. 
Of  boM  eaiprin.  and  bom  fbr  hl|^  oommand, 
Wboae  martial  flrei,  vlth  pnidenee  doM  aUed, 
Enmred  the  mllet  of  fortune  on  hie  dde. 

OunoCni.  Luttad,  L  (U»)- 

*^*  Gama  is  also  the  hero  of  Mever- 
beer^s  posthumous  opera  called  VAjrir- 
cana  (1865). 

Qam'elyn  (3  sy/.),  youngest  of  the 
three  sons  of  sir  Johon  di  lk)imdvs,  who, 
on  bis  death-bed,  left  **  five  plowes  of 
land"  to  each  of  his  two  elder  sons, 
and  the  residue  of  his  property  to  the 
youngest.  The  eldest  son  took  charge 
of  Gamelyn,  but  entreated  him  shame- 
fully.   Gn  .one  occasion  he  said  to  him, 


"  Stand  still,  ^adelyug,  and  hold  thr 
peace."  To  which  the  proud  boy  retorted 
*'  I  am  no  gadel3mg,  but  the  lawful  son 
of  a  lady  and  true  knight.**  Gn  this,  the 
elder  brother  sent  his  servants  to  chastise 
him,  but  he  drove  them  off  "with  a 
pestel."  At  a  wrestling  match  younir 
Gamelyn,  threw  the  champion,  and  carried 
off  the  prize  ram :  but  on  reaching  home 
found  tne  door  closed  against  him.  He 
at  once  kicked  the  door  down,  and  threw 
the  porter  into  a  well.  The  elder  brother 
now  bound  the  yoimg  madcap  to  a  tree, 
and  left  him  two  days  without  food ;  but 
Adam,  the  spencer,  unloosed  him;  and 
Gamelyn  fell  upon  a  party  of  ecclesiasUca, 
who  had  come  to  dine  with  his  brother, 
and  **  sprinkled  holy  water  on  them  with 
a  stout  oaken  cudgel.'*  The  sheriff  sent 
to  apprehend  the  young  spitfire,  but 
he  fled  with  Adam  into  the  woods,  and 
came  upon  a  party  of  foresters  sitting  at 
meat.  The  captain  gave  him  welcome, 
and  Gamelyn  in  time  became  **  king  of 
the  outlaws.*'  His  brother,  being  sheriff, 
would  have  put  him  to  des^,  but  Garoe- 
Ivn  handed  his  brother  on  a  forest  tree. 
After  this  the  king  appointed  him  chief 
ranger,  and  he  married.— Coke,  Tfde  of 
Qamelyn, 

*J^  Lodge  has  made  this  tale  the  basis 
of  his  romance  entitled  Hosalynd  or 
Eupheu^  Oolden  Let/oq/e  (1590) ;  and 
from  Lodge's  novel  Shakespeare  has  bor- 
rowed the  plot,  with  some  of  the  charac- 
ters and  dialogue,  of  As  You  Like  It. 

Gamelyn  de  Ouar'dover  {8ir)^ 
an  ancestor  of  sir  Arthur  Wardoor. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Antiquary  (time,  George  III.). 

Gamester  Cp«)i  »  tragedy  by  Ed. 
Moore  ( 1 753) .  The  name  of  the  gamester 
is  Beverley,  and  the  object  of  Uie  play  ia 
to  show  the  ^reat  evils  of  gambling  end- 
ing in  despair  and  suicide. 

Gamester  {The),  by  Mrs.  Centlivre 
(1705).  The  hero  is  Yaleroj  to  whom 
Angelica  gives  a  picture,  which  she  en- 

J'oins  him  not  to  lose  on  pain  of  forfeiting 
ler  hand.  Yalere  loses  it  in  play,  and 
Angelica,  in  disguise,  is  the  winner.  After 
much  tribulation,  Yalere  is  cured  of  his 
▼ice,  the  picture  is  restored,  and  the  two 
are  happily  united  in  marrisy^ 

Gkimmer  Gurton's  I9eedle»  by 
Mr.  S.  Master  of  Arts.  It  was  in 
existence,  says  Warton,  in  1661  {EngHak 
Poetry,  iv.  82).  Sir  Walter  Scott  sa>-a : 
**  It  was  the  supposed  composition'  of 
John  Still,  M.A.,  afterwards  bishop  «« 


QAMP. 


863 


QANGES. 


llatii  and  WellsT  bat  in  1551  John  Still 
WM  a  boy  not  nine  yean  old.  The  fun 
of  Ats  comedy  tarns  on  the  loss  and 
i«corery  at  a  fMwKs,  with  which  Gammer 
Gortott  was  rqiainng  the  breedies  of  her 
man  Hod^  The  comedy  contains  the 
famous  dnnking  song,  **  I  Cannot  Eat  bat 
Little  Meat." 


b  a 

th*  Onatir  ▼kw*  aad  "Th«~Shfwr."  of 
ai«ealBnr,  an  dnwn  !■  «olnm  taken  frwn  the 
The  plaoe  li  &•  open  avwv  of  the  TiOac*  before 
r  flertea^  teor:   the  acHoa,   the  lo«  of  the 
k7  the  narefa  for  tt.  and  tts 
f.  b  faimiaed  with  ae  other  thwaithis  or 
W.  Seoct,  Tkt 


Chunp  (Sarak),  a  monthly  nnrae, 
irsiding  in  Kingsgate  Street,  High 
HoIbor».  Sarah  was  noted  for  her  goaty 
■■III lilts,  aad  for  her  perpetaal  reference 
to  an  hypothetical  Mrs.  Harris,  whose 
MiBMBs  were  a  coaftrmation  of  her  own. 
Soe  was  fond  of  strong  tea  and  strong 
stimidaata.  **  Doo*t  ask  me,"  she  said, 
"wfaetfaer  I  won*t  take  none,  or  whether 
I  will,  but  leaye  the  bottle  on  the  chimlejr- 
piece,  and  let  me  put  my  lips  to  it 
when  I  am  so  disp<^ed.**  Wh«»n  Mrs. 
Prig,  **her  pardner,""  stretched  oat  her 
hand  to  the  teapot  (filed  with  gin),  Mrs. 
Gamp  stopped  the  nand  and  said  with 
great  fealmg,  "  No,  Betsey !  drink  fair, 
TOO   do.**    (See  Harris.) — C 


Dickcsa,  Martfn  OtuzzletoU,  zlix.  (1843). 

*^*  A  big,  pawky  umbrella  is  called  a 
Mr%.  Oamp^  and  in  France  un  BobvMon^ 
from  Rolnnson  Crusoe's  umbrella. 

%*  Mrs.  Gamp  and  Mrs.  Harris  hare 
PiHwan  sisters  in  Mde.  Pochet  and  Mde. 
Giboo,  creations  of  Henri  Monnier. 

Qan.    (See  Gavklov.) 

Ofln'abiin,  the  island  of  thieves. 
(Hdirew,  gannab,  *'a  thief.")— Babelais, 
>4mia^n«tf,  iv.  66  (1545). 

Oan'dalin*  earl  of  the  Firm  Island, 
and  *sqiiin  of  Am'adis  de  GaoL 


wike  to  hk  mMt«  but 

CbetfmB.aad  Uibodjr 

DomQiitibuU, 


Ctandor-Cleugli  {'' folly'<ilir)y  ««* 
mysterioas  place  where  a  person  makes 
a  goose  of  himself.  Jededi'ah  Cleish- 
bo&am,  the  hvpothetical  editor  of  The 
TaUa  of  My  Landlord^  lived  at  Gander- 
deuidi.— Sir  W.  Scott. 

Chui'eloii  (2  9}l}')y  count  of  Mayenoe, 
flic  **  Judas  "  of  Charlemagne's  paladins. 
His  castle  was  built  on  the  Blocksbeig, 
tibe  loftiest  peak  of  the  Hartz  Mountains. 

always  trusting  this 


base  knight,  and  was  as  often  betrayed  by 
him.  Although  the  very  bnsiness  of  the 
paladins  was  the  upholding  of  Chris- 
tianity, sir  Guielon  was  constantly  in- 
triguing for  its  overthrow.  No  doubt, 
jealousy  of  sir  Roland  made  him  a  traitor, 
and  he  bamly  jplanned  with  Marsillus 
(the  Moorish  king),  the  attack  of  Ron- 
oesvall^  The  duiracter  of  sir  Ganelon 
was  marked  witii  spite,  dissimulation, 
and  intrigue,  but  he  was  [Mitient,  ob- 
stinate, and  enduring.  He  was  six  feet 
and  a  half  in  height  had  large  glaring 
eyes,  and  fiery  red  hair.  He  loved  soli- 
tude, was  very  tadtum,  disbelieved  in 
the  existence  of  moral  good,  and  has 
become  a  by-word  for  a  false  and  faith- 
less friend.  Dant£  has  placed  him  in  his 
**  Inferno.**    (Sometimes  called  Gah.) 

Ihe  Bxat  lUthleH  wm  dace  the  a^i  «l  Gaaelon.— Or 
W.  Seott,  Th«  Ahbtt,  Bdr.  (USD). 

Ganem,  **  the  Slave  of  Love.**  The 
hero  ard  title  of  one  of  the  Arabiat^ 
NighU  tales.  Ganem  was  the  son  of  a 
ridi  merchant  of  Damascus,  named  Abov 
Aibou.  On  the  death  of  his  father  he 
went  to  Bagdad,  to  dispose  of  the  mer- 
chandize left,  and  aocidentallv  saw  three 
slaves  secretly  burying  a  chest  in  the 
earth.  Curiosity  induced  him  to  dis- 
inter the  chest,  when,  lo !  it  contained  a 
beautiful  woman,  sleeping  from  the  effects 
of  a  narcotic  drag.  He  took  her  to  hia 
lodgings,  and  discovered  that  the  victim 
was  Fetnab,  the  caliph's  favourite,  who 
had  been  buried  alive  by  order  of  the 
sultana,  oat  of  Jealoasy.  When  the  caliph 
heard  fliereof^  he  was  extremelv  jealous 
of  the  young  merchant,  and  ordered  him 
to  be  put  to  death,  but  he  made  good  his 
escape  in  the  guise  of  a  waiter,  and  lay 
con<waled  till  Uie  angry  fit  of  the  cali|)h 
had  subsided.  When  Haroun-al-Raschid 
(the  caliph)  came  to  himself,  and  heard 
the  nnvarniehed  facts  of  the  case,  he 
pardoned  Ganem^  gave  to  him  Fetnab  for 
a  wifcL  and  appomted  him  to  a  lucrative 
post  about  the  court. 

Qan'esa,  goddess  of  wisdom,  ia 
Hindi!  mythology. 

Thea  Ouadso  [£«•«]  bright  and  Gaaen  adtlbae 
Shall  bkM  wftb  Joy  their  own  proplUoai  dlaM. 

Ouiqtbell.  PUanam  it  Bap*,  L  (ITMi 

GNui'ges.  Pliny  tnlls  us  of  mea 
living  on  the  odour  fitted  bv  the  watef 
of  this  river. — Nat,  nisi,,  xii. 

%  GaiMea'  built,  ai  wild  trMlltloas  teB. 
or  oUUie  tribe*  Ured  bedUtfol  bjr  the  mcO ; 
No  food  th«r  kiMw,  airh  fragrant  mpoon  roee 
Bidi  from  the  Sowery  lawn  wtiere  Oansee  Sowi.  . 
Camoflne.  XMta^,  Ttt.  USHik 


QANLESSE. 


864 


6ABETH. 


Ganlesse  (Bichard),  alias  Simon 
CxifTEB,  cUku  Edwabd  Christiait,  one 
of  the  conspiimton. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Peveril  of  the  Peak  (time,  Oiarles  U.). 

Ganna,  the  Celtic  prophetess,  who 
succeeded  Yelle'da.  She  went  to  Borne, 
and  was  received  by  Domitian  with  great 
honour.— Tacitos,  Atmaltf  66. 

Gkmor,  Gano'ra,  Genenra,  Ginerra, 
Genievre,  Guinerere,  Guenever,  are  dif- 
ferent wa^s  of  spelling  the  name  of 
Arthur's  wife ;  called  by  Geoffrey  of  Mon- 
mouth, Guanhuma'ra  or  Guanlramar; 
but  Tennyson  has  made  Gnenevere  the 
popular  English  form. 

Gants  Jaunes  (I^),  dandies, 
men  of  fashion. 

Gan'ymede  (8  syL),  a  beautiful 
Phrygean  bov,  who  was  carried  up  to 
Olympos  on  the  back  of  an  eagle,  to  be- 
come cup-bearer  to  the  gods  instead  of 
Hebd.  At  the  time  of  nis  capture  he 
was  playing  a  flute  while  tending  his 
father's  sheep. 

Then  Ml  •  flute  wban  Gaaymad*  irtnt  m^^ 
lb*  Soto  Oat  h»  wm  wont  to  pbir  opoti. 


(Jupiter  compensated  the  boy's  fiither 
for  the  loss  of  his  son,  by  a  pair  of 
horses.) 

Tennyson,  speaking  of  a  great  reverse 
of  fortune  from  the  highest  glory  to  tiie 
lowest  shame,  says : 


llMy  nBoanted 
UtK» 


IbtomMt  rwlecHwoiithaieooiid 

Tk0 


BL 


7^  Birds  of  Oanymedef  eagles.  Gany- 
mede is  represented  as  sitting  on  an  eagle, 
or  attended  by  that  bird. 

To  ne  apoD  Imt  dram  her  fowl  a«i<  eoQiM  feed. 
And  vpuitonly  to  hatcli  the  Mnb  of  Gumlie^ 
Dnvton.  FotjfttHoit,  tr.  (Ida). 

*«*  Ganymede  is  the  constellation 
Aquarius. 

Gara^an'tua,  a  giant,  who  swallowed 
five  pu^nms  with  their  staves  in  a  salad. 
—Rabelais,  The  History  of  Oaraganiua 

Yon  murtbonwneGjTMMitue's  mouth be^ 
ffi"(lSSj.'  ^^---k^^*-".  ^'  rm  I4ke  n,  act 

Gar'cias.  The  soul  of  Peter  GardaSy 
money.  Two  scholars,  journeying  to 
Salamanca,  came  to  a  fountain,  frtiich 
bore  this  iDscription:  "Here  is  buried 
the  soul  of  the  licentiate  Peter  Gatcias.'* 
One  scholar  went  away  laughing  at  the 
potion  of  a  buried  scul^  but  the  other, 
tfottiDg  with  his  knife,  loosened  a  stone. 


and  found  a  purse  containing  100  ducats. 
— Lesage,  CKl  Bias  (to  the  reader,  1716). 

Garoilas'o.  tumamed  "the  Inca,* 
descended  on  the  mother's  side  from  tiie 
royal  family  of  Peru  (1680-1668).  He 
was  the  son  of  Sebastian  Garcilaso,  a 
lieutenant  of  Alvantdo  and  Pizairo. 
Author  of  Commmtaries  <m  the  Origii^  of 
the  Inoas,  their  Laws  and  OcvemmenL 

It  «M  Ihan  poeCtal  tradmoBi  that  Gwdkao  faielcoM. 
poeed  kii  aeoooBt  of  Om  TacM  «f  Pen .  .  .  Ift  vM^Ii 
aadeat  poeme  which  hie  awdier(apriiieMeor  the  hkaak 
of  the  Tii«^t.2gUUB la  his r£S^ he  ooOeS 


ihtotocy.-.. 


•ncke. 


OareOaso  [db  la  Vboa],  called  "The 
Petrarch  of  Spain,**  bom  at  Toledo 
(1608-1686).  His  poems  are  edogoes, 
odes,  and  elegies  of  great  naivetA  gxaoe. 
and  harmony. 

■M  he  taned  to  MM  evMi  Ui  teel^ 

Qrioa.  .oe«  .r^MM,  L  SB  cuati. 


Gar'darl'ke  (4  syl.).    So  Busia  is 
called  in  the  lUUbt. 

Garden  of  the  Argentine,  Tmcuman. 
a  province  of  Buenos  Ayres. 

Garden   of  England.     Woreesteiahire 
and  Kent  are  both  so  called. 

Oarden  of  JSrin,  Carlow,  in  Letnster. 

Garden  of  Europe.    Italy  and  Belciiim 
are  both  so  called. 

Garden  of  Ihinoe^  Amboise,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Indre-et-Loire. 

Garden  of  India,  Oude. 

Garden  of  Italy,  Sicily. 
^,Oarden    of    South    Wales,    mmthem 
division  of  Glamorganshire. 

Garden  of  Spain,  Andalud'a. 

Garden  of    the    West.     Illinois   and 
Kansas  are  both  so  called. 

Garden  of  the  World,  the  region  of  the 
Mississippi. 

^Garden  (ne),  Covent  Gardeo  Theatre. 
The  "  Lane,"  that  is,  Drury  Lane. 

Be  BUUMfed  the  Gerdaa.  and  aftannidi  the  I«M.— W. 
CMaereadr.  rMi|pl«Aar.7«lU7S  ^^ 

Gardens  of  the  Sun,  tiie  "Ruft 
Indian  or  Malayan  Archipelago. 

Gardening  (Father  of  LomdsctweS^ 
Lenotie  (1618-1700).  -™---^y, 

Gar'diner  {Richard),  porter  to  Mias 
Seraphine  Arthuret  and  her  sister  Ange- 
lica.—Sir  W.  Scott,  Bedgauntlet  (tiiSe, 
George  III.). 

Gar'dincr  (Oohnet),  colonel  of  Waver- 
ley's  reffimcnt.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Waverley 
(time,  Geoige  IL).  ' 

Goreth  {Sir),  according  to  andeot 


QABBTH. 


GABGANTUA. 


nnmmnee,  was  the  yoongeet  son  of  Lot 

kinff  of  Orkney  Mid  Morgawee  Arthur's 

[luujQ-sister.    His  mother,  to  deter  him 

from  entering  Arthur's  court,  said,  jest- 

infli  J,  she  would  consent  to  his  so  doing 

if  ne  eoncealed  his  name  and  went  as  a 

scullion  for  twelve  months.    To  this  he 

agreed,  and  sir  Kay,  the  king's  steward, 

ueknamed  him  "  Beaumains,**  because 

his  hands  were  unusually  lai;^    At  the 

end  of  the  year  he  was  knighted,  sod 

obtained  the  quest  of  Linet',  who  crayed 

the  aid  of  some  knight  to  liberate  her 

sister  lionte,  who  was  held  prisoner  by 

sir  Ironside  in  Gastie  Perilous.     Linet 

treated  sir  Gareth  with  great  contumely, 

tuning  him  A  washer  of  dishes  and  a 

kitchen  knaTe;   but  he  OTcrthrew  the 

Are  kni^ts  ana  liberated  the  lady,  whom 

he  named.    The  kni^ts  were— first,  the 

Black  Kni^t  of  the  Bh^k  Lands  or  sir 

Poe'ad  (2  ^.),  the  Green  Knight  or  sir 

Peitolope,  the  Bed  Knight  or  sir  Peri- 

Bo'n^  the  Blue  Knight  or  sir  Persannt 

of  Indut  (four  brothers),  and  lastly  the 

Ked  Knis^t  of  the  Red  Lands  or  sir  Iron- 

side.— sir  T.  Malory,  Hittory  of  Frmoe 

Artkur,  i.  120-153  (1470). 

*«*  According  to  Tennyson,  sir  Gareth 
was  **  tiie  last  and  tallest  son  of  Lot  kinir 
of  Orkney  and  of  Bellicent  his  wife." 
He  serred  as  kitchen  knaye  in  king 
Aitfmr's  hall  a  twelvemonth  and  a  day, 
and  was  nicknamed  "  Fair-hands"  (Beott- 
■MMu).  At  the  end  of  twelve  months  he 
was  knighted,  and  obtained  leave  to 
aeoompai^  Lynette  to  the  liberation  of 
her  aiatcr  Lyonora,  iHio  was  held  captive 
in  Gaetie  Fcrilotts  by  a  knight  odled 
Death  or  Mors.  The  passages  to  the 
castle  were  kept  by  four  brothers,  called 
bv  Teimvson,  Morning  Star  or  Phos'- 
l^oms.  Noonday  Sun  or  Meridies,  Even- 
mg  Star  or  Hespfiros,  and  Night  or  Nox, 
aUof  whom  he  overthrew.  At  length 
Death  leapt  firom  the  deft  skull  of  Ni^t, 
and  pored  tiie  knight  not  to  kill  him. 
seetn^  that  what  he  did  his  brothers  had 
madehimdo.  At  starting,  Lynette  treated 
Gareth  with  great  contumely,  but  softened 
to  him  more  and  more  after  each  victory, 
sad  at  Isust  married  him. 


MifkatatoteoMMl 

Qamh  wcdiM  lyooont 
tkat  toU  it  fauar  iV*  IJMMaw 

("GMalh  aad  I^ratttalL 


Oarta  omdLmtf  is  in  reality  an  aUe- 
gorr«  «  Mft  of  Bnnyan^s  PUgrMs  Pro- 
grem^  dsacribing  the  warfare  of  a  Christian 
buea  birth  to  nis  entrance  into  glory. 
Tlw  «'Bride"  Hved  in  Gastie  Penlous, 
and  was  named  Lionds ;  Unet'  represents 


the  <*  carnal  world,"  which,  like  the  i». 
habitants  of  the  City  of  Destmction,  jest 
and  jeer  at  everjrthing  the  Qiristian  docs. 
Sir  Gareth  fought  with  four  kniehts, 
keepers  of  the  roads  **  to  Zion  "  or  CSistle 
Perilous,  viz.,  Ni^ht,  Dawn,  Midday, 
and  Evoiing,  meaning  the  temptations  of 
tile  four  ages  of  man.  Having  conquered 
in  all  these^  he  had  to  encounter  the  last 
enemy,  which  is  death,  and  then  the  bride 
was  won — the  bride  who  lived  in  Castle 
Perilous  or  Mount  Zion. 

*4i*  Tennyson,  in  his  version  of  this 
beautiful  allegory,  has  fallen  into  several 
grave  errors,  the  worst  of  which  is  his 
making  Gaieth  marry  Linet  instead  of 
tiie  true  bride.  This  is  like  landing  his 
Pi^rim  in  the  Cit^  of  Destouction,  after 
having  finished  his  journey  and  passed 
the  flood.  Gareth's  orothar  was  wedded 
to  the  world  {ue,  Linet),  but  Gareth  him- 
self was  married  to  the  *^true  Bride," 
who  dwelt  in  Castle  Perilous.    Another 

Sive  error  is  making  Death  crave  of 
r^  not  to  kill  him,  as  what  he  did  he 
was  compelled  to  do  bv  his  elder  brothers. 
I  must  confess  that  this  to  me  is  quite 
past  understanding.  —  See  Notet  and 
Queries.  January  19,  Febmary  16,  March 
16,  1878. 

Qar'ganieUe  (3  sy/.),  wife  of  Gmn- 
eousier  and  daughter  of  the  I^trpailluns. 
On  the  day  that  she  gave  birth  to  Gar- 
gantua,  she  ate  16  qrs.  8  bush.  5  pecks 
and  a  pipkin  of  dirt,  the  mere  remaiaf 
left  in  tne  tripe  which  she  had  for  supper, 
although  the  tripe  had  been  cleaned  wiUi 
the  utmost  care. — Rabelais,  GargarUuctf  L 
4  (1538). 

*«*  Gargamelle  is  an  allegorical  skit 
on  the  extravagance  of  queens,  and  the 
dirt  is  their  pin-money. 

Qargan'tua^  son  of  Grangousier  and 
Gargamelle.  It  needed  17,913  cows  to 
supply  the  babe  with  milk.  Like  Gsra- 
gantoa  (9.V.),  he  ate  in  his  salad  lettuces 
as  big  as  walnut  trees,  in  which  were 
lurking  six  pilgrims  from  Sebastian. 
He  founded  and  endowed  the  abbey  of 
Theleme  (2  syl.)^  in  remembrance  of  his 
victory  over  Picrochole  (3  syL), — Rabe- 
Uus,  Gargantua,  i.  7  (1533). 

*ft*  Of:  course,  Gargantna  is  an  alle- 
goncal  skit  on  the  allowance  accorded  to 
princes  for  their  maintenance. 

Oargantud'a  Mare,  This  mare  was 
as  big  as  six  elephants,  and  had  feet 
with  fingers.  On  one  occasion,  going  to 
school,  ue  "boy  "  huiijg  the  bells  of  Notre 
Dame  de  Paris  on  his  mare's  neck,  aa 


GARGANTUAN  CURRICULUM.      866 


GA8C0IGNE. 


jingles ;  bat  when  the  Parbians  promised 
to  feed  his  beast  for  nothing,  he  restored 
the  peal.  This  mare  had  a  terrible  tail, 
*'  every  whit  as  big  as  the  steeple  of  St. 
Mark's,"  and  on  one  occasion,  being 
annoyed  by  wasps,  she  switched  it  about 
so  vigorously  that  she  knocked  down  all 
the  trees  in  the  vicinity.  Gargantua 
roared  with  laughter,  and  cried,  "Je 
trouve  beau  ce !  **  whereupon  the  locality 
was  caUed  <«  Beaace.'*— Rabelais,  Oar- 
gantua,  i.  16  (1533). 

*^*  Of  coarse,  this  "  mare  **  ift  an  alle- 
goncal  skit  on  the  extravagance  of  coart 
mistresses,  and  the  "  tail "  is  the  suite  in 
attendance  on  them. 

Gargan'tuan  Cnrrioiilmn,  a 
course  of  studies  including  all  lan^ages, 
all  sciences,  all  the  fine  arts,  with  all 
athletic  sports  and  calisthenic  exercises. 
Grangousier  wrote  to  his  son,  sajring : 

"  Tlierv  iboakl  not  be  •  rlTor  la  the  worid.  no  nattar 
bow  snudL  tboa  dtwt  not  kBOW  the  aam*  oC.  wlik  Um 
tmtMf  aod  habltB  of  all  Mmi,  all  fowl*  of  the  air.  att 
•hnibs  and  trew,  aU  metals,  mlnorali,  gam,  and  predow 
•toa«.  I  would.  AnthanBora,  have  tnM  ■tadjr  ihe  1M- 
■uidkli  and  Oibalkti.  and  frt  a  paiftMC  kncnriadaB  of 
man.  tofttlMr  with  eran  langimga.  andent  and  modem, 
Hrinc  or  dMd.''-BalNla&.  iVMila^nMr.  IL  8  (lOtJi 

G-ar'gery  {Mrs,  Joe)^  Pip's  sister.  A 
virago,  who  kept  her  husband  and  Pip  in 
constant  awe. 

Joe  Gargen/f  a  blacksmith,  married  to 
Pip's  sister.  A  noble-hearted,  simple- 
minded  young  man,  who  loved  Pip  sin- 
cereljT*  Though  uncouth  in  manners  and 
ungainly  in  appearance,  Joe  Gargery 
was  one  of  nature's  gentlemen. — C.  Dick- 
ens, Oreat  Exp«ctatioH9  (1860). 

Qargouille  (2  syL),  the  great  dragon 
that  lived  in  the  Seine,  ravaged  Rouen, 
and  was  slain  by  St.  Roma'nus  in  the 
seventh  century. 

Gariand  of  Howth  (Ireland),  the 
book  of  the  four  Gospels  preserved  in 
the  abbey  of  Uowth,  remains  of  which 
still  exist. 

Qarlio.  The  purveyor  of  the  sultan 
of  Casgar  says  he  knetv  a  man  who  lost  his 
thumbs  and  great  toes  from  eating  garlic. 
The  facts  were  these :  A  young  man  was 
married  to  the  favourite  of  Zobeid^,  and 
partook  of  a  dish  containing  garlic :  when 
ne  went  to  his  bride,  she  oraered  nim  to 
be  bound,  and  cut  off  his  two  Uiumbs  and 
two  great  toes,  for  presuming  to  appear 
Lxifore  her  without  having  purified  his 
fingers.  Ever  after  this  he  always  washed 
his  hands  120  times  with  alkali  and  soap 
after  partaking  of  garlic  in  a  ragout. — 
Arabian NighU  /**The  Purveyor's  Story"). 


Gar'rat  ( Th§  mayor  of),  Garrat  is  a 
village  between  Wandsworth  and  Tool- 
ing. In  1780  the  inhabitants  associated 
themselves  together  to  resist  any  further 
encroachments  on  their  common,  and  the 
chairman  was  called  the  Mayor,  The  first 
"  mayor "  happened  to  be  chosen  on  a 
general  election,  and  so  it  was  decreed 
that  a  new  mayor  should  be  appointed  at 
each  general  election.  This  made  excel- 
lent capital  for  electioneering  squibs,  and 
some  of  the  greatest  wits  of  the  day  hare 
ventilated  political  grievances,  gibbeted 
political  characters,  and  sprinkled  holy 
water  with  good  stout  oaken  cudgels 
under  the  mask  of  "addresses  by  the 
mayors  of  Garrat." 

8.  Foote  has  a  farce  entitled  7%*  ifoj/or 
of  Oarrat  (1762). 

Garraway*8y  a  coffeehouse  in  Ex- 
cfaanj^  Alley,  which  existed  for  216  years, 
but  18  now  pulled  down.  Here  tea  was 
sold  in  1657  for  sums  varying  from  16t. 
to  50s.  per  lU 

Gkurter.  According  to  legend,  Joao 
countess  of  Salisbury  accidentally  slipped 
her  garter  »i  a  court  ball.  It  was  nicked 
up  by  her  royal  partner,  Edwara  III., 
wno  gallantly  diverted  the  attention  of 
the  guests  trom  the  lady  by  binding  the 
blue  band  round  his  own  knee,  sayiag, 
as  he  did  so,  **Honi  soit  qui  nud  y 
pense." 


Tba  Mri*!  gaatit  oTall  i 
Was  irandM- daufhtcr  lUB  to  that  air  < 
Wtaow  gart«r  aUppod  down  at  the 
Bobart  Browning,  d  Blot  an  tht 


La 


GartlULsister  of  pnnce  Oswald  «f 
Yero'na.  iVhen  Oswald  was  slain  ia 
single  combat  by  Gondibert  (a  oonbafc 
provoked  by  his  own  treachery),  Gaziha 
used  all  her  efforts  to  stir  up  avil  war ; 
but  Uermegild,  a  man  of  grnt  prudence, 
who  loved  her,  was  the  author  of  wiser 
counsel,  and  diverted  the  anger  of  the 
camp  by  a  funeral  pag^mt  of  nnusaal 
splendour.  As  the  tele  is  not  finished, 
toe  ultimate  lot  of  Gartha  is  unknown. — 
Sir  William  Davenant,  Oondihert  (died 
1668). 

Gas'abal,  fhe  'squire  of  don  Galaor. 

QMabal  waa  a  maa  of  neb  rilonra  that  tha  aatbor 
names  hfan  ontar  oneo  In  tha  eoone  of  hb  voliBlBaw 
history.— Am  «m<soI«.  L  UL  S  aMQ. 

Gkisooigne  (Sir  WiUiam).  Shake- 
speare says  that  prince  Henry  ^^stmck 
the  chief  justice  in  the  ojym  court ; "  but 
it  does  not  appear  from  nistorv  that  any 
blow  was  given.    The  f»ct  is  this : 

One  of  the  k*/  cooipeniaos  of  the  prtooe  helaf  eom* 
niitted  for  {eluujr.  the  prince  demandiwl  his  rdaase ;  but 


GASHFORD. 


867 


GAUL. 


toU  hte  tfaa  <mdj  vay  of  obtainlni:  a  i 
be  to  aM  fkwB  the  kJnc  a  free  purdoa.  Prinoe 
tried  to  ravoe  the  prieooer  by  force,  wtiea 
rdered  Um  out  of  eoort  In  a  lovertng  ftanr, 
ifriaoeAew  totte  Jwdfmwit  aaat.  and  aD  thoo^  he 
«■•  ahiMt  to  alar  the  Judbe;  hat  tir  WilUam  saU  verr 
•m(r  and  qialetir.  "vr,  remember  joandt*.  I  kepe 
heic  the  ptece  of  the  ^nflei.  your  ■omwltne  lorde  and 
h£mr.  m  whom  rm  owe  diouhie  obedtenoe ;  whereluie  I 
Charlie  rm  tai  hk  name  to  deqrste  of  your  wrlfhhMs.  .  .  . 
I  tor  yoor  fwntwnpte  geo  yoo  to  the  ptywMia  of 
B  Weortw.  whereunto  I  oooinqrtte  fon.  and  re- 
t  there  prinocr  ootjrO  the  plianite  of  the  kjmge 
be  tether  kaowBu*  With  whldi  wonh,  the  prinee  bel^ 
■tilt  id.  the  BohleBriaooer  departed  and  went  to  the 
DaO  BMch^-ar  IhooM  EtniCna  OoMTiMHr  (1S31). 

Qaahford,  secretary  to  lord  George 
Gordon.  A  detestable,  cmcl  sneak,  who 
dopes  his  half-mad  master,  and  leads 
him  to  imagine  he  is  upholding  a  noble 
caase  in  plotting  against  the  English 
catholics.  To  wreak  vengeance  on  Geof- 
frey Haredale,  he  incites  the  rioters  to 
bun  ^*Tbe  Warren,**  where  Haredale 
voided.  Gashf  ord  commits  stdcide. — C. 
Dickens,  Bamaby  Mudye  (1841). 

Gasper  or  Caspar  ("tA^toAt^ontf**), 
oae  of  uie  three  Ma^  or  kings  of  Cologne. 
His  offering  to  uie  infant  Jesus  was 
frttmkmcemse^  in  token  of  divinity. 

♦»♦  The  other  two  were  Melchior 
("king  of  light**),  who  offered  gold^ 
•jmboUcal  of  royalty;  and  Baltlutzar 
("laid  of  treasures**),  who  offered  myrrh, 
to  denote  that  Christ  would  die.  KJop- 
itock,  in  his  Messiah^  makes  the  number 
^  the  Mao  sur,  not  one  of  which  names 
agrees  with  those  of  Cologne  Cathedral. 

Gaspard,  the  steward  of  count  De 
Talmont,  in  whose  service  he  had  been 
for  twenty  years,  and  to  whom  he  was 
most  devotedly  attached. — W.  Dimond, 
TU  Fimmdlmg  of  the  Forest, 

Qas'l>ero,  secretary  of  state,  in  the 
dnuna  called  The  Laws  of  Candy,  by 
Beaomont  and  flttcher  (1647). 

Gate  of  France  (Iron),  Longwy,  a 
strong  militaiy  position. 

QatB  of  Italy,  that  part  of  the  valley 
«f  the  Adige  whidi  is  in  the  vicinity  of 
Trent  and  Roveredo.  It  is  a  narrow 
gorge  between  two  mountain  ridges. 

Gate  of  Tears  {Bdbdmandeb),  the 
into  the  Red  Sea. 


MM  HMeMinMl  bark  that  L-„ 
In  deiiee  tfarooKh  the  Gate  of  IWft. 
,  LaUa  Mookh  ("  The  Fire- Wonhlppen."  18I7X 

Gates  (Iron)  or  Denur  Kara,  a  oele- 
biwfced  pass  of  the  Teuthras,  through 
which  all  caravans  between  Smyrna  and 
Bmsa  most  needs  pass. 

Gates  of  Cilicia  (pyi<B  CUidw),  a 


defile  connecting  Cappadoda  and  Cilicia. 
Now  called  the  Pass  of  G&lek  Bdghiz. 

Gates  of  Ssrria  {pyUx  Syria),  a 
Beilan  pass.  N«ar  this  pass  was  the 
battle-field  of  Issus. 

Gates  of  the  Caspian  (pyke  Cos- 
pice),  a  rent  in  the  hi^h  mountain-wall 
south  of  the  Caspian,  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  the  modem  Persian  capital. 

Gates  of  the  Occult  Sciences 

(The),  forty,  or  as  some  say  for^-eight, 
books  on  magic,  in  Arabic.  The  first 
twelve  teach  the  art  of  sorcery  and 
enchantment,  the  thirteenth  t^iches  how 
to  disenchant  and  restore  bodies  to  their 
native  shapes  again.  A  complete  set 
was  always  kept  in  the  Dom-Daniel  or 
school  for  magic  in  TuniM.— Continuation 
of  the  Arabian  Nights  (*<  Uistoiy  of  Mau'- 
graby**). 

Gath'eral  (Old),  steward  to  the  duke 
of  Buckingham.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Peveril 
of  the  Peak  (time,  Charks  II.). 

Gath'erill  (Old),  bailiff  to  sir  Geof- 
frey  Peveril  of  the  Peak.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Feverii  of  the  Peak  (time,  Charles  11.). 

Gauden'tio  di  Ijucca,  the  hero 
and  title  of  a  romance  by  Simon  Bering- 
ton.  He  makes  a  journey  to  Mezzoraniia, 
an  imaginary  country  in  the  interior  of 
Africa. 

Gau'difer,  a  champion  in  the 
romance  of  Alexander, 

Gaudio'sa  (Lady),  wife  of  Pelayo; 
a  wise  and  faithful  coonsellor,  high- 
minded,  brave  in  dan^r,  and  a  real  help- 
mate.— Southey,  Bodenck,  Last  of  the 
Goths  (1814). 

Gaudissart,  the  droll  French  bag- 


Gaul,  son  of  Homi  of  Strumon.  He 
was  betrothed  to  Oith'ona  daughter  of 
Nuiith,  but  before  the  day  of  marriage  he 
was  called  away  by  Fingal  to  attend  him 
on  an  expedition  against  the  Britons. 
At  the  same  time  NiiHth  was  at  war,  and 
seat  for  his  son  Lathmon;  so  Oithona 
was  left  unprotected  in  her  home.  Dun- 
rommath  lord  of  Uthal  (or  Cnthal) 
seized  this  opportunity  to  carry  her  off, 
Mid  concealed  her  in  a  cave  in  the  desert 
island  of  Trom'athon.  When  Gaul  re- 
turned to  claim  his  betrothed,  he  found 
she  was  gone,  and  was  told  by  a  vision 
in  the  nignt  where  she  was  hfdden.  Next 
day,  witn  three  followers,  Gaul  went  to 
Tromathon,    and    the    ravishcr   coming 


GAUL. 


368 


GAYYILLE. 


up,  he  slew  him  and  cut  off  his  head. 
Oithona,  anned  as  a  combatant,  mingled 
with  the  fighters  and  was  wounded. 
Gaul  saw  what  he  thought  a  youth  dying, 
and  went  to  offer  assistance,  but  found  it 
was  Oithona,  who  forthwith  expired. 
Disconsolate,  he  returned  to  Dunlathmon, 
and  thence  to  Morren.^Ossian,  Oithona, 
Hk  Toie*  waa  like  muijr  Btreama.— OmUd,  Finfoi,  UL 

(Homer  makes  a  loud  voice  a  thing  to 
^  be  much  commended  in  a  warrior.) 

Gaul  {A)  generally  means  a  French- 
man ;  and  Gallia  means  France,  the 
country  of  the  Celtn  or  Keltai,  called  by 
the  Greeks  <*GaUfttai,"  and  shortened 
into  Galli.  Wales  is  also  called  Gallia, 
Galis,  and  Gaul,  especially  in  medieval 
romance :  hence^  Am&dis  of  Gaul  is  not 
Amadis  of  France,  but  Amadis  of  Wales  : 
sir  Lamorake  de  Galis  is  sir  Lamorake  of 
Wales.  Gaul  in  France  is  Armorica  or 
Little  Britain  (Brittany), 

GkLunt'grim»  the     wolf,    in    lord 

Lytton's  PUgrimsof  the  Rhine  (1834). 

Bntin  k  alwv*  In  tlw  niki,  and  G«Diitgrim  ahnyi  ta 
a  paaion.— €h<  zIL 

Oautier  et  Gkurguille,  "all  the 
world  and  his  wife." 

8e  moquar  da  Ganttor  et  Gaisnilla  ("  lb  aaaka  ffmm  of 


Gava'nL  the  pseudon3rm  of  Sulpice 
Paul  Chev^er,  the  great  caricaturist  of 
the  French  C/uxrioari  (1803-1866). 

Gavroche  (2  syL)^  type  of  the 
Parisian  street  arab. — Victor  Hugo,  Les 
Mistrrables  (1862). 

Ga^wmin  [(?au^Al,  son  of  king  Lot 
and  Morgaose  (Artnnr's  sister).  His 
brothers  were  A^ravain,  Ga'hens,  and 
Ga'reth.  The  traitor  Mordred  was  his 
half-brother,  being  the  adulterous  off- 
spring of  Morgause  and  prince  Arthur. 
Lot  was  king  of  Orkne}r.  Gawain  was 
the  second  of  the  fifty  knights  created  by 
king  Arthur ;  Tor  was  the  first,  and  was 
dubbed  the  same  day  (pt.  i.  48).  When 
the  adulterous  passion  of  sir  Launcelot 
for  queen  Guenever  came  to  the  know- 
ledge of  the  king,  sir  Gawain  insisted 
that  the  king's  honour  should  be  upheld. 
Accordingly,  king  Arthur  went  in  battle 
array  to  fienwicke  {Brittany)^  the  "  realm 
of  sir  Launcelot,"  and  proclaimed  war. 
Here  sir  Gawain  fell,  according  to  the 
prophet^y  of  Merlin,  "  With  this  sword 
shall  Launcelot  slay  the  man  that  in 
this  world  he  loved  best  *'  (pt.  i.  44).  In 
this  same  battle  tie  kin^  was  told  that 
his  bastard  son  Mordred  had  usurped  his 


throne,  so  he  hastened  back  with  all 
speed,  and  in  the  great  battle  of  the 
West  received  his  mortal  wound  (pt.  iiL 
160-167).— Sir  T.  Malory,  IBstory  of 
Prince  Arthur  (1470). 

Of  Arthurian  knights,  Gawain  is  called 
the  "  Courteous,"  sir  Kay  the  **  Rude  and 
Boastful,"  Mordred  the  "Treacherous,** 
Ijiuncelot  the  "Chivalrous,"  Galahad 
the  "Chaste,"  Mark  the  "Dastard,"  sir 
Palomides  (3  8yL)  the  "  Saracen  **  t^ 
unbaptized,  etc 

Gawky  (Lord),  Richard  GrenvillA 
(1711-1770). 

Qaw'rey,  a  flying  woman,  whoM 
wings  served  the  double  purpose  offlyini^ 
and  dress.— B.  Pultock,  Peter  Wukut^ 
(1760). 

Gay  (Walter)y  in  the  firm  of  Dom- 
bey  and  Son ;     an   honest,    frank,   in- 

Snuous  youth,  who  loved  Florence 
ombey,  and  comforted  her  in  her  early 
troubles.  Walter  Gav  was  sent  in  the 
merchantman  called  The  Son  and  Heir,  mm 
junior  partner,  to  Barbadoes,  and  sur- 
vived a  shipwreck.  After  his  retaiB 
from  Barbadoes,  he  married  Florence.— 
C.  Dickens,  Don^y  and  Son  (1846). 

GaylesB  (Charles),  the  pennyleai 
suitor  of  Melissa.  His  valet  is  Sharp.— 
Garrick,  The  Lying  Vaiet  (1741). 

Gay'viUe  (Lord),  the  affianced 
husband  of  Miss  Alscrip  "the  heiress,** 
whom  he  detests ;  but  he  ardently  loves 
Miss  Alton,  her  companion.  The  former 
is  conceited,  overbesjing,  and  vulgar,  but 
very  rich  ;  the  latter  is  modest,  retiring, 
and  lady-like,  but  very  poor.  It  tonis 
out  that  £2000  a  year  of  "  the  heiresses  ** 
property  was  entailed  on  sir  William 
Charlton's  heirs,  and  therefore  descended 
to  Mr.  Clifford  in  right  of  his  mother. 
This  money  Mr.  Clifford  settles  on  hii 
sister,  Miss  Alton  (whose  real  name  ii 
Clifford).  Sir  Clement  Flint  tears  the 
conveyance,  whereby  Clifford  retains  the 
£2000  a  year,  and  sir  Dement  settles 
tiie  same  amount  on  lord  Gayville,  who 
marries  Miss  Alton  alias  Bliss  Clifford. 

Lady  EmUu  Gayviile,  sister  of  lord 
Ga3rville.  A  bright,  vivacious,  and  witty 
lady,  who  loves  Mr.  Clifford.  Clifford 
also  greatly  loves  lady  Emily,  but  ia 
deterred  from  proposing  to  her,  becaosd 
he  is  poor  and  unequal  to  her  in  a  eocia] 
position.  It  turns  out  that  he  comes  into 
£2000  a  year  in  right  of  his  mother,  ladr 
Charlton ;  and  is  thus  enabled  to  offer 


GAZBAN. 


369 


GELLATLT. 


UmaOt  to  the  lady,  bj  whom   he  it 

accepted.— Genenl  Biugoyne,  TAs  Hmnu 
(1781).  '»*--' 

OaaTxm,  tiie  bleck  lUve  of  the  old 
u«-wonhipper,  employed  to  sacrifice  the 
■niiinlmang  to  be  offered  on  the  "  mom- 
tain  of  &T^'*'-Arcbkm  NigKU  (**  Amciad 
aadAaaad'O.  -r^-S-a 

Gktfette  {Shr  Gregory),  a  man  who 
de^hta  in  news,  withont  having  the 
shgfatest  eomprehension  of  poU&s.— 
Samael  FooCe,  TAe  Knighis. 

Oas'nividee  (8  syL),  a  Persian 
dynasty,  which  gave  four  kings  and 
Jifled  fifty  years.  It  was  founded  by 
Mahmond  Gazni  (999-1049). 

Ge^MTy  an  Arabian  alchemist,  bom 
at  Hhnu,  in  Persia  (ei^th  oentory).  He 
wrote  sererml  treatises  on  the  "art  of 
■aking  gold,*^  in  the  nsnal  mystical 
jarrai  of  the  period ;  and  hence  oor  word 
gUoritk  (*<  senseless  jargon  "). 

nil  art  tto  Anbiaa  GdMr  tM«lit  .  . 
"^-  ""^^rf PWp««a«I  YctoSr^ 
LoatkOtam,  Tkt 


Oeddes  (Jcehmd),  the  qoaker. 

AidM  (TediM,  sister  of  Joshna. 

Pkg^  Oeddes,  grandfather  of  Joshua 
«d  Radiel  Geddes.— Sir  W.  Sootti  Sed- 
gtmUgi  (time,  George  III.). 

CMien'nQ^  the  phu^  of  everlastmg 
totmoit.  Stocily  speaking,  it  means  the 
TaO^  of  Hinnom  (Oe  Bmnom),  where 
Trificee  to  Moloch  were  offered,  and 
vWie  refiose  of  all  sorts  was  subsequently 
eHt,  for  the  consumption  of  which  fires 
vere  kept  constantly  burning.  There 
was  also  a  sort  of  ogna  to/cma,  called 


Mr  tlM  v«rlat  Bqoor  ( _„ 

CriMoaa  eidled.  th«  type  of  bdL 
Mlltoa.  Parudim  Lott,  L  4M  UMB). 

Geiaratain  iGf^Mme\^  Arnold 
•siuit  oif. 

ComU  Albert  of  Oeierttein.  brother  of 
Arnold  Biederman,  disguised  (1)  as  the 
black  priest  of  St  Paul's ;  (2)  as  pre- 
Mdent  of  the  secret  tribunal :  (3)  as  monk 
it  Mont  St.  Victoire. 

Atme  of  Geientein,  called  <<The  Maiden 
•f  the  Mist,"  daughter  of  count  Albert, 
■nd  baroness  of  Amheim. 

Conud  BemricJk  of  Oeierstem,  grand- 
fiUber  of  count  Arnold. 

ComU  WiUiewald  of  Oeierstem,  &ther 
«f  count  Amold.~Sir  W.  Scott,  Amte  of 
Qtkntem  (time,  Edward  IT.). 


Oelfllaer  (PeUrkm),  one  of  the  in- 
jurgents  at  U^  [Z*.a;>].--Sir  W. 
S«)tt,  Qmmm  Dunoard  (time,  Edward 
Iv.), 

Q«ith(<?«)rgrff),  a  model  of  untiring  in- 
dustry, perseveranoe,  and  moral  courage. 
Undaunted  by  difiiculties,  he  pursued  his 
onward  way,  and   worked   as   lonir  as 

r^  ,n  "^J?"  >,^--^^   Txalord 
[Riddell],  George  Geith. 

OolerL  Uewellyn^s  favourite  hound. 
One  day,  Llewellyn  returned  from  hunt- 
ing, when  Gdlert  met  him  smeared  with 
(^ore.  The  chieftain  felt  ahtrmed,  and 
mstMiUy  went  to  look  for  his  baby  son. 
He  found  the  cradle  overturned,  and  all 
around  was  sprinkled  with  gore  and  blood. 
He  called  his  child,  but  no  voice  replied, 
and  blinking  the  hound  had  eaten  it,  he 
stabbed  the  animal  to  the  heart.  The 
tumult  awoke  the  baby  boy,  and  on  search- 
ing more  carefully,  a  huge  wolf  was  found 
under  the  bed,  quite  detA.  G^ert  had 
slam  the  wolf  and  saved  the  child. 

And  now  A  BdlaDt  tomb  tbcjr  nla«. 
With  ooklir  Kulptura  dwskwt : 

And  marlilMi  atorUd  with  bto  pcalHi. 
_  .  PoorG«l«f.bou«prot«t.^^ 
BOB.  W.  B.  Spenoer.  SMMtoforC  ("  G4lflrt's  anv»")L 

^  %*  ThU  tale,  with  a  slight  difference. 
IS  common  to  all  parts  of  the  world.    It 
is   told    m    the    Gesta  Bomanorwn  of 
Folhcttlus,  a  knight,  bat  the  wolf  is  a 
serpent,"  and  Folliculus.  in  repentance, 
makes  a  pilgrimage  to  the  Holy  Land. 
In  the  Sanskrit  version,  given  in  the 
Pantschatantra  (a.d.  640),   the  tale  is 
told   of    the   brahmin    Devasaman,    an 
"ichneumon"  and  « black  snake"  taking 
the  placet  of  the  dog  and  the  wolf.    In 
the  Arabic  version  by  Nasr-Allah  (twelfth 
century),  a  "weasel"  is  substituted  for 
the  dog ;  in  the  Mongolian   Uligerun  a 
"polecat;"  in  the  Persian  SindibadndmelL 
a  "cat;"  and  in  the  Jfitopadesa  (iv.  »), 
an    "  otter."    In  the  (Ainese  Forest  of 
Peoria  from  the  Garden  of  the  Law,  the 
dog  is  an  "  ichneumon,"  as  in  the  Indian 
version  (a.d.  668).     In  Sandabar,  and 
also  in  the  Hebrew  version,  the  tale  is 
told  of  a  dog.    A  similar  tale  is  told  of 
czar  Piras  of  Russia ;  and  another  occurs 
in  the  Seven  Wiee  Master $, 

Oellatly  {Daws),  idiot  servant  ot 
uie  baron  of  Bradwardine  (8  sy/.). 

Old  Janet  Gellatly,  the  idiot's  mother. 
—Sir  W.  Scott,  Waverley  (time,  Geoigw 

XX%J» 

%*  In  some  editions  the  word  is  spelt 
"GeUatley."  *^ 

Sb 


GELOIOS. 


870 


GEMINI. 


Gelol'os,  Silly  Laughter  penonified. 
Celoiot  is  slain  by  Encra'tis  {temper- 
anoe)  in  the  battle  of  MansouL  (Greek, 
gilotosy  **facetiotts.") 

CMoIm  next  etwued.  a  merry  Greek.         .      .    .      ^ 
Whaw  lifc  WM  Iwigbtor  wJn.  and  mirth  mfaplxwid ; 

His  apeeehM  btxwd.  to  iImuw  Um  tnedMt  dtedc ; 
Nor  mnA  he  vfcom,  or  when,  or  how  diasraoed. 

PhlMM  Fletohar.  Th*  Fmrpit  Ittmmd,  tUL.  zL  {MM), 


Gem  Alphabet. 

jyamtpareitt. 

Amethyst 

Beryl 

Chrysoberyl 

IDiamond 

Xtmcrald 

Felspar 

Garnet 

Hyacinth 

Idocrase 

Kyanite 

Ijvnx-Bapphire 

l£ilk-opal 

Natrolite 

Opal 

Pyrope 

Quartz 

Ruby 

Bapphire 

Topaz 

Unanite 

Vesurianite 

Water-sapphire 

Xanthite 

Zircon 


Opoftm 

Agate 

Basalt 

Cacholoi^ 

Diaspore 

Xi^ptian  pebble 

Fire-stone 

Granite 

Heliotrope 

Jasper 

Krokidolite 

Ijapis-lazuli 

Malachite 

lifephrite 

Onyx 

Porphyry 

Quartz-agate 

Bose-qui^tz 

Sardonyx 

Turquoise  ^ 

mtra-marine 

Verd-antioue 

Wood-opal 

X>'lotile 

Zurlite 


Gem     of    I^ormandy,     Emma, 
daughter   of   Richard    "the    FearleBS, 
duke  of  Normandv.    She  first  married 
Ethelred  II.  of  England,  and  then  Canute, 
but  survived  both,  and  died  in  1052. 

There  ii  a  etorr  told  that  Emma  was  once  brooght  to 
trial  on  rarlou*  cnargee  of  public  and  prhrate  mbcondoct. 
but  that  i4ie  cleared  heraelf  bjr  the  ordeal  o(  walking  blind* 
fold  orer  red-hot  ploughahiirH  wi:hout  being  hurt.— &  A. 
Freaman,  Otd  EiigUth  History ,  •290. 

Gem  of  the  Ooean.  Ireland  is 
called  by  T.  Moore  *^  first  gem  of  the 
ocean,  first  pearl  of  the  sea." 

GemB  emblems  of  the  Twelve 
Apostles. 

Amdbbw,  the  bright  bine  sapphtre, 
emblematic  of  his  heavenly  faitii. 

BARTHOL.OMBW,  the  red  cornelian^ 
emblematic  of  his  martyrdom. 

Jamrs,  the  white  chalcedony ^  em- 
blematic of  his  purity. 

James  thb  Lbss,  the  topaz,  em- 
blematic of  delicacy. 

John,  the  emerald,  emblematic  of  his 
youth  and  gentleness. 

Mattrbw,  the  amethyst,  emblematic 
of  Bobriet}'.    Matthew  was  once  a  "  pub- 


lican,** bat  was  ^  sobered  "  by  the  leaTvn 
of  Christianity. 

Matthias,  the  chrysolite,  pore  aa  siui- 
shine. 

Peter,  the  jasper,  hard  and  solid  as 
the  rock  of  the  Church. 

Philip,  the  friendly  sardonyx, 

Simeon  of  Cana,  the  pink  Ayacmthf 
emblekiatic  of  sweet  temper. 

Thaddbus,  the  chrysopnue,  em- 
blematic of  serenity  and  trustfulness. 

Thomas,  the  bervl,  indefinite  In  lostoe, 
emblematic  of  his  doubting  faith. 

Gems  symbolio  of  the  Months. 

January,  the  jacinth  or  hjracinth, 
symbolizing  constancy  and  fidelity. 

Fdiruary,  the  amethjrst,  symbolizing 
peace  of  mind  and  sobriety. 

March,  the  blood-stone  or  jasper,  sjnii- 
bolizin^  courage  and  success  m  aangeroas 
enterprise. 

April,  tiie  sapphire  and  diamond, 
symbolizing  repentance  and  innocence. 

May,  the  emerald,  symbolizing  snocew 
in  love. 

June,  the  agate,  symbolizing  long  life 
and  health. 

July,  the  camelian,  symbolizing  csus 
of  evus  resnlting  from  foigetfnlness. 

August,  the  sardonjrx  or  onyx,  syoi- 
bolizmg  conjugal  felicit^r. 

Septernber,  the  chrysolite,  qrmbolizang 
preservation  from  folly,  or  its  cure. 

October,  the  aqua-marine,  opal,  or 
bervl,  symbolizing  hope. 

ifovernber,  the  topaz,  symbolizing  fiddity 
and  friendship. 

Deoemberj  uie  tmnquoise  or  ruby,  sym- 
bolizing brilliant  success. 

*^*  some  doubt  exists  between  May 
and  June,  July  and  August.  Thus  some 
give  the  agate  to  May,  and  the  emeraid  to 
June;  the  ocamelian  to  August,  and  the 
onyx  to  July. 

Gembok  or  Gemsboo,  a  sort  of 
stag,  a  native  of  South  Africa.  It  is  a 
heavy,  stout  animal,  which  makes  auA 
use  of  its  horns  as  even  to  beat  off  the 
lion. 


Far  Into  the  heat  amonc  tha 

The  gembok  natlooe,  nidiBg  up  tha  wind 

Drawn  bjr  the  ecetit  of  water;  and  the  bandft 

Of  Uwnjr-bearded  Ikme  pactnf,  blind 

With  the  ain-daade  .  .  .  and  splritlea  for  laek  of 

Jean  Ingdow,  Th*  FMir  BHdgtt, 

Gem'ini  {'Hhe  twins'').  Castor  and 
Pollux  are  the  two  principal  stars  of  thia 
constellation ;  the  former  has  a  bluish 
tinge,  and  the  latter  a  damask  red. 

Aj  heaTen's  higfa  twine,  whereof  In  Tyrian  bina 
The  one  rerolveth ;  through  hb  eoune  Inwneiw 
Might  lova  hb  fellow  of  the  damadi  hua 

Jena  lofalov,  Svtmtn,  L 


GEMINI 


»71 


6E0FFRBT. 


Mn.  Browning  makes  Eve 
in  flM  conftellation  Gemini  a 
fymbol  of  the  increftse  of  the  hnman  race, 
•nd  the  loTed  to  gaze  on  it. — E.  B. 
Brownii^,  A  Drama  of  Exile  (1850). 

Qeneu'ra.    (See  Gihkura.) 
*«*  Qneen  Gmnever  or   Goenever   is 
■nnetimcs  called  ^'Genema,**.  or  **Gd- 


Gene^ra     BuU     {The\     Stephen 
liarnhall,  a  Galvinistic  preacher. 

Genevi^rve  {St.)^  the  patron  saint  of 
Ptns,  bom  at  Nanterre.  She  was  a 
diepberdcss,  hot  went  to  Paris  when  her 
pazents  died,  and  was  there  during 
Attila's  invasion  (a.d.  451).  She  told 
the  citixena  that  God  would  spare  the 
dty,  and  **her  prediction  came  tme." 
At  another  time,  she  procured  food  for  the 
Pariaiana  ^ifFering  from  famine.  At  her 
nqnest,  Clovis  built  the  church  of  St. 
Pierre  ei  St.  Pan],  afterwards  called 
Ste.  Genevieve.  Her  da^  is  January  3. 
Her  relics  are  deposited  in  the  Pantheon 
Mv  called  by  her  name  (419-512). 


1  or  Ginn,  an  intermediate  race 
between  angels  and  men.  They  ruled  on 
(aith  before  the  creation  of  Adam. — 
B'Herbelot,  Bibliotkique  OrientaU,  357 
(1697).     Also  spelt  Djinn  and  Jinn. 

%*  Solomon  is  supposed  to  preside 
9rtx  the  whole  race  of  genii.  This  seems 
to  hare  arisen  from  a  mere  confusion  of 
voids  oi  somewhat  similar  sound.  The 
cUef  of  the  genii  was  called  a  suley- 
whidi  got  corrupted  into  a  proper 


GeniuB  and  Common  Senoe. 
T.  Moore  says  that  Common  Sense  and 
Gains  once  went  out  together  on  a 
zuable  by  moonli^hL  Common  Sense 
vat  prosing  on  his  way,  arrived  home 
ia  ^ood  time,  and  went  to  bed;  but 
Goras,  while  gazing  at  the  stars,  stum- 
kled  into  a  river,  and  died. 

\*  This  stoiy  is  told  of  Thalfis  the 
fiuloso]rfier  by  Plato.  Chaucer  has  also 
SB  allusion  thereto  in  his  Miller's  Tate, 

8a  fade  another  derk  vlth 'Mronomfs : 
B*  vaftAd  ia  the  teddto  for  to  piT* 
Vmb  the  Mcrrii.  what  ttMr  ibuld  MmII, 
Bto  ms  in  A  omtM  pU  WbU. 
ChMiwr.  OmmUrbmr^  Talm,  S487.  ale.  (laSSJL 

Oenna'rOy  the  natural  son  of  Lucrezia 
C  Borgia  (dMighter  of  pope  Alexander 
VL)  before  her  marriage  with  Alfonso 
iake  of  Fena'ra.  He  was  brought  up 
bgr  a  Neapolitan  fisherman.  In  early 
■■haod  he  went  to  Venice,  heard  m. 
tbe  fcandaloofl  cruelty  of  Lncrezia,  and, 


with  the  heedless  petulance  of  ycnth, 
mutilated  the  duke*s  escutcheon  by  strik- 
ing out  the  B,  thus  converting  Boma 
into  Orgia  (orgies).  Lucrezia  demanded 
vengeance,  and  Gennaro  was  condemned 
to  death  by  poison.  When  Lucrezia 
discovered  that  the  offender  was  her  own 
son,  she  gave  him  an  antidote  to  the 
poison,  and  set  him  free.  Not  long  after 
this,  at  a  banquet  given  by  Negro'ni, 
Lucrezia  revealed  herself  to  Gennaro  as 
his  mother,  and  both  expired  of  poison  in 
the  banquet  hall. — Donizetti,  Lucrezia  dt 
Borgia  (1834). 

Gtonnil  {Ralph)^  a  veteran  in  the 
troop  of  sir  Hugo  de  Lacy. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  The  Betrothed  (time,  Henry  II.). 

Genove'fa,  wife  of  Siegfried  count 
palatine  of  Brabant.  Being  sus- 
pected of  infidelity,  she  was  driven  into 
the  forest  of  Ardennes,  where  she  gave 
birth  to  a  son,  who  was  suckled  by  a 
white  doe.  After  a  time,  Siegfried  dis- 
covered his  error,  and  both  mother  and 
child  were  restored  to  their  proper  home. 
— Qerman  Pomtlar  Stories, 

Tieck  and  AlUUer  have  popularized  tiie 
tradition,  and  Baupach  has  made  it  tha 
subject  of  a  drama. 

Gentle  Shepherd  (7^),  Geom 
Grenville.  In  one  of  his  speeches,  be 
exclaimed  in  the  House,  "Tell  me 
where ! "  when  Pitt  hummed  the  line  of 
a  popular  song,  *' Gentle  Shepherd,  tell 
me  where ! "  and  the  House  was  convulsed 
with  laughter  (1712-1770). 

Gentle  Shepherd  (The)^  the  title  and 
chief  character  of  Allan  Bamsay's  pas- 
toral (1725). 

Gentleman  of  Enrope  ( l%e  First), 

George  IV.  (1762,  1820-1830). 

Itwastba"flnt8Bntl«iiian  In  luropa  *  in  arhoM  high 
praaenoe  Mn.  Rawdon  paawd  Itar  axamination,  and  touk 
bar  dagrae  in  reputation  ;  m  It  mutt  he  Sat  dUkjgntltjr  to 
doabt  iiar  rirtoe.  What  a  noble  appreciation  of  clia« 
radar  nuiet  tb«f«  not  hare  bean  in  Vanit|r  Fair  irtian 
tliat  aufut  aovereign  waa  inveetad  witli  tlia  Utla  of 
Prtmter  Otntilkomm*  of  aU  luropa  1  — >  Thadufar. 
VtmUg  /Mr  (1848). 

Gentleman  of  Swrope  (First),  Loms 
d*Artois. 

Gentleman  Smith,  William  Smith, 
actor,  noted  for  his  gentlemanly  deport- 
ment on  the  stage  (1730-1790). 

G^eoflQpey,  archbishop  of  York. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  The  Talisman  (time,  Richard 
I.). 

Geoffrey f  the  old  ostler  of  John  Mengt 
(innkeeper  at  Kirchhoff).— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Anne  of  Geier stein  (time,  Edward  IV.). 


GEOFFRET  CRAYON. 


872 


GEORGE  IT.,  ETC. 


Oeoffrey  Crayon,  the  hypothetical 
■•me  of  the  author  of  the  Sketck-Book, 
by  WMhington  Irviiig  of  New  York 
(1818-1820). 


Oeorge    {Honest),    General    Monk, 
GeoTse    ani 
called    by   the    rotariei    of    Cromwell 


p—    > /-     — ■    » 

Inke   of    Albemarle,   was    so 


(1608-1670). 

Oeorge  {Mr,)^  a  stalwart,  handsome, 
simple-hearted  fellow,  son  of  Mrs. 
RonnceweU  the  housekeeper  at  Chesney 
Wold.  He  was  very  wilol  as  a  lad,  and 
ran  away  from  his  mother  to  enlist  as  a 
soldier;  but  on  his  return  to  England 
he  opened  a  shooting-ffalleiy  in  Leicester 
Square,  London.  When  sir  Leicester 
Dedlock,  in  his  old  age,  fell  into  trouble, 
Geom  became  bis  &ithful  attendant.— 
C  Dickens,  Bleak  House  (1858). 

Oeorge  {St,)^  the  patron  saint  of  Eng- 
land. He  was  bom  at  Lydda,  but  brought 
mp  in  Ca])padociaf  and  suffered  ma^ndom 
in  the  reign  of  Diocletian,  April  23,  a.d. 
803.  Mr.  Hogg  tells  us  of  a  Greek  in- 
scription at  Ezra,  in  S3rria,  dated  846,  in 
which  the  martjnrdom  of  SL  George  is 
referred  to.  At  this  date  was  hying 
George  bishop  of  Alexandria,  with  whom 
Gibbon,  in  his  Decline  and  Fall,  has  con- 
founded tiie  j>atron  saint  of  England ;  but 
the  bishop  died  in  862,  or  fifty-nine  years 
after  the  prince  of  Cappadocia.  (See 
Red  Cbobs  Knight.) 

*4i*  Mussulmans  revere  St.  George 
pnder  the  name  of  **  Gherghis.** 

8t,  George's  Bones  were  taken  to  tiie 
church  in  the  citv  of  Constantine. 

8t,  Geortje's  Head.  One  of  his  heads 
was  preserved  at  Rome.  Long  forgotten, 
it  was  rediscovered  in  751,  and  was  given 
in  1600  to  the  church  of  Ferrara.  Another 
of  his  heads  was  preserved  in  the  churdi 
of  Mares-Moutier,  in  Picardy. 

iSK.  George^s  Limbs,  One  of  his  arms 
fell  from  heaven  upon  the  altar  of  Pan- 
taloon, at  Colore.  Another  was  pre- 
served in  a  religious  house  of  BanUa, 
Mid  was  transfoired  thence  in  the  ninth 
centuiy  to  Cambray.  Part  of  an  arm 
was  presented  by  liobert  of  Flanders  to 
the  city  of  Toulouse ;  another  part  was 
given  to  the  abbey  of  Auchin,  and 
another  to  the  countess  Matilda. 

George  and  the  Dragon  {St,), 
St.  George,  son  of  lord  Albert  of 
Coventry,  was  stolen  in  infancy  by  "  the 
weird  lady  of  the  woods,"  who  brought 
ttie  lad  up  to  deeds  of  arms.  His  Ix^y 
had  three  marks :  a  dragon  on  the  breas^ 


a  garter  round  one  of  the  legs,  and  a 
blood-red  cross  on  the  ri^t  arm.  When 
he  grew  to  manhood,  he  f onsht  against 
the  Saracens.  In  Libjra  he  heard  of  a 
huge  dragon,  to  which  a  damsel  was 
daily  given  for  food,  and  it  so  happened 
tiiat  when  he  arrived  the  victim  was 
Sabra,  the  kind's  daughter.  She  was 
already  tied  to  ue  stake  when  St.  George 
came  up.  On  came  the  dragon  |  but  tae 
knight,  thrusdi^  his  lance  uto  the 
monster's  mouth,  killed  it  on  the  spot. 
Sabray  being  brought  to  England,  became 
the  wife  of  ner  ddiverer,  aind  they  lived 
happily  in  Coventry  till  death. — Percy, 
Belupies,  IIL  m,  % 

8t,  George  and  the  Dragon,  on  old 
guinea-pieces,  was  the  design  of  Pis- 
trucd.  It  was  an  adaptation  of  a  di- 
drachm  of  Tarentum,  B.C.  250. 

*«*  The  enoounter  between  George  sad 
the  dragon  took  place  at  Berytus  {Bey^ 

nrt). 

The  tale  of  St.  Geowe  and  the  dragon 
is  told  in  the  Golden  Legends  of  Jaoqnes 
de  Voragine.  —  See  S.  Baring-Gould, 
Curious  Myths  of  the  Middle  Ages. 

Oeorge  I.  and  the  duohess  of 
Kendal  (1719).  The  duchess  was  a 
German,  whose  name  was  Eraagard 
Melrose  de  Schulemberg.  She  was 
treated  duchess  of  Munster,  in  Irelaady 
baroness  Glastonbury,  countess  of  Ferer- 
sham,  and  duchess  of  Kendal  (died 
1743). 

Oeorge  IL  His  favourite  was  Maiy 
Howard,  duchess  of  Suffolk. 

George  II.,  when  an^ry,  vented  his 
displeasure  by  kicking  his  hat  about  ths 
room.  We  are  told  that  Xerxes  vented 
his  displeasure  at  the  loss  of  his  bridges 
by  oraering  the  Hellespont  to  be  Ot- 
tered, lashed  with  800  stripes,  and  in- 
sulted. 

G^eorge  IIL  and  the  Fair 
Quakeress.  When  Geoig^e  III.  was 
about  20  years  of  age,  he  fell  in  love  with 
Hannah  Lightfoot,  daughter  of  a  linen- 
draper  in  lUiket  Street,  St  James's.  He 
married  her  in  Kew  Church,  1769,  but 
of  course  the  marriage  was  not  recog- 
nised.   (See  LovBRS.) 

*4,*  Tne  following  year  (September, 
1760),  he  married  the  princess  Charlotte 
of  Mccklcnburg-Strelitz.  Haunah  Li^ht- 
fixtt  mnrriod  a  Mr.  Axford,  and  passed 
out  of  public  notice. 

Oeorge  IV.  and  Mrs.  Mary 
Bobinson,  generally  called  Pevdita. 


QB0B6E. 


878 


GERALDINE. 


MsiT  Buiry,  at  the  ace  of  15,  married 
Mk.  BoWmoo,  idio  Utm  a  few  months  on 
credit,  and  was  then  imprisoned  for 
debt.  Mrs.  Rolnnson  sondbt  a  livelihood 
on  the  stage,  and  George  fv .,  then  prince 
of  Wales  and  a  mere  lad,  saw  her  as 
^'Fudita,**  fell  in  love  with  her,  cor- 
responded widi  her  onder  the  assomed 
name  of  "  Florizei,**  and  gave  her  a  bond 
for  jS20,000,  snbseqaentlv  cancelled  for 
an  annmty  of  £500  (1758-1800). 

%*  George  lY.  was  bom  in  1762,  and 
was  only  16  in  1778,  when  he  fell  in  love 
with  Mrs.  Robinson.  Hie  young  prince 
suddenly  abandoned  her,  and  after  two 
other  love  affairs,  privately  married,  i^ 
Osxiton  House  (in  1785),  Mrs.  Titzherbert, 
a  lady  of  good  family,  and  a  widow, 
Kven  years  his  senior.  The  marriage 
bong  contxary  to  tiie  law,  he  married  the 
orincess  (^oline  of  Brunswick,  in  1795  ; 
out  still  retained  his  connection  with 
Vn.  Fitzherbert,  and  added  a  new  h^ 
Tovite,  tiie  coantess  of  Jersey. 

George  [db  Laval],  a  friend  of 
floiaee  de  Brienne  (2  ayl,).  Having 
committed  f  oigery,  Ckrlos  {cUias  marquis 
d'Antas),  being  cognizant  of  it,  had  him 
in  his  power ;  but  Ogarita  (alias  Martha) 
eUstned  the  document,  and  returned  it  to 
Geoige. — £.  StaiiiDg,  Orphan  of  the  I^roxen 
aw  (1866). 

George-&-Oreen,  the  pinner  or 
poond-keeper  of  Wakefield,  one  of  the 
chosen  favourites  of  Robin  Hood. 

Vcnl 


aMQ. 


Ubi 


il*  MQ  III  n|{UUIU| 

bU 


Oaoln 

Snmtit  I 

Pool" 

Oaaiig 

VftUut 

Wbat 


<3«ori|»«.Ora«n.  the  paMuit ; 
■oC  iMt  ipM  tawtaad.  dr. 
'Bm  Gaomrs  HeMt,"  rir ; 
m  with  ale  Ilka  nactar. 
I  Car  Gaorss  or  Hactort 


*^*  Robert  Gieen  has  a  drama  entitled 
Gtom-a-Oreeny  the  Pinner  of  Wakefield 
(1589). 

G^Tge  Street  (Strand,  London), 
one  of  a  scries  of  streets  named  after  the 
second  duke  of  Buckingham.  The  series 
coosiMts  of  George  Str^t,  Yilliers  Street, 
Doke  Street,  and  Buckingkam  Street. 

Georgian  Women  {The).  Allah, 
wishing  to  stock  his  celestial  liarem,  com- 
miadonied  an  imaum  to  select  for  him 
forty  of  Ae  loveliest  women  he  could 
Snd.  The  imaum  journeyed  into  Frankis- 
Isa,  and  from  the  country  of  the  Ingliz 


carried  off  the  king's  daaghter.  Fraoi 
Germany  he  selected  other  maidens ;  but 
when  he  arrived  at  Gori  (north-west  of 
Tiflis)  he  fell  in  love  with  one  of  the  beau- 
ties, and  tarried  there.  AUah  punished 
him  by  death,  but  the  maidens  remained 
in  (xofi,  and  became  the  mothers  of  tiie 
most  beautiful  race  of  mortals  in  the 
whole  earth. — A  Legend, 

G^eorgina  [Vesev],  drafter  of  sir 
John  Vesey.  Fretty,  but  vain  and  frivo- 
lous. She  loved,  as  much  as  her  heart 
was  susceptible  of  such  a  passion,  sir 
Frederick  Blount,  but  wavered  between 
her  liking  and  uie  policv  of  marrying 
Alfred  Evelyn,  a  man  of  great  wealth. 
When  she  thought  the  property  of  Evelyn 
was  insecure,  she  at  once  gave  her  hand 
to  sir  Frederick. — Lord  L.  Bulwer  Lytton, 
Money  (1840). 

Qeraint'  (^))  of  Devon,  one  of  the 
knights  of  the  Round  Table.  He  was 
married  to  E'nid,  only  child  of  Yn'iol. 
Fearing  lest  Enid  should  be  tainted  by 
the  queen,  sir  Geraint  left  the  court,  and 
retired  to  Devon.  Half  sleeping  and 
half  waking,  he  overheard  part  of  Enid's 
words,  and  fancying  her  to  be  unfaithful 
to  him,  treated  her  for  a  time  with  great 
harshness  :  but  Enid  nursed  him  when  he 
was  wounded  with  such  wifely  tenderness 
that  he  could  no  longer  doubt  her  fealty, 
and  a  complete  underst  anding  being  estab- 
lished, "  they  crowned  a  happy  life  with 
a  fair  death.*'— Tennyson,  JdyUe  of  the 
King  (**  Geraint  and  &iid  "). 

Qer'aldin  (Lord),  son  of  the  earl  of 
Glenallan.  He  appears  first  as  William 
Lovell,  and  afterwards  as  major  Neville. 
He  nuuries  Isabella  Wardour  (daughter 
of  sir  Arthur  Wardour). 

Sir  Aymer  de  Qeraldin,  an  ancestor  of 
lord  Geialdin.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  An- 
tiquary (time,  (jeorge  III.). 

Oer'aldine  (3  »y/.)i  »  yonng  man, 
who  comes  home  from  his  travels  to  find 
his  pla3rfellow  (that  should  have  been  his 
wife)  married  to  old  Wincott,  who  receives 
him  hospitably  as  a  friend  of  his  father's, 
takes  delight  in  hearing  tales  of  his 
travels,  and  treats  him  most  kindly. 
Geraldine  and  the  wife  mutuallv  agree 
not  in  any  wise  to  wrong  so  noble  and 
confiding  an  old  gentleman. — John  Hey- 
wood.  The  English  Traveller  (1576-1645). 

Oeraldine  (Lady),  an  orphan,  the  ward 
of  her  uncle  count  de  Valmont,  and  the 
betrothed  of  Florian  ("the  foundling  of 
the  forest,"  and  the  adopted  son  of  th« 


GERALDINE.  874 


•omnt).  This  fomidUng  tnnu  out  to  be 
his  real  son,  who  had  been  rescued  by  his 
mother  and  carried  into  the  forest  to  save 
him  from  the  hands  of  Longaevillc^a 
desperate  TiUain. — ^W.  IHmond,  The 
FoumUmg  of  the  Forest, 

Oeraldine  (The  F<w)f  the  lady  whose 
praises  are  sung  by  Henry  Howard  earl 
of  Surrey.  Supposed  to  be  Elizabeth 
Fitzgerald,  daughter  of  Gerald  Fitzgerald 
ninth  earl  of  Kildare.  She  married  the 
earl  of  Lincoln. 

Gerard  {John)^  an  English  botanist 
(1545-1607),  who  compiled  the  Catalogue 
Arborttmj  FhUicwn,€t  Plantorum^  tarn 
Indigenarum  quam  Exoticanany  m  fforto 
Johanis  Gerardi,  Also  author  of  the 
Jlerbal  or  General  History  of  Plants 
(1597). 


or 

lb 


most  iMtpfnl  hcriM  Tec  tdl  «•  bat  A  fnr, 
nnmnnMrad  aorti  at  ■fanplai  hart  that  i 
'  Oanrd  7«t  ahAll  erer  flnd  them  aO. 

Dnqrtoa. /WywIMMi.  lUL  dflS). 


Oerardf  attendant  of  sir  Patrick  Char- 
ieru  (provost  of  Perth).— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Fau^  Maid  of  Perth  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

Gerhard  the  Go<xL  a  merchant  of 
Cologne,  who  exchanges  his  ricii  freight 
for  a  cargo  of  Christian  slaveH,  that  he 
may  give  them  their  liberty,  lie  retains 
only  one,  who  is  the  wife  of  William 
king  of  England.  She  is  about  to  marry 
the  merchant's  son,  when  the  king  sud- 
denly appears,  disguised  as  a  puffrim. 
Gerhard  restores  the  wife,  ships  oom  off 
to  England,  refuses  all  recompense,  and 
remains  a  merchant  as  before. — Rudolf 
of  Ems  (a  minnesinger),  Gerhard  the  Good 
(thirteenth  century). 

Ger'ion.  So  William  Browne,  in  his 
Britannia*s  Pastorale  (fifth  song),  calls 
Philip  of  Spain.  The  allusion  is  to 
Geryon  of  Gadds  {Cadiz) ^  a  monster  ¥nth 
three  bodies  (or,  in  other  words,  a  king 
ovex  three  kingdoms^  slain  by  Hercul^. 

♦*♦  The  three  kmgdoms'over  which 
Fbiiip  reigned  were  Spain,  Germany,  and 
the  Netherlands. 

Gerlinda  or  Girlint,  the  mother 
of  Hartmuth  king  of  Norwav.  Wlien 
Hartmuth  carried  off  Gudrun  the  daugh- 
ter of  Hettel  (Attila)y  who  refused  to 
marry  him,  Gerlinda  put  her  to  the  most 
menial  work,  such  as  washing  the  dirty 
linen.  But  her  lover,  Herwig  king  of 
Heligoland,  invaded  Norway,  and  having 
gained  a  complete  Wctory,  put  Gerlinda 
to  death. — An  Anglo-Saxon  Poem  (thir- 
Icenth  century) 


G^ONTB. 

German  Iiiteratare  {Fatktr  cf). 
Gotthold  Ephraim  Losing  (1729-1781). 

Germany,  formerly  called  Tongres. 
The  name  was  changed  (according  to 
fable)  in  compliment  to  Ger'mana,  sister 
of  Julius  Oesar,  and  wife  of  Salvias 
Brabon  duke  of  Brabant. — Jehan  de 
Ifaire,  Illustrations  de  GaulSy  iiL  20-23. 

Geoffrey  of  Monmoutii  says  that 
Ebrancus,  one  of  the  descendants  of  Bmte 
king  of  Britain,  had  twenty  sons,  all  of 
whom,  except  the  eldest,  settled  in 
Tongres,  which  was  then  called  Gennany, 
becMise  it  was  the  land  of  the  germane  or 
brothers. 


or 


(Ud 
kUskt. 


an 


1L1S(1BM|. 


Geron'imo,  the  friend  of  Sganarelle 
(8  syL),  Sganarelle  asks  him  if  he  would 
advise  his  marrying.  **How  old  aro 
yon?**  asks  Geronimo;  and  being  told 
that  he  is  68,  and  the  girl  under  20,  saya, 
**  No.**  Sganarelle,  greatly  displeased  at 
his  advice,  declares  he  is  hale  and  strong, 
that  he  loves  the  girL  and  has  promised 
to  marry  her.  '* Then  do  as  vou  like,**  says 
Geronimo. — Moli^re,  Le  Manage  Foroi 
(1664). 

*«*  This  joke  is  borrowed  from  Babe- 
lais.  Panur^  asks  Pantag'ruel'  whether 
he  advises  hun  to  marry.  '^Yes,**  says 
tiie  prince;  whereupon  Panurge  statos 
sevend  objections.  **Then  don*t,**  says 
the  prince.  **Bat  I  wish  to  many,** 
says  Panuige.  "  Then  do  it  by  all 
means,*'  sajrs  the  prince.  Every  time  tha 
prince  advises  him  to  marry,  Panurge 
obiects;  and  every  time  the  jwinoe 
advises  the  contrary,  the  advice  is 
equally  unacceptable. — Pantagruelf  iii. 
9  (1545). 

Geronte'  (2  s^/.),  father  of  L^andre 
and  Hyadnthe ;  a  miserly  old  hunks. 
He  has  to  pay  Scapin  £1500  for  the 
"  ransom  **  of  L^andre,  and  after  having 
exhausted  every  evasion,  draws  out  his 
purse  to  pay  the  money,  sa3ring,  **The 
Turk  is  a  villain ! "  "  Yes,**  says  Scapin. 
"A  rascal!**  "  Yes,**  says  Scapin.  "A 
thief!"  "Yes,**  says  Scapin.  "He 
would  wring  from  me  £1500 !  would  he  ?" 
"Yes,**  says  Scapin,  "Oh,  if  I  catch 
him,  won't  I  pav  him  out?**  "Yes,* 
says  Scapin.  Then,  putting  his  purse 
back  into  his  pocket,  he  walks  off,  saying, 
"Pav  the  ransom,  and  bring  bacK  tlie 
boy.*  "But  the  money:  wherc's  the 
money  ?  **  says  Scapin.  "  ()n,  didn't  I  give 
it    you?**     "No,**    says    Scapin.      "I 


OiRONTE. 

tagot,"  Mjs  G^ronto,  and  he  pays  the 
mooej  (act  iL  11).— Molibre,  Lu  Four- 
btrkt  de  Soapm  (1671). 

In  the  Knglifth  Teiuon,  called  Tfw 
Ouats  of  Soipm,  by  Otway,  G^ronte 
is  called  ^  Gripe,**  Hyadnthe  is  caUed 
"daca,**  L^andre  it  Anglicized  into 
"  Leaader,**  and  the  earn  cl  money  bor- 

iaiaoo. 


375 


GESSLER. 


Gtnmte  (2  sy/.),  the  father  of  Lacinde 
()  ^.).  He  wanted  his  daughter  to 
Barry  Horace,  but  as  she  loved  L^andre, 
in  Older  to  avoid  a  marriage  she  detested 
she  pretended  to  have  lost  the  power  of 
aitiealate  speech,  and  only  answered, 
•*Han,hi,honr  " Han,  hi, hon,  han ! " 
Sganarelle,  'Me  medecin  malgrtf  loi,** 
seeing  that  this  jaigon  was  put  on.  and 
ascertaining  that  Ltedre  was  her  lover, 
introdaced  him  as  an  apothecary,  and  the 
yoang  man  soon  effe<»ted  a  peiiect  cure 
with  **  pills  matrimoniac."— Moli^re,  Le 
Maigr^  Lui  (1666). 


Qer'rard,  king  of  the  beggars,  dis- 
nised  ander  the  name  of  Clause.  He  is 
OK  Cither  of  Florez  the  rich  merchant  of 
Bruges. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The 
Aggar^  Bush  (1622). 

Qertrude  (2  8yL)t  Hamlet's  mother. 
On  the  death  of  her  husband,  who  was 
king  of  Denmark,  she  marriea  Claudius, 
the  lata  king's  brother.  Gertrude  was 
aeeeasory  to  the  murder  of  her  first 
httshsad^  uid  Claudius  was  principaL 
Qaodins  prepared  poisoned  wine,  which 
ht  intended  n>r  Hamlet ;  but  the  queen, 
not  knowing  it  was  poisoned^  drank  it 
sad  died.  Hamlet,  seeing  his  motiber 
fan  dead,  rushed  on  the  king  and  killed 
hun.— Shakespeare.  HamUt  (1696). 

\*  In  the  Bistorie  cf  HambUti,  Get- 
trade  is  caUed  «' Geruth.** 

Oertmde,  daughter  of  Albert  patriarch 
of  Wjr'oming.  One  da^,  an  Indian 
broaght  to  Albert  a  lad  (nine  years  old) 
Darned  Henry  Waldegrave  (2  9y/.),  and 
told  the  namarch  he  had  promised  the 
boy*s  mother,  at  her  death,  to  place  her 
son  under  his  care.  The  lad  remained  at 
Wyoming  for  three  y^">  <^^  ^^  ^^'^ 
sent  to  his  friends.  When  grown  to  man- 
hood, Henry  Wald^^ve  returned  to 
Wyoming,  and  married  Gertrude;  but 
three  months  afterwards,  Brandt^  at  the 
head  of  a  mixed  army  of  British  and 
Indians,  attacked  the  settlement,  and  both 
Albert  and  Gertrude  were  shot.  Henry 
Waldegrave  then  joined  the  army  of 
Washington,    which    was   fighting    for 


American  independence. — Campbell,  £ktm 
irude  of  Wyoming  (1809). 

*^*  Campbell  accents  Wyoming  on  (ha 
first  syllable,  but  it  is  more  usual  to  throw 
the  accent  on  tibe  second. 

Qerun'dio  (Fray)^  ue.  Friar  Gerund, 
the  hero  and  title  of  a  Spanish  romance, 
by  the  Jesuit  De  Tlsla.  It  is  a  satire  on 
the  absurdities  and  bad  taste  of  the 
popular  preachers  of  tiie  time  (1768). 

Ge'ryon's  Sons,  the  Spaniards ;  so 
called  Rom  (xeryon,  an  ancient  king  of 
Spain,  whose  oxen  were  driven  off  by 
Her'culds.  This  task  was  one  of  the 
hero's  **  twelve  labours."  Milton  uses 
the  expression  in  Pcaradise  Lost,  xi.  410 
(1666). 

Qerjon'eo,  a  human  mouster  with 
three  bodies.  He  was  of  the  race  of 
giants,  being  the  son  of  Geryon,  the 
tyrant  who  gave  all  strangers  "as  food  to 
ms  kine,  the  fairest  and  tibe  fiercest  kine 
alive.**  Geryoneo  promised  to  take  the 
young  widow  BslgS  (2  syL)  under  his 
protection ;  but  it  was  like  the  wolf  pro- 
tecting the  Iamb,  for  "he  gave  her 
diildren  to  a  dreadful  monster  to  devour.** 
In  her  despair,  she  applied  to  king  Arthur 
for  help,  and  the  British  king,  espousing 
iier  cause,  soon  sent  Geryoneo  "  down  to 
tibe  house  of  dole."— -Spenserj  JPaery 
Queen,  v.  10,  11  (1696). 

*^*  "  Geiyoneo  "  is  the  house  of  Aus- 
tria, and  Philip  of  Spain  in  particular. 
"  Kin^  Arthur"  is  England,  and  the  earl 
of  Leicester  in  particuUr.  The  "  Widow 
Belgd**  is  the  Netherlands;  and  the  mon- 
ster that  devoured  her  children  the  in- 
quisition, introduced  by  the  duke  of  Alva. 
"  Geryoneo**  had  three  bodies,  for  Philip 
ruled  over  three  kingdoms— Spain,  Ger- 
many, and  the  Netherlands.  The  earl 
of  Lieicester,  sent  in  1686  to  the  aid  of 
the  Netherlands,  broke  off  the  yoke  of 
Philip. 

Ges'mao,  tiie  impenitent  thief  cruci- 
fied with  our  Lord.  In  the  apocryphal 
Gospel  of  Nicodemus,  he  is  called  Gettas. 
The  penitent  thief  was  Dismas,  Dysmas, 
Demas,  or  Dumacus. 


Throbodkioottireewro— ■hangwrniiKt 
Dtanai  and  OMmM  and  Uia  Power  DmiM. 
DUmM  Molu  bMrmi.  G««inM  bis  own  dampatkNi, 
The  Mld^MM  Meks  our  rmnaom  and  Mhrmtion. 

Tr«miiatt«H  qf  a  Latin  Okttrm. 

Qessler  (Albrecht),  the  brutal  and 
tyrannical  governor  of  Switzerland,  ap- 
pointed by  Austria  over  the  three  forest 
cantons.    When  the  people  rose  in  re- 


6ETA. 


876    GIANTS  OF  MTTHOLOGT,  BtCL 


bellion,  GcmIci  iniolted  fhem  hj  hoicdang 
his  cap  on  a  pole,  and  threatening  deat£ 
to  anj  one  who  refosed  to  bow  down  to  it 
in  rererence.  William  Tell  refased  to  do 
BO,  and  was  compelled  to  i^oot  at  an 
apple  placed  on  the  hea<f  of  his  own  son. 
Having  dropped  an  arrow  by  accident, 
Gessler  demanded  why  he  bar)  brought  a 
second.  **To  shoot  7on,**  said  the  in- 
trepid mountaineer,  "if  I  fid]  in  my 
task.**  Gessler  then  ordered  him  to  m 
cast  into  Kusnacht  Castle,  '*a  prev  to  the 
reptiles  tiiat  lodged  there.**  Gessler  went 
in  tiie  boat  to  see  the  order  executed,  and 
as  the  boat  neared  land,  Tell  leapt  on 
shore,  pushed  back  the  boat,  shot  Gessler, 
and  freed  his  country  from  Austrian 
domination.  —  Rossini,  Ovglieimo  Tell 
(1829). 

Geta,  according  to  sir  Walter  Soott, 
the  representative  of  a  stock  slave  and 
rogue  m  the  new  comedy  of  Greece  and 
Rome  (?  Oetis), 

The  prlndpal  dMrader,  opOB  whom  iitnem  and  ln« 
SMidty  th*  wbolt  plot  tumlljr  tmma,  k  th*  «««•  of  th* 
plec*— «  wtttjr,  rofiddi.  inriniatlng,  and  mallcnaat  dsv*. 
tbe  oonfldant  of  a  vQd  and  estrava^ut  ton.  whom  ba 
aids  In  hit  plotti  •odaaroon  to  ohaat  a  lutiiidoiw.  i 
and  frtpliv  latlMr.— Sir  Waltar  Soet^  Xk« . 


Ghengis  IThi^tij  a  title  assumed  by 
Tamerlane  or  Timour  the  Tartar  (1836- 
1405). 

Qhilan,  a  district  of  Persia,  notoriously 
unhealthy,  and  rife  with  lever,  ague, 
cholera,  and  plague.  Hence  the  Persian 
proverb : 

*<  Lst  him  who  k  tliad  of  Uk  inttra  to  ObOan.* 

Giaffir  [J>jaf,ff],  pacha  of  Aby'dos, 
and  father  of  Zulcika  [^u./ev'.AaA].  He 
tells  his  daughter  he  intends  her  to  marry 
the  governor  of  Magne'sia,  but  Zuleika 
has  given  her  plight  to  her  cousin  Selim. 
The  lovers  take  to  flight ;  Giaffir  pursues 
Mid  shoots  Selim  ;  Zuleika  dies  of  grief; 
and  the  father  lives  on,  a  broken-hearted 
old  man,  calling  to  the  winds,  **  Where 
is  my  daughter  ? "  and  echo  answers, 
"Where? "—Byron,  Bride  of  Abydos 
(1813). 

Giam'sohid  lJajm.8hid],  suleyman 
of  the  Peris.  Having  reigned  seven  hun- 
dred years,  he  thought  himself  immortal ; 
but  God,  in  punishment,  gave  him  a 
human  form,  and  sent  him  to  live  on 
earth,  where  he  became  a  great  conqueror, 
and  ruled  over  both  the  East  and  West. 
The  bulwark  of  the  Peris*  abode  was  com- 
posed of  green  chr>'solite,  the  reflection 


"  ~ — »  — 

of  which  gives  to  the  sky  its  deq> 
green  hue. 

8ool  beamed  forth  hi  owy  ^mik 
That  darted  from  benaaUi  the  Ud. 
Bright  ai  the  Jewel  or  OlamHfald. 

BjTOtt,  Tk0  Olatmr  (ISU^ 
She  only  wkhcd  the  amorow  moaaidi  had  riKMrn 
ardour  for  the  caiboade  of  damMhid.— W.  Beckfotd. 
rmtM«kH79n. 

Giants  of  MTtholog^y  and 
7able.  Stiabo  makes  mentton  of  tlie 
skeleton  of  a  giant  60  cubits  in  height. 
Plin^  tells  us  of  another  46  cubits.  Boo- 
eaccio  describes  the  body  of  a  giant  from 
bones  discovered  in  a  cave  near  Trapani, 
in  Sicily,  200  cubits  in  length.  One 
tooth  of  this  "giant"  wogfaed  200 
ounces ;  but  Kircher  says  the  tooth  and 
bones  were  those  of  a  mastodon. 

A&AMAB,  one  of  the  Qydops. — Gr^ek 
Fable, 

Adamastor,  the  giant  Spirit  of  the 
Cape.  His  lips  were  black,  teeth  blue, 
eves  shot  with  livid  fire,  and  voice  louder 
than  thunder. — Camodns,  Luiiady  v. 

JEoMOVf  the  hundred-handed  giant. 
One  of  the  Titans.~&rwA  Fable, 

Ao'bios.  one  of  the  giants  called 
Titans.  He  was  killed  by  the  Pares. — 
Oreek  Fable. 

Alotonkus  \AP,$l.d,nuoe]  or  Al'oioit. 
brother  of  Porphyrlon.  He  stole  some  of 
the  Snn*s  oxen,  and  Jupiter  sent  Her- 
cules against  him,  but  he  was  unable  to 
prevail,  for  immediately  the  giant  touched 
the  earth  he  received  fresh  vigour. 
Pallas,  seizing  him,  carried  him  beyond 
the  moon,  and  he  died.  His  seven 
daughters  were  turned  into  halcyons  or 
kingfishers. — Apollonios  of  Rhodes,  Ar^ 
gonauiic  Expedttum,  L  6. 

Al'oebab'.  The  giant  Orion  is  ■• 
called  by  the  Arabs. 

Alipanfaron  or  ALipniairoH,  em- 
peror  of  Trapoban. — Z>ofi  Q*  Ixote, 

Aloe'os  (4  fv/.),  son  oi  Titan  and 
Terra.— trfwA  Fable, 

Aloi'dks  (4  syt,).  sons  of  Ale^us  (4 
syl.),  named  Otos  and  Ephialt^  (7*f  •)• 

Am'brant,  a  cruel  giant,  slain  by  Gny 
of  Warwick. — Percy,  JZtf/wtidi. 

Akooulafprk,  the  Siaracen  giant. 
He  was  12  cubits  hi^,  his  Hct  measured 
8  feet  in  breadth,  his  nose  was  9  inches 
long,  his  arms  and  legs  6  feet.  He  bad 
the  strength  of  thirty  men,  and  his  mac« 
was  the  solid  trunk  of  an  oak  tree,  800 
years  old.  The  tower  of  Pisa  lost  its 
perpendicularity  by  the  weight  of  this 
giant  leaning  against  it  to  rest  himself. 
He  was  slain  in  single  combat  by  Roland, 
at  Fronsac — L'Epine,  Oroquemicttme, 


fflANTS  OF  IfTTHOLOQT,  VTC     877    GIANTS  OP  MTTHOLOGT,  WIC 


GO  cubits  (85  fe«t)  in  height. 
—Plutarch. 

Abgks  (2  $ifL),  one  of  tiie  Cydope. — 
Grttm  fools, 

AscAPART,  a  giant  80  feet  high,  and 
vilh  12  inches  between  his  eyes.  Shun 
W  sir  Beris  of  Soothampton. — British 

Atuls,  the  giant  of  the  Atlss  Moon- 
tains,  who  carnes  the  world  on  bis  back. 
A  book  of  maps  is  called  an  ** atlas" 
from  this  giant. — Oreek  Fable, 

Balajt,  **  brarest  and  strongest  of  the 
gnat  race.** — Amidis  of  Oaut, 

Bbllk,  funoos  for  his  three  leans, 
whkfa  gare  names  to  the  places  called 
WsnKpL     BnntaU,     and     BellegiaTe. — 

Bbu^rvSj  the  giant  from  whom 
Comwall  denred  its  name  "  Bellerinm.** 
--BrititA  Fable. 

BunrDKRBORB  (8  ty/.),  the  giant  who 
wss  drowned  becaose  Jack  scuttled  his 
hoKL—Jackihe  OimU-iUler, 

BaiARs'oa  (4  syl,)^  a  giant  with  a 
hsBdred  hands.  One  of  the  Titans. — 
Greek  Fdble, 

BnoBDiifONAO,  a  country  of  giants,  to 
whom  an  ordinary-sized  man  was  **not 
kalf  so  liig  as  the  round  little  worm 
pfieked  from  the  lazy  finecrs  of  a  maid." 
-^wift,  GvUiver's  TnxveTs, 

BnoicTES  (2  8tfL)t  one  of  the  Cydops. 
--GreekFMe, 

BcKLOXG,  a  giant  mentioned  in  the 
fonance  of  Sir  Trycanour, 

CacvSj  cEf  mount  Aventine,  who  dragged 
fte  oxen  of  Hercules  into  his  cave  tail 
IwemosL — Oreek  Fdble, 

Calig'orant,  the  Egyptian  ^iant,  who 
estopped  traveUeiB  wnh  an  invisible  net. 
— AncMito. 

Caracuijawbo,  the  giant  that  don 
Qidzote  intended  should  kneel  at  the  foot 
«f  Dulcin'ea. — Cervantes,  Don  Quixote, 

Ckus  or  Okub,  son  of  Heaven  and 
Earth.  He  married  Phcebd,  and  was  the 
fither  of  LatOna.— &ree^  Fable, 

Cbalbboth,  the  stem  of  all  the  giant 
nee. — Rabelais,  Pantagruel, 

Christophebus  or  St.  Christopher, 
tbe  giant  who  carried  Christ  across  a 
ford,  and  was  well-nigh  borne  down  with 
the  "child's**  ever-increasing  weight. — 
Ckrittiam  Legend. 

Clttios,  one  of  the  giants  who  made 
war  upon  the  floods.  Vulcan  killed  him 
with  a  red-hot  iron  mace. — Oreek  Fable, 

CoLBRAVD,  the  Danish  giant  slain  by 
Gsy  of  Warwick,— -5n«»A  Fable. 

CoRFLAMBO,  R  giant  who  WAS  always 


attended  by  a  dwarf. — Spenser,  Faiiry 
Qfteen^  vr,  8. 

Cormorah',  the  Cornish  giant  who  fell 
into  a  pit  twoity  feet  deep,  dug  by  Jack 
and  filmed  over  with  a  thin  Uyer  of  grass 
and  graveL — Jack  the  OiatU-Mler. 

Cormorant,  a  giant  discomfited  by 
sir  Brian. — Spenser,  Fairy  Queen,  vL  4. 

CotJLiN,  th6  British  giant  pursued  by 
Debon,  and  killed  by  falling  mto  a  deep 
chasm.— ^ntfuA  FaNe, 

Ctclops,  giants  with  only  one  eye, 
and  that  in  the  middle  of  the  forehead. 
They  lived  in  Sicily,  and  were  black- 
smiuis. — Greek  Fable, 

Despair,  of  Doubting  Castle,  who 
found  Christian  and  Hopeful  asleep  on 
his  grounds,  and  tiirust  them  into  a 
dungeon.  He  evilly  entreated  them,  but 
they  made  their  escape  by  the  key  "  Pro- 
mise."— Bunyan,  PifgrmCs  FrogresMy  i. 

DoiTDASCH,  a  giant  contemporary  with 
Seth.  "There  were  giants  in  the  earth 
in  those  days." — Oriental  Fable. 

Encbl'ados.  "most  powerful  of  tha 
giant  race."  Overwhelmed  under  mount 
Etna.— ^fwA  Fable, 

Ephialtes  (4  «y/.),  a  giant  who  grew 
nine  inches  every  month. — Greek  Fable, 

Erix,  son  of  Goliah  [mc]  and  grandson 
of  Atlas.  He  invented  legerdemain. — 
Duchat,  (Ewres  de  Rabelai${n  11), 

Eu'rttos,  one  of  the  giants  that  mada 
war  with  the  gods.  Bao^us  killed  him 
with  his  thyrsus. — Oreek  Fable, 

Fbbracute,  a  giant  86  feet  in  hei^t, 
with  the  strength  of  forty  men. — Titrpin*9 
Chronicle. 

Ferragus,  a  Portuguese  giant. —  Vd' 
lentine  and  Orson. 

Fi£rabra8,  of  Alexandria,  "th« 
greatest  giant  that  ever  walked  tha 
earth." — MedicBval  Bomance. 

FiON,  son  of  Comnal,  an  enormous 
giMit,  who  could  place  his  feet  on  two 
mountains,  and  tnen  stoop  and  drink 
from  a  stream  in  the  vallc^  between. — 
Gaelic  Legend, 

FiORGWTN,  the  gigantic  father  of 
Fri^ga. — Scandmavian  Mythology, 

Fracasscs,  father  of  Fenigus,  and 
son  of  Morgantd. 

Priiaot  wtmildbin  Pnirii— i  proto  gliinll^ 
Oajm  tttrn  oliai  Morganto  venit  ab  Uio, 
ttu  bMxUoooiwm  campMM*  ttm  aolcbot, 
Oum  quo  diUI*  bomlnum  oolpo*  bvcMMt  io  ona 
IfarllB  Cottkii  (!«.  Thtophlle  Folensol  ttitMn 
if«««rofUfiM  (1608). 

Gabbara,  father  of  Golish  [sic]  of 
Secondille,  and  inventor  of  Uie  custom 
of  drinking  healths. — Duchat,  (Evxret  4$ 
Rabelais  (1711). 


GIANTS  OF  MYTHOLOGY,  ETC.     878    GIANTS  OF  MYTHOLOGY,  ETa 


Galapas,  the  cuint  slain  by  king 
Arthur.— Sir  T.  Malory,  History  of  Prhvce 
Arthur, 

Gallioantus,  the  giant  who  lived 
with  Hocus-pocus  the  conjuror. — Jack 
the  Giant-killer, 

Ga&aoantua,  same  as  Gargantua 
(g.r.). 

Garoantua.  a  giant  so  large  that  it 
required  900  ells  of  linen  for  the  body  of 
his  shirt,  and  200  more  for  the  gussets ; 
406  ells  of  relvet  for  his  shoes,  and  1100 
cow-hides  for  their  soles.  His  toothpick 
was  an  elephant's  tusk,  and  17,918  cows 
were  required  to  give  him  milk.  This 
was  the  ^ant  who  swallowed  fire  pil- 
grims, with  tiieir  staves,  in  a  salad. — 
Kabelais,  Oargantua. 

Gbmmaooo,  son  of  the  giant  OromS- 
don,  and  inventor  of  Poulan  shoes,  i.e, 
shoes  with  a  spur  behind,  and  tumed-up 
toes  fastened  to  the  knees.  These  shoes 
were  forbidden  by  Charles  Y.  of  France, 
in  1365,  but  the  fashion  revived  again. — 
Duchat,  (Euvres  de  Rabelais  (1711). 

Gkryon'bo,  a  giant  with  three  bodies 
\ Philip  IL  of  apain], — Spenser,  Faery 
Xlueen^  v.  11. 

GiBALDA,  the  giantess.  A  statue  of 
victory  on  the  top  of  an  old  Moorish  tower 
in  Seville. 

GoDMER,  son  of  Albion,  a  British 
giant  shun  by  Canu'tus  one  of  the  com- 
|Minions  of  Brute. — Spenser,  Fairy  Queen, 
iL  10. 

GottM'AOOT,  the  Cornish  giant  who 
wrestled  with  Cori'neos  (3  «y/.),  and  was 
hurled  over  a  rock  into  the  sea.  The 
place  where  he  fell  was  called  "  Lam 
GoCmagot."— Geoffrey,  British  His- 
tory, 

GooMAOOG,  king  of  the  giant  race  of 
Albion  when  Brute  colonized  the  bland. 
He  was  slain  by  Cori'neus.  The  two 
statues  of  Guildhall  represent  Gogmagog 
and  Corineus.  The  giant  carries  a  pole- 
axe  and  spiked  balls.  This  is  tiie  same 
as  GoCmagot. 

Granoousia,  the  giant  king  of  Utopia. 
— ^Rabelais,  Pantagntel, 

Grantorto,  the  giant  who  withheld 
the  inheritance  of  Ire'na. — Spenser,  FaHry 
Queen^  v. 

Grim,  the  giant  slain  by  Greatheart, 
because  he  tri^  to  stop  pilgrims  on  their 
way  to  the  Celestial  City. — Bnnyan,  Pit- 
grhn's  Progress^  ii. 

Gbuh'bo,  the  giant  up  whose  sleeve 
Tom  Thumb  crept.  The  giant,  thinking 
some  insect  had  crawled  up  his  sleeve, 
gave  it  a  shake,  and  Tom  fell  into  the 


sea,  when  a  fish  swallowed  him. — Tom 
Thumb, 

Gtobs,  who  had  fifty  heads  a&d  a 
hundred  hands.  He  was  one  of  tiie 
Titans.— Gr«?/fe  Fable, 

Hapmouchb,  the  ^^iant  **  fly-catcher." 
He  invented  the  drying  and  smoking  of 
neats'  tongues. — Dudiat,  (Ewores  de 
Jiabelais  (1711), 

Hippol'ttos,  one  of  the  giants  idso 
made  war  witih  the  gods.  He  was  killed 
by  Hermgs. — Greek  FabU, 
'Hbasvklo,  the  giant  who  keeps  watch 
over  the  Tree  of  Life,  and  devoors  the 
dead. — Seandimwian  Mythology, 

HuRTALi,  a  giant  in  tihe  Ume  of  the 
Flood.  He  was  too  large  of  stature  to 
get  into  the  ark,  and  therefore  rode 
straddle-legs  on  the  roof.  He  perpeta- 
ated  the  giant  race.  Atlas  was  hie 
grandson. 

^  INDRACITTRAK,    ft  famous   giant   of 
Indian  mythology. 

JoTUN,  the  giant  of  Jdtunheim  or  Giant- 
land,  in  Scandinavian  story. 

JuLiAsrcB,  a  giant  of  Ajtimriaa 
romance. 

KiFRi,  tiie  giant  of  atheism  and  in- 
fidclity. 

KoTTOS,  a  giant  with  a  hundred  hands. 
One  of  the  Titans.— OrM/fc  Fable. 

Malambru'mo,  the  giant  who  shut  up 
Antonoma'sia  and  her  husband  in  the 
tomb  of  the  deceased  queen  of  Candaya. 
—Cervantes,  Don  Quia^,  II.  iii.  45. 

Marouttb  (3  syl,),  a  giant  10  feet  hi^^  i 
who  died  of  laughter  when  he  saw  m 
monkey  pulling  on   his   boots. — ^Pulci, 
Mofvante  Maagwre, 

MiUGYS,  the  giant  warder  witii  whom 
sir  Lybius  does  battle. — Libeaux, 

Maul,  the  giant  of  sophistry,  killed  by 
Greatheart,  who  pierced  him  under  the 
fifth  rib. — Bunyan,  Pilgrim's  Progress,  iL 

MoNT-RoGiroN,  one  of  Charlemagne*8 
paladins. 

MoROAirrft  (8  syl.),  a  ferocious  gianty 
who  died  by  the  bite  of  a  crab. — ^Pulci, 
MorqanU  maggiore, 

l^uoiLLo,  a  giant  famous  for  his  mace 
with  six  balls. 

Oppbrus,  the  pagan  name  of  St. 
Christopher,  whose  body  was  12  ells  in 
heu^hL — C^iristian  Legend, 

OoiAS,  an  antediluvian  giant,  men* 
tioned  in  the  apocrypha  condemned  bj 
pope  Gelasins  I.  (492^96^. 

Orgoouo,  a  ^ant  thnce  the  height  of 
an  ordinary  man.  He  takes  captive  the 
Red  Cross  Knight,  but  is  slain  by  king 
Arthur. — Spenser,  Fairy  Queen,  i. 


(HANTS  OF  MTTHOLOGT,  ETTC.    879 


GIANTS  IN  REAL  UFB. 


Osi'oKt  a  gitnt  hunter,  noted  for  his 
taMrtj.  He  WS0  slain  by  DUna,  and 
Bade  a  conitelUtion. — Gfwk  Fable, 

Otos,  a  giant,  brother  of  Efdiialt^. 
They  both  gieir  nine  indies  every  month. 
Aceording  to  Plinv,  he  was  46  cabits  (66 
iMt)  in  heigfaL— (^rea  Fable. 
Pallas,  one  of  the  giants  called  Titans, 
flayed  him,  and  used  his  skin  for 
hence  she  was  called  PtUlas 
FiAU. 
Pastag'ritki.,  son  of  Gargantna,  and 
kst  of  the  rare  of  giants. 

POLTBO^nr*  (4  ^/.),  one  of  the  giants 
who  f  oi^g^  against  the  ^ods.  The  sea- 
god  porsaed  him  to  the  island  of  Cos, 
sad,  tearing  away  apart  of  the  island, 
threw  it  on  nim  and  borisd  him  beneath 
^wmm.—OrtekFabU, 

PoLTFmc'Moa,  king  of  the  Cyclops. 
His  skdeton  was  found  at  Trapa'ni,  in 
Smbr,  in  the  fborteentfa  contary,  by 
wkidi  it  is  calculated  that  his  height  was 
SW  Utt.-'Greek  Fable. 

Pobthtr'ion,  one  of  the  giants  who 
■ade  war  with  tiie  ^ods.  He  hurled  the 
kbnd  of  Delos  agamst  Zeua ;  but  Zens, 
with  the  aid  of  I&cul^  oreicame  him. 
—dreekFiMe. 

PntAc'MoXy  one  ef  the  Cydops. — 
QreekFiAU, 

Rtmo,    the   giant  who    commanded 
kias  Artfaor  to  soid  his  beard  to  complete 
the  liaiag  eA  a  robe. — ArthMria»  Romance, 
Sl&t-oood,  a  giaat  sUin  by  Great- 
hart. — ^Bunyan,  Filarim*8  Progress^  iL 

Stbb'opbs  (9  jyi.),  one  of  the  Cyclops. 
'   Qreeh  Fmle» 

Taktabo,    the    Cyclops    of    Basque 
knadary  lore. 
TkrrdaocB'us,  a  king,  whoee  remains 
"  icoreied  in  I6II,  near  the  river 
His  tomb  was  80  feet  long. — 
Hi$toire    Veritable  du   O^ant 
(1618). 
Thaos,  one  of  the  giants  who  made 
war  with  the  gods.  He  was  killed  by  the 
FsrcR. — Hesiod,  Theogony, 
TiTAJis,  a  race  of  giants. — Cheek  Fable. 
Tir'Toa,  a  giant  whose  body  covered 
aiae  acres  of   land.    He  tried  to  defile 
'^^^^^^  bot  Apollo  cast  him  into  Tar- 
tuos,  where  a  vulture  fed  on  his  liver, 
vhicit  grew  again  as  fast  as  it  was  de- 
Tfmnd.'-Oreek  Fatble. 
Ttphocus,    a  giant  with  a  hundred 
feaifnl  tJ^  *nd  most   terrible 
He  was  the  rather  of  the  Harpies. 
[  Jupter]  killed  him  with  a  thunder- 
bolt, and  he  lies  buried   nnder  mount 
Theogimy, 


Ttphon,  son  of  Typhoens,  a  giant  whli 
a  hundred  heads.  He  was  so  tall  that  he 
touched  heaven  with  his  head.  His  off- 
spring were  Gorgon,  Geryon,  Cerberos, 
and  the  hydra  of  Lcrne.  He  lies  buried 
under  mount  Etna. — Homer,  Hymns, 

Widbnostrils,  a  huge  giant,  who  lived 
on  windmills,  and  died  from  eating  a 
lump  of  fresh  butter. — Rabelais,  Paniag' 
ruelf  iv.  17. 

ToHAK,  the  giant  guardian  of  the  caves 
of  Babylon. — Southey,  TalabOj  v. 

*^*  Those  who  wish  to  pursue  this 
snbject  further,  should  consult  the  notes 
of  Duchat,  bk.  iL  1  of  his  (Euores  de 
Rabdmis, 

Qiants  in  Beal  Lifb. 

Anak,  Either  of  the  Anakim.  Hie 
Hebrew  spies  said  they  themselves  were 
mere  grasshoppers  in  comparison  to  these 
pants. — Jo$h,  XV.  14 ;  Judges  L  20  ; 
Nwnb,  xiii.  88. 

Anak,  7  feet  8  inches  at  the  age  of  26. 
Exhibited  in  London,  1862-6.  Bom  at 
Bamonchamp,  in  the  Vosges  (1  eyL)^ 
1840.    His  real  name  was  Joseph  Brice. 

Akdbon'icus  II.,  10  feet.  Grandson 
of  Alexius  ComnCnus.  Nicetas  asserts 
that  he  had  seen  him. 

Bamfoud  {Edward),  7  feet  4  inches. 
Died  in  1768,  and  was  buried  in  St.  Dnn- 
■tan*s  Churchyard. 

Bates  (Captain),  7  feet  11  inches;  of 
Kentucky.    Exhibited  in  London,  1871. 

Blackbb  (Jfenry),  7  feet  4  inches,  and 
most  symmetrical.  Bom  at  Cnckfield, 
Sussex,  in  1724.  Generally  called  **The 
British  Giant.** 

Bradlbt,  7  feet  8  inches  at  de^th. 
Bom  at  Market  Weighton,  in  Yorksnire. 
His  right  hand  is  preserved  in  the  museum 
ot  the  Coll^  of  Surgeons  (1798-'}820). 

Bricb  (JosffpA).  7  feet  8  inches.  His 
hand  could  span  154  inches.  (See  *^  Anak.**) 

Busby  (John),  7  feet  9  indies ;  of  Dar- 
fleld.  His  brother  was  about  the  same 
height 

Chaxo-Woo-Goo,  7  feet  6  inches ;  of 
Fychott.  The  Chinese  giant.  Exhibited 
in  London,  1865-6. 

Chablbmaoicb,  8  feet  nearly.  He 
could  squeeze  togetiier  three  horse-shoes 
at  once  with  his  hands. 

CoTTBR  (Pairiok),  8  feet  7|  inches. 
The  Irish  giant.  A  cast  of  his  hand  is 
preserved  in  the  museum  of  the  College  of 
Burgeons  (died  1802). 

Elea'xbr,  7  cubits  (?  10  feet  6  mches). 
The  Jewish  giant  mentioned  b^  Josephns« 
He  lived  in  the  zeign  of  YitelUas. 


QIAO'S  IN  REAL  UFB. 


880 


GIANTS  LEAP. 


Elbizboub  (Joachim)  1 7  feet  10  inches. 
Hie  Spuuflh  gutot.  Exhibited  in  London. 

Evans  (Wiiliam),  8  feet  at  death. 
Porter  to  Oiarles  I.  (died  1632). 

Frank  (Bia)^  7  feet  8  inches  {  wei^t, 
22  stone;  girth  round  the  chest,  58  inches. 
He  was  an  Irishman,  whose  name  was 
Francis  Sheridan  (died  1870). 

Frbnz  (Louit),  7  feet  4  inches.  The 
French  giant. 

Gabara^  9  feet  9  inches.  An  Arabian 
giant.  Plmv  says  he  was  the  tallest  man 
seen  in  the  days  of  Claudius. 

GiLLT,  8  feet.  A  Swede ;  exhibited  as 
a  show  in  the  early  part  of  the  nine- 
teenth century. 

Goli'ath,  6  cubits  and  a  span  (?  9  feet 
4  inches). — 1  Sam,  xyiL  4,  etc  His 
"brother**  was  also  a  giant. — ^2  Soun, 
xxi.  19 ;  1  ChroH,  xx.  5. 

Gordon  (Alice).  7  feet.  An  Essex 
giantess  (died  1787). 

H alb  {£ob«rt)f  7  feet  6  inches;  bom  at 
Somerton.  Generally  called  **Tlie  Nor- 
folk Giant**  (1820-18(S2). 

Har'drada  (Haroid),  <<  5  ells  of  Nor- 
way in  height^  (nearly  8  feet).  The 
Norway  giant. 

La  Pierre,  7  feet  1  inch ;  of  Stiat- 
gard,  in  Denmark. 

Louis,  7  feet  4  inches.  The  French 
giant.  His  left  hand  is  preserved  in  the 
museum  of  the  College  of  Surgeons. 

LousHKiN,  8  feet  6  indies.  The 
Russian  giant,  and  drum-major  of  the 
Imperial  Guards. 

McDonald  (Jamts)^  7  feet  6  inches;  of 
Cork  (died  1760). 

McDonald  (Jsamue!)t  6  feet  10  inches. 
A  Scotchman ;  usually  called  "  Big  Sam** 
(died  1802). 

Mao  RATH  (Comriius),  7  feet  8  inches. 
He  was  an  orphan,  reared  by  bishop 
Berkley,  and  died  at  the  age  of  20  (1740- 
1760). 

Maximi'nub,  8  feet  6  inches.  The 
Roman  emperor  (235-238). 

Mellon  (Edinund).  7  feet  6  inches. 
Bomat  Port  Leicester,  Ireland  (1666-1684). 

MiDDLBTON  (John),  9  feet  3  inches. 
"His  hand  was  17  inches  long,  and  8| 
inches  broad.**  He  was  bom  at  Hale,  in 
Lancashire,  in  the  reign  of  James  I. — 
Dr.  Plott,  History  of  Staffordshire, 

Miller  (MaximUian  Christopher),  8 
feet.  His  hand  measured  12  inches,  and 
his  fore-finger  was  9  inches  long.  The 
Saxon  giant.  Died  in  London  (1674-1784). 

MuRFHT,  8  feet  10  inches.  An  Irish 
giant,  contemporary  with  O'Brien.  Died 
at  Marseilles. 


O'Brien  or  Charles  Byrne,  8  feet  4 
inches.  The  Irish  giant.  His  skeleton 
is  preserved  in  the  museum  of  the  CoUag« 
of  Surgeons  (1761-1788). 

Oo,  king  of  Bashan.    *<  His  bed  was 

9  cubits  by  4  cubiU**  (?  13^  feet  by  6 
feet). — Deut,  iiL  11. 

*«*  The  Great  Bed  of  Ware  is  12  f^^ 
by  12  feet. 

Oskn  (Heinrioh),  7  feet  6  .mchaa ; 
w^ght,  800  lbs.  or  87i  stone.  Bom  in 
Norway. 

PoRUB,  an  Indian  king  who  foushi 
against  Alexander  near  tibe  river  Hv- 
daspte  (B.a  327).  He  was  a  giant  *^6 
cubits  in  height**  [7|  «e^,  with  stransrtih 
in  proportion. — Quintos  Oortius,  Derebm 
gestis  Alexandri  Ma^nL 

RiECHART  (J,  Bl),  8  feet  8  incbes,  of 
Friedberg.  His  father  and  mother  were 
both  giants. 

Salmbron  (JVorim),  7  feet  4  inchee. 
A  Mexican. 

Sam  (Big),  6  feet  10  indies.  (See 
"  McDonald.'*) 

Sheridan  (Fhmds),  7  feet  8  inohes* 
(See  <*  Frank.*0 

Swan  (Mite  Anne  Hanen),  7  feet  11 
inches :  of  Nova  Sootia. 

%*  In  1682,  a  siant  7  feet  7  mdiee 
was  exhibited  in  Dublin.  A  Swede  8 
feet  6  inches  was  in  the  body-guard  of  a 
king  of  Prussia.  A  humaa  skeletoo 
8  f Mt  6  inches  is  preserved  in  the  maaeam 
of  Trinity  College,  Dublin. 

Becanus  sajrs  ne  had  seen  a  man  nearly 

10  feet  high,  and  a  woman  fully  10  feet. 
Gasper  Bauhin  speaks  of  a  Swiss  8  feet 
in  height.  Del  Rio  saya  he  saw  a  Pied- 
raontese  in  1572  more  than  9  feet  in 
stature,  a  S.  F.  Warren,  MJL.,  aavs 
(in  Notes  and  Queries,  August  14,  1876) 
that  his  father  knew  a  lady  9  feet  high ; 
**her  head  touched  the  ceiling  of  a  good- 
sixed  room.**  Yanderbrook  sa^  he  saw 
a  black  man,  at  Congo,  9  feet  high. 

Giant  of  Idteratiire,  Dr.  Samnd 
Johnson  (1709-1783). 

Gianfs  Caiue-WBy,  a  basaltic  mole 
in  Ireland,  said  to  be  the  commencement 
of  a  causeway  from  Ireland  to  Scotland. 

Qiant's  Qrave  (77^),  a  height  on 
the  Adriatic  shore  of  the  Bosphorus,  mndi 
frequented  by  holiday  parties. 

*Ib  ft  gmiid  debt  fkoM  off  •*  llM  Qhuari  Oraiva* 
To  wafteh  th«jprop«i  of  Umw  raOlag  mm 

tha  BMphorai,  M  tbqr  larii  and  ki* 


v.SOMi 

Qiaat'8  Iieap  (Lanh  Qoimagot)  or 


GIAOUB. 


881        6IG6LESWICK  FOUNTAIN. 


**Ge8a»i^[0t'8  LcAp."  Now  cmUed  Hftw, 
■Mr  Plymoath.  The  Impend  is  that 
Oori'ncxu  (3  syi.)  wrestled  with  6o8m»- 
fot  king  of  the  Albion  giants,  heaved  the 
monster  on  his  shoolder,  carried  him  to 
the  top  of  a  hidli  rock,  and  cast  him  into 
thei 

At 


rfUiffkiL 


and  tk« 

n«at  to  ftoat.  held  «wh  oUmt  ttroBdr  fai 

•load  far  toaB^jbutOoaM^ 

taM  M  dw  rtsht  dd«  aad  one  o«  fcli  kfC 

Ui  whoto  ttfmstht 
to 


I  to  Ml  k  oJM  Urn 

UlSOMil. 


tothb 


Giaour  Wow'.er].  Byron's  tale 
edled  The  ihaomr  is  supposed  to  be 
told  hf  a  Turkish  fisherman  who  had 
ben  employed  all  the  day  in  the  gulf  of 
JEfi'na^axid  landed  his  l>oat  at  nimit-fall 
OB  the  Pirv'aB^ow  called  the  harbonr  of 
Pbft  Leonfi.  Ue  was  eye-witness  of  aU 
the  inddents,  and  in  one  of  them  a 
pnadpal  agent  (see  line  862 :  "Ihearthe 
stand  of  cominj;  feet  ...**).  The  tale 
if  this :  T<rilah.  the  beantifal  concnbine 
if  the  caliph  Hassan,  fklls  in  love  with  a 
gisov,  floM  ftom  the  seraglio,  is  over- 
mkea  by  an  emir,  pot  to  d^h,  and  cast 
iitothesea.  Tlie  (^laoor  cleaves  Hassan's 
ikill,  flees  for  his  life,  and  becomes  a 
iMiik.  Sbc  yean  afterwards  he  tells  his 
kntory  to  his  father  confessor  on  his 
desth-bed,  and  prays  him  to  **  lay  his 
body  with  tiie  humblest  dead,  and  not 
tfei  to  inscribe  his  name  on  his  tomb.*' 
Aceontingly,  he  is  called  **  the  Giaour," 
«d  is  known  by  no  other  name  (1818). 

Gisoha're  (4  sy/.),  daoghter  of  the 
kiDg  of  Saman'cUl,  the  mightiest  of  the 
MKT-sea  empires.  When  her  father  was 
■•de  captive  by  king  Saleh,  she  emerged 
iot  sifety  to  a  desert  island,  where  she 
Bet  Bed'er  the  young  king  of  Persia, 
vbo  proposed  to  make  her  his  wife ;  but 
Gisaharfi  '^spai  on  him,**  and  changed 
Ua  ''into  a  white  bird  with  red  beak 
«d  red  lega.**  The  bird  was  sold  to  a 
oertain  king.  Mid,  being  disenchanted,  re- 
ssaed  the  human  forai.  After  several 
■srvdloas  adventores,  Beder  again  met 
fte  under-sea  princess,  proposed  to  her 
Main,  and  she  became  nis  wife  and  queen 
dJmM.—Arabitm  NighU  C<  Beder  and 
Giaahar^**). 

GHbbet,  a  foot-pad  and  a  convict, 
who  "left  his  country  for  his  country's 
cood.**  He  piqued  himself  on  being  "  the 
leit-bchaved  man  on  the  road.** 

cuuiiln  I  Aooln  06  mcqml-» 
XI 0707). 


I  tboonit  ft  ibSmt  odd  t  •  •  Mid  Mid  to 
wtadd  vtMO  b*  iMMd  ttet  AlmwtB  iMd 
'Ihttklooki 


OUbet  (Master),  secretary  to  Martin 
Joshua  Bletson  (parliamentary  commis- 
sioner).~Sir  W.  Scott,  Woodttock  (time, 
Commonwealth). 

Gib'bie  (Oiue),  a  half-witted  lad  in 
the  service  of  lady  Bellenden. — Sir  W. 
Soott,  Oid  Mortality  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Uk*  G«w  (XbM*  ar  teHNH  BMBOiy.  h*  am  kapt  tlM 
tark^ik  and  tkn,  m  bli  jraan  advaoMd.  waa  promoCad 
to  tba  BBOfa  taiportant  oflea  of  ailatf ns  tha  oowa.— 


Qibby,  a  Scotch  Highlander  in  attend- 
ance on  colonel  Briton.  He  marries  Inis, 
the  waiting-woman  of  Isabella. — ^Mrs. 
CentUvre,  The  Wonder  (1714). 

Qibou  {Madame),  a  type  of  feminine 
vulgarity.  A  hard-headed,  keen-witted, 
coanely  clever,  and  pragmatical  mcAirese 
femme,  who  believes  in  nothing  but  a 
good  digestion  and  money  in  the  Funds. 
—  Henri  Monnier,  Somtes  Populaiire9 
(1862). 

Mde.  Pochet  and  Mde.  Gibou  are  the 
French  **  Mrs.  Gamp  and  Mrs.  Harris.** 

Qibraltar  of  America^  Qoebec. 

Qibraltar  of  Greeoe,  a  precipitous 
rock  700  feet  above  the  sea. 

Qibraltar  of  the  ITew  World, 
Cape  Diamond,  in  tiie  province  of  Quebec. 

QibBon  {Janet)j  a  young  dependent 
on  Mrs.  Margaret  Bertram  of  Singleside. 
— Sir  W.  Scott,  Quy  Mannermg  (timoi 
George  II.). 

Oifford  (John),  This  pseudonym  Las 
been  adopted  by  three  autnors :  (1)  John 
Richards  Green,  Biackstone's  Uommen- 
taries  Abridged  (1828) ;  (2)  £dward  Foss, 
An  Abridgment  of  JBlaakstone't  Commen- 
tariea  (1821) :  (8)  Alexander  Whellier, 
The  English  Lawyer, 

Oxford  {WtHiam\  author  of  Tha 
Jkmad,  a  poetical  satire,  which  annihi- 
lated tiie  Delia  Crusca  school  of  poets 
n794).  In  1796,  Gifford  published  The 
Jfomod^  to  expose  the  low  state  of  dra- 
matic authorship. 

Ba  waa  a  naa  wHk  whom  I  had  no  tttetatrannpatlitaa. 
...  Ha  had.  hovwrar,  •  haait  ftdl  of  kiwhiflM  far  aO 
IMiis  cnatoiai  esoapt  anttiocs:  thtm  ha  raaanlad  aa  • 
Munensw  lacatda  aata,  or  aa  laaak  Walton  did  woniii.— 


Gig^eswick  Fountain  ebbs  and 
flows  eight  times  a  day.  The  tale  is  that 
Giggleswick  was  once  a  nymph  living 
with  the  Oreads  on  mount  Craven.  A 
satyr  cluuiced  to  see  her,  and  resolved  to 
win  her ;  but  Giggleswick  fled  to  escape 


GILBERT. 


382 


GILES. 


her  pursuer,  and  pravmg  to  the  *^  topic 
gods"  (the  local  genii),  was  converted 
into  a  fountain,  which  still  pants  with 
fear.  The  tale  is  told  by  Drayton,  in  his 
Folyolbwn,  xxviii.  (1622). 

Gilbert,  butler  to  sir  Patrick  Charteris 
provost  of  Perth.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Fair 
Maid  of  Perth  (time,  Ueniy  lY.). 

QUbert  (Sir),  noted  for  the  sanatiye 
virtue  of  his  sword  and  cere-cloth.  Sir 
l^iuncelot  touched  the  wounds  of  sir 
Meliot  with  sir  Gilbert^s  sword  and  wiped 
them  with  the  cere-cloth,  and  "anon  a 
wholer  man  was  he  never  in  all  his  life." 
—Sir  T.  Malory,  History  of  Prince 
Arthvr,  L  116  (1470). 

Gilbert  with  tbe  White  Hand, 
one  of  the  companions  of  Robin  Hood, 
mentioned  often  in  The  Lyttell  Gestd  of 
Hcbyn  Bode  (fytte  v.  and  vii.). 


TlMlr  KW I  Maiilaind  npon  aaU  Belrd  Gnjr, 
RobetM  Hude,  and  GlllKrt  "  witli  tta«  quhitel 
Qnhoin  Hay  of  NMiditoa  Ucw  m  Mndln-laiKL 

Iii:</Ui4>*  PoemMf  L  Ut. 

GiinbertSCleugh,  cousin  to  lady 
Margaret  Bellenden.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Old 
MortatUy  (time,  Gharles  II.). 

Gil  Bias,  son  of  Bias  of  Santilla'nd 
'squire  or  **e8cudero'*  to  a  lady,  and 
brought  up  by  his  uncle,  canon  Gil  PerSs. 
Gil  Bias  went  to  Dr.  Godinez*s  school,  of 
Oviedo  [Ot^.tf.a'.do],  and  obtained  the  re- 
putation of  being  a  ^at  scholar.  He 
had  fair  abilities,  a  kmd  heart,  and  good 
inclinations,  but  was  easily  led  astray  by 
his  vanity.  Full  of  wit  and  humour,  but 
lax  in  his  morals.  Duped  by  others  at  first, 
he  afterwards  placed  the  same  devices  on 
those  less  experienced.  As  he  grew  in 
years,  however,  his  conduct  improved, 
and  when  his  fortune  was  made  he  oecame 
an  honest,  steady  man. — Lesage,  Qii  Bias 
(1716). 

(Lesage  has  borrowed  largely  from  the 
romance  of  Espinel,  called  Vida  del  Escu- 
dero  Marcos  de  Obreaon  (1618),  from 
which  he  has  taken  his  prologue,  the 
adventure  of  the  parasite  (bk.  i.  2), 
the  dispersion  of  the  company  of  Gaca- 
belos  by  the  muleteer  (bk.  i.  8),  the 
incident  of  the  robber's  cave  (bk.  i.  4,  6), 
the  surprise  bv  the  corsairs,  the  contri- 
butions levied  by  don  Raphael  and 
Ambrose  (bk.  i.  15,  16),  the  service  with 
the  duke  of  Lcrma,  the  character  of  San- 

Sado  (called  by  Espinel  Sagredo)^  and  even 
e  reply  of  don  Matthias  de  SUva  when 
asked  to  fight  a  duel  early  in  the  morn- 
ing, "  As  I  never  rise  before  one,  even  for 
a  party  of  pleasure,  it  is  unreasonable 


to  expect  that  I  shonid  rise  at  six  to  here 
my  throat  cat,"  bk.  ilL  8.) 

Gildas  de  Buys  (St,),  nearTamies, 
in  France.  This  monasteiy  was  founded 
in  the  sixth  century  by  St.  Gildaa  '*  ih« 
Wise  "  (616-666). 

For  MOM  <rf  OS  kMfV  •  tbbif  or  tw» 
b  tbo  aMMy  of  8t  OUdM  do  Bqj& 
LonsCdloir,  ThtOtUimt. 


Gil'deroy,  a  famons  robber.  Tb£X% 
were  two  of  the  name,  both  handsome 
Scotchmen,  both  robben,  and  both  were 
hanged.  One  lived  in  the  seventeenth 
century,  and  **had  the  honour**^  of 
robbing  cardinal  Richellea  and  Oliver 
Cromwell.  The  other  was  bom  in  Roalin, 
in  the  eighteenth  century,  an^  was 
executed  m  Edinburgh  for  "stealing 
sheep,  horses,  and  oxen."  In  the  Percy 
Reliques,  I.  iii,  12,  is  the  lament  ot 
Gilderoy*s  widow  at  the  execution  of  her 
"handsome"  and  "winsome**  Gilderoy ; 
and  Campbell  has  a  ballad  on  the  same 
subject.  Both  are  entitled  "  Gilderoy j** 
and  refer  to  the  latter  robber;  but  ui 
Thom8on*s  Orpheus  Caledonius^  ii.  is  * 
copy  of  the  older  ballad. 

*^*  Thomson's  ballad  places  (xOderoy 
in  the  rei^  of  Mary  "  queen  of  Soots,^ 
but  this  18  not  consistent  with  the 
tradition  of  his  robbing  Eicheliea  and 
Cromwell.  We  want  a  third  Gilderoy 
for  the  reign  of  queen  Maiy— one  Uving 
in  the  sixteenth  oentory. 

Gilding  a  Boy.  Leo  Xn.  killed  the 
boy  MortaTa  by  gilding  him  all  over  to 
adorn  a  pageant. 

Gildip'i>e  (8  syL\  wife  of  Edwaid 
an  English  baron,  who  accompanied  her 
husband  to  Jerusalem,  and  performed 
prodigies  of  valour  in  the  war  (bk.  ix.). 
Both  she  and  her  husband  were  slain  by 
Solyman  (bk.  xx.). — ^Tasso,  Jentsaiem 
Delivered  (1676). 

Giles,  a  fanner  in  love  with  Pstfey, 
"  the  maid  of  the  mill,"  and  promised  to 
him  by  her  father ;  but  Patty  refuses  to 
marry  him.  Ultim&tely^  the  "maid  of 
the  mill "  marries  lord  Aimworth.  Giles 
is  a  blunt,  well-meaning,  working  fanner^ 
of  no  education,  no  refinement,  no  notioa 
of  the  amenities  of  social  life. — ^Bicker- 
staff.  The  Maid  of  the  MiU. 

Giles  (1  sylX  serving-boy  to  Cbrad 
Halcro.— SirW.  Scott,  The  Pirate  (time, 
William  III.). 

QUes  (1  syl.)^  warder  of  the  Towers- 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Ibrtimes  of  Nigel  (tims^ 
James  I.). 


QILES. 


GINES  DE  PASSAMONTE. 


OAt  (J  sgL),  jftiler  of  sir  Reginald 
fnat  de  Bonif .— Sir  W.  Soott,  JvanAoe 
(tine,  RichMd  I.). 

0S€$  (Wiil)j  apprentice  of  Gibbie 
Gilder  the  eooper  at  WolTs  Hope 
village. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Bride  of  Lammer- 
(time,  William  III.). 


GOtt,   the  ** fanner's   boy,"    "meek, 

fatheriew,  jmd  poor,**  the  hero  of  Bobeit 

Bloomfield*!    pnndpal  poem,  which    is 

iBrided     into    "Spring,**     ^'Sammer,** 

'Aotomn,**  and  "  Winter"  (1798). 

Gflee  of  Antwerp,  Giles  Coignet, 
tbe  painter  (1530-1600). 

Gilfinan  (Habakiuk),  caUed  "Gifted 
GiliUlan,**  a  (^amero'nian  officer  and 
cnthnasft. — Sir  W.  Scott,  WaverUy 
(tiBe,  George  II.). 

Qill  (Barry)j  a  furmer,  who  forbade 
eld  (soody  Blake  to  carry  home  a  few 
itkks,  which  she  had  |Hcked  np  from  his 
hod,  to  lijdit  a  wee-bit  fire  to  warm  her- 
idf  by.  Old  Goody  Blake  cursed  him 
fM  hit  meanness,  saying  he  should  never 
froK  that  moment  cease  from  shiTering 
vitfa  cold ;  and,  snre  enouffh,  from  that 
Imsz,  a-bcd  or  npj  summer  or  winter,  at 
koM«  or  abroad,  nis  teeth  went  "  diatter, 
dstter,  diatter  stilL**  aothinjg  was  of 
so  OM,  fires  of  no  STail,  for,  spite  of  all, 
W  muttered,  "  Poor  Harry  Gill  is  very 
coll^—Wordsworth,  Ooody  Blake  and 
Barrg  Om  (1798). 

GOIamore  (S  <y/.)  or  QuiUamur, 

kisK  of  Ireland,  being  slain  in  battle  by 

Aimsr,  Ireland  was  added  by  the  oon- 

qssror  to  his  own  dominions. 

uri  Mjiln  tn  lriTi-1  lit  i '  .  .  . 

t  riite  th«  Idas,  ihe  eountnr  VMt>  he  lidd. 
Dnytaa.  f^tptnitrnt  tr.  <1SU). 

Qilliaii,  landlady  of  don  John  and 
to  Frederic. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher, 
The  Ownoet  (1620). 

GVlkm  {Dame),  tirewoman  to  lady 
ErdinSjSnd  wife  of  Raoul the huntonan. 
-Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Betrothed  (time, 
Hairy  n.). 

Gilliflowers.  A  nos^y  of  these 
fiowen  was  given  by  the  fsiry  Amazo'na 
to  Gupillona  in  her  flight.  The  virtue 
«(  this  nosegay  was,  that  so  long  as  the 
piinoem  had  it  about  her  person,  those 
v)u<  knew  her  before  would  not  recognize 
ker.— Comtesse  D*Aonoy,  Fairy  Tales 
C*  Princess  Carcdllona,**  1682). 

GiBs    {Sohuvm),    ship*s    instrument 

A  slo*v,  tiioughtfnl  old  man, 

of  Walter  Gay,  who  was  m  the 


house  of  Mr.  Dombey,  merchant.  GiBs 
was  very  proud  of  his  stock-in-trade, 
but  never  seemed  to  sell  anything.— C 
Dickens,  Dombey  ami  Son  (1846). 

Qilpin  (John),  a  linen-draper  and 
train-band  captain,  living  in  London. 
His  wife  said  to  him,  "  Though  we  have 
been  married  twenty  years,  we  have  taken 
no  holiday ;  **  and  at  her  advice  the  well- 
to-do  linen-draper  agreed  to  make  a 
&mily  party,  and  dine  at  the  Bell,  at 
Edmonton.  ICrs.  Gilpin,  her  sister,  and 
four  children  went  m  the  chaise,  and 
Gilpin  nromised  to  follow  on  horseback. 
As  madam  had  left  the  wine  bdiind, 
Gilpin  girded  it  in  two  stone  bottles  to 
his  bel^  and  started  on  his  way.  The 
horse,  being  fresh,  began  to  trot  and  then 
to  gallop :  and  J<^in,  being  a  bad  rider, 
nasped  the  mane  with  both  his  hands. 
On  went  the  horse,  off  flew  John  Gilpin*s 
cloak,  together  with  his  hat  and  wicr. 
The  dogs  barked,  the  children  fcreamed, 
the  turnpike  men  (thinking  he  was  riding 
for  a  wsger)  flung  open  their  gates.  He 
flew  through  Edmonton,  and  never  stopped 
till  he  reached  Ware,  when  his  friend  the 
calender  gave  him  welcome,  and  askeilhim 
to  diunount.  Gilpin,  however,  declined, 
saying  his  wife  would  be  expecting  him. 
So  the  calender  furnished  him  with 
another  hat  and  wig,  and  Gilpin  harked 
back  again,  when  similar  disasters 
occurred,  till  the  horse  stopped  at  his 
house  in  London. — W.  Cowper,  John 
Oitpin  (1786). 

*«*  John  Gilpin  was  a  Mr.  Beyer,  of 
Paternoster  Row^  who  died  in  1791,  and 
it  was  lady  Austm  who  told  the  anecdote 
to  the  poet.  The  marrii^e  adventure  of 
commodore  Trunnion,  in  Peregrine  FioJUe, 
is  a  similar  adventure. 

QUtspur  Street,  a  street  in  West 
Smithfield,  built  on  the  route  taken  bpr 
the  knights  fwho  wore  gilt  spurs)  on  their 
way  to  Smitafield,  where  thrs  tournaments 
were  held. 

Gines  de  Passamonte,  one  of  the 
cnlley-slaves  set  free  by  don  Quixote. 
Gines  had  written  a  history  of  his  life  and 
adventures.  After  being  liberated,  tlw 
slaves  set  upon  the  knight  |  they  assaulted 
him  with  stones,  robb^  him  and  Sancho 
ol  everything  they  viUned,  broke  to  pieces 
**  Mambrino^  helmet,*'  and  then  msde  off 
with  all  possible  speed,  taking  Sancho*f 
ass  with  tnem.  After  a  time  uie  ass  waf 
recovered  (pt.  I.  ir.  3). 

"Hvk  y.  Mand.'MM  the  giiOcy«kr«.  **GliMi|iar 
MID«.  and  PnmioooM  lb*  UU«  of  aur  teadto." 


GINEURA. 


SIOVANNL 


\*  This  Gines  re-appears  in  pt.  II.  ii. 
7  as  *'  Peter  the  showman,"  who  exhibits 
the  story  of  "  Mcdisendra  and  don  Gay- 
feros.*'  The  helmet  also  is  presented 
whole  and  soond  at  the  inn,  where  it 
becomes  a  matter  of  dispute  whether  it  is 
a  basin  or  a  helmet. 

Gineura.  the  troth-plight  bride  of 
Ariodantds,  ulsely  aeonsed  of  infidelity, 
and  doomed  to  die  unless  she  found  within 
a  montii  a  champion  to  do  battle  for  her 
honour.  Tlie  duke  who  accused  her  felt 
confident  that  no  champion  would  appear, 
but  on  the  day  appointed  Ariodant^  nim- 
self  entered  the  lists.  The  duke  was 
slain,  ttie  lady  vindicated,  and  the  cham- 
pion oecame  Gineura^s  husband. — ^Ariosto, 
Orlando  Furioso  (1516). 

Shakespeare,  in  Much  Ado  about 
Nothing^  makes  Hero  falsely  accused  of 
infidelity,  through  the  malice  of  don 
John,  wiM>  induces  Margaret  (the  lady's 
attendant)  to  give  Bora(&o  a  rendezvous 
at  the  lady's  chamber  window.  While 
this  was  going  on,  Claudio,  the  betrothed 
lover  of  Hero,  was  brought  to  a  spot 
where  he  might  witness  tibe  scene,  and, 
believing  Ifargaret  to  be  Hem,  was  so 
indignant,  that  next  day  at  the  altar  he 
denounced  Hero  as  unworthy  of  his  love. 
Benedict  challenged  C^udio  for  slander, 
but  the  combat  was  prevented  by  the 
arrest  and  confession  of  Borachio.  Don 
JohUj  finding  his  villainy  exposed,  fled  to 
Hessma. 

Spenser  has  introduced  a  similar  story 
in  his  Faih^  Queen^  y.  11  (the  tale  of 
**  Irena,"  q,v,). 

Gin'evra,  the  young  Italian  bride 
who,  playing  hide-and-seek,  hid  herself 
in  a  large  ^nk.  The  lid  accidentally 
fell  down,  and  was  held  fast  by  a  spring- 
lock.  Many  years  afterwards  the  trunk 
was  sold  and  the  skeleton  discovered. — 
Bogers,  /ta/y  (1792). 

T.  Ha3rnes  Bayley  wrote  a  ballad  called 
The  Mistletoe  Boughy  on  the  same  tradi- 
tion. He  calls  the  bridegroom  "young 
Lovell." 

A  similar  narrative  is  given  by  Gollet, 
in  his  CoMaes  Ce'iebres, 

Marwell  Old  Hall,  once  the  residence 
of  the  Seymours,  and  subsequently  of  the 
Dacre  family,  has  a  similar  tradition 
attached  to  it,  and  "the  ver}'  chest  is 
now  the  pronerty  of  the  Rev.  J.  Hay  garth, 
rector  of  Uunam." — Post-Offhe Directory. 

Bramshall,  Hampshire,  has  a  similar 
tale  and  rhciti 


The  same  tale  is  tlso  told  of  Uie  great 
house  at  Malsanger,  near  Basingstoke. 

Gingerbread  {OUe$)i  the  hero  of  «i 

English  nursery  tale. 

J€uik  c»«  Ma«i-Mlfar.  OUm  Otm^trhrmi,  and  fVai 

Tkutnb  win  lloarUi  in  widw  ■priHm  tad  mnif  i  wdBg 
popubtflty.— WMblagtOB  IrrHag. 

Ginn  or  Jftn  (singular  wMuaUim 
Jinnee,  feminine  Jinmyeh),  a  species  of 
beings  created  long  before  Adam.  They 
were  formed  of  "smokeless  fire**  or  fire 
of  tiie  simoom,  and  were  governed  by 
monarchs  named  suleyman,  the  last  m 
whom  was  J&n-ibn-Jin  or  Gian-ben- 
Gian,  who  "built  the  pyramids  of 
Egypt."  Prophets  were  sent  to  convert 
them,  but  on  their  persistent  disobedience, 
an  army  of  angels  drove  them  from  the 
eartli.  Among  the  ginn  was  one  named 
Aza'zel.  When  Adun  was  created,  and 
God  commanded  the  angels  to  worship 
him,  Azazel  refused,  saving,  "Why  should 
the  spirits  of  fire  worship  a  creature  mada 
of  earth?**  Whereupon  God  changed  him 
into  a  devil,  and  called  him  Iblis  or 
Eblis  ("  despair").    Spelt  also  Djinn. 


Gi'ona*  a  leader  of  the 
once  a  servant  of  comte  d'Oberthal,  \mt 
discharged  from  his  service  for  thefL  He 
joined  the  rebellion  of  the  anabaptasts, 
I  but,  with  the  rest  of  the  conspiraton. 
betrayed  the  "prophet-king,**  John  of 
Leyden,  when  the  emperor  arrived  with 
his  army. — Meyerbeer,  Le  FropkeH 
(1849). 

Giovan'ni  (i>on),  a  Spanish  libertine 
of  the  aristocratic  class.  His  valdt^ 
Leporello,  says,  "  He  had  700  mistresses  in 
Ituy,  800  in  Germany,  91  in  France  and 
Turkey,  and  1003  in  Spain."  When  the 
measure  of  his  iniquity  was  full,  a  l^on 
of  fold  fiends  earned  him  oS.  to  the  de- 
vouring gulf. — Mozart's  opera,  i>oit 
Qiocanni  (1787). 

(The  kbretto  of  this  opera  is  by 
Lorenzo  da  Pontd.) 

*^^  The  origin  of  this  character  was 
don  Juan  Teno'rio,  of  Seville,  who  lived 
in  the  fourteenth  century.  The  traditions 
concerning  him  were  dramatixed  hy  Tirse 
de  Molina ;  thence  passed  into  Italy  and 
France.  Glttck  has  a  musical  ballet  called 
Don  Juan  (1766) ;  Moli^re,  a  comedy  on 
the  same  subject  (1666) ;  and  Thomas 
Gomeille  (brother  of  the  Orand  ComeUle) 
broughtout,  in  1678,  a  comedy  on  the  sams 
subject,  called  Le  Festin  de  Fietre^  which 
is  the  second  title  of  Molibre's  xW  Jwau 
Goldoni,  caUed  "  The  Italian  MoUbre." 


GIPSET. 


385 


GLADIATOB. 


tif  alio  A  comedy  on  the  same  fitvonrite 


Qipeey,  die  favoonte  ffr^hotrnd  of 
Gfaarlesl. 

/.]doK  acraptncsttbedoor, 
•ieftltoktfaiGlpMf. 


Oips^Biii^,  a  flat  gold  ring,  with 
itoQei  i«t  mto  it,  at  ^ven  distances.  So 
eaUcd  because  the  stones  were  orighially 
£g7ptiaa   pebbles — that    is,    agate   and 


Qipsie^    Sead-qiiarterB,    Tet- 
aolm,  Aox  bai^^i. 


\*  The  tale  ia,  that  the  gipsies  are 
vindereis  because  the^r  refosed  to  shelter 
tbe  Yirgin  and  Child  in  their  flij^ht  into 
EgTpt.  —  Aventinua,    Amnale8   Soionan^ 

TBBU 

Qiralda  of    Seville,  eaUed  by  the 

Knight  of  Uie  Mirrors  a  giantess,  whose 

bodj  was  of  brass,   and  who,  withont 

erer  shifting  her  place,  was  the  most  wi- 

AeadT  and    changeable   female  in  the 

vom.      In    fact,   tiiis  Giralda  was ,  no 

other  than  the  brazen  statue  on  a  steeple 

in  SerQle,  serving  for  a  weathercock. 

"I  tni  <h»  cteBSMtde  GInkIa  .  .  .  I  oUtodhflr  to 
itadidB:  fcr  Sartes  the  apace  of  a  whole  wew  no  wind 
tto*  hai  bom  tfas  north."— Canantai^ /ten  «■<»)(«.  U.  L 

uooa 

Qirdar  iOtbbie,  ue.  GUbert),  the 
eocmr  at  Wolfs  Hope  village. 

^Hm  Oirder,  wife  of  the  cooper. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Bride  of  Lammermoor  (time. 
William  III.). 

Girdle  (Armada's),  a  cestus  worn  by 
Anni'da,  which,  like  that  of  Yenas,  pos- 
sessed the  magical  charm  of  provoking 
irresistible  love. — ^Tasso,  Jerwalem  De- 
tiMrwf(1575). 

Qirdle  {FloHm^s)^  the  prize  of  a  grsnd 

toemainent,  in  which  sir  Saf  yrane  (8  «y/.), 

nr   Brianor,  sir   SangHer,  sir  Art^^, 

sir  Cambel,   sir  Tri'amond,   Brifomart, 

and  others  took  part.  It  was  accidentally 

dromd  by  Florimel  in  her  flight  (bk. 

iii.  7,  81),  pieked  np  by  sir  Satyrane, 

and  employed  by  him  for  Unding  the 

Bumster   which   frightened  Florimel  to 

ffight,  bat  afterwards  came  Sffain  into  sir 

Satymne's  possession,  when  he  placed  it 

fay  safety  m  a  golden  coffer.    It  was  a 

BMgeoos  girdle,   made    by  Vulcan   for 

vcBos,  uid  embossed  with  pearls  and 

pndoos  stones ;  bot  its  chief  merit  was 

II  on  A«  virtae  of  duete  lofe 
itoalthatadU 


Bat 


eoiitni7  doth  pram 
railddle 


Might  not  Um  auDc  abotrf  ber 

BMtt««mldkmM.or«hoami 

SpeoMc^ /Wrr  «M«M».  ill.  7  (UPtli 

%♦  Other  tests  of  chastity  were: 
"  Arthur's  drinking  horn,"  mentioned  in 
the MorUd" Arthur.  The  "court  mantel,** 
mentioned  in  the  ballad  called  **  The  Boy 
and  the  Mantel  "  in  Percy's  Eeliquea. 
The  "enchanted  cup,"  mentionea  in 
Orlando  Furioso,  ii,  etc 

GtrtJOe  (  F«it«*»),  a  ^rdle  on  which  was 
embroidered  the  passions,  desires,  jovs, 
and  pains  of  love.  It  was  usually  called 
a  cestus,  which  means  * '  embroidered, "  and 
was  worn  lower  down  than  the  cin'gnlum 
or  matron's  girdle,  bot  higher  up  than 
the  eone  or  maiden's  girdle.  It  was  said 
to  possess  the  magical  power  of  exciting 
love.    Homer  describes  it  thus : 

la  thli  wae  er««7  art  and  ererr  dianii. 
Tb  win  the  wIsMt.  and  tbe  coldMt  warm : 
Fond  love,  the  gentle  vow.  tbe  cay  iliaho. 
Tbe  kind  decaft.  the  Mill  iwHving  flra. 
Pjjiwarfve  ■peeeh,  and  more  perauadve  righa, 
SOeace  UMt  ipoke.  abd  etoqttence  of  eye*. 

Poi>e. /Itad,  xtr. 

Qirdle  of  Opakka,  foresight  and 
prudence. 

"  Ths  girdle  of  Opakka.  with  which  KIM  the  eocfautor 
b  endoed.  what  h  It,"  mM  Shanubelnar.  "  but  forcdght 
aad  prudeooe— the  beat  'ghdle'  tor  the  Mittaas  of  the 
earth  t  "-Sir  G.  ICorell  [LeTJ.  lUdlevI  rolet  i^fthtOmU 

Qirdles,  impressed  with  mystical 
characters,  wars  bound  with  certain  cere- 
monieii  round  women  in  gestation,  to 
accekrate  the  birth  and  alleviate  tbe 
pains  of  labour.  It  was  a  Druid  custom, 
observed  h\  the  Gaels,  and  continued  in 
practice  till  quite  modem  times. 

AUo  offered  to  give  KRagon  "a  hnndrad  gteidi.  ffrfi- 
dren  of  the  rein :  a  hundred  hawke  with  Outtering  wtoft 
.  .  .  and  a  hittMlred  girdln  to  bind  high-boaonied  nuddL 
Mende  of  the  Urdu  of  heraee.''-4]Man.  Th*  Soote  ^ 
Lenk 

Glmington  (  The  laird  of)^  previously 
Frank  Hayston,  laird  of  Bucklaw,  the 
bridegroom  of  Lucy  Ashton.  He  is  found 
wounded  by  his  bride  on  the  wedding 
night,  recovers,  and  leaves  the  country ; 
but  the  bride  goes  mad  and  dies.— Sir 
W.  Scott,  Bride  of  Lammermoor  (time, 
William  III.).  ^      ^ 

Ojallar^  Hdmdairs  horn,  which  he 
blows  to  give  the  gods  notice  when  any 
one  approaches  the  bridge  BifrOst. — 
ScandUruwian  Mythology, 

Gladiator  ( The  Dying).  This  fam- 
ous statue,  found  at  Nettuno  (tho  an- 
cient An f turn) f  was  the  work  of  Agaslas^ 
a  sculptor  of  Ephesus. 

2c 


GLADSMOOR. 


886 


GLASTONBURY. 


Qlads'moor  {^r»)t  almoner  of  the 
earl  of  Glenallan,  at  GleDallan  House. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Antiquary  (time, 
GiM>Tge  III.). 

Qlamorgan,  according  to  British 
fable,  is  gia  or  glyn  Morgan  (valley  or 
fflen  of  Al organ).  Cundah'  and  Morgan 
(says  Spenser)  were  sons  of  Gonorill  and 
Regan,  the  two  elder  daughters  of  king 
Leyr.  Cnndah  chased  Morgan  into  Wales, 
and  slew  him  in  the  glen  which  per- 
•   pctuates  his  name. 

Then  ipui  tiia  bloodjr  tatUireB  boUi  to  ndaa  i 
Bot  flcice  Cundah  ^u  dtanlj  to  enTjr 
Hk  broUMT  Momn  .  .  . 
RaiHl  warn,  and  him  In  tattdll  oir«rthr«w  { 
Whence  aa  bote  Ukmc  woody  blDw  did  flv. 
Which  hight  or  him  QIa-uMirvui.  there  him  daw. 
Spenaar,  /Wrr  <{*(««.  U- 10.  » (1800). 

This  is  not  quite  in  accordance  with 
Geoffrey's  aoconnt : 

Soma  leatleai  ^irita  .  .  .  Inaplred  Maisaa  wkfa  rain 
ooneelta.  .  .  .  who  marched  with  aa  amy  Uiro««h  Cuna- 
dngioa'i  oountry.  and  bevm  to  burn  all  before  hfan  ;  but 
he  was  met  bx  Cttnedaoiua,  with  all  hb  fciOM.  who  at* 
lacked  Margan. . . .  and,  puttlnKhim  to  fligbt.  .  .  .  kUIed 
blm  in  a  town  of  Kambrla.  which  ilnoe  hte  death  baa 
been  called  Mai|an  to  thia  daf.—HrWik  JMMory.  IL  IS 
(U«). 

QlasffOW  (The  bishop  of).—^\t  W. 
Scott,  Vasth  "DangerouSy  xiz.  (time, 
Henry  I.). 

Qlafltjgow  Anna,  an  oak  tree  with 
a  bird  above  it,  and  a  bell  hanging  from 
one  of  the  branches ;  at  the  foot  of  tiie 
tree  a  salmon  with  a  ring  in  its  mouth. 
The  legend  is  that  St.  Kentigem  built 
the  city  and  hung  a  bell  in  an  oak  tree  to 
summon  the  men  to  work.  This  accounts 
for  the  '*oak  and  bell."  Now  for  the 
rest :  A  Scottish  queen,  having  formed  an 
illicit  attachment  to  a  soldier,  presented 
her  paramonr  with  a  ring^  the  gift  of  her 
roytu  husband.  This  coming  to  the  know- 
ledge of  the  kingj  he  contrived  to  abstract 
it  nx>m  the  soldier  while  he  was  asleep, 
threw  it  into  the  Clyde,  and  then  asked 
his  queen  to  show  it  him.  The  queen,  in 
great  alarm,  ran  to  St.  Kentigem,  and 
confessed  her  crime.  The  fother  con- 
fessor went  to  the  Cl^^de,  drew  out  a 
salmon  with  the  ring  in  its  mouth,  handed 
it  to  the  queen,  and  by  this  means  both 
prevented  a  scandal  and  reformed  the 
repentant  lady. 

A  similar  legend  is  told  of  Dame  Re- 
becca Beny,  wife  of  Thomas  Elton  of 
Stratford  Bow,  and  relict  of  sir  John 
Berry,  1696.  She  is  the  heroine  of  the 
ballad  colled  The  Cruel  Knight,  The 
story  runs  thus :  A  knight,  passing  by  a 
cottage,  heard  the  cries  of  a  woman  in 
labour.  By  his  knowledge  of  the  occult 
■dences,  he  knew  that  the  infimt   was 


doomed  to  be  bis  future  wife;  but  he 
determined  to  elude  his  destiny.  When 
the  child  was  of  a  marriageable  age,  he 
took  her  to  the  sea-side,  intending  to 
drown  her,  but  relented,  and,  throwing  a 
ring  into  the  sea,  commanded  her  never 
to  see  his  face  again,  upon  pain  of  death, 
till  she  brought  back  that  ring  with  her. 
The  damsel  now  went  as  cook  to  a  noble 
family,  and  one  ckay,  as  she  was  preparing 
a  cod-fish  for  dinner,  she  found  the  rin^ 
in  the  fish,  took  it  to  the  knight,  and  thus 
became  the  bride  of  sir  John  Berry.  The 
Berry  arms  show  a  fish,  and  in  the  dexter 
chief  a  ring. 

Olass  (MtsX  a  tobacconist,  in  London, 
who  befriended  Jeanie  Deans  while  she 
sojourned  in  town,  whither  she  had  come 
to  crave  pardon  from  the  queen  for  Effie 
Deans,  her  half-sister,  lying  under  sen- 
tence of  death  for  the  miuder  of  her 
infant  bom  before  wedlock.  —  Sir  W. 
Scott,  Heart  of  Midiothtan  (time,  George 
II.). 

Glass  Armour.  When  Chery  went 
to  encounter  the  dragon  that  guarded  Uie 
singing  apple,  he  arrayed  himself  in  glass 
armour,  which  reflected  objects  like  a 
mirror.  Consequently,  when  the  monster 
came  against  him,  seeing  its  reflecUoD 
in  every  part  of  the  armour,  it  fisncied 
hundreds  of  dragons  were  coming  against 
it,  and  ran  away  in  alarm  into  a  cave, 
which  Chery  instantlv  closed  up,  and  thus 
became  master  of  the  situation. — Com- 
tesse  D* Annoy,  Fairy  Tales  ("Princess 
Fairstar,"  1682). 

Qlasse  (Mrs,)^  author  of  a  cookery- 
book,  immortalized  by  the  saying,  "  First 
catch  [skin]  your  hare,  then  cook  it.** 
Mrs.  ulasse  is  the  nom  de  plume  of  Dr. 
John  HiU  (171^-1775). 


A  craat  rariety  of  learned  dalntiea  whkh  Mm. 
heneir  wouU  not  diidain  to  add  to  her  hlgh-fla?o«rad 
eataloicue.— AttoAMTp*  itoetow. 

I  know  H  an.  from  a  larii  to  a  loin  of  beef;  and  In  tW 
•oonomy  of  the  table,  wooMn't  lioM  a  candle  to  Hannak 
Oaaa  heraeUl-Ouaberland.  FlrttU^O.  1  (IvW). 

Qlas'tonbury,  in  Arthurian  ro- 
mance, was  the  burial-place  of  king 
Arthur.  Selden,  in  his  lUustraiions  of 
Drayton,  gives  an  account  of  Arthur^ 
tomb  **b^wixt  two  {Hilars,**  and  says 
that  "  Henry  II.  gave  command  to  Henry 
de  Bois  (then  abbot  of  Glastonbury)  to 
make  great  search  for  the  body  of  the- 
British  king,  which  was  found  in  a 
wooden  coffin  some  16  foote  deepe,  and 
aftemrards  they  found  a  stone  on  whose 
lower  side  was  fixed  a  leaden  cron  witk 
the  name  inscribed*** 


GLATISANT. 


887 


GLENDINNING. 


OUitJotAm-g  7%om,  The  k^gend  is  tluit 
Joseph  of  Arimathea  stock  his  staff  into 
the  groond  in  "  the  sacied  isle  of  Glas- 
toohoxT,'*  and  that  this  thom  blossoms 
Mon  Qiristmas  Day*"  every  year.  St. 
toeph  was  buied  at  Glastonbuy. 


iMmw] 


town, 


(Hatasant*  the  qoesting  beast.  It 
had  the  head  of  a  serpent,  the  body  of  a 
libbard,  bottocks  of  a  lion,  foot  of  a  hart, 
sad  in  its  body  "  there  was  a  noise  like 
tlist  of  thirty  oonple  of  bounds  questing  " 
(U.  m  foUcry).  Sir  PalomVd^  Uie 
Saneei  was  for  ever  following  this  beast. 
—Sir  T.  Malory,  History  of  Frmoe 
ArUmr^  iL  62,  68,149  (1470). 

Olaa'oe  (2  sy/.),  nvrse  of  the  princess 
Brifomart.  She  tried  by  charms  to 
**vido'*  her  lady's  love  for  sir  Artegal, 
"bat  love  that  is  in  gentle  heart  b^nn, 
BO  idle  charm  can  remove,**  Finding  her 
ioreenr  nseless,  she  took  the  princess  to 
eoMott  Merlin,  and  Merlin  told  her  that 
by  marrying  Artegal  she  would  found  a 
nee  of  kings  from  which  would  arise  **  a 
Tojal  virgin  tiiat  shall  shake  the  power  of 
Spsin."  The  two  now  started  in  quest  of 
&e  kmght,  but  in  time  got  separated. 
(3br6  became  **the  'squire**  of  sir 
Seo'damore,  bat  re-appears  (bk.  iiL  12) 
after  flie  combat  between  Bntomart  and 
Aitcgal,  reconciles  the  combatants,  and 
the  princess  consents  **  to  be  the  love  of 
Ajt^l^  and  to  take  him  for  her  lord  ** 
(bk.  iT.  6,  6). — Spenser,  Fairy  Qtte^H 
(1590, 1596). 

GlaiOCiiBp  a  fisherman  of  Bosotia. 
Be  observed  that  all  the  fish  which  he 
kid  on  the  graaa  received  fresh  vigour, 
sad  immediatelv  leaped  into  the  sea. 
TUa  gcsfls  had  been  planted  by  Kronos, 
sod  when  GUncus  tasted  it,  he  also 
leaped  into  the  sea,  and  became  a  pro- 
phetic marine  deity.  Once  a  year  he 
visited  all  the  coasts  of  Greece,  to  utter 
bis  predictions.  Glaocns  is  tiie  sailors* 
patrao  deify. 


Mlttoo.  Comtu,  874  (19U^ 
itHtodoftbalMrb 

Parmdim,L{;ua). 


(Hanoiu,  son  of  Hippolytus.  Being 
MMthcred  in  a  tub  of  honey,  he  was 
natoied  to  life  by  [a]  dragon  given  him 
by  Eseala'pioa  yirobAbly  a  medicine  so 
«lli^— Apollodoms,  BMiotheoa,  28. 


GtoHCHSy  of  Chios,  inventor  of  the  art  of 
Mldering  metal.-Pausanias,  limerary  of 
Greece, 

A  mcond  QUmoua^  one  who  ruins  him- 
self \ij  horses.  This  refers  to  Glaucus, 
son  of  Sis'yphos,  who  was  killed  by  his 
horses.  Some  say  he  was  trampled  to 
dei^  by  them,  imd  some  that  ne  was 
eaten  by  them. 

GUmai  et  Diomidm  pemmtatio^  a  very 
foolish  exchange.  Homer  {lliad^  vi.) 
tells  us  that  Glaucus  changed  his  golden 
armour  ft>r  the  iron  one  of  DiomCd^.  The 
French  ny^est  le  troc  de  Gtaucus  et  de 
Diomede,  TbU  Glaucus  was  the  grand- 
son of  Bellerophon.  (In  Greek,  **  Glau- 
kos.**) 

Glem,  the  scene  of  Arthur's  battle,  is 
fai  Northumberland. 

Th*  SshI  ttat  aB  4ta»  loiw 
Bu«  kf  tb«  whili  Boutli  of  tiM  TlolMt  C3lMt^^ 

TcnnjKNi. 

Glenallan  (Jo$oelmd  dowager  countess 
of),  whose  fun«ral  takes  place  by  torch- 
light in  the  Catholic  chapel. 

The  earl  of  Glenallan,  son  of  the  dow- 
ager countess.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  AnU- 
quary  (time,  George  III.). 

Qlenalvon.  heir  of  lord  Randolph. 
When  young  Morval,  the  son  of  lady 
Randolph,  makes  his  unexpected  appear- 
ance, Glenalvon  sees  in  him  a  rival,  whom 
he  hates.  He  pretends  to  lord  RandoI|A 
that  the  voung  man  is  a  suitor  of  lady 
Randolph  s,  and,  having  excited  the  pas- 
sion of  jealousy,  contrives  to  bring  his 
lordship  to  a  place  where  he  witnesses 
their  endearments.  A  fight  ensues,  in 
which  Norval  slays  GlemUvon,  but  is 
himself  slain  by  lord  Randolph,  who  then 
discovers  too  late  that  the  supposed  suitor 
was  his  wife's  son. — Home,  Douglas 
(1767). 

Olenooe  (2  syl.),  the  scene  of  the 
massacre  of  M'lau  and  thirty-ei^ht  of  his 
glenmen,  in  1692.  All  Jacobites  were 
commanded  to  submit  to  William  III.  by 
the  end  of  December,  1691.  M^Ian  was 
detained  by  a  heavy  fall  of  snow,  and  sir 
John  Dabymple,  the  master  of  Stair,  sent 
captain  Campbell  to  make  an  example  of 
"  the  rebel." 

*«*  Talfourd  has  a  drama  entitled 
Glencoe  or  the  Fail  of  the  McDonalds, 

Olendale  (Sir  Richard),  a  papist 
conspirator  witn  Rcdganntlet. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  JRedgauntlet  (time,  George  III.). 

Qlendin'nine  (Elspeth)  or  Elspsth 
Brtdonk  (2  8y*')y  widow  of  Simon 
Glendinning  of  the  Tower  of  Glendeurg* 


GLENDINNING. 


888 


glOok. 


ffalbert  and  Edward  Qlendmnmg^  tont 
of  Eltpeth  Glendinning.— Sir  W.  Scatt» 
The  Monastery  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Qlendm*mM  (Sir  ffalbert),  the  knight 
of  Avenel,  hiiBtMuid  of  lady  Maiy  of 
Avenel  (2  8yL),—Hii  W.  Scott,  The  Abbot 
(time,  EUzabetlO* 

Qlendo'veer',  plu.  Otend<meer8y  the 
moift  heantifol  m  the  good  spirits  of 
Hindil  mytfaologj. 

•  •  •  IBCBHMO'WnL 

VW  lof«M«t  Of  aO  of  iMMiitr  bMh. 


Qlendow'er  (Otom).  a  Welsh  noble^ 
man,  deseended  from  Liewellyn  (last  of 
the  Welsh  kings).  Sir  Edmnnd  Mor- 
timer married  one  of  his  danghters. 
Shakespeare  makes  him  a  wisard,  but 
ye^  highly  accomplished. — Shakespeare, 
1  ffewry  Jr»  (1697). 

Qlangar^.  So  McDonald  of  Glen- 
garry (who  gave  in  his  adhesion  to 
William  III.)  u  geneiaUy  called. 

Qlenpro'sinff  {The  M  lady),  a 
neighbour  of  old  Jasper  Tellowley.— Sir 
W.  Scott,  The  Pirate  (time,  William 
III.). 

Qlenthom  (Lord),  tlM  hero  of  Miss 
Edgeworth's  novel  called  ii^MMiC  Spoiled 
by  indolence  and  bad  education,  he 
succeeds,  by  a  oonrse  of  self-discipline,  in 
curing  his  mental  and  moral  &nlts,  and 
in  becoming  a  osefiil  member  of  society 
(1809). 

nMkMoiyortofd  <nMttMniaibfii  •  iMkliig  pletan 
«f  $mnm4,  tfA  cootiJM  mwm  oevllMrt  AMnmtiom»~k 


Olen-varloch  (Lord),  or  Nigel 
Olifannt,  the  hero  of  Scott^s  novel  called 
The  Fortunes  of  Nigel  (time,  James  1.). 

Glinter,  the  palace  of  Foresti  "the 
peace-maker,"  son  of  Balder.  It  was 
raised  on  pHiars  of  gold,  and  had  a  silver 
roof. 

Gloria'na,  "the  greatest  glorious 
queen  of  Faery-land.** 


BxCnorinw  I  inaan  [frM«)  Glorjrto  mr  tenana  IntMitian, 
bat  in  mjr  paitkolar  1  concelT*  the  iDott  •u$Umi  and 
^oriout  pcnon  of  oar  wrerdiDi  tb*  qoMO  [KHmhHhl 
and  bar  Idovloin  b  Pa(>rya4aod.-«|Maaar,  Imtndmatim 
Co  Tkt  .#ls*y  Qmoom  <1C0O). 

Qlorious  John,  John  Dryden 
(1631-1701). 

OloriouB  Preaoher  (The),  St. 
John  ChryB08tom.(i.e.  John  QoldetmumUu 
564-407) 


aiory  {Old),  sir  Frands  Bwdett 
(1770-1844). 

Qlory  Hole,  a  cupboatd,  ottonaiiy 
box,  or  other  receptacle^  where  any- 
thing may  be  thrown  for  tne  nonce  to  gd 
it  out  of  sight  rapidly.  A  cupboard  at 
the  head  of  a  stairoasef  or  brooms,  etc.,  is 
so  called. 

OlOflSin  {Mr,  Gilbert),  a  lawyer,  who 
purchases  the  Ellangowan  estat^  and  is 
convicted  by  counsellor  Fleydell  of 
kidnapping  Henry  Bertnmd  &e  heb. 
Both  Clossin  and  Dirk  Hattenick,  hia 
accomplice,  are  sent  to  prison,  and  in  the 
night  Hatteraick  first  strangles  the  lawyer 
and  then  hangs  himself.— ^ir  W.  Scotty 
Quy  Mannering  (time,  Geoige  II.). 

Qlouoe8t«r  {The  duke  of),  brother  <gt 
Charles  II.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Woodstock 
(time.  Commonwealth). 

Olouoester  (Richard  duke  of),  in  the 
court  of  kinjEp  Edward  lY.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Anne  of  Geierstein  (time,  Edward  IT.). 

(flovceeter  {The  «iW  o/),  in  the  court 
of  king  Henry  II.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Tha 
Betrothed  (time,  Henry  11.). 

Qlover  {Simon),  the  old  glover  of 
Perth,  and  father  of  the  "  fair  maid." 

Catharine  Glover,  "the  fair  maid  of 
Perth,'*  daughter  of  Simon  the  glover, 
and  subsequently  bride  of  Henry  Smiifc 
the  armourer.— ^ir  W.  Soott,  /«nr  Makl 
of  Perth  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

Olover  {ffeins),  the  betrothed  of  Trud- 
chen  [i.e.  (^ertrudej  Pavilion,  daughter 
of  the  svndic's  wife.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
QufiUin  Durward  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Qlowrowrum  {The  old  lady),  a 
friend  of  Magnus  Troil.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
The  Pirate  (time,  WUliam  lU.). 

aiubdub'drib,  the  land  of  aoieerett 
and  magicians,  where  Gulliver  was 
shown  many  of  the  great  men  of 
antiouity.  — Swift,  GuUiter's  TVwntU 
(1726). 

Glliok,  a  German  musical  composer, 
matly  patronized  by  Bfarie  Antoinette. 
Young  France  set  up  against  him  the 
lUIian  Piccini.  Between  1774  and  1780 
every  street,  coffee-house,  school,  and 
drawing-room  in  Paris  canvassed  tha 
merits  of  these  two  composers,  not  on 
the  score  of  their  respective  taloits,  but  as 
the  representatives  of  the  German  and 
Italian  schools  of  music  The  fwi^rwm 
of  the  German  school  were  eaUed  Qltdc- 


GLUMDALCA. 


S89 


GOD. 


Italum  school 


Ah  doit  eoorooocr  Po||«mler 
Done  entiv  <attck  at  roednl 
Dnrtle  PwnHHcatfMmiL 
Van  HUtlent  ee  qae  rautra  nla^ 
Kt  CUo  vani  baura  Umnle. 
ywr.aoi.qnl  aaim  touta  onnH 
fIfcifcrtwJu  que  Baboae 
iriiiriiiiiiil  nodid  Bi  Ginek. 
J«  d>  oonaab  rtan  ;  offo  GIfUk. 

^J^  A  nmilAr  contest  ntged  in  IQig** 
land  between  tbe  BoDoneioistB  and 
Hudeluts.  The  prince  of  Wales  was 
tbe  leader  «f  ilie  Haadd  or  German 
party,  and  the  duke  of  Mariborongfa  of 
the   Sononeiai  or  Italian  schooL    (4^ 


QlnTndidea»  qpeen  of  the  giants, 
captire  in  the  coort  of  king  Arthur. 
The  king  cast  lore-fflances  at  her,  and 
made  qneen  DoUalloUa  jealous ;  but  the 
gianteM  loved  lord  Grizzle,  and  lord 
Grizzle  loved  the' princess  Honcamnncai 
land  Hoscamonca  loved  the  valiant  Tom 
'Thamb.^Tom  Tkimby  by  Fielding  tht 
novelist  (17S0),  altered  by  O^Hanu  author 
of  Midas  (1778). 

Olnxn^-dal'clit^  a  girl  nine  yean 
old  '^and  only  forty  fleet  high.**  Being 
raeh  a  "UtUe  tiunf^^  the  ehaige  ^ 
Gmllrrer  was  committed  to  her  during 
hia  Bojoom  ia  fixobdingnag,r— Swift.. 
GuUwer'8  TraveU. 


Popa 

GKimmui,  the  male  population  of 
the  immnary  country  NosmnbdBgrstttt, 
visited  by  Pteter  Wilkins.  The  glumms^ 
like  tbe  females,  called  sawrevs  (a.t>.)» 
had  wings,  which  served  both  for  ilving 
and  dreaa.->R.  Pultock,  Petgr  WHkim 
(1750). 

Olutton  (2^),  Titellius  the  Boman 
enpesor  n>om  a.i>.  15,  reigned  69,  died 
O).  Visiting  tbe  field  after  the  battle  of 
Beddae,  in  Gaul,  he  exclaimed,  **  The  body 
9t  a  dead  enemy  is  a.delightful  perfume.^ 

*«*  Oiarles  IX.  of  France,  when  he 
went  in  grand  procession  to  visit  the 
cibbet  OB  wfaidi  admiral  Coligny  was 
aaaging^  had  the  wretched  heaitlessness 
to  cxdann,  in  doggerel  verser 

'aumllMrgw 


Ohatom  (TV),  (Sabius  Ajpidw,  who 
Cved  during  the  reign  of  Tiberius.  He 
spent  £800,000  on  the  luxuries  of  the 
table,  and  when  only  £80,000  of  his  largfi 
tfittaae  remained,  he  hanged  himself^   | 


thinking  death  preferable  to  **  ftaintfoii 
on  such  a  miserable  pittance." 

Qua,  the  messenger  of  Fiigga.— 
Soandmaoian  Mythology, 

Ck>at8.     The  Pleiades  are  called  in 

Spain  The  Seven  Little  Goats, 

_  So  It  happoMd  that  va  paMd  doao  to  tha  flanran  litda 
QoatL-CervaMH.  Jkm  ^iHmau,  IL  lU.  S  QtU^ 

*«*  Sancho  Panza  affirmed  tiluit  two 
of  toe  goats  were  of  a  green  colour,  two 
carnation,  two  blue,  and  one  motley  ; 
••but,"  he  adds,  "no  he-goat  or  cuckold 
ever  passes  beyond  tiie  horns  of  the 
moon.*' 

Gk>at8noBe,  a  prophet,  bom  deaf  and 
dumb,  who  uttered  nis  predictions  by 
signs.— Babelais,  Pantafruel,  ilL  20 
(1646). 

Gk>bbo  (Old),  the  fsther  of  Launce- 
lot.    He  was  stone  blind. 

Launoelot  Oobbo,  son  of  Old  Gobbo. 
He  left  the  service  of  Shylock  the  Jew 
for  that  of  Bassa'nio  a  Christian.  Launoe- 
lot Gobbo  is  one  of  the  famous  clowns  of 
Shakespeare.— Shakespeare.  Jftfro^ni  of 
Venice  (1698). 

Oob^Tve  (Godfrey),  ^e  assumed 
Bame  of  False  Report.  He  is  described 
as  a  dwarf,  with  ercat  head,  large  brows, 
hollow  SYes,  crooked  nose,  hairy  cheeks, 
a  pied  beard,  hanging  lips,  and  black 
teeth.  His  neek  was  short,  his  shoulders 
awry,  his  breast  faL  his  arms  long,  his 
legs  **kewed,"  and  he  rode  **brigge-a* 
bragge  on  a  little  nag.**  He  told  sir 
Grauude  Amoure  he  was  wandering  over 
the  world  to  find  a  virtuous  wife,  but 
hitherto  without  success.  Lady  Correc- 
tion met  the  narty,  and  commanded 
Gobilyve  (8  sjy/.)  to  be  severely  beaten 
for  a  lying  varlet. — Stephen  Hawes,  The 
Passe-tyme  of  Pleswe,  xxix.,  xxxi., 
SExxii.  (1610). 

Gobaeok,  a  grasping  money-lender, 
the  hero  and  title  ofone  of  Balaao's  novels^ 

Gk)d. 

Full  of  the  gody  full  of  wine,  partly 
intoxicated. 

God  made  the  oountry.  and  man  made 
the  totwi.— Cowper's  Huh  ("  The  Sofa  "). 
Yarro,  in  his  2>0  i20  Sustica,  has :  "  Divina 
Natura  agros  dedit,  an  humana  adificavit 
nibes." 

Qod  sides  with  the  strongest.  Napoleon 
L  saidf  "Le  bon  Dieu  est  toujours  du 
cot^  des  gros  bataillons.*^  Julius  Csesar 
made  tiie  same  remark. 


GOD^  TABLE. 


190      GOETZ  YON  BERUCHINGElf^. 


> 


God'a  Table.  The  Koran  infomM 
«•  that  God  hat  written  down,  in  what  is 
called  "The  Preaenred  TaUe,"  ercry 
ertfit,  paat^  present,  and  to  come,  from 
tike  beginning  to  the  end  of  time.  Tha 
BOft  minnte  are  not  omitted  (ch.  tL). 

God'a  T&ken,  a  peculiar  emption  on 
tiie  fkin;  a  certain  mdication  of  death 
in  thoM  afflicted  with  the  plagae. 

Wim  Mmt  mmd  mUtktrm  FmU  tl«U|L 


Godam,  a  nickname  applied  by  the 
French  to  the  Knglirfi,  in  allusion  to  a 
once  popolar  oath. 

Godfrey  {de  Bouillon),  the  ehosen 
chief  of  the  allied  crusaders,  who  went 
to  wrest  Jemsalem  from  the  hands  of  the 
Saracens.  He  was  calm,  cireomspect, 
prudent,  and  brare.  Godfrey  despised 
''  worldly  empire,  wealth,  and  fune." — 
Tasso,  JenuaUm  Delivered  (1575). 

Godfrey  (Sir  Edmondbwry).  a  magis- 
trate Killed  oy  the  papists.  He  was  rery 
actiTe  in  laying  bare  their  nefimous 
schemes,  and  his  body  was  found  pierced 
with  his  own  sword,  in  1678.^^ir  W. 
Scott,  PeverU  of  the  Peak  (time,  Charles 
II.). 

*«*  Dryden  calls  sir  Edmondbuiy 
"AfiMT,*'  and  Dr.  Titus  Gates  he  calls 


-Agaff," 


Oorab  mldit  for  Aoc**  mariar  taM, 
In  larau  «  eoane  «  SuMiel  oHd  to  I 

AktattmmmdAvkifrkut,  L  iWBj, 

Godfrey  (ifiM),  an  heiress,  daughter  of 
an  Indian  gorenuw. — Sam.  Foote,  The 
Liar  (17«1). 

God'inei  (Doctor),  a  schoolmaster, 
"the  most  expert  flogger  in  Oviedo" 
[Ov^,a',do],  He  taught  Gil  Bias,  and 
"in  six  years  his  worthy  pupil  under- 
stood a  little  Greek,  and  was  a  tolerable 
LaUn  scholar.**— Lesage,  Git  Bias,  L 
(1715). 

Godi'va  or  Godffiftu  wife  of  earl 
Leofric.  The  tale  is  that  she  b^ged  her 
husband  to  remit  a  certain  tax  which 
oppressed  the  people  of  Coventry.  Leofric 
said  he  would  do  so  only  on  one  con- 
dition— that  she  would  ride  naked  through 
the  city  at  midday.  So  the  lady  gave 
orders  that  all  people  should  shut  up 
their  windows  and  doors;  and  she  rode 
naked  through  the  town,  and  delivered 
the  people  from  the  tax.  The  tale 
further  says  that  all  the  people  did  as  the 
lady  bade  them  except  Peeping  Tom, 
who  looked  out,  and  was  struck  mind. 

%*  This  legend  is  told  at  length  by 
Diftyton  in  hU  Polyolbkm^  xiii.  (1618;. 


Godless  Floriiui»  English  tw» 
shilling  pieces  issued  by  Shiel  wheo 
master  of  the  mint.  He  was  a  Roman 
Catholic,  and  left  out  F.  D.  {defender  of 
the  faith)  from  the  legend.  Tney  were 
issued  and  called  in  the  same  y< 
(1849). 


Godmancheeter 
Hantmgdon 


Hogs      and 


Godmer,   a  British  giant, 
Albion,  slain  by  Canu'tns  one  of 
companions  of  Brute. 


of 

tiM 


Whkk 
Onmti 
Aibold 


b— iWoftiHiiM 
Infate 
btrtoTldB 


aisaspi. 


Goemot  or  Gk>€]nagot,  a  Britidi 
giant,  twehro  cubits  high,  and  of  sncli 
prodigious  strength  that  ne  could  pull  up 
a  full-gTOwn  oak  at  one  tn^.  Same  as 
Gogmagog  (q,v.). 


fHUval  to  Um  flodi  .'  .  .  this  glMU.  wltfa  tvaatr 

hli  f"nninlot.  cMne  !•  opou  Iht 

he  BMrft  >  Jtwuiftil  daa^tOm ;  but 

UDad  IliMfi  0nrj  one  bat 

pwerftd  •■«•.  oat  ot  •  darira  !•  •«  a 

tb«  claDt  Md  Corineui.  wbo  look  dallgbt  la  neb  •»- 

ooantan.  .  .  .  CorineateafrM  bin  lo  IM  top  ot  m  h|(h 

rock.  Md  tasad  hiai  iolo  tbo  tBa.    Owli^i.  JrtNMb 

iriKory.  L  IS  (Utf). 

GoSmagot'$  Leap  tut  "  Lam  Goftnagot,** 
now  called  Haw,  near  Plymouth;  the 
place  where  the  giant  fell  when  Corin'- 
eus  (8  sv/.)  tossed  him  down  the  craggy 
rocks,  by  whidi  be  was  mangled  to 
pieces. — GeofErey,  BritiMh  HiUory,  L  16 
(1142). 

*«*  Southey  calls  the  word  Lamr^ee- 
magog.    (See  Goomaooo.) 

Goer'yyl,  sister  of  prince  Madoc, 
and  daughter  of  Owen  late  king  of  North 
Wales.  She  accompanied  her  brother  to 
America,  and  formed  one  of  the  colon^r 
of  Caer-madoc,  south  of  the  Missouri 
(twelfth  centcury).  —  Southey,  Madoe 
(1805). 

Goeta    Ton    BerUohingen,   or 

Gottfried  of  the  Iron  Hand,  a  Jbmous 
German  bwr^ve,  who  lost  his  right 
hand  at  the  siege  of  Landshot.  The  iron 
hand  which  replaced  the  one  he  had  lost 
is  still  shown  at  Jaxthansen,  the  place  of 
his  birth.    Gottfried  took  a  prominent 

Skrt  in  the  wars  of  independence  against 
e  electors  of  Brandenbeig  and  Bayarisy 
in  the  sUteenth  century  (1480-1562>. 


GOFFB. 


891 


GOLD  OF  TOLOSA. 


^^^  Goethe  has  made  this  the  title  and 
■al^eei  of  an  historical  drama. 

QaSb  (Capiam),  captain  of  the  pirate 
▼Msel.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Pirate  (time, 
WUliam  III.). 

QogTy  accozding  to  Ezek.  xxxviii., 
xxxiii.,  was  '* prince  of  Magog**  (a 
coonteT'  o'  people).  Calmet  says  Cam- 
hj*^m  hine  of  Persia  is  meant;  but 
others  thimc  Antiochos  Epiph'an^  is 
alluded  to. 

Qog^  In  Reo.  xx.  7-9,  means  Anti- 
christ. G<^  and  Magog,  in  conjunc- 
ta<m,  mean  all  princes  of  the  earth  who 
are  enemies  of  the  Christian  Church. 

*^  Sale  says  Gog  is  a  Turkish  tribe. 
— M  Kcrdm,  xvili.  note. 

Qog  and  Magog:.  Prester  John, 
in  his  letter  to  Manuel  ComnCnus,  em- 
peror of  Constantinople,  speaks  of  Gog 
and  Magog  as  two  separate  nations 
tdbntaiy  to  him.  These,  with  thirteen 
ethers,  he  says,  are  now  shut  up  behind 
iaaeoessible  mountains,  but  at  the  end  of 
Uw  world  they  will  be  let  loose,  and 
OTeirun  the  whole  eartii.  —  Albericus 
Trinm  Fontiom,  Ckrcmclee  (1242). 

Sale  tells  us  that  Gog  and  Magog  are 
esUed  by  the  Arabs  "  Yajui "  and  *^Ma- 
juj,"  which  are  two  nations  or  tribes 
dfscended  from  Japhet,  son  of  Noah. 
Gog,  according  to  some  authorities,  is  a 
Tarkida  tribe:  and  Magog  is  the  tribe 
called  "  Gilia  **  by  Ptolemy,  and*"  Geli " 
or  "  Gel»  **  by  Strabo.— ^/  Xordn,  xviu. 
note. 

Respecting  the  re-appearance  of  (jog 
and  lugog,  the  Koran  says:  "  They  [<Atf 
d^od]  shall  not  return  ...  till  Gog  and 
Magog  have  a  passage  opened  for  them, 
aad  uey  [the  dead]  shall  hasten  from 
eroT  high  nill,**  ie,  the  resurrection  (ch. 
xxL). 

Gog  ami  Magog,  The  two  statues  of 
Gnildhall  so  caUed  are  in  reality  the 
statncs  of  Gogmagog  or  GoSmagot  and 
Corineoa,  refened  to  in  the  next  arUcle. 
(See  also  Coiuheob.)  The  Albion  giant 
is  known  by  his  pole-axe  and  spiked  oall. 
Two  statues  so  called  stood  on  the  same 
spot  in  the  reign  of  Henry  V. ;  but  those 
now  seen  were  made  by  Richard  Saunders, 
in  17<^  and  are  fourteen  feet  in  height. 

1b  Boo^i  tiBM,  chfldrao  and  eooDtiT  rUton  were  toU 

4V.  vhM  dM  gluito  iMwd  Om  dock  atrUw 

tr  CMM  down  to  dbUMT.— OM  mmd  JTmv 

L 


Qog^JOB^O^,  king  of  the  Albion  giants, 
eighteen  feet  m  height,  killed  by  Corin 
in  a  wrestling  match,  ana  flung  by  bim 
over  the  Hoe  or  Haw  of  Plymouth.  For 
this  achievement,  Brute  gave  his  follower 
aU  that  horn  of  land  now  called  Corn- 
wall, Cor*n[w]all,  a  contraction  of  Corin- 
aU.  The  contest  is  described  by  Drayton 
in  his  Foiyolbion,  i.  (1612). 

Vta  that  uniiiovsd 
Mood  OorincQc,  ttM  ain  of  Oaendoleii, 

■rappUnf  with  U*  monstmua  eattmf, 
brute  faatoMi  hold  aloft,  and  bon. 


Another  tale  was  that  they  then  fell 
tatl  of  each  other  in  angry  combat. 


Hothel 

And  hflMUonghnrlod.  all  ■battered  to  the  Ma, 
Down  (mm  the  rack't  high  Hnmnit,  Mnee  that  day 
CkUad  Lan'-aauaa'soc. 

Bouthij,  Joam  ^  Art,  vllL  SH. 

Spenser  throws  the  accent  of  Corineus 
on  the  second  syllable,  Southey  on  the 
first,  while  Drayton  makes  it  a  word  of 
four  syllables,  and  accents  the  third. 

GojK'magog  Hill,  the  higher  of  the 
two  hills  some  three  miles  south-east  of 
Cambridge.  It  once  belonged  to  the 
Balsham  Hills,  but,  **  being  rude  and 
bearish,  regarding  neither  God  nor  man,'* 
it  was  named  in  reproach  Gogmagog. 
The  l^end  is  that  this  Gogmagog  Hill 
was  once  a  huge  giant,  who  foil  in  lovo 
with  the  nymph  Grants,  and,  meeti^ig 
her  alone,  told  ner  all  his  heart,  saying: 

"  Bw«etlng  aaiDO,  if  thou  mine  own  wilt  be, 
IVe  manr  a  ptntly  gaud  I  heep  Id  •tore  for  thee : 
A  neit  oc  braad4heed  oirii.  and  ffoodly  orefalns  too 
(Nay.  nrmph,  taka  heed  of  me.  when  I  begin  to  wot^  ; 
And  belter  tut  than  tittt.  abulchfai  two  jraars  oM. 
A  cnrled-pate  calf  it  k.  and  olt  could  have  been  aold; 
And  jret  beiidee  all  thk,  fre  goodly  bear-whelpe  twar. 
FuB  dalntr  for  mjr  Jo/  when  she'i  dispoeed  to  pfaqr ; 
Aad  twenqr  aova  of  taad  to  aaka  our  wedding  rt^;* 

but  tiie  saucy  nymph  only  mocked  the 

B'ant,  and  told  his  love    story  to  the 
uses,  and  all  made  him  their  jest  and 
Xrt   and    laughter.  —  Drayton,    Po/v- 
yn,  xxL  (1622). 

Gk>itre. 

When  we  were  hoyi^ 
Who  would  believe  that  there  were  mouncalnean 
Dew-bkpp'd  like  buBa,  whoee  throafei  had  hnni^  at  'ca 
WaUetior  kdit 

Shakaqwar*.  Tk«  Tmngmtt,  act  III.  ■&  8  (UOS). 

Gk>ld  of  Nibelnngen  {The)^  un- 
lucky wealth.  <*To  have  the  gold  of 
Nibelungen**  is  to  have  a  possession 
which  seems  to  bring  a  curse  with  it. 
The  uncle  who  murdered  "the  babes  in 
the  wood  '*  for  their  estates  and  money, 
ffot  the  "gold  of  Nibelimgen;**  nothing 
from  that  moment  went  well  Mrith  him — 
his  cattle  died,  his  crops  failed,  his  bams 
were  destroyed  by  fire  or  tempest,  and 
he  was  reduced  to  uttor  nun.  (See 
NiBELUNGRH.) — Icelandic  Edda, 

Gold  of  Tolo'sa  {The),  Ul  gains, 
which  never  prosper.    The  reference  is 


GOLD  POURED,  ETC. 


892 


GOLDEN  MOUTH. 


to  Cnpio  the  Rornnn  consul,  who,  on  his 
inarch  to  Gallia  Narbonensis,  stole  from 
Toloea  (Toulouie)  the  gold  and  silver 
consecrated  bv  the  Cimbrian  Dmids  to 
tiieir  gods.  He  was  utterly  defeated  by 
the  Cimbrians,  and  some  112,000  Romans 
were  left  dead  on  the  field  of  battle  (B.O. 
106). 

Gold  Poured  down  the  Throat. 
Marcus  Licin'ias  Crassns,  sumamed  ^*The 
Rich,"  one  of  the  first  Roman  triumvirate, 
tried  to  make  himself  master  of  Parthia, 
but  being  defeated  and  brought  captive 
to  Oro'des  king  of  Parthia,  he  was  put  to 
death  by  having  molten  gold  poured  down 
his  throat  "  Sate  thy  greea  with  this/* 
said  Orod§s. 

Manlius  Nepos  Aqnilius  tried  to  restore 
the  kings  of  Bithynia  and  Cappado'cia, 
dethroned  by  Mitfaiiidfttls,  but  being  un- 
successful and  made  prisoner,  he  was  put 
to  death  by  M ithridatds  by  molten  gold 
poured  down  his  throat. 

In  hell,  the  avaricious  are  punished  in 
Uie  same  way,  according  to  the  Shep^ 
hearde't  Calendar » 

And  Iadl«i  ftiU  or  iMlted  sou 
Wflra  pound  adown  tlMlr  throats. 

Tk0  DmU  MmCt  Bcmg  (ISTt). 

QoPdemar  (King),  a  house-spirit, 
sometimes  called  king  Yollmar.  He 
lived  three  years  with  Neveling  von 
Hardenberg,  on  the  Hardenstein  at  the 
Ruhr,  and  the  chamber  in  which  he  lived 
is  still  called  Yollmar's  chamber.  This 
house-s|>irit.  though  sensible  to  the  touch, 
was  invisible.  It  played  beautifully  on 
the  harp,  talked  freely,  revealed  secrets, 
and  played  dice.  One  day,  a  person  de- 
termmed  to  discover  its  whereabouts, 
but  Goldeniar  cut  him  to  pieces  and 
cooked  the  different  parts.  Never  after 
this  was  there  any  trace  of  the  spirit. 
The  roasted  fragments  disappeared  in  the 
Lorrain  war  in  1G51,  but  the  pot  in  which 
the  man*s  head  was  boiled  was  built  into 
the  kitchen  wall  of  Neveling  von  Harden- 
berg, where  it  remains  to  tois  day. — ^Von 
Stemen,  Oerman  MytKology^  477. 

Oolden  Abb  (The),  a  romance  in 

Latin  by  Apule'ius  (4  «y/.)*  ^^  i>  ^^^ 
adventures  of  Lucian,  a  young  man  who 
had  been  transformed  into  an  ass  but  still 
retained  his  human  consciousness.  It 
tells  us  the  ndseries  which  he  suffered  at 
the  hands  of  robbers,  eunuchs,  magis- 
trates, and  so  on.  till  the  time  came  for 
him  to  resume  his  proper  form.  It  is 
full  of  wit,  racy  humour^  and  rich  fancy, 
and  contains  the  exquisite  episode  of 
Copid  and  Ps/chd  (tks.  iv.,  v.,  vL). 


(This  veiy  famous  satire,  together  with 
the  Aslnua  of  Lucian,  was  fomided  oo  a 
satire  of  the  same  name  by  Lucius  of 
Patne,  and  has  been  imitated  in  modem 
times  by  Niccolo  Machiavelli.  T.  Tinrlor, 
in  1822,  published  a  translation  of  the 
AtMreus  Asinus;  and  sir  G.  Head,  in  1851. 
Laf  ontaine  has  an  imitation  of  the  episode ; 
and  Mrs.  Tighe  turned  it  into  Spenserian 
verse  in  1805.) 

*«*  Boccaccio  has  borrowed  largely 
firom  The  Golden  ^5«.and  the  inddenta 
of  the  robbers  in  Gil  Bias  are  taken  from 
it 

Gk>lden  Dragon  of  Bruges  {The), 
The  golden  dragon  was  taken  in  one  of 
the  crusades  from  Uie  church  of  St.  Sopbi& 
at  Constantinople,  and  placed  on  the  bdfrr 
of  Bruges,  but  Philip  van  Artevelde  Qt 
syL)  transported  it  to  Ghent,  wbeie  it 
still  adorns  the  belfry. 
WW  grait  Artawldo  vidorioni  mis  tho  GoldM 

Gk>lden  Fleeoe  (The),  the  fleece  of 
the  ram  which  transported  Phryxos  to 
Colchis.  When  Phryxos  arriv^  there, 
he  sacrificed  the  ram  and  ^ve  the  fleeco 
to  king  iEet^s,  who  hung  it  on  a  sacred 
oak.  It  was  stolen  by  Jason,  in  hia 
*^  Argonautic  expedition.** 

The  Golden  Fleece  of  ihe  North,  For 
and  peltry  of  Siberia  is  so  called. 

Oolden  Fountain  ( 77^),  a  fountain 
which  ia  twenty-four  hours  would  convert 
any  metal  or  mmeial  into  gold. — R.  John- 
son, The  Seven  Champkmt  of  Chrigtemdom^ 
ii.  4  (1617). 

Oolden  G^ite  of  Constantinoi^ 
added  by  Theodosius  to  Constantine*a 
wall.  It  consists  of  a  triumphal  ardi, 
surmounted  with  a  bronxe  statue  of 
Victory.  The  gate  is  amply  deoorated 
with  gilt  ornaments  and  inscriptiona.— > 
See  (hunt  Bdbert  of  Paris,  ii.,  by  air  W. 
Scott. 

Oolden  Horn  (7^),  the  inlet  of 
the  Bosphdrus  on  whidi  Cooataotinoplc 
stands  ;  so  called  fipcnn  its  shape  «mI 
beauty. 

Gk>lden  Iiegenda  (TTieh  a  collection 
of  hagiology,  made  in  the  thirteoilJh 
century  by  James  de  Voragine,  a  Domini- 
can. The  legends  consist  of  177  sections, 
each  of  whitm  is  devoted  to  a  particular 
saint  or  festival,  arranged  in  the  order  of 
the  calendar. 

Oolden   Mouth.  St  ChiyMMtooi 


(K)U>£K  STATU. 


GOMSa 


^M7-407).      The   nune    is    ttie    Gnak 
dbiuM  MtOma^  "gold  numth.** 

Ck^den  State  (2%«),  California,  in 


Golden  Stream  (I^),  Joannes  Da- 
*—*•"-  (died  75e). 


- ^Jdmwt^wigued  {The)^  SI.  Peter 
<tf  BaTcnna  (4^-450).  Our  eqniTalent 
k  a  free  transla^n  of  tiie  Greek  cArv- 
sril'ivw  (cAriMos /090s,  "  goW  discourse  »*). 

Gfolden  Valley  (7^),  the  eastern 
portion  of  Limerick;  so  called  from  its 
great  fertility. 

€k>kien  Water  (7^).  One  drop  of 
tkb  water  dropped  into  the  basin  of  a 
foantain  would  fill  it,  and  then  throw  np 
a  iet  (TeoM  of  exquisite  device.  It  was 
caUed  <'^lden**  because  the  water  looked 
like  liqud  eold.— ^ra6uni  Nights  ("  The 
Two  SMtersr"  the  last  tale). 

%•  In  Oiery  and  Faintar^  by  the 
eosnteaae  D* Annoy,  the  "golden  water" 
iscaHed  " tbe  dancing  water.** 

Ooldflxudl  {(^arte8\  a  vnlgar,  horsy 
fellow,  impodent  and  insolent  in  manner, 
who  flirts  with  Widow  Warrm,  and  con- 
qaies  with  her  and  the  Jew  Silky  to 
destroy  Mr.  Warren*s  will.  By  this  will 
the  widow  was  left  £600  a  year,  but  the 
bulk  of  the  property  went  to  Jack  Uilf  ord 
his  natmal  son,  and  Sophia  FieeloTe  the 
dangkter  of  Widow  Warren  by  a  former 
(See  Bbaglr.) 

ikw.  inintlftiltw  >  ilnp  wllw.  Vm 
n«  SiMrf  Co  Atln.  iC  1  (ITSSK 

Cloldiebirds  (J£»frs.),  creditors  of 
■ir  Arthur  Wardoor.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
AMiiqmary  (time,  (^rge  III.). 

Oold-xnine  {The)  or  Miller  of 
€lTeiio1>le,  a  drama  by  £.  Stirling 
(18*4).     (  For  the  plot,  see  Simoji .) 

Oold-znine  of  Suroi>e  {The), 
TmnsyWaaia  was  once  so  called ;  but 
file  sapply  of  gold  obtained  therefrom 
has  now  very  greatly  diminished. 

Oold-minae  {Kmg  of  the),  a  powerftil, 
hndsoinn  prinoe,  who  was  jast  about  to 
nany  the  princess  All-Fair,  when  Yellow 
Dwarf  djumed  her  as  his  betrothed,  and 
earned  her  to  Steel  Castle  on  a  Spanish 
cat.  A  good  syren  gave  the  betrothed 
kin^  a  diankond  sword  to  secure  All-Fair's 
deltvemaee ;  but  after  overcoming  every 
obstacle,  he  was  so  delighted  at  seeing 
her,  that  he  dropped  his  sword.  In  a 
Boment  Yellow  Dwarf  snatched  it  up, 
and  stabbed  his  rival  to  the  heart.    The 


king  of  the  (>old-mnies  and  AU-Fair  were 
both  changed  into  two  palm  trees.— 0>m. 
^^'A»^,  Fairy  faU%  ("The  YeUow 

Gk>ld-pur8e  of  Spain.  Andalu'- 
cia  is  BO  called  because  it  is  the  city  from 
which  Spain  derives  its  chief  wealth. 

Goldsmith  {Okker), 

Wk»«iM»UkaaaMsri,MMi  tidkad  SIm  aoor  poS. 

DatM  QAiTlek. 

OoldrntfUh  {JSen.J.y,  one  of  the  many 
nseudonyms  adopted  by  sir  Richard 
rhilfaps,  m  a  series  of  school  books. 
Some  other  of  his  false  names  were  the 
^.  David  BUir,  James  Adair,  Rev.  C. 
Clarke,  etc.,  with  noted  French  names 
for  educational  French  books. 

(Goldsmith's  Monument,  in  West- 
minster Abbey,  is  by  NoUekens. 

Gold'thred  (Lawrence),  mercer,  near 

CumnorPhwe.— SirW.Soott  Kemiworth 
(time,  Elizabeth). 

€k>ld'y.  Ohver  (Joldsmith  wss  so 
sailed  by  Dr.  Johnson  (1728-1774). 

Gol'ffotha  ("  the  pkue  of  a  tkvil  -),  a 
small  elevated  spot  north-west  of  Jero- 
salem^  where  criminals  were  executed. 
Used  m  poetry  to  signify  a  battle-field  or 
place  of  great  slaughter. 

beepc  tb<gr  meuit  to  batlM  la  imUm  TPTTik 
Or  ■MOMriM  aootlMr  GolpoClML  — 

flhakaq>cM«.  itmehta.  wdt  L  H.  sa«06). 

♦«*  In  the  University  of  CTambridge, 
the  dons'  gallery  in  Great  St.  Mary's  is 
called  '*(^lgotha"  becaose  the  heads  of 
the  colleges  sit  there. 

Qol'gotha  {The  City),  Temple  Bar, 
London ;  so  called  because  the  heads  of 
traitors,  etc.,  used  at  one  time  to  be  ex- 
posed there  after  decapitation.  ITiis  was 
not  done  from  any  notion  of  punishment, 
bat  simply  to  advertise  the  fact  as  a 
warning  to  evil-doers.  Temple  Bar  was 
taken  away  from  the  Stnnd  m  1878. 

Oollghtly  {Mr,),  the  fellow  who 
wants  to  borrow  bs.  in  Lend  Me  Five  ShO* 
lings,  a  farce  by  J.  M.  Morton. 

QolthOy  the  friend  of  Ul'Cnore  (8 
wL),  He  was  in  love  with  Births, 
daughter  of  lord  As'tragon  the  sage: 
but  Birtha  loved  the  duke  Gondibert. 
The  tale  being  unfinished,  the  sequel  of 
(Joltho  is  not  known.— Sir  William 
Davenant,  Gondibert  (died  1668). 

Oomer  or  Godmer,  a  British  giant, 


GOMEZ. 


894 


GOOD  REGENT. 


•lain  by  Gana'tiu  one  of  the  companioiif 
of  Bnite.    (See  GoKmot.) 

Hnn  OooMf'i  sbnt  brood  InlMblted  thb  hi*. 

Dnjtou,  P9lif9Mon,  sir.  aoS)- 

Qomez,  a  rich  banker,  60  years  of 
a^,  married  to  Elvi'ra,  a  youn^  wife. 
He  is  mean,  covetous,  and  jealoas. 
Elvi'ra  has  a  liaison  with  colonel  Lo- 
renzo, which  Dominick,  her  father  con- 
fessor, aids  and  abets ;  but  the  amonr  is 
constantly  thwarted,  and  it  turns  out  that 
Lorenzo  and  Elvira  are  brother  and  sister. 
— Dryden,  The  Spanish  i^or  (1680). 

Gon'dibert  (Du^lt  of  the  royal  line 
of  Lombardy.  Pnnce  Oswald  of  Verona, 
out  of  jealousy,  stirs  up  a  faction  fight 
against  him,  which  is  hmited  by  agree- 
ment to  four  combatants  on  each  side. 
Oswald  is  slain  bv  Gondibert,  and  Gon- 
dibert  is  cured  oi  his  wounds  by  lord 
As'tragon,  a  i^ilosopher  and  sage. 
Rhoduind,  the  only  child  of  Aril^rt 
king  of  Lombardy,  is  in  love  with  Gondi- 
ber^  and  Aribert  hopes  that  he  will 
become  his  son-in-law  and  heir,  but 
Gondibert  is  betrothed  to  Birtha.  One 
day,  while  walking  with  his  affianced 
Birllia,  a  messenger  from  the  king  comes 
post  haste  to  teU  him  that  Ari^rt  had 
publicly  proclaimed  him  his  heir,  and 
that  Khodalind  was  to  be  his  bride.  Gon- 
dibert still  told  Birtha  he  would  remain 
true  to  her,  and  gave  her  an  emerald 
ringj  which  would  turn  pale  if  his  love 
declined.  As  the  tale  was  never  finished, 
the  sequel  cannot  be  given. — Sir  W. 
Davenant,  Gondibert  (died  1668). 

Qon'eril,  eldest  daughter  of  king 
Lear,  and  wife  of  the  duke  of  Albany. 
She  treated  her  aged  father  with  such 
scant  courtesy,  that  he  could  not  live 
under  her  roof;  and  she  induced  her 
sister  Kegan  to  follow  her  example. 
SubsMuently,  both  the  sisters  fell  in  love 
with  Edmund,  natural  son  of  the  earl  of 
Gloucester,  whom  Regan  designed,  to 
marry  when  she  became  a  widow. 
Goneril,  out  of  jealousy,  now  poisoned 
her  sister,  and  **  after  slew  nerself." 
Her  name  is  proverbial  for  '*  filial  in- 
gratitude.'* —  Shakespeare,  King  Lear 
(1606). 

Gk>nin,  a  buffoon  of  the  sixteenth 
century,  who  acquired  great  renown  for 
his  clever  tricks,  and  gave  rise  to  the 
French  phrase,  un  tow  de  maitre  Ocnin 
(**  a  trick  of  Master  Gonin's  "). 

Gk>nxiella,  domestic  jester  to  the 
margrave  Nicolo  d'Este,  and  to  hit  ion 


Borso  duke  of  Ferrara.  The  horse  1m 
rode  on  was  osta  atque  peilis  totvs,  and, 
like  Rosinante,  has  become  proverbiaL 
Gonnella's  jests  were  printed  in  1506. 

Gk>n8ale8  [0<m,zalley'^f  Feman  Gos- 
salez  or  Gonsalvo,  a  Spanish  hero  of  the 
tenth  centurv,  whose  life  was  twice  saved 
by  his  wife  Suicha.  His  adventures  have 
given  birth  to  a  host  of  ballads. 

(There  was  a  Hernandez  Gonsalvo  of 
Cordova,  called  "The  Great  Captain" 
(144^-1616),  to  whom  some  of  the  ballada 
refer,  and  this  is  the  hero  of  Floriaa's 
historical  novel  entitled  Oonzalve  de  Cor- 
doue  (1791),  borrowed  from  the  Spanish 
Tomaace  called  The  Civil  Wars  of  Gra^ 
nada,  by  Gines  Perez  de  la  Hita.) 

Gonaalo,  an  honest  old  counsellor 
of  Alonso  king  of  Naples. — Shakespeare, 
The  Tempest  (1609). 

Chnxc^hf  an  ambitions  but  politic  lord 
of  Venice. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  TAs 
Laws  of  Candy  (1647). 

Gtood  Earl  (The),  Archibald  eigliili 
earl  of  Angus,  who  died  in  1588. 

Gtood  Sren^Qood  BobinHood! 
civility  extorted  bv  fear,  as  "  Good  Mr. 
Highwayman,  good  gentlemen'  **  of  Mrs* 
Hudcastle  in  her  terror. 

CbpDtnf  hb  rod  on  the  horim, 
Mo  niMi  dare  utter  a  «««d  .  .  . 
He  [fre^Myladd.  "  How  a»fyn,tBr 
«eod  even,  food  MMn  N0od. 
Skelton,  Whif  Ommtpt  net  to 


If 

Gk>od  Hoi>e  (Cape  of).  When  Bar- 
tholomew Diaz  first  discovered  this  ewe, 
in  1497,  he  called  it  <*The  Cape  of 
Storms'*  {Caho  Tormentoso)\  but  John 
11.  king  ot  Portugal  changed  the  name 
to  that  of  *'  Good  Hope.*' 

The  Euxine  Sea  {i.e,  "the  hospitable 
sea*')  was  first  called  "The  Axine  Sea** 
("  the  inhospitable'*), from  the  terrorwith 
which  it  was  viewed  by  the  early  Greeks  ; 
but  it  was  subsequently  called  by  tibe 
more  courteous  name.  However,  the  older 
name  is  the  one  which  now  generallv 
prevails ;  thus  we  call  it  in  Englim 
^*The  Black  Sea,**  and  the  Turks, 
Greeks,  and  Russians  call  it  mAospita&£^ 
and  not  hospitable. 

Qood  Man  (^4).  Count  Cassel  says, 
"  In  Italy  a  good  man  means  a  religions 
one,  in  France  a  cheerful  one,  in  Spain  a 
wise  one,  and  in  England  a  rich  one.**--> 
Incbbald,  Lovers'  Fbtr9,  ii.  2  (1800). 

Oood  Begent  {The),  James  Stoart^ 
earl  of  Murray,  regent  of  Scotland  after 
the  imprisonment  of  queen  Mary.  (Bom 
1533,  regent  1567,  assassinated  1570.) 


GOODFELLOW. 


996 


GORBODUG 


Good&Ilow  (Bobirn),  son  of  king 
Ob«nMu  When  six  years  old,  he  was  so 
.  aiMchSevons  that  his  mother  threatened 
to  whip  him,  and  he  ran  away ;  bat  tail- 
ing asleep,  his  father  told  him  he  should 
hare  anything  he  wished  for,  with  power 
to  torn  himself  into  any  shape,  so  long 
as  he  did  haim  to  none  bat  kxiaves  and 


■  to  torn  hlmwlf  tato  a  honv.  to 
he  coBViirMl  Into  a  «rei<  pfeMb  of 
Wk  llMre.  iMvUns.  m  he  Saw  off.  "Ho.  bo, 
^l      il«iAar«ai4i«entto*ewai.hoaM.  andtiiklBca 
tow  to  Ihe  aiaid.  4o«  htf  work  dnriac  the  nigbrTba 
■ttd.  VBlehtaBhtoii.  aad  ntowilm  Un  rather  bare  of 

vhb  vwmnti.  which  he  pirtsoaC. 

I'-Howhowbol"    He  next  efaanae*  binMlf  into  a 

h»-wli|^  tonUead  apartf  of  aierrjr-aiakert,  and 

■Maitheman  nigbt.be  Ml  them  at dajbrealt. 

."Ho.    Imw  hof*     At  another  time.  n«in«  a 

a  Weill wi,  be  rhangrd  IklmfeV  into  a  hare, 

_..  and  then  growtog  into  a  liom. 

taao  a  hedga^  laaghli«  "Ho.  ho,  hoi"— r»« 

( JVerry  Jm»9fMotm  goo4/ttl»w  (1980), 

r.  IStti  ^^ 


Goot^eilow  (Bcbhi)^  a  geneial  name 
for  any  domestic  smrit,  as  imp,  urchin, 
elTe,  hag,  fay,  Kit-wi^-tiie-can'stick, 
moinf  maa-i*-the-oak,  Puck,  hobgoblin, 
.Tom-tiimbler,  bog,  bogie,  Jack-o*-Untem, 
Friar's  lantern,  Will-o*-the-wisp,  Ariel, 
nixie,  kelpie,  etc.,  etc 

A  kiBpv  ktod  thaa  them  Ocnaaa  koboMa  b  tliat 
mSedwtth  ■§  Bofate  GoodfaUovs.  Unt  would  in  tboee 
a^sMtttoai  timm  grind  com  for  a  mem  of  aUk,  cot 
»»*  «rdo  aB7  manaer  of  dmdfarjr  wui*.  .  .  .  Them 
■an*  waetal  namm  .  .  .  but  we  oomnraoly  call  them 
recfca— Biwtoa.  Anatomtif  tf  Mtkmdktlg.  47. 

%•  Tlfce  Goodfellows,  being  very  na- 
Aeroos,  can  hardly  be  the  same  as  Robin 
BOO  €^  Oberon,  bat  seem  to  obtain  the 
Basse  bccanse  their  character  was  similar, 
and,  indeed,  Oberon*s  son  must  be  in- 
eladed  in  the  generic  name. 

Goodman  of  BaUen^oh,  the 
aasomed  name  of  James  Y.  of  Scotland 
when  be  made  his  disguised  visits 
through  the  districts  round  Edinburgh 
and  Stirling. 

*.*  Uaroun-al-Raschid,  Louis  XI., 
Peier  "the  Great.*'  etc.,  made  similar 
TisitB  in  disguise,  for  the  sake  of  obtain- 
ing information  by  personal  inspection. 

Ck>odman'8  Fields,  Whitechapcl, 
London.  So  called  from  a  large  farmer 
«C  the  name  of  Goodman. 

as  ttk  torn  I  mraalf  In  my  youth  have  fetched  maar 
aJmyevA  of  ail'k.  and  never  had  le«  than  Uiree  ale. 
■todi  m  wmmer  and  one  to  wtoter.  alwaiv  hot  from  the 
■loa.aBlscrBJaed.  One  Tiolop  and  afterwards  Goodman 
«■•  the  armer  thwu,  ami  luul  thirtr  or  Baity  kiae  to  the 


Qood'man  Orist,  the  miller,  a 
fri*«nd  of  the  smugglers. — Sir  W.  Scott^ 
IMjamUict  (time,  ^or^c  III.). 


CKxxlrioke  (MrX  a  catholic  prieit 
at  Middlcmas.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Tlu  Sttr^ 
geon'a  Daughter  (time,  George  II.). 

Qoodsire  (Johnnie)  ^  a  weaver,  near 
Charles's  Hope  farm.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Guy  Mcamermg  (time,  C^ige  II.). 

Goodwill,  a  man  who  had  acquired 
£10,000  by  trade,  and  wished  to  give  his 
daughter  Lucy  in  marriage  to  one  of  his 
relations^  in  order  to  keep  the  money  in 
the  family;  but  Lucy  would  not  have 
any  one  of  the  boobies,  and  made  choice 
instead  of  a  strapping  footman.  Good- 
will had  the  good  sense  to  approve  of  the 
choice.— Fielding,  Tha  Virgin  Unmasked. 

Goody*  Blake,  a  poor  old  woman 
detected  by  Harry  Gill  picking  np  sticks 
from  his  farm-land.  The  fMmer  com- 
pelled her  to  leave  them,  and  threatened 
to  punish  her  for  trespass.  Goody  Blake 
turned  on  the  lusty  yeoman,  and  said 
never  from  tiiat  moment  should  he  know 
the  blessing  of  warmth ;  and  sure  enough, 
neither  clothing,  fire,  nor  summer  sua 
ever  did  make  him  warm  again. 

No  word  to  wmy  msa  lie  atten. 
A-bed  or  op.  to  jri  aing  or  old ; 
But  ever  to  hhnaelf  he  mattera, 
"Poor  Harry  010  la  tenroold.- 
Wordsworth.  Gotdt/  BtaJt*  amd  Bmrrw  Ottt  OTIQl 

CkMxly  Palsgrave,  a  name  of  con- 
tempt ^ven  to  Frederick  V.  elcctorpala- 
tine.  He  is  also  called  the  *  *  Snow  King  ** 
and  the  "  Winter  King,"  because  the  pro- 
testants  made  him  king  of  Bohemia  in 
the  autamn  of  1619,  and  he  was  set  aside 
in  the  autumn  of  1620. 

Goody  Two-shoes,  a  nursery  tale 
supposed  to  be  by  Oliver  Goldemitb, 
written  in  1765  for  Newbery,  St.  Paul's 
Churchyard. 

Goose  Glbbie,  a  half-witted  Ud, 
first  entrusted  to  **keep  the  turkeys," 
but  afterwards  *' advanced  to  the  more 
important  office  of  minding  the  cows." — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Old  MortalUy  (time,  (diaries 

Goosey  Goderich,  Frederick 
Robinson,  created  viscount  Goderich  in 
1827.  So  caUed  by  Cobbett,  for  his  in- 
capacity  as  a  statesman  (premier  1827- 
1828). 

Gk>rnt>odue,  (Sorboduo,  or  (torbo- 
GVD,  a  mythical  British  king,  who  had 
two  sons  (Ferrex  and  Porreac)-  Ferrex 
was  driven  by  his  brother  out  of  the  king- 
dom, and  on  attempting  to  return  with 
a  large  army,  was  defeated  by  him  and 


GORBODUC. 


896 


GORMAL. 


ilaiB.  Soon  afterwards,  Porrex  himself  WM 
mtirdered  in  his  bed  by  his  own  mother, 
Widen,  who  loved  Ferrex  the  better. — 
Geoifrey,  British  History,  ii.  16  (1142). 

And  Gorbognd,  tfll  ikr  hi  jrcan  he  new ; 
When  bb  ambltkNM  MmiMi  mto  them  twayiM 
AiTumbt  the  rale,  ami  from  their  fiuher  dNW| 
Stout  Ferrex  end  stout  Pones  him  la  priMn  thrav. 

But  obi  thegKed)rtldnk<rfronncrowiie.  . . 
Stint  Porrejt  up  to  put  bta  brodier  down*; 
Who  unto  hhn  anembUng  forreigne  migbt. 
Made  vane  on  blm,  and  fell  binaelf  in  ftiht  t 
Wboee  death  t'  avenge.  Mi  mother,  meidlwe 
(Meet  mercileen  of  women.  Wrden  bight). 
Her  other  eonne  fait  rfeeplng  did  opnneH, 
Aod  with  meet  cnidl  band  hhn  mnrdred  pWle—i 
Speiuer,  JtoAy  qusm,  U.  10,  H  SB  (UPO^ 

Gorboduc,  the  first  historical  play  in 

the  language.    The  first  three  acts  by 

Thomas    Norton,  and  the  last  two  by 

Thomas  Sackville  afterwards  lord  Bnck- 

hurst  (1562).    It  is  further  remarkable 

as  being  the  father  of  Iambic  ten-syllable 

blank  verse. 

noeevholartdldtog 
b  vona  than  ehrfl  war,  the  eon>  of  Ctorbodng. 
Bntrtoo.  i^relMea,  vML  (laH, 

Gk>r^ria4E,  lord-protector  of  Ihe'ria, 
and  father  of  king  Arba'ces  (8  syL), — 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  A  King  or  No 
King  (1611). 

Gor'dius,  a  Phrygian  peasant,  chosen 
by  the  Phrygians  for  their  king.  He 
consecrated  to  Jnpiter  his  waggon,  and 
tied  the  yoke  to  the  draught-tree  so  art* 
fully  that  the  ends  of  tiie  cord  could  not 
be  discovered.  A  rumonr  spread  abroad 
that  he  who  untied  this  knot  would  be 
king  of  Asia,  and  when  Alexander  the 
Great  was  shown  it,  he  cut  it  with  his 
sword,  saying,  "It  is  thus  we  loose  our 
knots.** 

Qordon  (The  Rev,  Mr,),  chaplain  in 
Cromwell's  troop.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Wood- 
stock  (time,  Commonwealth). 

Gordon  (Lord  George),  leader  of  the 
"  No  Popery  note  "  of  1779.  Half  mad, 
but  really  well-intentioned,  he  counte- 
nanced the  most  revolting  deeds,  urged 
on  by  his  secretary  Gasbford.  Lord 
George  Gordon  died  in  jail,  1798. — C. 
Dickens,  Bamaby  Budge  (1841). 

Gordo'nluB  or  Gk>rdon  (Bernard), 
a  noted  physician  of  the  thirteenth  cen- 
tury in  tne'Rouergue  (France),  autiior  of 
Liiiwn  Medicince,  de  Morborum  prope 
Omnium  Curatione,  septem  Barticulis  J)i9- 
tributum  (Naples,  1480). 

Aad  basQordonlnt »  Uw  dlvfaie," 
In  bis  Amuoui  Uly  inf  Jledieitu  .  .  . 
Vo  l«aM4f  potent  enough  to  reetora  jrou  f 
Longfellow,  rA«  tfeUen 


Qor'gibua,  an  honest,  simple-minded 
citizen  of  middle  life,  father  of  Mad«Vea 
and  uncle  of  Cathos.  The  two  girls  huve 
had  their  heads  turned  by  novtds,  but  an 
taught  by  a  harmless  trick  to  diseem 
between  the  easy  manners  of  ft  gentle- 
man and  the  vulgar  pretensions  of  a 
lackey. — ^Molibre,  Les  Fr^cieuae*  Midi' 
culfs  (16.59). 

OorgimB,  father  of  C^e.  He  is  ahead* 
strong,  unreasonable  old  man,  who  tells 
his  daughter  that  she  is  for  ever  reading 
novels,  and  filling  her  mind  with  ridiculous 
notions  about  love.  *  *  YotM  paries  de  Dieu 
bien  moins  que  de  L^e,**  he  My^  iuid 
insists  on  her  giving  up  LcQie  for  Valfere, 
saying,  "S*il  ne  lest  amant,  il  k  sen 
mari,^  and  adds, "  L'amour  est  sourenton 
fruit  du  manage.** 

J«lea-mal  dane  le  fm  toot  em 

Qui  g*ieut  tout  lee  ioun  taat  de  Jcoaca  eeprita: 
Llm  mot.  eomme  ft  flat,  au  lieu  de  ee*  eoreetiei^ 
Lm  Qumlvatm  de  Pibtac;  H  leedadee  TahUUtt 
Dn  coneeUler  MaUMeu ;  I'oomgB  eat  de  valeai; 
Et  pelade  beaut  dlctoni  4  rfeher  pare 

MolMitk 


Qor^ols  (8  syl.),  said  by  some  to  be 
the  father  of  king  Arthur.  He  was  lord 
of  Tintf^il  Castle,  in  Cornwall ;  his  wife 
was  IgTa3me  (8  syl.)  or  Igema,  and  one 
of  his  daughters  (Bellioent)  was,  accord- 
ing to  some  authorities,  the  wif^  of  Lot 
king  of  Orkney. 

*^*  GorloTs  was  not  the  father  of 
Arthur,  althou|;h  his  wif^  (Igema  or 
Igrayne)  was  his  mother. 

Then  all  the  Ungi  aAed  Mcriln.  "  Pbr  what  eaBMlsthag 
beardlem  boy  ArOnir  made  king  t-  ••  8!n.- mM  Mcrttau 
"  becauw  he  to  king  UtbeTe  nn.  boni  in  wedlodL  .  .  . 
More  than  three  boon  after  the  deatii  of  GorioIi.dU  tto 
king  wed  Uie  fair  Ignyna.**— Maloqr.  JTiMery  V  iVlMe 
Arthur,  L  S.  6  (1470). 

[UVmr\  wae  tony  for  the  death  of  Geridb,  bat  f- 
joiotd  that  Igema  wae  now  at  Hbertjr  to  many  agnin  .  .  . 
thmr  oonlluued  to  lire  together  with  mooh  affecthm.  and 
had  a  eon  and  daughter,  wboee  namee  were  Arthur  and 
Anne.— GeoOrex.  BrUUh  Hittotv.  itt.  90  (Utt). 

*«*  It  is  quite  impossible  to  reconcile 
the  contradictory  accoimts  of  Arthur*s 
sister  and  Lot*B  wife.  Tennvson  aaja 
Bellicent,  but  the  tales  compiled  by  sir 
T.  Malory  all  give  Margaase.  Thus  in 
La  Mort  d Arthur,  i.  2,  we  read :  "  Kins 
Lot  of  Lothan  and  of  Orkeney  wedded 
Margawse  [Arthur's  sister^  (pL  L  86), 
"whose  sons  were  Gawaine,  Agravaine, 
(lahSris,  and  Gareth:*'  but  Tennyson 
says  Gareth  was  **  the  last  tall  son  of  Loi 
and  Bellicent" 

Gtor'mal,  the  mountain  range  of 
Sevo. 


Her  aim  wae  white  Uka  Gormafk  >»»> , 
wfaiier  than  the  foam  of  the  main  when  roil  the  waves 
beneath  the  wrath  of  wiada.— JVaymeiif  ^  •  Mo 
TaU. 


GOSH. 

^  Qofrii,  tiie  Bi^  Hon.  Charles 
•vbatimoty  the  most  cimfidenUal  friend 
rf  the  duke  «f  Wellmgton,  with  whom 
hclired. 

Oorfinflf  ((Wfe»),  hndlord  of  the 
Black  Bear  fan,  near  Camnor  Place. 

Gcdy  Godmg,  daughter  of  Gilet.--Sir 
W.  Scott,  Kendtoortk  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Oospel  Doctor  {Th»\  John  Wy- 
eliile  (ia24-MS4).  ^ 

Gospel  of  the  QoldenBule,  **  Do 
aa  jou  would  be  done  by,"  or  "  As  ye 
woold  that  men  should  do  to  yon,  do  ye 
also  to  them.**— Zuiltf  yi.  91. 


897 


iynAAjF. 


B«  pvMdb«d  to  aO  HMO  evafTwlMM 
Hw  Ootpd  of  th*  GoUm  liiW. 

LoagMlov.  n«  iraanMt  Iwm  (>wiuii». 

CkwpeUer  (The Hot),  Dr.  R.  Barnes, 
bonit  at  amithfield,  1640. 

Goe^sainer  {Le.  6od*8  seam  or 
thread).  The  legend  is  tiiat  gossamer  is 
the  ravellings    of   the    Vii^n    Mary*s 


which  fell  away  on  her 
intohearen. 

Goesips  {Prmce  o/),  Samuel  Pe|»ys, 
noted  for  Ins  gosBi|Mng  iHary^  commMio- 
iag  Janaary  f,  1659,  and  continiied  for 
ua  (163^1703). 


Goewin,  a  ridi  merchant  of  Bruges, 
who  is  in  reality  Florez,  son  of  Gerrard 
kiag of  the  beggars.  His  mistress,  Bertha, 
the  snpposed  daughter  of  Vandnnke  the 
baigomaatcr  of  Bruges,  is  in  reality  the 
daoglitcr  of  the  duke  of  Brabant.— 
BeuoiODt  and  Fleteh^,  The  Beggar^ 
Bmek  (1622).  ^^ 

Gotba  (TJieUutof  the),  Roderick,  the 
thirty-fourth  of  the  Yisigothic  line  of 
kii^  in  Spain.  He  was  the  son  of 
Cordora,  who  had  his  eyes  put  out  by 
Viti'za  the  king  of  the  Tisigoths,  where- 
upon Roderick  rose  against  Vitiza  and 
dethroned  him ;  but  the  sons  and  ad- 
herents of  Vitiza  applied  to  the  Moors, 
who  sent  over  Tank  with  90,000  men, 
and  Roderick  was  slain  at  the  battle  of 
Xetrea,  a.d.  711. 

*•*  Sonthey  has  an  epic  poem  called 
Boderick,  the  Last  of  the  Ooths.  He 
makes  "Rnsilla'*  to  be  the  mother  of 
Roderick. 

Gothland  or  Qottland,  an  island 
called  "The  eye  of  the  Baltic?^  Geoffrey 
of  Monmouth  says  that  when  king  Arthur 
had  added  IreUind  to  his  dominions,  he 
-^led  to  Iceland,  which  he  subdued,  and 
both  **  Doldavitts  king  of  Gothland 


and  Gunflssitts  king  of  the  QrknerB 
voluntarily  became  his  tributaries."— 
Briiiah  History,  ix.  10  (1142). 

^imUm.  PlgMl^m.  It.  (1S1S|. 

Gottlieb  [OotMebl,  a  cottage  farmer, 
with  whom  prince  Henry  of  Hoheoeck 
went  to  live  after  he  was  struck  with 
leprosy.  The  cottager's  damrhter  Elsie 
volunteered  to  sacnfice  her  Ufe  for  the 
cure  of  the  prince,  and  was  ultimately 
married  to  hun. — Hartmann  von  der  Aue, 
Poor  Henry  (twelfth  centniyj ;  Long- 
fellow, Goiden  Legend, 

GourOay  (AOshie),  a  privileged  fool 
or  jeater.— Sir  W.  Scok,  The  Antiquary 
(time,  George  III.). 

Gaurlay  (Ailsie),  an  old  sibyl  at  the 
death  of  Alice  Gray.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
^ruJ9 of  2;ainmtfnnoor(time,  William  III.). 

GoiirmaB  (i>on),  a  national  portrait 
of  the  Spanish  nobility. — ^Pierre  Omieille. 
The  CW  (1636). 

Itae  chaiactar  «r  doa  OanaaM,  for  tti  Twy  eseeOMMX, 
enrnJawnOf  cwiww  of  th>  Wtmch  Acxl>my.-<ir  W. 

Gk>'vemale  (8  ^/.),  first  tiie  tutor 
and  then  the  attendant  of  sir  Tristram  de 
Liondf. 

Gow  (Old  Niell),  the  fiddler. 

Nathaniel  Oow,  son  of  the  fiddler. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  St.  Jionan'8  Well  (time, 
(jeorge  III.). 

Gow  (Henry)  or  Henry  Smtth,  also 
called  '*  Gow  Chrom**  and  ''Hal  of  the 
Wynd,"  the  armourer.  Suitor  of  Ca- 
tharine Glover  ''the  fair  maid  of  Perth," 
whom  he  marries. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Fair 
Maid  of  Perth  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

(3owk  Storm,  a  short  storm,  such  as 
occurs  in  spring,  when  the  gowk  or 
cuckoo  comes. 

H«  tnated  Um preMnt [dkturbattM\woad  prvn tnt 
A  lowk  ctonn.— aite  W.  8co(t,  foUi «/ a  Oran^fMkmF,  L 

Gk>wk-thrapple  (Maister),  a  co- 
venanting preacher. — Sir  W.  Soott, 
Waverley  (time,  George  II.). 

A  man  of  coane,  meduuilad.  pertutps  imthar  iutrfaul- 
ai^  fovMe  Intollaet,  vlUi  the  r^imame•  of  aomepuipll- 
drnwnrins  Gowk-thrapplo.— Oulirte. 

Graaf  (Count)  was  a  great  speculator 
in  com.  G^e  year  a  sad  famine  pre- 
vailed, and  he  expected,  like  Pharaoh 
king  of  Egypt,  to  make  an  enormona 
fortune  bybis  speculation,  but  an  arm^ 
of  rats,  pressed  by  hunger,  invaded  h^ 
bams,    and    then   swarming    into    toe 


GKAAL. 


898  GRACE-BE-HERE  HUHGUDGEON. 


cutie,  fell  oo  the  old  baron,  worried  him 
to  death,  and  then  deronred  him.  (See 
Hatto.) 

G-raal  (Saint)  or  St.  Grbal  is 
generally  said  to  be  the  veesel  or  platter 
used  by  Christ  at  the  last  supper,  in 
which  Joseph  of  Arimathea  caught  the 
b'ood  of  tne  crucified  Christ.  In  all 
descriptions  of  it  in  the  Arthurian 
romances,  it  is  simply  the  visible  "  pre> 
sence"  of  Christ,  or  realization  of  the 
papistic  notion  Uiat  the  wafer,  after 
consecration,  is  changed  into  the  very 
body  of  the  Saviour,  and  when  sir  GaU^ 
had  "achieved  the  quest  of  the  holy 
graal,*'  all  that  is  meant  is  that  he  saw 
with  his  bodily  eyes  the  visible  Saviour 
inu>  which  the  holy  wafer  had  been 
transmuted. 

Thea  tiie  Mshop  took  s  wafisr.  whicfa  «m  nude  In  th« 
UkMMi  of  bfwd.  Mid  at  Uia  lifting  up  [tke  atorctfjon  of 
«*«  k«tt}  t^ora  flMues  flcura  In  Um  ULmmm  of  •  child, 
and  Um  Ti«fe  was  w  rad  and  u  bright  M  lire,  and  b*  anote 
hloMlf  bito  that  bfead :  ao  UMymw  Uiat  the  hraad  wma 
formed  o(  a  Seihljr  man,  and  then  he  put  It  Into  the  holy 
▼enel  again  .  .  .  then  (U«  hUkop]  took  the  bohr  veael 
and  came  tp  ilr  Oalahad  at  be  kiMeled  down,  and  there 
be  received  hb  Saviour.— Pt.  UL  101. 101. 

King  Pelles  and  sir  Launcelot  caught 
a  sight  of  the  St.  Graal;  but  did  not 
«  achieve  it,"  like  Galahad. 

When  tb«r««at  In  to  the  castle  to  take  their  maet.  .  . 
there  came  a  dove  to  the  window,  and  la  its  bUl  was  a 
little  oeiiaar  of  gold,  and  there  withall  was  sucha  mvor  as 
If  all  the  splcery  of  the  world  had  been  thoe  .  .  .  and  a 
damsel,  paaring  (Ur.  bare  a  vesiri  of  gold  between  bar 
hands,  and  thereto  the  kiM  kneeled  devoutljr  and  mU  his 
pngreta. .  .  .  "  Ob  mercjr  i  "^sald  abr  Launcelot,  "  what  mi^r 
thU  meant*  .  .  .  •"This."  said  the  Ung,  "la  Uie  bolf 
SanegreaU  which  jre  have  seen."— Pt.  Ul.  S. 


When  sir  Bors  de  Ganis  went  to  Corbin, 
and  saw  Galahad  the  son  of  sir  Lvm- 
celot,  he  prayed  that  the  boy  might  prove 
as  good  a  knight  as  his  father,  and 
instantly  the  white  dove  came  witn  the 

golden  censer,  and  the  damsel  bearing 
le  sancgraal,  and  told  sir  Bors  that 
Galahad  would  prove  a  better  knight  tlum 
his  father,  and  would  "achieve  the  Sanc- 
greall ; "  then  both  dove  and  damsel 
vanished. — Pt.  iii.  4. 

Sir  Percival,  the  son  of  sir  Pellinore 
king  of  Wal^  after  his  combat  with  sir 
Ector  de  Maris  (brother  of  sir  Launcelot) 
caught  a  sight  of  the  holy  graal,  and 
both  were  cured  of  their  nf  ounds  thereby. 
Like  sir  Bors,  he  was  with  sir  Galahad 
when  the  quest  was  achieved  (pt.  iii.  14). 
Sir  Launcelot  was  also  miraculously 
i  cured  in  the  same  way  (pt.  iii.  18). 

King  Arthur,  the  oueen,  and  all  the 

il60  knights  saw  the  noly  graal  as  they 

I  sat  at  supper  when  Galahad  was  received 

into  the  fellowship  of  the  Round  Table : 

fint  thagr  beard  a  enwklliig  aad  cqring  of  thaiidar . .  • 


and  Id  Oe  mldat  o(  the  Uaat  entoead  a 

dear  bjr  aeven  times  than  ever  thagr  saw  dar.  and  alt ' 

Ugbtwl  of  the  grnoa  of  the  Ho^  Ohaat . 

entered   the  haU   the  hdlf  gnal  (eenaei 

eovered  with  wUto  aamlte ;  but  aooe  might  aea  it,  oer 

who  bare  U .  .  .  and  when  theholf  graal  had  been  borBe 

thro' the  ban.  the  vaMl  suddenly  departed.-«ri:  MakiTt 
JHtfery  ^f  Prktot  ^ntar.  UL  16  (1470|. 

*«*  The  chief  romances  of  the  St.  Graal 
are :  Pareeval  le  Oalloit  by  Chretien  de 
Troyes,  in  verse,  and  Roman  det  D\v€r9eM 
Quitf  de  St.  OracU,  by  Walter  M^et, 
in  prose,  both  written  in  the  latter  part 
of  the  twelfth  century;  Titurel  or  the 
Guardian  of  the  Holy  Graal,  by  Wolfram 
von  Eschenbaoh ;  The  Romance  of  Parui' 
valf  by  the  same— partly  founded  upon 
the  poem  of  Chretien — and  the  Li/e  of 
Joeeph  of  Arinuuhia,  by  Robert  de  Bor* 
ron,  all  belonging  to  the  early  part  of 
the  thirteenth  oentory;  TheHol$  Graal, 
by  Tennyson. 

HeUnandaai 


*<  la  Prendi  tfaer  ahfv  the 
or  araat  to  a  larfa  daeplsh  veasai  in  which  ileh 
wita  their  gravy  are  served  to  the  wealthy.'— Vinwaltng 
BeOovacenabfc  BptetOum  Miat^  xzUL  147. 

We  find  in  the  churchwardens*  aooomit 
of  Wing  (Bucks.),  1527:  "  Three  Graylla," 
••«.  three  gradates^  called  by  the  Romaa 
Catholics  cantatoria.  In  tue  Athenmtm 
(June  25,  1870)  we  read:  "The  Saxons 
called  a  graal  a  *  graduale '  ad  te  lefoavL 
from  tilie  first  three  words  of  the  inteoik 
(First  Sunday  in  Advent),  with  which  ih» 
codex  begins.*' 

Graal-bunr,  a  magnificent  temple, 
surrounded  wiUi  towers  raised  on  brazen 
pillars,  and  containing  the  holy  naaL 
It  was  founded  by  king  Titmm,  on 
mount  Salva^  in  Spain,  and  was  a  mar- 
vel of  magnificence,  jittering  with  gold 
and  precious  stones.— -\\''olfram  of  Eschen- 
baoh (minnesinger),  Parwival  (thirteeuth 
century). 

Qraoe  {Lady\  sister  of  lady  Townly, 
and  the  engaged  wife  of  Mr.  Blanly. 
The  very  opposite  of  a  lady  of  &ahion. 
She  says : 

"  In  sonuner  I  eould  pasa  my  Mane  boon  In  raadlac 
walking.  ...  or  sitting  under  a  gnen  tree :  in  dreaslng, 
dining,  chatting  with  aa  agieeabhi  firtend;  perbape 
bearing  a  little  music,  taking  a  diah  of  tea.  or  a  game  al 
cards  ;  managing  mv  IhinUy.  looking  Into  its  aocount^ 
pfatylng  with  my  ddldren .  .  or  in  a  thooaand  other 
Ennocent  amnaements.'— Vanbnigh  and  C^ltbar.  rke  A-w. 
•eJfced  Eutbamd,  IIL  (1728). 


"  No  perMm,"  says  George  Ootanan,  **  has  «T«r  lum 
aooeessfoUy  porformed  the  dcgant  levities  of '  lady  Townly ' 
upon  the  stofe.  or  more  happily  pnodaed  the  amiable 
virtues  of '  lady  Graft 'in  the  circles  ef  aodety,  Ihaa  lUaa 
Fhrran  (the  oouatass  of  I>arbf .  17S»48IS)." 

Graoe-be-here  HiimgudgeprL,  a 
corporal  in  Cromwell's  troop. — Sir  W, 
Scott,  Woodstock  (time,  Commonwealth). 


GRACE  WAS  IN  ALL  HER  STEPS.  899 


GRAMMAR. 


Ormoe  was  in  all  Her  Steiw. 
AdaiBnjsof  Ere: 

Ib  tftiT  pHtan  dlgnitr  umI  lore 

Mh—.  Au-irflw  iMt;  vUL  «8l  •!&  (1MB). 

Graoe'ohuroh,  London,  me*nB  the 
yntM  or  arasa  diiiich.  It  was  built  <m 
the  nte  of  the  old  gnut-mirket. 

Orado'sa,  »  lovely  princess,  who  is 
tlw  object  of  »  stepHUotber^s  most  im- 
placabU  hfttred.  TIm  step-mother's  name 
IS  Gnwpofi,  and  tiie  tale  shows  how  all 
her  ■ddictons  plots  are  thwarted  by  Per- 
cinct^  a  fairy  prinee,  in  love  with 
Gnat 


Graeio'BO,  the  licensed  fool  of  Span- 
ish drama.  He  has  his  coxcomb  and 
tmncheon,  and  mingles  with  the  actors 
withoai  aiding  or  abetting  the  plot. 
Sometimes  be  transfers  his  gibes  from  the 
actors  to  the  andicncej  luie  our  circus 


king  of  Serica'na, 
bnvest  of  die  pagan  knights."  He 
west  afpainst  Charlemagne  with  100,000 
vassals  in  his  train,  "all  discrown^ 
kinj^s,**  who  never  addressed  him  but  on 
thfor  knees. — ^Bojardo,  OHando  Innamo- 
rato  (1496);  Anosto,  OHamh  I\uio§o 
(1616). 

Qrad'ffTind  (7%oma»),  a  man  of 
fscts  and  realities.  Everything  about 
him  is  square ;  his  fordiead  is  sjquare, 
aad  so  is  his  fore-finger,  with  which  he 
emphasises  all  he  says.  Formerly  he 
was  in  the  wholesale  hardware  line.  In 
his  gieataess  he  becomes  M.P.  for  Coke- 
town,  and  he  lives  at  Stone  Lodse,  a 
mile  or  ao  fiom  town.  He  prides  him- 
self on  being  eminently  prMticai ;  and 
though  not  a  Dad  man  at  hearty  he  bli^ts 
his  ^ildren  by  his  hard,  practical  way  of 
Hmgmg  them  upw 

Jfrs.  Gradarmdt  wife  of  Thomas  Grad- 
grfaid.  A  little  thin  womui,  alwa3rs 
takiiw  phvsic,  without  receiving  from  it 
'any  fieoent.  She  looks  like  an  indif- 
feraotly  executed  transparency  without 
h^tA  enough  bdiind  the  figure.  She  is 
always  complaJning,  alwajrs  peevish,  and 
dies  soon  after  ue  marriage  of  her 
daozhter  Louitt. 

Tom  Qradgrmdy  son  of  the  above,  a 
sollen  young  man,  much  loved  by  his 
sister,  imd  l^lding  an  ofllce  in  the  bank 
of  his  brother-in-law,  Josiah  Bounderby. 
Tom  robs  the  bank,  and  throws  suspicion 
ea  Stephen  Blackbridge,  one  of  the  hands 
In  Bn«nderby*s  factory.  When  found 
eat,  Tom  takes  refuge  in  the  circus  of  the 


qq 


town,  disguised  as  a  bUusk  servanti  tiU 
he  effects  his  escape  from  England. 

Louisa  Gradgrmdf  eldest  daughter  of 
Thomas  Gradgrind,  M.P.  She  marries 
Josiah  Bounderby,  banker  and  mill- 
owner.  Louisa  has  been  so  hardened  by 
her  brining  up,  that  she  appears  cold 
aad  indifferent  to  everything,  but  she 
dearly  loves  her  brother  Tom.— O. 
Dickens,  J/ard  Times  (1854). 

Qrmme  (Boiand),  heir  of  Avenel 
2  syL),    He  first  appears  as  page  to  the 

]y  at  Avenel,  then  as  page  to  Mary 
queen  of  Scots. 

MagdaUne  Qrcsme^  dame  of  Heather- 

U,  grandmother  of  Roland  Gneme. 
^he  appears  to  Roland  disffuised  as 
Mother  Nioneven,  an  old  witch  at  Kin- 
ross.—Sir  W.  Soott,  The  Abbot  (time, 
Elizabeth). 

Grceme  ( Wiliiam)^  the  red  riever  [/rw- 
booier]  at  Westbumfiat.— Sir  W.  S<K>tt, 
The  Black  Dvoarf  (time,  Anne). 

Or89Viu8  or  /.  Q,  Qrafe  of  Saxony, 

editor  of  several  of  the  LAtin  classics 

(1632-1708). 

BattcvviiM.  Mr.  I  ham  mof  Mfhfartloii  Id  balMMbw 
you  thaa  I  rfMMdd  hav*  In  eonvMiinc  with  Onevtai  and 
anMMB!vliM.->Mn.  Oowhgr.  Wkm'atkt  Dm^l Lt. 

(Abraham  Gronovius  was  a  fiunous 
philologUt,  1694-1775.) 

G-raliaine  (Colonel  John),  of  CHaver- 
house,  in  the  royal  army  under  the  duke 
of  Monmouth.  Afterwards  viscount  of 
Dundee. 

Comet  Richard  Omhame,  tilie  coloners 
nephew,  in  the  same  army.— Sir  W. 
Scott,  Old  Mortality  (time,  C^les  II.). 

Qrahame's  Dike,  the  Roman  wall 
between  the  friths  of  the  Clyde  and 
Forth. 

Thii  vaB  4kfMdad  tlM  BritoM  lor  a  ItaHh  brt  tlM  Seota 
•ad  Pkti  .  .  .  cUaibed  ovar  It.  ...  A  kmib  namwl 
Giahame  is  aald  to  hare  Imm  Um  Bnt  wldier  wtio  fot 
one.  and  Um  oomnoo  poopla  ttUl  call  tba  maaim  of  Uia 
vaH  "GrabanM's  I>ika.''~8ir  W.  SmU.  TaUa  if  a 
QramO/uther. 

Qrahaxas,  nicknamed  "Of  the  Hen." 
The  reference  is  this:  The  Grahams, 
having  provided  fur  a  great  marriage 
feast,  found  that  a  raid  had  been  made 
upon  their  poultry  by  Donald  of  the 
Hammer  (^.c).  fhey  went  in  pursuit, 
and  a  combat  took  place ;  but  as  the 
fif^t  was  for  "  cocks  and  hens,"  it  ob- 
tained for  the  Grahams  the  nickname  of 
Gramoch  an  Oarru/h, 

Oram,  Siegfried^s  sword. 

Orammar.  Sj^ismund,  sumamcd 
Augustus,  said,   **  ^o   sum    Imperatur 


GRAMMABIANS. 


400 


GRANGOUSIXR. 


Bomaaoniu,    et   snpm    gntmrnatifin  ** 
(1520,  1M8-1572). 

G-rammarians  (Prince  of)^  AdoI. 
looiof  of  Alexandri*.  Priscuui  called 
him  Orammatioorwn  Prmcepa  (second 
century  b.c.)* 

Orammont  (The  comU  of).  He 
pfooii0ed  marriaire  to  la  belle  lumilton, 
bat  left  England  without  pofwming  the 

{>romise  ;  wherenpon  the  brothers '  fol- 
owed  him  I  and  aslced  him  if  he  had  not 
forgotten  something.  **Trae,  tme,"  said 
the  connt,  **  crxcnse  my  short  memory  : " 
and,  returning  with  the  brothers,  ne 
made  the  young  lady  countess  of  Gram- 
mont. 

Qranary  of  Athena,  the  district 
about  Kertdi.  The  bock-wheat  of  this 
district  carried  off  the  prize  of  the  Great 
Exhibition  in  1851. 

Granary  of  Europe.  Sicily  was 
BO  called  once. 

Grand  Jument,  meant  for  Diana 
of  Poitiers. — Kabehus,  Ooiydtn/iia  and 
Fantagrykel, 

Grand  Monarque  \iiaa,wxrir[^ 
Louis  XiV.  (1638,  1643-1715). 

Grand  Pendu  (J>),  in  cards,  the 
king  of  diamonds.  Whoever  draws  this 
card  in  cartomancy,  is  destined  to  die  by 
the  hands  of  the  executioner.   (See  L^ 

VORMAMD.) 

JoMhim  Murat.  when  Unc  of  Nspta.  aoogki  tt»  aU 
of  MdU*.  Lenomiand,  br  wbom  be  «m  recehrad  viUi 
her  eustoimry  hMisbtitieaL  The  canb  bdns  prodooed. 
Mar»t  cut  Um  Graod  Penda.  the  portent  of  iU-fbitiuM. 
Murmt  eut  four  tiaiei,  and  In  evefr  inslMioe  U  was  the 
kins  «f  dlimon«fa.>4ee  W.  H.  WOtihIn.  ^loydv  md 
MhtrOaHM,  ISi. 

(The  card  called  le  pendu  in  tarot 
cards  is  represented  by  a  man  with  his 
hands  tied  behind  his  back,  and  in  some 
cases  with  two  bags  of  money  attached 
to  his  armpits.  The  man  is  hanging  by 
the  right  leg  to  a  gibb^  Probably  an 
emblematic  ngure  in  alchemy.) 

Grand  Pr6.  a  Tillage  of  Acadia  (now 
Nova  Scotia)f  inhabited  by  a  colony  from 
Normandy,  of  very  primitive  manners, 

E reserving  the  very  costume  of  their  old 
[orman  forefathers.  They  had  no  locks 
to  their  doors  nor  bolts  to  their  windows. 
There  "  the  richest  man  was  poor,  and  the 
poorest  lived  in  abundance.  Grand  Prtf 
18  the  scene  of  Longfellow's  Evangelme 
(1849). 

Grandison  (Sir  Charles)^  the  hero 
of  a  novel  by  a.  Richardson,  entitled 
Thi  Migtcrjf  of  Sir  Charles  Qrandmmm 


Sir  Charles  is  the  beaor-ideal  of  a  ptsfect 

hero,  the  union  of  a  good  Gbiistian  and 

perfect  English  gentleman ;  but  such  a 

"faultless  monster  Uie  world  ne'er  saw." 

Richardson's  ideal  of  this  character  was 

Robot  Nelson,  reputed  author  of    the 

Whole  DvOy  of  Man  (1758). 

Ukethe  oH  Mjr  mentioned  bf  dr  Waitar  Sestt  vho 
dboatBbrCttmHmerandimm  t>eauiw  the  eouM  90  to  riem 
for  half  an  hoar  at  any  ttee  daring  ki  randtec.  and  ittak 
Sad  the  n  ■wnwuw  Jort  whMe  the  left 
In  the  oadar  parlBv.— JTiMva.  BrU^  Act. 


b  the  Bofifah  Anilt;  bat  an 
pletefar  inslraeted.  Hit  dlaooiuM*  are  eontSnaal  preeepce, 
aodhkacttoMoneuaiplei.  MheBiKn  btheel^ettef 
hto  eftcrten.  -JMicer  V  Armkkm  ITi^kta  ftinrlmii^, 
tr.71 

Grandmother.  Lord  Byron  calls  the 
Briti^  Review  **Uj  Grandmother's  Re- 
view," and  jestingly  says  he  purchased 
its  favorable  oritioinn  of  Don  Juan, 


For  fiar  wme  pmdkh  md«f«  riioaU  grow  ddttMi. 

r«e  bribed  **l^  Gnndaother^  Befto^"  The  ArUMb  » 

1  ant  it  In  a  Miar  to  the  editor. 

Who  thanked  me  dnljrbrratuni  of  poaL  .  .. 

And  if  mjr  gentle  Moae  he  pleam  to  roaat .  .  . 

AU  I  ean  av  le— that  he  had  the  maav- 

l^TOw  .Pen  JteoiK  L IHI  sis  aSMI. 

Grane  (3  syl.)^  Siegfried*s  horsa, 
whose  speed  outstripped  the  wind. 

Grane'angowl  (Rev,  Mr,)^  chaphdn 
to  sir  Duncan  CampbelL  at  Ardtnvohr 
Castle.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Leffend  of  Momt^ 
rose  (time,  Gharies  I.). 

Granger  (Captain),  in  love  with 
Elizabeth  Doiley,.  daughter  of  a  retired 
slop-eeller.  The  <dd  fitther  roaolves  to 
rive  her  to  the  best  scholar,  himself  being 
judge.  Gradus,  an  Oxford  pedant,  qnotoa 
two  lines  of  Greek,  in  which  the  word 
panta  occurs  four  times.  **  Pantry  I  * 
cries  old  Doiley;  ''no,  no;  you  can't  per- 
snade  me  that's  Greek."  The  captain  talka 
of  '*  refulgent  scintillatioes  in  the  ambient 
void  opake ;  chrysalic  sidieroids,  and 
astifarons  constellations;'  and  when 
Gradus  says,  "  It  is  a  rant  in  English,* 
the  old  man  boils  with  indignation. 
<'  Zounds ! "  says  he;  "  d'ye  take  me  fer 
a  fool?  D'ye  think  I  doat  know  my 
own  mother  tongue  ?  Twas  no  more  like 
English  than  f  am  like  Whittington'a 
cat!  **  and  he  drives  otf  Gradus  as  a  viU 
impostor.— Mrs.  Gowley,  Who't  the  Dupei 

Granger,    (See  Edith.) 

GrangoUBier,  father  of  Gargantua, 
'*  a  good  sort  of  a  fellow  in  his  younger 
days,  and  a  notable  jester.  He  loved  to 
dnnk  neat,  and  would  eat  salt  meat** 
(bk.  i.  8).  He  married  GaigameUe 
(8  «y/.),  daufffater  of  the  king  of  the  Pa»* 
pailions,  and  had  a  son  named  Garga»» 
tua.— Rabelais,  Qarganiua,  i.  8  (1688). 


6RABTAM. 


401 


GRAUNDS  AMOURB. 


*U^  "6fBiigoiin«r'*  is  meftnt  for  John 
#AlbRt,  king  of  Navarre;  ''Garnunelle" 
for  Oadienne  de  Foix,  qiwen  of  Nararre ; 
and  "Gamntna'*  for  H«nii  d*Albrei» 
king  of  Nararre.  Some  fancy  tiiat 
**  Gxan^oosier  **  ia  meant  for  Louis  XII^ 
bat  this  cannot  be,  inaaranch  as  be  is 
distincUj  called  a  "  heretic  for  declaim- 
ing against  the  saints  "  (ch.  xlr.)> 


Qrantaia  (Miss),  a  friend  of 
Godfrer,  engaged  to  sir  James  Elliot.—^ 
SaM.  Footer^  Liar  (1761). 

Qrantteeenil  (Sir  Hugh  de),  one  of 
the  knights  challecfgers  at  the  tooma- 
meet.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Jvcmhoe  (time, 
I.). 


Omtortoy  the  personiikatioD  of  re- 
bellaon  in  general^  and  <rf  the  erril  genius 
of  the  Irish  rcbelhoo  of  1680  in  particiilar. 
Gnmtoito  ia  re|M«esnted  as  a  huge  giant, 
1^  withheld  from  Vt€oM  [Le.  Imi  or 
inaCsMf}  her  inhmtanoe.  Sir  Art^al 
[Artkmr  lord  Oreu  of  fR/toii],  being  sent 
to  destroy  bim,  rhailenged  mm  to  single 
cembat,  and  baring  fdled  him  to  uie 
esrth  iritii  his  sword  Ghrysa'or,  "  reft  off 
his  head  to  ease  him  of  his  pain." — 
/Ury  Ommm,  ▼.  18  (15%). 


Qrmfiea  of  God.  Tennyson  calls 
file  wine-cnp  of  the  eacharist  **the 
chalk*  of  ue  grapes  of  God,**  allnding. 
of  coarse,  to  the  symbolical  character  of 
flie  sacramental  wine^  which  represents  the 
death-blood  of  Christy  shed  for  the  re- 
of  sin. 

WWr*  th»  kaMHns  banlaC  dnlM 


Zenxisof  Hera- 
p^w>**«*  gn^m  so  admirably  that 
birds  flew  to  them  and  tried  to  eat  them. 
(See  HoBsx  Painted.) 

ChS  W09  Qmm  SDdt  hM  VStU0d 

of  payas  tt«  eoiiaiag  mbM 


Miism. 

Qraas  (Cronos),  a  c^rass  which  ffives 
tilioae  who  taste  it  an  irresistible  dewre 
m.  GbMcw,  the  Boso'tian 
observed  that  aU  the  ishes 
which  he  laid  on  the  grass  instantly 
leaped  back  into  the  water,  whewa^on 
he  also  tasted  the  grass,  and  was  seized 
with  tiie  snme  irresistible  desire.  I.«aping 
into  the  sea,  he  became  a  minor  sea-goc^ 
with  the  gift  of  prophecy. 

Grass  (  To  give),  to  acknowledgeyoursell 
vanqoisbed.  A  Latin  pbras^  nerham 
4ms  aafr  forri^bt^V\iaif^  Katr  Siti., 
zzii.4. 


Orasshopper  (A),  What  animal  k 
that  which  avoids  every  <me,  is  a  com- 
pound of  seven  am  mala,  and  lives  in 
desolate  places  ? 

SMMOii  umwmtA.  "  It  h  a  «r— biippw.  wMdi  hMtba 
kniofshacw;  tiw  naek  of  an  odt.  Um  wtna  of  a  dnfoii. 
the  Ceat  of  a  eamal.  the  taH  of  a  Mrptnt.  the  bonu  of  a 


&aad  the  body  of  a  •oorpton.'— CooDt  Ourtna,  Or<m|al 
I  r  The  Four  TiMhiibi.'  t7«). 


Orass-market  (Edinbnri^),  at  one 
time  the  place  of  public  executions. 

MUcfaal.  being  Mked  why  ha  had  Mda  to  vtokad  aa 

atteaapt  oo  the  penoB  of  the  arefabWiop  [S4arp«)>  raplM 
tlMftbe(BdU"lartbeglonroraod.''  ..  .  Ilia  <liika  mU 
Umb.  "Let  MItdMl  glorify  God  In  tha  ara»«Barkai.- — 
Hlgi^na,  JUmaritM  «n  Bwrrut,  U.  ISL 

Q^atiail  (Father),  the  begging  fHar 
at  John  Meoffs's  inn  at  Kircbhoff.— Sir 
W.  Scott,  Anne  of  Oeierstein  (time, 
Edward  IT.). 

Qratia'no,  one  of  Antbonio's  friends^ 
He  **  talked  an  infinite  deal  of  nothing, 
more  than  any  man  in  all  Yemce.** 
Gratiano  married  Nerissa,  the  waiittng- 

Smtlewoman    of   Portia. — Shakespeare. 
erchantof  Vemoe  (1598). 

Oratia^no,  brother  of  Brabantio,  and 
nnclo  of  Deademona.  —  Shakespearsi 
Othello  (1611). 

Q^aunde  Amoure  (Sir),  walking 
in  a  meadow,  was  told  by  Fame  of  a 
beautiful  lad^  named  La  belle  PuoeU, 
who  resided  m  the  Tower  of  Musyke. 
He  was  then  conducted  bv  Gouvemance 
and  Grace  to  the  Tower  of  Doctrine,  where 
he  received  instruction  from  the  seven 
Sciences: — Gramer,  Logyke,  Rethorik^ 
Arismetrlcke,  Musyke,  Geometry,  and 
Astronomy.  In  the  Tower  of  Musyke 
he  met  La  bcUe  PuceU,  with  whom  he  fell 
in  love,  but  tboy  parted  for  a  time.  Graunde 
Amoure  went  to  the  Tower  of  Chivalry 
to  perfect  himself  in  the  arts  of  knight 
hood,  and  Uiere  he  received  his  degree 
from  king  Melyz'yus.  He  then  started 
on  his  adventures,  and  soon  encountered 
False  Report,  who  joined  him  and  told 
him  man^  a  lying  tide ;  but  lady  Corree< 
tion,  coming  up,  bad  False  Report  soundly 
beaten,  and  the  kni^it  was  entertaineid 
at  her  oastle.  Next  cwy  he  left,  and  oame 
to  a  wall  where  hung  a  shield  and  horn* 
On  blowing  the  bom,  a  three-beaded 
monster  omu  forth,  with  whom  he  fought, 
and  cut  off  the  three  heads,  called  Fiuse- 
hood.  Imagination,  and  Peijary.  H« 
nassed  the  ni^t  in  the  house  of  lady  Com- 
fort, whoattended  to  his  wounds ;  and  next 
day  be  slew  a  giant  fifteen  feet  high  and 
with  seven  hcMS.  Lastly,  he  slew  the 
monster  Malyce.  made  by  enchantment  of 
seren  metids.    His  achievements  over,  he 

2  D 


GRAYEAIRS. 


402    GREAT  CHAM  OF  UTERATURS. 


married  La  belle  Pucell,  and  lived  happily 
till  he  was  arrested  by  Age,  having  for 
compaaions  Policye  and  Avarice.  Death 
came  at  last  to  carry  him  off,  and  Re- 
membrance wrote  his  epitaph.— Stephen 
Hawes,  The  Passe-tymeof  Pleswrt  (1615). 
Qraunde  Amoure's  iSfmi,  Galantyse,  the 
gift  of  king  Melyz'yns  when  he  conferred 
on  him  the  degree  of  knighthood. 

I  vofweUe  riuJI  glv*  yon  m  worthjr  steda, 
C»Ued  QnUuitrw,  to  h«lpe  jrou  In  your  nedau 
StcplMn  Baiwm,  Tht  Pmaa^-tgmm  ^  numn,  zxrltt.  (UlS). 


Drmvlnt  m  nrwds.  that 
I  cUppM  ClRra  Prndence. 


Qraunda  Amour^s  Sword^  Clare  Pni- 
dence. 

both  fdra  and  bright. 


Orave'airs  (Lady),  a,  Udy  of  verv 
dabiooB  virtue,  in  The  Ccareless  HuAandf 
by  CoUey  Cibber  (1704). 

Mra.  Hamfltoo  [1790-17881  opon  hm  gntnuwe.  via 
■tinted  with  a  atonn  o(  Uhm.  aad  advandng  to  tta 
tootlighti  Mki.  "GwuDM  and  hidlo^  I  ^poM  as  how 
yon  hfa  me  became  I  wonUnt  plaj  'ladjr  GniTealra' 
laM  n%ht  ai  Mil.  BaUany's  beoetL  I  wooU  have  dona 
80,  but  A«  aakt  at  how  oqr  andknce  atank.  and  were  al 
tripe  people.'  Hm  pH  reared  with  laughter,  and  the 
whole  iKNtte  thouted  "  Mm.  Tripe  I "  a  Utle  whkh  the  hOr 
ilwechMer  retained  over  aflv.— IfeaMir  V  Mn.  MawM- 
(ISOg). 


Oray  (Old  Alioe)^  a  former  tenant  .of 
the  Ravenswood  family. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Bride  of  Lammermoor  (time,  William 
III.). 

Oray  (Dr.  Gideon),  the  surgeon  at 
Middlemas. 

Mrs,  Oray^  the  surgeon's  wife. 

Menie  Grau^  the  '*  surgeon's  daughter.*' 
taken  to  India  and  ^ven  to  Tippoo  Saib 
as  an  addition  to  his  harem,  but,  being 
rescued  by  Hyder  Ali,  was  restored  to 
Hartley ;  after  which  she  returned  to  her 
country. — Sir  W.  Scott,  TJie  Surgeon'i 
Daughter  (time,  George  II.). 

Gray  (Dunoon)  wooed  a  young  lass 
called  Mafgie,  but  as  Duncan  looked 
asklent,  lu^»;ie  "coost  her  head"  and 
bade  Dnncanbehave himself.  ** Duncan 
fleeched,  and  Duncan  prayed,**  but  Meg 
was  deaf  to  his  pleaoings;  so  Duncan 
took  himself  off  in  dudgeon.  This  was 
more  than  Majg^e  mean^  so  she  fell  sick 
and  like  to  die.  As  Duncan  "could  na 
be  her  death,**  he  came  forward  manfully 
again,  and  tilien  '*tiliey  were  crouse 
[fMrry]  and  canty  bath.  Ha,  ha  I  the 
wooing  o't.** — ^R.  Bums,  Dwnoan  Gray 
(1792). 

Gray  {MaryV  daughter  of  a  country 

fentieman  of  Perth.    When  the  pla^e 
roke  out  in  1666,  Mary  Gray  and  her 
friend  Bessy    Bell   retired   to  an   un- 


frequented spot  called  Bum  Braes,  where 
they  lived  in  a  secluded  cottage  and  saw 
no  one.  A  young  gentleman  bron^t 
them  food,  but  he  caught  the  pla^e, 
communicated  it  to  the  two  ladies,  and 
all  three  died. — ^Allan  Ramsay,  Beesy  Bell 
and  Mary  Gray. 

Gray  (A%tld  Bdnn),  Jennie,  a  Scotch 
lass^  was  loved  by  young  Jamie;  "bat 
saving  a  crown,  he  had  naething  else 
besides."  To  make  that  crown  a  pound, 
young  Jamie  went  to  sea,  and  botn  were 
to  be  for  Jennie.  He  had  not  been  gone 
many  days  when  Jennie's  mother  fell 
sick,  her  fiUlier  broke  his  arm,  and  their 
cow  was  stolen ;  then  auld  Robin  came 
forward  and  maintained  them  both.  Auld 
Robin  loved  the  lass,  and  "  wi*  tean  ia 
his  ee,"  said,  "  Jennie,  for  their  sakes,  oh^ 
marry  me ! "  Jennie's  heart  said  "  nav,'* 
for  she  looked  for  Jamie  back ;  but  her 
father  urged  her,  and  the  mother  (beaded 
with  her  eye,  and  so  she  consulted.  They 
had  not  been  married  above  a  monu 
when  Jamie  returned.  They  met;  aha 
gave  him  one  kiss,  and  though  she  "  gang 
like  a  ghaist,"  she  made  up  her  mind, 
like  a  brave,  good  lassie,  to  be  a  glide 
wife,  for  auld  Robin  was  very  kind  to 
her  (1772). 

This  ballad  was  composed  by  lady  Amia 
Lindsay^  daughter  of  the  earl  of  Bal- 
carres  (afterwards  lady  Barnard).  It 
was  written  to  an  old  S»cotch  tune  called 
The  Bridearoom  Grat  when  the  Sun  went 
Down,  Auld  Robin  Gray  was  her  father's 
herdsman.  When  lady  Xnne  was  writing 
the  ballad,  and  was  piling  diatress  on 
Jennie,  she  told  her  sister  that  she  had 
sent  Jamie  to  sea,  made  the  mother  sick, 
and  broken  the  father's  arm,  but  wanted 
a  fourth  calamity.  "Steal  the  cow, 
sister  Anne,*'  said  the  little  Elizabeth ; 
and  so  "  the  cow  was  stolen  awa',"  and 
the  song  completed. 

Gray's  Monument,  in  Westminster 
Abbey,  was  by  Bacon* 

Oraysteel,  the  sword  of  Kol,  fktal  to 
its  owner.  It  passed  into  several  hands, 
and  always  brought  ill-luck  with  iL — 
loekmdic  Edda. 

G-reat  Captain  (The),  Gonsal^  dm 
Cor'dova.  el  Gran  CapUan  (1458-1516). 

Manuel  I.  [ComnCiuis]  emperor  ot 
Trebizond,  is  so  called  also  (II20, 114a- 
1180). 

Great  Cham  of  Idteratnre,  Df  • 

Samuel  Johnson  (1709-1784). 


GRKAT  COMMONEK. 


408 


GREEK  CHURCH. 


Great  Commoner  (The),  William 
Pitt  (1769-1806). 

Qreat  Dauphin  (The),  Lotds  the 
■OQ  of  Louis  XIV.  (1661-1711). 

%♦  The  «*Utae  Dauphin^  was  the 
duke  of  BooTgogne,  son  of  the  Great  or 
Grand  Danphixu  Both  died  bciore  Louis 
XIV. 

Great  I>tike  (7^),  flie  duke  of 
Wemngton  (176»-1852). 

Wldi  an  covin's  Imamtatkm  i 
Ifltw  bHj  tk«  Gnat  Dak* 
I^  tko  wiiH  of  tiba  moaralnc  of  tt  great  BAtioii. 

Tminjtfaa. 

Great-Head  or  CAiofORK,  Mal- 
eofan  UI.  of  Scotland  (*,  1057-1093). 

Great-heart  (^r.),  tiie  guide  of 
Oiriitiana  and  her  family  to  the  Celestial 
Gty, — ^Bonyan,  J*ilgriui*§  Progress,  ii. 
(16»1). 

Great  Magician  (The)  or  The 
Qrtat  Magidcm  of  the  iVbr<A,  sir  Walter 
SeotL  So  ealled  first  by  pnxfessor  John 
Wilson  (1771-1832). 

Great  Marquis  (The),  James  Gra- 
maiqois  of  Montrose  (1612-1650). 

Fva  toU  tbaa  how  we  ivapt  Dandai^ 
lanad  tha  liiMki^V  ptUe ; 
nr  tasva  1  told  tbee  Mt 
thaGnatllaiqabiBed. 


Great  Marqms  (The),  dom  Sebastiano 
Jose  de  GarnUlio,  marqms  de  Pombal, 
gffliist  (rf  all  the  P^rtngnese  statesmen 
(1699-1782). 

Ck^at  Moralist  (The),  Dr.  Samuel 
Jobnsoa  (1709-1784). 

Great  Sea  (The\,    The  Ifediterra- 
Sea  was  so  called  by  the  ancients. 


Great  Unknown  ( The),  sir  Walter 
Seott,  who  published  his  Waeerley  Novels 
lymooaly  (1771-1832). 


Great  Unwashed  (The).  The 
aitiMui  class  were  first  so  called  by  sir 
W.  Scott. 

Gh^eaves  (Sir  lamtorioi),  a  well-bred 
young  Engliui  squire  of  the  George  II. 
period;  handsome,  virtuous,  and  en- 
Bgbtened,  but  crack-brained.  He  sets 
out,  attended  by  an  old  sea-captain,  to 
detect  ftand  and  treason,  abase  inso- 
loioe,  mortify  pride,  discourse  slander, 
diignoe  immodesty,  and  punish  ingrati- 
tude. Sir  Launcelot,  in  fact,  is  a  modem 
doo  Quixote,  and  captain  Crow  is  his 


Sancho  Panza.~T.  Smollett,  The  Advei^ 
tures  of  Sir  Z-aunoelot  Greaves  (1760). 

SmoQatt  bacama  editor  of  Um  OHHeat  Mewttw,  and  m 
attack  in  that  Jaamal  on  admtaal  Kmnrlee  led  to  a  trial 
for  UbeL  Tba  anthor  wae  eeuteiicad  to  p^  a  flne  of 
£100.  and  rnObir  three  monthe'  hnprieoiunewt.  Be  eon* 
eoled  bboeelf  la  priHNi  bjr  writtna  hb  novel  of  loMweelei 
0rM*w.-Chambeta,  Wm^tahliUtruftn,  U.  96. 

Grecian  Danshter  (The),  Eu- 
phrasia, daughter  of  Evander  a  Greek, 
who  dc^roned  Dionysius  the  Elder,  ana 
became  king  of  Syracuse.  In  his  old  age 
he  was  himself  dethroned  by  Dionysius 
the  Younger,  and  confined  in  a  dungeon 
in  a  rock,  where  he  was  sared  from  star- 
vation bv  his  daughter,  who  fed  him  witii 
"  the  milk  designed  for  her  own  babe.** 
Timoleon  having  made  himself  master  of 
Syracuse,  Dionysius  accidentally  en- 
coimtered  Evander  his  piisoner,  and  was 
about  to  kill  him,  when  Euphrasia  rushed 
forwards  and  stabbed  the  tyrant  to  the 
heart— A.  Murphy,  The  Oreoum  Daughter 
(1772). 

*«*  As  an  historical  drama,  this  plot  it 
much  the  same  as  if  the  writer  had  said 
that  James  I.  (of  England)  abdicated  and 
retired  to  St.  Germain,  and  when  his  son 
James  II.  succeeded  to  Uie  croM'u,  he  was 
beheaded  at  White  HaU ;  for  Murphy 
makes  Dionysius  the  Elder  to  have  been 
dethroned,  and  ^oing  to  Corinth  to  live 
(act  i.),  and  Dionysius  the  Younger  to 
have  been  slain  by  the  dagger  of  Eu- 
phrasia ;  whereas  Dionysius  the  Elder 
never  was  dethroned,  but  died  in  Syracuse 
at  the  age  ot  68;  and  Dionysius  the 
Younger  was  not  slain  in  Syracuse,  but 
bein^  dethroned,  went  to  Corinth,  where 
he  lived  and  died  in  exile. 

Greece  (The  two  eyes  of),  Athens  and 
Sparta. 

Greedy  (Justiee),  thin  as  s  thread- 
pcr,  always  eating  and  always  hungry, 
^e  my%  to  sir  Giles  Overreach  (act  iii.  1). 
**  Oh,  I  do  much  honour  a  chine  of  be^f 
Oh,  I  do  reverence  a  loin  of  veal ! "  As  a 
justice,  he  is  most  venial— the  promise  of 
a  turkey  will  buy  him,  but  the  promise 
of  a  haunch  of  venison  will  out-buy  him. 
— Massinger,  A  New  Way  to  Fay  OldJMfU 
(1628). 

Greek  M),  a  pander ;  a  merry  Greek, 
a  foolish  Greek,  a  Corinthian,  etc.,  all 
mean  either  pander  or  harlot.  Frequently 
used  by  Shakespeare  in  Timon  of  Athens 
(1678),  and  in  Henry  IV,  (1697-9). 

Greek  Church  (Fathers  of  the)% 
EusebiuB,  Athana'sius,  Basil  "  the  Great,** 
Gregory  Nazianae'nns,  Gregory  of  Nysaa^ 


6*. 


OmOEK  KALENDS. 


404 


GRKEIV  KKI6HT: 


Oyrii  of  JenuHiIein,  Oirn'ostom,  Epiplut'- 
miii,  Cjril  of  Alexandria,  and  Epluaim 
dcaeoo  of  EdcMa. 

Greek  Kalends,  nerer.  Thenwert 
BO  kalends  in  the  Greek  aystcm  of  reekoo- 
ing  the  months.  Hence  Saetonins  says 
it  shall  be  tnamtemdadOracoM  caUndat^ 
or,  in  parltamentary  phraee,  **to  this  day 
six  months." 


•nmm 

1otlM(hMk 

Vrnm.  Dm  ^kMN.  iIlL  49  (USD. 

Qreekfl  (Last  of  the),  Philopos'men  of 
If  ^alop'oiis.  whose  groat  object  was  to 
infuse  into  the  Achseans  a  mibtary  S|»rit, 
and  establish  tbeif  independence  (b.o. 
262-183). 

Or«eA$  joined  Greeks,  CiytoM  said  to 
Alexander  that  Philip  was  the  greater 
warrior: 


And  fought  bciMUfa  hto  drMdftil  bMUMr. 
TiM  boldcM  kt  thli  table  would  Imv*  tramblad. 
May.  frova  aoC  riv.  you  cunuot  look  mo  doiid : 
WbMi  Qfcoks^oiMd  Gradu.  tbM  «M  tlM  t«  oTvw. 
M.  Leo,  AUammdtr  th»  Ormt,  fv.  S  (ItTS). 

*«*  Blightly  altered  into  When  Greek 
joinsOreMjttymisthetugofwMr,  Thisline 
of  Nathaniel  Lee  has  become  a  household 
phrase. 

To  play  the  Greeks  to  act  like  a  harlot. 
When  Cressid  says  of  Helen,  **Then 
she's  a  merry  Greek  indeed,"  she  means 
that  Helen  is  no  better  than  tkfiUepMiqm, 
Probably  Shakespeare  had  his  eye  upon 
*<fair  Hiren,"  in  PeeKs  pUy  caUed  The 
ISwkish  Mahomet  and  Hyren.  the  Fait 
Greek,  **  A  fair  Greek  "  was  at  one  time 
a  euphemism  for  a  oonrtesan. 

areen  (Mr,  Paddiitgton)^  derk  at 
Somerset  House. 

Mrs,  PaddingUm  Green,  his  wife. — ^T. 
H.  Morton,  If  I  had  a  Thousand  a  Year, 

Green  (Verdant)^  a  young  man  of 
infinite  simplicity,  who  goes  to  college, 
and  is  played  upon  by  idl  the  practical 
jokers  of  aima  mater.  After  he  has 
bought  his  knowledge  by  experience,, 
tbe^utt  becomes  the  *' butter"  of  juve- 
niles greener  than  himself.  Yerdani 
Green  wore  spectacles,  which  won  for 
him  the  nickname  of  **  Gig-lamps." — 
Cuthbcrt  Bede  [Rer.  Edw.  Bradley], 
ferdant  Green  (1860). 

Green  {Widow^,  a  nch,  buxom  dame 
of  40,  who  marned  first  for  money,  and 
intended  to  choose  her  second  husband 
**to  please  her  vanity."  She  fancied 
Waller  loved  her,  and  meant  to  make 
her  his  wife,  but  sir  William  Fondlove 


was  her  adorer.  When  the  politic  widow 
discovered  that  Waller  had  fixed  his  lore 
on  another,  she  gave  her  hand  to  the  old 
bean,  sir  WilliMD ;  for  it  the  news  got 
wind  of  her  love  for  Waller,  she  wonld 
become  the  laughing-stock  of  all  her 
friends.— S.  Knowles,  The  Lom^Chase 
(1837). 

Oxeen-Bae  Inquixy  {The).  A 
green  bag  fulfof  documents,  said  to  ba 
seditious,  was  laid  before  parliament  by 
lord  Sidmouth,  in  1817.  An  "  inquiry^ 
was  made  into  these  documents,  ana  ii 
was  de«ned  advisable  to  suspend  the 
Habeas  Corpus  Act,  and  forbid  all  sorts 
of  politicid  meetings  Ukely  to  be  of  a 
seditious  character. 

Oreen  BlrdL  Martyrs,  sAer  dnth, 
partite  of  the  delights  of  bliss  in  the 
crops  of  green  birds,  whidi  feed  on  tlM 
fruits  of  paradise. — Jallalo^ddin, 

Green  Bird  ^The),  a  bird  Oat  told 
one  everything  it  was  asked.  An  oracolar 
bird,  oStaind  by  Fairstar  after  the 
failure  of  Chery  and  her  two  brothere. 
It  was  this  bird  who  revealed  to  the  king 
that  Fairstar  was  his  daughter  and 
Chery  his  nephew. — Comtesse  D*Aunoy, 
Fairy  Tales  ("Fairstar  and  Prince 
Chery,"  1682). 

Oreen  Handg,  inferior  sailors ;  alao 
called  ''boys,"  quite  irrespeotive  of  age. 
A  crew  is  divided  into  (1)  able  seaman, 
(2)  ordinary  seamen,  and  (3)  green  handa 
or  boys,  who  need  know  noti^ag  aboot  a 
ship,  not  even  the  name  of  a  single  rope. 

Green  Horse  (7^^),  the  5tik 
Dragoon  Guards  (not  the  5th  Dragooiu). 
So  called  from  their  green  velvet  fadnga. 

Oreen  Howards  (The),  the  19th 
Foot.  So  called  from  the  Hon.  Chailes 
Howard,  their  colonel  from  1788  to  1748. 

Oreen  Isle  (The)  or  Trs  £mbrau> 
lauE,  Ireland. 

▲  PMMWte  il»rirtii1irti  of  m» 


Oreen  Knight  {17te),  sir  Perto- 
lope  (8  syL),  called  by  Tennyson  *'  Even- 
ing Star"  or  "  Hesperus."  He  was  one 
of  the  four  brothers  who  kept  the  passages 
of  Castle  Perilous,  and  was  overthrown 
by  sir  Gareth.— Sir  T.  Malory,  Jlistory  of 
Prince  Arthtir,  i.  127  (1470) ;  Tennyson, 
Jdutts  C*  Gareth  and  Lynette  "). 

•**  It  is  evidently  a  blunder  of  Tenny* 
son  to  call  the  Green  Knight  **  Evening 
Star,"  and  the  Bhie  Kni^t  **  Homing 


GREEK  KNIGHT. 


406 


GRENYTLLB. 


.**  In  the  old  TiMiunoe  the  combat 
with  the  "Green  Knu^fwws  tA  dawn, 
wad  wiOi  the  "Bloe  Knight**  mt  mmset. 
--See  Notes  ami  Qvetiet  (Fehmaiy  16, 
1878). 

Qnm  Kmghi  (2^))  a  pagu  kni^^ 
who  demanded  Fezon  in  marriage,  but 
bong  overcome  by  Orson,  was  obu^^  to 
Rsign  his  daim.—  Vai«ntm$  and  Ora<m 
(fifiecotii  ceotxuy). 

Green  Iiettuee  I«ane  (St  Law- 
Race,  Ponltney),  a  comption  of  "Green 
Latdoe ;**  ao  called  from  the^^reen  lattice 
nte  which  vaed  to  open  into  Gannon 
btiect. 

Qzeen  XdnnetSy  the    89th    Foot. 
are  green. 

(The),    The  man  who 

md  to  let  «II  firwRTorfca  was  so  oaUed  in 
^  leigB  of  James  I. 

uX  Tht  awtn  ChmmpUms  ^ 

fhteik  Mam,  {The),  a  gentleman's 
ganekeepcr,  at  one  time  dad  m  green. 

Itt  OteAMB  MkB  rfuiB  I  pMi  by  ■noniit . . . 

flwftmitiifc.1gTi^  messenger  of  the  earl 
•f  Derby.—Sif  W.  Scott,  Pvoenl  of  the 
Peek  (time,  diaries  II.). 

Gveenliom  (Mr.  OUberi),  an  attor- 
in   partaeiuup  with    Mr.    Gabriel 


Mr,  Gemigo  Oreenhomy  father  of  Mr. 
Gilibcxt.~SiT  W.  Scott,  The  Antiquary 
(time,  George  III.). 

Oveenleof  (OUbert)^t  old  archer  at 
Doagks  GaaHc-^ir  W.  Scott,  Castle 
Ihi^ferone  (time,  Henry  I.). 

Gregory.     "St    Gregory's   Day," 


Mardi 


ladalltliatiignqr; 

.  XMxr.  S  (US7). 


Gregorjf,  *  faggot-maker  of  good 
edaeatioo,  first  at  a  charity  sehool, 
then  as  waiter  on  an  Oxford  stwlent,  and 
Ihen  as  the  fas  of  a  trayelling  physician. 
When  compeU«d  to  act  the  doctor,  he 
•ays  the  disease  of  his  patient  arises  ^om 
''pmpria  qu»  maribns  tribuuntor  mas- 
eila  '  dicas,  at  smit  divomm,  Mars, 
Bacchus,  Apollo,  viromm.**  And  when 
«r  Jaapar  aaya,  "I  always  thon^t  till 
mm  thsi  the  heart  is  on  the  left  side  and 
fta  Ihrcr  oa  tlie  nc^"  he  replies,  <«  Ay, 


sir,  so  they  were  formerly,  but  we  hare 
changed  all  that."  In  Moli^*s  comedy, 
Le  MSdeom  Malgr€Lwy  Gregory  is  called 
'*  Sganaielle,"  and  all  these  jokes  are  in 
act  ii.  6. — ^Henry  Fielding,  The  Mock 
Doctor, 

Cfregory,  father  and  son.  hangmen  in 
tilie  seventeenth  oentnry.  In  the  time  of 
the  Gregorys,  hangmen  were  termed 
' '  eaqnires."  In  France,  execntioners  were 
termed  "  monsienr^'*  even  to  the  breaking 
out  of  the  Revolution. 

Gregeon  (Withw)^  Darsie  Latimer's 
landhu^  at  Shepherd's  Bush.— Sir  W. 
Soott,  BedgoMHtlet  (time,  George  III.). 

Gregeon  (Giibcrt),  the  messenger  of 
father  Bnonaventura. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Sedgauntlei  (time,  George  III.). 

Qre'xnio,  an  old  man  who  wishes  to 
marry  Bianca,    but    the    lady    prefer* 
Lncentio,  a  young   man. — Shakespeara, 
Taming  of  the  Shrew  (1594). 

Giendel,  the  monster  from  which 
Beowulf  delivered  Hrothgar  king  of 
Denmark.  It  was  half  monster,  half 
man,  w&ose  haunt  was  the  marshes  among 
"  a  monster  race."  Night  after  ni^t  it 
orept  stealthily  into  tibo  palace  caUed 
^eorot,  and  slew  sometimes  as  many  as 
thirty  of  the  inmates.  At  length  Beowulf 
at  the  head  of  a  mixed  band  oi  warriorsi 
went  against  it  and  slew  it. — BeomUf^  an 
Anglo-^axon  epic  (sixth  century). 

Qrenville  (Sir  Bichard),  the  com- 
mander of  The  Revenge^  in  tne  rei^  of 
queen  Elizabeth.  Out  of  his  crew,  ninety 
were  sick  on  shore,  and  only  a  hundred 
able-bodied  men  remained  on  board. 
The  Revenge  was  one  of  the  six  ships 
under  the  command  of  lord  Thomas 
Howard.  While  cruising  near  the  Azores, 
a  Spanish  fleet  of  fifty-three  ships  mad^ 
towards  the  English,  and  lord  Howard 
sheered  off,  sa3niig,  **M^  ships  are  out 
of  gear,  and  how  can  six  ships-of-the- 
linefl^htwithfifty-thrco?"  Sir  Richard 
Grenville,  however,  resolved  to  stay  and 
encounter  the  foe,  and  **  ship  after  ship 
tilie  whole  night  long  drew  back  with  her 
dead ;  some  were  sunk,  more  were  shat- 
tered;" and  the  brave  hundred  still 
fought  on.  Sir  Richard  was  wounded* 
and  his  ship  riddled,  but  his  cry  was  still 
**  Fight  onV*  When  resistance  was  no 
longer  possible,  he  cried,  "  Sink  the  ship, 
master  gunner !  sink  her !  Split  her  in 
twain,  nor  let  her  fail  into  Uie  hands  of 
the  foe!"    Bat  the  Spaniards  boarded 


QRE8HAM  AND  THE  PEARL.      406 


GRIFFIN. 


her^  and  praised  sir  Richard  for  bis  heroic 
danng.     "  I  have  done  my  doty  for  my 

Saeen  and  faith/'  he  said,  and  died.  The 
paniarda  sent  the  prixe  home,  hat  a 
tempest  came  on,  and  The  Bevenifje,  shot- 
shattered,  "went  down, to  be  lost  ever- 
more in  the  main.*' — Tennyson.  Tke 
Hetengef  a  ballad  of  the  fleet  (1878). 

Fronde  has  an  essay  on  Uie  subiect. 
Canon  Kingsley,  in  Westward  Ho  I  has 
drawn  sir  Richard  Grenville,  and  alludes 
to  the  fight.  Arber  published  three  small 
volumes  on  sir  Ricnard's  noble  exploit. 
Gervase  Markham  has  a  long  poem  on 
the  subject.  Sir  Walter  Rakigh  says: 
*'  If  lord  Howard  had  stood  to  his  guns, 
the  Spanish  fleet  would  have  been  annihi- 
lated." Probably  Browning's  Herv^  Riel 
was  present  to  tiie  mind  of  Tennyson 
when  he  wrote  the  ballad  of  The  Hevenge, 

Gresham  and  the  Pearl.  When 
qneen  Elizabeth  visited  the  Exdiange, 
sir  Thomas  Gresham  pled^^  her  health 
in  a  cup  of  wine  containing  a  precious 
stone  crushed  to  atomsi  and  worth 
£15,000. 

H««  £10.000  aft  OM  dap  ffo« 
lM(«idof  tngu;  Gmhiun  drinks  the  pani 
Unto  hb  quem  and  mlstraa.    Pladga  It,  lerda. 
Hflprood.  //  ram  Knomnot  M*.  Ton  Kn»m  jr»bo4g. 


*«*  It  is  devoutly  to  be  hoped  that  sir 
Thomas  was  above  such  absurd  vanity, 
very  well  for  queen  Cleopatra,  but  more 
tluui  ridiculous  in  such  an  imitation. 

Oresham  and  the  Grasshopper,  There 
is  a  vulgar  tradition  that  sir  Thomas 
Gresham  was  a  foundling,  and  that  the 
old  beldame  who  brought  him  up  was 
attracted  to  the  spot  where  ahe  found 
him,  by  Uie  loud  chirping  of  a  grass- 
hopper. 

*«*  This  tale  arose  from  the  grass- 
hopper, which  forms  the  enai  of  sir 
Thomas. 

To  Sup  ufith  sir  Thomas  Oresham, 
to  have  no  supper.  Similarly,  **  to  dine 
with  duke  Humphrey,"  is  to  have  no- 
where to  dine.  The  Royal  Exchange 
was  at  one  time  a  common  lounging-plaoe 
for  idlers. 


TW  UtUe  coin  thr  pvmlea  podnti  Km. 

Yet  wltfi  great  oonijpanjr  Uxm'tt  taken  np } 
For  oflm  with  duke  HumphreT  thoa  dost  dlM^ 

And  oftan  with  sir  Tboma*  Qradiam  wp. 
Uajinaa,  qmUUUtt  (Epigram  on  a  loate.  16f8). 

Qretchen.  a  German  diminutive  of 
Margaret ;  (he  heroine  of  Goetiie's 
Faust.  Faust  meets  her  on  her  return 
from  churcli,  falls  in  love  with  her,  and 
at  last  seduces  her.  Overcome  with 
■hame,  Gretchen  destroys  the  infant  to 
vhich  she  gives  birth,  and,  is  condemned 


to  death.  Faust  attempts  to  save  Iht; 
and,  gaining  admission  to  the  dnngeoa, 
finds  her  huddled  on  a  bed  of  stra^r, 
singing  wild  snatches  of  ballads,  quite 
insane.  He  ^es  to  induce  her  to  flee 
with  him,  but  in  vain.  At  daybreak, 
Mephistophel^B,  Gretchen  dies  and  Faoat 
is  taken  away. 

Grd«hen  is  a  perfect  union  of  home- 
liness and  simplicity,  thou^  her  love  is 
strong  as  death ;  yet  is  she  a  human 
woman  throughout  and  never  a  mere 
abstraction.  No  character  ever  drawn 
takes  so  strong  a  hold  on  tiie  heart,  and, 
with  all  her  imults,  who  does  not  lore 
and  pity  her? 

G-reth'el  (Oammer),  the  hypotheticel 
narrator  of  the  tales  edited  by  tke 
brothers  Grimm. 

%*  Said  to  be  Frao  Vidimlnin.  wife  of 
a  peasant  in  the  suburbs  of  Hesse  Csseel, 
from  whose  mouth  the  broihen  tcan- 
scribed  the  tales. 

Orey  (Lady  Jane),  a  tragedy  by  N. 
Rowe  (1715).  Another  by  Ross  Neil; 
and  one  by  Tennyson  (1876). 

In  I^-ench,  LapUce  (174fi),  Mde.  de 
Stael  (1800),  Ok.  Bnisnt  (1812),  and 
Alexandre  Soumet  (1844),  prodooed 
tragedies  on  the  same  sul^ect.  Panl 
Delaroche  has  a  fine  picture  called  **  Le 
Supplice  de  Jane  Grey"  (1835). 

Qribotdlle,  the  wiseacre  who  threw 
himself  into  a  river  that  his  dothce 
might  not  get  wetted  by  the  nain. — A 
Fnnch  Prof^ririoU  Sayimg, 

Gride  (Arihur),  a  mean  old  osora^ 
who  wished  to  many  Madeline  Bray,  bnfe 
Madeline  loved  Nicholas  Nickleby,  and 
married  hiiq.  Gride  was  murdered*' — C 
Dickens,  Nicholas  Nickleby  (1838). 

Orieux  (Le  chevalier  de),  the  here  of 
a  French  novel  by  A.  F.  Pr^ost,  called 
Manon  CEscaut.  translated  into  English 
by  Charlotte  Smith.  A  discreditable 
connection  exists  between  De  Grieox 
and  Manon,  but  as  the  novel  |m>eeedji 
Manon  changes  from  "the  fair  misdhief*' 
to  the  faith^  comnanion,  following  tibe 
fortunes  of  her  husband  in  dts^race  and 
banishment,  and  dying  by  his  side  in  the 
wUds  of  America  (1697-1768). 


Grieve  {Jocfde),  landlord  of  an 
house  near  Charlie's  Hope. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Guy  Mannermg  (time,  Ueoige  IL). 

GrifEln  iAUan),  landlord  of  the  Grif- 
fin inn,  at  Perth.— Sir  W.  Seott,  iWr 
Mmd  of  Perth  (time,  Henry  1 Y.). 


GRIFFIN-FEET. 


407 


GRIPS. 


OriAn-lbety  the  mark  by  which  the 
Doeft  Faiiy  was  known  in  all  her  meta- 
■K>rplftoae8. — Comtesee  D' Annoy,  Fairy 
TiaUs  C*  The  TeUow  Dwaxf,"  1682). 

Ortffithfl  {(HdSy  steward  of  the  eari 
3<  Derby.— Sir  W.  Scott»  Peceril  of  ths 
P^ak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

OrigUhs  (Sammel)f  London  agent  of  sir 
Arthur  Darne  Redgauntlet. -^  Sir  W. 
Scott,  BedgaaUUt  (time,  (^rge  III.). 

GIriflet  {Sr),  knighted  by  kinf 
Arthur  at  the  request  of  lieriin,  who  told 
dw  king  that  sir  Griflet  would  prove 
^oneof  the  best  knights  of  the  worid, 
and  the  steongest  man  of  arms.** — Sir  T. 
Makxy,  HUiory  of  Prmoe  Artkmr,  i.  20 
(1470). 


T)m  wofd 
tfa*  Ifttfjan 
Swlfl. 
17M). 

Grim,  a  fisherman  who  rescued,  from 
a  boat  tamed  adrift,  an  inCftnt  named 
Habloc,  whom  he  adopted  and  brought 
m^  This  infant  was  the  son  of  the  king 
of  Denmark,  and  when  restored  to  his 
fvjal  Csther,  the  fisherman,  laden  with 
Its,  built  the  village,  which  he 
after  his  own  name,  QriiM-by  or 
"Gfim'stown." 

\*  The  anciatt  seal  of  the  town  oon« 
tuaed    the    names 
^Habloc.** 


of    "Gryme"   and 


Grim  (GiaaUjj  a  hnge  fpttui,  who  tried 
Is  sbH>  inlgrims  on  their  way  to  the 
Gdestul  CSty.  He  was  slain  by  Mr. 
GieaCfaeart. — ^Banyan,  FUgriaCa  Progreu, 
vu  (1684). 

Qrimalkin,  a  cat,  the  spirit  of  a 
witch.  Any  witch  wis  pennitted  to 
asBOBM  the  body  of  a  cat  nine  times. 
When  the  "first  Witch**  (in  Madbeth) 
a  cat  mew,  she  says,  *'I  come, 
i"(actLscl). 


Grimey  the  partner  of  Item  the 
■anrer.  It  is  to  Grime  that  Item  appeals 
when  he  wants  to  fudge  his  clients. 
**  Ckn  we  do  so,  Mr.  Grime  ?  "  brings  the 
stock  answer,  "Quite  impossible,  Mr. 
Item."— Holcroft,  The  Deserted  DmigliUr 
(1784),  altered  into  The  Stevoard, 

Orimes  {Peier\  the  drunkm,  thievish 
son  of  a  steady  fisherman.  He  had  a 
boy,  whom  he  killed  by  ill-usage,  and 
two  others  he  made  away  with ;  out  es- 
caped eooviction  throned  defect  of  evi- 


dence. As  no  one  would  live  wifli  hini« 
he  turned  mad,  was  lod^^  in  the  parish 
poor-house,  confessed  his  crimes  in  de- 
lirium, and  died. — Crabbe,  Borough^  xxlL 
(1810). 

Orimes'by  (<M[er\wx  old  fanner  at 
Marlborough.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Kenaworth 
(time,  Elizabeth). 

Grimwiff,  an  irascible  old  gentle- 
man, who  hid  a  very  kind  heart  under  a 
rough  exterior.  He  was  Mr.  Brownlow's 
great  friend,  and  was  alwavs  declaring 
himself  ready  to  "eat  his  Wi**  if  he 
was  mistaken  on  any  point  on  which  he 
passed  an  opinion.— (;.  Dickens,  Otiter 
Twist  (1887). 

Grinderson  {Mr,  Oabriel)^  partner 
of  Mr.  Greenhorn.  They  are  the  attor- 
nqrs  who  press  sir  Arthur  Wardour  for 
the  payment  of  debts.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
The  Antiquary  (time,  (Seorge  lU.). 

Grip,  the  clever  raven  of  Bainabr 
Rudge.  During  the  Gordon  riots  it 
learnt  the  cry  of  "  No  Popery  !  '*  Other 
of  its  phrases  were:  "Fm  a  devil!" 
"Never  say  die!**  "Polly,  put  the 
ketUe  on!**  etc.— C  Dickens,  BanM6y 
Rvdge  (1841). 

Gri]^  (1  sy/.),  a  scrivener,  husband 
of  Clanssa,  but  with  a  tetuire  for  Ara- 
minta  the  wife  of  his  friend  Mooeytrap. 
He  is  a  miserly,  money-loving,  pig- 
headed  hunks,  but  is  duped  out  ol  £250 
b^  his  foolish  lildng  for  his  neighbour's 
wife.— Sir  John  Yanbrugh,  The  Cb»- 
federacy  (1695). 

Oripe  (1  9yL)f  the  English  name  of 
(l^ronte,  m  (>tway*8  version  of  MoIi^Te*8 
comedy  of  Lee  Ihurberiee  de  Scapm,  His 
daughter,  called  in  French  Hyacinthe,  is 
called  "  Clara,**  and  his  son  Leandre  is 
Anglicized  into  "  Leander.**— Th.  Otway, 
The  Chtxxte  of  Soapm, 

Oripe  {Sir  Franda)^  a  man  of  64^ 
guaroian  of  Miranda  an  heiress,  and 
father  of  Oiarles.  He  wants  to  marry 
his  ward  for  the  sake  of  her  money,  and 
as  she  cannot  obtain  her  property  witihout 
his  consent  to  her  marriage,  she  pretends 
to  be  in  love  with  him,  and  even  fixes  tiie 
day  of  espousals.  "  Gardy,"  quite  secure 
that  he  is  the  man  of  her  choice,  gives 
his  consent  to  her  marri^e,  and  sho 
marries  sir  George  Airy^  a  man  of  34» 
The  old  man  laughs  at  sir  Geor^  whom 
he  fancies  he  b  duping,  but  he  is  nil 


GRIPUS. 


4011 


GR0N0TIU8. 


Am  d«M  ftU  tbroiif!li. — Mm.  Gentlirrei 
He  Busy  Body  (1709). 


S.  17M.  MmdMi  Mad*  kk  bov  to  tb*  ( 
baoM  M  "dt  FnuMfa  Odg*.'— Memoir  ^ 

Qiipua,  a  ■tnpidi  venial  judge,  uncle 
of  AlcmSna,  and  toe  betrothed  of  Ph«dia 
(Alcmena't  vaiting-maid),  in  Dryden^t 
Gomedy  of  Amj^hitryom,  Neither  Gripus 
DOT  rhadia  is  among  the  drmmaiis 
persona  ot  Moli^*a  oon^y  of  Amph^ 

cryon. 

OriBUda  or  Oriaelda,  the  model  of 
patience  and  submiMion,  meant  to  alio- 

Srize  the  submission  of  a  holy  mind  to 
e  will  of  God.  Grisilda  was  the 
daughter  of  a  charco«tl-bumer,  but  be- 
came the  wife  of  Walter  marquis  of 
Saluzjco.  Her  husband  tried  her,  as  God 
tried  Job,  and  with  the  same  result:  (1) 
He  took  away  her  infant  daughter,  and 
secretly  conveyed  it  to  the  oueen  of 
Pa'via  to  be  brought  up,  wnile  the 
mother  was  made  to  believe  thmt  it  was 
murdftred.  (2)  Four  years  later  she  had 
a  son,  which  was  also  taken  from  her, 
and  was  sent  to  be  brought  up  with  his 
■ister.  (8)  Eight  years  later,  Grisilda 
was  divorced,  and  sent  back  to  her  native 
ootta^  because  her  husband,  as  she  was 
told,  mtended  to  marry  another.  When, 
however^  lord  Walter  saw  no  indication  of 
murmuring  or  jealousy,  he  told  Grisilda 
that  the  supposed  nval  was  her  own 
daughter,  and  her  patience  and  submis- 
sion met  with  their  full  reward. — Chaucer. 
CanUrimry  Tales  ("The  Clerk's  Tale,** 
1888). 

*«*  The  tale  of  GrisUda  is  the  last  in 
Boccaccio's  Decameron,  Petrarch  ren- 
dered it  into  a  Latin  romance,  entitled 
De  Obedadia  et  Fide  Uxoria  Mythohgia. 
In  the  middle  of  the  sixteenth  centiury, 
appeared  a  ballad  and  also  a  prose  ver- 
sion of  Patient  Grissel.  Miss  EdgeworUi 
has  a  domestic  novel  entitled  TTEtf  Modem 
Griseida,  The  tale  of  Griselda  is  an 
allegory  on  the  text,  "  The  Lord  gave, 
and  the  Lord  hath  taken  away ;  blessed 
be  the  name  of  the  Lord.'* 

PcttMcfa.  Mid  wat  WBt  bf  bbn  to  Boca 
It  eune  to  Ctmatm.'—Pr^fao*  f  Falbtm. 


Qriskillifl'sa,  wife  of  Artaxaminous 
king  of  Utopia.  The  king  felt  in  doubt, 
and  asked  his  minister  of  state  this 
knotty  question : 

■mJI  I  W9  Grkklataai'i  dianu  Imvoo, 
Oonpal  hM-  to  ghr*  up  the  roful  dwilr, 
ptMathcNwDMaflBki 


The   minister   reminds    tiie    king 
Distaffina  is  betrothed  to  his  gcneraL 

Aad  wotM  tt  kli«  kto 
Icantadvha. 
W.  & 


rMtf  tcwt. 


Oriseel  or  OriaeL  Octavia,  tlM 
wife  of  Mark  Antony,  and  sister  of 
Augustus,  is  called  the  "patient  Griad 
of  Koman  stoiy.** 

For  iiatkM*  rfM  «0  proM  »  Mooad  QilMri. 

GrlB'el  Dal'mahoy  {Miss),  tlM 
seamstress.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Heart  of 
MidlotMkM  (time,  George  IL).  i 

Oris'sie,  maid-servant  to  Mrs.  Saddle- 
tree.—Sir  W.  Scott,  Heart  of  Midloikim 
(tame,  Cieoige  II.). 

Oriz'sie,  one  of  the  servants  of  Hie 
Rev.  Josiah  CaigilL— Sir  W.  Scott,  BL, 
BomM's  WeU  (tune,  Geoige  IIL). 

Oris'sle,  chambermaid  at  the  (Soldea 
Arms  inn,  at  Kijppletringan.— -Sir  W. 
Scott,  Guy  Mannering  (time,  Geoige  II.). 

Grizzle  (Lord),  the  first  peer  of  Hie 
realm  in  the  court  of  king  Arthur.  Ha 
is  in  love  with  the  princess  Huncamunoa, 
and  as  the  lady  is  promised  in  maniag* 
to  the  valiant  Tom  Thumb,  he  turns 
traitor,  and  **  leads  his  rebel  rout  to  tiia 
palace  gate."  Here  Tom  Thumb  en- 
counters the  rebels,  and  Glnmdalea,  the 
giantess,  thrusts  at  the  tnutor,  but  misses 
him.  llien  the  **  pigmy  giaiit-killer " 
runs  him  through  tne  body.  The  black 
cart  comes  up  to  drsg  him  off,  but  the 
dead  man  tells  the  carter  he  need  not 
trouble  himself,  as  he  intends  **to  bear 
himself  off/*  and  so  he  does. — Tom 
Thumb,  by  Fielding  the  novelist  (1780), 
altered  by  Kane  O'Hara,  author  of  Midas 
(1778). 

Oroaf  seCtaP  (Ifis*  Clara),  niece  of 
the  old  ladv  Glowrowrum,  and  one  of  the 
guests  at  Bnri^h  Westra. 

iftM  Maddie  Groatsettar,  niece  of  the 
old  lady  Glowrowrum,  and  one  of  the 
gneets  at  Burgh  Westra.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
The  Pirate  (time,  William  III.). 

OrofREU^'ius,  king  of  Aquitania,  who 
resisted  Brute  the  mythical  great-grand- 
son of  ^neas,  who  landed  Uiere  on  his 
way  to  Britain. — ^M.  Drairton,  Polyo^km, 
i.  (1012). 

QronoviUB,  father  and  son,  critics 
and  humanists  (father,  1611-1671 ;    son, 
1645-1716). 
I  hsTt  more  wlitdMtfoii  Id  iMboliliv  yoa  Umpb  I 


GROOM. 


409 


GRUEBY. 


■ppn^Mtion  than  that  o(  IIm 
■.'—Mm  'Ocywl«r.  WW»  tk»  t>»-w ?  L  3. 


(Scaliger,  fa^er  (1484-1558),  ton 
(1540-1609),  critics  and  humanists.) 

Qroom  {Squttv),  **a  downright, 
Engliahi  NewmariL«i,  stable-bred  gen- 
tleman-jockey, who,  having  ruined  his 
finances  by  aogs,  grooms,  cocks,  and 
horses  .  .  .  thinks  to  retrieve  his  affairs 
hy  a  matrimonial  alliance  with  a  City 
fortune  "  (canto  i.  1).  He  is  one  of  the 
suitors  of  Charlotte  (}oodchiId ;  but, 
supposing  ihe  report  to  be  true  that  she 
has  lost  her  money,  he  says  to  her 
guardian: 


jrat  rir  Iboodon;  I  alwagn  nalw  BMrimtdi 
lag  to  ite  wlsht  BBf  thlBg  eaa  earry.    Wb«a  1 
lotaka  kcr  Into  nv  liable,  riM  wai  mniimI  and  In 
-.*,«Me:lwt  I  haar  bar  wind  is  toadied.  Ifio.I«oaM 
■M  back  Mr  tor  a  dillllas.  MatriaMKf  is  a  long  oowa^ 

QJTWI. 

Lm  Isva^  grsai  uut  [1740-180S1    Ona 

rahawHi.  Lvves  asla  wiiiwillilin  not  Id  tha 

"Bar.   horl'  cried   MaekUa;    "what's  tbatt 

tbaf'    **0li.*r«pB«lL9w«i."tlionl]ra  bit  of 

*     "Bvl."  Mid  MadtUa,  giatwly.  "1  Ulu 

Mr.  Uwai.  battar  than  rom"— J.  OlCeefe. 

Oroovenor  [(Trooe'.nr]  Square, 
Loodoa.  So  called  because  it  is  built 
on  the  property  of  sir  Richard  Grosvenor, 
who  died  1782. 

QrottoofBph'esiiB.  NearBphesos 
was  a  grotto  containing  a  statue  of  Diana 
attached  to  a  leed  presented  by  Pan.  If 
a  young  woman,  charged  with  diriionoor, 
entered  this  grotto,  and  the  reed  gave 
forth  miuicai  sounds,  she  was  declared  to 
be  a  pure  virgin ;  but  if  it  gave  forth 
kideQttB  ftoisesy  she  was  denounced  and 
never  seen  more.  Corinna  put  the  grotto 
to  the  test,  at  the  desire  of  Glaucon  of 
Lesbos,  and  was  never  seen  again  by  the 
eye  of  men. — £.  Buhrer  Lytton,  IbUa 
df  MitHmM,  vL  (See  Ghabtitt,  for  other 
tests.) 

GTonae'B  Day  (iSbcs<)>  ^^  l^^h  of 
Angnst. 

Ihervwa  eeOsetad  vMh  grnur  and  iogt  to  doiionoar 
to  .  .  .  8L  QwMwTs  dar.—lMi'M  Jseisfy  ("Patt/s 


Qroveby  {OldS^  of  Gloomstock  Hall, 
aged  66.  He  is  the  uncle  of  sir  Harry 
Gffovet^.  Brusque,  hasty,  self-willed, 
but  kind-hearted. 

8lr  Harvf  Orfjwby^  nephew  of  old 
Groveby,  eittaged  to  Mana  "the  maid 
«f  the  Oaks.^-^.  Borgoyne,  Tha  Maid  of 

Oroves  (/tfm),  landlord  of  the  Valiant 
Soldier,  to  which  was  attached  "  a  good 
dry  skittle-ground.'*— C.  Dickens,  The 
OU  Cmitmijf  Shop,  xzix.  (1840). 


Q-rub  ^Jonathan),  a  stock-broker, 
weighted  with  the  three  plagues  of  life — 
a  wife,  a  handsome  marriageable  daugh- 
ter, and  £100,000  in  the  Funds,  **any 
one  of  which  is  enough  to  drive  a  man 
mad;  but  all  three  to  be  attended  to  at 
once  is  too  much.'* 

Mrs.  Orubf  a  wealthy  City  woman,  who 
has  moved  &om  the  east  to  the  fashion- 
able west  quarter  of  London,  and  has 
abandoned  merchants  and  tradespeople 
for  the  gentry. 

Emily  Omb,  called  MUly,  tiie  hand- 
some daughter  of  Jonathan.  She  marries 
captain  Bevil  of  the  Guards.— O'Brien, 
Cro89  Purposes, 

G>rab  Btreet,  near  Moorflelds,  Lon- 
don, once  famous  for  literary  hacks  and 
inferior  literary  publications.  It  is  now 
called  Milton  Street.  No  oompUroent  to 
our  great  epic  poet. 

rd  foomr  ballads  writs  and  Qrab  Street  byt. 

Oar* 

*«*  The  connection  between  Grub 
Street  literature  and  Milton  is  not  ap- 
parent. However,  as  Pindar,  Hesiod, 
Plutarch,  etc.,  were  B<Bo'tians,  so  Foxe 
the  martyrolo^ist,  and  Speed  the  his- 
torian, resided  m  Grub  Street. 

Grub'binol,  a  shepherd  who  sings 
with  Bnmkinet  a  dirge  on  the  death  of 
Moozelinda. 

Ibos  wafled  the  loots  ia  nelaiidu>^  strate, 
nil  bonny  Soaui  sped  aoRMB  tbffplalii ; 
IbsT  selxed  the  Vm,  in  apron  elean  lurafBd. 
Aaa  to  the  ale-haan  fornd  the  wflling  nudd ; 
In  ale  and  Ussei  they  forgot  their  carm. 
And  Soan  BtotusUnfiM's  loei  repairs 

Gay.  PoMtaral,  r.  (1714). 

(An  imitation  of  Virgil's  EcL*  ▼• 
«« Daphnis.") 

Gru'dar  and  Bras'solis.    Cairbar 

and  Grudar  both  strove  for  a  spotted 

bull  *'  that  lowed  on  (Solbun  HeaUi,"  in 

Ulster.    Each  claimed  it  as  his  own,  and 

at    length   fought,    when   Grndir   fell. 

Cairbar  took  ue  shield   of    Grudar  to 

Brassolis,  and  said  to  her,  "  Fix  it  on 

high  within  my  hall ;  'tis  the  armour  of 

my  foe  ; "  but  the  maiden,  "  distracted, 

flew  to  the   spot,  where  she  found  the 

youth  in  his  blood,"  and  died. 

F^r  was  BraMoUs  on  the  plain.    Statebr  WM  Grodar  o» 
thebllL-Oailan.  Mfval.!.  ^^ 

Qrueby  {John),  servant  to  lord 
Geor^  Gordon.  An  honest  fellow,  who 
rem&med  faithful  to  his  master  to  the 
bitter  end.  He  twice  saved  Haredale's 
life;  and,  although  living  under  lord 
Gordon  and  loving  him,  detested  the 
crimes  into  which  his  master  was  be- 


'H 


GRUGEON. 


410 


GUARDS  OF  THE  POLK. 


tnyed  by  bad  adyice  and  false  zeal. — 
C.  Dickeni,  Bamahy  Rudge  (1841). 

Qrageon,  one  of  Forttinio*6  seven 
attendants.  II  is  sift  was  that  he  could 
eat  any  amount  of  food  without  satiety. 
When  Fortunio  first  saw  him,  he  was 
eating  60,000  loaves  for  his  breakfast.— 
Comtesse  D'Aunoy,  Fairy  TcUes  (**  For- 
tunio," 1682). 

Oruxalball  {The  JRev,  DrX  from 
Oxford,  a  papist  conspirator  wita  Red- 
gauntlet.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Bedgamtiet 
(time,  Geoige  III.). 

GhnixnbOy  a  giant  in  the  tale  of  Tom 
Thwmb,  A  raven  having  picked  up  Tom 
Thumb,  dropped  him  on  ue  flat  roof  of 
the  giant*8  castle.  When  old  Grumbo 
went  there  to  sniff  the  air,  Tom  crept 
up  his  sleeve ;  the  giant,  feeding  tickled, 
shook  his  sleeve,  and  Tom  fell  into  the 
sea  below.  Here  he  was  swallowed  by 
a  fish,  and  the  firii,  being  caught,  was 
sold  for  king  Arthur's  table.  It  was 
thus  that  Tom  got  introduced  to  the 
great  king,  by  whom  he  was  knighted. 

Grumio,  one  of  the  servants  of 
Petruchic—Shakespeare,  Taming  of  the 
Shrew  (1694). 

Qrundy  (Mr$.),  Dame  Ashfield,  u 
fwmer*s  wife,  is  jealous  of  a  neighbour- 
ing farmer  named  Grundy.  She  tells 
her  husband  that  Farmer  Grundy  got  five 
shillings  a  quarter  more  for  his  wheat 
than  uiey  did ;  that  tiie  sun  seemed  to 
shine  on  purpose  for  Farmer  Grundy ; 
that  Dame  Grundy*s  butter  was  the 
crack  butter  of  the  market.  I^e  then 
goes  into  her  day-dreams,  and  says,  **  If 
our  Nelly  were  to  marry  a  great  baronet, 
I  wonder  what  Mrs.  Grundy  would  say?" 
Her  husband  makes  answer : 

"Why  dant  tliOT  kUm  Mra.  Gnmdjr  aloMt  1  do 
?0ril7  think  vfam  the*  aoart  to  foUMr  world,  the  vant 
mMtton  thOTH  ax  lU^  IT  Mn.  Grand/t  thcnt*— 
fh.  Morton.  JlpMd  tkt  PUmgh,  L  1  a78^ 

Gryll,  one  of  those  changed  bv 
Acras'ia  into  a  hog.  He  abused  sir 
Guyon  for  disenchanting  him ;  where- 
upon the  palmer  said  to  the  knight, 
*^Let  Gryll  be  Gryll,  and  have  his 
hoggish  mind." — Spenser,  Fairy  Queen, 
U.  12  (1690). 

Onhr  a  Umt  light  upon  hb  ann 

HoearvlMibor«,on  which  old  OiTfl  wai  drawn, 
Ihwifonnod  into  a  hog. 

Phln.  nekJicr.  Tk*  fitrpU  /atond;  vtt.  (MBK 

Gryphon,  a  fabulous  monster,  having 
the  upper  part  like  a  vulture  or  eagle, 
and  the  lower  part  like  a  lion.  Gn-phons 
were  the  supposed  guardians  of  gold- 
toiinei,  and  were  in  perpetual  strife  with 


the  Arimas'pians,  a  people  of  Sc3rtfii«9 
who  rided  the  mines  for  the  adonunent 
of  their  hair. 


Aa  when  a  gryiihoii  tbro'  tfM ' 
With  wlngoil  ooune.  o'or  hU  or  i 
PwMiM  the  ArtmaMiian,  who,  bf  i 
Had  from  hit  wakebil  caModjr  imriolnod 


MUton.  PmrmdiM  Utt,  tt.  SO;  otc  (MHIl 

The  Oryphon,  s3rmbolic  of  the  divine 
and  human  union  of  Jesus  Christ.  Tha 
fore  ^lart  of  the  grvphon  is  an  eagle,  and 
the  hinder  part  a  lion.  Thus  Dant£  saw 
in  purgatoiy  Uie  car  of  the  CHiurch  drawn 
by  a  gryi^on. — Dant^  Jhtrgaiory,  xxix. 
(1308). 

Guadia'iuti  the  'squire  of  Dunn- 
dart€,  changed  mto  a  nver  of  the  wtaam 
UMne.  He  was  so  grieved  at  leaving  his 
master  that  he  plunged  instantaoeoosly 
under  ground,  and  when  obliged  to  ap- 
pear "  where  he  might  be  seen,  he  glided 
m  sullen  state  to  Portugal." — Cerniatoa. 
Don  QmxoU,  II.  iL  6  (1616). 

Gualber'to  (St.),  heir  of  Valdespe^n^ 
and  brought  up  with  the  feudal  notion 
that  he  was  to  be  the  avenger  of  blood* 
Anselmo  was  the  murderer  he  was  to  lie 
in  wait  for,  and  he  was  to  make  it  the 
duty  of  his  life  to  have  blood  for  blood. 
One  day,  as  he  was  lying  in  unbosh  for 
Anselmo,  the  ves^r  Sell  rang,  and  Gnal- 
berto  (8  syi,)  fell  in  prayer,  but  somtiiow 
could  not  pray.  The  thought  struck  him 
that  if  Christ  died  to  fomre  sin,  it 
could  not  be  right  in  man  to  hM  it  beyond 
forgiveness.  At  this  moment  Anselmo 
came  up,  was  attacked,  and  cried  for 
mercy.  Gnalberto  cast  away  his  dagger, 
ran  to  the  neighbouring  convent,  thanked 
God  he  had  been  saved  from  blood- 
guiltiness,  and  became  a  hermit  noted 
»>r  his  holiness  of  lif^ — Southey,  8L 
OwMiberto. 


Guards  of  the  PoIe»  the  two 

fi  and  7  of  Uie  Oreat  Bear,  and  not  the 

star  Arctoph'^lax,  which,  Steevens  says, 

**  literally   signifies    the   guard   of   the 

Bear,"  ue.  Bo()t^  (not  the  Polar  Guards). 

Shakespeare  refers  to  these  two  ^'guards'* 

in  OthellOf  act  ii.  sc  1,  where  he  says  the 

surge  seems  to  '*quendi  the  guards  of  tlM 

ever-fixM  pole."     Hood  says  they  are  so 

called  "  from  the  Spanish  word  guardaref 

which  is  *to  behold,*  because  they  aie 

diligently  to  be  looked  unto  in  regard  of 

the   singular  use  which   they  have  itt 

navigation."— l/M  of  the  Celeetiai  akb$ 

(1590). 

How  to  known  tha  honra  of  tha  nWit  hy  tta  [ Arfw) 
Qardi.  hr  knowiof  on  what  point  of  tha  eoaapas  tktf^ 
ihall  bo  at  aUdnl^  oveiy  SAnrnth  dnr  thron^OTl  Sm 
wholorHV.-Mc 


GUARINT. 


411 


GUENEVRA. 


Ona'Hzii  (PJUHp)^  tbe  *Mmie  of  sir 
fV  de  Uejr.— ^ir  W.  Scott,  The 
A<W*jrf  (time,  Henry  II.). 

OnaiVnoB  (Adtn^-^al)^  one  of  Qua- 

«gBe*B    paladin»,     taken    captive   at 

MBceivaUes.     He    feU     to    the   lot   of 

urio'tdi,  ft  Moslem,    who   offered  him 

fta  daughter  in   mekiriage    if  he  would 

^^^oae  a  diiciple  of    toe   Arabian  pro- 

paeL    Gaarinoa   refused,   and  was  aept 

tf  J  Am^eon  for  seven  years,  when  he 

WMB  Irftented,  that    he    might  take  part 

n  a  jooflt.     The   mdmiral  then  stabbed 

the  Moor  to  his  he&rt,  and,  yaolting  on 

his  grey  hone   Treb'ozond,  escaped  to 


Qu'dmn,  a  l*dy  msrried  to  Signrd 

by  the  ■apical  arts  of  her  mother ;  and 

«  the  dcaOh  of  Sisnzd  to  AtU  {AUUa)^ 

whom  she  hated  for  his  fierce  cmeityt 

nd  mudered.     She    then  east  herself 

ists  the  aea,  and  the  waves  bore  her  to 

te  casUe  of  kin|;  Jonakon,  who  became 

h«  ttuid    husband. — £dda  of   Sftmtmd 

(1130). 


\ 


Oi^dnca^  a  model   of  heroic  fortitude 

nd  pioas    reaisnation.     She   was   the 

hmAXia  of   king    Hettel  {Attiia),  and 

tbe  bettothed  of   Herwig  king  of  Heli- 

cohnd,  bat  was  carried  off  by  Uarmnth 

bag  of  Norway,  who  killed  HetteL    As 

ihe  icfaaed  to   marry  Harmnth,  he  put 

her  to  att  torts  of  mental  work.    One 

4Kf^  Herwig  appeared  with  an  army,  and 

hmag  gaiaed  a  decisive  victory,  mainied 

Godnm,  mid  at  her  interoession  pardoned 

Hsimath  the  cause  of  her  great  iniswy. 

A  SorU^Saxom,   Foem  (Qiirteenth  o«i- 

tmy). 

Ghid'yin  {Old  John),  buticr  to  kidy 
BeDeoden.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Oid  Mortality 
(time^  Chades  II.). 

Chialph'o  (3  JSf/.),  son  of  Activs  IV. 
msfqnis  d*Este  and  of  Conignnda  (a 
German).  Gnelpho  was  the  uncle  of 
Kinaldo,  and  next  in  command  to  God- 
frey. He  led  an  army  of  6000  men  from 
Carynthia,  in  Germany,  to  the  siege  of 
Jerusalem,  but  most  of  them  were  cut 
off  by  the  Persians.  Guelpho  was  noted 
for  his  broad  shoulders  and  ample  chest. 
— Tasso,  Jemaalem  JMheredy  iiL  (1576). 

Chien'dolen  (8  iffi.),  a  fairy  whose 
■other  was  a  human  being.  King  Arthur 
fdl  in  love  with  her,  and  she  beoune  tibe 
Mother  of  Gvneth.  When  Arthur  do- 
the  frail  fair  one,  she  offered  him 


s  parting  cap ;  but  as  he  took  it  in  his 


hand,  a  drop  of  the  liquor  fell  on  his 
horse  and  burnt  it  so  severely  that  it 
'*  leapt  twenty  feet  high."  ranmad,  and  V 
died.  Arthur  dashed  the  cup  on  ihe 
ground,  whereupon  it  set  fire  to  the  grass 
and  consumed  the  fairy  palace.  As  for 
Gnendolen.  she  was  never  seen  after- 
wards.—Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Bridal  of 
liiermam,  u  J  ("  Lyulph's  Tale,"  1818). 

GoendokB'na,  wife  of  Locrin 
(eldest  son  of  Brute,  whom  he  suc- 
ceeded), and  daughter  of  Cori'neus  (8 
wL),  Being  divorced,  she  retired  to 
Cornwall,  and  collected  an  army,  which 
marched  against  Locrin,  who  **was 
killed  by  the  shot  of  an  arrow.**  Guen- 
doloena  now  assumed  the  reins  of  govern- 
ment, and  her  first  act  was  to  tiirow 
Estrildis  (her  rival)  and  her  daughter 
Sabre  into  ih»  Severn,  which  was  called 
Sabri'na  or  Sabren  from  that  day. — 
Geoffrey,  British  History,  tt.  4,  6  (1142). 

Ooenerer  or  Quinever,  a  corrupt 
form  of  Ommhmmafra  (4  syL),  daughter 
of  king  Leodegiance  of  the  land  of 
Camel3rard.  She  was  the  most  beautiful 
of  women,  was  the  wife  of  king  Arthur, 
but  entertained  a  criminal  attachment  to 
sir  Lannoelot  dn  Lac  Respecting  tne 
latter  part  of  the  queen's  history,  the 
greatest  diversity  oocnn.  Thus,  <>eoffrey 
sa3rs: 


King  AithOT  WM  OB  lUi  ««|r  to 
M  braogiU  Mm  tlMt  his  Mpbmr  MoSrtS.  to  1 
IM  had.Mtfwled  Britoia.  teS  .  .  .  mC  Um 
ktaowahc^:  uMldMtttMi.  _^__ 

kbiS  Aithor  Mtamcd 


vkkwllr 

•ad  pot  Modrad  Md  hb  mnaj  to  flicbt .  .  .  tb*  qmmm 
Sed  from  York  to  ttM  atjr  of  Legfou  r>MM«f«.  iM  S0«a 
Walwl  wb«»  ia«  ramhred  to  ImmI  a  obMte  Ifc  amoof  tk* 
or  JoUwlto  mulgrr.— JrMtft  Mitltrp.  tL  I  (Udg). 


Another  version  is,  that  Arthur,  being 
informed  of  the  adulterous  conduct  (3 
Launcelot,  went  with  an  army  to  Ben- 
wick  (Brittany) J  to  punish  him.  That 
Mordred  (his  son  by  nis  own  sister),  left 
as  resent,  usurped  the  crown^  proclaimed 
that  Arthur  was  dead,  and  tried  to  many 
Guenever  the  queen  ;  but  she  shut  hersea 
up  in  the  Tower  of  London,  resolved  to 
die  rather  than  marry  the  usurper. 
When  she  heard  of  the  death  of  Arthur, 
she  "stole  away**  to  Almesbury,  "and 
there  she  let  make  herself  a  nun,  and 
wore  white  deaths  and  black."  And  there 
lived  she  "  in  fasting,  prayers,  and  aims- 
deeds,  that  all  marvelled  at  her  virtuous 
life."--Sir  T.  Malory,  History  of  Prince 
ilr*A«r,  iii.  161-170  (1470). 

*«*  For  Tennyson*s  account,  see  Gui- 

NRVKKB. 

Ouene'vra  (8  <yl.),  wile  of  Ne^ 


GUERIN. 


412 


GUILLOTINE. 


teba'Dos  the  dwarf,  at  the  cell  of  the 
hermit  of  EngaddL—Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Talisman  (time,  Hichaid  I.)* 

Qoer'in  or  Queri'no,  eon  of  Millon 
kine  of  Alba'nia.  On  the  day  of  hia 
birth  his  father  was  dethroned,  but  the 
child  was  rescued  by  a  Greek  slave,  who 
bronsht  it  up  and  sumamed  it  Mescfufno 
or  'mie  Wretched."  When  grown  to 
man*s  estate,  Gnerin  fell  in  lore  with 
the  princess  ElizSna,  sister  of  the  Greek 
emperor,  who  held  his  court  at  Constan- 
tinople.— An  Italietn  JRomanoe, 

Queselin'B  DvMt  a  Talisman, 
Gnesclin,  or  rather  Du  Gnesclin,  constable 
of  France,  laid  siege  to  Chateauneuf-de- 
Randan,  in  Anvergne.  After  several 
assaults,  the  town  promised  to  surrender 
if  not  relieved  witnin  fifteen  days.  Du 
Guesclin  died  in  this  interval,  but  the 

fovemor  of  the  town  came  and  laid  the 
eys  of  the  city  on  the  dead  man's  body, 
saying  he  resigned  the  place  to  the  hero's 
ai^es  (1880). 

FimoM . . .  JBiiMHiili  Mi  bonm  [Jfinlwi'tl 
fb  «wrj  oMPwl  la  Uw  buttto's  vMi. 
Xb  fecm.  Uka  OBenUa's  dwt.  hv  taltaaaii. 

^jrroo,  Aff€  9fBnnm,  Ir.  (ISIl). 

Qugner,  Odin's  spear,  which  never 
failed  to  hit.  It  was  made  by  the  dwarf 
Eitru— TAtf  Eddas. 

Ouide'riiiSy  eldest  son  of  (^ym'be- 
line  (8  $yl,)  king  of  Britain,  and  Brother 
of  Arviragus.  They  were  kidnapped  in 
infancy  by  Belarius,  out  of  revenge  for 
being  unjustly  banished,  and  were  brought 
up  by  him  in  a  cave.  When  grown  to 
manhood,  Belarius  introduced  them  to 
the  king,  and  told  their  story;  where- 
up(m  Cymbelioe  received  them  as  his 
sons,  and  Guiderius  succeeded  him  on  the 
throne. — Shakespeare,  Cymbelme  (1605). 

Geoffrey  calls  Cymbeline  **Kymbe- 
linus  son  of  Tenuantius ; "  says  that  he 
was  brought  up  by  Augustus  C«sar,  and 
adds :  "  In  bis  days  was  bum  our  Lord 
Jesus  ChriRt."  Kymbeline  reigned  ten 
years,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Guide- 
rius. The  historian  says  Uiat  Kjrmbeline 
paid  the  tribute  to  the  Romans,  and  that 
It  was  Guiderius  who  refused  to  do  so, 
**  for  which  reason  Claudius  the  emperor 
marched  against  him,  and  he  was  killed 
by  Hamo.'^---finWiA  Biatory,  iv.  11, 12, 18 
(1142). 

Ouido  "  tibe  Savage,"  son  of  Amon 
and  Constantia.  He  was  the  younger 
brother  of  Rinaldo.  Being  wrecked  on 
Um  coast  of  the  Am'azons,  he  was  com- 


pelled to  fight  their  ten  male  champions, 
and,  having  slain  them  all,  to  marrv  ten 
of  the  Amazons.  From  this  thraldom 
Guide  made  his  escape,  and  joined  tiie 
army  of  Chariemagne. — ^Ariosto,  OHando 
I^trwto  (1616). 

Chtido  [FranceschiniJ,  a  reduced 
nobleman^  who  tried  to  repair  his  fortune 
bv  marrying  Pompilia,  theputative  child 
of  Pietro  and  Yiolantfi.  THien  the  mar- 
riage was  consummated,  and  the  money 
secure,  Guide  ill-treated  the  putative 
parento;  and  Yiolant^,  in  reven^  de- 
clared that  Pompilia  was  not  their  child  * 
at  all,  but  the  offspring  of  a  Rom«n 
wanton.  Having  made  uiis  dedaration, 
she  next  applied  to  the  law-courts  for 
the  recovery  of  Uie  mon^.  When 
Gttido  heard  this  tale,  he  was  fwions, 
and  so  ill-treated  his  child-wife  that  she 
ran  away,  under  the  protection  of  a  ^ouii|^ 
canon.  Guide  punned  tibe  fugitives, 
overtook  them,  and  had  them  arrested  ; 
whereupon  the  canon  was  suspended  for 
three  years,  and  Pompilia  sent  to  a  con- 
vent. Here  her  heuth  gave  way,  and 
as  the  birth^of  a  child  was  expected,  she 
was  permitted  to  leave  the  convent  and 
live  with  her  putative  parents.  Guido. 
having  gained  admission,  murdered  all 
three,  and  was  himself  executed  for  the 
crime. — ^B.  Browning,  The  Mmg  and  thg 
Book. 

Quil'dexiBtem,  one  of  Hamlefs 
companions,  em|>loyed  by  the  king  and 
queen  to  divert  him,  if  possible,  from  his 
strange  and  waywara  ways. — Shake- 
speare, Hamlet  (1586). 

BoMDcnnts  umI  OnQdBmfeva  ara  fcfoownbto  ■■ 
of  Um   tbarough-paeed   UiiumiiIih  eoart  knyRW 
tkheted  and  to  Im  hirsd  Cor  uof  hard  or  dktjr 
OovdaoCbrIWi 

QuQlotidre  (4  <y'*)>  ^®  team  of 
Lyons.  La  Guillotibre  is  uie  low  quarter, 
wiiere  the  bouchee  inatilet  find  refuge. 

Guillotine  (8  »yL).  So  named  from 
Joseph  Ignace  UuiUotan^  a  Frendi  phy- 
sician, who  proposed  its  adoption,  to 
Srevent  unnecessary  pain.  Dr.  Guillotin 
id  not  invent  the  guillotine,  but  he  im- 
proved the  Italian  machine  (1791).  In 
1792  Antoine  Louis  introduced  further 
improvements,  and  hence  the  instrument 
is  sometimes  called  Louisetie  or  Lomson. 
The  original  ItaliMi  machine  was  called 
mannaja  ;  it  was  a  clumsy  affair,  first 
employed  to  decapitate  Bei^ce  C^ci  in  *- 
Rome,  A.D.  1600. 


It 


tbopofiolnr 


for  jMte     It  «w  r«lM  Lm 
pfmMlo.*  Um  "  b«t  can  for 
iDteHlbl}  pnnrwitMl  tho  hair 


min  OuOhtin^l  U.e  "  aharp  fmiala. 
hoadacbe."    It  **■— ^■■■*>i«  «.  «■■«■■! 


GUINAST. 


418 


QULBETAZ. 


MkacyM** 


■J.-CL 


Um  gidllotiae.  loohad  Uiroogh 
luto  tlM  Mck."    It  «M  tte 

Modab  were  worn  (oc  oma 


Qninart  (iZoautf),  whose  true  name 
Pedro  BociutGaiiiArdA,  chief  of  a  band 
of  robbers  who  levied  black  mail  in  the 
mooDtainoiu  districts  of  Catalonia.  He 
b  xntetxliiced  by  Cervantes  in  his  tale  of 
JkmQuixote. 

Guinea  (Adoeutw^  itf  a),  a  novd  by 
Chariea  Jofanstone  (1761).  A  gainsa,  as 
into  diifexcBt  hands,  is  the  his- 
of  the  foUies  and  vices  of  its 
for  the  tioM  being;  and  tiios  a 
of  seenes  and  personages  are  made 
to  pass  before  the  reade^  somei^iat  in 
the  same  maomer  as  in  TAtf  Detil  ifNNi 
IW  8tksk»  and  in  2%0  Chimne  Tales, 

Gnines-heii,  a  fiUe  de  Joisj  a  word 
•f  contempt  and  indignity  for  a  woman. 

for  tiM  low  flf  • 

Wltfaftl 

soni). 


■■!■  x"f-   ^■^)|    *   gentleman  of 

wfficient  name  to  rorm  a  bait,  who 
aOows  himself  to  be  pot  on  a  directors* 
fist  for  the  guinea  and  lunch  which  the 
board  provides.— <^  Skmg, 

Quin'evere  (S  sy/.)*  ^  Tennyson 
sndls  the  name  of  Arthur's  qneen  in  his 
UglU,  He  tells  ns  of  the  liaison  be- 
tween ber  and  ^  sir  Lancelot,**  and  sa^s 
that  Modied^  having  discovered  this 
fmiUarity,  "brongfat  his  creatures  to 
tihe  basement  of  the  tower  for  testimony.** 
Sir  Lancelot  Ihuig  the  fellow  to  the 
groond,  and  instantly  took  to  horse ; 
while  Gninevere  fled  to  tiie  nunnery  at 
Almesbory.  Here  the  king  took  leave 
of  her;  and  when  the  abbess  died,  the 
qneeh  was  appointed  her  successor,  and 
rrauiDed  head  of  the  establishment  for 
three  yean,  when  she  also  died. 

\*  It  will  be  seen  that  Tennyson 
depaita  from  the  BritUh  Hiaiorv  by 
Geoffrqr,  and  the  History  of  Prwce 
Artkmr  as  edited  by  sir  T.  Malory.    (See 

GCKSEVEK.) 

OniomaTy  mother  of  the  vain- 
glorioas  Dnar'te. — Beanmont  and  Flet- 
cher, The  Custom  of  the  Omntrp  ^1647). 

Qxdscmrdo.  the  *9anlre,  but  nievionsly 
the  page,  of  Tancred  king  oi  Salerno. 
Sagimaada,  the  king's  daughter,  loved 
him,  and  clandestinely  married  him.  Mfhcn 
T— tiaJdiseovered  it,  heorderedtheyoong 


man  to  be  waylaid  and  strangled.  He 
tiien  went  to  his  daughter's  chamber, 
and  reproved  her  for  loving  a  base-born 
"slave."  Sigismunda  boldly  defended 
her  choice,  but  next  day  received  a  human 
heart  tn  a  golden  casket.  It  needed  no 
prophet  to  tell  her  what  had  happened, 
and  she  drank  a  draught  of  poison.  Her 
fiither  entered  just  in  time  to  hear  her 
during  request  that  she  and>Guiscairdo 
ought  be  buried  in  the  same  tomb.  The 
royal  father 


ToohMivpMladflrtali 

On*  commou  Mpolchre  for  both 


iDtomlMd  tbo  vratchod  pah'  la  rofal  mai». 
And  ua  ttalr  noaaMiU  IweriM  their  Ml 
DtySwi .  aigUmmmSm  awrf  emttmrdt  (fcw  Boca 

Quise  {Henri  de  Lorraine^  duo  de) 
commenced  the  Massacre  of  Bartholomew 
by  the  assassination  of  admiral  Coligny 

tCo.leen'.ye^,  Being  forbidden  to  enter 
'aris,  by  order  of  Henri  III.,  he  dis- 
obeyed the  injunction,  and  was  mur- 
dered (1550-1588). 

*y*  Henri  de  Guise  has  furnished  the 
subiect  of  several  tragedies.  In  English 
we  have  Quise  or  the  Massacre  of  France^ 
bv  Jolm  WeUter  (1620) ;  The  Duke  of 
druise,  by  Dryden  and  Lee.  In  Fren^ 
we  have  Flats  de  Blots  (the  Death  of 
Guise)^  by  Fran9oi8  Raynonard  (1814). 

GKiisla  (2  «y/.),  sister  of  Pelayo,  in 
love  with  Nnmac'ian  a  renegade.  "  She 
inherited  her  mother's  leprons  taint.** 
Brought  back  to  her  brother's  bouse  by 
Adosinda,  she  returned  to  the  Moor, 
"cursing  the  meddling  spirit  that  in- 
terfered with  her  most  shameless  love." 
— Southey,  Roderioky  Last  of  the  Goihi 
(1814). 

Oai'80r(2  «v/.),  groom  of  the  Saracen 
Pollent§.  His  "  scalp  was  bare,  betray- 
ing his  state  of  bondage."  His  office  was 
to  Keep  the  bridge  on  Pollent6*s  territory, 
and  to  allow  no  one  to  pass  without  pay- 
ing "the  passage-penny."  This  bridge 
was  full  of  tmp-doors,  through  whidi 
travellers  were  apt  to  fall  into  the  river 
below.  When  Goizor  demanded  toll  of 
sir  Art^al,  the  kni^t  gave  him  a 
"  stunning  blow,  saying,  *  Lo  !  there's  my 
hire  ;  *  "  and  the  villain  dropped  down 
dead.  —  Spenser,  Fairy  Queetu  v.  2 
(15i)6). 

*0*  Upton  conjectures  that  "Guizor** 
is  intended  for  the  due  de  Guise,  and  hii 
master  "PoUente"  for  Charles  IX.  of 
France,  notorious  both  for  the  St.  Bar- 
tholomew Massacre. 

Oulbejr'aa,   the   sultana.      Havhuf 
Juan  amongst  Lambro's  captiYM^ 


GULOHENRAZ. 


414 


GUNTHER. 


'*  pMsing  on  his  wav  to  sale/*  she  caiued 
him  to  he  purchased,  and  introduced  into 
the  harem  in  female  attire.  On  discover- 
ing that  he  preferred  Dudhi  one  of  the 
attendant  beauties,  to  herself,  she  com- 
manded both  to  be  stitched  up  in  a  sack, 
and  cast  into  the  Bosphoms.  They  con- 
trired,  however,  to  make  their  escape. — 
Byron,  Dom  Jwsn^  vi.  (1824). 

Gul'olienraa,  sumamed  **Gnndog- 
di"  ("morning**),  daughter  of  Malek- 
al-salem  king  of  (yeor^ia,  to  whom 
Fnm-Hoam  •  we  mandann  relates  his 
numerous  and  extraordinary  transforma- 
tions or  rather  metempsychoses. — ^T.  S. 
Gnenlette,  Chmete  TaJes  (1728). 

Gul'ohenrous,  son  of  Ali  Hassan 
^brother  of  the  emir'  Fakreddin);  the 
**  most  delicate  and  lovely  youth  in  the 
whole  worUL'*  He  could  ^*  write  with 
Mecision,  paint  on  vellum,  sing  to  the 
lute,  write  poetry,  and  dance  to  perfec- 
tion ;  but  could  neither  hurl  the  lance 
Bor  curb  the  steed.**  Gulchenronz  was 
betrothed  to  his  cousin  Nouron'ihar,  who 
loved  **  even  his  faults ;  **  but  thev  never 
married,  for  Nouronihar  became  the  wife 
of  the  caliph  Yathek.— W.  Beckfoid, 
Vathek  (1784), 

Oulistan  C*the  rote  garden**)^  a 
collection  of  tales  and  apophthegms  in 
Mose  and  verse  bv  Saaai,  a  native  of 
Shiraz.  It  has  been  translated  into 
Knglish  by  Gladwin, 

In  aottettlnt  •fann  wOgH*  ottcnute*  to 

Qulliver  (Lemuel),  first  a  surgeon, 
then  a  sea-captain  of  several  ships.  He 
gets  wrecked  on  the  coast  of  Litliput,  a 
country  of  pygmies.  Subsequently  he  is 
thrown  among  the  people  of  Brobdingnag, 
gUnts  of  tremendous  size.  In  his  next 
TOjrage  he  is  driven  to  Lapu'ta,  an  empare 
of  (^uack  pretenders  to  science  and  knavish 
projectors.  And  in  his  fourth  voyage  he 
visits  the  Houyhnhnms  f^Whin'.nmt], 
where  horses  were  the  dominant  powers. 
—Dean  Swift,  Traveis  m  Severai  Remote 
Natumt .  .  .by  Lemuel  Oulliver (1726). 

Oulna'rS  (8  sy/.),  daughter  of 
Faras'chd  (8  tyh)  whose  husband  was 
king  of  an  under-sea  empire.  A  usurper 
drove  the  king  her  father  from  his  throne, 
and  Ciulnar6  sought  safety  in  the  Island 
of  the  Moon.  Here  she  was  ca^red, 
made  a  slave,  sold  to  the  king  of  Persia, 
and  became  his  fiivourite,  but  preserved 
A  most  obstinate  and  speechless  silence 
lor  twelTo  months.    Then  the  king  made 


her  his  wife,  and  she  told  him  her  history. 
In  due  time  a  son  was  bom,  whom  Umt 
caUed  Beder  ("  the  full  moon**). 

Gulnar^  says  that  the  ttnder-«ea  folk  are 
never  wetted  by  the  water,  that  they  can 
see  as  well  as  we  can,  that  they  speak 
the  language  **of  Solomon*s  seal,**  and 
can  transport  themselves  instantaneonsly 
from  place  to  phux.—ArMem  Nights 
C*  Beder  and  Gianharg  **). 

Ovlftare  (2  syl,),  queen  of  the  harem, 
and  the  most  boiutifnl  of  all  the  slaves  of 
Seyd  [Seed].  She  was  rescued  by  Conrad 
the  corsair  from  the  flames  of  the  palace  ; 
and,  when  Conrad  was  imprisoned,  she 
went  to  his  dungeon,  confessed  her  iove, 
and  proposed  that  he  should  murder  the 
sultan  and  flee.  As  Conrad  refused  to 
ssssssinate  Seyd,  she  herself  did  it,  and 
then  fled  with  Coand  to  the  "Pints'* 
Isle.**  The  rest  of  the  tale  is  continued 
in  Lanif  in  which  Gulnare  assumes  the 
name  of  Kaled.  and  appears  as  a  page. 
—Byron,  The  Coraair  (1814). 

Oulvl'ffar  (*'  Mteigher  of  geld'^y^Qtm 
Plutus  of  Scandinavian  mytholognr.  He 
introduced  among  men  the  love  of  gain. 

Oum'midge  (Mrs.),  the  widow  of 
Dan'el  Pe^tty*8  partner.  She  kept 
house  for  Dan'el,  who  was  a  bachelor. 
Old  Mrs.  Gummidge  had  a  craze  that  die 
was  neglected  and  uncared  for,  a  waif  in 
the  wide  world,  ot  no  use  to  any  one. 
She  was  always  talking  of  hersdf  as  the 
**lone  lorn  cre*tnr*.**  When  about  to 
sail  for  Australia,  one  of  the  sailors 
asked  her  to  marry  him,  when  **  she  ope 
with  a  pail  of  water  and  flings  it  at  hie 
head.*'— C.  Dickens,  David  Gopperjield 
(1849). 

Gundororos,  an  Indian  king  for 
whom  the  aposUe  Thomas  buiU  a  palace 
of  sethym  wood,  the  roof  of  whicn  was 
ebony.  He  made  the  gates  of  the  bom 
of  the  **  homed  snake,**  that  no  one  with 
poison  might  be  able  to  past  through. 

GunKnir.  Odin's  spear.— AondlH 
nation  Mythofogy, 

Gunpowder.    The  composition  of 

gunpowder  is   expressly  mentioned  by 
oger  Bacon  in  his  treatise  J>e  Nultitate 
MagitB,  published  1216. 


^rtkf 


eheoimy.  Mar  1  

ByroB.  Dtm  lumt,  fULBOSn). 


Gtlnthen   kin^   of   Bncgnody 
brother  of  Kriemhtld  (2  eyQ.    Hn 
solved  to  wed  Bronhild,  the  martial  ^i 
of  Issland,  and  won  her  by  the  aid 
Siegfried ;  hot   the   biide    behayed 


GUPPY. 


416        GUY  EARL  OF  WABWICK. 


obstreperously  thai  the  bridegroom  had 
•^un  to  Apply  to  hifl  ftriend  for  assistance. 
Siegfried  contrived  to  get  possession  of 
her  fin^  and  girdle,  after  which  she 
bacame  a  sabmiasive  wife.  GOnther, 
wHh  base  in^^ratitude,  was  privy  to  the 
marder  of  bis  friend,  and  was  himself 
slain  in  the  dongeon  of  Etsel  by  his 
sister  Kriemhild.— TAtf  Nibeltmgeu  Lied. 
%*  In  history,  GOnther  is  called 
"Gtmtncher,"  and  Etzel  "  Attila.** 

Oup^  C^r,),  clerk  in  the  office  of 
Kenge  and  Carboy.  A  weak,  common- 
place  yootb,  who  has  the  conceit  to 
ptopoae  to  Esther  Summerson^  the  ward 
m  Chancery.— 0.  Dickens,  Bleak  Hotue 
(U68). 

QjsrgJUB^tUB,  according  to  Drayton, 
•ooof  Bellnns.  This  is  a  mistake,  as 
Gonnistaa,  or  rather  Gurgustius,  was  son 
of  mvallo ;  and  the  son  of  Belinos  was 
Gosiant  Brabtroe.  The  names  given  by 
Geottrcy,  in  his  BnHtk  History ^  run  thus: 
Leir  (Xrar),  Gttnedag  his  grandson,  Rivallo 
his  son,  Gurgnatins  his  son,  SisilUos  his 
ssn,  Jago  nephew  of  Gugostias,  Kinmarc 
ion  of  Siaillius,  then  Gorbogud.  Here  the 
line  is  broken,  and  tiie  new  dynas^ 
begins  with  Ifolmotias  of  Cornwall, 
then  his  son  Bdinos,  who  was  succeeded 
by  his  son  Gorginnt  Brabtmc,  whose  son 
and  successor  was  Guithelin,  called  br 
Dnyton'^Goynteline.'*— Geoffrey,  British 
JButory,  iL,  m.(1142). 


CKumOT  {QOheH),  the  hero  and  title 
tf  a  navel  hj  Theodore  Hook.  This 
navel  Is  a  spiced  autobiography  of  the 
author  himsetf  (1885). 

Gimwv  {Thoma$)^  shorthand  writer, 
sad  anaMW  of  a  work  on  the  subject, 
called  Brackygra^y  (1705-1770). 

•  toaMta»wkolepraeM«iifi.  .  . 
fn«k«thBii4  taTcB  bjr  OunMjr. 

L1S»(IS1S). 


Qurth,  the  swine-herd  and  thrall 
«f  Cedric  of  Rotherwood.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Jwmhoe  (time,  Richard  I.). 

QmtOlI  {Oammer)^  the  heroine  of  an 
aid  Englirii  comedy.  The  plot  toms 
imaa  the  loss  of  a  needle  by  Gammer 
Gaiton,  and  its  subsequent  discovery 
stirkii^g  in  the  breeches  of  her  man 
Hodge.— Mr.  J.  S.  Master  of  Arts  (1561). 

Ouae  CKbbie,  a  half-witted  lad  in 
the  Bsrvice  <A  lady  Bellenden.— Sir  W. 
Seott,  OidMortaUty  (time,  Charles  II.). 


QuBhinirton  {Angelina)^  the  nom  db 
plmjke  of  lady  Dofferin. 

Onstavus  IJLL.  used  to  sav  there  were 
two  things  he  held  in  equal  abhorrence — 
the  Grerman  language  and  tobacco. 

Gusta'vm  Vasa  (1496-1560),  hav- 
ing made  his  escape  from  Denmark, 
where  he  had  been  treacherously  carried 
captive,  worked  as  a  common  labourer 
for  a  time  in  the  copper-mines  of  Dale- 
carlia  IDaf.le.kari'.ya]  ;  but  the  tvranny 
of  Christian  II.  of  Denmark  induced  the 
Dalecarlians  to  revolt,  and  Gustavus  was 
chosen  tbeir  leader.  Hie  rebels  made 
themselves  masters  of  Stockholm  ;  Chris- 
tian abdicated,  and  Sweden  henceforth 
became  an  independent  kingdom,— H« 
Brooke,  Gtutamu  Vaaa  (1730). 

Gus'ter,  the  Snagsbys*  maid-of -^all- 
work.  A  poo^  overworked  drudge, 
subject  to  fito.— C.  Dickens,  Bleak  Hoim 
(1858). 

OustO  Pioareeco  ("taste /or  rogue- 
rjf**).  In  romance  of  this  school  the  Span- 
iards especially  excel,  as  don  Biego  de 
Mondo'sa's  Ltuarillo  de  Tormee  (1553); 
Mateo  Aleman's  Guzman  d^Alfaraeke 
(1509);  Quevedo's  Qran  Taeano,  etc. 

Outhrie  {John)^  one  of  the  archen 
of  the  Scottish  guard  in  the  employ  of 
Louis  XI.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Qmentm  Dur~ 
ward  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

^  Qutter  Iiane,  London,  a  corrap- 
tion  of  Guthurun  Lane ;  so  called  firom  a 
Mr.  Guthurun  or  Guthrum,  who  "  pos- 
sessed the  chief  property  therein."— Stow. 
Survey  of  London  (1598). 

Gutter  Iiyiist  (The),  Robert 
Williams  Buchanan ;  so  called  from  his 
poems  on  the  loves  of  costermongers  and 
their  wenches  (1841-        ). 

Guy  (TkoatoM),  the  miser  and  philan- 
thropist. He  amassed  an  immense  fortune 
in  1790  by  specnUtions  in  South  Sea 
stock,  and  gave  £288,292  to  found  and 
endow  Guy*s  Hospital  (1644-1724). 

Guy  earl  of  Warwick*  an  EngUsh 
knight.  He  proposed  marriage  to  nielis 
or  PhiUis,  who  refused  to  listen  to  his 
suit  till  he  had  distinguished  himself  by 
knightly  deeds.  He  first  rescued  Blanch 
daughter  of  the  emperor  of  Germany, 
then  fought  against  the  Saracens,  and 
slow  the  doughty  Coldran,  Elmage  king  » 
of  Tyre,  and  the  Soldan  himself.  Then, 
retaming  to  England,  he  was  accepted  by 
Phelis  and  married  her.  In  forty  days  he 
returned   to    the  Holy  I^nd,  when  he 


GUY  FAWKE8. 


416 


GWYNEDD. 


RdMned  «ftrl  Jonas  out  of  prison,  slew 
the  giant  Am'erant,  and  performed  many 
oHher  noble  exploits.  Again  he  return^ 
to  England,  just  in  time  to  encounter  the 
Danish  giant  Colebrond  (2  syL)  or  Col- 
brand,  which  combat  is  minutely  de- 
scribed by  Drayton,  in  his  Poiyotbion,  xii. 
At  Windsor  he  slew  a  boar  **  of  passing 
might**  On  Dunsmore  Heath  he  slew 
the  dun  cow  of  Dunsmore,  a  wild  and 
cruel  monster.  In  Northumberland  he 
slew  a  winged  dragon,  **  black  as  any 
cole,"  with  mt  paWs  of  a  lion,  and  a  hide 
which  no  swora  could  pierce  {Polyolbion. 
xiii.).  After  this  he  turned  hermit,  and 
went  daily  to  crave  bread  of  his  wife 
Phelis,  who  knew  him  not.  On  his  death- 
bed he  sent  her  a  ring,  and  she  closed  his 
dying  eyes  (890-958). 

Guy  "FaiwkBBt  the  consninitor,  went 
under  the  name  of  John  Johnstone,  and 
pretended  to  be  the  servant  of  Mr.  Percy 
(1677-1606). 

Guy  Maanering.  the  second  of 
Scott*s  historical  novels,  published  in. 
1815,  just  seven  months  after  WaveHey. 
The  interest  of  the  tale  is  well  sustained ; 
but  the  love  scenes,  female  characters, 
and  Guy  Hannering  himself  are  quite 
worthless.  Not  so  the  character  of 
Dandy  Dinmont,  the  shrewd  and  witty 
counsellor  Pleydell,  the  desperate  sea- 
beaten  villainy  of  Hatteraick.  the  uncouth 
devotion  of  that  gentlest  of  all  pedants 
poor  Domine  Sampson,  and  the  savage 
crazed  superstition  of  the  gipsv-dweller 
in  Demcleugh  (time,  George  II.). 


Our  Mummtrhto  «u  tbc  work  of  ate  ««eki  about 
ChrtotniM-Uiua,  and  marinof  hMU  M«  Tlilbio  both  tn  Um 
plot  and  In  iu  daralepnMnt— Cbambwi^  Mm§Hth  LUmtk- 
$>Kt0,  II.  W0L 

Gajra'teline  or  Guith'elin,  ac- 
cording to  Geoffrey,  son  of  Gurgiunt 
Brabtruc  {BrUish  History,  iii.  11,  12,  13) ; 
but,  according  to  Drayton,  son  of  Gur- 
srnstus  an  early  British  king.  (See 
GuBOUSTUs.)  His  queen  was  Martia, 
who  codified  what  are  called  the  Martian* 
Laws,  translated  into  Anglo-Saxon  by 
king  Alfred.    (See  Martian  Laws.) 

OonnattM  ...  left  what  his  gnat  Ulhm  voa 
To  fM/utalhio  hb  h«lr.  whow  quota  .  .  . 
Sa  win  Muloiutiiw^  kwi  her  Martka  ftmt  dU  fruM. 
DrajrtoD.  i^^oWcw.  fUL  iUlS). 

Guyon  (^),  the  personification  of 
"temperance."  The  victory  of  tem- 
perance over  intemperance  is  the  subject 
of  bk.  ii.  of  the  Fairy  Qtu^m.  Sir  Guyon 
first  lights  on  Aniavia  (intemperance  of 
gfief)j  a  woman  who  kills  herself  out 
of  grief  for  her  husband ;  and  he  takes 
her  infant  boy  and  commits  it  to  the 


care  of  Medi'na.  He  next  meets  Bim^ 
^adocdo  (intemperanceof  the  Umgue)^  wSo 
IS  stripped  bare  of  ever3rthing.  He  then 
encouAters  Furor  (intemperance  of  anger)^ 
and  delivers  Phaon  from  his  hands.  In- 
temperance of  ikmre  is  discomfited  in 
the  persons  of  Pyr'oclfis  and  Cym'odfia  ; 
then  intemperance  otpl^aswrey  or  wanton- 
ness, in  the  person  of  Phiedria,  After  hii 
victory  over  wantonness,  he  sees  Mam- 
mon (mtemperanoe  of  worldly  vwltk  and 
honour) ;  bai  he  rejects  all  his  offers,  aad 
Mammon  is  foiled.  His  last  and  great 
achievement  is  the  destruction  of  the 
'*  Bower  of  Bliss,"  and  the  binding  im 
chains  of  adamant  the  eochantresa 
Acrasia  (or  mUmperanoe  generally). 
This  «sGhantress  was  feariess  agaiiisl 
ForcCj  but  Wisdom  and  Temperance 
prevailed  against  her.— Spenser,  FdSrff 
Qtuen^u.  12(1590). 

Guyot  (Herirand),  one  of  the  arohen 
in  the  Scottish  guard  attached  to  Lonia 
XL— Sir  W.  ^tt,  Qwentm  Durward 
(time,  Edward  lY.). 

Gusmaa  d'Allkra'ohe  (4  sy/.), 
hero  of  a  Spanish  romanoe  of  roguery. 
He  begins  uy  being  a  dupe,  but  sooo 
becomes  a  knave  in  Uie  character  of 
stable-boy,  beggar,  swindle,  pander, 
student,  merchant,  and  so  on. — Mateo 
Aleman  (1599). 

*^*  Probably  7^  Lift  of  Owmtm 
Alfarache  suggested  to  Leaage  The  Life 
of  Oil  Bias,  It  is  certain  that  Lesag« 
borrowed  from  it  the  incident  of  the  pai«- 
site  who  obtained  a  capital  supper  out  of 
the  greenhorn  by  terming  him  the  eighth 
wonder. 

Gwenhid'wy,  a  mermaid.  TIm 
white  foamy  waves  are  called  her  ^6epi 
and  the  ninth  wave  her  ram. 

Tkka  ibattar  whaarai M* OwvahUvf  4rtfh« tar  10* 

.  .  .  thajr  watdMd  tha  gnat  aaa  ten. 
Wave  aflar  wan^  oaah  nichtlar  than  the  laitt 
TIU  last,  a  ninth  oim,  gathwiag  half  tlia  4mp, 
And  AiU  of  troioat.  ilowtjr  ran  and  pi— gad, 
Bnarinc  and  all  tha  wava  waa  In  a  Same. 

THinjraoQ.  Th*  Btig  OraH 

Gwent,  Monmouthshire. 

Not  a  brook  of  Monanr  (O/omoryaiuMrt)  nor  GwanL 
COnurteo.  Ptijfcmtm,  It.  (ISin. 

Gwineth'ia  (4  sy/.),  North  Wales. 

Which  thro'  CSwlnethta  bo  to  temout  amprbara. 
Drairtoii.  A>i;ro(Mm.  B.  aSM|> 

Gwynedd  or  Gwyfeth,  North 
Wales.  Khodri  Mavrr,  in  878,  moved 
to  Aber'frow  the  seat  of  government,  pra* 
viously  fixed  at  Dyganwy. 

Aaous  tha  hiUa  of  Owynoth.  aai  Mi  vMi 
And  nonntaia  slanik 

•oathir.  JTMlatb  L  ISOmX 


6WTNNS. 


417 


HADES. 


G'wynne  (Ifell),  one  of  the  favouritei 
of  Charletf  11.  She  wu  an  actress,  bnt 
IB  ha  palmy  days  was  noted  for  her 
naay  woika  of  benerolenoe  and  kindness 
of  heart.  The  last  words  of  king  Charles 
were,  *«  Don*t  let  poor  NeUy  starve !  "—Sir 
W.  Scott»  Fmierii  of  ti§  FmM  (time, 
Gharlaall.). 

Oyas  and  CloanthtiBy  two  com- 
panioos  of  Mat'ma,  generally^  mentioned 
tagcther  as  **fortb  Gyas  fortisqne  Cloan- 
thos.**  The  phraae  has  become  prorei^ 
hial  forjwo  very  similar  chara^ers.^ 


ttaaaouc  P«nHal  soS 
bf  otttwaid  appMnuio*.— 


Qyapes  (2  sy/.)»  on*  of  the  Titans. 
Ha  Imd  fifty  heads  and  a  hundred  hands. 

OygeMj  a  kine  of  Lydia,  of  whom  Apollo 
Bsid  he  deemed  the  poor  Arcadian  A^laos 
move  bappT  than  the  king  Gygcs,  who 
was  proverbial  for  his  wealth. 

(rifles  (3  sy/.),  who  dethroned  Can- 
daolea  (3  «y/.)  kti^i;  of  Lydia,  and  married 
Hyana  the  y<ninff  widow.  Herodotos 
mys  thai  GandaiUes  showed  Gyges  the 

&in  ber  bath,  and  the  queen,  in- 
t  at  this  impropriety,  induced 
Gygcs  to  kill  the  king  and  marry  her 
(Mc  L  8).     He  reigned  b.c.  71&-67d. 

Gif^s  Rmg  rendered  the  wearer  in- 
visible. Plato  says  that  Gyges  found  the 
liag  in  the  flanks  of  a  brazen  horse,  and 
was  enabled  by  Uiis  talisman  to  enter  the 
king's  chamber  unseen,  and  murder  him. 

Wkr  ^^  ro«  <Unk  thai  ron  had  On*^  rtog. 
Or  tiM  iHrtk  {/*m  M«<)  that  ghrw  lnTtelbl%r 


>  iM4 1/ a« /MM,  L  1 OMT). 

Gynec'ixiin,  the  apartment  in  which' 
fibe  Anglo-Saxon  women  lived. — Fos- 
broke,  2W»7«we«»,  iL  570  (1824). 

Qynetli,  natural  daughter  of  Gnen- 
dftlcn  and  king  Arthiir.  The  king 
ptomised  to  give  her  in  marriage  to 
the  bcavest  knight  in  a  tonmament  in 
which  the  warder  was  given  to  her  to 
drop  when  she  pleased.  The  haughty 
boso^  saw  twenty  knights  fall^  among 
whom  was  Yanoc,  son  of  Merhn.  Im- 
mediately Tanoc  fell,  Merlin  rose,  put 
an  end  to  the  jonsts,  and  caused  Gyneth 
to  fall  into  a  trance,  firom  which  she  was 
never  to  wake  till  her  hand  was  claimed 
in  warriage  by  some  knight  as  brave  as 
tiboae  who  had  fallen  in  the  tournament. 
After  the  lapse  of  500  years,  De  Vanx 
wadertook  to  break  the  spell,  and  had  to 
four  temptations,  vis,,   fear, 


avarice,  pleasure,  and  ambition.  Having 
succeeded  m  these  encounters,  G^rneth 
awoke  and  became  his  bride. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Bridal  of  Triermain  (1818). 

Gyp,  the  college  servant  al  Blnahing- 
ton,  wno  stole  his  tea  and  sugar,  candles, 
and  so  on.  After  Blushington  came  into 
his  fortune,  he  made  Gyp  his  chief 
domestic  and  private  secretary. — ^W.  T. 
If oncrieff,  The  Boihful  Mam. 

Qyptian  (AnfU),  a  vagrant. 

TtramlpartHmmm] tointhne* St  OrpttM'u] 
Did  CMic  BM  a  month  (jtm.  mmaeUmm  aian) 


To  hmk*  the  bowm  \to  r^nt  thm/ood  prowtdt^ 
BkauM  tb«y  had  no  bMtar  dteen  in  autrm. 
Q.  Oaarolgm.  Tk$  PtuUm  ^  Wmrm,  100  (diXllMy). 


H. 

H.  B.,  the  initials  adopted  by  Mr. 
Doyle,  fwbher  of  Richard  Doyle,  in  his 
£eform  Caricatvre9  (1880). 

H.  XT.  (hard  up),  aa  H.  U.  member 
of  society. 

Hackbum  (Sknon  of)^  a  friend  of 
Hobbie  Elliott,  farmer  at  the  Heugh-foot. 
~Sir  W.  Scott,  Th9  Black  Dwarf  (time, 
Anne). 

Haokum  {Capktin),  a  thick-headed 
bully  of  Alsatia,  once  a  sergeant  in 
Flanders.  He  deserted  his  colours,  fled 
to  England,  took  refuge  in  Alnatia,  and 
assumed  the  title  of  captain. — Shadwell, 
Squire  of  Aleatia  (1688). 

Had  I  a  Heart  for  Falsehood 
Framed  I  —  Sheridan,  The  Duenna 
(1778). 

Hadad,  one  of  the  six  Wise  Men  of 
the  East  led  by  the  guiding  star  to  Jesus. 
He  left  his  beloved  consort  fairest  of  the 
dan^ters  of  Bethu'rim.  At  his  decease 
she  shed  no  tear,  yet  was  her  love  ex- 
ceeding that  of  mortals. — ^Klopstocl^  The 
Mestu^  V.  (1771). 

Had'aiKray  (Jack),  a  former  neigh- 
bour of  Nanty  Ewart  the  smuj^gler- 
captain.  —  Sir  W.  Scott,  Bedgauntlet 
(time,  George  III.). 

Ha'des  (2  sy/.),  the  god  of  the  un- 
seen world ;  also  applied  to  the  grave,  or 
the  abode  of  departed  spirits. 

*«*  In  the  Apostle^  Creed,  the  phiaac 

2  K 


HADGI. 


418 


HAIDEE. 


(*  descended  into  hell  **  u  eqaivftlent  to 
<*  descended  into  hades.** 

Hadgi  (Abdailah  el)y  the  soldan*8 
envoy.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Talisman 
(time,  Richaid  !.)• 

Hadoway  (i/r<.)>  Lovel*8  landlady 
at  Fairport.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Antiquary 
(time,  George  III.)* 

Hadramaut,  *  province  containing 
the  pit  where  the  souls  of  infidels  dwell 
after  death.  The  word  means  *' Cham- 
bers of  death.'*— ii/  Koran, 

Hn'mony,  a  most  potent  connter- 
charm,  more  powerful  even  than  moly 
.«.)•    So   called    from  Hnmonia,  f.«. 
essaly,  the  land  of  magic 


%: 


■nrighflj  root. 
Bat  flf  dIvliM  dfcct ... 
Tbc  iMf  WM  darkiab  and  had  pricklM  OB  It  t 
But  In  MioUMr  oouiitrr 

Bonmhti^tmMmiawtti  bat  not  I*  tkte  mO. 
Unknown  andUlw  Mteeaied.  and  Um  dull  vwala 
Ikaadi  on  U  dniljr  with  hit  eloutad  sboon  ; 
And  ytt  mora  mod'dnal  hi  It  than  that  MSljr 
That  HomM*  onoe  to  wbt  Uhriw  gava^ 
BafM*  M«y*k«r«iJ caUwl  It  Jtomon/.  and  SBva  It ON^ 
And  bade  mo  keep  It.  ai  of  •overeicn  uae 
Vainat  aU  enehantaieato,  mildew,  blaM,  or  daaipk 
Or  gbaetir  tariai' appaiMoa. 

MUton,  dMNMa  0084). 

HsBmos,  in  Latin  Hjbmus,  a  chain 
of  mountains  forming  the  northern  boon- 
dary  of  Thrace.  Very  celebrated  by 
po^  as  **  the  cool  Hsmus.*' 


fi 


hUle  with  news  eternal  crowned: 

Pope,  ihad,  tt.  40  (171^ 

Hafod,  a  ^heber  or  fire-worshipper,  in 
love  with  Uinda  the  emir*s  daughter. 
He  was  the  leader  of  a  band  sworn  to 
free  their  country  or  die  in  the  attempt. 
His  rendexvotts  was  betrayed,  but  when 
the  Moslem  came  to  arrest  him,  he  threw 
himself  into  the  sacred  fire  and  was 
burnt  to  death.— T.  Moore,  Lalla  Rookh 
("  The  Fire- Worshippers,**  1817). 

Haf  edal,  the  protector  of  travellers, 
one  of  the  foor  gods  of  the  Adites 
(2  syl). 

Hafiz,  the  nom  de  plume  of  Mr.  Stott 
in  the  Morning  Press,  Byron  calls  him, 
**  grovelling  Stott,**  and  adds,  *'What 
would  be  the  sentiment  of  the  Persian 
Anacreon  ...  if  he  could  behold  his 
name  assumed  by  one  Stott  of  Dromore, 
the  most  impudent  and  execrable  of 
literary  poachers?** — English  Bards  and 
Scotch  Reviewers  (1809). 

Hafod.  As  big  a  fool  as  Jack  Hafod, 
jMck  Uafnd  was  a  retainer  of  Mr. 
BarUett  of  Castlemorton,  Worcestershire, 


and  the  ultimMS  scurrarum  of  Great 
Britain.  He  died  at  the  close  of  the 
eighteenth  century. 


Hagan,  son  of  a  mortal  and  a 

foblin,  the  Achillas  of  German  romance, 
[e  stabbed  Siegfried  while  drinking  from 
a  brook,  and  laid  the  body  at  the  door  of 
Kriemhild,  th^  she  might  suppose  he  had 
been  killed  by  assassins.  Hagan,  having 
kiUed  Siegfried,  then  seized  lie  '*Nibe- 
lung  hoara,**  and  bnried  it  in  the  Bhine, 
int^iding  to  appropriate  it.  Kriemhild, 
after  her  marriage  with  Etiel  king  of  th« 
Huns,  invited  him  to  the  oonrt  of  her 
husband,  and  cut  off  his  head.  He  ia 
described  as  **  well  grown,  stronglv  built, 
with  long  sinewy  l^s,  deep  broad  chest, 
hair  slightly  grey,  of  terrible  visage,  and 
of  lordly  gait  *^  (stanza  1799).— Tha 
Nibelungen  Lied  (1210). 

Ha'garenes  (3  sy/.),  the  desoendanta 
of  Hagar.  The  Arabs  and  the  Spaniah 
Moors  are  so  called. 


Oflen  he  [8t.Jm»m\ 
deetivring  tae 
Iv.S(lSU)^ 


Dmt  qtUmmU,  U. 


Hagenbaoh  {Sir  Archibald  tym), 
governor  of  La  Ferette. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
^ttfid  of  Oeierstein  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Harae  (1  syL).  This  word  means 
"meadow,**  and  is  called  in  the  Dutch, 
S*  Gravenhagen  (**  the  coant*s  hagne  or 
meadow**). 

Haiatal'nefbus  (5  syh),  daughter 
and  only  child  of  Ar'manos  king  of  the 
"Isle  of  Ebon^.**  She  and  Badoura 
were  the  two  wives  of  prince  Camarml'- 
zaman,  and  gave  birth  at  the  same  time 
to  two  princes.  Badoura  called  her  son 
Amgiad  ("  the  most  glorious  **),  and 
Haiatalnefous  called  her*s  Assad  r '  the 
most  happy  **). — AnAian  Nights  ("  Gam»- 
ralzaman  and  Badoura  **)• 

Haidee',  "the  beauty  of  the  Cy^ 
clad^,**  was  the  daughter  of  Lambro 
a  Greek  pirate,  living  in  one  of  the 
Cyclad^  Her  mother  was  a  Moorish 
maiden  of  Fezj  who  died  when  Haidee 
was  a  mere  child.  Being  brou^t  up  in 
utter  loneliness,  she  was  wholly  Natare*e 
child.  One  day,  don  Jnan  was  cast  on 
the  shore,  the  only  one  saved  from  a 
shipwrecked  crew,  tossed  about  for  many 
days  in  the  long-boat.  Haidee  lighted 
on  the  lad,  and,  having  nursed,  him  in  a 
cave,  fell  in  love  wiu  him.  A  report 
being  heard  th^  Lambro  was  dead,  doa 
Juan  gave  a  banquet,  but  in  the  midst  oC 


HAIMON. 


419 


HAKIH. 


flie  lerelxy,  tiie  old  pinte  retained,  and 

ordered  doo  JnAn  to  be  teized  and  sold 

W3  m  slATe.     Haidee  broke  a  blood-vessel 

from  grief  and  fright,  and,  refusing  to 

take  any  nourishment,  died. — Bvron,  D<m 

'         iH  118;  ui.,  iv.  (1819,  1821). 

to  bsva  vovfcetf  op  BO  part  of  bia 

bcMrt^MMl  life  or  decertpUoa  M  that 
I  of  i«M  and 


oftbeQwdadlii 

inaoccot  (trl.  the  dao^tw 

Than  la  a  imry  Mipartar  kind  of 

of  tJib  hKMeni:  ttaa  daaolata 

of  tlw  aoahlen.  who  is  icBocant  aa 

coodiitoa  of  thajFOutlw— 

it< 


(Tke  Fwr  Sotu  of),  the 
title  €ft  n  minnesong  in  the  degeneracy 
of  tiint  poetic  school  which  rose  in  Ger- 
■lanj  with  the  house  of  Hobenstaufen, 
and  went  out  in  the  middle  of  the 
^irteenth  eentoiy. 

Hair.    Every  three  daj«,  when  Cor'- 

sina  combed  Uie  hair  of  Fairstar  and  her 

two  brothers,    *'a  great  many  valuable 

jcwds  were  combed  out,  which  she  sold 

at  die  nearest  town." — Comtesse  D'Aunoy, 

Famy  Tales  («<  Princess  Fairstar,"  1682). 

-I  aifiiiliiil."  mM  OoniBa.  "that  Chety  la  not  tfaa 

of  Flaintar.  iorha  hM  aaitbera  *^  aar  eolhv 

■  Fakstaraadharbrothanhava.'*    "lliat'ctnia.'' 

id :  "  but  Jawah  fail  oat  of  hit  teir.  aa 

l««M«r  thaothanr." 


Hrs.  Astley,  an  actress  of  the 
kst  ccBtoiy,  wiie  of  **  Old  Astley,"  could 
stand  op  ud  cover  her  feet  with  her 
iaxenhair. 


looaldatanddprlght 

to  bar  faat  Iflu  a  Taa.    ~ 


ami  k  cawad  bar  to  bar  faat  Iflu  a  valL  Sba  waa  varj 
pwwdcdawMaaaaan  locki;  aad;  lUgbt  aeddant  bf  Ufa 

v%^ha  aaod.  fhanfora.  to  vtaid  thb  fanmeMa  qnartltjr  of 
hatr  aaaad  har  haad.  and  pot  over  It  a  capadmn  caxoii, 
ihai^i^MMna  at  vhl^  «m  tlMl  har  haad  boreaboot 


Mad.  and  pot  over  It  a  capadmn  caxoii, 
of  vhiahwaa  that  har  haad  boreaboot 
.-     ..  :lo«  totba  raat  of  her  flgare  that  awliaia's 
t»Ua  badr.— PhBlp  Aatl^  (174S-1S14). 

Mdlle.  Bois  de  Chtee,  exhibited  in 
London  in  1852-^  had  a  most  profuse 
head  of  hair,  and  also  a  strong  black 
heard,  Inrge  whiskers,  and  thick  nair  on 
her  annsimd  i^s. 

Qmrles  XII.  had  in  his  army  a  woman 
whoae  beard  was  a  yard  and  a  half  long. 
She  WAS  taken  prisoner  at  the  battle  of 
Pnltowa,  and  presented  to  the  cxar  in 
1724. 

Joliaan  Mayo,  the  German  painter,  had 
a  beard  whicii  touched  the  ground  when 
he  stood  np. 

Master  George  Killingworthe,  in  the 
court  of  Ivan  *^the  Terrible  "  of  Russia, 
iMd  a  beard  five  feet  two  inches  long.  It 
was  thick,  broad,  and  of  a  yellowish  hue. 
— Uakluyt  (1589). 


Hair  Cut  OS,  It  was  said  by  the 
Greeks  and  Romans  that  life  would  not 
quit  the  body  of  a  devoted  victim  till  a 
lock  of  hair  had  first  been  cut  from  the 
head  of  the  victim  and  ^ven  to  Proser- 
pine. Thus,  when  Alcestis  was  about  to 
die  as  a  voluntary  sacrifice  for  the  life  of 
her  husband,  Than'atos  first  cut  off  a  lock 
of  her  hair  for  the  queen  of  the  infemaln. 
When  Dido  immohUed  herself,  she  could 
not  die  till  Iris  had  cut  off  one  of  her 
yellow  locks  for  the  same  pnipofe.— Vir- 
gil, JSktftd,  iv.  698-705. 

Iria cot  thanlkMr  hahr  of  anhappy  Mdo. aad  beoka  tfaa 
W.  Bohna^  A  ut»tiwli/tJU  MrmJ^tut  fatia. 


Hair  8i^  of  Bank. 

The  Parthians  and  ancient  Persians  of 
high  rank  wore  long  flowing  hair. 

Homer  speaks  of  "the  long^-haired 
Greeks**  by  way  of  honourable  distinction. 
Subsequently  the  Athenian  cavalry  wore 
long  hair,  and  all  Lacedsmonian  soldiers 
did  the  same. 

The  Gauls  considered  long  hair  a  notable 
honour,  for  which  reason  Julius  Oesar 
obliged  them  to  cut  off  their  hair  in 
token  of  submission. 
^  The  Franks  and  ancient  Germans  con- 
sidered long  hair  a  mark  of  noble  birth. 
Hence  Clodion  the  Frank  was  called  **  The 
Long-Haired,**  and  his  successors  are 
spoken  of  as  /m  rois  chnelwet. 

The  Goths  looked  on  lon^  hair  as  a 
mark  of  honour,  and  short  hair  as  a  mark 
of  thraldom. 

For  many  centuries  long  hair  was  in 
France  the  distinctive  mark  of  kings  and 
nobles. 

HaXs'tun  (8  syl.),  the  horse  on  which 
the  archangel  Gabriel  rode  when  he  led 
a  squadron  of  8000  angels  against  the 
Koreishites  (3  ayL)  in  the  famous  battle 
of  Bedr. 

Hakem'  or  Hakeem,  chief  of  the 
Druses,  who  resides  at  Deir-el-Kamar. 
The  first  hakem  was  the  third  Fatimite 
caliph,  called  B'amr-ellah,  who  professed 
to  \k  incarnate  deity  and  the  last  prophet 
who  had  pers<»ial  communication  between 
God  and  man.  He  was  slain  on  mount 
Mokattam,  near  Cairo  (Egypt). 

Hakam  tba  khaur  fanfahad  arat. 
In  wliat  aeamcd  death  to  aalnattlMtad^aib 
Ob  rod  Mokattann'ii  varfa. 
Bobart  BMwalns;  fha  Matmm  a^  Ika  JPraaw,  L 

Hakim  (Adonbec  W),  Saladin  in  the 
disffuise  of  a  physician.  He  visited 
Richard  Coeor  de  Lion  in  sickness ;  gave 
him  a  medicine  in  which  the  "  talisman  ** 
had   been  dipped,   and  the  sick   king 


HALCRO. 


420 


HAMET. 


recovered  from  his  fever. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
The  Talisman  (time,  Richard  I.)* 

Haloro  (Claud),  the  old  bard  of 
Magnus  Troil  the  udaller  of  Zetland. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Pirate  (time,  William 

III.). 

*f*  A  udaller  is  one  who  holds  his 
land  by  allodial  tenure. 

Halcyon  a  Weathercock.    It  is 

said  tiiat  if  the  kingfisher  or  halcyon  is 
hung,  it  will  diow  which  way  the  wind 
blows  by  veering  about. 

How  DO*  itaodi  Um  wliidt 

Into  wliat  corner  poen  mj  lwlejKm*ft  bOIt 

MarJowo.  /m*  oT  Malta  (1968)i 

Or  ••  a  liakgron  wfth  bar  tamlnc  breit, 
UMOoiwtnit«fi  wind  firotn  wind  and  easi  from  wa«t 
Stover.  W  «f>d  Death  qf  Thorn.  WotMeg,  Car*.  {\ailB). 

Halden  or  Halfdene  (2  eyL),  a 
Danish  king,  who  with  Basrig  or  Bi^gsecg, 
another  Scandinavian  king,  made  (in  871) 
a  descent  upon  Wessex,  and  in  that  one 
year  nine  pitched  battles  were  fought 
with  the  islanders.  The  first  was  Engle- 
field,  in  Berkshire,  in  which  the  Danes 
were  beaten :  the  second  was  Reading,  in 
which  the  Danes  were  victorious ;  the 
third  was  the  famous  battle  of  iEscesdnn 
or  Ashdune,  in  which  the  Danes  were 
defeated  with  great  loss,  and  king  Bag- 
secg  was  slain.  In  909,  Halfdene  was 
slain  in  the  battle  of  Wodneefield  (Staf- 
fordshire). 

Itaadlns  jTQ  ragalnod  ... 

WhereBaoig  yt  outbravod,  and  Halden  nrord  to  aword. 
]>niytun.  Pol^olMon,  aJL  (16U). 

Hal'dimund  (Sir  Etces)^  a  friend  of 
lord  Dalgamo.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Fortunee 
of  Nigel  (time,  James  I.). 

Hales  {John),  called  <*The  Ever- 
Memorable  "  (1684-1656). 

The  works  of  John  Hales  were  pub- 
lished after  his  death,  in  1659,  under  the 
title  of  The  Golden  Jiemains  of  the  Ever- 
MemorcAle  Mr,  John  Males  of  Eton 
College  (three  vols.). 

Halkit  {Mr,),  a  young  lawyer  in  the 
introduction  of  sir  W.  Scott's  Ueart  of 
Midlothian  (1818). 

Hall  {Sir  Christopher),  an  officer  in 
the  army  of  Montrose. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Legend  of  Montrose  (time,  Charles  I.). 

Hallam's  Greek.  Henrv  Hallam 
reviewed,  in  The  Edinbwrgh,  Payne 
Knight's  book  entitled  An  Analytical 
Incnjury  into  the  Principles  of  Taste,  and 
lashed  most  unmercifully  some  Greek 
verses  tiierein.  It  was  not  discovered 
that  the  lines  were  Pindar's  till  it  was 


too  late  to  cancel  the  critique. — Crabb 

Robinson,  Diary,  i.  277. 

Claarie  Hallam.  modi  renowned  fbr  Greak. 
Hrron,  MmgUMh  Bmrdt  mid  Stauh  Mawttmen  (18H|L 


Haller  {Mrs,),  At  the  age  of  16 
Adelaide  [Mrs.  Haller]  married  the  count 
Waldbonrg,  from  whom  she  eloped.  The 
count  then  led  a  roving  life,  and  wa« 
known  as  **  the  stranger.  The  countess, 
repenting  of  her  folly,  assumed  (for  three 
years)  the  name  of  Mrs.  Haller,  and  took 
service  under  the  countess  of  Wintersen^ 
whose  affection  she  wcm  by  her  amiability 
and  sweetness  of  temper.  Baron  Stein^ 
fort  fell  in  love  with  her,  but,  hearing 
her  tale,  interested  himself  in  bringing 
about  a  reconciliation  between  Bfrs.  Haller 
Mid  ^*  the  stranger^"  who  happened,  at  the 
time,  to  be  living  m  the  same  neighbour- 
hood. They  met  and  bade  adieu,  but 
when  their  children  were  brought  forth 
they  relented,  and  rushed  into  each 
other's  arms. — Bei\).  Thompson,  The 
Stranger{l797).  Adap ted  from  Kotsebue. 

In  "  Mn.  Haller."  the  powan  of  MteOrNaOi.  aldad  l9  bcr 
beauty,  dioiie  forth  In  the  bigheet  perfection,  aiid  vhen 
■he  aiKicared  la  that  character,  with  John  Kemble  aa 
"The  Stranaar."  a ipeetade  was  exIuMted  eoch  as  no  «mm 
ever  mw  before,  or  wiU  ever  eee  again.— Sir  A.  Albon. 

HaUiday  (Tom),  a  private  in  the 
ro^ral  army.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Old  Mortality 
(time,  Qiarles  II.). 

Hamartl'a,  Sin  personified,  offspring 
of  the  red  dragon  and  Eve.  "  A  foul,  de- 
formed **  monster,  *'more  foul,  deformed, 
the  sun  yet  never  saw.**  **  A  woman 
seemed  she  in  the  upper  Ptrt,**  but  **  the 
rest  was  in  serpent  lorm,  though  out  of 
sight.  FuUv  described  in  canto  xiL  of 
The  Purple'  Island  (1683),  by  Phineas 
Fletcher.     (Greek,  hamarUa,  ''sin.**) 

Hamet,  son  of  Mand&nd  and  Zamti 
(a  Chinese  mandarin).  When  the  infant 
prince  Zaphimri,  called  '*the  orphan  of 
China,**  was  committed  to  the  care  of 
Zamti,  Hamet  was  sent  to  Corea^  and 
placed  under  the  charge  of  Morat;  but 
when  grown  to  manhood,  he  led  a  band  of 
insurgents  against  Ti'murkan'  the  Tartar, 
who  nad  usurped  the  throne  of  China. 
He  was  seized  and  condemned  to  death, 
under  the  conviction  that  he  was 
Zaphimri  the  prince.  Etan  (who  was 
the  real  Zaphimri)  now  came  forward  to 
acknowledge  his  rank,  and  Timurkan, 
unable  to  ascertain  which  was  the  true 
prince^  ordered  them  both  to  execution. 
At  this  juncture  a  part]^  of  insurgents 
arrived,  Hamet  and  Zaphimri  were  set  at 
liberty,  Timurkan  was  slain,  and  Zaphimri 


BAMET. 


421 


HAMPDEN. 


nuaed  to  the  throne  of  his  foreftithen. 
—Murphy,  The  Orphan  of  Chma. 

ffdmetj  one  of  the  black  slaves  of  sir 
Brian  de  B<»js  Guilbert  Receptor  of  the 
Knights  TempUrs.—Sir  W.  Scott,  Ivat^ 
hoe  (time,  Richard  !.)• 

Namei  (like  Cid)  or  The  Ctd  Hamet 
Bbxknoki,'!,  the  hypothetical  Mooriifh 
dironicler  who  is  fabled  by  Cervantte  to 
hare  written  the  adventures  of  "don 
Qaixoie." 

O  ITfrt  ■othitt  gm»  wy  gray  jdow  q«fll ! .  .  • 
place.  hk«  IUincr%  ^mD  IM  frw. 
Bmrdt  amd  Seotek  Mtni^mtn  (IBOSJi. 

I  Qd  HaMDeC.  addrtarinff  hbnaalf  to  bb  pan, 
■Vi^  "MmA  mm.  mw  alandcr  qofll.  wbethar  akilAdly  cut 
m  iifcaiMlw..  haae  fnm,  lUa  tack,  napaadui  by  •  vina, 
Aab  chm  peMsefunr  Hva  to  dlrtant  tlmaa.  onlcaa  tba  hand 
«r  laMaiaA  hlHiiffaa  dktarb  thj  rapoaa  bf  lakiBs  Oiaa 


Hamilton  {Lady  EmUy),  sister  of 
loid  Evandale.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Old  Mor- 
Udag  (time,  Charles  U.). 

Hamiltmde  (8  wi.),  a  poor  Fiench- 
the  first  of  Charleraaepe's  nine 
She  bore  him  several  children. 

with  a 


. ..«.  tamplaa  vlSi  aald  and  P«M* 
loopad  op  with  raby  daqia.  Bar 
tobaa  gave  iMr  aa  air  of  awpMabig 

OTPiiM«a»<f  Ilia,  liL 

Hamlet,  prince  of  Denmark,  a  man 
ei  mind  but  not  of  action;  nephew  of 
Qaadins  the  reignintf  king,  who  had 
married  the  widowed  queen.  Uamlet 
loved  Ophelia,  daughter  of  Polo'nius  the 
lord  diamberlain;  but  feeling  it  to  be 
his  doty  to  revenge  his  fathers  murder, 
he  abandoned  the  idea  of  marriage,  and 
treated  Ophelia  so  strangely,  that  she 
vent  mad,  and,  gathering  flowers  from 
a  brook,  feU  into  tiie  water  and  was 
drowned.  While  wasting  bis  energy  in 
speculation,  Hamlet  accepted  a  challenge 
from  L4Mrtes  of  a  friendly  contest  with 
foils  ;  but  Laertfis  used  a  poisoned  rapier, 
with  which  he  stabbed  the  young  pnnce. 
A  scuffle  ensued,  in  which  the  combatants 
changed  weapons,  and  Laertes  being 
stabbed,  both  died. — Shakespeare,  HanUet 
(1596). 

"The  whole  play,"  says  Schlegel,  "i» 
intended  to  show  that  calculating  con- 
sideration which  exhausts  .  . .  the  power 
of  action.**  Goethe  is  of  the  same  opinion, 
snd  says  that  **  Hamlet  is  a  noble  nature, 
without  the  strength  of  nerve  which  forms 
a  hero.  He  sinks  beneath  a  burden  which 
he  caanot  bear,  and  cannot  \nuike  up  Am 

md  to]  cast  aside.** 

•^*  The  best  actors  of  "Hamlet"  have 
Thomas     Betterton     (1685-1710), 


Robert  Wilks  (1670-1782),  Garrick 
(1716-1779),  John  Henderson  (1747- 
1785),  J.  P.  Kemble  (1767-1828),  and  W. 
H.  Betty  (1792-1874).  Next  to  these,  C. 
Kemble  (1775-1854),  C.  M.Young  (1777- 
1866),  Edmund  Kean  (1787-1888),  Henry 
Irving  (1840-        ),  etc. 

•*•  In  the  History  of  ffiamblety  Hamlet*8 
father  is  caUed  "  Horvendille." 

Hammer  (The),  Judas  Asanonans, 
sninaBed  Maooabaus^  "the  hammer" 
(B.O.  166-186). 

Cbarles  Hartel  (689-741). 


Ob  prMand  qo'on  kd  donna  la  lUiBaMi  da  Afortal 
mrceou'il  avail  henaA  eoouna  avec  un  inartcau  lot 
Sam^na  aul,  aaoa  k  aoudHita  d'Abdlniua,  atalant 
asTabl  la  mnca.— fioiUUat. 

Hammftr  and  Soonrse  of  Eng- 
land, sir  William  Wallace  (1270-1305). 

Hammer  of  Heretice. 

1.  PiKBRB  D*AiLLY,  president  of  the 
eouncil  which  condemned  J<^m  Husf 
(1350-1426). 

2.  St.  Auoustikb,  "the  pillar  of 
truth  and  hammer  of  heresies"  (395* 
430).— Hakewell. 

3.  John  Faber.  So  called  from  the 
title  of  one  of  his  works,  MtUietu  Bereiic* 
orum  (1470-1541). 

Hammer  of  ScotlaikU  Edward  I. 
His  son  inscribed  on  his  tomb:  "Edwardns 
Longus  Scotorum  Malleus  hie  est "  (1239, 
1272-1807). 

Hammerlein  (Clous),  the  smith,  one 
of  the  insurgents  at  Liege. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Quentin  Dvrtcard  (time,  Edward  lY.). 

Hamond,  captain  of  the  guard  of 
Bollo  ("  the  bloody  brother"  of  Otto,  and 
duke  of  Normandy).  He  stabs  the  duke, 
and  Bollo  stabs  the  captain  ;  so  that  tbey 
kill  each  other. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher, 
The  Bloody  Brother  (1639). 

Hampden  (John)  was  bom  in 
London,  out  after  his  marriage  lived  as  a 
country  squire.  He  was  imprisoned  in 
the  gate-house  for  refusing  to  pay  a  tax 
callMl  ship-money,  imposed  without  the 
authority  of  parliament.  The  case  was 
tried  in  the  Exchequer  Chamber,  in  1687, 
and  given  against  him.  He  threw  him* 
self  heart  and  soul  into  the  business 
of  the  Long  Parliament,  and  commanded 
a  troop  in  the  parliamentary  army.  In 
1643  he  fell  in  an  encounter  with  prince 
Bupert;  but  he  has  ever  been  honoured 
as  a  patriot,  and  the  defender  of  the  rights 
of  the  people  (1594-1648). 


rM«/ll  Hampdaa  no  mora,  wkca  wITcriag 
locountar  Fate,  aiid  triunipb  aa  1m  falb? 

CanipbaU,  fttatmrf  V  ftV*  L  OTMl^ 


HAMZU-BEN-AHMUD. 


428 


HANS. 


Tillice  Hjunpdm,  that  with  daantlaa  1 
ThtliUl*  Igrnuit  of  his  ftddi  witbtitood. 

Gfv.  JB*n  0740). 

Hamzu-ben-Ahmud,  who,  on  the 
death  of  hakeem  B'amr-elUh  (called  the 
incarnate  deity  and  last  prophet),  was 
the  most  zealous  propagator  of  tiie  new 
faith,  oat  of  which  the  semi-Moham- 
medan sect  called  Druses  subsequently 
arose. 

N.B.— They  were  not  called  "Druses'* 
till  tiie  eleventh  century,  when  one  of  their 
**  apostles,**  called  Duni,  led  them  from 
Egypt  to  Syria,  and  the  sect  was  called 
by  his  name. 

Handers  Monument^  in  West- 
minster Abbey,  is  by  Roubiliae.  It  was 
the  last  work  executed  by  this  sculptor. 

Han  {SofM  of),  the  Chinese  ^  so  called 
from  U&n,  the  village  in  which  Ueou- 
pang  was  chief.  Lieou-pang  conquered 
all  who  opposed  him,  seized  the  supreme 
power,  assumed  the  name  of  Kao-ho&ng- 
tee,  and  the  dynasty,  which  lasted  422 
years,  was  "the  fifth  imperial  d3ma8ty, 
or  that  of  H&n.'*  It  gave  thirty  emperors, 
and  the  seat  of  government  was  Yn. 
With  this  dvnasty  ue  modern  history  of 
China  begins  (b.c.  202  to  a.d.  220). 

HandBome  Englishman  {The\, 
The  French  used  to  call  John  Churchill, 
duke  of  Marlborough,  Le  M  Anglais 
(1660-1722). 

Handsome  Swordsman  (The). 
Joachim  Muratwas  popularly  called  Le 
Beau  &tbreur  (1767-1815). 

Hand^  (Sir  Abel),  a  great  contriver 
of  inventions  which  would  not  work,  and 
of  retrograde  improvements.  Thus  **  his 
infallible  axletree**  ^ve  way  when  it 
was  used,  and  the  carnage  was  "  smashed 
to  pieces.  His  substitute  for  gunpowder 
exploded,  endangered  his  life,  and  set 
fire  to  the  castle.  His  "'extinguishing 
powder  "  might  have  reduced  the  flames, 
but  it  was  not  mixed,  nor  were  his  patent 
fire-engines  in  workable  order.  He  said 
to  Farmer  Ashfieid : 


**  I  hav*  obUliMd  iNUaata  for  tVMMn.  tooUi-plcln.  and 
tliid«r»b(»M  .  .  .  and  have  now  on  hand  two  InveiitkMu, 
.  .  .  one  for  oonvcrttngmw-drnt  Into  deal  boaids,  and  tha 
oOmt  far  deanlng  reoau  by  MaaB-encliiae."— Act  L  1. 


Ladif  Nelly  handy  (his  wife),  formerly 
a  servant  in  the  house  of  Farmer  Ashfieid. 
She  was  full  of  affectations,  overbearing, 
and  dogmatical.  Lady  Nelly  tried  to 
**  forget  the  dunghill  whence  she  grew, 
and  thought  herself  the  Lord  knows  who.** 
Per  extravagance  was  so  great  that  sir 
Abel  said  his  "best  coal-pit  would  not 


find  her  in  white  muslin,  nor  his  India 
bonds  in  shawls  and  otto  of  roaes.**  It 
turned  out  that  her  first  husband  (jerald, 
who  had  been  absent  twenty  years,  re* 
appeared  and  claimed  her.  Sir  Abel  will- 
ingly resigned  his  claim,  and  gave  Gerald 
£5000  to  take  her  off  his  han& 

Robert  Handy  (always  called  Beb),  son 
of  sir  Abel  by  his  first  wife.  He  fancied 
he  could  do  everything  better  than  any 
one  else.  He  taught  the  post-boy  to  drive, 
but  broke  the  horse*s  knees.  He  taught 
Farmer  Ashfieid  how  to  box,  but  got 
knocked  down  by  him  at  the  first  blow. 
He  told  Dame  Ashfieid  he  had  learnt 
lace-making  at  Mechlin,  and  that  she  did 
not  make  it  in  the  right  wav ;  but  he 
spoilt  her  cushion  in  showing  her  how  to 
do  it.  He  told  lady  Handy  (his  father's 
bride)  she  did  not  know  how  to  use  the 
fan,  and  showed  her ;  he  told  her  die  did 
not  know  how  to  curtsey,  and  showed 
her.  Being  pestered  by  this  popinjay 
beyond  endurance,  she  implored  ner  hus- 
band to  protect  her  from  further  insultk 
Thou^  light-hearted,  Bob  was  "warm, 
steady,  and  sincere.**  He  married  Susan, 
the  daughter  of  Farmer  Ashfieid. — ^Th. 
Morton,  Speed  the  Pkmgh  (1798). 

Hanging  Judge  (The)^  sir  Frande 

Pi^(im-i74i). 

The  earl  of  Norbnry,  who  was  chief 
justice  of  the  Common  Pleas  in  Ireland 
from  1820  to  1827,  was  also 
with  the  same  unenviable  title. 

Hannali,  housekeeper  to  Mr.  Fairfoid 
the  hiwyer.— Sir  W.  Soott,  BedgamtUt 
(time,  (jleorge  III.). 

Hanover  Rat.  The  Jacobites  used 
to  afiirm  that  the  rat  was  brought  over  by 
the  Hanoverians  when  they  succeeded  to 
the  crown. 

One  BM  Mm  BritUi  Tecmln.  the  rat.— 

I  know  not  wbetber  be  oamo  la  ttie  Haaovar  dUVL 

1I.T.C 


Hans,  a  simple-minded  boy  of  five 
and  twentv,  in  love  with  Esther,  but  too 
shv  to  ask  her  in  marriage.  He  is  a 
**  Modus  *'  in  a  lower  social  grade ;  and 
Esther  is  a  **  cousin  Helen,**  who  laughs 
at  him,  loves  him,  and  teaches  him  how 
to  make  love  to  her  and  win  her.— S. 
Knowles,  The  Maid  of  Mariendorpl 
(1838). 

Hans,  the  pious  ferrrmMi  on  the  banks 
of  the  Rhine.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Anne  of 
Oeierstein  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Hans   (Adrian),    m    Dutch    merchant| 


HANS  OF  ICELAND. 


438 


HARDCASTLE. 


killed mt  Boee(m.^8ir  W.  Scott,  Pettmlof 
ike  Peak  (time,  Chariet  II.). 

Hans  of  Iceland,  a  novel  by 
Tietor  Hugo  (1824).  Hans  is  a  stern, 
■aTage,  Northern  monster,  ghastly  and 


Hans  von  Bippach  [i?^  pa*J.  ••«. 
Jack  of  Rippach.  Rippach  is  »  village 
near  Leipaic.  This  Hans  von  Rippach 
is  a  ''  Mons.  Nong-tong-pas,*"  that  is,  a 
person  asked  for,  who  does  not  exist. 
The  *'joke**  is  to  ring  a  house  np  at 
some  unseasonable  hoar,  and  ask  for 
Herr  Hans  Ton  Rippach  or  Mons.  Nong- 
tongpas. 


xxmumnx  (-^«t<0>  *  soldier  in  the 
castle  of  Garde  Doloureuse. — Sir  W. 
Seott,  The  Betrothed  (time,  Henry  II.). 

Hanawurat,  the  "  Jack  Padding  ^  of 
old  German  comedy,  but  almost  anni- 
hilated by  Gott8ched,in  the  middle  of  the 
ci^iteentii  centnry.  He  was  clumsy, 
hoee  in  person,  an  immense  gourmand, 
ana  fond  of  vulgar  practical  jokes. 

%•  The  French  «*Jean  Potage,"  the 
Italian  "Macaroni,**  and  the  Dutch 
**  Pickel  Herringe,**  were  similar  charac- 


Hapmonohe  (2  9yl*\  ue,  "fly- 
catcher,**  the  giant  who  first  hit  upon 
the  plaa  of  smoking  pork  and  n«its' 
toogoea. — Rabelais,  Pantagrueif  iL  1. 

Happer  or  Hob,  the  miller  who 
supplies  St.  Mary*s  Convent. 

ifyajtf  ffappeTf  the  miller's  daughter. 
Afterwards,  in  disuse,  she  acts  as  the 
page  of  sir  Piercie  Shafton,  whom  she 
marries.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Monastery 
(time,  Elizabeth). 

Happuok,  a  magician,  brother  of 
Ulin  the  enchantress.  He  was  the  instiga- 
tor of  rebellion,  and  intended  to  kill  the 
sultan  Misnar  at  a  review,  but  Misnar 
had  given  orders  to  a  body  of  archers  to 
shoot  the  man  who  was  left  standing 
when  the  rest  of  the  soldiers  fell  pros- 
trate in  adoration.  Mbnar  went  to  the 
review,  and  comniMided  the  army  to  give 
thanks  to  Allah  for  their  victory,  when 
all  fell  prostrate  except  Happuck,  who 
was  thus  detected,  and  instantly  de- 
spatched.— SirC.  Morelir  James  Ridley], 
Talee  of  the  Genu  ("The  Enchanter's 
Tale,**  vi.,  1761). 

agafiwt  VNn  and  BimnA,  OBo- 
:  and  duU 


r.  Ahiihack  and  Dam , 
tmr  Uw  eoQtiitnuiee  of  a  poor  rUerY— ro/at  qf  |A«  0«*U^ 

n,  P7S1). 


Happy  Valley  {The),  in  the  king- 
dom of  Amhara.  It  was  here  the  royal 
fnnces  and  princesses  of  Abyssinia  lived, 
t  was  surrounded  by  high  mountains, 
and  was  accessible  only  by  one  spot 
under  a  cave.  This  spot  was  concealed 
by  woods  and  closed  by  iron  gates. — I>r. 
Johnson,  Basadae  (1759). 

Har'anha,  a  descendant  of  Anak  the 
giant  of  Gath.  He  went  to  mock  Sam- 
son in  nrison,  but  durst  not  venture 
within  his  reach.  —  Milton,  Sam»om 
AgcnitUs  (1682). 

Harl>othel  {Master  F<Akm\^  the 
*squire  of  sir  Aymer  de  Valence. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Cattle  Dangerous  (time,  Henry  I.). 

Hard  Times,  a  novel  by  C.  Dickens 
(1854),  dramatized  in  1867  under  the  title 
of  Under  the  Earth  or  The  Sons  of  Tod. 
Bonnderby,  a  street  arab,  raised  himself 
to  banker  and  cotton  prince.  When  55 
years  of  age,  he  proposed  marriage  to 
Louisa,  daughter  of  Thomas  Gradgrind, 
Esq.,  J. P.,  and  was  accepted.  One  night, 
the  bank  was  robbed  of  £150,  and  Boun- 
derby  believed  Stephen  Blackpool  to  be 
the  &iief,  beomse  he  had  dismissed  him, 
being  obnoxious  to  the  mill  hands  ;  but 
the  culprit  was  Tom  Gradgrind,  the 
banker's  brother-in-law,  who  lay  perdu 
for  a  while,  and  then  escaped  out  of  the 
country.  In  the  dramatized  version,  the 
bank  was  not  robbed  at  all,  but  Tom 
merely  removed  the  money  to  another 
drawer  for  safe  custody. 

Hardcastle  {Squire),  a  jovial,  prosy, 
but  hospitable  country  gentleman  of  the 
old  school.  He  loves  to  tell  bis  long- 
winded  stories  about  prince  Eugene 
and  the  duke  of  Marlborough.  He  says, 
**  I  love  eveiy thing  that's  old  —  old 
friends,  old  times,  old  manners,  old 
books,  old  wine  "  (act  i.  1),  and  he  might 
have  added,  **  old  stories.** 

Mn.  Hardcastle,  a  very  "genteel** 
lady  indeed.  Mr.  Hardcastle  is  her 
second  husband,  and  Tony  Lumpkin  her 
son  by  her  former  husband.  She  is 
fond  of  "genteel**  society,  and  the  last 
fashions.  Mrs.  Hardcastle  says,  "There*s 
nothing  in  the  world  I  love  to  talk  of 
so  much  as  London  and  the  fashions, 
though  I  was  never  there  myself**  (act 
ii.  1).  Her  mistaking  her  husband  for  a 
highwayman,  and  imploring  him  on  her 
knees  to  take  their  watches,  money,  all 
tiiey  have  got,  but  to  spare  their  lives: 
"  Here,  goml  gentleman,  whet  your  rage 
upon  me«  take  my  money,  my  life,  but 


HARDIB. 


424 


HARMON. 


spare   mj  child!"   u    infinitely   comic 
(•ct  iv.  1). 

TIm  prlnoeM.  Mm  Mn.  HardoHUe,  vm Jottad  to  ftjaDy. 
— Lori  W.  P.  Launox,  CMtkHUm,  L  L 

Miss  Hardcastle,  the  pretty,  bright- 
eyed,  lively  dAOghter  of  squire  Hard- 
castle.  She  is  in  love  with  young 
Marlow,  and  ** stoops**  to  a  pardonable 
deceit  **  to  conouer  his  bashfulness  and 
win  him.— Goldsmith,  Shs  Stoops  to 
Conquer  (1778). 

Haar'dle  (ifr.),  a  yoong  lawyer,  in 
the  introduction  of  sir  W.  Scott's  Heart 
of  MUUothum  {ISiS). 

Hcurdotiin  (2  syl.),  Jean  Hardooin, 
fhe  Jesuit,  was  librarian  to  Louis  XIV. 
He  doubted  the  truth  of  all  received 
history ;  denied  that  the  ^n^id  was  tiie 
work  of  Virgil,  or  the  Odes  of  Horace 
the  production  of  that  poet ;  placed  no 
credence  in  medals  and  coins;  regarded 
all  councils  before  that  of  Trent  as 
chimerical ;  and  looked  on  all  Jansenists 
as  infidels  (1646-1729). 

Hardy  (ifr.),  fkther  of  Letitia.  A 
worthy  little  fellow  enough,  but  with  the 
unfortanate  gift  of  "foreseeing"  every •> 
thing  (act  v.  4). 

LeiUia  Hardy y  his  daughter,  the /anoA 
of  Dor'icourt.  A  girl  of  great  spirit  and 
ingenuity,  beautiful  and  clever.  Dori- 
court  dislikes  her  without  knowing  her, 
simply  because  he  has  been  betrothed  to 
her  by  his  parents  ;  but  she  wins  him  by 
stratagem.  She  first  assumes  the  airs 
and  manners  of  a  raw  country  hoyden, 
and  disgusts  the  fastidious  man  of 
fashion.  She  then  appears  at  a  masque- 
rade, and  wins  him  by  her  many  attrac- 
tions. The  marriage  is  performed  at 
midnight,  and,  till  we  ceremony  is  over, 
Doricourt  has  no  suspicion  that  the  fair 
masquerader  is  his  affiancedMiss  Hardy. 
— Mrs.  Cowley,  The  Bells' s  Stratagem 
(1780). 

Hare'dale  {Geoffrey),  brother  of 
Reuben  the  uncle  of  Emma  Haredale. 
He  was  a  papist,  and  incurred  tiie  malig- 
nant hatred  of  Gashford  (lord  Georire 
Gordon's  secretary)  by  exposing  him  in 
Westminster  HaU.  Geofi:'rey  Haredale 
killed  sir  John  Chester  in  a  duel,  but 
made  good  his  escape,  and  ended  his  days 
in  a  monastery. 

Heuben  Haredale  (2  syl.),  brother  of 
Geoffrey,  and  father  of  Emma  Haiedale. 
He  was  murdered. 

£mma  Haredale,  daughter  of  Reuben, 
and  niece  of   Geoffrey  with  whom  she 


lived  at  "The  Warren.**  Edward  Oiester 
entertained  a  tendre  for  Bmma  Haredale. 
— C.  Dickens,  Bamaby  Rwige  (1841). 


So  Har<M  I. 
swift  of  foot 


Harefoot  (Harold). 
was  called,  because  he 
as  a  hare  (1035-1040). 

Hargrave,  a  man  of  fashion.  Hie 
hero  and  title  of  a  novel  by  Mrs.  Trol- 
lope  (1843). 

Harle7,  "the  man  of  feeling.**  A 
man  of  the  finest  sensibilities  and  un- 
bounded benevolence,  but  bashful  as  a 
maiden. — ^Mackenzie,  The  Han  of  Feelmg 
(1771). 

TlM  principal  6bitet  at  MactaMie  la  ...  to  wadi 
and  lottaln  a  tone  of  moial  pathoa  by  repraMiiitim  tha 
aflbet  of  Inddanta  .  .  .  upoa  tita  huiaaa  bIwI.  .  .  . 
MpadaUjr  tiMMa  which  an  JmI.  hoaoiormbK  and  tolal* 
l%aQt.-eir  W.  Soott. 

Harlot  (The  Infamous  Northern), 
Elizabeth  Petrowna  empress  of  Russia 
(1709-1761). 

Harlowe  (Clarissa),  a  youn^  lady, 
who,  to  avoid  a  marriage  to  which  h^ 
heart  cannot  consent,  but  to  which  she 
is  urged  by  her  parents,  casts  herself  on 
the  protection  •  of  a  lover,  who  most 
scanoalousl^  abuses  the  confidence  le^ 
posed  in  him.  He  afterwards  propoaes 
marria^ ;  but  she  rejects  his  proposal, 
and  retires  to  a  solitary  dwelling,  where 
she  pines  to  death  with  grief  and  shame. 
— S.  Richardson,  The  History  of  Clarissa 
Harlowe  (1749). 


Tba  dignttgr  of  Glailma  andar  hm 
mlndi  us  of  tha  Huing  of  tba  andent  poat*  Uiat  a  food 
man  atrugglinf  with  tbe  Udeof  advcnitiraad  ■irwouaitina 
it.  Ii  a  iteht  upoa  whkh  tba  laimoital  godi  misbt  look 
dovn  wf Ui  plcaMira.— Sir  W.  Scott 

The  moral  eleratioo  of  thb  baraina,  the  saintly  parity 
whidi  riia  preserrca  amidst  scaaea  of  tha  daapast  da* 
prarlly  and  tlie  moat  aaductlva  caktjr.  and  tha  nev«r> 
mUIng  swaetneM  and  benarolanca  of  her  tampar,  rmdar 
Qarbaa  ona  of  the  brigbtaat  triumphs  of  tha  whole  sanaa 
of  JniaglnatiTalltaratMa.— Chamhan^  EmgHsk  LUtr9aut%t 
ILIO. 

Harl'weston  Fonntalnfl,  near  St. 
Keot's,  in  Huntingdon.  There  are  two, 
one  salt  and  the  other  fresh.  The  salt 
fountain  is  said  to  cure  dimness  of  si^t, 
and  the  sweet  fountain  to  cure  the  itch 
and  leprosy.  Drayton  tells  the  l^end 
of  these  two  fountains  at  the  beginning 
of  song  xxii.  of  his  Folyoibion  (1622). 

Harmon  (John),  alias  Jomr  Rokb- 
SMiTH,  Mr.  Bofiin's  secretory.  He  lod^^ 
with  the  Wilfers,  and  ultimately  marned 
Bella  Wilier.  He  is  described  as  "a 
dark  gentleman,  80  at  the  utmost,  with 
an  expressive,  one  might  say,  a  hand- 
some face.*'--C.  Dickens,  Our  Mutual 
Friend  (1864). 


HABHONIA'S  NECKLACE.         4S6 


HARPAQON. 


%*  For  expIamUkni  of  the  mysteiy, 
Tol.  I.  ii.  13. 


Harmo'iiia's  Necklace^  ui  un- 
lucky pcMsessioD,  something  which  brings 
evil  to  its  possessor.  Harmonia  was  the 
daughter  of  liars  and  Venus.  On  the 
day  cf  her  marriage  with  king  Cadmos, 
dw  received  a  necklace  made  oy  Vulcan 
for  Venus.  This  unlucky  ornament 
tfterwmrds  passed  to  Sem'eld,  then  to 
Jocasta,  then  Eriphy'lg,  but  was  equally 
fiuai  in  every  case.  (See  LucK.)^[)vid, 
Metaph.,  TV,  5;  Statins,  Thebaidj  ii. 

Harmonious  Blacksmith.  It  is 
nid  that  the  sound  of  hammers  on  an 
savil  suggested  to  Handel  the  **  theme  '* 
ti  the  mnacal  composition  to  which  he 
has  given  this  name. — See  Schoelcher, 
Life  <f  Haudei,  6&, 

A  nmUar  tale  is  told  of  Pythagoras. 


tt  voald  bepoallito  to 
aid  to  the  bavliis,  .  .  .  bm 
near  »  MiUir,  ami  waa  atnick  by  tha 
aa  tba  banuman  beat  out  a  plan  of 
.  .  .  He  iwognlaed  in  Umh  aoonds  ttM 
m  lUapanta,  and  the  dlateaaron  hannoajr. . . . 
teio  tlia  atttlv.  ha  iHacniiwrnl  that  tb»  dif- 
■uMJ  anaa  ftrom  the  diffaraot  Oam  of  tha 
Dot  frooD  the  «ilflieranoa  of  force  emplojred 
tm  ^nas  iha  Mrakae  oar  tat  ftvm  anr  dtShiaaee  in  tha 

it^  afika  hawianw. From  thb  hmt  he  coiietnicted 

hh  ai  miml  ■  lali  — laaaMfchw^  I4f*  ¥  Ppthmgorm,  anrL 

The  WMD»  tale  is  also  told  of  Tubal- 


toharatha 

id  aooide  of  nialadre  hr 

and  to  be  vml  them  moche  In  the 

bothevaa  not  fynder  gf  tha  Initni* 


(It  woold  be  more  to  the  point,  per- 
haps, if  the  tale  had  been  told  of  Jnbal, 
''the  fynder  of  certain  Instmmentes  of 
■wyke.") 

Harmony  (ifr.)*  •  general  peace- 
■aker.  When  he  found  persons  at 
variance,  be  went  to  them  separately, 
sad  told  them  how  highly  the  other 
spoke  and  thought  of  him  or  her.  If 
it  were  man  and  wife,  he  would  tell  the 
wife  how  highly  her  husband  esteemed 
her,  and  would  apply  the  "  oiled  feather" 
in  a  similar  way  to  the  husband.  "  We 
all  have  our  faults,**  he  would  say,  "and 
So-and>80  knows  it,  and  grieves  at  his 
infirmity  of  temper ;  but  though  he  con- 
tends with  yon,  ne  praised  you  to  me  this 
morning  in  the  highest  terms.**  By  this 
means  be  succeeded  in  smoothing  many 
a  raffled  mind. — Inchbald,  £001^  One  has 
Bis  Fault  (1794). 

Harness  Priae,  *  prize  competed 
for  tiienmaUy,  ob  some  Shakeapearian 
•abject.  The  prise  consists  of  three 
years'  aocnmulated  interest  of  £600.    It 


was  founded  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Harness,  and 
accepted  by  the  University  of  Cambridge. 
The  first  prize  was  awarded  in  1874. 

Harold  "the  Dauntless,**  son  of 
Witikind  the  Dane.  "He  was  rocked 
on  a  buckler,  and  fed  from  a  blade.** 
Harold  married  Eivir,  a  Danish  maid, 
who  had  waited  on  him  as  a  page. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Harold  the  Dauntless  (1817). 

Harold  (^Ckiide).  a  man  of  good  birth, 
lofty  bearing,  and  peerless  intellect,  who 
has  exhausted  by  dissipation  the  plea- 
sures of  youth,  and  travels.  Sir  Walter 
Scott  calls  him  "  lord  Byron  in  a  fancy 
dress."  In  canto  L  the  childe  visits 
Portugal  and  Spain  (1809)  ;  in  canto  n^ 
Turkey  in  Europe  (1810) ;  in  canto  iii., 
Belgium  and  Switzerland  (1816)  ;  in  canto 
iv.,  Venice,  Rome,  and  Florence  (1817). 

%*  Lord  Byron  was  only  21  when  he 
be^n  Childe  Harold^  and  28  when  he 
finished  it. 

Haroun-al-Baschid,  caliph,  of 
the  Abbasside  race,  contemporary  with 
Charlemagne,  and,  like  him,  a  patron  of 
literature  ana  the  arts.  The  court  of  this 
caliph  was  most  splendid,  and  under  him 
the  caliphate  attained  its  greatest  degree 
of  prosperity  (765-809). 

**♦  Many  of  the  tales  in  the  Arabian 
Nights  are  placed  in  the  caliphate  of 
Haroun-al-Raschid,  as  the  histories  of 
"Am'infi,** "  Sindbad  the  Sailor,**  "Aboul- 
hasson  and  Shemselnihar,"  "  Noureddin,** 
"  Codadad  and  his  Brothers,**  "  Sleeper 
Awakened,*'  and  "0>gia  Hassan.*'  In 
the  third  of  these  the  caliph  is  a  prin- 
cipal actor. 

Har'pagon,  the  miser,  father  of 
Cl^ante  (2  eylJ)  and  Elise  (2  syL),  Both 
Harpagon  and  his  son  desire  to  marry 
Manane  (S  syl,)  ;  but  the  father,  having 
lost  a  casket  of  money,  is  asked  which 
he  prefers — his  casket  or  Mariane,  and 
as  the  miser  prefers  the  money,  CMante 
marries  the  lady.  Harpagon  imagines 
that  everv  one  is  going  to  rob  him,  and 
when  he  loses  his  casket,  seizes  his  own 
arm  in  the  frenzy  of  passion.  He  pro- 
poses to  give  his  daughter  in  mamage 
to  an  old  man  named  Anselme,  because 
no  "dot**  will  be  required;  and  when 
Yal^re  (who  is  Elise's  lover)  urges  reason 
after  reason  against  the  unnatural  alli- 
ance, the  miser  makes  but  one  reply, 
"sans  dot.**  "Ah,**  says  Valfere,  "il 
est  vrai,  cela  ferme  la  bouche  k  tout, 
sans  dot"  Harpagon,  at  another  time, 
solicits  Jacques  (l  syl.)  to  tell  him  what 
folks  say  of   bim ;  and  when  Jacauei 


HARPAZ. 


426 


HARROWBT. 


replies  he  cmnnot  do  so,  as  it  would  make 
him  angry,  the  miser  answers,  **  Point 
de  tout,  au  contraire,  c*est  me  faire 
plaiser."  But  when  told  that  he  is  called 
a  miser  and  a  skinflint,  he  towers  with 
rage,  and  beats  Jacques  in  his  uncon- 
trolled passion. 

**  La  MigMar  BanMCon  «ti*  tooilMhnnukliM  rhomfttai 
k  moiM  huuMUn.  la  waarM  da  looa  ha  mortala  la  plaa  dar 
atlaplMaarr4"(U.f).  Jncqnaa  Mjra  to  him,  **  Jaanis  on 
na  pMla  da  ▼ooa  qua  sooa  laa  noni  d'avara,  ia  ladra.  da 
▼IfaUn.  at  da  faaw  Matthiw"  (UL  S).— MolMNb  L'Amr* 
(iaS7K 

Harpax*  centurion  of  the  "  Immortal 
Guard.*^ir  W.  Scott,  Qmnt  Sobert  of 
Paris  (time,  Rufus). 

Harpd  (2  8yl,)j  the  cotiass  with 
which  Mercury  killed  Argus,  and  with 
which  Perseus  (2  syL)  subsequently  cut 
off  the  head  of  Medusa. 

Harper,  a  familiar  spirit  of  medisval 
demonolog^. 

Harpar  eriai^  "  Tk  tfma. 'tb  tiM  t " 

ShakaqMara.  Macb^h,  act  It.  ae.  1  aSOS). 

^  JBEarpoo'rates  (4  sy/.),  the  god  of 
silence.  Cupid  bribed  him  with  a  rose 
not  to  divulge  the  amours  of  Venus. 
Harpocratcs  is  generally  represented  with 
his  second  finger  on  his  mouth. 

He  also  symbolized  the  sun  at  the  end 
of  winter,  and  is  represented  with  a 
cornucopia  in  one  hand  and  a  lotus  in 
the  other.  The  lotus  is  dedicated  to  the 
sun,  because  it  opens  at  sunrise  and 
closes  at  sunset. 

aA- 

Quiia 


I  awurtd  tof  taMnm  Am  aalght  Maka  hanrif 
mgf  on  Uiat  aoora  [Le.  n^f  makin§  mtmUon  </  \ 
UM  m«l  lor  I  «M  iba  Haipoentat  of  tnntF 
Lansa.  9U  mat,  Hr.  S  H7U). 

Harriet,  the  elder  daughter  of  sir 
Darid  and  lady  Dunder,  of  Dunder  Hall. 
She  was  in  love  with  Scruple,  whom  she 
accidentally  met  at  Calais;  but  her 
parents  arranged  that  she  should  marry 
lord  Snolts,  a  stumpy,  **  gummy  "  old 
nobleman  of  five  and  forty.  To  prevent 
this  hateful  marriage.  Harriet  consented 
to  elope  with  Scruple;  but  the  flight 
was  intercepted  by  sir  David,  who,  to 
prevent  a  scandal,  consented  to  the  mar- 
riage, sad  discovered  that  Scruple,  both 
in  family  and  fortune,  was  a  suitable 
son-in-law. — G.Colman,  WaytandMKuu 
(1788). 

Harriet  [Mowbray],  the  daughter 
of  colonel  Mowbra;^,  an  orfrfian  without 
fortune,  without  fnends,  without  a  pro- 
tector. She  nuirries  clandestinely  Charles 
Eustace. — J.  Poole,  The  Scapegoat, 

Harriot  [Russbt],  the  simple, 
onsophisticated  daughter  of  Mr.  Russet. 


She  loves  Mr.  Oaklv,  and  marries  him, 
but  becomes  a  **  jealous  wife,"  waU^iiii^ 
her  husband  like  a  lynx,  to  find  out  some 
proof  of  infidelity,  and  distorting  every 
casual  remark  as  evidence  thereof.  Her 
aunt,  lady  Freelove,  tries  to  make  her  * 
woman  of  fashion,  but  without  sooceas. 
Ultimately,  she  is  cured  of  her  idio«yn- 
crasy. — George  Colman,  TAtJealout  Wife 
(1761). 

Harris  (Mrs.)^  a  purely  imaginary 
character,  existing  only  in  the  brain  of 
Mrs.  Sanh  Gamp,  and  brought  forth  oo 
all  occasions  to  corroborate  ihe  opinions 
and  trumpet  the  praises  of  Mrs.  Gamp 
the  monthly  nurse. 

*"Mn.HarTla.'I«jpatobar.  .  .  .  'If  leoyiidtol  to 
bi7  oirt  att  air  Wlov-cfaatan  far  MCUnk.  I  ««dd  gtedir 
dok:  richUUia  loralbaafB'aM."*  Acala:  **WWtl^ 
aaldMn.Ganp."yoabasa  eraatnrl  Rata  I  Inov'd  Mra. 
Harrlt  Sra  and  thlft/  raar.  to  he  told  at  kit  ttet  Ibaa* 
an't  DO  riok  »  panon  Uvia't  Hava  I  atood  kar  friaMl  ta 
•0  bar  troublaH,  great  aad  anall.  for  It  ia  oooie  to  wkh  a 
aiMl  aa  thin  wtUi  Imt  owa  awaat  plctar  hanglBC  op  albra 
you  all  tfaa  timm,  to  iImbm  your  Bnclaa  vordat  Go  ainag 
wUb  you  I "— O.  DIekaM.  Mttrtin  ChunttmlU  ittL  (ISdSI. 

Mra.  HaiTii  la  tba  "  Mda.  BaMlloa ' 


*f*  Mrs.  Gamp  and  Mrs.  Harris  hare 
Parisian  sisters  in  Mde.  Pochet  and 
Mde.  Gibou,  by  Henri  Monnier. 

Barrii,    (See  SLAWUSir-BKBOiua.) 

Harrison  (Z>r.),  the  raodd  of 
benevolence,  who  nevertheless  takes  in 
execution  the  goods  and  person  of  bis 
£riend  Booth,  because  Booth,  while  plead- 
ing poverty,  was  buying  expenrive  and 
needless  jewellery.  —  Ifielding,  AmeUa 
(1761). 

Jfar'riaon  (Majcr-Oeneral)^  one  of  the 
parliamentary  commissioners. — iSir  W. 
Scott,  Woodstock  (time,  Commonwealth). 

Harrimm^  the  old  steward  of  ladv 
Bellenden,  of  the  Tower  of  TiUietodlem'. 
—Sir  W.  Scott,  (Hd  Mortality  (time, 
C3iaries  II.). 

Har'rowby  (Jo^),  of  Stocks  Green, 
a  homely,  kind-hearted,  honest  Kentish 
firmer,  with  whom  lieutenant  Worth- 
ington  and  his  daughter  Emily  take 
lodgings.  Though  most  desirous  of 
showing  his  lodger  kindness,  he  is  con- 
stantlv  wounding  his  snsceptibilitiea 
from  blunt  honesty  and  want  of  tact. 

Dame  Harrwoby^  wifo  id  ¥Mnaa  Har- 
rowby. 

Stephen  ffarrowfty,  son  of  Farmer 
Harrowby,  who  has  a  mania  for  soldier- 
ing, and  calls  himself  "a  perspiring 
young  hero." 

Mary  Harrowby^  daughter  of  Fanner 
Harrowby.-^.  Colman,  The  Poor  Ga^ 
tleman  (1802). 


HARRT. 


427 


HASSAN. 


(Sir),  the  lervant  of  a  baronet, 
vho  assumed  the  airs  and  title  of  his 
nasfcer,  and  was  addreesed  as  '*  Baronet," 
•r  "sir  Hanr.**  He  even  quotes  a  bit 
ef  Latin :  <*  O  tempora !  O  Moses  I  '*— 
BcT.  James  Townley,  Bigh  Life  Below 
*-  •     (1759). 


Barry  (Bliitd),  the  minstrel,  friend  of 
Heniy  Smith.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Fair  Maid 
of  Forik  (time,  Henry  lY.). 

(Thu  Great)  or  Bhuri  Grace  k 
man-of-war  built  in  the  reign  of 
VII.  ^ 

Ttmm0A  tbm  Quart  Bmrrp,  ctaak  aad  laB. 

Harry  Paddington,  a  highway- 
lan  in  die  gan^  of  captun  Macheath. 
Peachnm  calls  him  ''a  poor,  pett^-lar- 
ceny  lascal,  without  the  least  genius  ;  ** 
and  says,  '*  even  if  the  fellow  were  to  live 
six  montiis,  he  would  never  come  to  the 
allows  with  credii.**— (jay,  TAe  Beggar'e 
Optura  (1727). 

Hartlioiise  (2  jy/.)»  a  young  man 
vho  b^ins  life  as  a  comet  of  dragoons, 
but,  being  bored  with  everything,  coaches 
himself  up  in  statistics,  and  comes  to 
Cokctown  to  study  facts.  He  falls  in 
love  with  liOnisa  [nie  Gradgrind],  wife 
of  Jasiah  Bounderby,  banker  and  mill- 
owner,  but,  failing  to  induce  the  young 
wife  to  elope  with  him,  he  leaves  the 
~  Dickens,  Hard  Times  (1854). 


Hartley  {Adam),  afterwards  Dr. 
Hartley.  Apprentice  to  Dr.  Gray. — Sir 
W.  Soott,  The  awrgeon'e  Dmighter  (time, 
George  II.). 


..^M»»»w«^<M»  {Ladit)j  a  widow^  courted 
by  Fonntain,  Bellamore,  and  Harebrain. 
— Beanmoot  and  Fischer,  Wit  wUlumt 
(1639). 


Har&t  and  Mai^t,  two  angels 
!nt  by  Allah  to  adminster  justice  upon 
earth,  because  tiiere  was  no  righteous 
judgment  among  men.  They  acted  well 
till  Zoha'ra,  a  beautiful  woman,  applied 
to  them,  and  then  they  both  fell  in  love 
with  her.  She  asked  them  to  tell  her  the 
secrei  name  of  God,  and  immediately  she 
uttered  it,  she  was  borne  upwards  into 
heaven,  where  she  became  Hm  planet 
Tcnna.  As  for  the  two  angels,  they  were 
imprisoned  in  a  cave  near  Babylon. — 
Sale's  Aoraii,  ii. 


That  tvo  uBtemptfe4  tpirlta  dKNdd  dMssiid. 
HarAUi  and  M«rflUi  weoL 
IbqrMrirlMWd 


Th«  Appeali  of  Dwn  ...  At  Vngth, 
A  woimui  CUM  btton  Uieni ;  beaatiai 
Sohamwas.  ele. 

Soolhay.  Tmlmba  M«  Ihatfptr,  hr.  (OWT). 


.^^»»»«»u,  caliph  of  the  Ottoman 
empire,  noted  for  his  splendour  and  hos- 
pitality. In  his  seragho  was  a  beautiful 
young  sUve  named  Leila  (2  syl,),  who  had 
formed  an  attachment  to  "the  Giaour*' 
(2  eyl.),  Leila  is  |>nt  to  death  by  the 
emir,  and  Hassan  is  slain  near  mount 
Parnassus  by  the  giaour  [djow^^,^ 
Byron,  TAe  Giaour  (1313). 

Hasean,  the  story-teller,  in  the  retinue 
of  the  Arabian  physician.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
27te  Talisman  (tame,  Richanl  I.). 

Haeean  (Al),  the  Arabian  emir  of 
Persia,  father  of  Hinda.  He  won  the 
batUe  of  Cadessia,  and  thus  became 
master  of  Persia — ^T.  Moore,  Lalla 
Hookh  ("The  Fire-Worshippers,"  1817). 

Hassan,  sumamed  Al  Habbal  ("  the  rope- 
maker"),  and  subsequently  Cogia  ("  mer- 
chant"); his  full  name  was  then  Cogia 
Hassan  Alhabbal.  Two  friends,  named 
Saad  and  Saadi,  tried  an  experiment  on 
him.  Saadi  gave  him  200  pieces  of  gold, 
in  order  to  see  if  it  would  raise  him  from 
extreme  poverty  to  affluence.  Hassan 
took  ten  pieces  for  immediate  use,  and 
sewed  the  rest  in  his  turban  ;  but  a  kite 
pounced  on  his  turban  and  carried  it 
away.  The  two  friends,  after  a  time, 
visited  Hassan  again,  but  found  him  in 
the  same  state  of  poverty ;  and,  having 
heard  his  tale,  Sasdi  gave  him  another 
200  pieces  of  gold.  Again  he  took  out  ten 
piecesj  and,  wrapping  the  rest  in  a  linen 
rag,  hid  it  in  a  jar  of  bran.  While  Has- 
san was  at  work,  his  wife  exchanged  this 
jar  of  bran  for  fuller's  earth,  and  again 
the  condition  of  the  man  was  not  bettered 
by  the  gift.  Saad  now  gave  the  rope- 
maker  a  small  piece  of  lead,  and  this 
made  his  fortune  thus:  A  fisherman 
wanted  a  piece  of  lead  for  his  nets,  and 
promised  to  give  Hassan  for  Saad's  piece 
whatever  he  caught  in  his  first  draught. 
This  was  a  lai^ge  fish,  and  in  it  the  wife 
found  a  splendid  diamoAd,  which  was  sold 
for  100,000  pieces  of  gold.  Hassan  now 
be<^me  very  rich,  and  when  the  two  friends 
visited  him  again,  they  found  him  a  man 
of  consequence.  H^  asked  them  to  stay 
with  him,  and  took  them  to  his  country 
house,  when  one  of  his  sons  showed  him 
a  curious  nest,  made  out  of  a  turban. 
This  was  the  very  turban  which  the  kite 
had  carried  off,  and  the  money  was  found 
in  the  lining.    As  they  returned  to  the 


HASSAN. 


426 


HATTERAICK. 


city,  thev  stopped  and  purchased  a  jar  of 
bran,  'this  happened  to  be  the  very  jar 
which  the  wife  nad  ^ven  in  exchange, 
and  the  money  was  discovered  wrapped 
in  linen  at  the  bottom.  Hassan  waa 
delighted,  and  gave  the  180  pieces  to  the 
poor,— Arabian  Nights  (^^CogiA  Hassan 
Alhabbal''). 

Hassan  (Ahou)j  the  soti  of  a  rich  mer- 
chant of  Bagdad,  and  the  hero  of  the  tale 
called  "The  Sleeper  Awakened  "  (g.«.).— 
ArcAian  Nights, 

Hassan  A^a,  an  infamous  renegade, 
who  reigned  m  Algiers,  and  was  the 
sovereign  there  when  Cervantes  (author 
of  Don  QtUxote)  was  taken  captive  by  a 
Barbary  corsair  in  1574.  Subsequently, 
Hassan  bought  the  captive  for  500  ducats, 
and  he  remained  a  slave  till  he  waa  re- 
deemed by  a  friar  for  1000  ducats. 

'Bvenr  d»j  thb  Ha—n  Aga  was  hanging  one.  tanpanng 
aiioUi«r,  coUlng  off  Um  aan  or  breaking  the  Unibt  oC  a 
third ...  out  of  nwra  vantoniMaa.— Oervantaa  (160S). 


Hassan  ben  Sabah,  the  old  man 

of  the  mountain,  foimder  of   the  sect 
called  the  Assassins. 

Dr.  Adam  Clark  has  supplemented 
Rymer*s  Fcsdera  with  two  letters  by  this 
sheik.  This  is  not  the  place  to  point  out 
the  want  of  judgment  m  these  addenda. 

Hastle  (Hobin),  the  smuggler  and 
publican  at  Annan. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Med- 
gauntlet  (time,  George  III.). 

Hastings,  the  friend  of  yomig 
Marlow,  who  entered  with  him  the  house 
of  squire  Hardcastle,  which  they  mistook 
for  an  inn.  Here  the  two  ^ounfl;  mea 
met  Miss  Hardcastle  and  Miss  Neville. 
Mariow  became  the  husband  of  the 
former,  and  Hastings,  by  tiic  aid  of  Tony 
Lumpkin,  won  the  latter.— 0.  Goldsmith, 
She  Stoops  to  Ctfnquer  (1778). 

Hastings^  one  of  the  court  of  king 
Edward  IV.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Anm  Sf 
Oeierstein  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Haswell,  the  benevolent  physician 
who  visited  the  Indian  prisons,  and  for 
his  moderation,  |>enevolencej  and  judg- 
ment, received  the  sultan's  signet,  whidi 
gave  him  unlimited  power. — Mrs.  Inch- 
aid,  Such  Things  Are  (1786). 

Hat  {A  White)  used  to  be  a  mark  of 
radical  proclivities,  because  orator  Hunt, 
the  grdkt  demagogue,  used  to  wear  a 
white  hat  during  the  Wellington  and 
Peel  administration 

Hat  'vrom  in  the  Boyal  Pre- 
sence.    Lord    Kingsale   acquiied    the 


right  of  wearing  his  hat  in  the  presence 
of  royalty  by  a  grant  from  king  John. 
Lord  Forester  is  possessed  of  the  same 
right,  from  a  grant  confirmed  by  Heniy 
VIII. 

Hats  and  Caps,  two  political 
factions  of  Sweden  in  the  eighteenth 
century.  The  **  Hats  *"  were  partisans  in 
the  French  interest,  and  were  so  called 
because  they  wore  French  okapeettufm 
The  **  Caps "  were  partizans  in  the 
Russian  interest,  and  were  so  called  be- 
cause they  wore  the  Russian  caps  as  a 
badge  of  their  party. 

Hatchway  {Lieutenant  Jack),  a 
retired  naval  officer  on  half-pay,  living 
with  commodore  Trunnion  as  a  com- 
panion.—Smollett,  The  Adventures  of 
Peregrine  Pickle  (1751). 

Who  can  road  ttie  ralamltlw  of  Thmakm  and  Hatcb* 
vay.  vhen  ran  avajr  vttb  bjr  Oialr  mettled  •t»«<b  .  .  . 
wltboala  sood  haartjr  buntaf  hoo«t  laaghtarf— 8lr  W. 

Hatef  (i.e,  the  deadly),  one  of  Ma- 
homet's swords,  oonfisca^ied  from  the 
Jews  when  tiiey  were  exiled  from 
Medi'- 


Hater.  Br.  Johnsoa  said,  "Sir,  I 
like  a  good  hater.**  This  is  not  alto* 
gether  out  of  character  with  the  words  : 
"  Thou  art  neither  cold  nor  hot :  I  would 
thou  wert  cold  or  hot**  (Beo,  ilL  16). 
(See  Candid  Friend.) 

Rough  JohMon,  tho  treat  momWit.  iifaftiii 
Bight  honeolr  ha  "  lUMd  an  honvt  haiar." 

Hatim  {Oenerous  as),  an  Arabiaa 
expression.  Hatim  was  a  Bedouin  chief, 
^mous  for  his  warlike  deeds  and  bound- 
less generosity.  His  son  was  oonfeem- 
porary  with  Mahomet  the  prophet. 

Hatter.  Mad  as  a  hatter,  or  mad 
as  a  viper.  Atter  is  Anglo-Saxon  for 
"adder  or  "viper,"  so  odled  from  its 
venomous  character;  dter,  "poison;** 
atter-drink  or  dttor-drink,  "  a  poisonous 
drink;**  dttor4\c,  "snake-like.^ 

Hatteraick  {I>irk),  alias  Jans  Jau- 
SON,  a  Dutch  smn^ler-captain,  and 
accomplice  of  lawyer  Glossin  in  kid- 
napping Henry  Bertrand.  Meg  Merrities 
conducts  young  Hazlewood  and  others  to 
the  smuggler's  cave,  when  Hatteraick 
shoots  her,  is  seized,  and  imprisoned. 
Lawyer  Glossin  visits  the  villain  in 
prison,  when  a  quarrel  ensues,  in  whi^ 
Hatteraick  strangles  the  lawyer,  and  then 
hangs  himself.— Sir  W.  Soott,  Guy  Man- 
nerina  ftime.  Georee  II. >• 


Hfttto,  aicbbidii^   nt    M«bU,    wm 


nidit  at  the  Khine,  uu  (tie  town  of 
K^fn.  Some  My  ha  mi  taleo  of  nta, 
ud  Sontbey,  in  his  bklUd  called  <?«f  j 
^niijmflil  «■  a  Wicked  BiMkop,  Lu 
■doptod  Ika  Utter  tndition. 


II  CkmbiHuii,  Id  his  /tm#- 
fwy,  xi.  2,  nji :  "  the  higer  aoit  of 
■ice  mn  called  nCi."  ThiH  me;  »ee<nuit 
lor  tbe  ■ubMitotion  of  iM>  for  auee  in 
thelegnd. 

Tbit  tegmd  of  HiUa  i*  veiy  common, 
H  tbt  foflowiog  itoiiei  will  iirove ; — 


gMBd    t 

BUne. 

Bukop  Adtdff  trt  CologDCi  wv  dctronjed 
bj  ake  oi  nts  in  1111. 

/rnlurT  fwi  Oittimjm  collected  the 
paoc  in  ■  |;t«U  bun,  uid  btinit  them  to 
Methi  Bockioff  tbcir  criei  of  Kgony, 
He,  like  Hetto,  wu  inveded  by  mice, 
—  '}  hii  cutlc  of  GDUiiq;ea,  n  the 
~    ~  e,  whither  the  lermin 

1   Ue  him  alive.     The 
'■  the  cutle  unk 


nuvncd  t 
Bviia  legi 


•hid)  wuHooeburg, 

Ommi  Qraaf,  in  order  to  mrfch  him- 
Mlf,  boB^t  up  all  the  coin.  One  year 
a  Bid  bmiDe  pnrailed,  and  the  eoaat 
expected  to  nap  a  rich  harrest  by  bis 
^■cenlation  ;  bnt  an  anny  of  rata.  pmBcd 
bvhimgcT,  invaded  bin  baniB,  and,  iwarm- 
inz  into  hii  Rhine  tower,  fell  on  the 
id4  bana,  waniedbimto  dntti,  and  then 
d  him.^ZwnKfi  of  Ike  Rhmt. 

(Bohn'i 

of  the  legcndj  ttate  that  the 


HalmalKuy, 
■lit.). 


he  legcndj  i 
id  people." 


,__        Chritiopfier),     "  tint 

ebanceUor."     He  Bnt  aUiutcd 
EUtabeth  by  his 


HATISHAM. 

Bade  by  bn  chuccUor  and  hnif^t  et 
the  Garter. 

*f*  11.  de  laDmn,  the  hvoDril*  of 
Loou  XIT.,  owed  his  fartnne  alio  to  the 
manner  ia  which  be  daand  in  Un  king's 
qnadrilla. 


HaatlieTi  (5i>  Artmrn  de),  in  the 
intnidDction  of  lir  W.  Scott'g  Comt 
Scbert  of  Parii  (time,  RnfuB). 

Bmdlim  {The  ladi/  Margartt  de),  flnt 
diagnifled  aa  aiatcr  l]ranla,  and  afterwards 
affiaOQed  to  air  Halcolm  yieniinff.— Sir 
itt,  CoMe  Dangenmt  (dme,  Hea 


I.). 


u  (dme,  Hear/ 


kbegn  king  of  II 
Liwaed  at  sea  thiou^  the 
treaebcry  of  his  gaardiana.  The  raft 
drifted  to  the  coaat  of  Lincolnshin, 
vtwre  it  was  discovered  by  Grim,  a  fisbtr- 
V ^  ..._  yoonB  fonndlingaa 


hi> 


?nty  yean  later  certain  Engliih  noble* 
UBUzped  the  dominioDa  of  an  Eoglish 
princess,  and,  to  prevent  her  nioin);  any 
acceia  of  power  by  a  noble  alliance, 
resolved    to    marry   her  to   •    ' 


YOUD 


Havelok    was     selected    ai    the 


idegroom,  Imt  having  diacovered  the 
■tory  of  his  birth,  he  applied  to  his 
father  Birkat)^^  for  aid  in  recovering 
bis  wife's  posseuiooB.  The  kioK  aSorded 
him  the  aid  required,  and  the  yoan^ 
foundling  became  in  due  time  both  kina 
of  Denmark  and  king  of  that  part  of 
England  which  belonged  to  him  in  right 
of  his  wife. — Hmtioo  tht  Dam  (by  the 

HaTlBham  {Mat),  an  old  s^nster, 

who  dressed  alwayi  in  her  bridal  dnaa, 
with  lace  veil  from  head  to  toot,  whit* 
■boee,  bridal  fiowen  In  her  white  hair, 
and  jewels  on  her  hands  and  neck. 
She  was  the  danghter  of  a  rich  brewer, 
engaged  to  Compeyson,  a  yonng  man,  who 

from  which  moment  she  b«ame  foasiliaed 
(cb.  xxii.).  She  fell  into  the  file,  and 
died  from  the  shock. 

Eiteila  Havuhant,  the  adopted  child  o' 
Hisa  HaviBham,bywbom  she  was  broa^li 
up.  She  waa  proud,  handaome,  and  lelf 
possessed.  Fip  loveij  ber,  and  prubsbl.i 
she  reciprocated  hii  love,  but  shentarrie* 
Bentley  Drummle,  who  died,  leavini 
EsteUa  ■  young  widow.  The  tale  aa 
with  these  words : 


HAVRE. 


480 


U£AItT  OF  MIBLOTHIAN. 


UHplfodkhmhatAim 
nriiwdpMM.    A« Um DiorBlng 
I  int  Mt  tlie  forg*.  to  the  evmlng 
.  .  .  IiBV  DO  ibadoir  of  tmenhar 

nam. 


WHorUng  Dov;  ani 


Havre,  in  Fnnee,  is  a  contnetioo  of 
Le  hamre  ae  noire  dame  de  Oraoe» 

Haw'cabite  (8  jy/.),  a  itreet  bully. 
After  the  Rentonitioii,  we  had  a  raeoeMion 
of  these  disturbers  of  the  peace:  first 
came  the  Muns,  then  followea  the  Tityre 
Tub,  the  Hectors,  the  Scourers,  the 
Nickers,  the  Hawcabites,  and  after  Uiem 
the  Mohawks,  the  most  dreaded  of  all. 


rir  MM. 


(Sir  MvRferry),  the 
leader  of  loid  Frederick  Verisopht.  He 
is  a  most  unprincipled  rcm^  who  sponjges 
on  his  lordship,  snubs  him,  and  despises 
him.  **  Sir  Mulberry  was  remarkable  for 
his  tact  in  mining  young  gentlemen  of 
fortune." 

WIthd  tho  baMMH  or  M  orlfhMl  gBoii 
kOTqr  kad  itraok  out  M  •ntfiolr  BOW  eoone  of 
qullo  opraed  to  tks  uhmJ  mothod,  hb  cwtoai  Mng 
to  koep  down  Ukm  ke  took  In  hand,  and  to  ^ve  Umoi 
tkHr  own  wajr.  .  .  .  TImh  bo  aado  tliani  Ma  bntts  In  a 
Amble  aanM.  for  ho  omptied  dMOk  with  food  addiMii,  and 
nado  tttOM  tho  taaghinc -itocks  of  ■odaly.— a  Dkk«UL 
jridtoia*  JTioftMy.  itaL  (ISM). 

To  know  a  hawk  from  a  harndtaw,  a 
corruption  of  **from  a  hemshaw"  (i.e. 
a  heroH)y  meaning  that  one  is  so  ignorant 
he  does  not  know  a  hawk  from  a  heron, 
the  bird  of  prey  from  the  game  flown  at. 
The  Lrfitin  proverb  is,  Ignorat  quid  distent 
tera  iupinu  (**  be  does  not  know  sterling 
money  from  counters  '*).  Counters  used 
in  games  were  by  the  Romans  called 
•*  lupins." 

Hawkins,  boatswain  of  the  pirate 
vessel.— Sir  W,  Scott,  The  Pirate  (time, 
WillUm  III.). 

Hawthorn,  a  jolly,  generous  old 
fellow,  of  jovial  spirit,  and  ready  to  do 
any  one  a  kindness ;  consequently,  every- 
body loves  him.  He  is  one  of  those  rare, 
unselfish  beings,  who  '*  loves  his  nei^- 
bour  better  than  himself." — ^I.  Bickerstaff, 
Love  m  a  Village. 


I>iiinain[176»-18Vlbia«chvartiM"nawtlM»a.-    _ 
npcrior  to  every  actor  dnce  the  da|«  of  BeanL—ZNefiew. 

Hay  (Colonel),  in  the  king's  army. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Legend  of  Montrose  (time, 
Charles  I.). 

Hay  (John),  fisherman  near  Ellan- 
gowan.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Qny  Mannering 
(time,  Geoige  II.). 

Haydn  could  never  compose  a  single 
bar  of  music  unless  he  could  see  on  his 
finger  the  diamond  ring  given  him  by 
Frederick  II. 


HajBton  (fhmk),  lalid  of  BncUaw 
and  aftennuds  of  Gimington.  In  order 
to  retrieve  a  broken  fortune,  a  marriage 
was  arranged  between  Havston  and  Lucy 
Ashton.  uicy,  being  told  that  her  pliriitcd 
lover  (Bdffar  master  of  Ravenswood)  was 
unfaithful  assented  to  the  family  arrange- 
ment, but  stabbed  her  husband  on  tiie 
wedding  night,  went  mad,  and  died. 
Frank  Uayrton  recovered  from  his  wound 
and  went  abroad.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Bride 
of  Lammermoor  (time,  William  III.). 

*«*  In  Donixetti's  opera,  Haystoo  is 
ealled  **  Arturio." 

Haslewood  (Sr  JUbert),  tlia  old 
baronet  of  Hasdewood. 

Charlet  Mazlewood,  son  of  sir  Robert. 
In  love  with  Luev  Bertnun,  whom  ka 
marries.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Guy  Mannerimg 
(time,  George  II.). 

Head'rigff  {Cuddk),  a  plondiraan  in 
lady  Bellenden's  service.  (Cuddier= 
Cuthbert)— Sir  W.  Scott,  (Hd  Mortaliip 
(time,  Qiaries  II.). 

Headstone  (i?nidfoy),  a  sehcM^- 
master,  of  very  determmate  character 
and  violent  passion.  He  loves  Liasie 
Hexam  with  an  irresistible  mad  love, 
and  tries  to  kill  Eugene  Wraybam  out 
of  jealousy.  Graf^ling  wiUi  Rogne 
Rid«rhood  on  Plashwater  Bridge,  Rider- 
hood  fell  backwards  into  the  smooth  pit, 
and  Headstone  over  him.  Both  of  them 
perished  in  the  grasp  of  a  death-strqggle. 
-€.  Dickens,  Qur  Mutual  JMend  (lIS*). 

Heart  of  England  (TV),  War- 
wickshire, the  middle  county. 

Tlwt  diiio  which  «o  "  The  Heart  of  Enshad"  cril 
Dnvton.  AtyeTNoM.  tUL  (Mia. 

Heart  of  Midlothian,  the  old  jail 
or  tolbootii  of  Edinburgh,  taken  down  in 
1817. 

Sir  Walter  Scott  has  a  novel  so  called 
(1818),  the  plot  of  which  is  as  follows : — 
EfBe  Deans,  the  daughter  of  a  Scotch 
cow-feeder,  is  seduced  by  George  Staun- 
ton, son  of  the  rector  of  WiUingham  ; 
and  Jeanie  is  cited  as  a  witness  on  the 
trial  which  ensues,  by  which  Effie  is 
sentenced  to  death  for  child  murder. 
Jeanie  promises  to  go  to  London  and  ask 
the  king  to  pardon  her  half-sister,  and, 
after  various  perils,  arrives  at  her  desti- 
nation. She  lays  her  case  before  the  duke 
of  Argyll,  who  takes  her  in  his  carriage  to 
Richmond,  and  obtains  for  her  an  inter- 
view with  the  oueen,  who  promises  to 
intercede  with  his  majesty  ((Seorge  11.) 
on  her  sister's  behalf.    In  due  time  the 


HSARTALL. 


481 


HECTORS. 


mjwl  pudon  is  sent  to  Edinlnirgli,  £ffi« 
u  nleftscd,  and  marries  her  sedueer,  now 
mr  George  Staunton ;  but  toon  after  the 
■aiTiage  sir  George  is  shot  by  a  gipsy 
hoy,  who  is  in  reality  his  illegiumate 
•ea.  On  the  death  of  her  husband,  lady 
Stamton  retires  to  a  convent  on  the  Con- 
tincBt.  Jeanie  marries  Reuben  Bntler 
the  piesbirterian  minister.  The  novel 
with  the  Porteons  riots. 


Heartall  (Gmemor),  an  old  bachelor, 
peppeiy  in  temper,  but  with  a  generous 
heart  and  unbounded  benevolence.  He 
is  as  simple-minded  as  a  child,  and  loves 
his  yonng  nephew  almost  to  adoration. 

Pramk  Heartail,  the  governor's  nephew ; 
impulsive,  free-handed,  and  free-hearted, 
benevolent  and  fnmk.  He  falls  in  love 
with  the  Widow  Cheerly,  the  daughter  of 
eoloncl  Woodley,  whom  he  sees  first  at 
titt  open.  Ferret,  a  calumniating  rascal, 
toss  to  do  mischief,  but  is  utteriy  foiled. 
-Cheny,  Thg  SokUer'a  DoMghter  (1804). 

Heartfk'ee  {Jack)^  a  raQer  against 
vemcB  and  against  marriage.  He  falls 
hsif  in  love  with  lady  Fanciful,  on  whom 
he  laila,  and  marries  Belinda. — ^Yan- 
bf^gb,  Tkt  Pntvoked  Wife  (1693). 

HaartwoU,  a  friend  of  Modely\ 
who  fidls  in  love  wiUi  Flora,  a  niece  of 
«U  Farmer  Freehold.  Th^  marry,  and 
are  hsopy.— John  Philip  Kemble,  The 
Farm-htmae* 

Hetttherblntter  (/oAii),  gamekeeper 
•f  the  baron  of  Bradwardine  (3  syL)  at 
TuBy  Veolan.— Sir  W.  Soot^  Waverieu 
(time,  George  II.). 


HiaaVBli,  according  to  Dant^  begins 

from  tike  top  of  the  mountain  Purgatory, 

sad  rises  upwards   through   the   seven 

ptanctaiy  spheres,  the  sphere  of  the  fixed 

•tan,  the  pvimum  mobiiS,  and  terminates 

vitfa  the  empyrCum,  which  is  the  seat  of 

God.   (See  Parai^ibwA  Milton  preserves 

the  same  divisions.    Ue  ea^s,  *  *  they  who 

to  be  sure  of  paradise  dymg  put  on  the 

garbef  monks:" 

--  -  —  th«»kBrtifwi.Mid»— aw^flu^* 
I  •pban  whoM  balMce  wdfiM 


«b0r  Bfl  their  CMt.  wbon  l»I 
m  tlMai  ...  Aviy 

He&wen-fient  Miniater  (The). 
William  HU  (1759-1806). 

Hebe  (2  jy/.),  goddess  of  youth,  and 
cap-bearer  m  the  immortals  before 
Ganymede  superseded  her.    She  was  the 


wife  of  Hercul^,  and  had  the  power  of 
making  the  aged  young  again.  (See 
Plousina.) 


Hebte  SM  ttey  to 


Heb'ron.  in  the  first  part  of  Abgalom 
and  Achitophelf  by  Drydcn,  stands  for 
Holland;  but  in  the  second  part,  by 
Tate,  it  stands  fdr  Scotland.  Hebronite 
similarlv  means  in  one  case  a  HoUander, 
and  in  the  other  a  Scotchman. 

Hec'ate  (2  syL),  called  in  classic 
mythology  He<f,a,U  (3  syU) ;  a  triple 
deity,  bemg  Lvma  in  heaven,  Dian'a  on 
earth,  and  Proserpine  (8  «y/.)  in  hell. 
Hecate  presided  over  magic  and  enchant- 
ments, and  was  generally  represented  as 
having  the  head  of  a  horse,  dog,  or  boar, 
thou^  sometimes  she  is  represented  with 
three  bodies,  and  three  heads  looking 
differmt  ways.  Shakespeare  introdnces 
her  in  his  tragedy  of  Macbeth  (act  iii. 
sc.  6),  as  queen  of  the  witches ;  bat  the 
witches  of  Macbeth  have  been  largely 
borrowed  from  a  drama  called  The  TVOcA, 
by  Thom.  Middleton  (died  1626).  The 
following  is  a  specimen  of  this  indebted- 
ness:— 

JTmm.  Bhek  iplrita  and  vMta,  nd  nMto  wMl  gny. 

M  irftdk  tfrra's  Um  bkwd  ^ SuL        -«^"W"» 
U«tau.  Put  In  UmU.  oh  pot  in  ttMt 
tHd  WUdk.  Utn'u  Ubtanfa  Imum^ 
Bteau.  Put  in  again,  ale.,  «tc: 

MUdtotoa.  r»a  iritWk 
And  foader  pale-faeed  Haeate  thera^  tha  moam, 
JkMh  ffve  CDHMiit  to  that  b  dona  in  darknaai. 

IboBL  Kjrd.  Tht  Sptmitk  rrugtdg  (ISTX 

fiectory  one  of  the  sons  of  Priam 
king  of  Troy.  This  bravest  and  ablest 
of  all  the  Trojan  chiefs  was  generalissimo 
of  the  allied  armies,  and  was  slain  in  the 
last  year  of  the  war  by  Achillas,  who, 
with  barbarous  fury,  dragged  Uie  dead 
body  insnltinglv  thnce  round  the  tomb  of 
Patroclos  and  the  walls  of  the  beleagured 
city.— Homer,  Miad, 


Hector  de  Mares  (1  $yU  or 
Marys,  a  knight  of  the  Round  Table, 
brother  of  sir  Lanncelot  du  Lac. 

lb*  sntla  Cfaiw  'aln'a  eomaow  lota^ 
Bector  da  Marat,  and  Pellfaioi*. 
■r  W.  Soott,  Bridal ^ T%\n  m*Uk,  fL  IS (Umi 

Hector  of  Qermany,  Joachim  II. 
elector  of  Brandenburg  (1514-1571). 

Hector  of  the  Mist,  an  ontUtw, 
kiUed  by  Allan  M'Aulay.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Legend  of  Mantroae  (time,  Charles  I.). 

Hectors,  street  bullies.  Since  the 
Kestoration,  we  have  had  a  succession  of 
street  brawlers,  as  the  Muns,  the  Tityie 


H££LTAP. 


482 


HELEN. 


Tai.  the  Hectors,  the  Scourers,  the 
KicKers,  the  Hawcabitcs,  and,  lastly,  the 
Mohawks,  worst  of  them  all. 

Heeltap  (OHspm)^  a  cobbler,  and 
one  of  the  corporation  of  Garratt,  of 
which  Jerry  Sneak  is  chosen  mavor. — 
8.  Foote,  Tha  Mayor  of  Oarratt  (1763). 

Heep  {UrCah)i  a  detestable  tneak, 
who  is  everlasting^ly'forcinff  on  one*s 
attention  that  he  is  so  ^unw€»  Uriah 
U  Mr.  Wickfleld's  clerk,  and,  with  aU 
his  ostentatious  'nmility,  is  most  design- 
ing, malignant,  and  intermeddling.  His 
infamy  is  dragged  to  light  by  Mr. 
Micawber. 

"  I  am  veO  avmn  that  I  am  the  *amblcrt  person  going, 
h«  tiM  oUmt  be  who  b*  may.  Uy  motlMr  k  likeviM  a 
vorjr  'umbto  penon.  We  live  In  a  n'omblc  abnlc.  Mailer 
CopperlMd.  but  bave  much  to  be  thankful  for.  Iff 
latiier'a  fonner  calling  wm  'umhla— he  wae  a  •ntoo.*'— 
C.  IHdieai,  LmtU  OtfiimMK  xvL  (1S40). 

Heidelberg  {Mrs,)^  the  widow  of  a 
wealtliy  Dutch  merchant,  who  kept  her 
brother's  house  (Mr.  Sterling,  a  CSty 
merchant).  She  was  very  vulgar,  and, 
**  knowing  the  strength  of  her  purse, 
domineers  on  tiie  credit  of  it.**  Mrs. 
Heidelberg  had  most  exalted  notions 
''of  the  qualaty,**  and  a  "perfect  con- 
tempt for  everything  that  did  not  smack 
of  hi^  life.**  Her  English  was  certainly 
faulty,  as  the  following  specimens  will 
show  '.-—farden^  umigar,  spurrit^  pertest^ 
Sunahf  kiverSy  purliteness.  etc.  She 
spoke  of  a  ptctvr  by  Raphael- AngelOy  a 
pH'shay^dUah'^iUe^parfei  na£«ra/9[idiots] , 
most  genteelest,  ana  so  on.  When 
thwarted  in  her  overbearing  ways,  she 
threatened  to  leave  the  house  and  go  to 
Holland  to  live  with  her  husband's 
cousin,  Mr.  Yandersprocken. — Colman 
and  Crarrick,  The  Ciandestme  Marriage 
(1766). 

Heimdall  (2  s^/.),  in  Celtic  myo- 
logy, was  the  son  of  nine  virgin  sisters. 
He  dwelt  in  the  celestial  fort  Himins- 
biorg,  under  the  extremity  of  the  rain- 
bow. His  ear  was  so  acute  that  he  could 
hear  '*  the  wool  grow  on  the  sheep's 
back,  and  the  grass  in  tiie  meadows.** 
Heimdall  was  the  watch  or  sentinel  of 
Asgard  {Olympus)^  and  even  in  his  sleep 
was  able  tu  see  everything  that  tran- 
spired.   (See  Fink- BAB,  p.  833.) 

IJeimdalCs  Horn,  At  the  end  of  the 
world,  Heimdall  will  wake  tiie  gods  with 
his  horn,  when  they  will  be  attacked  by 
Muspell,  Loki,  the  wolf  Fenris,  and  the 
serpent  Jormunsgandar. 

And  much  be  talked  of  .  .  . 
AndHeliadar«koniandthedafor4oaai. 
I««gWlov.  The  Wa9$idt  Itm  (Intertnd^  JM^ 


Heimicll  (Poor),  or  '*  Poor  Henry," 
the  hero  and  title  of  a  poem  by  Hart- 
mann  von  der  Aue  [Our],  Heinrieh 
was  a  rich  nobleman,  struck  with  lepro^t 
and  was  told  he  would  never  recover  tili 
some  virgin  of  spotless  parity  volun- 
teered to  die  on  his  behalf.  As  Heiniich 
neither  hoped  nor  even  wished  for  such 
a  sacrifice,  he  gave  the  main  part  of  bia 
possessions  to  the  poor,  and  went  to  lira 
with  a  poor  tenant  farmer,  who  waa  one 
of  his  vassals.  The  dat4;fater  of  this 
fiumer  heard  by  accident  on  what  the 
cure  of  the  leper  depended,  and  went  to  ; 
Salerno  to  offer  herself  as  the  victiTn. 
No  sooner  was  the  offer  made  than  the 
lord  was  cured,  and  the  damsel  became 
his  wif^  (twelfth  century). 

*^*  This   tale   forms   the  subject  of 
Longfellow's  Golden  Legend  (1851). 

Heir-at-Iiai^.  Baron  Duberlybein^ 
dead,  his  **  heic-at-law  '*  was  Henry  Mor- 
land,  supposed  to  be  drowned  at  sea,  and 
the  next  heir  was  Daniel  Dowlas,  a 
chandler  of  Gosport.  Scarcely  had 
Daniel  been  raised  to  his  new  dignity, 
when  Henry  Morland,  who  had  heea 
cast  on  Cape  Breton,  made  his  appear- 
ance, and  the  whole  aspect  of  affiurs  was 
changed.  That  Dowlas  might  still  live 
in  comfort,  suitable  to  his  limited  am- 
bition, the  heir  of  the  barony  settled  oa 
him  a  small  life  annuity. — G.  Colman, 
Beir-<U-Law  (1797). 

Hel'a,  aueen  of  the  dead.  She  is 
daughter  ot  Loki  and  Angarbo'da  (a 
giantess).  Her  abode,  called  Helhein, 
was  a  vast  castle  in  Nifiheim,  in  the  midst 
of  eternal  snow  and  darkness. 


,  Down  tbe  Twrning  ilev  ha  rode^ 
That  laadf  to  Hela^  drear  abode. 

Helen,  wife  of  Menelfios  of  Sparta. 
She  eloped  with  Paris,  a  Trojan  prince, 
while  he  was  the  guest  of  the  spartan 
king.  Menelaos,  to  avenge  this  wrong, 
induced  the  allied  armies  of  Greece  to 
invest  Troy;  and  after  a  siege  of  ten. 
years,  the  city  was  taken  and  burnt  to' 
the  ground. 

*0*  A  Murallel  incident  occurred  in 
Ireland.  Dervorghal,  wife  of  Ticman 
O'Ruark,  an  Iriw  chief  who  held  the 
county  of  Leitrim,  eloped  with  Dermod 
M'Murchad  prince  of  Leinster.  Dermod 
induced  O'Connor  king  of  Connaught  to 
avenge  this  wrong.  So  O'Connor  drove 
Dermod  from  his  throne.  Dermod  ap- 
plied to  Henry  II.  of  England,  and  thia 
was  the  incident  which  brought  about  tho 


HELEN. 


438 


HELENA. 


conquest  of  IreUnd  (1172).— Leland,  His- 
iory  of  Irtlamd  {177S). 

Beten,  the  heroine    of   Miss    Edge- 
woith*0  iKnrel  of  the  same  imme.    This 
her  last  and  moet  popular  tale  (1834) 


HeUn^  coaain  of  Modus  the  bookworm. 
Sie  loVed  her  coosin,  and  taogfat  him 
there  was  a  better  "art  of  love**  than 
that  written  by  Ovid.— S.  Knowles,  Tha 
"      "     '  (1881). 


■ahrenBlljr  pnmoaimd  to  be  ascqnUto  and 

Ob  Ofwoocailon.  Mr.  SBowto  Mlnlnd  a 

■  l^llor  won  la  dw  part,  ud  allar  tba 

it  MiB.    Th«  poet.  In  repljr.  Mot  tfie  bdjr  a 

.— Walter  Laer. 

HeUn  (Lody)y  in  love  with  sir  Edward 
Moftimer.  Her  nncle  insulted  sir 
Edward  in  a  county  assembly^  struck 
him  down,  and  trampled  on  him.  Sir 
Edward,  returning  home,  encounterod  tiie 
cbnnken  ruffian  and  murdered  him.  He 
was  tried  for  the  crime,  and  acquitted 
"withost  a  stain  upon  his  character ;"  but 
the  knowledge  of  the  deed  preyed  upon 
•kit  mind,  so  that  he  could  not  marry  the 
niece  of  tile  murdered  man.  After  lead- 
iac  a  life  of  utter  wretchedness,  sir 
Edwmrd  told  Helen  that  he  was  Uie 
mordcrer  of  her  uncle,  and  died. — 6. 
Cohnan,  The  Iron  Chest  (1796). 

Heien  [Mowbrat],  in  love  witii  Wal- 
singliam.  **  Of  all  grace  the  pattern — 
perMB,  feature,  mind,  heart,  everything, 
as  nature  had  eesayed  to  frame  a  work 
where  none  could  find  a  flaw."  Allured  by 
lofd  Athnnree  to  a  house  of  ill-fame, 
under  pretence  of  doing  a  work  of  dmrity, 
she  was  seen  by  Walsmgham  as  the  came 
out,  and  he  abandoned  her  as  a  wanton. 
She  then  assumed  male  attire,  with  the 
aauM  of  Eustace.  Walsingham  became 
her  friend,  was  told  that  Eustace  was 
Helen's  brother,  and  finally  discovered 
that  Eustace  was  Helen  herself.  The 
mystery  being  cleared  up,  they  became 
man  Mid  wtfe. — S.  Knowles,  Woman*8 
IKe,  He.  (1888). 

Helen's  Fire  (feif  d'B^!^),  a 
eomaxant,  called  **  St  Helme's  **  or  **  St. 
Elmo's  fire**  by  the  Spaniards ;  the  "  fires 
of  St.  Peter  and  St.  Nicholas*'  by  the 
Italians;  and  "Oastor  and  Pollux**  by 
tlM  ancient  Romans.  This  electric  light 
will  sometimes  play  about  the  masts  of 
■hips.  If  only  one  appears,  foul  weather 
may  be  looked  for ;  but  if  two  or  more 
flames  appear,  the  worst  of  the  storm  is 
over. 


The  itorm-alndi  eeaae.  the  troaMed 
iUta  from  the  roeks.  doadi . 
▲ad  on  Um  boioro  of  the  deep 
In  peace  Uw  aagrj  bUlowB  deep. 

Hofaoi^ 


04m,ttL 


'ertliai 


M  of  Loin  »hMf 

on  oar  vta  •)'«  heai. 


Helen  of  One's  Troy,  the  ambi- 
tion of  our  heart,  the  object  for  which 
we  live  and  die.  The  allusion,  of  course, 
is  to  that  Helen  who  eloped  with  Paris, 
and  thus  brought  about  ^e  siege  and 
destruction  of  Troy. 

For  wUcfa  Bien  aU  ttie  life  fli^  here  eajoy 

Bcin  flgbt.  ai  for  the  Htfens  <^  thetr  Ttajr. 

Lord  Brooke.  TrtatU  ^  Bumant  Imming  (ISM-IOS). 

Hel'ena  (St.),  daughter  of  Coel  duke 
Colchester  and  afterwards  king  of 
Britain.  She  married  Constantius  (a 
Roman  senator,  who  succeeded  **01d 
king  0>le**),  and  became  the  mother  of 
Constantine  the  Great.  Constantius  died 
at  York  (a.d.  806).  Helena  is  said  to  have 
discovered  at  Jerusalem  the  sepulchre 
and  cross  of  Jesus  Christ. — Geoffrey, 
British  Hisionf,  v.  6  (1142). 

\*  This  legend  is  told  of  the  Col- 
chester arms,  which  consist  of  a  cross  and 
three  crowns  (two  atop  and  one  at  the 
foot  of  the  cross). 

At  acofuidonbledeptii  beaeadi  ttie  nrbee  of  Um  earth 
were  foand  tbr«e  cro— .  wtilch  were  tmuatfar  reeocniaeK 
ae  thoes  oa  wMdi  ChrM  and  the  two  Ihlevei  had  aiireced 
death.  To  aeoertain  whkb  wai  the  tnt*  cnm,  a  bmele 
eorpM  WM  plaeed  an  all  three  alteniateir;  the  two  first 
trM  Moduoert  no  effect,  but  the  tWrd  Inetaatlr  laant 
mated  the  bodr.— J.  Bradjr.  aatrt*  eaUndttrta.  18L 

HerKif  In  perwm  went  to  reek  that  hohrcroei 

Whereon  o«ir  Sarloor  died,  which  fooniL  ai  It  wm  eoiigbti 

FhMn  Salem  unto  Bome  triumphantly  sbe  broooht. 

Drayton. /Vlyof  Mem.  iwroSlDL 

HeVena,  only  daughter  of  Gerard  de 
Narbon  the  ]^ysician.  She  was  left 
under  the  charge  of  tiie  countess  of 
Rousillon,  whose  son  Bertram  she  fell  in 
love  with.  The  king  sent  for  Bertram 
to  the  palace,  and  Helena,  hearing  the 
king  was  ill,  obtained  permission  of  the 
countess  to  give  him  a  prescription  left 
by  her  late  nther.  The  medicine  cured 
the  king,  and  the  king,  in  gratitude, 
promised  to  make  her  the  wife  A  any  one 
of  his  courtiers  that  she  chose.  Helena 
selected  Bertram,  and  thejr  were  married ; 
but  the  haughty  count,  haong  the  alliance, 
left  Frsnce,  to  join  the  army  of  the  duke 
of  Florence.  Helena,  in  the  mean  time, 
started  on  a  pilgrimage  to  the  shrine  of 
St.  Jacques  le  Grand,  carrying  with  her  a 
letter  from  her  husband,  stating  that  he 
would  never  see  her  more  "  till  she  could 
get  the  ring  from  off  his  finger.'*  On  her 
way  to  the  shrine,  she  lodg^  at  Florence 
wiUi  a  widow,  the  mother  of  Diana,  with 
whom  Bertram  was  wantonly  in  love. 
Helena  was  permitted  to  pa!«s  herself  off 
as  Diana,  and  receive  his  vittits,  in  one  of 

2  F 


Helena. 


484 


HELL  KETTLES. 


which  ^ey  exchanged  rings.  Both  soon 
after  this  returned  to  the  countess  de 
Konsillon,  where  the  king  was,  and  the 
king,  seeing  on  Bertram's  finger  the  ring 
whioi  he  gave  to  Helena,  had  him 
arrested  on  suspicion  of  murder.  Helena 
now  explained  the  matter,  and  all  was 
well,  fur  all  ended  well. — Shakespeare, 
AtVs  Well  that  ends  Well  (1698). 

Hdeiw  b  •  youns  wonuui  Hdcing  •  man  in  mwriage. 
Tbe  onllnar7  laws  of  coartihip  are  revened.  the  habitml 
/oellnKi  are  violated  ;  / et  with  Kidi  esqiriahe  addreu  this 
danReroas  Mibject  b  handled,  that  Heleua'a  forwardneM 
kMM  her  no  honour.  Delicacy  dbpenaei  with  her  lawa  in 
her  favoor.— C.  Lamb. 

Jlel'ena,  a  young  A^enian  lady,  in  love 
with  Demetnus.  She  was  the  playmate 
of  Her'mia,  with  whom  she  grew  up,  as 
*'  two  cherries  on  one  stalk.  E^eus  (3 
8yi.)f  the  father  of  Uermia,  promised  his 
daughter  in  marriage  to  Demetrius ;  but 
when  Demetrius  saw  that  Uermia  loved 
L^sander,  he  turned  to  Helena,  who  loved 
him  dearly,  and  married  her. — Shake- 
speare, Miaaummcr  NighVs  Dream  (1592). 

Hellce  (8  syl,)^  the  Great  Bear, 

Night  on  the  earth  poured  darkneit ;  on  the  aen 
The  wakeAil  milor  to  Orion's  alar 
And  Helic4  turned  heedM. 
ApoU5nhu  RhMhu,  Tkt  ArrmauHo  JKxptdMom. 

Herioon,  a  moontain  of  BoM>'tia, 
sacred  to  the  Muses. 

From  Helicon's  harmonious  springa 

A  thousand  rlDs  their  tmtf  proRreas  talce 

Grajr,  Pr^grtm  of  Pottp  (1707). 

Herinore  iDame)^  wife  of  Malbecco, 
who  was  jealous  of  her,  and  not  without 
cause.     When  sir  Paridel,  sir  Sat'yranc 

gi  5y/.),  and  Britomart  (as  the  Squire  of 
ames)  took  refuge  in  Malbecco's  house, 
Dame  Helinore  and  sir  Paridel  had  many 
*' false  belgardes"  at  each  other,  and 
talked  love  with  glances  which  needed  no 
interpreter.  Hehnore,  having  set  fire  to 
the  closet  where  Malbecco  kept  his 
treasures,  eloped  with  Paridel,  while  the 
old  miser  stopped  to  put  out  the  fire. 
Paridel  soon  tired  of  ^e  dame,  and  cast 
her  off,  leaving  her  to  roam  whither  she 
listed.  She  was  taken  up  by  the  satyrs, 
who  made  her  their  dairv-woman,  and> 
crowned  her  queen  of  the  May.— Spenser, 
FaSry  Queen,  m.  9,  10  (1690). 

Heliotrope  renders  the  bearer  of  it 
iiivisible.  Boccaccio  calls  it  a  stones  but 
Sollnus  says  it  is  the  herb  so  called. 
(See  Invisibility), 

Amid  thb  droiid  ezabenuice  of  woe 
Kan  naked  spirits,  winged  with  honid  flnr; 
Nor  hope  had  they  of  crevice  where  to  bJdfl^ 
OrlMliotroiw  to  charm  them  out  of  view. 

DantA,  In/emo,  air.  (UOu). 
■alMniia  li  a  i«eN«  of  meh  aottmontinaij  Tlrtaa  that 


the  hearar  oTH  b  effisetoallT  eoncealed  from  tlie  s^Kbt  of 
all  prtuent.— Boccacdo,  Dteatmstvu  (day  vliL  SJi 

Virldi  colore  crt  ■emma  heUotrapion.  non  ita  aento  meA 
nuUlo  macb  et  represso.  steOb  punlceb  sup 
Caum  nommb  de  eflectu  lapkiia  e«  et  poitetfata. 
In  labrb  ends  radios  soHs  mutat  wngoiueo  rci 
Dtraqoe  aqua  spleodorem  aMs  abjkit  et  aTcrtlt. 
iUnd  posse  didtur.  ut  *«r6«  «>taHlem  nonink  mixta  et  prs»- 
eantathmlbos  legitlmb  eonaecrata.  eom.  a  qnoonminn 
gsstabttur.  snbCtahat  viribuaobvionun.— Sotfans^  geuy^  si. 

Helinane  de  Crenne,  contem- 
porary with  Pftoaier.  She  wrote  her  own 
biography,  including  the  "history  of 
her  own  death." — AngxHsses  Doicmreuaes 
(Lyons,  1646). 

Hel  Kei>lei]i,  a  mantle  of  invisi- 
bility, belonging  to  the  dwarf-king  Laurin. 
(See  Invisibility.) — The  heidenlmch 
(thirteenth  century). 

Hell,  according  to  Mohammedan  belief, 
is  divided  into  seven  compartments :  (1) 
for  Moluunmcdans,  (2)  for  Jews,  (3)  fnr 
Christians,  (4)  for  Sabians,  (6)  for 
Magians,  (6)  for  idolaters,  (7)  for  hypo- 
crites. All  but  idolaters  and  unbelievers 
will  be  in  time  released  from  tormBot. 

Heilf  Dant^  sa^s,  is  a  vast  funnel, 
divided  into  eight  circlea|^  with  ledges  more 
or  less  nigged.  Each  circle,  of  course,  is 
narrower  than  the  one  above,  and  the  last 
goes  down  to  the  very  centre  of  the  earth. 
Before  the  circles  begin,  there  is  a  neutral 
land  and  a  limbo.  In  the  neutral  land 
wander  those  not  bad  enough  for  hell 
nor  good  enough  for  heaven ;  in  the  Umbo, 
those  who  knew  no  sin  but  were  not 
baptized  Christians.  Coming  then  to  hell 
proper,  circle  1,  he  says,  is  compassed 
by  the  river  AchSron,  and  in  this  division 
of  inferno  dwell  the  spirits  of  the  heathen 
philosophers.  Circle  2  is  presided  over 
by  Minos,  and  here  are  the  spirits  of  those 
guilty  of  carnal  and  sinful  love.  Lirclc 
3  is  guarded  by  Cerberus,  and  this  b  the 
region  set  apart  for  gluttons.  Circle  4, 
presided  over  by  Plutus,  is  the  realm 
of  the  avaricious.  Circle  6  contains  the 
Stygian  Lake,  and  here  flounder  in  deep 
mud  those  who  in  life  put  no  restraint  on 
their  anger.  Circle  6  (in  the  city  of 
Dis)  is  for  those  who  did  violence  to  man 
by  force  or  fraud.  Circle  7  (in  tlie  city 
of  Dis)  is  for  suicides.  Circle  8  (nlso  in 
the  city  of  Dis)  is  for  blasphemers  «id 
heretics.  After  the  eight  circles  come 
the  ten  pits  or  chasms  of  Malebolgd 
(4  syl.)f  the  last  of  which  is  in  the  centre 
of  the  earth,  and  here,  he  says,  is  the 
frozen  river  of  Cocy'tus.    (See  Inferno.) 

Hell  Kettles,  three  black  pits  of 
boiling  heat  and  sulphurous  vapour,  on  the 
banks  of  the  Skem,  in  NorthumbcrUuKL 


HELL  PAVED,  ETC. 


4S5 


HENNEBER6. 


fortlMirailphOToaB[jfat] 

%*  One  of  the  cavenui  is  19  feet  6 
hicaes  deep,  another  ie  14  fe^  deep,  and 
the  third  is  17  feet.  Theee  three  com- 
manicmte  with  each  other.  There  is  a 
fonrth  5}  feet  deep,  which  is  qaite  separate 
from  the  other  three. 

Hell  Paved  witli  Good  Inten*- 
tiODB. — A  Portuguese  Proverb, 


.  .  .  Mteg  "tbv  maotU  (Mtt." 
Tb  pMr  **  tw  «■**>  aMuriogidMNildiNivelidL'* 

Hellebore   (3  sy/.),    celebrated   in 
maniacal 


bgr  nfvnigB  btUeborc 
DnjrtQa,  Polg9lbion,  sUL  (MIS). 

HeUeepont.  Leander  nsed  to  swim 
across  tiie  Hellespont  to  visit  Hero,  \a 
prieftess  of  Sestos.  Lord  Byron  and 
ueotcnant  Ekenhead  repeated  the  feat, 
and  aceompUahed  it  in  seventy  minutes, 
the  distance  being  four  miles  (allowing 
fordriMng). 

bendd.  iMrtapi.  h*v«  pMnd  the  Hdlroot, 
As  «Hc  (a  fHt  ea  wbfcfa^undiei  w  prided) 
Loader.  Mr  .ITIwhiail  and  I  did. 

t^mm.  DmJutm,VL  lOS  (ISlf). 

HeUica'niie,  the  able  and  honest 
minister  of  Perlcl&i,  to  whom  he  left  the 
chaige  of  Tyre  daring  his  absence. 
Bctag  offered  tne  crown,  Hellicftnus  nobly 
deelmed  the  offer,  and  remained  faithful 
to  the  pfinoa  tiiroughout. — Shakespeare, 
PtrkUtPrmoeof  Tyre  (1608). 

Hehnet  of  InTlsibility.  The 
hefanet  of  Perseus  (2  eyL)  rendered  the 
vcarer  invisible.  Inis  was  in  reality  the 
*'  Helmet  of  Ha'dgs,**  and  after  Perseus 
had  shun  Medu'sa  he  restored  it,  together 
vidi  the  winged  sandals  and  magic 
wallet.  The  **gorgon*s  head**  he  pre- 
•ented  to  Minerva,  who  placed  it  in  the 
middle  of  her  mgis.    (See  Ikvisibilitt.) 

*«*  ]Iambrlno*s  helmet  had  the  same 
mapcal  power,  though  don  Quixote,  even 
in  ms  midsummer  madness,  never  thought 
hioudf  invisible  whoi  hA  donned  the 
barber's  basin* 

Heloiae.  La  NouveOe  ff/toteey  a  ro- 
mance by  Jean  Jacques  Rousseau  (1761). 

Helvet'la^  Switzerland,  modernized 
Latin  for  Ager  Eelvetiorum, 

Pikwft  ihny  aad  Hejreria'i  damaa, 

OmplMll  Plmmtrm9fM«p9, 1.  (171l|. 

TUH^wtkm  MomUamSy  the  SwissAlps. 


•adtkei 
o'er  tk'  Hchwtlaii  Moontaiac 
lalui  Ilka  molten  gold  heknr. 


He'meray  sister  of  prince  Memnon, 
mentioned  by  Dictys  Cretensis.  Milton, 
in  his  //  PeneerosOf  speaks  of  "prince 
Memnon*B  sister**  (1638). 

Hem'janah,  princess  of  Cassimir', 
daughter  of  the  sultan  Zebene'zer;. 
betrothed  at  the  age  of  13  to  the  prince 
of  Georgia.  As  Hemjunah  had  never 
seen  the  prince,  she  ran  away  to  avoid 
a  forced  marriage,  and  was  changed  b^ 
Ulin  the  enchanter  into  a  toad.  In  this 
form  she  became  acquainted  with  Misnar 
•ultan  of  India,  who  had  likewise  been 
transformed  into  a  toad  by  Ulin.  Misnar 
was  disenchanted  by  a  dervise,  and  slew 
Ulin ;  whereupon  the  princess  recovered 
her  proper  shape,  and  returned  home.  A 
rebellion  broke  out  in  Cassimir,  but  the 
"angel  of  death**  destroyed  the  rebel 
army,  and  Zebenezer  was  restored  to  his 
throne.  His  surprise  was  unbounded 
when  he  found  that  the  prince  of  Georgi* 
and  the  sultan  of  India  were  one  and  ue 
same  person ;  and  Hemjunah  said,  "  Be 
assured,  0  sultan,  that  I  shall  not  refuse 
the  hand  of  the  prince  of  Georgia,  even  if 
my  father  commands  my  obedience.**— Sir 
C.  MoreU  [J.  Ridley],  Tales  of  the  Genii 
("  Princess  of  Cassimir,**  vii.,  1751). 

Hemlock.  Socrat^  the  Wise  and 
Phocion  the  Good  were  both  by  the  Athe- 
nians condemned  to  death  by  hemlock 
juice,  Socrates  at  the  age  of  70  (b.c.  899) 
and  Phocion  at  the  age  of  86  (b.c.  817). 

Hempeldrke  (2  syL)y  a  captain 
serving  under  Wolf  ort  the  usurper  oi  the 
earidom  of  Flanders. — Beaumont  uid 
Fletcher,  The  Beggars'  Bush  (1622). 

Hen  and  Chiokens  (The),  the 
Pleiades,  Called  in  Basoue  Oiloa  Chxtuekm 
(same  meaning). — ^Miss  Frere,  Old  Decoon 
Days,  27. 

Henbane  makes  those  who  chance  to 
eat  of  it  **  bray  like  asses  or  neigh  like 
horses.** 

Hen'derson  {Elias)y  chaplain  at 
Lochleven  Ca«tle.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Abbot  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Henneberg  (Count),  One  day  a 
b^gar-woman  asked  count  Henneberg's 
wife  for  alms.  The  countess  twitted  her 
for  carrying  twins,  whereupon  the  woman 
cursed  her,  with  the  assurance  that "  her 
ladvship  ^ould  be  the  mother  of  365 
children.*'  The  legend  says  that  the 
countess  bore  ^em  at  one  birth,  but 
none  of  them  lived  any  length  of  time* 
All  the  girls  were  named  Elizabeth^  and 


HENRIETTA  KABIA. 


436 


HENBT. 


all  the  boyi  John,    Tbej  are  buried,  we 
are  told,  at  the  Hague. 

Henrietta  Maiii^  widow  of  king 
Charles  I.,  introduced  in  sir  W.  Scott*8 
Peveril  of  the  Peak  (1823). 

Henrietta  Street^  Carendish 
Square,  London,  Ib  00  called  in  eompli* 
m«at  to  Henrietta  CaTendish,  daughter  of 
John  Holies  duke  of  Newcastle,  and  wife 
of  Edward  second  earl  of  Oxford  and 
Mortimer.  From  these  come  **  Edward 
Street,**  *<  Henrietta  Street,**  *<  Cavendish 
Square,**  and  «'HoUes  Street"  (Sea 
Portland  Plaok.) 

Henriette  (8  eyjX  daughter  of 
Chrysale  (2  syl,)  and  rhiUminte  (3  syt,). 
She  is  in  love  with  Clitandre,  and  ulti- 
mately becomes  his  wife.  Philaminte, 
who  IS  a  blue-stocking,  wants  Henriette 
to  marry  Trissotin  a  bel  eeprit ;  and 
Armande  the  sister,  also  a  pat  bleu, 
thinks  that  Henriette  ou^ht  to  devote 
her  life  to  science  and  philosophy ;  but 
Henriette  loves  woman's  work  nr  better, 
and  thinks  that  her  natural  province  is 
domestic  life,  with  wifely  uid  motherly 
duties.  Her  father  Chrysale  takes  the 
same  views  of  woman's  life  as  his 
daughter  Henriette,  but  he  is  quite  under 
the  thumb  of  his  strong-minded  wife. 
However,  love  at  last  prevails,  and 
Henriette  is  given  in  marriage  to  the 
man  of  her  choice.  The  Frcndi  call 
Henriette  "  the  type  of  a  perfect  woman,** 
i,e,  a  borough  woman.  —  Molibre,  Lee 
Femmee  Savantee  (1672). 

Henrique  {I>on)f  an  uxorious  lord, 
cruel  to  his  younger  brother  don  Jamie. 
Don  Henrique  is  the  father  of  Asca'nio, 
and  the  supposed  husband  of  Violan'te 
(4  sy/.). — Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The 
Sjxxmeh  Curate  (1622). 

Henry,  a  soldier  engaged  to  Louisa. 
Some  rumours  of  galUmtry  to  Henry's 
disadvantage  having  reach«i  the  village, 
he  is  told  that  Louisa  is  about  to  be 
married  to  another.  In  his  despair  he 
gives  himself  up  as  a  deserter,  and  is 
condemned  to  death.  Louisa  now  eoes 
to  the  king,  explains  to  him  the  whole 
matter,  obtains  her  sweetheait's  pardon, 
and  reaches  the  jail  just  as  the  mufBed 
drums  begin  to  beat  the  death  march. — 
Dibdin,  The  Deeerier  (1770). 

J/enry,  son  of  sir  Philip  Blandford's 
brother.  Both  the  brothers  luved  the 
same  lady,  but  the  younger  marrying  her, 
sir  Philip,  in  his  rage,  stabbed'  him,  as 
it  was  thought,  mortally.    In  due  time, 


the  young  "widow  **  had  a  son  (Henry),  m 
very  high-minded,  chivalrous  young  man, 
greatly  beloved  by  every  one.  After 
twenty  years,  his  faUier  re-appeared  under 
the  name  of  Morrington,  and  Henry 
married  his  cousin  Emma  Blandford. — 
Thom.  Morton,  Speed  the  Pkngh  (1798). 

Henry  (Poor),  prince  of  Hoheneck,  ia 
Bavaria.  BeinK  struck  with  leprosy,  he 
ouitted  his  lordly  castle,  gave  largely  to 
me  poor,  and  retired  to  live  witii  a  small 
cottage  farmer  named  Gottlieb  \Oot,leeh]^ 
one  <^  his  vassals.  He  was  told  thai  he 
would  never  be  cured  till  a  virgin,  chaste 
and  spotless,  offered  to  die  on  his  bdialf . 
Elsie,  the  farmer's  dau{|fater,  offered  her- 
self, and  after  great  resistance  the  prince 
accompanied  her  to  Salerno  to  complete 
the  sacrifice.  When  he  arrived  at  the 
city,  either  the  exercise,  the  excitement, 
or  Uie  charm  of  some  relic,  no  matter 
what,  had  effected  tm  entire  cure,  and 
when  he  took  Elsie  into  the  cathedral, 
the  only  sacrifice  she  had  to  make  waa 
that  of  her  maiden  name  for  lady  Alicia^ 
wife  of  prince  Henry  of  H(^eneck. — 
Hartmann  von  der  Aue  (minnesinger). 
Poor  Henry  (twelfth  century). 

*4i*  This  tale  is  the  subject  of  Long- 
feUow's  Golden  Legend  (1861). 

Henry  IX.,  king  of  England,  intro- 
duced by  sir  W.  Scott  both  in  Tks 
Betrothed  and  In  7%e  Taiisman  (1825). 


Henry    V. 


3iakeipeare*s    dimma, 
t  Vtctonee  of  Henry 


founded  on  The  Famume 
V, :  contamiiu  the  HonourabU  J&aUie  of 
Aaincourt,  As  it  ispiaide  by  the  Queenes 
Magesties  players,  ibld^,  ^akespeare's 
play  appeared  in  print  in  1600  (quarto). 

Henry  VL  Shakespeare's  dramas  o< 
this  reign  are  founded  on  The  Faret  Part 
of  the  Uontention  betwixt  the  ttoo  Fcanmm 
bc/uees  of  Yorhe  and  Lancaster,  with  the 
Death  of  the  Good  Duke  Hmnpkrey,  eUu 
As  it  uMs  sundry  times  acted  by  the  RigM 
Honourable  the  JEarle  of  Pembroke  his  Ser^ 
vants,  1600. 

Another.  The  True  TragedieofRidutrd 
Duke  of  Yorke,  and  the  Death  of  Qood 
Henrie  F/.,  etc.  As  ii  was  sundry  timet 
acted  ...  (as  above). 

Henry  [Lek],  member  for  Virginia, 
on  whose  motion  (July  4,  1776)  the 
American  congress  published  their  decla- 
ration of  independence,  and  erected  the 
colonies  into  free  and  sovereign  states. 

Heniy,  the  fomt-bom  Demoftbai^i^ 
Wbow  thviidw  Aook  die  PtaJUp  of  tkm  acMt^aM 
MrfcUny 


HEOROT. 


4S7 


HERCULES. 


He'orot,  the  mafoiificent  palace  built 

b;r  HTothsar  king  of  Denmark.   Here  **  he 

dutribatcd  rings  [treasure]  at  the  feast** 

TlmivM  for  the  •cms  of  OmOmu  a  braeh  ekarad  In 
ft*  hHT  UM  :_Acfl«  tb«  t>old  ipirtt,  trm  from  auarral. 

bia  nBk.Mid  boMla 


^  tvlMad  iU*4«p  . . .  meanwhile  Um  poat  iai« 
laHaoniC:  ttiata  vai  Joy  ofbcroat.  no  little  pomp 

ble'i  tiinrfetion,  Bmmu\f 


Heos'phoros,  the  morning  star. 


I.& 


Mi.iL 


^SUOtOBKH 


He^par,  the  Uyct  personified,  the 
areh-e^  in  The  Pwrple  Idand,  bv 
Phineas  Fletekec  Fnllj  described  in 
canto  iii.  (1633). 

Hephes'tos,  the  Greek  name  for 
Tnkaa.  T^  Vulcanic  |>eriod  of  geo- 
logj  is  that  vnknown  period  before  the 
creation  of  man,  when  the  molten  granite 
and  tMuiad  metals  were  npheaved  by 
internal  heat,  through  the  overlying 
itrrta,.  sometimea  even  to  tha  very  sor- 
fseeof  the  earth. 

ikofThM^ 


laignof 


Herbert  (Sir  WiUiain).  friend  of  sir 
Hifco  da  Laey.— Sir  W.  Scott,  2%e  Be- 
tnOtd  (time,  H«nry  II.). 

Her'calSB  shot  Nessus  for  offering 
insolt  to  his  wife  Di'-i-a-nl-ra,  and  the 
dring  centaur  told  Diianira  that  if  she 
«pptti  in  his  blood  her  husband*8  shirt, 
i)m  would  secure  his  love  for  ever.  Her- 
caldi,  being  about  to  offer  sacrifice,  sent 
Uchas  for  the  shirt;  but  no  sooner  was  it 
vanned  by  the  heat  of  his  body  than 
it  caused  such  excruciating  agony  that 
tte  btfo  went  mad,  and,  seizing  Lichas, 
he  flung  him  into  the  sea. 

Her^iis  Mad  is  the  subject  of  a  Greek 
tmgsdy  by  Eurip'id^  sod  of  a  Latin 
by  Sen'eca. 


IhMB  lb*  top  oC  fBta  r« « 

apiiMi, 
•MMrtltbmr 

*n.fi42.ole.(10K)i 

Mlllon. /aa«a 

UmLmft, 

\*  Dioddms  says  there  were  three 
HemiUaes ;  Cicero  reeognixes  six  (three 
of  whi^  were  Greeks,  one  Egyptian,  one 
Cretan,  and  one  Indian) ;  Varro  says 
tteie  were  forty-three. 

Bercmtes**  Choice,  When  Herculte 
was  a  young  man,  he  was  accosted  by 
two  women,  Pleasure  and  Yirtne,  and 
asked  to  choose  which  he  would  follow. 
Pleasure  promised  him  all  carnal  delights, 
but  Virtue  promised  him  immortuity. 
Uereul^  gave  his  hand  to  the  latter,  and 


hence  led  a  life  of  great  toil,  but  wms 
ultimately  received  amongst  the  im- 
mortals.— XenofAon. 

*«*  Mrs.  Baubauld  has  borrowed  this 
allegory,  but  instead  of  Hercul^  has 
substituted  Melissa,  **  a  young  girl,"  who 
is  accosted  by  Dissipation  and  House- 
wifery. While  somewhat  in  doubt  which 
to  follow,  Dissipation's  mask  falls  oif, 
and  immediately  Melissa  beholds  such  a 
**wan  and  ghastly  countenance,'*  that 
she  turns  away  in  horror,  and  gives  her 
hand  to  the  more  sober  of  ^^  two  ladies. 
^Evenmqe  at  Home,  jrix.  (i7»6). 

Uerades't  Horse,  Arlon,  given  him  by 
Adrastos.  It  had  the  gift  of  human 
speech,  and  its  feet  on  the  right  side  were 
tnose  of  a  man. 

Herculis^s  PHlars,  Cklpfi  and  Ab'yla, 
one  at  Gibraltar  and  the  other  at  Ceuta 
(3  jy/.).  They  were  torn  asunder  by 
Alcldds  on  his  route  to  Gadds  (CadiM), 

Herodiit  Parte :  (1}  *«  Heicnlis  Corsani 
Portns"  (now  called  PortO'Eroolo,  in 
Etmria) ;  (2)  "  Herculis  Libumi  Portos  " 
(now  called  Licorno,  Le,  Leghorn) ;  (8 J 
**  Herculis  Monceci  Portus  '*  (now  call^ 
Monaco,  near  Nice). 

HercvUis  {The  Attic),  Theseus  (2  eyl,), 
who  went  about,  like  Hercules,  destroy- 
ing robbers,  and  performing  most  won- 
derful exploits. 

Herculis  {The  Cretan),  All  the  three 
Idsean  Dactyls  were  so  called :  vix.,  Cel- 
mis  ('*  the  smelter"),  Damnamteeus  ('*th« 
hammer  "),  and  Acmon  (**the  anvil "). 

Hercules  {The  Egyptian),  Sesostris  (fl. 
B.C.  1500).  Another  was  Som  or  C^on, 
called  by  Pausanias,  MaoSris  son  of 
Amon. 

HerculSs  (The  English),  Guy  earl  of 

Warwick  (890-958). 

Waivlek  ...  thoa  Sn^Ui  HofcwMa 

Dngrton. /^affafMoNb  liM.  (ISUV 

Herculis  (The  Famese),  a  statue,  the 
work  of  Glvkon,  copied  from  one  by 
Lysip'pos.  Called  Fame's^  (8  syl,)  from 
its  being  placed  in  the  Fames^  palace  of 
Rome,  where  were  at  one  time  collected 
also  the  "  Toro  di  Famese,"  the  *'  Flora  di 
Famesd,"  and  Oie  "Gladiator§  di  Far- 
nesd."  The *'Hercul6s"  and  "Toro "are 
now  at  Naples.  The  '*  Famesd  Her- 
cnl^  "  represents  the  hero  exhausted  b^ 
toil,  leaning  on  his  club ;  and  in  his  left 
hand,  which  rests  on  his  back,  he  holds 
one  of  the  apples  of  the  Hesperidds. 

*«*  A  copy  of  this  famous  statue 
stands  in  the  l^uilleries  gardens  of  Paris. 


HERCULES. 


488 


HERMES. 


An  excellent  description  of  the  statue  is 
given  by  Thomson,  in  his  Liberty ^  iv. 

Hercuies  (The  Indian)^  Dors&nds,  who 
married  Pandsa.  and  became  the  pro- 
genitor of  the  Indian  kings.  Belns  is 
sometimes  called  **  The  Indian  Herculds.** 

Herculis  {The  Jewiah)^  Samson  (died 
B.C.  1113). 

HerculS$  (The  Bu39ian),  Rnstnm. 

ffercuiSs  (The  Swedish),  StarchatSms 
(first  Christian  century). 

Hercules  of  Music,  Qiristoph  von 
GlUck  (1714-1787). 

Hercules  Secundus.  CommOdus, 
the  Roman  emperor,  ^ve  himself  this 
title.  He  was  a  gigantic  idiot,  who  killed 
100  lions,  and  overthrew  1000  gladiators 
in  the  amphitheatre  (161,  180-192). 

Heren-Suge  (The)^  a  seven-headed 
hydra  of  Basque  mythology,  like  the 
Deccan  cobras. 

Heretics  (Hammer  of).  Pierre  d'Ailly 
(1850-1426). 

John  Faber  is  also  called  **The  Hammer 
of  Heretics,*'  from  the  title  of  one  of  his 
works  (♦-1641). 

ffcretic8  (Scientific). 

Feargal  bishop  of  Saltzbnrg,  an  Irish- 
man, was  denounced  as  a  heretic  for  assert- 
ing the  existence  of  antipod^  (*-784). 

OaiHeOy  the  astronomer,  was  cast  into 
prison  for  maintaining  the  "heretical 
opinion  "  that  the  earth  moved  roond  the 
sun  (1564-1642). 

Giordano  Bruno  was  burnt  alive  for 
maintaining  that  matter  is  the  mother  of 
all  things  ^650-1600). 

Her'eward  (8  eyi.),  one  of  the 
Varangian  guard  of  Alexins  Comnenns, 
emperor  of  Greece. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Count 
Jtobert  of  Paris  (time,  Rnfus). 

Hereward  the  Wake   (or   T^ 

lant)^  lord  of  Bom,  in  Lincolnshire. 
He  plundered  and  burnt  the  abbey  of 
Peterborough  (1070);  established  his 
camp  in  the  Isle  of  Ely,  where  he  was 
ioined  by  earl  Morcar  (1071);  he  was 
blockaded  for  three  months  by  William  I., 
but  made  his  escape  with  some  of  his 
f  ol  lowers.  This  is  the  name  and  snbj  eot  of 
one  of  King8ley*s  novels. 

Her'iot  (Master  Georqe),  troldsmith 
to  James  I. ;  guardian  of  lady  Hermiond. 
—Sir  W.  Scott,  Fortunes  of  Nigel  (time, 
James  I.). 


Herman,  a  deaf  and  dumb  boy, 
jailer  of  the  dungeon  of  the  Giant^s 
Mount.  Meeting  Ulrica,  he  tries  to  seize 
her,  when  a  flash  of  lightning  strikes  the 
bridge  on  which  he  stands,  and  Herman 
is  thrown  into  the  torrent. — E.  Stirling, 
The  Prisoner  of  State  (1847). 

Herman  (S&*),  of  Goodalricke,  one  of 
the  preceptors  of  the  Knights  Templars. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Ivanhoe  (time,  Richard  1). 

Hermann,  the  hero  of  Goethe's  poem 
Hermann  und  Vorothea.  Goethe  tells  us 
that  the  object  of  this  poem  is  to  **  show, 
as  in  a  mirror,  the  great  movements  and 
changes  of  the  world's  stage.** 

Hermaph'rodite  (4  jyf.),  son  ef 
Venus  Mid  Mercury.  At  the  age  of 
15,  he  bathed  in  a  fountain  of  Caria, 
when  Sal'macis,  thefoontain  nvmph,  fell 
in  love  with  him,  and  prayed  uie  gods  to 
xnBk%  the  two  one  body.  Her  prayers 
being  heard,  the  two  beoune  united  into 
one,  out  still  preserved  the  doable  sex. 


Mot  Uwt  bright  ■pring  wbera  btr ! 
Omr  into  one  wkh  «Bnte0  Btkam 

...  may  dar*  cnrnpart  vtth  Uilk  

Phin.  FlslclMr,  Th»  Pur^U  likmi,  r.  (MB). 

Hermegild  or  Hermjmgyld*  wife 
of  the  lord-constable  of  Northumber* 
land.  She  was  converted  by  Constance, 
but  was  murdered  by  a  knight  whose  suit 
had  been  rejected  by  ^e  young  guest,  in 
order  to  bring  her  into  trouble.  'The 
villainy  being  discovered,  the  knight  was 
executed,  and  Constance  married  the  king, 
whose  name  was  Alia.  Herm^ild^  at 
the  bidding  of  Constance,  restorra  sight 
to  a  blind  Briton. — Qiaucer,  Cantertntry 
Tales  ("  Man  of  Uw's  Tale,'^  1388). 

(The  word  is  spelt  "Custaunce**  7 
times,  "  Constance  "  16  times,  and  **  Con- 
staunce  *'  17  times,  in  the  tale.) 

Hermegiidf  a  friend  at  Oswald,  in 
love  with  Gartha  (Oswald's  sister).  He 
was  a  man  in  tm  middle  age  of  life, 
of  counsel  sage,  and  great  prudence 
When  Hubert  (the  brother  of  Oswald) 
and  Gartha  wished  to  rtir  up  a  civil  war 
to  avenge  the  death  of  Oswald,  who 
had  been  slain  in  single  combat  with 
prince  Gondlbert,  HermM;ild  wisely  de- 
terred them  from  the  rash  attempt,  and 
diverted  the  anger  of  the  camp  bv  funeral 
obsequies  of  a  most  imposing  diaracter. 
The  tale  of  Gondibert  beinje  unfinished, 
the  sequel  is  not  known. — Sir  W.  Dave- 
nant,  Gondibert  (died  1668). 

Her'mSs  (2  syi.),  son  of  Maia :  patron 
of  commerce.    Akenside  makea  Hemies 


H£HUnS« 


489 


HERMIONE. 


aaj  to  tlie   Thames,    feferrmg   to    the 
merduuit  ships  of  England : 

Br  yoB  r«U^)  mr  bnelion  »nd  107  booonred 
DofpoM*:  while  oV  Um  Btotie  vate. 
Or  ttiro'  cbe  towers  of  Mampbis,  or  Um  pabni 
^  matd  GancBi  wmiend.  1  eoaduct 


AkenMe.  Hwmn  f»  a«  Jra<a4*(1767). 

(The  Bvtis  is  the  Guadalquiver,  and 
the  Baetie  vale  Granada  and  Andalucia.) 

Ba'mh  (2  «s^/.)>  ^^  same  as  Mercunr, 
and  applied  both  to  the  god  and  to  tne 
metal.  Milton  calls  quicksilver  **  volatil 
Henngt.'* 

80  vlieii  we  Me  tht  HqaU  oMtel  flJl, 
Whaeh  cfeMBtatB  far  the  HUM  of  HOTmte  ealL 

Hoole'ai<ric«(«.irUL 

Etrmtt  (Si^),  same  as  St.  Elmo,  Saerpo 
Santo,  (Wtor  «id  PoUaz,  ^c  A  coma- 
tant  or  electric  light,  seen  occasionally  on 
ships' masts. 


Be  tbe  flra  whkk  aRylanfldSt. 
%§  aoMS  their  riilppii  and  aUffat  upon  the  toppe  <rf  the 
■Brt-'-De  Lniar.  fywtflM  «fSpeetnt,  67  (160S). 

HermSa  Triaiii^s'tus  ('*  Hermes 
Oa-ioe-greaiest^)^  the  Egyptian  Thoth,  to 
vfaom  is  ascril]«d  a  host  of  inventions: 
as  tbe  art  of  writing  in  hieroglyhics,  the 
first  Egyptian  code  of  laws,  the  art  of 
harmony,  the  science  of '  astrology,  the 
iorention  of  the  lote  and  lyre,  magic, 
etc  (twentieth  century  B.C.). 

Ikeadieolof  HcnDte  IMaaesbtm, 
Who  ottered  bis  omdei  nibBiiie 
Bilare  the  Olrmpiadt. 

Lcmsfcnow.  Tht  OoMen  Ltgtmd  (1S51). 

Her^xnesind  (8  sy/.)*  daughter  of 
Pelayo  and  Gaudio'sa.  She  was  plighted 
to  Al^<Miso,  son  of  lord  Pedro  of  Can- 
tabaia.  Both  Alphonso  and  Hermesind 
at  death  were  buried  in  the  cave  of  St. 
Antony,  in  Covadonga. 


I  and  lonocence  In  htf 
lmhminmi$  union  AaoM.    One  who  bad  hdd 
The  fydi  of  elder  Greece  would  lare  have  thoaght 
I  lonnh  of  teed  dirlne^ 


Onad  or  Oi>ad  .  .  .  raa,  ne  nemc 
Aafd  or  «Kil  beattted.  fIroBti  reabni 
Of  Mia  .  .  .  «e  earth  re-ent. 


fioirtfaqr.  Awtartek,  eCa.  svL  DSM). 

Her'mia^  daughter  of  Ege'us  (8  9yl,) 
ef  Athens,  and  promised  by  him  in 
marriage  to  DemS^ns.  As  Hermia  loved 
Lrsander,  and  refused  to  marry  De- 
■icirius,  her  &ther  summoned  her  before 
the  duke,  and  requested  that  the  **  law  of 
the  land**  might  be  carried  out,  which 
was  death  or  perpetual  virginity.  The 
duke  gave  Hermia  four  days  to  consider 
the  subject,  at  the  expiration  of  which 
time  she  was  ^ther  to  obey  her  father  or 
lose  her  life.  She  now  fled  from  Athens 
with  Lysaoder.  Demetrius  went  in  pur- 
suit of  her,  and  HelSna,  who  doted  on 
Demetrius,  followed.    All  four  came  to  a 


wood,  and  falling  asleep  from  weariness, 
had  a  dream  about  the  fairies.  When  De- 
metrius woke  up,  he  came  to  his  senses, 
and  seeing  that  llcmiia  loved  another, 
consented  to  marry  Helena;  and  Egrus 
gladly  gave  the  hand  of  his  daugnter 
to  Lvsander. — Shakespeare,  MidsuAimer 
Night's  Dream  {1592). 

Hermlon,  the  young  wife  of  Damon 
"the  Pythagore'an  *  and  senator  of  Syra- 
cuse.—J.  Sanim,  Dcunon  and  Pythias 
(1826). 

Hermi'onS  (4  s^/.),  only  daughter  of 
Mcnela'os  and  Helen.  She  became  the 
wife  of  Pyrrhos  or  NeoptolCmos,  son  of 
Achillds ;  but  Orestes  assassinated  P>'rrhos 
and  married  Hermiond,  who  had  been 
already  betrothed  to  him. 

HermCone  (4  sy/.J  or  Harmo'nia,  wife 
of  (^mus.  .  LcAvmg  Thebes,  Cadmns 
and  his  wife  went  to  Illyr'ia,  and  were 
both  changed  into  serpents  for  having 
killed  a  serpent  sacred  to  Mars.— OWd, 
MetamorphciseSj  iv.  590,  etc. 

Never  rinoa  of  Mrnent-ldnd 
Lovelier,  not  thow  that  In  Uljrria  [iMr«]  efaansed— 
HemyonI  and  Cadmoa. 

Milton.  ParudiM  Lott,  Is.  BOS,  ele.  (ISOB). 

Berm^onS  (4  «w/.),  wife  of  Leontds 
king  of  Sicily.  The  king,  boing  jealous, 
sent  her  to  prison,  where  she  gave  birth 
to  a  daughter,  who,  at  the  king's  command, 
was  to  be  placed  on  a  desert  shore  and 
left  to  perish.  The  child  was  driven  by 
a  storm  to  the  "coast**  of  Bohemia,  and 
brought  up  by  a  shepherd  who  called  her 
Per'dita.  Florlzel,  the  son  of  PoUxenes 
king  of  Bohemia,  fell  in  love  with  her, 
and  they  fled  to  Sicily  to  escape  the 
vengeance  of  the  angry  king.  Being 
introduced  to  Leont^  it  was  soon  dis- 
covered that  Perdita  was  his  lost  daugh- 
ter, and  Polixen^  gbully  consented  to 
the  union  he  had  before  objected  to. 
Pauli'na  (a  lady  about  the  court)  now 
asked  the  royal  party  to  her  house  to 
inspect  a  statue  of  Hcrmion#,  which 
turned  out  to  be  the  living  queen  herself. 
^Shakespeare,  The  Winter's  Tale  (lod4). 

HermSonJi  (4  sv/.)*  only  daughter  of 
Helen  and  Menel&'us  (4  «v/.)  aing  of 
Sparta.  She  was  betrothed  to  Orestes, 
but  after  ^e  fsll  of  Troy  was  promised 
by  her  father  in  marriage  to  Pyrrhus 
king  of  Epirus.  Orestds  madly  loved  her, 
but  Hermion^  as  madly  loved  Pyrrhus.  , 
Wlien  Pyrrhus  fixed  his  alFections  on 
Androm'ach^  (widow  of  Hector,  and 
his  captive),  bhe  pride  and  jealousy  of 
Hermione  were  roused«    At  this  crisis. 


HERMIONE. 


440 


HERO. 


•n  embftssy  led  by  OrcstSs  arrived  At  the 
court  of  Pyrrhusj  to  demand  the  death 
of  Aaty'anax,  the  son  of  Andromache  and 
Hector,  lest  when  he  grew  to  manhood 
he  might  seek  to  avenge  his  father's 
death.  Pyrrhus  declined  to  give  up  the 
boy,  and  married  Andromachd.  The 
passion  of  Hemiion§  was  now  goaded  to 
madness ;  and  when  she  heard  that  the 
Greek  ambassadors  had  fallen  on  Pyrriius 
and  murdered  him,  she  stabbed  herself 
and  died. — Ambrose  Philips,  The  Da- 
tressed  Mother  {17  V2). 

This  was  a  famous  part  wi^  Mrs. 
Porter  (*-1762),  and  with  Miss  Young 
better  known  as  Mrs.  Pope  (1740-1797). 

HermCcmi  (4  sy/.),  daughter  of  Dan- 
nischemend  the  Persian  sorcerer,  men- 
tioned in  Donnerhugers  narrative. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Anne  of  Oeierstem  (time, 
Edward  IV.). 

HermSone  {JThe  lady)  or  lady  Er^ 
min'ia  Pauletti,  privately  married  to  lord 
Dalgamo.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Fortvnea  of 
Nigel  (time,  James  I.). 

Hermit,  the  pseudonym  of  the  poet 
Hayley,  the  friend  of  Cowpcr, 

Hermit  {77ie  English),  Roger  Crab, 
who  subsisted  on  three  farthings  a  week, 
his  food  being  bran,  herbs,  roots,  dock 
leaves,  and  mallows  (*-1680). 

Hermit  {Peter  the),  the  instigator  of  the 
first  crusade  (1050-1115). 

Hermit  and  the  Touth  (The). 
A  hermit,  desirous  to  study  the  ways  of 
Providence,  met  with  a  youUi,  who  became 
his  companion.  The  first  night,  they 
were  most  hospitably  entertained  by  a 
nobleman,  but  at  porting  the  young  man 
stole  his  entertainer's  goldoi  goblet. 
Next  day,  they  obtained  with  di£Sculty  of 
a  miser  shelter  from  a  severe  storm,  and 
at  parting  the  youth  gave  him  the  golden 

foblet.  Next  night,  they  were  modestly 
nt  freely  welcomed  by  one  of  the  middle 
class,  and  at  parting  the  youth  "crept 
to  the  cradle  where  an  infant  slept,  and 
wrung  its  neck ;  **  it  was  the  only  child 
of  their  kind  host.  Leaving  the  hospit- 
able roof,  they  lost  their  wa}',  and  were  set 
right  by  a  guide,  whom  the  youth  pushed 
*  into  a  river,  and  he  was  drowned.  The 
hermit  began  to  curse  the  3'outh,  when 
io !  he  turned  into  an  angel,  who  thus 
explained  his  acts: 

"  I  it«l*  Ui«  fobiM  fhrni  tfaa  rich  lord  to  t«M!li  blm  not  to 
tnict  bt  unoertalfi  rkbfli.  I  gur*  the  goblet  to  the  nilicr 
Io  tench  him  tlukt  ktiMln««  alwayi  meets  iti  rewanL  I 
rtnuifled  the  InlMt  becMue  the  mut  loved  tt  better  tbMi 


be  loved  Ood.    I  iMHbad  the  gofde  into  the  ffrer  1 

be  intended  nt  ui^l-Iall  to  coounlt  a  rubbery."    TIm 

hermit  bent  his  bead  end  cried.  "  The  w«}s  of  the  Lord 

•repestflndlQsoutl  but  Hedoethall  lbln«»TClL  TmcIi 

n»e  to  eur  with  fsldi.  'Thy  viU  bo  done t *"— Pamell 

(1«7»-1717). 

In  the  Talmud  is  a  similar  and  better 
allegory.  Rabbi  Jachanan  accompanied 
Elijah  on  a  journey,  and  they  came  to  the 
house  of  a  poor  man,  whose  only  treasuie 
¥ras  a  cow.  The  man  and  his  wife  ran 
to  meet  and  welcome  the  strangers,  but 
next  morning  the  poor  man's  cow  died. 
Next  nighty  uiey  were  coldly  received  by 
a  proud,  nch  man,  who  fed  them  only 
wi^  bread  and  water ;  and  next  m<»ninff 
Elijah  sent  for  a  mason  to  repair  a  waU 
which  was  falling  down,  in  return  for  the 
hospitality  received.  Next  night,  they 
entered  a  synagogue,  and  asked,  **Wlio 
will  give  a  night's  lodging  to  two  txet" 
vellers  V  **  but  none  offered  to  do  so.  At 
parting  Elijah  said,  **  I  hope  you  will  nil 
be  made  presidents.  The  following  ni^ii 
they  were  lodged  by  the  members  of 
another  synagogue  in  the  best  hotel  of 
the  place,  and  at  parting  Elijah  said, 
"May  the  Lord  appoint  over  yon  bnt 
one  president."  The  rabbi,  unable  to 
keep  silence  any  longer,  begfi^ed  Elijah  to 
explain  the  meaning  of  his  (dealings  with 
men ;  and  Elijah  replied : 

"  In  resani  to  the  poor  man  who  reodred  oi  so  bo» 

Ktablr.  It  was  decreed  that  his  wife  was  to  die  thai  night. 
It  in  reward  of  lUs  Idndiien,  Ood  took  the  oow  instead 
or  the  wlfBi  I  repaired  the  wall  at  the  rich  miser  bcoMasa 
a  chest  of  fold  was  eoooaakd  near  the  place,  and  If  Uw 
mlacr  hod  repaired  the  wall  Im  would  liaire  discoverei  tba 
trsanire.  ImM  to  the  hihoepltable  vmvoc>>«>  'Uaf 
aaeb  roenbor  l»e  prsrideot.'  because  oo  one  can  sKrre  f 
masters.  1  said  to  the  hospitable  ttpminipm.  '  May 
have  but  one  presldsot,*  because  with  one  head  there  ( 
be  no  divisions  of  ceoasd.  Smj  not,  tbsi«fb««.  to  ths 
Lord.  'What  doest  nMuf  butsw  hi  thy  heart.  *lluaK 
not  the  Lord  of  aO  the  earth  do»  right?  **—ru  Tmtmia* 
("ThHtinOod"). 

Hermite  (THstan  T)  or  "Tristan  of 
the  Hospital,"  provost-marshal  of  France. 
He  was  the  main  instrument  in  canyiiig 
out  the  nefarious  schemes  of  Louis  XI., 
who  used  to  call  him  his  "gossip.** 
Tristan  was  a  stout,  middle-dzed  man, 
with  a  hane-dog  visage  and  ouist  re- 
pulsive smile.— ^ir  W.  Scott,  Quentm 
Durxtard  and  Anne  of  Oeterstein  (time, 
Edward  IV.). 

Hero,  daughter  of  Leonato  governor 
of  Messi  na.  She  was  of  a  quiet,  serions 
disposition,  and  formed  a  good  contrast  to 
the  gay,  witty^  rattle-pate,  called  Bea- 
trice, her  cousin.  Hero  was  about  to  be 
married  to  lord  Claudio,  when  don  John 
played  on  her  a  most  infamous  practical 
joke  out  of  malice.  He  bribed  Hero*8 
waiting-woman  to  dress  in  Hero's  clothes, 
and  to  talk  with  him  by  moonlight  from 


HERO. 


441 


HESPERIA. 


,fte  chjLmber  balcony;  he  then  induced 
CUadio  to  hide  himself  in  ^e  garden,  to 
orerhcv  what  was  said.  Claudio,  think- 
ing the  person  to  be  Hero,  was  furious, 
•od  next  day  at  the  altar  rejected  the 
bride  with  scorn.  TTie  priest,  convinced 
of  Hero*s  innocence,  gave  out  that  she 
was  dead,  the  servant  confessed  the  trick, 
don  John  took  to  flight,  and  Hero  marriod 
Oaudio  her  betrothed.  —  Shakespeare, 
Much  Ado  about  Nothing  (1600). 

J7an»  rSuTTOK],  niece  of  sir  William 
Sotton,  «nd  beloved  b^  sir  Valentine  de 
Gray.  Hero  ^*wafl  fiur  as  no  eye  ever 
Mitt  WW,  of  noble  statute,  head  of 
aati^  moald,  magnifioent  as  far  as  may 
eonaiat  with  softness,  features  fall  of 
tboai^  and  moods,  wishes  and  fancies, 
and  limbs  the  paragon  of  symmetry." 
Harin^  offended  her  lover  by  waltzmg 
with  fcnd  Athunree,  she  assumed  thegaro 
of  aqnakeress,  called  herself  **liuth,'"and 
get  mtrDdaoed  to  sir  Talentine,  who 
pieposed  marriage  to  her,  and  then  dis- 
covered Hat  Hero  was  Rath  and  Ruth 
was  Hero.— S.  Knowles,  Wotnan's  Wit, 
etc  (1838). 

Hero  and  Iieander  (3  ayL), 
Hero,  a  priestess  of  Venus,  fell  in  love 
with  Leander,  who  swam  across  the 
Hdlesnont  every  night  to  visit  her.  One 
night  be  was  drowned  in  so  doing,  and 
Hero  in  grief  threw  herself  into  the  same 
■ea. — MaasBus,  Leandtr  and  Hero, 

Hero  of  Fable  {The),  the  due  de 
Guise.  Called  by  the  French  VHero  de 
iA  FMe  (1614-1664). 

Hero  of  History  (The),  the  due 
d^nghien  r/>tini.z;£2A^n].  QtUedbythe 
French  Vaero  de  CHistoire,  This  was 
La  gnnd  Cond^  (1621-1687). 

Hero  of  Modem  Italy,  (lari- 
baldi  (1807-        ). 

Herod'otoe  of  Old  Iiondon,  J. 
8tow  (162&-1605). 


{Sir  George)^  of  Chip-chace, 

$xk  officer  with  sir  John  Foster.— Sir  W. 
Scott,  The  Monastery  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Heros'tratoe  or  Erostratos,  the 
Ephewm  who  set  iiie  to  the  temple  of 
Diana  at  Ephesus  (one  of  the  seven  won- 
ders of  the  world)  merely  to  immortalize 
bis  name.  The  Ephesians  made  it  penal 
even  to  mention  his  name. 


Herries  (Lord),  a  friend  of  queen 
MaiT  of  Scotland,  and  attending  on  her 
at  Dundrennan.  —  Sir  W.  Scott,  7%d 
Abbot  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Herring  (Good  red), 

Nraton  In  tb«  middle  wmy  of  itMrio^ 

Ara  nefthor  liii.  nor  S«h.  nor  good  red  hetriuM. 

OiTdoii,  Duk«  oi  Ouim  (ISO). 

Herring  Pond  (The),  the  ocean 
between  iht  British  Isles  and  America. 

••What  \M  yow  opinion,  pmjr.  on  the  Institutions  th« 
other  ride  of  the  Hening  Prndf-VeMHe  <^  Oe  frU^ 


Who  bam  flia  cfanreh  he  bamt  bftth  k>t  hto  name. 
/MfuMtfeN  npom  ramt  (ISSi-MlS). 


Herschel  (Sir  F.  Wm.)  discovered 
the  eighth  planet,  at  first  called  the 
Georgium  sidus,  in  honour  of  George  HI., 
and  now  called  Saturn,  In  allusion  to 
this,  Campbell  says  he 

Gare  the  (jrie  of  benven  another  ttriof. 

Herta,  now  called  St  Kilda,  one  of 
the  Heb'ndfis. 

Hertford  (The  marquis  of),  in  the 
court  of  Charlfts  II.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Woodstock  (time,  Commonwealth). 

Her  Trippa,  meant  for  Henry 
Cornelias  Agnppa  of  Nettesheim,  phi- 
losopher and  nhysician.  "Her"  is  a 
contraction  of  Wricus,  and  "Trippa"a 
play  on  the  words  Agrippa  and  tripe, — 
Rabelais,  Pantag'mei,  in,  25  (1646). 

Herwig,  king  of  Hel'igoland,  be- 
trothed to  Gudrun,  daughter  of  king 
Hettel  (Attila),  She  was  carried  off  by 
Hartmuth  king  of  Norway,  and  as  she 
refused  to  many  him,  was  put  to  the 
most  menial  work.  Herwig  conveyed  an 
amiv  into  Norwav,  utterly  defeated*  Harc- 
muth,  liberated  Gudrun,  and  married  her. 
— Gudrun,  a  German  Epic  of  the  thir- 
teenth century. 

Her'sog  (Duke),  eomraander-in-chief 
of  the  ancient  Teutons  (Germans), 
The  herzog  was  elected  by  tne  freemen 
of  the  tribe,  but  in  times  of  war  and 
dapgcr,  when  several  tribes  united,  the 
princes  selected  a  leader,  who  was  alse 
called  a  "  herzog,"  simiUr  to  the  Gaulish 
"brennus"  or  "bren,"  and  the  Celtic 
**  pendragon  "  or  head  chief. 

Heskett  (Ralph),  landlord  of  the 
village  ale-house  where  Robin  Oig  and 
Harry  Wakefield  fought. 

Dame  Heskett,  Ralph's  wife.— Sir  W. 
Scott,    The  Two  Drovers  (time,  George 

MXMmJm 

Hesper'ia.  Italy  was  so  called  by 
the  Greeks,  because  it  was  to  them  the 


HESPERIDES. 


44S 


HICKORY. 


"Western  I^nd.**  The  Ronuuw,  for  a 
■imiUr  reason,  transferred  the  name  to 
Spain. 

Hesoer'idea  (4  syt,).  The  Hetper^ian 
Field,  ilie  He^peridgs  were  the  women 
who  guarded  the  golden  apples  which 
Earth  gave  to  Herd  at  her  marriage  with 
Zeus  (Jove),  Thev  were  assisted  by  the 
dragon  I^on.  The  Hesperian  Fielas  are 
the  orchards  in  which  the  golden  apples 
grew.  The  island  is  one  of  the  Gape 
Verd  Isles,  in  the  Atlantic. 

WDtthoaflr 
WItb  iMiKbtnf  Aotamn  to  Om  AUaatk  idai, 
And  ranice  vith  him  tb'  HesperUn  fleldi,  aud  IM 
Whera'cr  hU  flngera  touch  the  fhiltfiil  (ror*, 
lb*  bwaicbw  riioot  with  goldt 

Akeiulde.  PUatum  nf  ImaginatUn,  L  (1744). 

Hesperus,  the  knight  called  by 
Tennyson  *'  Evening  Star ;  **  but  called 
in  the  History  of  Prince  Arthur^  "the 
Green  Knight*'  or  sir  Pertolope  (3  syl). 
One  of  the  four  brothers  who  kept  the 
passages  of  Castle  Perilous. — Tennyson, 
Idylls  ("Qareth  and  Lynettc**) ;  sir  T. 
Malory,  History  of  Prinx  Arthur,  i.  127 
(1470). 

*«*  It  is  a  manifest  blunder  to  call  the 
Green  Knight  "Hesperus  the  Evening 
Star,"  and  the  Blue  Knight  the  "  Morn- 
ing Star."  The  old  romance  makes- the 
rombat  with  the  "Green  Knight"  at dawtt^ 
and  with  the  "Blue  Knight"  at  sunset. 
The  error  has  arisen  from  not  bearing  in 
mind  that  our  forefathers  began  the  day 
with  the  preceding  eve,  and  ended  it  at 
sunset. 

Hettly  {May)t  an  old  servant  of 
Phvie  Deans.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Hectrt  of 
Midlothian  (time,  George  II.). 

Heukbane  (Mrs.)^  the  butcher's 
wife  at  Fairport,  and  a  friend  of  Mrs. 
Mailsetter.— SirW.  Scott,  The  Antiquary 
(time,  George  III.). 

Hew,  son  of  lady  Helen  of  "Merry- 
laud  town  "  (Miian)y  enticed  by  an  apple 
presented  to  him  bv  a  Jewish  maiden, 
who  then  "  stabbed  him  with  a  penknife, 
rolled  the  body  in  lead,  and  cast  it  into  a 
well."  Lady  Helen  went  in  search  of 
her  child,  and  its  ghost  cried  out  from 
the  bottom  of  the  well : 

The  land  It  wondroos  hmr*.  mWbm  t 

Tbfl  well  Li  wondroos  deep : 
A  k«en  penknife  atJclu  in  my  heart ; 

A  word  Idounaeapelk. 

Percjr,  JttHqtm,  L  & 

He  wit  (Godfrey  Per  tram)  ^  natural 
son  of  Mr.  Godfrey  Bertram.— -Sir  W. 
Scott,  Ouy  Mannering  (time,  George  II.). 

Hiawa'tha^  the  prophet  teacher,  son 


of  Mudjekee'wis  {the  west  wind)  and 
Weno'nah  daughter  of  Noko'mis.  He 
represents  the  progress  of  civilization 
among  the  North  American  Indians. 
Hiawatha  first  wrestled  with  Monda'min 
(maize)j  and,  having  subdued  it,  gare  it 
to  man  for  food.  He  then  tanj^t  man 
nav^ation;  thai  he  subdued  Mishe 
Nah^ua  (t/ie  sturgeon)^  and  tau^t  the 
Indians  how  to  make  oil  therefrom  fur 
winter.  His  next  exploit  was  against 
the  magician  M^ssog'non,  the  author 
of  dis^ue  and  d^th ;  having  slain  thia 
monster,  he  tauf^t  man  the  science  of 
medicine.  He  then  married  Minnehalia 
{laughintj  water),  and  taught  man  to  be 
the  huslmnd  of  one  wife,  and  the  comforts 
of  domestic  peace.  Lastly,  he  taught 
man  picture-writing.  WliKen  the  white 
men  came  with  the  gospel,  Hiawatiia 
ascended  to  the  kingdom  of  Pone'mah, 
the  land  of  the  hernfter. — ^Longfellow, 
Hiatoatha. 

Hiau>atha*8  Moc^oasons,  When  Hiawa- 
tha put  on  his  moccasons,  he  could 
measure  a  mile  at  a  single  stride. 


He  iMul  aioeawons  endMMtod. 
Mufie  moccMoia  tt  deer-rido : 
When  he  bouud  Uiem  round  hb  ankta 
At  e«dk  Mrlde  A  nllo  he  meMOTBd : 

LoukMIow,  niawmVkm.  Iv. 

Hiawatha's  Great  Friends^  GhibialKM 
(the  sweetest  of  all  musicians)  and 
Kwa'sind  (the  strongest  of  all  mortals). 
— Longfellow,  Htawatha,  vi. 

Hibeiynia,  Ireland.  I'emS  is  sim  ply 
a  contraction  of  the  same  word.  Pliny 
says  that  "Irish  mothers  feed  their  in- 
fants witii  swords  instead  of  spoons." 

Hie  Jacet,  an  epitaph,  a  funeraL 
The  first  words  on  old  tombstone  = 
Here  lies  .  .  .  etc. 


The  merit  of  •enrioe  b  sridom  attrfboted  to  the 
.  .  .  periormer.  I  would  turn  that  dmm  ...  or  hie 
Jaeet  [that  i$,  4tt  in  mf  attemu  to  §tt  fti— Shake- 
ipeare.  AU^b  wm  A<u  Mnda  IKeH  (lflW)L 

Hick'athrift  {Tom  or  Jack\  a  poor 
labourer  in  the  time  of  tiie  Conquest,  of 
such  enormous  strength  that  he  killed, 
with  an  axletree  and  cartwheel,  a  huge 
^iant,  who  lived  in  a  marsh  at  Tylney, 
m  Norfolk.  He  was  knighted,  and  made 
governor  of  Thanet.  Hickathrift  is  some- 
times called  Hickafric, 

When  a  man  dta  down  to  vrito  a  htatorj.  tbongh  it  be 
but  the  hirtoiT  of  Jade  Rlckatbrift.  ...  be  kuows  no 
more  than  hit  Iiedi  what  Mi  ...  be  Is  to  meet  with  In 
hit  wav.—Steme. 

Hiok'ory  {Old),  general  Andrew 
Jackson,  lie  was  first  called  "Tough," 
then  "  Tough  as  Hickory,"  and,  lastly, 
"  Old  Hickory."    Another  story  is  thai 


HIERCCLE3. 


443 


HIGHLAND  MART. 


in  1813,  when  engaged  in  var  with  the 
Creek  Indians,  he  i&l  short  of  supplies, 
and  fed  his  men  on  hickory  nuts  (1767- 
1845) 

*«*  Tliis  general  Andrew  Jackson 
most  not  be  confounded  with  general 
Thomas  Jackson,  better  known  as 
^  Stooe-wmU  **  Jackson  (1826>1863). 

Hi'erocles  (4  s^/.)«  tb«  fint  person 
who  compiled  jokes  and  bon  mott.  After 
a  life-long  lAbonr,  he  got  together  twenty- 
one,  which  he  left  to  the  world  as  his 
keacy.  Hence  arose  the  [^irase,  An 
mrocfleoM  t^acy^  no  legacy  at  all,  a 
legacy  of  empHty  promises,  or  a  legacy  of 
no  worth. 

One  of  his  anecdotes  is  that  of  a  man 
who  wanted  to  sell  his  house,  and  carried 
about  a  bnck  to  show  as  a  specimen 
of  it. 

B*  fkflt  trln  to  Tttonm&od  EMuupmn  bf  trteet 
vfQ  noeMd  Hk*  tha  podut  lu  HI«roelM. 
he  oAnd  hb  hooie  Cor  ale.  carried  a  brick 
•  a  nndmwi.— Dr.  Johasoo.  Bnfoicm  to 


Hieron'imo,  the  chief  character  of 
Thomas  Kyd*s  drama  in  two  parts,  pt.  L 
being  called  Hieronimo,  and  pt.  ii.  The 
Spamah  Traaedy  or  Hienmuno  is  Mad 
Again.  In  the  latter  play,  Horatio,  only 
son  of  Hieronimo,  sitting  with  Belim- 
{le'ria  in  an  alcove,  is  murdered  by  his 
riral  Baltharjir  and  the  lady's  brother 
Lorenzo.  The  murderers  hang  the  dead 
body  on  a  tree  in  the  garden,  and  Hie- 
ronimo, aroused  b^  the  screams  of  Be- 
liaperia,  mahing  mto  the  garden,  sees 
the  dead  body  of  his  son,  and  goes  raving 
'  (1588). 


Higden  (Mrs.  Betty)^  an  old  woman 
nearly  four  score,  very  poor,  but  hating 
the  onion-house  more  than  she  feared 
death.  BeUy  Higden  kept  a  mangle, 
and  "  minded  young  children  "  at  four- 
nence  a  week.  A  poor  workhouse  lad 
named  Sloppy  helped  her  to  turn  the 
mangle.  Mrs.  Boffin  wished  to  adopt 
Johnny,  Betty*s  infant  grandchild,  but 
be  died  in  the  Qiildren's  Hospital. 


one  of  those  oM  vomen.  was   Mra.   Battj 
IHiMf.  vfatt.  br  dint  of  an  Indooiitablc  porpoae  aud  a 
eonatttmkin.  fl^t  ant  maitr  jroan ;  an  wtiv*  old 
mtth  a  brisbl  dark  ejo  and  a  mulut«  be*,  yot 


Higg,  **  the  son  of  Snell,**  the  lame 
witness  at  the  trial  of  Rebecca. — Sir  VV. 
Keott,  Itanhoe  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Higgen,  Prigg,  Snapp,  and  Fer- 
ret, knavish  beggars  in  ihe  Bctj- jars' 
BusJiy  a  drama  by  Beaumont  and  Flet- 
cher (ICii). 


Hi^h  and  Ijow  Heels,  two  fac- 
tions in  Lilliput.  So  called  from  the 
high  and  low  heels  of  their  shoes,  badges 
of  the  two  factions.  The  High-heels 
(tories  and  the  high-church  fxirty)  were 
the  most  friendly  to  the  ancient  consti- 
tution of  the  empire,  but  the  eoiperor 
employed  the  Low-heels  (whig$  and  low- 
churchmen)  as  his  miaisters  of  state.— 
Swift,  ChUliver'i  Travels  ("LUliput," 
1726). 

High  Iiilb  Below  Stairs,  a  farce 
by  the  Rev.  James  Townley.  Mr.  Level, 
a  wealthy  commoner,  suspects  his  ser- 
vants of  *' wasting  his  substance  in 
riotous  living'; "  so,  prctcndin]^  to  go  to 
his  country  seat  in  Devonshire,  he  as- 
sumes the  chssMter  of  a  counlqr  bump- 
kin from  Essex,  and  places  himself 
under  the  char^^e  of  his  own  butler,  to 
learn  the  duties  of  a  gentleman's 
servant  As  the  master  is  away, 
Philip  (the  butler)  invites  a  large  party 
to  supper,  and  supplies  them  with  the 
choicest  wines.  The  servants  all  assume 
their  masters*  titles,  and  address  each 
other  as  "  My  lord  duke,"  "  sir  Harry," 
"  My  lady  Charlotte,"  »♦  My  hidy  Bab," 
etc.,  and  mimic  the  airs  of  their  em- 
ployers. In  the  midst  of  the  bnnqoct, 
Lovel  appears  in  his  true  character, 
breaks  up  the  party,  and  dismisses  his 
household,  retaining  only  one  of  the  lot, 
named  Tom,  to  whom  he  entrusts  tiie 
charge  of  the  silver  and  plate  (1759). 

Highgate  (a  suburb  of  London). 
Drayton  says  that  Highgate  was  so 
called  because  Brute,  the  mythical  Tro- 
jan founder  of  the  British  empire,  **  ap- 
pointed it  for  a  gate  of  London ; "  but 
others  tell  us  that  it  was  so  called  from 
a  gate  set  up  there,  some  400  years 
ago,  to  receive  tolls  for  the  bishop  of 
London. 

Iban  RIshgate  boasta  his  «a/  which  men  do  moit  tn- 

quant,  .  .  . 
Appolntad  for  a  t%t«  of  London  to  hare  been, 
when  SffK  the  aiiffatjr  bnite  that  dtjr  dM  becin. 

Dnortoo.  i^ftbkm.  srL  DOS). 

Highland  Mary,  immortalized  by 
Robert  Bums,  is  generally  thought  to  be 
Mar\'  Campbell ;  but  it  seems  more  likely 
to  be  Mary  Morison,  **  one  of  the  poet's 
youthful  loves."  Probably  the  songs, 
Will  ye  go  to  the  Indies^  my  MaryJ  High' 
land  Mary,  Mary  Morison^  and  To  Mary 
in  Heaven^  were  all  written  on  one  and 
the  same  Mary,  although  some  think 
HigUand  Mary  and  Mary  in  Heaven  re- 
fer to  Mary  Campbell,  who,  we  are 
told,  was  the  poet's  tirst  love. 


HIGHWAYMEN. 


444 


HJPPOLYTA. 


Highwaymen  (Noted), 

CiJiuDB  Duval  (♦-1670).  Introdaced 
in  White  Fiictrs^  by  Miss  Robinson. 

Jamks  Whitket  (1660-1694),  aged  34. 

Jonathan  Wild  of  Wolverhampton 
(1682-1725),  ag^  43.  Hero  and  UUe  of 
a  novel  by  Fielding  (1744). 

Jack  Shbppard  of  Spitalfields  (1701- 
1724),  aged  24.  Hero  and  title  of  a 
novel  by  Defoe  (1724) ;  and  one  by  H. 
Ainsworth  (1839). 

Dick  Tubpin,  execnted  at  York 
(1711-1739).  Hero  of  a  novel  by  H. 
Ainsworth. 

Galloping  Dick,  executed  at  Avles- 
bury  in  18<X). 

Captain  Grant,  the  Irish  highway- 
man, eJMputed  at  MarylgttPugh^  in  1816. 

Samukl  Grkknwood,  executed  at  Old 
Bailey,  1822. 

William  Rea,  execnted  at  Old  Bailey, 
1828. 


I'gre  (2  syl.)t  a  roaring  of  the 
waters  when  the  tide  comes  up  the 
H  umber. 

For  when  injr  Him  comas  I  tnak*  wsf  ellb«r  ihore 
Ifao  txwnbto  wiA  the  sound  that  I  afiu-  do  Miid. 

DrayUw.  /^atpcOkm,  xxvUL  dSni 

HilariUB  (Brother),  refectioner  at 
St.  Mary's.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Moiws- 
iery  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Hildebrand,  pope  Gregory  VII. 
(1013,  1073-108.')).  He  demanded  for 
the  Church  the  right  of  **  investiture  **  or 

Sresentation  to  all  ecclesiastical  benefices, 
ae  superiority  of  the  ecclesiastical  to  the 
temporal  authority,  enforced  the  celibacy 
of  all  clerg>-nien,  resisted  simony,  and 
greatly  advanced  the  domination  of  the 
popes. 

We  noad  aootlMr  Hfldolmad  to  tbakm 
And  puriiy  us. 

Longfellow.  TktOtldeH  Impend  (1981). 

Nit*debrand  (Meister),  the  Nestor  of 
German  romance,  a  magician  and  cham- 
pion. 

"*i>*  Maugis,  among  the  paladins  of 
Charlemagne,  sustained  a  similar  twofold 
character. 

Hil'debrod  (Jacob  duke)^  president 
of  the  Alsatian  Club.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Fortunet  of  Nigel  (time,  James  I.). 

Hil'desheim.  The  monk  of  Hilde- 
iheim,  doubtinghow  a  thousand  vears  with 
God  could  be  '*only  one  day,^  listened 
to  the  melody  of  a  bird  in  a  green  wood, 
as  he  supposed,  for  only  three  minutes, 
but  found  that  he  bad'  in  reality  been 
listening  to  it  fur  a  hundred  years. 


Hill   (Vr,  John),  whose  ppendonrni 

was  "  Mrs.  Glaspe."  Garrick  said  of  hiin : 

For  fhnin  vid  fuecs. 
Hia  •qiml  therr  warn  te, 
Porhbbrc«iV«s>li7i^  aadbiiplqprieafwwIiL 

Hillfiry  (Tom),  apprentice  of  Mr. 
Lawford  the  town  clerk.  Afterwards 
captain  Hillary.— Sir  W.  Scott,  TAe 
Siuyeon^e  Dawjhter  (time,  (xeorge  II.). 

Hinch'up  {Ikane),  a  peasant,  at  the 
execution  of  M^  Murdocnson.--i5ir  W. 
Scott,  Hecart  of  Midiothian  (time,  George 
II.). 

Hin'da,  daughter  of  Al  Hassan  the 
Arabian  emir  of  Persia.  Her  lover  Hafed, 
a  gheber  or  fire-worehipper,  was  the 
sworn  enemy  of  the  enur.  AI  Hassan 
sent  Hindu  away,  but  she  was  taken 
captive  by  Hafed  s  party.  Hafed,  being 
betrayed  to  Al  Hassan,  burnt  himself  to 
death  in  the  sacred  fire,  and  Hinda  ca*»t 
herself  headlong  into  the  sea. — T.  Moore, 
Laila  Ecokh  (*'The  Fire-Worshippera,** 
1817). 

Hinges  (Harmonkms),  The  doors  of 
the  harem  of  Fakreddin  turned  on  har- 
monious hinges. — W.  Beckford,  VcUhek 
(1784). 

Hinzelmann,  the  most  famous 
house-spirit  or  kobold  of  German  legend. 
He  lived  four  years  in  the  old  casue  ol 
HndemOhlen,  and  then  disappeared  for 
ever  (1588). 

Hipout  Hill,  famous  for  cowslips. 
The  rendezvous  of  Pigwi^gen  and  queen 
Mab  was  a  cowslip  on  Hipcut  HilL — ^M. 
Drayton,  Nymphidia  (1563-1631). 

Hip)>ocrene  (3  «y/.),  the  fountain 
of  the  Muses.  Longfellow  calls  poetic 
inspiration  *^  a  maddening  draught  of 
Hippocrene." — GMet  of  Life, 

Hipi>orito.  So  Browning  spells  the 
name  of  the  son  of  Theseus  (2  syl.)  and 
An'tiopS.  Hinpolito  fled  all  intercoume 
with  woman.  Phiedra,  his  mother-in-law. 
tried  to  seduce  him,  and  when  he  resisted 
her  solicitations,  accused  him  to  her 
husband  of  attempting  to  dishonour  her. 
After  death  he  was  restored  to  life  under 
the  name  of  Virbius  (vir-his^  **  twice  a 
man").     (See  Hippolytos.) 


HyppoUtOk  •  fooUi  who  imtw  knew  » ' 


Browning 


Hipi>oryta,  queen  of  the  Am'asons, 
and  daughter  of  Mars.  She  was  famous 
for  a  girdle  given  her  by  the  war-god, 
which  Herculds  had  to  obtain  possesaion 
of,  as  one  of  his  twelve  labours. 


BLIPPOLTTA,  445 

\*  Shskespeftre  has  introdnced  Hip- 
poIrU  in  his  MkUtunmer  Nighfs  Dream, 
lud  betiotha  her  to  Thesens  (2  sgl.) 
Mit  of  Athens  ;  but  according  to  classic 
&ble,  it  was  her  aiater  An'tiopd  (4  syl.) 
whoBsrried  Theaeoa. 

Bippoi*yta^  a  rich  lady  wantonly  in  lore 
with  Amoldo.  By  the  cross  purposes  of 
tbe  plot,  Leopold  a  sea-captain  is  en- 
Sffloored  of  Hippolyta,  Amoldo  is  con« 
tncted  to  ^  the  chaste  Zeno'cia,  and 
ZeOfOda  \b  dishonourably  pursued  by  the 
foremor  count  Clo'dio. — Beaumont  and 
Ftetcher,  The  Custom  of  tha  Country 
(IW7). 

Hii 
•on 

«f  Venaa  by  disregarding  her  love,  imd 

Yenas,  in    zevenee,  made  Phsdra  (his 

Bother-m-law)  faJl  in  love  with  him,  and 

vhen  Hif^tolytos  repulsed  her  advances, 

ihe  acciued    him    to    her  husband    of 

Kekix^    to     diabonoor    her.      Theseus 

fnyed   Neptune    to   punish  the  young 

sua,  and  the  sea-^oa,  while  the  youn^ 

man  was  driying  in  his  chariot,  scared 

&e  horses  with  sea-calves.    Hippolytos 

was  thrown  from  the  chariot  ana  killed, 

W  Diana  restored  him  to  life  again.  (See 

HlPrOLTTO.) 

.     ifafaMdrwoaUtettfeDluui 
lb  nlww  ndi  »  Teaan 
.  A  JTm  ir«y  UFrngOkL  iMO.  HI.  1  (IStt). 

Hippom'enes  (4  tyL),  a  Grecian 
prince  who  outstripped  Atalanta  in  a 
loot-iaee,  by  dropping  three  golden 
•lipUs,  which  she  stopped  to  pick  up. 
B^  this  cooquest  he  won  Atalanta  to 
wife. 


HOB. 


lippolytos   (in  Latin,  Hippolytua), 

of  Thesena.     He  provoked  the  anger 

VcuBB  br  diaresrardiner  her  love,  and 


Km  kMb  fai  iMi  ngioa  «r  vondm.  I  Sod 
Aat  l^liUbqCwl  Fknc7  Imrw  Initb  itf  bahliid  { 
w.  at  Inrt,  Uk«  HIppoRi«B4«,  tunn  bcr  utfajr 
%  tte  tahfao  UmAinw  he  fltaci  in  her  war. 

T.  Moore. 


Hippopofamas,  sjrmbol  of  impiety 
tad  tDgratitade.  Lear  says  that  *4n- 
^atitnde  in  a  child  is  more  hideous  than 
Me  sea  monster.** 

J^  k^ppovotaMH  UDeth  Ui  lire,  and  ravWielh  hb 


Hippot'ades    (4   syl.),    EShis    the 
vind-god,  son  of  Hippota. 

fa.j< 


,  v"^  ev  "IB^'1  wBBSi 

-  from  off  each  beeUd  proiBoatoiy  I 

Ihw  kaew  not  of  Mi  Morjr ; 

Aa4asi  HippetMMB  their  auver  brlnab 

Ihal  iMtn  bfael  wai  from  hlf  dnnceoo  «tived. 

MQtoii.  LtrotdoM,  n  etc.  (1S38). 

Hiren^  a  strumpet.  From  Peelers  play 
nt  TvkisA  MaAomgt  and  Jlyren  the  Faw 
OrteJk  (1584). 

taItalmcalM««M(rt«aa«i;  ln8petatea«Nayy«rl(«; 

laBdsnh. . .  s' 


"Then  be  ;«f«ae  In  ttie  eae  of  the  worU.  Cyrenet 
i^irvTM,  as  tbejr  are  ..ow  called.  WlMUaniunbiwor  lh«e 
drana  [Birtul  c^^cltatrim.  ooorteghiam.  fai  plain  Bngiha, 
harioUi  nrlmoieaaaonsMiMl''— AdnoMk  gptHimml  jToefr 
gator  (lOlS). 

Hiroux  (Jean),  the  French  *'Bill 
Sikes,"  with  all  the  tngic  elements 
eliminated. 

Pr0$.  Where  do  70a  live  t    Jmtn.  Havvn  t  foC  aw. 
Pr«$.  Where  vera  jrou  bom  T    Jean.  At  Gabird. 
Prm.  Where  la  thatt    /eon.  At  Oabinl. 
frm,  What  department?    Jaan.  Oalard. 

Henri  Moonler.  Pojmlar  SeenM  drtmn  with 
Ptnand/nkliaU). 

Hislop  (John),  the  old  carrier  at  Old 
St.  Ronan^s.— Sir  W.  Scott.  8t,  Ronan'i 
Weil  (time,  George  III.). 

Hispa'nia,  Spain. 

Histor'ioHB,  the  nom  d$  plume  of 
the  Hon.  E.  Vernon  Harcourt,  for  many 
years  the  most  slashing  writer  in  the 
Saturday  £evieto,  and  a  writer  in  the 
l^mes. 

History  {Father  of),  Herod'otos.  the 
Greek  historian,  is  so  called  by  Cicero 
(B.C.  484^08). 

History  (Father  of  Iksdesktstioal), 
Polygnotos  of  Thaos  (fl.  b.c.  4<>8-486). 
The  Venerable  Bede  is  so  called  some- 
times (672-735). 

Jiietory  {Father  of  Fnmoh\  Andre 
Duchesne  (1684-1640). 

HiBtrio-mastix,  a  tirade  against 
theatrical  exhibitions,  by  WiUiam  Pr\-nne 
(1632).  ^ 

Ho'amen,  an  Indian  tribe  settled  on 
a  south  branch  of  the  Missouri,  having 
Az'tlan  for  their  imperial  city.  The 
As'tecas  conauered  the  tribe,  deposed 
the  queen,  ana  seized  their  territory  bv 
right  of  comiueet.  When  Madoc  land^ 
on  the  American  shore,  he  took  the  part  of 
the  Hoamen,  and  succeeded  in  restoring 
them  to  their  rights.  The  Aztecas  then 
migrated  to  Mexico  (twelfth  century).— 
Sonthey,  Madoo  (1805). 

Hoare  (1  syL),  87,  Fleet  Street, 
London.  Toe  golden  bottle  displayed 
over  the  fanlight  is  the  sign  of  James 
Hoare,  a  cooper,  who  founded  the  bank. 
The  legend  is  that  it  contains  the  leather 
bottle  or  purse  of  James  Hoare,  and  the 
half-crown  with  which  he  started  busi- 
ness in  1677. 

Hob  Miller  of  Tw^'ford,  an  insur- 
gent—Sir W.  Scott,  The  Betrothed 
(time,  Henry  II.). 

Hob  or  Happer,  miller  at  St 
Mary*B  0>nvent. 


HOBBES*S  YOTAGE. 


446 


HOBSON. 


Mysie  Bapper^  the  miller's  daughter. 
She  marries  sir  Picrcie  Shafton. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  The  Monastery  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Hobbes's  Voya^,  a  leap  in  the 

dark.    Thomas  Hobbes,  on  the  point  of 

death,  said,  "Now  I  am  about  to  take  my 

last  voyafi^e,  a  great  leap  in  the  dark 

(16S&-1679). 

Tb  etiough.  ru  not  fiiU.  80  now  I  am  In  for 
HobbM'n  Yoy«gd  a  great  leap  in  the  dark  [tki$  leap  wot 
iMotrimoniii,  —  Vanbni^   Th4   FivmiMd    Wif*,  r.  S 

Hob'bididanoe  (4  syL\  the  prince 
of  dumbness,  and  one  of  the  five  fiends 
that  possessed  "poor  Tom." — Shake- 
speare, King  LeaVj  act  iv.  sc.  1  (1G05). 

*^*  This  name  is  taken  from  Harsnett's 
Dectaration  of  Egregious  FopUh  ImpoS" 
tures  (1561-1631). 

Hobbie  O'Sorbie'trees,  one  of  the 
huntsmen  near  Charlie's  Hope  farm. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Guy  Mannermg  (time,  George 

Hob'bima  (The  English),  John 
Crome  of  Norwich,  whose  last  words  were : 
**  O  Hobbima,  Hobbima,  how  I  do  love 
thee!"  (1769-1821). 

ffob'bima  (The  Scotch),  P.  Nasmyth 
(1831-        ). 

*4i*  Minderhout  Hobbima,  a  famous 
landscape  painter  of  Amsterdam  (1638- 
1709). 

Hobbinol.    (See  Hobinol.) 

Hobbler  or  Clopinel,  Jehan  de 
Mcung,  the  French  poet,  who  was  lame 
(1260-1320).  Meung  was  called  by  his 
contemporaries  Pere  de  t  Eloquence, 

*«*  Tyrtnus,  the  Greek  el^iac  poet, 
was  called  "Hobbler"  because  he  intro- 
duced the  alternate  pentameter  verse, 
which  18  one  foot  shorter  than  the  old 
heroic  metre. 

Ifobbler  (The  Rev.  Dr,\  at  Ellieslaw 
Castle,  one  of  the  Jacobite  conspirators 
with  the  laird  of  Ellieslaw. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
2'he  Black  Dwarf  (time,  Anne). 

Hobby-de-Hoy,  a  lad  from  14  to 
21. 

1-7.  Th«  flnt  nren  yean,  brliw  op  as  a  child ; 
7-14  The  next  to  lenminf.  for  waxing  too  wild ; 
14-Sl   Tlie  next,  to  keep  under  At  Hobbard  de  Uojr ; 
Sl-a&  The  next,  a  nian.  attd  no  longer  a  bojr. 

T.  Tuner,  Fim  Hundred  PoUUs  iff  Oood 
Utubandrp.  1.  (15S7). 

Hobby-horse,  in  the  morris-dance, 
a  pasteboitrd  horse  which  a  man  carries 
and  dances  about  in,  displaying  tricks  of 
legerdemain,  such  as  threading  a  needle, 
running  daggers  through  his  cheeks,  etc. 
The  horse  mid  a  ladle  in  its  mouth  for 


the  collection  of  half-pence.  The  oolour 
of  the  hobby-horse  was  a  reddish  white, 
and  the  man  inside  wore  a  doublet,  red 
on  one  side  and  yellow  on  the  other.  (See 
Morris-Daxcb.) 

CTo.  Tbejr  iboald  be  moRi^daaean  bf  tbdr  single.  b«t 
they  have  no  napkim. 

Coe.  No.  nor  a  bflMiy-lion&— Ban  JoBaoo.  Tkt  M^ta- 
morpkotmi  Gijiitm. 

Hobby-horse,  a  favourite  pursuit,  a  cor- 
ruption of  hobby-hause  ^"  hawk-tossing  '*)f 
a  favourite  diversion  m  the  days  of  faJ- 
conry.  The  term  has  become  confounded 
with  the  wicker  hobby-horse,  in  which 
some  one,  being  placed,  was  made  to  take 
part  in  a  morru-dance. 

Why  ean't  you  ride  your  hobby-hone  wfthoot  deaWng 
to  plaoe  BM  on  a  pOlhw  Miind  rtmt  Wiartdan,  r*« 
OrMe.  L  1  (1778). 

Ifobby-horse  (The),  one  of  the  masqneiB 
at  Kennaqnhair  Abbey.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
The  Abbot  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Hobinol  or  Hobbinol  is  (jabriel 
Harvey,  physician,  LL.D.,  a  friend  and 
college  aium  of  Edmund  Spenser  the 
poet.  Spenser,  in  his  ecL  iv.,  makes 
Thenot  mauire,  "What  gars  thee  to 
weep  ?  "  ana  Hobinol  replies  it  is  because 
his  friend  Colin,  having  been  flouted  by 
Rosalind  (eel.  i.),  has  broken  his  )npe 
and  seems  heart-broken  with  grief. 
Thenot  then  begs  Hobinol  to  singto  him 
one  of  Colin*s  own  songs,  and  Hobinol 
sings  the  lay  of  **£lisa  queen  of  the 
shepherds"  (queen  Elizabeth),  daughter 
of  Syrinx  and  Pan  (Anne  noleyn  and 
Henr^  VIII.),  He  says  Phoebus  thrust 
out  his  golden  h«ul  to  gaze  on  her,  and 
was  amazed  to  see  a  sun  on  earth  brighter 
and  more  dazzling  than  his  own.  The 
Graces  requested  she  might  make  a  fourth 
grace,  and  she  was  received  amongst 
uicm  and  teigned  with  them  in  heaven. 
The  shepherds  then  strewed  flowers  to 
the  queen,  and  Elisa  dismissed  them,  say- 
ing that  at  the  proper  season  she  would 
reward  them  with  npe  damsons  (ed.  iv.). 
Eel.  ix.  is  a  dialogue  between  Hobinol  and 
Diggon  Davie,  upon  Popish  abuses.  (See 
DiGooN  Davie.) — Spoiser,  Shephearde^s 
Calendar  (1572). 

HobnePia,  a  shepherdess,  in  love  with 
Lubberkin,  who  disregarded  her.  She 
tried  by  spells  to  win  ^  love,  and  after 
every  spell  she  said : 

with  my  sharp  hnel  I  thnt  Umee  nuuk  Uke  grooni. 
And  turn  me  thrice  around,  around,  around. 

Gay.  Pmittrai,  tv.  (1714). 

(An  imitation  of  Virgil's  Ed,,  viiL 
"Phannaceutria.") 

Hob'son  (Tobias),  a  carrier  who  lived 


HOCHSPRlliGEN. 


447 


HOLDENOUGH. 


at  Cambridge  in  the  Beventeenth  centuiT. 
Ha  ke|»t  a  liverj  stable,  but  obliged  tne 
nnivenity  atadents  to  take  his  hocks  in 
rotation.  Hence  the  term  BobaotCt 
choice  came  to  signify  **this  or  none.** 
Milton  (in  1660)  wrote  two  hamorons 
poems  on  the  death  of  the  old  carrier. 

Hochspxin^en  {The  young  duke 
ef),  introoiacad  m  Donneihugel's  narra- 
tiTe.--Sir  W.  Scott,  Anne  of  Geier$tem 
(time,  Edward  lY.). 

Hocus  (Humphry),  "the  attorney** 
into  whoae  hanoa  John  Bull  and  his 
friends  pot  the  law-euit  they  carried  on 
against  Lewis  Baboon  {Louie  XIV,). 
01  course,  Humphry  Hocus  is  John 
GhnrdiiU,  duke  of  Marlborough,  who 
commanded  the  army  employed  against 
the  Grand  Monarque. 

Ilrifp  WM  am  old  eonoiog  attorney ;  and  tboogh  ttib 
wm  tke  ant  eoMUanble  wmhewM •twonocad  in.  he 

riM.  Be  alvayB  kept  anod  deriu.  Hb  loved  money.  *a« 
^MvCk^aaBMd,  9««  food  vonlt,  and  wMoid  loat  bk 

fill He  meMod  plentiAiQy  for  bb  lunUy  :  hut 

he  keod  kkeaeir  kattcr  then  them  alL  Tbe  neishboan 
ssened  Itet  he  «m  hen-pocked,  vhich  waelmpoMlble  by 
■lb  e  illi  ttiiiuA  irmien  en  hk  wtte  wm {M*  «<f«  «m« 
edi^ <M  eiifiifJ.--Dr.  ArtMHwot.  Mittmrf  ^fJohm 

Hodei'rali  (3  sy/.),  husband  of  Zei'- 
nab  (2  ty/.)  and  father  of  Thalaba.  He 
died  while  Thalaba  was  a  mere  lad.— 
Sootbej,  Thalaba  the  DeMtroyer,  1.  (1797). 

Hodeken  (i>.  lUtie  hat),  a  German 
kobold  or  domestic  fairy,  noted  for  his 
littie  felt  hat. 

Hd'der,   the   Scandinavian    god   of 

darknfiw,  ^rpical  of  night.    He  is  called 

the  blind  old  god.     Balder  in  the  god  of 

li^t,  tyjMcal  of  day.  According  to  fable, 

Uflder  killed  Balder  with  an  arrow  made 

of  mistletoe,  bat  the  gods  restored  him  to 

life  again. 

BSder.tWbOirfoUfod. 
WhoM  fcet  we  tboi  with  dlanea. 

LongleOov.  Ttgntt'$  Dtatk. 

Hod^^  Gammer  Gurton's  ^oodman, 
wbooe  breeches  she  was  repainng  when 
she  lost  her  needle.— Mr.  S.  Master  of 
Arts,  Gammer  OurtarCs  Needle  (1551). 

*«*  Mr.  S.  is  said  to  be  J.  Still,  after- 
wards bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells,  but  in 
1551  he  was  only  eight  years  old. 


_  {John),  one  of  Waverley's 
■errants.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Waverley  (time, 
George  11.). 

Hodifet  {Joe),  landlord  of  Bertram,  by 
the  Uke  near  Merwyn  Hall.— Sir  W. 
Scott,  Quy  Mannering  (time,  George  II.). 

Hod^'son  {Gaffer),  a  puritan. — Sir 


W.  Scott.  PeverU   of  the   Peak  (time, 
Charles  II.). 

Hoel  (2  syL),  king  of  the  Armorican 
Britons,  and  nephew  of  king  Arthur. 
Hoel  sent  an  arm^  of  15,0M)  men  to 
assist  his  uncle  a^mst  the  Saxons  (501). 
In  509,  being  driven  from  his  kingdom 
by  Cloris,  he  took  refuge  in  England ; 
but  in  61d  he  recovered  his  throne,  and 
died  in  545. 

[Artkmr\  flalUog  to  hli  aid 
Bk  kjntman  Hovel,  broosbt  frooi  Brlttanr  the  koi. 
Their  araileithcif  anile  .  .  .  {and  eoNyiter  lk»  ifnaom  ol 


DnirtMi,  r^golbUn,  tr.  (1S13). 

H(/el,  son  of  prince  Hoel  and  Lla'ian. 
Prince  Hoel  was  slain  in  battle  by  his 
half-brother  David  king  of  North  Wales, 
and  Llaian,  with  her  son,  followed  the 
fortunes  of  prince  Madoc,  who  migrated 
to  North  America.  Young  Hoel  was 
kidnapped  by  Ocell'opan,  an  Az'tec,  and 
carried  to  Az'tlan  for  a  propitiatory 
sacrifice  to  the  Aztecan  gods.  He  was 
confined  in  a  cavern  without  food;  but 
Co'atel,  a  ^oung  Axtecan  wife,  took  pity 
on  him,  visited  him,  supplied  him  with 
food,  and  assisted  Madoc  to  release  him. 
— Southey,  Madoc  (1805). 

Hcdmescar,  a  German  mode  of 
punishment,  which  consisted  in  carrying  a 
dog  on  the  shoulders  for  a  certain  nunibci 
of  miles. 


riualeun  oomtei  ■cciwet  de  mahreraatlon,  do  b  peine 
hmnniante  du  hmrnmear.  peine  comiatant  4  laire  porter 
■n  cbleu  pendant  pliNfeyra  mlUee  mt  lea  4p«ulea  da 
eondifttuuA.— P.  W.  Cocberk,  VBtnpkn  ^CAUemagnm. 

Ho'gartll  {William),  caUcd  "The 
Jayenalof  Painters  **  (1695-1764). 

H(/ garth  {The  Scottish),  David  AlUn 
(1744-1796). 

Hogarth  of  Novelists.  Henry 
Fielding  (1707-1754). 

Hog  IiSlie,  Whitecbapel,  Tendon: 
afterwards  called  **  Petticoat  Lane,*'  and 
now  ''Middlesex  Street.'* 

Hohenlin'den,  in  Bavaria,  famous 
for  the  battle  fouj^ht  in  November,  1801, 
between  the  Anstnans  under  Klenan,  and 
the  French  under  Moreau.  The  French 
remained  the  victors,  with  10,000  pri- 
soners. 

Tb  mom ;  bat  tcaree  yon  leral  ran 
Can  pkree  tbe  war-cloodi  roUlng  dun. 
Where  ftirkMi»  Frank  and  fiery  Hun 
Sboot  In  tbeir  wlphoroa*  canopy. 
Campbell.  AoA to  ^  HohtnUmUn  (IBU). 

Hold'enOTlgh  {Master  Nehemiah),  a 
presbyterian  preacher,  ejected  from  his 
pulpit  by  a  military  preacher.— Sir  W. 
Scoit,  Woodstock  (time.  Commonwealth). 


HOLIDAY. 


448 


HOLY  BIAID  OF  KENT. 


Holiday.  When  Anaxag'oraa  was 
dying)  ftnd  was  asked  what  honour 
Bhonld  be  conferred  on  him,  he  replied, 
**6iyethe  boys  a  holiday  *'  (b.o.  500-428). 

Holiday  {Erasmus)  ^  schoolmaster  in 
the  Vale  of  Whitehorse.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Kmiiworth  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Holiday  Phrasee,  set  speeches, 
high-flown  phrases.  So  holiday  manners, 
holiday  clothes^  meaning  the  *'be8t"  or 
those  pot  on  to  make  the  best  appear- 
ance. Hotspur,  speaking  of  a  fop  sent  to 
demand  his  prisoners,  says  to  the  king : 


In  muktif  hoBdajr  and  Ikdjr  i 
Ba  qiMMlotMd  me. 

1  Jr««ry  /r.  act  L  K.  S  (1987). 

HoUpher'nes  (4  syL),  called 
"  English  Henry,"  one  of  the  Christian 
knights  in  the  allied  army  of  Godfrey,  in 
the  first  crusade.  He  was  slain  by 
Dragu'tes  (3  syl.).  (See  IIolopuernks.) 
— ^Tassc,  Jerusalem  velioered,  \x,  (1675). 

HoUand.  Voltaire  took  leave  of 
this  country  of  paradoxes  in  the  allite- 
ration following  : — **  Adieu  !  canaux, 
canards,  canaille  (Adieu!  dykes,  ducks, 
and  drunkards).    Lord  Byron  calls  it : 

Ike  vatoriMid  ct  Datchmen  and  of  dltafaaib 

WhoM  Juniper  axpmaM  ita  beat  Juloa, 
Tlie  poor  aaan'a  sparklint  niladtat*  for  ridiM. 

DQmJM»n,\  A(18n)L 

Holland,  one  of  the  three  districts  of  Lin- 
colnshire. Where  Boston  stands  used  to 
be  called  <<  High  Holland.*'  The  other  two 
districts  are,  Lindaey,  tibe  highest  land ; 
and  KcsUwin,  the  western  part,  famous 
for  its  heaths.  Holland,  the  fen-lands  in 
the  south-east. 

And  for  ttuit  part  of  ma  [JUnotfiu.]  widdi  na  "Hldh 
Honand"cBU.  ^^ 

Wh«r«  Boston  tented  It,  by  plantaoos  Wrtiuun'a  bJl  .  .  . 
No  oUmt  tract  of  land  doth  Uka  abondanoe  rfald. 

Drayton.  Pa<yo<Men.  xxv.  (ISn). 

Holies  Street  (London).  So  called 
from  John  Holies  duke  of  Newcastle, 
father  of  Henrietta  Cavendish  countess 
of  Oxford  and  Mortimer.  (See  Hbk- 
RiETTA  Street.) 

Holman  {Lieutenant  James),  the 
blind  travcUer  (1787-1857). 

Horopheme  {Thvbal),  the  great 
sophister,  who,  in  the  course  of  five  years 
and  three  months,  taught  Gai^antua  to 
say  his  A  B  C  backwards. — KabeUis, 
Gargantua,  i.  14  (1533). 

Holoplier'nes  (4  ml,),  a  pedantic 
schoolmaster,  who  speaks  like  a  dic- 
tionary. The  character  is  meant  for  John 
Florio»  a  teacher  of  Italian  in  London,  who 


published,  in  1598,  a  dictionary  called 
A  World  of  Words,  He  provoked  the 
retort  by  condemning  wholesale  the 
English  dramas,  which,  he  said,  were 
*'  neither  right  comedies,  nor  right 
tragedies,  butperverted  histories  without 
decorum.**  The  following  sentence  is  « 
specimen  of  the  style  in  which  he  talked  . 


Dia  deer  waa  .  .  fai  mmguit  (Hood),  ripa  aa  a 
armter  who  now  bansath  Uke  a  Jawal  in  Cbe  ear  a 
(the tkf,  the  welkin,  the  beaTen):  and  anon  (aUath  Ifkea 
crab  on  the  flice  of  terra  (the  aim,  tha  hmd.  the  earth).— > 
Shalceqiaara,  Lam^$  Labmm-'t  Lett,  act  hr.  ao.  S  (1M4). 

*«*  Holophemes  is  an  imperfect  ana« 
gram  of  **Joh'ne8  Florio,**  the  first  and 
Ust  letters  being  omitted, 

H0I7  Bottle  {TTte  Oracle  of  the)^ 

the  object  of  Pantac'ruers  searcn.     He 

visited  various   lands   with   his   friend 

Panurge  (2  syl,),  the  last  place  bein^ 

the  island  of  Lantern-land,  where  the 

"  bottle  "  was  kept  in  an  alabaster  foant 

in   a   magnificent   temple.      When    the 

party  amved  at   the   sacred   spot,   the 

priestess  threw  something  into  the  fount ; 

whereupon  the  water  b^an  to  bubble, 

and  the  word  **  Drink "  issued  from  tiie 

**  bottle.**    So  the  whole  party   set    to 

drinking    Falemian    wine,    and,   bein^ 

inspired  with  drunkenness,  raved   with 

prophetic  madness  ;  and  so  the  lomaace 

ends. — Rabelais,  Fantagnael  (1545). 

Like  Pantagmel  and  hie  eompaBlooi  in  qoaaC  af  tb* 
**  Oracle  or  the  Bottla"-  ' 


Holy  Brotherhood  (7^),  in 
Spain  called  Santa  Hermandad,  was  an 
association  for  the  suppression  of  high- 
way robbery. 


Iha  thlevaab  .  .  .  baHavtng  tha  Bolf  Brod 
coming.  ...  got  op  In  a  hvnj,  and  alaraMd 
Git  Aiu.i.  6  (17U). 


ElroCMrbood 
their  « 


Holy  Islandi,  Liadisfame,  in  the 
(}erman  Sea,  about  eight  miles  from 
Berwick-upon-Tweed,  ft  was  once  the 
see  of  the  famous  St.  Cntfabert,  but  now 
the  bishopric  is  that  of  Durham.  The 
rains  of  ^e  old  cathedral  are  still 
visible. 

Ireland  used  to  be  so  called,  on  aoeomt 
of  its  numerous  saints. 

Guernsey  was  so  called  in  the  tenth 
oentury.  on  account  of  the  great  number 
of  monks  residing  there. 

Rtt^ren  was  so  called  by  the  Slavonic 
Yarini. 

Holy  Maid  of  Kent»  Elisabetii 
Barton,  who  incited  the  Roman  Catholics 
to  resist  the  progress  of  the  Reformation, 
and  |)retended  to  act  under  divine  in* 
spiration.  She  was  executed  in  1534 
f^r  ** predicting*'  that  the  king  (Henry 


HOLT  MOTHER  OF  THE  RUSSIANS.  449 


■■<■ 


HOMESPUN. 


TUT.)  woold  die  a  sodden  death  if  he 
dxTorced  queen  KadiariBe  and  married 
Anne  Boleyn.  At  oat  time  she  waa 
fton^t  to  be  inapiied  with  a  prophetic 
^t,  and  even  the  lord  chancellor,  sir 
xhrnnaa  More,  waa  inclined  to  think  so. 

Holy  Mother  of  the  Bii8aiaii& 
Hoeeow  is  so  called. 

Holywell  Street,  London.  So 
eilled  from  a  spring  of  water  "most 
sweet,  salubrioua,  and  clear,  whose  runnels 
Mumnr  orer  the  shining  stones." 

*«*  Other  similar  wella  in  the  saborbs 
of  London  were  Clerkenwell  and  St. 
QemeofsWeU. 

Home,  Street  Home.  The  words 
«f  this  popular  rong  are  by  John  Howard 
PftyiK,  an  American.  It  is  introduced 
m  his  melodrama  called  Ctari  or  The 
Mad  of  Milan.  The  music  is  bj  sir 
Hcoxy  Bishop. 

Homar  (The  BrUish).  Milton  is  S6 
cilM  oo  GtaVs  monument  in  West- 
nimter  Abbey." 

Xo  nort  Ite  Qnefaui  BOM  norivalled  ralBiia ; 

To  Bttelo  let  Um  DttCiaas  honwg  nnj : 
At  Mt  •  Boom's  An  in  MBton't  wtnia^ 

A  yiwiM^i  taptm*  ia  tbm  jyn  ot  Off 

Homer  {7%e  Casket),  aa  edition  of 
Bomer  corrected  by  Aristotle,  which 
Akxaoder  the  Great  carried  about  with 
kim,  and  placed  in  the  golden  casket 
lidiiy  studded  with  gems,  fomid  in  the 
tent  of  Darius.  Alexander  said  there 
vas  but  one  thing  in  the  worid  worthy  to 
be  kepi  in  so  precious  a  casket,  and  that 
vas  Aristotle^B  Homer, 

Bomer  {The  Oeliic),  Ossian,  son  of 
fingal  king  of  Monren. 

Boner  (The  Orienial),  Ferdusi,  the 
IVfMaa  poet,  who  wrote  the  Chdh  Nameh 
or  kistoiy  of  the  Persian  kings.  It  con- 
tnna  120,000  verses,  and  was  the  work  of 
tiiiity  yean  (940-1020). 

Htmier  (The  Froee).  Henry  Fielding 
tte  novelist  is  called  by  Byron  <<The 
Prate  Homer  of  Hnman  Nature**  (1707- 
1764). 


(The  ScoUish),  WillUm  Wilkie, 
tttbor  of  T/te  Epigonfiad  (1721-1772). 

JEUmieT  of  onr  I>ramatic  Foots 
(TV).  So  Shakespeare  is  caUed  by 
Diyden  (1664-1616). 


or  bflMr  of  our  drunatle 
«M  tbo  ViisIL    I  ■dmin  nn  Bm.  b«t 


Hdm0rofFerra'ra(2:^).  Ariosto 


was  called  by  Tasso,    Omero  FerrareaS 
(1474-1688). 

Homer  of  the  Franlcs  {The). 
Angilbert  was  so  called  by  Cbarlemairne 
(died  814).  ^ 

Homer  of  the  French  Drama 
{The).  Pierre  Comeille  was  so  called  by 
sir  Walter  Scott  (1606-1684). 

Homer  of  Fhilosophers  {The), 
Plato  (B.C.  429-847). 

Homer  the  Younger,  Philiscos, 
one  of  the  seven  Pleiad  poeto  of  Alex- 
andria, in  the  time  of  Ptolemy  Phila- 
delphos. 

Homer  a  Cure  fbr  Ague.  It 
is  an  old  supostition  that  if^e  fourth 
book  of  the  Iliad  is  laid  under  the  head 
of  a  patient  suffering  from  quartan  ague, 
it  will  cure  him  at  once.  Sereous  Sam- 
monictts,  preoeptor  of  (}or^m,  a  noted 
physician,  says : 

Maonla  DladM  qoutam  avpoao  ttanaotL 

Homeric  Characters. 

AoAMBMifON,  haughty  and  imperious  | 
AcHiLLBS,  brave,  impatient  of  command, 
and  relentless  ;  Diomkd,  brave  as  Achil- 
les, but  obedient  to  authority ;  Ajax  the 
Greater^  a  giant  in  stature,  fool-hardy, 
arrogant,  and  conceited :  Nestor,  a  sage 
old  man,  garrulous  on  tne  glories  of  his 
youthful  days;  Ultssss,  wise,  crafty, 
and  arrogant;^  PatrocloSj  a  gentle 
friend ;  THBitaiTfis,  a  scumlous  dema- 
gogue. 

Hkctob,  the  protector  and  father  of 
his  country,  a  brave  soldier,  an  affecti<m- 
ate  husband,  a  wise  counsellor,  and  a 
model  imnce ;  SarpAdoic,  the  favourite 
of  the  gods,  gallant  and  generous; 
Paris,  a  gallant  and  a  fop  ;  Troiujs, 
"the  prince  of  chivalry;"  Priam,  a 
broken-spirited  old  monarch. 

Hklex,  a  heartless  beauty,  Authless, 
and  fond  of  pleasure ;  ANDROM'ACHfi,  a 
fond  young  mother  and  affectionate  wife ; 
Cassandra,  a  querulous,  croaking  pro- 
phetess ;  Hecuba,  an  old  she-bear  robbed 
of  her  whelps. 

Homespun  {ZeJtiel),  a  farmer  of 
Castleton.  Being  turned  out  of  his  farm, 
he  goes  to  London  to  seek  his  fortune. 
Thou^  quite  illiterate,  he  has  warm 
affections,  noble  principiles,  and  a  most 
ingenuous  mind.  Zekiel  wins  £20,000  by 
a  lottery  ticket,  bought  by  his  deceased 
father. 

Cicely  Ifometpun,  sister  of  Zekiel,  b«i- 

2  Q 


HOMINY. 


450 


HONEYCOMBE. 


trothed  to  Dick  Dowlas  (for  a  short 
time  the  Hon.  Dick  Dowlas).  When 
Cicely  went  to  London  with  her  brother, 
she  took  a  situation  with  Caroline  Dor- 
mer. Miss  Dormer  married  "the  heir- 
at-law  "  of  baron  Duberly,  and  Cicely 
married  Dick  Dowlas.— G.  Colman,  Tlie 
Beir-at'Lauj  (1797). 

Hominy  (Mrs.),  pnilosopher  and 
authoress,  wife  of  major  Hominy,  and 
"  mother  of  the  modem  Gracchi,**  as  she 
called  her  daughter,  who  lived  at  New 
Thermopylte,  ttiree  days  this  side  of 
**  Eden,**  in  America.  Mrs.  Hominy  was 
considered  by  her  countrymen  a  "very 
choice  spirit.^ — C.  Dickens,  Martin  Chuz- 
xlewit  (1844). 

Homo,  man.  Said  to  be  a  corruption 
of  OMO ;  the  two  0*8  represent  the  two 
eyes,  and  tiie  M  the  rest  of  the  human 
face.  Dantd  says  the  gaunt  face  of  a 
starved  man  resembles  the  letter  "  m." 

Wbo  raids  tfa«  luune 
For  mcM  upon  hia  tonlbmA,  ttiara  the  M 
Had  tnocd  moA  plaiitlx. 

DmiU.  Purgaterg.  niil.  (IMS). 

♦^*  The  two  downstrokes  represent 
the  contour,  and  the  V  of  the  letter  re- 
presents the  nose.  Hence  the  human 
face  is  rri. 

Honest  George.  General  George 
Monk,  duke  of  Albemarle,  was  so  called 
by  the  Cromwellites  (1608-1670). 

Honest  Man.  Diogenes,  being  asked 
one  day  what  he  was  searching  for  so 
diligently  that  he  needed  the  light  of  a 
lantern  in  broad  day,  replied, "  £a.  honest 
man." 

Baarebed  wtUi  lantoni'llgltt  to  Snd  an  honait  man. 
8oiUb«7.  Roderick,  He,  xmL  (1814). 

Stni  will  he  hoU  hli  laatern  op  to  iomi 
The  fK«  of  moiiarcbB  for  an  hooeat  man. 

Bjrron,  Age  qf  Bnmtm,  x.  (18S1). 

Honest  Thieves  {The).  The 
"thieves**  are  Kuth  and  Arabella,  two 
heiresses,  brought  up  by  justice  Day, 
trustee  of  the  estates  of  Ruth  and  guar- 
dian of  Arabella.  The  two  girls  wish 
to  many  colonel  Careless  and  captain 
Manly,  but  do  not  know  how  to  get 
possession  of  their  property,  which  is  in 
the  hands  of  justice  Day.  It  so  happens 
that  Day  ^oes  to  pay  a  visit,  and  the  two 
girls,  findmg  the  key  of  his  strong  box, 
help  themselves  to  the  deeds,  ete.,  to 
which  they  are  respectively  entitled. 
Mrs.  Day,  on  her  return,  accuses  them 
of  robbery ;  but  Manly  says,  "  Madam, 
the^  have  taken  nothing  but  what  is 
their  own.  They  are  honest  thieves,  I 
«S8ure  you.** — ^T.' Knight  (a  &rce). 


♦^*  ITiis  is  a  mere  rifacimcnto  of  The 
Committee  (1670),  by  the  Hon.  sir  R. 
H  oward.  Most  of  the  names  are  identical, 
but  "  captain  Manly  *'  b  substituted  for 
colonel  Blunt. 

Honesty.  Timour  used  to  boast  that 
during  his  reign  a  child  might  carry  a 
purse  of  gold  from  furthe^  east  to 
furthest  west  of  his  vast  empire  without 
fear  of  being  robbed  or  molested. — Gib- 
bon, Decline  and  Fall,  etc.  (1776-88). 

A  similar  state  of  things  existed  in 
Ireland,  brought  about  by  the  adminis- 
tration of  kmg  Brien.  A  youn^  lady 
of  great  beauty,  adorned  with  ^eweliL 
undertook  a  journey  alone  from  one  end 
of  the  kingdom  to  the  other ;  but  no  at- 
tempt was  made  upon  her  honour,  not 
was  she  robbed  of  her  jewels. — Warner^ 
History  of  Ireland,  i.  10. 

*^*  Thomas  Moore  has  made  this  tlM 
Bubiect  of  one  of  his  Irish  Melodies^  u 
("  Rich  and  Rare  were  the  Gems  ahe 
Wore,**  1814). 

Honey.  Glaucus,  son  of  Minos,  was 
smothered  in  a  cask  of  honey. 

Honeycomb  (Wi?0»  »  fine  gentle- 
man, the  great  authority  on  the  fashions 
of  the  day.  He  was  one  of  the  members 
of  the  imaginary  club  from  which  the 
Spectator  issued.— TAtf  Spectator  (1711- 
1718). 


Bb  Botar  de  Oorerloy.  a  eonntrj  gHiflainaB,  to  < 
Kferenra  was  made  vbea  uatten  connected  vtth  toal 
aflUn  were  In  qoeetlon ;  Will  Honeyeooib  give  law  ea 
all  thinai  ooQoeniing  ttte  fu  world;  oaptain  Sentry 
■tood  up  for  tfaeannjr;  and  ar  Andrsw  Fraeport  repiw. 
•entad   the   eonuaerdal  Intenet— Gbaaiben.   Mky/iUk 

Honeycombe  (Mr.),  the  uxorious 
husband  of  Mrs.  Honeycombe,  and  father 
of  Polly.  Self-willed,  passionate,  and 
tyrannical.  He  thinks  to  bully  Polly 
out  of  her  love-nonsense,  and  by  locking 
her  in  her  chamber  to  keep  her  safe, 
forgetting  that  **love  laughs  at  lock- 
smiths,'* and  **  where  there*s  a  will  there's 
a  way." 

Mrs.  Honeycombe,  the  dram-drinking^ 
maudling,  foolish  wife  of  Mr.  Honey- 
combe, always  ogling  him,  calling  him 
"lovey,**  "sweeting,*  or  "dearie/*  but 
generally  muzzy,  and  obfuscated  witk 
cordials  or  other  messes. 

Polly  Honeucombe,  the  daughter  of  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Honeycombe ;  educated  by 
novels,  and  as  full  of  romance  as  don 
Quixote.  Mr.  Ledger,  a  stock-broker, 
pays  his  addresses  to  her ;  but  she  hates 
him,  and  determines  to  elope  with  Mr. 
Scribble,  an  attorney *s  clerk,  and  nephew 


HONETMAir. 


461 


HOOD. 


of  her  none.  ThU  foUj,  however,  is 
happily  interroptod.  —  G.  Colnuui  the 
eld^,  PoUy  ffomcycombe  (1760). 

Honeyxnan  (Charles),  a  free-and- 
tmy  cleigrman,  of  socud  habits  and 
floeit  speech. — ^nuHrkeray,  TheNtwcomes 
(1866). 

Honeymoon  (The),  a  comedy  by 
J.  Tobin  (ia04).  The  general  scheme 
ictemblet  that  of  the  Tammg  of  the  Shrew, 
rix^  breaking-in  an  nnruly  colt  of  hi^ 
■cttle  to  the  hamets  of  wifely  life.  T^e 
duke  of  Aranza  marries  the  prond,  over- 
bcaring,  bat  beantiful  Juliana,  eldest 
JM^hUi'  of  BalthazMT.  After  marriage, 
h«»  take*  her  to  a  mean  hot,  and  pretends 
he  is  only  a  peasant,  who  most  work  for 
his  daily  brnid,  and  that  his  wife  must 
do  the  household  drudgery.  He  acts 
vidi  great  gentleness  and  affection ;  and 
by  the  end  of  the  month,  Juliana,  being 
thoroughly  reformed,  is  introduced  to 
tbe  castle,  where  she  finds  that  her  bus- 
band  after  all  is  the  duke,  and  that  she  is 
tbe  doehess  of  Aranza.  It  is  an  excellent 
sod  well-written  comedy. 

Honeywood,  "  the  good-natured 
■uui,"*  whose  property  is  made  the  prey 
of  swindlers.  His  uncle,  sir  William 
Hooeywood,  in  order  to  rescue  him  from 
■harpers,  causes  him  to  be  seized  for  a 
bill  to  which  he  has  lent  his  name  **  to  a 
firiend  who  absconded.**  By  this  arrest 
the  youcg  man  is  taught  to  discriminate 
between  real  friends  and  designing 
knaves.  Hon^rwood  dotes  on  Miss  Bich- 
Isad,  but  fancies  she  loves  Mr.  Lofty, 
snd  therefore  forbears  to  avow  his  love ; 
eventually,  however,  all  comes  right. 
Honeywood  promises  to  **  reserve  his  pity 
for  real  distress,  and  his  friendship  for 
tne  merit.** 


to  tlMfteht.  (A«]kadMti 

iMUT^atttr  wm  tat  I^JmUm: 
wkBM;  ndCMi]  AteiMfalilp  tal 

fir  ¥Wam  Homeyvoood,  uncle  of  Mr. 
Honmrood  *'  the  ^;ood-natnred  man." 
Sir  William  sees  with  regret  the  faults 
ef  his  nephew,  and  tries  to  correct  them. 
He  is  a  oignified  and  high-minded  gen- 
tleman.—(Wdsmith,  IVW  Ocod-mOitred 
Mam  (1767). 

Hono'ra,  daughter  of  general  Archas 
**the  lo^al  subject "  of  tJ^e  great-duke  of 
Mosoowm,  and  sister  of  Viola. — Betm- 
mtmt  and  Fletcher,  The  Loyal  Subject 
(1618). 

Hono'lia»  a  fair  but  haughty  dame, 


greatly  loved  by  Theodore  of  Ravenna ; 
but  the  ladv  *^  hated  him  alone,'*  and 
"the  more  he  loved  the  more  she  dis- 
dained.'* One  day,  she  saw  the  ghost 
of  Uuido  Cavalcanti  hunting  with  two 
mastiffs  a  damsel  who  despised  his  love 
and  who  was  doomed  to  suffer  a  year  for 
every  month  she  had  tormented  him. 
Her  torture  was  to  be  hunted  by  dogs, 
torn  to  pieces,  disemboweled,  and  re- 
stored to  life  again  ever^  Fridav.  This 
vision  so  acted  on  the  mind  of  Honoria, 
that  she  no  longer  resisted  the  love  of 
Theodore,  but,  **  with  the  full  consent  of 
all,  she  changed  her  state." — Dryden, 
T/teodore  and  Honoria  (a  poem). 

*«*  This  tale  is  from  Boccaccio,  De^ 
oameroH  (day  v.  8). 

Honour  (Mr$.),  the  waiting  gentle- 
woman of  Sophia  Western.— Yielding, 
Tom  Jones  (1749). 

Thk  b  wont  than  Soplif  W«gtani  and  Mm  Honour 
•taut  Tom  JotMi's  broluB  •m.-Pnl  J.  Witaon. 


Honour  and  Glor^  Oriffiths. 
Ou>tain  Griffiths,  in  the  reign  of  William 
IV.,  was  so  called,  because  he  used  to 
address  his  letters  to  the  Admiralty,  to 
**  Their  Honours  and  Glories  at  the 
Admiralty.** 

Honour  of  the  Spear,  a  touma- 
jient. 

Ho  euM  to  RoimIi  odMlBt  talki,  mud  MOikt  tlio  hoooor 
of  ttio  qwar.— Oiriwi.  Tk*  Wmr  ^  InU-Tktma. 

Honours  (Crushed  bu  Bis  or  ffer), 

Tarpeia  (8  syl.),  daughter  of  Tarpeius 
(governor  of  the  citadel  of  Rome),  pro- 
mised to  open  the  gates  to  Tatius,  if  hia 
soldiers  would  ^ve  her  the  ornaments 
they  wore  on  their  arms.  As  the  soldiers 
entered  the  gate,  thev  threw  on  her  their 
shields,  and  crushed  her  to  death,  saying, 
"These  are  the  ornaments  we  Sabines 
wear  on  our  arms.** 

Draco,  the  Athenian  l^slator,  was 
crushed  to  death  in  the  theatre  of  JSglna 
t^  the  number  of  caps  and  cloaks 
showered  on  him  by  the  audience,  as  a 
msak  of  honour. 

Elagab'alus,  the  Roman  emperor,  in- 
vited the  leading  men  of  Rome  to  a 
banquet,  and,  under  pretence  of  showing 
them  honour,  rained  roses  upon  them  tiU 
they  were  smothered  to  deatn. 

Hood  (Bobin),  a  famous  English  out- 
law. Stow  places  him  in  the  rdgn  of 
Richard  I.,  but  others  make  him  live  at 
divers  neriods  between  Coeur  de  Lion  and 
Edwara  II.  His  chief  haunt  was  Sher- 
wood Forest,  in  Nottinghaminire.  Ancient 


HOOKEM. 


459 


HOPKINS. 


ballads  aboimd  wiU)  anecdoteei  of  his  per- 
sonal courage,  bis  skill  in  archeiyi  his 
generosity,  and  great  popularity.  It  is 
said  that  he  robbed  the  rich,  but  gave 
largely  to  the  poor,  and  protected  women 
and  children  with  diivalrous  magna- 
nimity. According  to  tradition,  he  was 
treacherously  bled  to  death  by  a  nun,  at 
the  command  of  his  kinsman,  the  prior 
of  Klrkless,  in  Notts. 

Stukeley  asserts  ^at  Robin  Hood  was 
Robert  Fitzooth,  earl  of  Huntitigdon; 
and  it  is  probable  that  his  name  Aoocf, 
like  capet  giren  to  the  French  king 
Hugues,  refers  to  the  cape  or  hood  which 
he  usually  wore. 

*^*  The  chief  incidents  of  his  life  are 
recorded  by  Stow.  Ritson  has  collected 
a  volume  of  songs,  ballads,  and  anecdotes 
called  JMnn  Hood  .  .  ,  thai  Celebrated 
English  Outlaw  (1795).  Sir  W.  Scott  has 
introduced  him  in  ms  novel  called  The 
Talisman^  which  makes  the  ouUaw  con^- 
temporarv  with  Coeur  de  Lion. 

JCobin  Hood's  Men,  The  most  noted  of 
his  followers  were  Little  John,  whose 
surname  was  Nailor ;  his  chaplain  friar 
Tuck;  William  Scariet,  Scathelooke  (2 
sy/.),  or  Scadlock,  sometimes  called  two 
brothers  ;  Will  Stutlv  or  Stukely  ;  Mutch 
the  miller's  son  ;  and  the  maid  Marian, 

Chief,  besida  th«  butti.  ttiara  lUuid 
Bold  Robin  Hood  und  nU  hJa  tand : 
Friar  IWk  with  staff  and  odwI, 
Old  Scathelooke  (S  ny/.)  with  his  waAj  aeovl. 
Maid  Hanan  fair  a*  Ivory  bone, 
Searldt,  tad  Mutch,  and  Uttie  John. 

OrW.Boott. 

Hookem  (i/r.),  partner  of  lawyer 
Clippurse  at  Waveriev  Honour.— Sir  W. 
Scott,  Waverley  (timej  George  11.). 

Hop  {Itcbin)^  the  hop  plant. 

Get  Into  thy  hop^aid.  for  now  It  b  tbne 

Tb  teaoh  BoMn  Hop  eo  hia  pofe  bow  to  cMnb. 


T.  T^Hwr.  Ftwe  nimdrmi  Point*  qf'o«o4 
jru$bondry,  iIL  17  (1007). 

Hope.  The  name  of  the  first  woman, 
according  to  Grecian  mythology,  was 
Panddia,  made  by  Hephsstos  {Vulcan) 
out  of  earth.  She  was  called  Panddra 
("aU.gifted")  because  all  the  deities  con- 
tributed  something  to  her  charms.  She 
married  Epime'theus  (4  «y/.),  in  whose 
house  was  a  box  which  no  mortal  might 
open.  Curiosity  induced  Ptoddm  to  peep 
into  ity  when  out  flew  all  the  ills  of 
humanity,  and  she  had  just  time  to  close 
the  lid  to  prevent  the  escape  of  Hope 
also. 

Whan  man  and  hatore  meamed  thefr  flnt  decar  . .  . 
^i  tf&««»k  the  frteodlm.  guilty  mini         ^^ 
"  Hofe— the  cbarmer  lingered  still  bdiind. 

QM«>btfl  fttamvrm  t^lKp^  I.  {17»«. 


Hope  (The  Bard  of),  Thomas  Camp- 
bell, who  wrote  The  Pleasures  of  Hope,  m 
two  parts  (1777-1844). 

Hope  (The  Cape  of  Good),  originaUy 
called  "  The  Cape  of  Storms.*" 

Similarly,  the  Eoxine  {ue.  ''hos- 
pitable'*) Sea  was  originally  called  by 
the  Greeks  the  Axine  {i.e.  "the  in- 
hospitable**) Sea. 

\*  For  the  "  Spirit  of  the  Cape,"  see 
Adamastor. 

Hope  the  Motive  Power  of 
AU. 

Ibe  amhitioai  prince  doth  hopa  la  edoqMr  an ; 

The  dulMi,  carii,  lordi.  and  knliltta  hoM  to  be 
The  prelatee  bo|ie  to  poA  for  po^sh  pall ; 

The  kwyen  hope  to  parrhaee  w 

The  nwKhanta  hope  lor  no  Itai 


The  peasant  hopea  to  fet  a  fiomie  [fmrmhu 
AH  men  are  gnestt  wliere  Hope  doth  hold  the 

a  UaMoigna.  ne  JVwttac  4f  Ifarri;  SB  (died  UTTlL 


Hope  Diamond  (The),  a  bine 
brilliant,  weighing  441  carats. 

It  is  suppoMd  mat  tiiis  diamond  is  the 
same  as  tne  blue  diamond  bought  br 
Louis  XIV.  in  1668,  of  Tavern^.  It 
weighed  in  the  rough  112|  carats,  and 
after  being  cut  67^  carats.  In  1792  it 
was  lost.  In  1830,  Mr.  Daniel  EUason 
came  into  possession  of  a  blue  diamond 
without  any  antecedent  history;  thia 
was  bou£4it  by  Mr.  Henry  Thomas  Hope, 
and  is  called  ''  The  Hope  Diamond.** 

Hope  of  Troy  (The),  Hector. 

NTel  rtood  aoin^  them.  M  the  Hope  of  T^ 


Shake^oara.  S  JTenry  F/.  aettt.  M.  1  aSBH. 

HopefUl,  a  companion  of  Christian 
after  the  death  of  Faithful  at  Vani^ 
Fair.— Bunyan,  Ths  Pilgrim's  Progress^  L 
(1678). 

HoT>e-on-High  Bomby,  a  pnri^ 

tanical  character,   drawn  by  Beaitmont 
and  Fletcher. 

**  WeU."  aid  Wlldraka.  "  I  think  I  can  make  a  Begi^ 
en-HIgh  Bombjr  aa  well  ai  thon  csMt"— &  W.  Seott. 
ITeoditoet.  vU. 

Hopldnfl  ( JfoMA^o),  of  Manaingtree, 
in  £8sex,  the  witch-finder.  In  one  year 
he  caused  sixty  persons  to  be  hanged  aa 
reputed  witches. 

Between  three  and  Itonr  thooaand  pamvaaflbred  death 
fcr  wUoboraft  between  l«fl  and  MO.— Or.  2.  Cbtqr. 

Hopkins  (Nicholas),  a  Chartreux  friar, 
who  prophesied  **that  neither  the  kini 
[Henry  VJII,]  nor  his  heirs  should 
prosper,  but  that  the  duke  of  Buckingham 
should  govern  England." 

Itt  OnU.  Thatderll.moBk.HopUna.kaih  made  Ihh  ■!». 

chief. 
SndOMit  That  waa  he  that  fad  hba  with  hliprapb«taa. 
flhakwpeare.  JTenry  r///.  Ml  &  ae.  1  (1601). 


HOP-O'-MY-THUMB. 


468 


HORATIUS. 


Hop-o'-zny-TllUlllb,  *  chaimcter  in 
terenl  nursery  tales.  Tom  Thumb  and 
Hop-o*-ffly-tiiomb  are  not  the  same, 
ilthoufh  they  ai%  often  confounded  with 
each  ettier.  Tom  Thmnb  was  tiie  son  of 
peaiants,  knighted  by  king  Arthur,  and 
was  killed  by  a  spider ;  but  Hop-o*-my- 
thnmb  was  a  nix,  the  same  as  the  German 
daatmlma^  the  French  U  petit  ponce,  and 
ttie  ScoAch  Tom-a^in  or  Tamlane.  He 
was  not  a  human  dwarf,  but  a  fay  of 
ttoal  fury  proportions. 

HoraoSy  san  of  Oronte  (2  syl,)  and 
knrer  of  Agnes.  He  first  sees  Agnes  in  a 
halcony,  and  takes  off  his  hat  in  passing. 
Agnes  Rtnms  his  salute,  "  pour  ne  point 
■snqagf  k  U  chrilit^"  He  again  takes 
tff  his  hat,  aad  she  again  returns  the 
fnmpliiaent.  He  bows  a  third  time,  and 
ihe  retains  his  ^'politeness  **  a  tiliird  time. 
"  11  pause,  vient,  repaasc,  et  tonjeors  roe 
fyt  a  chaqae  fois  r^v^rence,  et  moi 
MoreUe  r^vtfrence  aussi  je  lui  rendois.'* 
An  intimacjr  is  soon  established,  which 
lipoM  into  lore.  Oronte  tells  his  son  he 
intewls  him  to  many  the  daughter  of 
Eori^oe  (2  sy/.),  which  he  refuses  to  do ; 
bat  It  tama  oat  that  Agnes  is  in  fact 
Eari^'s  daughter,  so  that  loye  and 
obedience  are  easily  reconciled^ — Moli^re, 
V&oU  de$  Femmes  (1662). 

Boraoe  {The  English).  Ben  Jonson  is 
so  called  by  Dekker  the  dramatist  (1674- 
lCt7). 

Cowley  was  preposterously  called  by 
George  doke  of  Irackingham**  The  Pindar, 
Horace,  and  Tirgil  of  England  **  (1618- 
W57). 

Boraoe  {The  iVcncA),  Jean  Macrinus  or 
fishaon  (1490-1667). 

Pierre  Jean  de  Beranger  is  called  "The 
Horace  of  France,**  and  **The  French 
Bams**  (1780-1867). 

Arao»  (7^  Fortnigwete),  A.  Ferreira 
(162WJa). 

fforace  {Ihe  Sjffomsh),  Both  Lupercio 
Argen'soU  and  his  brother  Bartolome  are 
■0  called. 

Horaoe  de  Briexme  (2  syl.),  en- 
gaged to  Diana  de  Lascours;  but  after  the 
uicovery  of  Ogari'U  [alias  Martha, 
Disna's  sisterl,  he  falls  in  love  with  her, 
sad  names  her  with  the  free  consent 
of  his  former  choice.— £.  Stirling,  The 
Orpian  of  the  fhfzen  Sea  ( 1866) . 

Ho>ratlA»  daoghter  of  Horatius  <<the 


Roman  &ther.**  She  was  engaged  to 
Caius  (Duriatius,  whom  her  surviving 
brother  slew  in  the  well-known  combat 
of  the  three  Romans  and  three  Albans. 
For  the  purpose  of  being  killed,  she  in- 
sulted her  brother  Publius  in  his  trinm|^ 
and  spoke  disdainfully  of  his  **  patriotic 
love,  which  he  preferred  to  filial  and 
brotherly  affection.  In  his  anger  he 
stabbed  his  sister  with  his  sword. — 
Whitehead,  The  Roman  Father  (1741). 

Hora'tlOy  the  intimate  friend  of  prince 
Hamlet.^— Shakespeare,  Hamlet  Pnnoe  of 
Denmark  (1696). 

ffora'tio,  the  fnend  and  brother-in-law 
of  lord  Al'tamont,  who  discovers  bv 
accident  that  Crista,  lord  Altamont  s 
bride,  has  been  seduced  by  Lothario,  and 
informs  lord  Altamont  of  it.  A  duel 
ensues  between  the  bridegroom  and  the 
libertine,  in  which  Lothario  is  killed ;  and 
CalUta  stabs  herself.— N.  Rowe,  The  Fair 
Penitent  (1703). 

HoratitU!,  "the  Roman  father.** 
He  is  the  father  of  the  three  Horatii 
chosen  by  the  Roman  senate  to  espouse 
the  cause  of  Rome  a^inst  the  AlDans. 
He  glories  in  Uie  choice,  preferring  his 
country  to  his  offspring.  His  daughter, 
Horatia^  was  esponsM  to  one  w  the 
Curiatii,  and  was  slain  by  her  surviving 
brother  for  taunting  him  with  murder 
under  the  name  of  patriotism.  The  old 
man  now  rwiounced  his  son,  and  would 
have  g^ven  him  up  to  justice,  but  king 
and  people  interposed  in  his  behalf. 

Publius  Horatius,  the  surviving  son 
of  "the  Roman  father."  He  pretended 
flight,  and  as  the  Curiatii  pursued,  '*  but 
not  with  equal  speed,*'  he  slew  them  one 
by  one  as  they  came  up. — Whitehead, 
The  Jioman  Father  (1741). 

HoratitU!  [Coolee],  captain  of  the 
bridgCHgate  over  the  Tiber.  When  Por'- 
sCna  brought  his  host  to  replace  Tarqnin 
on  the  tiirone,  the  nuurch  on  the  city 
was  so  sudden  and  rapid,  that  the  consul 
said,  "  The  foe  will  oe  upon  us  before 
we  can  cut  down  the  bridge.**  Horatius 
exclaimed,  "If  two  men  will  join  me,  I 
will  undertake  to  give  the  enemy  play 
till  the  bridge  is  cut  down.**  Spurius 
Lartius  and  Herminius  volunteered  to  join 
him  in  this  bold  enterprise.  Three  men 
came  against  them  and  were  cut  down,  i 
Three  others  met  the  same  fate.  Ihen 
the  lord  of  Luna  came  with  his  brand 
"  which  none  but  ho  could  wield,"  but  the 
Tuscan  was  also  despatched.    Horatius 


HOREHOUND. 


454 


HORSE. 


then  ordered  his  two  companions  to  muke 
good  their  escape,  and  they  just  crossed 
uie  bridge  as  it  fell  in  with  a  crash.  The 
bridge  t^ng  down,  Horatios  threw  him- 
self into  l£e  Tiber  and  swam  safe  to 
shore,  amidst  the  applauding  shouts  of 
both  armies. — Lord  Hacaulay,  Lays  of 
Ancient  Eomg  ('*  Horatius,"  1842). 

Horehound  (2  ayL)  or  Mamfbimn 
vnlgart  ('^white  nordiound '*),  used  in 
coughs  and  pulmonary  disordexB,  either  in 
the  form  of  tea  or  solid  cand^.  Black 
horehound  or  Ballota  nigra  is  recom- 
mended in  hysteria. 

For  comforting  th»  ipleea  wkl  Mtt.  ■etfbrjoloa 
PmIm  boralMMiiMl. 

Drajrton.  Pol^bton,  tUL  a«U). 

Horn  (The  Cape),  So  named  by 
Schouten,  a  Dutch  mariner,  who  first 
rounded  it.  He  was  bom  at  Hoom,  in 
North  Holland,  and  named  the  cape  after 
his  own  native  town. 

Bom  {King)f  hero  of  a  French  metrical 
romance,  the  original  of  our  Childe  Home 
or  The  Oeste  of  Ayng  Horn,  The  French 
romance  is  ascribed  to  Mestre  Thomas; 
and  Dr.  Percy  thinks  the  English  romance 
is  of  the  tweLfth  century,  but  this  is  pro- 
bably at  least  a  century  too  early. 

Horn  of  Chastity  and  Fidelity. 

Morgan  la  Faye  sent  king  Arthur  a 
drinking-horn,  from  which  no  lady  could 
drink  who  was  not  true  to  her  husband, 
and  no  knight  who  was  not  feal  to  his 
liege  lord.  Sir  Lamorake  sent  this  horn 
as  a  taunt  to  sir  Mark  king  of  Cornwall. — 
Sir  T.  Malory,  History  of  Prince  Arthur^ 
ii.  84  (1470). 

Ariosto's  enchanted  cnp. 

The  cuckoid's  drinking-horn^  from  which 
no  **  cuckold  could  drink  without  spil- 
ling tiie  liquor. '*  (See  Caradoc,  p.  160.) 

Za  coupe  enchatU€e  of  lAfontaine.  (See 
Chastity.) 

Home,  in  the  proverb  ///  chance  it, 
as  old  Home  did  his  neck^  refers  to  Home, 
a  clerg3rman  in  Nottinghamshire,  who 
committed  murder,  but  escaped  to  the 
Continent.  After  several  years,  he  de- 
termined to  return  to  England,  and  when 
t«1d  of  the  danger  of  so  doing,  replied, 
**  I'll  chance  it.  He  did  chance  it ;  but 
bemg  apprehended,  was  tried,  condemned, 
and  executed. — The  Newgate  Calendar, 

Homer  (Jack),  the  little  boy  who  sat 
hi  a  comer  to  eat  nis  Christmas  pie,  and 
thought  himself  wondrously  clever  be- 


cause he  contrived  to  poll  oat  a  plnm 
with  his  thumb. 


Little  Jack  Horn«r  Mtln  a . 

RatUiK  his  ChristiDM  pl« : 
H«  put  in  bia  thomb.  aiid  pulled  oat  a  phno. 

Stylos.  "Wbatasoodb^amll'* 


In  Notes  and  Queries^  xvi.  156,  several 
explanations    are    offered,    ascribing    a 

Solitical  meaning  to  the  words  quotol — 
ack  Homer  being  elevated  to  a  king's 
messenger  or  king's  steward,  and  ue 
**  nlum^'  ptdled  out  so  cleverly  being  a 
vskluable  deed  which  the  measenger 
abstracted. 

Horse.  The  first  to  ride  and  tame  a 
horse  for  the  use  of  man  was  Mclixyoa 
king  of  Thessaly.    (See  Mbliztus.) 

Horse  (The  Black)^  the  7th  Dragoon 
Guards  {not  the  7tti  Dragoons).  Th<7 
have  block  velvet  fscingB,  and  their 
plume  is  black  and  white.  At  one  time 
they  rode  black  horses. 

Horse  {The  Oreen)^  the  6th  Dragoon 
Guards.  (These  are  called  "  The  Princess 
Charlotte  of  Wales*  ...'*)  Facings  dark 
green  velvet,  but  the  plome  is  red  and 
white. 

Horse  {The  White)^^^  drd  Dragoon 
Guards.  (These  are  called  "  The  Princo 
of  Wales* .  .  .") 

*^*  All  the  Dragoon  Guards  have 
velvet  facings,  except  the  6th  (or  **  Cara- 
biniers**)j  which  have  white  cfo<A  facings. 
By  "  facmgs  ^  are  meant  the  collar  and 
cuffs. 

N.B.— **  The  white  horse  within  th« 
Garter  **  is  noi  the  heraldic  insignia  of  the 
White  Horse  llegiment  or  dra  Dragoon 
Guards,  but  of  the  drd  Hussars  (or  **  The 
King*s  Own*'),  who  have  also  a  whita 
plume.  This  regiment  used  to  be  called 
"  The  8rd  Light  Dragoons.** 

Horse  {The  Royal),  the  Blues. 

Horse  {The  Wooden),  a  huge  hors« 
constract^  by  Ulysses  and  Diomed,  for 
secreting  soldiers.  The  Trojans  were 
told  by  Sinon  it  was  an  offering  made 
by  the  Greeks  to  the  sea-god,  to  ensure 
a  safe  home-voyage,  adding  that  the 
blessing  would  pass  irom  the  Greeks  to 
the  Trojans  if  the  horse  were  placed 
within  the  cil^  walls.  Tlie  credulooa 
Trojans  drew  the  monster  into  the  city  ; 
but  at  night  Sinon  released  the  soldions 
from  the  norse  and  opened  the  gates  to 
the  Greek  army.  The  sentinels  were 
slain,  the  city  fired  in  several  placet,  and 
the  inhabitanto  put  to  the  sword.    The 


HORSE. 


455 


nORTENSE. 


tale  of  the  "Wooden  Hone  **  forms  do  part 
of  Homer's  Iliad,  but  is  told  by  Virjfil  in 
his  jEme'id.  Virjdl  lK>rrowed  the  tale  from 
Aretliios  of  Miletus,  one  of  the  Cyclic 
poets,  who  reUted  the  story  of  the 
^'Wooden  Horse"  and  the  **boming  of 
Troy." 

%*  A  very  similar  stratagem  was  em- 
ployed in  the  serenth  centuiy  A.n.  by 
Aba  Obddah  in  the  siege  of  Arrestan,  in 
Syria.  He  obtained  leave  of  the  governor 
to  deposit  in  the  citadel  some  old  lamber 
which  impeded  bis  march.  Twenty  boxes 
(filled  wiUi  soldiers)  were  accordingly 
placed  there,  and  Abn,  like  the  Greeks, 
pretended  to  march  homewMds.  At  night 
dw  soldiers  removed  the  sliding  bottoms 
of  the  boxes,  killed  the  sentries,  opened 
the  city  gates,  and  took  the  town. — 
Oddey,  BvOory  of  the  Saracens^  i.  185. 

The  capture  of  Sark  was  effected  by  a 
nmilartnck.  A  gentleman  of  the  Nether- 
Unds,  with  one  ^p,  asked  permission  of 
the  French  to  bnry  one  of  his  crew  in  the 
chapeL  The  request  was  granted,  but 
tlw  coflSn  was  full  of  arms.  The  pre- 
tended mourners,  being  well  provided 
with  arms,  fell  on  the  guards  and  took 
the  island  by  surprise. — Percy,  Anecdotes, 
248. 

Iform  {Merlm*a  Wooden),  Clavileno. 
This  was  the  horse  on  which  don  Quixote 
elected  the  disenchantment  of  the  infanta 
Antonomlsia  and  others.  (See  Clavx- 
uno,  p  194.) 

Borte  (The  Enchanted),  a  wooden 
hoffiK  with  two  pegs.  By  turning  one  the 
Wse  rose  into  the  air,  and  by  taming 
Um  otiier  it  descended  where  and  when 
tte  rida*  listed.  It  was  given  by  an 
Indian  to  the  shah  of  Persia,  as  a  New 
Teal's  gifL  (See  Firouz  Schaii.) — 
ilroAiaiiirM/Ais('*The Enchanted  Hone"). 

Barm  {The  Ji/teen  points  of  a  good). 


tkvM  propjiTtMi  •#  A 
ai«  «f  a  VHMM.  ihTM  of  •  fan,  thn*  of  •  bmn. 
AMetfaaana.  OfaNMn,b(ilde.  pfv»do.aiKlhardjr«.  Of 
*»— .  li|iio  Iwaiila^.  fabooriMflro,  aiidcoir  tono««. 
or«/«M,«Wrt«)rlla.*o>toan.  wtthajDodtroUa  Of 
»k«ar^amla«]f«.  «drr  baad.  and  weurennjrnae.  Of 
■K  «M.  •  Wfwm  c^^»a.  •  9ti  last*,  and  a  food  boof  .— 
Vfoin  da  ir«rd«  (M8Q. 

Hone-bair  breeds  AnimcJs. 
Aoeofding  to  legend,  if  the  hair  of  a  horse 
■  dropped  into  corrupted  water,  it  will 
tan  to  an  animaL 

laM  la  a  piUo-taO  of  toiMd  water,  win  In  a 
iir.  aad  baeooM*  ttrliic  cwatura.~HoMMhaa. 


Hone  If  eighin^.  On  the  death  of 
Sbki^  the  several  oompetitorB  for  the 
Pteisa  crown    agreed   toai  he  whose 


horse  neighed  first  should  be  appointed 

king.    Tne  horse  of  Darius  neigned  firsti 

and  Darias  was  made  king.    Lonl  Brooke 

calls  him  a  Sc3rthian;  he  was   son  of 

HystaspSs  the  satrap. 

^^  Tha  bnvo  BcTtUaa 

Who  foond  mora  awaauicaa  In  bla  hom'i  ndKhlng 

Iban  aB  tho  Pbiyslao,  Dorfao.  IjdiMi  pterins. 

Lord  Itrooko* 

Horse  Painted.  Apellds  of  Cob 
painted  Alexander's  horse  so  wonderfully 
well  that  a  real  horse,  seeing  it,  began  to 
nei^  at  it,  supposing  it  to  be  alive. 

Myro  the  statuary  made  a  cow  so  true 
to  Irfe  that  several  bulls  were  deceived 
by  it. 

Velasquez  painted  a  Spanish  admiral 
so  true  to  life  that  Felipe  IV.,  mistaking 
it  for  the  man,  reproved  the  supposed 
officer  sharply  for  wasting  his  time  in  a 
painter's  studio,  when  he  ought  to  be  with 
his  fleet. 

Zeoxis  painted  some  grapes  so  admir- 
ably that  birds  flew  at  them,  thinking 
them  real  fruit. 

Parrhasios  of  Ephesus  painted  a 
curtain  so  inimitably  that  Zeuxis  thou^t 
it  to  be  a  real  curtam,  and  bade  the  artist 
draw  it  aside  that  he  might  see  the 
painting  behind. 

QuintiA  Matsys  of  Antwerp  painted  a 
bee  on  the  outstretched  leg  of  a  fallen 
angel  so  naturally  that  when  old  Mandyn, 
the  artist,  returned  to  his  studio,  he  tried 
to  frighten  it  away  with  his  pocket-hand- 
kerchief. 

Horse  of  Brass  (The),  a  present 
from  the  kin^  of  Araby  and  Ind  to 
Cambuscan'  king  of  Tartary.  A  person 
whispered  in  its  ear  where  he  wished  to 
go,  and  having  mounted,  turned  a  pin, 
whereupon  the  brazen  steed  rose  in  the 
air  as  high  as  the  rider  wished,  and 
within  twenty-four  hours  landed  him  at 
the  end  of  his  journey. 

TUa  ttaod  of  braai.  that  mdfy  and  well 
Oin.  In  the  mwe  of  a  dajr  natural,  .  . . 
Beam  jrour  body  into  •vtry  plaoa 
To  whkh  foor  haartb  wUlalh  for  to  paea. 
Chaaeor.  OanUrHinf  Tmtm  ("Tbo  Bqulra'a  Taio.'*  1SB8). 

Horst  (Oonrade),  one  of  the  in- 
surgenU  at  Libge.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Qventin 
DwvHxrd  (time,  Edward  lY.). 

Hortense'  (2  syl,)^  the  vindictive 
French  maid-servant  of  lady  Dedlock. 
In  revenge  for  the  partiality  shown  by 
lady  DedUock  to  Rosa'  the  village  beauty, 
Hortense  murdered  Mr.  Tulkinghom,  and 
tried  to  throw  the  suspicion  of  the  crime 
on  Udv  Dedlock.— C.  Dickens,  Bleak 
House  (1863). 


HORTENSIO. 


466        HOUSE  THAT  JACK  BUILT. 


Horten'slo,  a  suitor  to  Bianca  the 
Tonnger  sister  of  Katharina  "  the  Shrew.** 
katbarina  and  Bianca  are  the  daughters 
of  Baptista. — Shakespeare,  Taming  of  the 
Shrew  (1594). 

Hortensioy  noted  for  his  chivalrous  love 
and  valour. — ^Massinger,  The  Bashful 
iLover  (1686). 

HorwemdillaBy  the  court  at  which 
Hamlet  Uved. 

nOa  is  that  BaiBiak.  .  .wta*  lN«i  at  Mm  caari  «t 
HonreDdOhM,  MO  fmn  bttan  w  vera  bom.— HaiUU. 

Hosier's  Qhost  (AdnurtU),  a  ballad 
by  Richard  Glover  ( 17d9) .  Admiral  Hosier 
was  sent  with  twenty  sail  to  the  Spanish 
West  Indies,  to  block  up  the  galleons  of 
that  country.  He  arrived  at  the  Basti- 
mentoa,  near  Portobello,  but  had  strict 
orders  not  to  attack  the  foe.  His  men 
perished  by  disease  but  not  in  fight,  and 
the  admiral  himself  died  of  a  brokoi 
heart.  After  Yemon^s  victory,  Hosier 
and  his  8000  men  rose,  "all  in  dreary 
hammocks  shrouded,  which  for  winding- 
-sheets they  wore,"  and  lamented  the 
cruel  orders  that  forbade  them  to  attack 
the  foe.  for  "  with  twentv  ships  he  surely 
could  nave  achieved  what  Vernon  did 
with  only  six." 

Hospital  of   Compas^on,   the 

house  of  correction. 

A  troop  of  >igii>idi  outM  bm  to   Um  iMqrftal  of 
mmiMurion.— Lmms,  OU  Btm,  yVL  7  (17»>. 

Hotspur.    So  Harry  Percv  was  called 

from  his  fiery  temper,  over  wliich  he  had 

no  controL--Shake6peare,  1  Hemry  IV, 

(1697). 

Winkm  Banatar  [1718-1817]  bad  tte  trae  poHte  mm- 
UnMiaMn.  .  .  .  Nona  Uiat  I  rmwtnlMr  po«eaMd  ovon  a 
porUoo  of  Uiat  flae  niailnwi  whkfa  Iw  threw  out  in 
HotilNir's  Am  mat  about  ^oiy.  Uk  voloe  had  the  db- 
•ooanca  and  at  tfuMi  the  laiplriag  aflhct  of  the  tnimpeL 
— C.  Lamb. 

Hotspur  of  Debate  (The),  lord 
Derby,  otlled  by  Macaulay  **  The  Rupert 
of  Debate  "(1799-1869). 

Houd  (1  jy/.),  a  prophet  sent  to 
preach  repentance  to  the  Adites  (2  syL), 
and  to  reprove  their  king  Shedaa  for  his 
pride.  As  the  Adites  and  their  king 
refused  to  hear  the  prophet,  God  sent  on 
the  kingdom  first  a  drou|^t  of  three 
gears'  duration,  and  then  the  Sarsar  or 
icy  wind  for  seven  davs,  so  that  all  the 
people  perished.  Houd  is  written  *•  Hfld" 
m  Sale's  Aoran,  i. 

Then  itood  the  pro|>bet  Rood  and  orM. 
"Woel  woetolnml  woetoAdl 
Death  It  Rone  up  into  her  laJaoesi 
Woe  I  wool  a  dey  of  guilt  and  punidiment  I 
Aiarofdcaotauloa!" 
'^-f,  Talmhm  Me  Dmiroifvr,  L  41  (1717). 


HougVton  (Serfjeant)^  in  Waverley*f 
regiment! — Sir  W.  Scott,  Waverley  (time, 
George  II.)* 

Hounslow,  3ne  of  a  gang  of  thieves 
that  conspire  to  break  into  lady  Bound- 
ful'a  house. — Farquhar,  Th$  Beaux' Stratct' 
gem  (1705). 

Houri,  plu.  Houris.  the  virgins  of 
paradise ;  so  called  from  tneir  laige  black 
eyes  (hur  cU  oyun).  According  to  Mo- 
hammedan faith,  an  intercourse  with  these 
lovelv  women  is  to  constitute  the  chief 
delight  of  the  faithful  in  the  "  world  to  4 
come." — Al  Koran, 

House  Judged  by  a  Brick.    Hle- 

rdcl^,  the  conit)iler  of  a  book  of  jests, 
tells  us  of  a  pedant  who  carried  about  a 
brick  as  a  specimoi  of  the  house  which 
he  wished  to  selL 


He  that  trlee  to 
qaotottone.  vlU  nooeed  Oka  the  pedant  la  Hi 
who,  whenbeoSBied  hie  hoa«  to  lala.  carried  a  bekkte 
bis  pocket  ae  a  ^Kdaien.— Dr.  Johann,  fr^mee  m 


House  of  Fame,  a  magnificent 
palace  erected  on  a  lofty  mountain  of  ice, 
and  supported  bv  rows  of  pillars  on  which 
are  inscribe*?  tne  names  of  illustrious 
poets.  Here  the  goddess  of  fame  sita 
on  a  throne,  and  dispenses  her  capricxoua 
judgmente  to  the  crowd  below  who  come 
to  seek  her  favoon. — Qiauoer,  Monm  of 
Foune, 

House  that  Jack  Built  (TV),  a 
cumulative  nursery  story,  in  which  every 
preceding  stotement  is  repeated  aftar  the 
introduction  of  a  new  one ;  thus : 


L 

a 
a 
4. 
a 
a 


r»tefa1tbe 
ThU  U,    * 
TkUU 
TM»U 
Tkitiai 


that  Jack  baOt 
the  aaaa  that  lay  la.  .  . 
the  rat  tlMU  eat .  .  . 
die  oat  that  kUlad  .  .  . 
the  doB  tlMrt  wenled 


TM$  <«]  the  ooer  with  the 


[ThU  Ui\  the  iinHia  afl  JBriora.  that 
[Thi*  it]  the  man  all  tattered  and  tarn,  that 


I  it  the 


aiidihera.«^i 


A    similar    aocumulatacMi    oochib     in 

another  nurseiy  tale,  with  this  differenco 

— the  several  clauses  are  repeated  twice : 

once  by  entreaty  of  the  old  woman  to 

perform  some  service  to  get  her  pi^  to 

cross  over  a  bridge  that  she  may   get 

home;  and  then  ue  reverse  way,  wiien 

each  begins  the  task  requested  ctf  them. 

It  begins  with  a  statement  that  an  old 

woman  went  to  market  to  buy  a   pi^; 

they  came  to  a  bridge,  which  the   pig 

would  not  ^  over,  so  the  old  woman 

called  to  a  stick,  and  said  : 

L  [Tffi  I   irfnir  li  nf  I  f|j  rirrJrtiTmat  ffn  nmrttir  !■!%■. 

and  1  Aaa  Y  net  home  toMi  Ipit. 
a  (/«r«,/bwj  bom  ■tkk.atkk  won't  heat  p%.    • 


HOUSSAJN. 


457 


HRIMFAXI. 


1 

4. 
Il 
i, 
7 


'Ox.m^«riA 


Ire.  Are  won't  .  .  . 

Jierwioa't  .  .  . 

1  kin  OS.  OB  voo't  .  .  . 

Zap*,  rww)  hue  butthm.  botdter  voat .  .  . 
..  Jtat,  rorl nnrrope.  ropo  won't .  .  . 
&OifceM.kaint.fatwoat.  .  . 

Ihm  the  aU  bt^a  to  kUl  the  nt.  aad  the  nt  bc^a 
to  l^mm  the  ran.  and  die  rope  beffui  .  .  .  ete..  and  the 
»IC  vm  everi&a  faiMw.  aad  ae  the  oy  vwMa  got 


I. 
& 
4 
& 
C 
7. 
t. 
ft 


rua<« 


Dr.  Donm  gave  the  following  Hebrew 
**panble"  in  Notes  and  Queries  :— 

L  (7M.  M  Cfea  kid  tkM  mr  fatker  koecht  for  two  I 

I'H  .. ,_ 

ftaoM^Mftcat 

tkedoftkatblt  .  .  . 

the  rtkk  tbat  beet . 

te  Are  that  bant  . 

the  water  that  ( 

, the  OK  that  dnuik  .  .  . 

ru>  ill  the  boleher  that  kmed  . 
*"'  btheaaiDLthe        ~    '  ~ 


tkati 


%*  While  correcting  these  proofs,  a 
BstiTe  of  Sooth  Africa  informs  me  ^at 
be  has  often  heard  the  Kafirs  tell  their 
children  the  same  story. 

HoOB'sain  (Prmce)^  the  elder  brother 
sf  prince  Ahmed.  He  possessed  a  carpet 
sf  sneh  wonderfol  powers  that  if  any  one 
mX  upon  it  it  woold  transport  him  in  a 
■Kiaient  to  any  place  he  Uked.  Prince 
HoosMin  boaght  this  carpet  at  Bisnagar, 
IB  India.— .dni6um  Nights  ("  Ahmed  and 
Fuibaaoa'*}. 

Hm  wM  «r  the  paiMaa  bto  kloi  nkapftoea  HoHHdB^ 
UtT  hi  the  Firtw  II  iehl«L-Slr  W.  Beott. 

\*  Solomon's  carpet  {q.v.)  possessed 
tiie  seme  locomotive  power. 

Hofgyhnhnrnw  [Whin'.mu],  a  race 

of  horses  endowed  with  hnman  reason, 

■ad  bearing  fnle  orer  the  race  of  man. — 

Swift,  (hUliter's  Traveis  (1726). 

"Tkaiu  trae.  m.  too  trae^"  lepBed  the  Daenfne,  hit 
nahmbdnkiaffhiioaa  Iqpitefkal    ' 


Howard,  in  tiie  court  of  Edward  lY. 
—Sir  W.  Scott,  Arm*  o/  Geierstein  (time, 
EdwMdIV.). 

How'staon  {Lwckk)^  midwife  at 
EUaogowan.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Quy  Mim- 
•eriag  (time,  Geoige  II.). 

Howdetn  (Mrs.),  saleswmnan. — Sir 
W.  Swtt,  Heart  of  Midlothian  (time, 
Geofge  II.). 

Howa  (Miss),  the  friend  of  CSarissa 
Uariowe^  to  whom  she  presents  a  strong 
coabrast.  She  has  more  worldly  wisdom 
•nd  less  abstract  principle.  In  questions 
of  diMiht,  Miss  Howe  would  suggest  some 
pnctkal  solution,  while  Clarissa  was 
moooii^about  hy^thetical  contingencies. 
She  is  a  giri  of  high  spirit,  disinterested 
fnendship,  and  sotmd  common  sense.— 
KidiardsoD,  Clarissa  ffartotoe  ri74d). 


Howel  or  Hoal,  king  of  the  West 
Welsh  in  the  tenth  century,  sumamed 
"the  Good."  He  is  a  very  famous  king, 
especially  for  his  code  of  laws.  This  is 
not  the  Howel  or  Hoel  of  Arthurian 
romance,  who  was  duke  of  Armorica  in 
the  sixth  century. 

What  Malmutiaa  lawt.  or  Martian,  tm  were 

More  eioellent  than  tboM  which  oor  good  Howel  here 

Onhdned  tofomn  Wel«it 

Drayton.  PottfoOdon.  fau  a«U). 

Howie  (Jomttf),  bailie  to  Malcolm 
Bradwardine  (Ssul.)  of  Inchgrabbit.— 
Sir  W.  Scott,    Waverley  (time,   George 

Howla^laaa  (Master),  a  preacher. 
Friend  of  justice  Maulstatute.— Sir  W. 
Scott,  PeverU  of  the  Peak  (time,  Charles 
'1./* 

Howle'glaa  (Father),  the  abbot  of 
Unreason,  m  the  revels  held  at  Kenna- 
quhair  Abbey.— Sir  W.  Scott,  27uf  Abbot 
(time,  Elizabeth). 

Howlefirlaaa  (2  »yl.),  a  clever  rascal, 
so  called  from  the  hero  of  an  old  German 
jest-book,  popular  in  England  in  queen 
Elisabeth's  reign.— See  Eulentpiegel, 

Hoyden  (Miss),  a  lively,  ignorant, 
romping,  country  girl.— Vanbnigh,  The 
Seiapsem97), 

*^*  This  was  Mrs.  Jordan's  great 
chamcter. 

Hoyden  (Miss),  daughter  of  sir  Tun- 
belly  Clumsy,  a  green,  ill-educated, 
country  girl,  living  near  Scarborough. 
She  is  promised  in  marriage  to  lord  Fop- 
pington,  but  as  his  lordship  is  not  person- 
ally known  either  b^  the  knight  or  his 
daughter,  Tom  Fashion,  the  nobleman's 
younger  brother,  |)asses  himself  off  as 
lord  Foppington,  is  admitted  into  the 
family,  and  marries  the  heiress. — Sheri- 
dan, A  Trip  to  Scarborough  (1777). 

\*  Sheridan's  comedy  is  The  Relapse 
ci  Vanbmgh  (1G97),  abridged,  recast,  and 
somewhat  modemued. 

Hrasvelg^  the  giant  who  keeps  watch 

on  the  north  side  of  the  root  of  the  Tree 

of  the  World,  to  devour  the  dead.     His 

shape  is  that  of  an  eagle.    Winds  and 

storms  are  caused  by  &e  movement  of 

his  wings. — ikandinavian  Mythology, 

Where  the  heaven'a  remoteit  bound 
With  darkne^a  ta  encompacMd  round. 
There  UnsTeTcer  rit«  and  swinge 
The  tempeet  from  ita  encie  wluga. 

JBdda  qfSm*nutid  (fagr  Amos  Oot^ 

Hrimfifix%  the  horse  of  Night,  ttom 
whose  bit  fall  the  rime-drops  that  every 


HROTHGAR. 


458 


HUBERT. 


or 
Scan- 


morning  bedew  the  eartfa. — Soandinmian 
Mythology, 

Hrothffar,  king  of  Denmark,  whom 
Beowulf  delivered  from  the  monster 
Grendel.  Hrothgar  built  Heorot,  a  mag- 
oincent  palace,  and  here  he  distribated 
rings  (treasure),  and  held  his  feasts ;  but 
the  monster  Grendel,  envious  of  his  hap- 
piness, stole  into  the  hall  after  a  feast, 
and  pat  thirty  of  the  thanes  to  death  in 
their  sleep.  The  same  ravages  were 
t  repeated  night  after  night,  till  Beowulf, 
at  the  head  of  a  mixed  band  iA.  soldiers, 
went  against  him  and  slew  him. — Beo- 
xDxdf  (an  Anglo-Saxon  epic  poem,  sixth 
century). 

Hry'iner.  pilot  of  the  ship  Nagelfi 
(made  of  the  "nails  of  the  dead""). — Soa\ 
dinavian  Mythology, 

Hubba  and  Ingrwar,  two  Danish 

chiefs,  who,  in  870,  conquered  East  Anglia 
and  wintered  at  Thet^ord,  in  Norfolk. 
King  Edmund  fought  against  them,  but 
was  beaten  and  taken  prisoner.  The 
Danish  chiefs  offered  him  his  life  and 
kingdom  if  he  would  renounce  Chris- 
tianity and  pay  them  tribute;  but  as  he 
refused  to  do  so,  they  tied  him  to  a  tree, 
shot  at  him  with  arrows,  and  then  cut  off 
his  head.  Edmund  was  therefore  called 
"St.  Edmund."  Alu'red  fought  seven 
battles  with  Hubba,  and  slew  him  at 
Abingdon,  in  Berkshire. 

Akirad  .  .  . 

In  wren  brave  foogbtaii  Salds  their  dmaiilon  Hubte 

chimd. 
And  tlew  him  In  tb«  end  at  Abinftan(«<e). 

Drajtoo.  Polwot&iom,  xlL  OXa), 

Hubbard  (ifo<A4;r).  Mother  Hubbard 9 
TaU^  by  Edmund  Spenser,  is  a  satirical 
fable  in  the  style  of  Chancer,  supposed 
to  be  told  by  an  old  woman  (Mother 
Hnbbard)  to  relieve  the  weariness  of  the 
poet  during  a  time  of  sickness.  The  tale 
IS  this:  An  ape  and  a  fox  went  into 
partnership  to  seek  their  fortunes.  They 
resolved  to  begin  their  adventures  as 
b^gars,  so  Master  Ape  dressed  himself 
as  a  broken  soldier,  and  Reynard  pre- 
tended to  be  his  dog.  After  a  time  uiey 
came  to  a  farmer,  who  employed  the  ape 
as  shepherd,  but  when  the  rascals  had 
so  reduced  the  flock  that  detection  was 
certain,  they  decamped.  Next  they  tried 
the  Church,  under  advice  of  a  priest ; 
Reynard  was  appointed  rector  to  a  living, 
and  the  ape  was  his  parish  clerk.  From 
this  living  they  were  obliged  also  to  re- 
move. Next  thev  went  to  court  as  foreign 
potentates,  and  drove  a  splendid  business, 
brt  came  to  grief  ere  long.    I^astly,  they 


saw  kin|^  Lion  asleep,  his  skin  was  lying 
beside  Inm,  with  his  crown  and  sceptre. 
Master  Ape  stole  the  regalia,  dressed 
himself  as  king  Lion,  usurped  the  royal 
palace,  made  I^ynard  his  cnief  minister, 
and  collected  round  him  a  band  of 
monsters,  chiefly  amphibious,  as  his 
guard  and  court.  In  time,  Jupiter  sent 
Mercury  to  ronse  king  Uon  from  his 
lethari^ ;  so  he  awoke  from  sleep,  broke 
into  his  palaccj  and  bit  off  the  ape*s  tail* 
with  a  part  of  its  ear. 

since  whkh.  an  apM  b«t  hidf  tbdr  Mil  hMW  Ml, 
And  of  UMlr  Uils  ars  utiMljr  bwaft. 

As  for  Reynard,  he  ran  away  at  th« 
first  alarm,  and  tried  to  curry  favour  with 
king  Lion  ;  but  the  king  only  exposed 
him  and  let  him  go  (1591). 

Hubbard  (Old  Mother)  went  to  her 
cupboard  to  get  a  bone  for  her  dog. 
but,  not  finding  one,  trotted  hither  and 
thither  to  fet<m  sundry  articles  for  his 
behoof.  Every  time  she  returned  she 
found  Master  Doggie  performing  some 
extraordinary  feat,  and  at  last,  havinff 
finished  all  her  errands,  she  made  a  grand 
curtsey  to  Master  Doggie.  The  dog,  not 
to  be  outdone  in  politeness,  made  his 
mistress  a  profound  bow;  upon  which 
the  dame  said,  "  Your  servant !  **  and  the 
dog  replied,  **  Bow,  wow  J  "  —  NwMry 
Tale, 

Hubble  (Mr,),,  wheelwridii;  a  tough, 
high-shouldered,  stooping  old  man,  of  a 
sawdusty  fn^granee,  with  his  legs  extra- 
ordinarily wide  apart. 

Mrs,  Hubble,  a  little  curly,  sharp- 
edged  person,  who  held  a  conventionally 
iuvenile  position,  because  she  had  married 
Mr.  Hubble  when  she  was  much  younger 
than  he. — C  Dickens,  Great  Espeotattomt 
(1860). 

Hubert,  "the  keeper**  of  yonnc 
prince  Arthur.  King  John  conspired 
with  him  to  murder  the  yonng  pnnce, 
and  Hubert  actually  employed  two 
ruffians  to  bum  out  tfoth  the  boy*s  eyes 
with  red-hot  irons.  Arthur  pleaded  so 
lovingly  with  Hubert  to  spare  his  eyes, 
that  he  relented  ;  however,  the  lad  was 
found  dead  soon  afterwards,  either  by 
accident  or  foul  play.  —  Shakespeare, 
King  John  (1696). 

%♦  This  "Hubert**  was  Hubert  de 
Burgh,  justice  of  England  and  earl  of 
Kent. 


One  wnald  think,  had  tt  hMn  poariUe,  that 
■pears,  when  he  nMde  king  John  excov  hi*  kitMiU^a  ol 
perpetratiac  the  deaUi  oT  Arthor  Iv  his  eon 
Uabert'e  (hoe.  bjr  which  he law  the  1  in  liw  hi  hii 


HUBERT. 


469 


HUGH  OF  UNCOLN. 


forba 


—c  dumUb.  MUtonr 


kala 

Bvberi,  an  boncst  lord,  in  love  with 
Jae'aliii  daa^i^ter  of  Gerr&rd  icing  of  the 
bcm^is. — Beaumont  and  Fletc&r,  The 
Btygan^  Bu9h  (1622). 

HiAeriy  brother  of  prince  Oswald, 
•ererely  wounded  by  count  Hurgonel  in 
the  eombat  provoked  by  Oswald  against 
Gondiberi,  his  rival  for  the  love  of 
Rhodalind  the  heiress  of  Aribert  king  of 
Lombardy. — Sir  W.  Davenant,  OonMbcrt 
(died  1668). 

Ihberlt  an  archer  in  the  service  of  sir 
niilu»  da  Malvoisin.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
IvoBhoe  (time,  Rtchard  I.). 

ffakrf  (SL)t  patron  saint  of  huntsmen. 
He  was  son  of  Bertrand  duo  d*Acqoitaine, 
sad  cousin  of  king  Pepin. 

Hnddibfras  (Sir),  a  man  "more 
k^e  in  strength  than  wise  in  works,** 
fts  suitor  of  Perisea  (extrawiganoe),— 
dfeaaer.  Fairy  QiMm,  iL  2  (1690). 

HodibraA,  the  hero  and  title  of  a 
rkyning  political  iwtire,  by  S.  Butler.  Sir 
Hadibras  is  a  Presbyterian  justioe  in  the 
CoBBOBwealth,  who  sets  out  with  his 
'sqsire  Kalph  (an  independent)  to  reform 
skases,  aaa  enforce  the  observance  of  the 
laws  for  the  suppression  of  popular  sports 
sodamusemenU  (1663,  1664, 1678). 

V  The  GnA  Street  Journal  (1781) 
■ttntatns  that  the  academy  figure  of 
Hadxbias  was  colonel  Rolle  of  Devon- 
Aire,  with  whom  the  poet  lodged  for 
ioaie  time,  and  adds  that  the  name  is 
derived  from  Hugh  de  Bras,  the  patron 
isiat  of  the  county.  Others  say  that 
m  Samnd  Luke  was  the  original,  and 
dte  the  following  distich  in  proof  there- 
if:— 

'■  a  TfcBit  MMMlalw. 

•    •    [MrLuJut] 


Hndfadge,  a  shah  of  Persia,  suffered 
■ach  fromueeplessness, and  commanded 
Fitead,  his  porter  and  gardener,  to  tell 
him  tales  to  while  awav  the  weaiy  hours. 
Fitead  declared  himself  wholly  unable  to 
comply  with  this  request.  "Then  find 
tome  one  who  can,**  said  Hudjadge,  "  or 
laffer  death  for  disobedience.**  On  reach- 
iar  home,  greatly  dejected,  he  told  his 
«uy  dai^ter,  Moradbak,  who  was 
■ocherlesa,  and  only  14  years  old,  the 
ihah's  command,  and  uie  undertook 
the  task.  She  told  the  shah  the  stories 
csUsd  The  OrieiUai  Tales,  which  not  only 
him,    but  cured  him,  and   m 


married  her. — 0»mte  de  Oaylns,  Oriental 
Tales  (1743). 

Hudson  (Sir  Geoffrey),  the  famous 
dwarf,  formerly  PAge  to  queen  Henrietta 
Maria.  Sir  Geoffrev  tells  Julian  Peveril 
how  the  late  queen  had  him  enclosed  in  a 
pie  and  brought  to  table. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Peveril  of  the  Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

*«*  Vandvke  has  immortalized  sir 
(Seoffrey  by  his  brush ;  and  some  of  his 
clothes  are  said  to  be  preserved  in  sir 
Hans  Sloaoe's  museum. 

Hudeon  (Tom),  p^mekeeper. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Ouy  Mannermg  (time,  George  II.). 

Hugh,  blacksmith  at  Ringlebum ; 
a  friend  of  Hobbie  Elliott,  the  Heugh- 
foot  farmer.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Th4  Black 
Dvxxrf  (time,  Anne). 

Hugh,  servant  at  the  Maypole  inn. 
This  giant  in  stature  and  ringleader  in 
tiie  **  No  Poperv  riots,**  was  a  natural  son 
of  sir  John  Chester  and  a  gipsy.  He 
loved  Dolly  Varden,  and  was  very  kind 
to  Bamaby  Rudge  the  half-witted  lad. 
Hugh  was  executed  for  his  participation 
in  the  "Gordon  riots.**— C.  Dickens, 
Bamaby  Rudge  (1841). 

Hugh  oount  of  Vermandois,  a 
cru8ader.--Sir  W.  Scott,  Omnt  Robert  of 
Pari*  (time,  Rufus). 

Hugh  de  Braas  {Mr.),  in  A  Regular 
F\x,  by  J.  M.  Morton. 

Hugh  of  Iiinooln,  a  boy  eight  years 
old,  said  to  have  been  stolen,  tortured, 
and  crucified  by  Jews  in  1255.  Eighteen 
of  the  wealthiest  Jews  of  linooln  were 
hanged  for  taking  part  in  this  siFair,  and 
the  boy  was  buried  in  state. 

*«*  There  are  several  documents  in 
Rvmer*s  Fcedera  relative  to  this  event. 
The  story  is  told  in  the  Chronicles  of 
Matthew  Paris.  It  is  the  subject  of  the 
Prioresses  Tale  in  CHiaucer,  and  Words- 
worth has  a  modernized  version  of 
(Queer's  tale. 

A  similar  story  is  told  of  William  of 
Norwich,  said  to  have  been  crucified  by 
the  Jews  in  1137. 

Percy,  in  his  ReliqueSy  L  8,  has  a 
ballad  about  a  boy  named  Hew,  whose 
mother  was  "lady  Hew  of  Mer^land" 
(?  England).  He  was  enticed  by  an  apple 
given  him  by  a  Jewish  damsel,  who 
"  stabbed  him  with  a  penknife,  rolled 
him  in  lead,  and  cast  him  into  a  well." 

Werner  is  another  boy  said  to  have 
boon  crucified  by  the  Jews.  The  plaoa 
of  this  alleged  murder  was  Eacharach, 


HUGO. 


400 


HTTMPHSET. 


Hugo,  oovnt  of  TcriDMidois,  brother 
of  Philippe  I.  of  France,  and  leider  of 
the  Fimnu  in  the  first  crusade.  Hugo 
died  before  Godfrey  was  appointed 
^eneial-in-chief  of  the  allied  armies  Tbk. 
L.),  bat  his  spirit  appeared  to  Godirey 
when  the  army  went  against  the  Holy 
City  (bk.  zviii.). — ^Tasao,  JerusaUm  De- 
livered (1675). 

Hvgoy  brother  of  Arnold ;  rery  imall 
of  sti^ture,  bnt  brave  as  a  lion.  He  was 
slain  in  the  faction  fight  stirred  np  by 
prince  Oswald  against  dnke  Gondibert, 
nis  rival  in  the  love  of  Rhodalind 
daughter  and  only  child  of  Ariberi  king 
of  Lombardy. 

Of  ■tatof*  aiMll,  bat  «M  an  or«r  bout. 
And  fbff  aahappy.  all  that  iMMrt  was  love 
Sir  W.  Savmant.  OMMUterC,  L  1  (dial  ISN). 

Bugo^  natusal  son  of  A20  chief  of  the 
house  of  Este  (2  sy/.)  and  Bianca,  who 
died  of  a  broken  heart,  because,  although 
a  mother,  she  was  never  wed.  Hugo 
was  betrothed  to  Parisina,  bat  his  fttther, 
not  knowing  it,  made  Parisina  his  own 
bride.  One  night  Azo  heard  Parisina 
in  her  sleep  confess  her  love  for  Hugo, 
and  the  angry  marquis  ordered  his  son  to 
be  beheads.  What  became  of  Parisina 
'*  none  knew,  and  none  can  ever  know." 
—Byron,  Parisma  (1816). 

Hugo  Hugonet,  minstrel  of  the 
eari  ^  Doi^las.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Castle 
Dangerous  (time,  Henry  I.). 

Hugon  (King),  the  great  nnrBoy 
ogre  01  France* 

Huguenot  Pope  (The),  Philippe 
de  Momay,  the  gnaX  supporter  of  toe 
French  huguenots,  is  called  Le  Pape  des 
Huguenots  (1649-1623). 

♦#*  Of  course,  Philippe  de  Momay 
was  not  one  of  the  **  popes  of  Rome." 

• 

Huguenots  (Les),  an  opera  by 
Meyerbeer  (1886).  The  subject  of  this 
opera  is  the  massacre  of  the  French 
huguenots  or  protestants,  planned  by 
Catherine  de  Mcdicis  on  St.  l^rthido- 
mew*s  Day  (Au^st  24,  1672),  during 
the  weddipg  festivities  of  her  daughter 
Margherita  (Marguerite)  and  Henri  le 
Beamais  (afterwards  Henri  lY.  of 
France). 

Hul'sean  Leotures,  certain  ser- 
mons preached  at  Great  St.  Mary's 
(%urch.  Cambridge,  and  paid  for  by  a 
fond,  the  gift  of  the  Rev.  John  Hulse, 
of  Gaeshire,  in  1777. 

\*  TAX  the  year  1860,  the  Hulseao 


Lecturer  was  called ''The  Ghrijtiaii  Ai- 

vocate.** 

Humber  or  Humbert^  nythieal 
kin^  of  the  Huns,  who  invaded  Fjigland 
during  Uie  reign  of  Locrin,  some  1006 
^ears  b.c.  In  his  flifl^t,  he  was  drowned 
in  the  river  Abus,  "vniich  has  ever  since 
been  called  the  H  umber.  —  Geoffrey, 
British  History,  ii.  2 ;  Milton,  History  of 
JEttgland, 

Tlw  andent  Britoai  j9i  a  loeptred  kSns  olMgwd 
Tlira*  hondicd  »«an  Mora  B— irt 


And  had  a  Iho—nd  jmn  an  amplra  ibaii^  atoed 
Bra  Cbmt  to  bar  riioraa  ben  atanuned  Um  dreUng  food  ] 
▲ad  kag  beCora  botn*  arms  asalnat  tha  baibi 
Hara  fattdlBf  wUh  Intent  the  kle  to  oTontn : 

Aai.Mkmatg  tbtm  In  fllfbt,  tfadr  

divwaed, 
la  that  jraat  ana  of  Ma  ty  Us  graat  i 

ttajrton,  rolyoWen,  tUL  (iei2) :  tM  aba  nvlB. 

Hum^d'geon  (Oraoe-^te-^ere)^  « 
corporal  m  CrojDwell*s  troop. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Woodstock  (time,  Commoawealth). 

Hunun  (AjiiAony),  diainnaa  of  tbtt 
"  Brick  Lane  Branch  of  the  United  Grand 
Junction  Ebmezer  Temperance  Aaaocis<^ 
tion.**— C.  Dickens,  The  Pickwick  Pmers 
(1836). 

Huxnma,  a  faboloos  bivd,  of  which 

it  was  said  that  **  the  head  over  which 

the   ahadow   of   its  wings   paases  will 

assuredly  wear  a  crown."->WilkM,  South 

of  India,  v.  428. 

BaUhebaMMte 
Ihe  himiina'i  bwpjr  vIimi  have  Am 
And.  therafora.  rate  arith  royahy  ai 
HJi  -  - 


Bootbqy.  Bod«»iak,  ele..  nii.  (Uie 

Humorous  Iiieutttiant  ( The),  tiie 
diitf  character  and  title  of  a  comedy  by 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher  (1647).  The 
lieutenant  has  no  name. 

Humpback  (The),  Andrea  Sola'ri, 
the  Italian  painter,  was  called  Del  QobbQ 
(1470-1627). 

Qeron'imo  Amelunghi  was  also  called 
H  Oobbo  di  Pisa  (sixteenth  century). 

Humplire7  (Master),  the  h\^po- 
thetical  compiler  of  the  tale  endUed 
"  Bamaby  Rudge  "  in  Master  Humphrey*s 
Clock,  by  Charles  Dickens  (1840). 

Humphrey  (Old),  pseudonym  of  Geor^ 
M<^ipriage. 

**«*  George  Mogridge  has  also  issued 
several  books  under  the  popular  name  of 
^*  Peter  Parley,"  which  was  first  assumed 
by  S.  G.  Goodrich,  in  1828.  Several 
publishers  of  high  standing  have  con^ 
descended  to  palm  books  on  the  pnblio 
under  this  nom  de  plutne,  some  written  by 


HUMFHSET* 


461 


HUNBREIX-HANDED. 


WilliAiii  Martin,  and  others  by  persons 
wkollj  unknown. 

Huatpkrey  (The good  duke),  Humphrey 
Plantagenet,  aake  of  Gloucester,  yoangest 
son  of  Henxy  IT.,  murdered  in  1440. 

Uwmpkrey  {To  dine  with  duke),  to  go 
without  dinner.  To  stay  behind  in  St. 
Panics  aisles,  under  pretence  of  finding 
eat  the  monument  of  duke  Humphrey, 
while  others  more  fortunate  go  hcMse  to 


*«*  It  was  really  the  monument  of  John 
Beaochamp  that  the  "dinnerless^  hung 
about,  and  not  that  of  duka  Humphrey. 
John  Beanchamp  died  in  1369,  ana  duke 
Ham|)hrey  in  1446. 

A  sisBilar  phnse  is,  "To  be  the  giiest 
of  the  cross-legged  knights,**  meaning 
the  stone  effigies  in  the  Round  Chunch 
(London).  Lawyers  at  one  time  made 
this  dioreh  the  nodezyous  of  their 
eficnts,  and  here  a  host  of  dinnerless 
Tsgabonds  used  to  loiter  about,  in  the 
ht^  of  picking  up  a  job  which  would 
faniish  tosm  with  tne  means  of  getting  a 


To  dine  or  sup  with  sir  Thomas 
'  means  the  same  ^ing,  the 
Beysl  Exchange  being  at  one  time  the 
graU  lounge  of  idlers. 


TMwftli 


tiKNi  art  lakMi  m ; 

^iimi  Qos(  uliiflL 


ISM). 

Hnnoamunoa  (iVmoMs).  daughter 
si  kintf  Arthur  and  queen  DollaUolla, 
beloved  by  lord  Grizzle  and  Tom  Thumb. 
Hk  king  promises  her  in  marriage  to  the 
"  pigmjr  giant-oueller.**  Uuacamunca 
kills  Frizaletta  **for  killing  her  mamma.** 
Bat  FrizaletU  killed  the  queen  for  killii^ 
her  sweetheart  Noodle,  and  the  queen 
kiOed  Noodle  because  he  was  the  messen- 
nr  of  ill  news. — Tom  7%umb,  by  Fielding 
Uw  novelist  (1730),  altered  by  O^Uaim, 
suthor  of  Midat  (1778). 

Hnnefabaek  (Tke),  Master  Walter 
"the  hunchback  "  was  the  guardian  of 
Ja^  aad  brought  her  up  in  ue  country, 
*^'***g  her  moat  strictly  in  knowledge 
nd  gDodnesa.  When  grown  to  woman- 
hood, she  was  introduced  to  sir  Thomas. 
Qrffonl,  and  they  plighted  their  troth  to 
csch  other.  Thencameacluuige.  Clifford 
tort  his  title  and  estates,  while  Julia  went 
to  London,  beeame  a  votarv  of  fashion 
sad  pkasure,  abandoned  Cliflford,  and 
moBised  marriage  to  Wilford  earl  of 
fiocfadale.  The  day  of  espousals  came. 
The  love  of  Julia  for  Clinord  revived, 


and  she  implored  her  guardian  to  break 
off  the  obnoxious  marriage.  Master 
Walter  now  showed  himself  to  be  the 
earl  of  Rochdale,  and  the  father  of  Julia ; 
the  marriage  with  Wilford  fell  through, 
and  Julia  became  the  wife  of  sir  lliomas 
Clifford.— S.  Knowles  (1881). 

*«*  Similarly,  Maria  **  the  maid  of  the 
Oaks*'  was  brought  up  by  Oldworth  as 
his  ward,  but  was  in  r^li^  his  mother- 
less child.— J.  Burgoyne,  Ifte  Maid  of  the 
Oaks, 

Hunchback  (The  Littte),iht  buffoon  of 
the  sultan  of  Casgar.  Supping  with  a 
tailor,  the  Uttle  fellow  was  kiUed  bv  a 
bone  sticking  in  his  throat.  The  tailor, 
out  of  fear,  carried  the  body  to  the  house 
of  a  physician,  and  the  physician,  stum- 
bling against  it,  knocked  it  downstairs. 
Thinking  he  had  killed  the  man,  he  let 
the  bo<hr  down  a  chimney  into  the  store- 
room of  his  neighbour,  who  was  a  pur- 
veyor. The  purvejror,  supposing  it  to  be 
a  thief,  belaboured  it  soundly  j  uui  then, 
thinking  he  had  killed  the  little  hnmp- 
back,  carried  the  body  into  the  street,  and 
set  it  against  a  wall.  A  Christian  mer- 
chant, reeling  home,  stumbled  against  the 
body,  and  save  it  a  blow  with  his  fist. 
Just  then  the  patrol  came  up,  and  arrested 
the  merchant  for  murder.  He  was  con- 
demned to  death ;  but  the  purvevor  came 
forward  and  accuficd  himself  of  being  the 
real  offender.  The  merchant  was  ac- 
cordingly released,  and  the  purveyor 
condemned  to  death ;  but  then  the  phy- 
sician appeared,  and  said  he  had  killed 
the  man  by  accident,  having  knocked 
him  downstairs.  When  the  purveyor 
was  released,  and  the  physician  led  away 
to  execution,  the  tailor  stepped  up,  and 
told  his  tale.  All  were  then  taken  before 
the  sultan,  and  acquitted  ;  and  the  sultan 
ordered  the  case  to  be  enrolled  in  the 
archives  of  his  kingdom  amongst  the 
oauees  c^iebre».—Arx£ian  Nights  (**The 
Uttle  Hunchback"). 

HTrndeberL  steward  to  Cedrio  of 
Rotherwood. — Sir  W.  Soott,  Ivankoe, 

Hundred  FigrbtS  (Hero  of  a),  Conn, 
son  of  Cormae  king  of  Ireland.  Called 
in  Irish  '*  Conn  K^Klcahagh.** 

Arthur  Wellesley  lord  Wellington. 

Vf  (his  Is  Bag Ikod't  greatMt  wm, 

Ht  who  gained  •  SiMdrMl  Bg lits 

Kor  trer  1m(  •  BrltUh  gam.-  Tmmtmm. 

Admiral  Horatio  lord  Nelson. 

Hundred-Handed  ( The),  Briar'eos 
(4  »yL)  or  ^gieon,  with  his  brothers 


HUNDWOLF. 


462 


HUON  DE  BORDEAUX. 


Gjgds  and  Kottos,  were   all   hundred- 
liMid«d  fpMltS. 

Homer  makes  Briareos  4  si^l. ;  bat 
Shaktspeare  writes  it  in  the  Latin  form, 
"  Briareua,"  and  makes  it  8  syl. 

Tbm,  alM  by  die*.  Um  mauUe  THui  can*. 

-^  mixAm  lk4*aM«M     ^,m,,      WtmM    n    maim* 

MB  BOOB  flV^BWvBU  HISH  ^•WOl'n  MhD0« 

Pope.  /Had,  1  (ITUQ. 

H«  to  a  fiMrtr  BriMW.    Umbj  haadi. 
And  of  no  om. 

IVoMm  Mtf  0»«M«*i.  act  L  H.  fl  (ISM). 


Hundwol^  steward  to  the  old  lady 
of  Baldrin^ham.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Thg 
Betrothed  (time,  Henry  II.)* 

Hun^^arian  {An),  one  half-starved, 
one  suffering  from  hunger. 

Ha  to  hlda-boiifi4;  ka  toaa  Hni^rlta  —Bo^dl.  Av 


Hunia'des  (4  eylX  called  by  the 
Turks  '*  The  De^-il.*'  He  was  sumamed 
**  Conrlnus,'*  and  the  family  crest  wms  a 
crow  (1400-1456). 

Tba  Torki  MBplmd  tta  BMM  ar  HanlaMa  to  ftrlghm 
tbalr  oemtm  cfalkbva.    Ha  was  oomipdjr  caltod  "  Ja 


lain.*— Gibbon.  AMHtM  Mtf /tall.  ataL.  xU.  IM  (177S-88). 

Hunsdon  (Lord),  cousin  of  queen 
Elizabeth.  — Sir  W.  Scott,  Kemlworth 
(time,  Elizabeth). 

Hunter  (Mr,  and  Mrs,  Leo),  persons 
who  court  the  society  of  any  celebrity, 
and  consequently  invite  Mr.  Pickwick 
and  his  three  friends  to  an  entertainment 
in  their  house.  Mrs.  Leo  Hunter  wrote 
an  ^*Ode  to  an  Expiring  Frog,*'  con- 
sidered by  her  frienas  a  most  masterly 
performance. — C.  Dickens,  The  Pickwick 
Tapers  (1836). 

Oui  I  tI«w  thaa  pantbifr  Mnc 
Oil  thy  itomach.  vlthtNit  Kshmg; 
Oui  I  un'awvad  mo  tbw  d^nc 
On  a  lof.  ttplrlng  (Inof ! 

■av.  hava  Sand*  tai  ahapa  of  bora, 
With  wild  halloo,  and  bnital  notoib 
Honted  thae  from  uxuAy  Joya. 
WUh  a  dog.  akpMt«  fkvfl  I 

Hunter  ( The  Mighty),  Nimrod ;  so  called 
in  (Jen.  z.  9. 

Prond  Nimrod  flnA  the  blood/  diaae  r«rar]  bi^ui. 
A  aJghtgr  buDtar,  and  hto  prajr  was  n»n. 

Popa.  WituUar  Fitrmt  OTIS). 


Huntingdon  (Bobert  earl  of),  gene- 
raUy  caUed  *' Robin  Hood."  In  1601 
Anthony  Munday  and  Henry  Che^e 
produced  a  drama  entitled  T/te  Downfall 
of  Robert  Earl  of  Huntingdon  (attributed 
often  to  T.  Heywood).  Ben  Jonson 
began  a  beautifurpastond  drama  on  the 
subject  of  Robin  Hood  ( The  Sad  Shepherd 
or  A  Tale  of  Rnhin  Hood),  but  left  only 
two  acU  of  it  when  he  died  (1687).  We 
have  also  Hobin  Hood  and  His  Crew  of 


Souldiers,  a  comedy  acted  at  Nottingham, 
and  printed  1661 ;  Robin  Hood,  an  opera 
(1730).  J.  Ritson  edited,  in  1795,  Jiobin 
liood:  a  Collection  of  Poems,  Songs,  and 
Ballads  relative  to  that  Celebrated  English 
Outlaw, 

Huntingdon  (The  earl  of),  in  the  conrt 
of  queen  Elizabeth.— Sir  W.  Scott,  KeniU 
worth  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Huntingdon  (David  earl  of),  prince 
royal  of  Scotland.  He  appears  first  as 
sir  Kenneth  knight  of  the  Leopud,  and 
afterwards  as  Zohauk  the  Nubian  slave. 
—Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Talisman  (tim«, 
Richard  I.). 

Huntingdon  Sturgeon  and  Qod- 
manohester  Hogs. 


Daring  a  vary  Ugh  Seed  bi  Ika 
Huntingdon  and    Oudmanchcalar.  witthlBg 
ioating.  wliidi  tba  Gedaauichaatar  peoule  tboaght 
blaefc  hog.  and  Um  HnnUagdaa  folk  daolnnd  woa  a 
iturgaon.    Whan  re«ued  from  tha  walan,  k  f  otad  la  ha 
a  foang  donkc]r.->Lord  Bkay brooka  (Pcfn  Mmrff,  May 

Huntinglen  (The  earl  of),  an  old 
Scotch  nobleman.— -Sir  W.  Scott,  Fortunes 
of  Nigel  (time,  James  I.). 

Huntly  ( The  marouis  of),  a  royalist. 
— Sir  W.  Scott,  Legend  of  Montrose  (tame, 
Charles  I.). 

Huon,  a  serf,  secretary  and  tutor  of 
the  countess  Catherine,  with  whom  he 
HX\s  in  love.  He  reads  with  mnsac  in 
his  voice,  talks  enchantingly,  writes 
admirably^  translates  **  dark  languages,** 
is  *^wise  in  rare  philosophy,**  is  master 
of  the  hautboy,  lute,  and  viol,  **  proper  in 
trunk  and  limb  and  feature  :*'  but  tibe 
proud  countess,  though  she  loves  hnn, 
revolts  from  the  idea  of  marrying  a  serf. 
At  len^h  it  comes  to  the  ears  of  ute  duke 
that  his  daughter  loves  Huon,  and  the 
duke  commands  him,  on  pain  of  death, 
to  marry  Catherine,  a  freed  serf.  He 
refuses,  till  the  countess  interferes;  he 
then  marries,  and  rushes  to  the  wars. 
Here  he  greatly  distinguishes  himself, 
and  is  crMted  a  prince,  when  be  learns 
that  the  Catherine  he  has  wed  is  not 
Catherine  the  freed  serf,  but  Catherine  the 
countess. — S.  Knowles,  Lots  (1840). 

Huon  de  Bordeaux  (^)>  who 
married  Esclairmond,  and,  when  Oberon 
went  to  paradise,  succeeded  him  as  **king 
of  aU  Faery.** 

In  the  second  part,  Huon  visits  the 
terrestrial  paradise,  and  encounters  Cain, 
the  ftrst  murderer,  in  performance  of  his 
penance. — Huon  de  Bordeaux, 

*«*  An  abstract  of  this  romance  is  ^ 


HUR  AL  OYUN. 


468   HYDER  ALI  KHAN  BEUAUDER. 


Dnnlop's  Histury  of  Fiction,  See  also 
Keightley*^  Fairu  Mythoiogu,  It  ii  also 
the  subject  of  Wieland's  Obefxm^  which 
haa  been  translated  by  Sotheby. 

Hur  al  OyuiXy  the  black-eyed 
dauffliters  of  paradise,  created  of  pure 
mask.  They  are  free  from  all  bodily 
weakness,  and  are  ever  young.  Every 
belieYer  will  have  seventy-two  of  these 
girls  as  his  household  companions  in 
paradise,  and  those  who  desire  children 
will  see  them  grow  to  maturity  in  an 
hour. — Al  Kcrdn^  Sale's  notes. 

'  Hurgonel  {Cmatt),  the  betrx>thed  of 
Oma  sister  of  duke  Gondibert. — Sir  Wm. 
Davenant,  Gondibert,  iii.  1  (died  1668). 

Hi2rlo-Thru2nbo,a  budesone  which 
bad  an  extraordinary  run  at  the  Haymar- 
kct  Theatre. — Samnel  Johnson  {not  Dr. 
S.  John:ion),  Hurio-Tht-wrtbo  or  The 
Smpernaturai  (1730). 

ComMaf.  then.  biCora.  Ilka  Hurio-TbrumbOb 
Y<M  aim  your  d«b  at  anr  creed  on  eArth. 
Tbat,  by  Um  rfnipto  aceUsni  of  birth, 

Yoa  111%^  have  boon  biyb  prte»t  tu  UuuUio-Jiinibo. 

Hood. 

Hurry,  servant  of  Oldworth  of  Old- 
woith  Oaks.  He  is  always  out  of  breath, 
wholly  nnable  to  keep  quiet  or  stand 
soil,  and  proves  the  truth  of  the  (M'overb, 
'*The  more  haste  the  wonte  speed.*'  He 
fancies  everything  must  go  wrong  if  he  is 
not  bustling  about,  and  ne  is  a  constant 
fidget. — J.  ISurgoyne,  The  Maid  of  the 
Oaks. 


foarWmtuml  ''Earn'' wuooaotbiM hi^puU. and 
t»k«n  Crmn  ra«l  Um.  I  neod  uot  tall  thom  vho 
wowaitxr  tlili  canulBa  repraMiitar  of  natura.  that  la 
**  lianr'  h0  Uwaw  Um  audtooca  Into  loud  flu  of  mirtli 
vtihmt  dbcooapoilng  a  nuisda  of  hb  taUuMi  [17S7-1776^ 
— T.  Havlai. 

HurtalL  a  giant  who  reigned  in  the 
time  of  the  Flo^ 


_  .^_^,w  aflbm  tiMt  Hurtali.  betog  loo  big  to  get 
tea  tbe  ark.  aAaitilde  upon  It,  a*  cblldrao  ttildaa  woodeo 
I.— Babelaia.  rrnntmort^  tt.  L 


(Minage  says  that  the  rabbins  assert 
that  it  was  Og,  not  HurUUi,  who  thus 
outrode  the  Flood. — See  Le  Pelletler,  chap. 
XXV.  of  his  Noah*s  Ark.) 

HuBh'ai  (2  sul,)y  in  Dr^den's  satire 
of  Absatom  and  Achitopheij  u  Hyde  earl 
of  Rochester.  As  Unshai  was  David's 
friend  and  wise  connsellor,  so  was  Hyde 
the  friend  and  wise  counsellor  of  Charles 
H.  As  the  connsel  of  Hushai  rendered 
abortive  that  of  Achitophel,  and  caused 
the  plot  of  Absalom  to  miscarry,  so  the 
eoQiuel  of  Hyde  rendered  abortive  that 
of  lord  Shaftesbury',  and  caused  the  plot 
of  Monmoath  to  miscarry. 


Hu^Mii.  Iho  frieiid  of  David  in  diitmt ; 
In  iHiiilic  »tonni  of  nanhr  stMlflutnen; 
By  foreigu  iraulM  be  informed  lii«  youth. 
And  jolueil  vxperieuoe  to  his  native  truth. 
Drydeu.  AS»atom  mud  AdUtophaU  L  OtmU 


Hut'cheon,  the  auld  domestic  in 
Wandering  WUlic's  tale.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Bedgauntlet  (time,  George  III.). 

Jfufcheotif  one  of  Julian  Avenel's  re- 
tainers.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Monastery 
(time,  Elizabeth). 

Hutin  (Le),  Louis  X.  of  France;  so 
called  from  his  expedition  against  the 
Hutins,  a  seditious  people  of  Navarre  and 
Lyons  (1289,  13i4>iai6). 

Hy'aointli,  son  of  Amjclas  the 
Spartan  king.  He  was  ))laving  quoics 
with  Apollo,  when  the  wind  drove  the 
quoit  of  the  sun-^od  against  the  boy's 
head,  and  killed  him  on  the  spot.  From 
the  blood  grew  the  flower  called  hyacinth, 
which  bears  on  its  petals  the  words,  "  ai  ! 
Al  1"  ("alas  I  aks  !  ").— Grecian  Fable. 

Hyacinthe  (8  8yl.)y  the  daughter  of 
seigneur  Gdronte  (2  syi.),  who  passed  in 
Tanmtum  under  the  assumed  name  of 
Pandolphe  (2  syl.).  When  he  quitted 
Tarentum,  he  left  behind  him  his  wife  and 
daughter  Hyacinthe.  Octave  (2  syL) 
son  of  Argante  (2  syL)  fell  in  love  with 
Hyacinthe  (supposing  her  surname  to  be 
Pandclphe),  and  Octave's  father  wanted 
him  to  marry  the  daughter  of  his  friend 
seigneur  G^ronte.  The  young  man  would 
not  listen  to  his  father,  and  declared  that 
Hyacinthe,  and  Hyacinthe  alone,  should 
be  his  wife.  It  was  then  explained  to 
him  that  Hyacinthe  Pandolphe  was  the 
same  person  as  Hyacinthe  Gdronte,  and 
that  tne  choioe  of  father  and  son  were  in 
exact  accord. — Molibre,  Les  Fourberies  de 
Soapin  (1671). 

(In  The  Cheats  of  Scapin,  Otway's  ver- 
sion of  this  play,  Hyacinthe  is  called 
"CUra,"  her  father  G^onte  "Gripe,"  and 
Oetavc  is  Anglicized  into  "  Octavian.") 

Hyacinthe  {Father),  Charles  Lovson,  a 
celebrated    pulpit    orator    and    French 
[1827- 


theologian  (J 


). 


Hy  Braaail,  the  GaeUc  "Island  of 
the  Blest." 

That  bright.  peaoeAiI  worid  which.  Uka  Hjr  Bramll.  was 
to  her  onlly  a  dua,  dalidoiM  irmuu.—Dttrk  OqUmh,  UL 

Hydar  {El),  chief  of  the  Ghaut 
Mountains ;  hero  and  title  of  a  melodrama 
by  Barrymore. 

Hyder  AH  Khan  Behauder,  the 
nawaub  of  Mysore  (2  syl,),  disguised  us 


HYDRA. 


464 


HTRCAN  TIGEB. 


[: 


the  Bheik  Hali.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Sur- 
geon's Daughter  (time,  George  II.). 

Hydra  or  Dragon  of  the  Hesperian 

grove.    The  golden  apples  of  the  Ues- 

perian  field  were  guarded  by  women  called 

the  HesperldcBi  assisted  by  the  hydra  or 

dragon  named  Ladon. 

Hw  flown  7  itora 
To  thM  nor  TenpA  shall  rcfWe,  nor  wsteh 
Of  iribaM  hydn  guard  HetpolMi  fraits 
From  tiur  OreeqialL 
ikaiMfate.  ri0amr«$  <if  tmagtmativH,  I.  {X7U). 

Hy'dromel  properly  means  a  mix- 
ture of  honey  and  water;  but  Mrs. 
Browning,  in  her  Drama  of  Exiley  speaks 
of  a  "mystic  hydromel,"  which  cor- 
responds to  the  classic  nectar  or  drink  of 
the  immortals.  This  "mystic  hydromel" 
was  given  to  Adam  and  Eve,  and  held 
them  "immortal"  as  long  as  thev  lived 
in  Eden,  but  when  they  fell  it  was 
poured  out  upon  the  earth. 

fJt><lnofir  our  right  hand  hatfa  no  CMP  rwwlnliit .  .  . 
'"    lUMmjrtttcbjfdroiiMliifpUt. 

I.  &  BrowniBg.  A  Drvma  «f  SxSU  (1S90). 

Hydropsy,  personified  by  Thomson : 

On  Umbs  enonnous,  but  withal  unaoond. 
Soft-swolu  and  wan,  here  lajr  pale  Ujrdrop^,— 
UnwlaMy  man  ;  with  belly  nMMUtroni  round. 
For  over  fed  with  watery  supply. 
For  Mill  be  dmnk.  and  yet  waa  ever  dry. 

Com*  vf  IndoUne*,  L  76  (1748). 

Hsnoibercourt  (Baron  (f ),  one  of 
the  duke  of  Burgundy *s  officers. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Quentin  Vurvoard  (time,  Edward 
IV.). 

Hymen,  god  of  marriage;  the  per- 
sonification of  the  bridal  song ;  marriage. 

Till  Hymen  brought  hla  loT*-ddl|^tad  how. 
Ibare  dwelt  no  Jujr  In  Kden'i  raqr  bower  .  .  . 
The  world  wax  wd,  Ute  garden  wai  a  wild. 
And  man.  the  bormit.  i4|cbed— tiO  woman  miled. 
Campbell.  fUatmrta  <^  JVepe.  IL  (178S)u 

Hymettaa,  a  mountain  in  Attica, 
noted  for  honey. 

And  the  brown  beoi  of  Hymettui 
Make  tbair  honey  not  ao  twe^ 

Mn.  Browning.  Win*  tf  C9pn»»,l. 

Hsrndman  {Master)^  usher  to  the 
council-chamber  at  Holyrood. — Sir  W* 
Scott,  The  Abbot  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Hyperi'on.  the  sun.  His  parents 
were  Caelum  ana  Tellus  {heaven  and  earth). 
Strictly  speaking,  he  was  the  father  of 
the  sun,  but  Homer  uses  the  word  for  the 
sun  itself. 

When  the  might 
or  Hyperion  from  hU  uooo-tMe  throna 
Unbeodt  thdr  huigutd  pintou*  li.e.  q^  Me  wtnddl 

Akaaaidc.  iigmn  to  Oe  Jrataito  (170). 

(Shakespeare  incorrectly  throws  the 
accent  on  the  second  syllable:  "  Hyper'ion 
to  a  satyr*'  {Hamlety  act  i.  sc.  2).  In  this 
almost  all  English  poets  have  erred  with 


Shakespeare ;  but  Akenside  acoenta  the 
word  correctly,  and  in  Fukmu  Trees  we 
have: 

Blow,  geoQa  AMcna, 
Play  on  our  poopi.  when  Hyperion's  aoa 
Shall  oondi  In  weiL  (ISB). 

Plncat  eqno  Penis  radfla  Hypcrtonc  dnctom. 

Ovid.  r«tti,  L  SSSL) 

*^*  Keats  has  left  the  fragment  of  a 
poem  entitled  Hyperion,  of  which  Byroa 
says :  "  It  seems  inspired  by  the  TitanSy 
and  is  as  sublime  as  iEschylos." 

Hypnos,  god  of  sleep,  brother  of 
Oneiros  (dreams)  and  Thanfttos  (death). 

In  eveqr  oaature  ttwt  breathea.  fSmn  the  wnmneroc 
resting  on  a  fleU  of  blood,  to  tlte  nest-bird  cradled  in  its 
bed  of  leares,  Hypnoa  hokla  a  sovereignty  which  nothing 
mortal  can  long  resist,    Quids,  /W>e-/lsrftM.  iH.  H. 


Hyx>oohondria»    personified      bj 
Thomson : 


And  moping  hare,  did  Hypocfeflodrfa  sit. 
Mother  of  spleen,  in  robes  of  various  dye  . . . 
And  soma  har  frantic  deemed,  and  somo  her  desmad  a  wlL 
OattU  tf  MdelOTsee,  L  78  (17dl|. 

Hypocrisy  is  the  homage  which  vice 
renders  to  virtue. 

Llqrpocrisle  est  nn  horn  mage  que  b  rloe  rand  4  lafarta. 
— BocBefbucMild. 

Hyp'ocrite  (The),  Dr.  Cantwell  in 
the  English  comedv  by  Isaac  Bickerstaif, 
and  TartufiFe  in  the  French  comcMly  by 
MoUbre.  He  pretends  to  great  sanctity, 
but  makes  his  "religion**  a  mere  trade 
for  getting  money,  advancing  his  worldly 
prospects,  and  for  the  better  indulgence 
of  his  sensual  pleasures.  Dr.  Cantwell  it 
made  the  guest  of  sir  John  Lambert  (in 
French,  "  Orgon**),  who  looks  on  him  as  a 
saintj  and  promises  him  his  daughter  la 
marnage ;  but  his  mercenary  views  and 
his  love-making  to  lady  Lambert  bein^ 
at  length  exposed,  sir  John  forbids  him 
to  remain  in  the  house,  and  a  Upetafl 
arrests  him  for  a  felonious  fraud  (1/68). 

Hyp'ocrites  (The),  Abdallah  iba 
Obba  and  his  partisans  were  so  called  by 
Mahomet. 

Hyp'ocrites  (The  prince  of),  Tiberius 
Oesar  (b.c.  42,  14  to  a.d.  87). 

Hyppolito.    (See  Hippolttus.) 


Hyrcan  Tiger.  Hyrcania  is  in 
Minor,  south-east  of  the  Caspian  Sea* 
BouiUetsays:  "  Ce  iMiys  dtait  tout  entoiuntf 
de  montagnes  remplies  de  tigres." 

Bestora  thy  fiaroe  and  cr.  ai'mind 
To  Hlrcan  tigrea  and  to  nithlcaB  bears. 

Daniel.  Se*MMesa«4L 

Approach  thon  Bka  the  Tl— tan  bear, 
TIm  armed  rtiinocsroa,  or  tha  Hyroan  tliBr|i 
IMce  any  form  but  Uiat,  and  mjr  lot  aarvst 
Shall  never  tremble. 


lACHIMO. 


466 


WES. 


Tiu^hlm/^  Tra¥,i,mo]j  aa  Itelkn  Uber- 
M.  When  Pocthu'miu,  the  husband  of 
Ijmvch,  wm  bwiiihed  for  narrying  the 
kin^  fl  daoj^ter,  he  w«it  to  Rome,  and 
n  the  hoQie  of  PhiUrio  the  eonvenation 
fell  oa  the  fidelitjr  of  wires.  Poethaniw 
bet  a  diamond  ring  that  nothii^  could 
chaa^  the  fidelity  of  Imc^gea,  and 
ladumo  accepted  tM  wajger.  The  libera 
feioe  contriveid  to  get  into  a  chest  in 
loogea's  diamber,  made  himself  mast« 
of  certain  details,  and  took  away  with 
hia  a  bracelet  belonging  to  Imogea. 
With  these  TOQchen,  lachimo  easUy  per- 
Maded  Pos&umns  that  he  had  won  the 
bst,  aad  Posthumoa  handed  over  to  him 
the  rio^.  A  battle  subsequently  ensued, 
a  whidh  ladiimo  and  other  Romans, 
with  Imogen  disguised  as  a  page,  were 
Bade  prisoners,  and  brought  be^re  king 
Cymbcline.  Imogen  was  set  free,  and 
tNd  to  ask  a  boon.  She  asked  that 
hdiimo  might  be  compelled  to  say  how 
he  came  by  the  ring  which  he  had  on  his 
fager,  and  &e  whole  villainy  was  brou^t 
to  Light.  Posthumua  was  pardoned,  and 
all  ended  happily. — Shakespeare,  Cymbe- 
liMe  (1605). 

\*  The  tale  of  Cymbelme  is  from  the 
Decamerom  at  Boccaccio  (day  ii.  9),  in 
which  ladiimo  is  called  "Ambrose,** 
Imogen  is  **  Zinenra,**  her  husband  Ber- 
Bsid  '*  Lomellin,**  and  Cymbeline  is  the 
^nitaa.**  The  assumad  name  of  Imo- 
fn  is  '*  Fidel^**  but  in  Boccaccio  it  is 
**Sie«nuio  da  finale.** 

Ift'go  (3  or  8  sy/.),  ancient  of  Othello 
eommander  of  the  Yenetiaa  army,  and 
kasband  of  Emilia.  lago  hated  Othello, 
boCh  because  Classic  (a  Florentine)  was 
promoted  to  the  lieutenancy  over  his  head, 
sad  also  from  a  suspicion  that  the  Moor 
had  tampered  with  his  wife  ;  but  he  con- 
ceded his  hatred  so  artfully  that  Othello 
feU  confident  of  his  "  love  and  honesty.*' 
lago  strung  together  such  a  mass  of 
dreamataatial  evidence  in  proof  of  Des- 
Jemona^s  love  for  Cassio,  that  the  Moor 
killed  her  oat  of  jealousy.  One  main 
tegument  was  that  Desdemona  had  given 
CuMo  the  very  handkerchief  which 
Othello  had  given  her  as  a  love>gift ;  but 
ia  reality  lago  had  induced  his  wife 
Eailja  to  purloin  the  handkerchief. 
Wben  this  villainy  was  brought  to  light. 
Othello  stabbed    la^;   baft  hia  actnal 


death  is  no  incident  of  the  tragedy.— 
Shakespeare,  OtheUo  (1611). 

Tbm  eool  nnUcnltr  of  hfo.  rflent  in  bif  wtentiit, 
nbU«  in  bl«  doticM.  And  ■tudlous  at  once  of  hi'  InMrat 
■wl«lik  viMi«HUM«, ...  are  aicta  prwrfb  of  SNJMawwfli 
ikS  in  iww  nalw*  •■  k  would  be  vain  to  Mnli  in  aa^ 
Biodeni  writar.— Dr.  Joluiaoa. 

*«*  Byron,  speakin^jp  of  John  P.  Kem- 
ble,  sa^s:  **  Was  not  his  *  lago*  perfection 
— particularly  the  last  look  f  I  was  close 
to  him,  and  I  never  saw  an  English  coun- 
tenance half  so  expressive.** 

Iambic  Verse  {TKe  Father  of), 
Achil'ochos  of  Paros  (d.c.  714-676). 

lanthe  (8  sy/.),  ia  The  Siege  of 
ShodeSj  by  sir  William  Daveoant. 


wmaOtd  "laaHM-  bf  Prtfn,  la  hb 
Dtarg.  a«  iMvlna  pcrfomMd  Uatt  dianwlar  t»  bh  crMt 
approval.  The  old  foerip  freatljr  admired  iier.  and  pralaed 
bar  "aweet  voice  and  Ipcon^aiaMe  acUiis.*~w.  0. 
Jt9prw0itiMti99  Acton, 


Ian' the  (8  sy/.),  to  whom  lord  Bvron 
dedicated  nis  Cfulde  Harold^  was  lady 
Charlotte  Uarley,  who  was  only  elevMi 
years  old  at  the  time  (1809). 

Ibe'ria'8  Pilot,  Christopher  Co- 
himbus.  Spain  is  called  "Iberia**  and 
the  Spaniards  the  'Mbe'ri.**  The  river 
Ebro  is  a  corrupt  form  of  the  Latin  word 
Ibe'ras. 

Laandied  with  Iberia's  pDot  tivm  tfia  i 
To  worUi  onknovn.  and  tales  beyond  the  i 

Oaipbell.  Th«  iHtanttrm  9f  a*p«,  a  (U^ 


Iblifl  ('^despair'*),  called  Aza'zil  before 
he  was  cast  out  of  neaven.  He  refused 
to  pay  homage  to  Adam,  aad  was  rejected 
by  God. — AiKordn, 

**  We  craatod  700.  and  aftervardt  Ibnned  you.  aad  all 
wonb^iped  exoqit  IbUB."  .  .  .  And  God  aaid  unto  him 
"  What  hindered  na  fimn  wortbtpptuf  Adam,  eiBaa  I 
eommanded  Ut"  He  answered.  **  I  am  more  eseeUent 
tkan  he.  Thoa  hast  cwaied  hm  of  Ire,  bat  Mm  of  clajr.* 
Ood  Mid.  "Get  thee  down,  therefere.  f^em  paradiee .  .  . 
thoa  riiatt  be  one  of  the  cootemptiUa.''— ^  (  KorAn,  wiL 

Ib'rmhim  or  IilUastre  Bassa. 
an  heroic  romance  of  Mdlle.  de  Scudm 
(1641). 

loe'ni  (8  f  tf/.),  the  people  of  Suffolk, 
Norfolk,  Cambridgeshire,  and  Hunting- 
donshire. Their  metropolis  was  Venta 
(CSittstor,  near  Norwich). — Richard  of 
Cirencester,  Chronicle,  vi.  80. 

The  AM««.  •  .  .  aDured  witti ...  the  ftttnea  of  the  pfaM 
Where  the  loenl  lived,  did  set  tlteir  kingdom  dowa  .  .  . 
▲ad  the  East  Anda^  kingdom  thoie  Eugilab  did  iiwtlle. 
Drafton.  PolgoUdon,  xvl.  (ISlS). 

Idalia»  Yen  us ;  so  called  from 
IdSHlvuriy  a  town  in  Cyprus,  where  she  waa 
worshipped. 

Iden  {Alexander)^  a  poor  squii«  of 
Kent,  who  slew  Jack  C!ade  the  rebel,  and 
broneht  the  head  to  king  Henr^r  YI.,  lor 
whi<m  service  tiie  king  said  to  mm : 

8  B 


IDENSTEIK. 


466 


I.  H.  8. 


IdM,  knad  down.    WMupaknlilit. 

We  tlv*  tiiee  Cor  rtwaivl  a  thoiuftnd  nurki ; 

And  will  tlMt  tboa  hraodurtb  attend  on  na. 

a  Menrg  Vl.  act  v.  ac  1  (IfiU). 


Idenstein  {BaroiC)^  nephew  of  gene- 
T»l  Kleiner  eoveroor  of  Prague.  He 
marries  Adolf^a,  who  toms  out  to  be  the 
sifter  of  MeeU  called  **The  Maid  of 
Mariendorpt."— S.  Knowles,  The  Maid  of 
Mariendorpt  (1888). 

Idiot  (7^  Inspired),  Oliver  Gold- 
smith. So  called  by  Horace  Walpole 
(1728-1774). 

Idle  liake,  the  lake  on  which 
Ph»dri«  {tcantonfnees)  cruised  in  her 
gondola.  One  had  to  cross  this  lake  to 
get  to  Wandering  Island.  —  Spenser, 
Fairy  Queen,  ii.  (1590). 

Idleness  {The  lake  of).  Whoever 
drank  thereof  grew  instantly  *^  faint  and 
weary.**  The  Red  Cross  Knight  drank  of 
it,  and  was  readily  made  captive  by 
Orgoglio.  —  Spenser,  FaHru  Queen,  u 
(1690). 

Idom'eneus  [Ldom\e.nuce'],  king 
of  Crete.  He  made  a  vow  when  he  len 
Troy,  if  the  gods  would  vouchsafe  him  a 
safe  vova^e,  to  sacrifice  to  them  Uie  first 
living  being  that  he  encountered  in  his 
own  kingdom.  The  first  living  object  he 
met  was  his  own  son,  and  when  the 
father  fulfilled  his  vow,  ho  was  banished 
from  his  countir  as  a  murderer. 

*^*  The  reader  will  instantly  call  to 
mind  Jephthah's  rash  vow. — Judget  zi. 

Ajgamemnon  vowed  to  Diana  to  offer 
up  in  sacrifice  to  her  the  most  beautiful 
thing  that  came  into  his  possession  within 
the  next  twelve  months.  This  was  an 
infant  daughter;  but  Acramemnon  de- 
ferred the  offering  till  Iphigcni'a  (his 
daughter)  was  full  grown.  The  fleet,  on 
its  way  to  Troy,  ^ing  wind-bound  at 
Aulis,  the  prophet  Kalchas  told  Agamem- 
non it  was  because  the  vow  had  not  been 
fulfilled  ;  accordingly  Iphigenia  was  laid 
on  the  altar  for  sacrifice,  but  Diana  inter- 
posed, carried  the  victim  to  Tauris,  and 
substituted  a  hind  in  her  place.  Iphi- 
genia in  Tauris  became  a  priestess  of 
Diana* 

*«*  Abraham,  being  about  to  sacrifice 
his  son  to  Jehovah,  was  stayed  by  a 
voice  from  heaven,  and  a  ram  was  sub- 
stituted for  the  lad  Isaac. — Gen,  xxii. 

Id'wal,  king  of  North  Wales,  and  son 
of  Roderick  the  Great.     (See  Ludwal.) 

Idy'a,  the  pastoral  name  of  Britannia, 
« the  most  bc»uteoos  of  all  the  darlings 


of  Oceanus.*'— Wm.  Browne,  BriUamUt 
Pastorals  (1613). 

ler'ne  (8  sylX  Ireland.  Pytheaa 
(contemporary  with  Aristotle)  was  the 
first  to  call  the  island  by  this  name. 

Tba  sma  leme'k  riKire. 
OMtjfan.i^i ^jri|M.H.(WH>. 

Iger'na,  Iseme  (8  sy/.),  or 
Isnrayne  (3  syCT),  wife  of  GorioTs  duke 
of  Tintag'il,  in  Omwall.  Igema  married 
Uther  the  pendragon  of  the  Britons,  and 
thus  became  the  mother  of  prince  Axthur. 
The  second  marriage  took  place  a  few 
hours  after  the  duke  s  death,  out  was  not 
made  public  till  thirteen  days  afterwards. 
—Sir  T.  Malory,  History  of  Frinoe 
Arthur  (1470). 

Igna'ro»  foster-father  of  Orgoglio. 
The  old  dotard  walked  one  way  and 
looked  another.  To  every  question  pat 
to  him,  his  invariable  answer  was,  **  I 
cannot  tell.** — Spenser,  FaSry  Queen,  L 
(1690). 

*«*  Lord  Flint,  chief  minister  of  state 
to  one  of  the  sultans  of  India,  used  to 
reply  to  every  disagreeable  quesUonu 
**My  people  know,  no  doubt;  but  I 
cannot  recollect.*' — Mrs.  Indibald,  Suck 
Things  Are  (1786). 

The  Italian  witnesses  summoned  on 
the  trial  of  queen  Charlotte,  answered  to 
almost  every  question,  **  Non  mi  ricordo.** 

%♦  The  »fKnow-Nothings**  of  the 
United  States  replied  to  every  question 
about  their  secret  society,  "  I  know 
nothing  about  it.** 

Igna'tiUB  (Brother),  Joseph  Ley- 
cester  Lyne,  monk  of  the  order  of  St. 
Benedict. 

Ignaftius  {Father),  the  Hon.  and  Rev. 
(^eorge  Spencer,  superior  of  the  order  ol 
Passionists  (1799-1864). 

Ig'noge  (3  syl.),  daughter  of  Pan'« 
drasus  of  Greece,  ^vcn  as  wife  to  Brute 
mythical  king  of  Britain.  Spenser  calls 
her  **  Inogene  **  (Z  syl,),  and  Drayton 
"  Innogen.  * — Geoffrey,  British  History,  u 
11  (1142). 

L  H.  8.  In  German,  Ifeens],  H[ei* 
land],  8[eligmacher],  i.e.  Jesus,  Saviour, 
Sanctifier,  In  Greek,  I[ii«<H»t],  *H[m«- 
t«/*ot]  1\*rrnp],  i.e.  Jesus,  Our  Sai-fur, 
In  Latin,  IFesns],  H[ominnm]  8[al- 
vator],  i.e.  Jesus,  Men's  Saviour,  Those 
who  would  like  an  English  eqnivaleut  muj 
adopt  J[e8us],  H[eavenlyJ  Sl^aviour]. 

The  Latin  equivalent  is  attributed  to 
St.  BcmardiBe  of  Sienna  (1847). 


ILDERTON. 


467 


ILIAD. 


nderton  {Mua  Lucy  and  Jifiss  Nancy), 
cousins  to  Miss  Vere. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Tht  Black  Dwarf  (time,  Anne). 

n'iad  (3  syl.),  the  tale  of  the  siege  of 
Troj,  an  epic  noem  in  twenty-four  books, 
bj  Honier.  MenelAoSj  king  of  Sparta, 
received  as  a  gitest  Pans,  a  son  of  Priam 
king  of  Troj.  Paris  eloped  with  Helen, 
his  host* 0  wife,  and  Menelaos  induced  Uie 
Grades  to  lay  siege  to  Troy,  to  avenge  the 
perfidy.  The  siege  lasted  ten  years,  when 
Tn>y  was  taken  and  burnt  to  the  ground. 
Homer's  poem  is  confined  to  the  last  year 
of  the  siege. 

Book  I.  opens  with  a  pestilence  in  the 
Grecian  camp,  sent  by  the  sun-god  to 
sfenge  his  pnest  Chrys^.  The  case  is 
this:  Chrys^  wished  to  ransom  his 
daughter,  whom  Agamemnon,  the  Greek 
eoBimander-in-chicdr,  kept  as  a  concu- 
bine, but  Agamemnon  refused  to  give  her 
up;  lo  tlie  priest  prayed  to  Apollo  for 
TCDgeanc«,  and  the  god  sent  a  pestilence. 
A  council  being  called,  Achilla  up- 
bnidi  Agamemnon  as  tiie  cause  of  tne 
dirme  wrath,  and  Agamemnon  replies  he 
will  gire  up  the  priest's  daughter,  but 
shall  take  instead  Achilla's  concubine. 
On  hearing  this,  Achill^  declares  he 
will  no  lon^r  fight  for  such  an  ex- 
toitionate  king,  and  acconUngly  retires 
to  his  tent  and  sulks  there. 

II.  Jopiter,  being  induced  to  take  the 
ptft  of  Achillas,  now  sends  to  Agamem- 
Bon  a  lying  dream,  which  induces  him  to 
beBevethat  be  shall  take  the  city  at  once  ; 
but  in  order  to  see  how  the  soldiers  are 
iffected  by  the  retirement  of  Achilles,  the 
king  calls  them  to  a  council  of  war,  asks 
tbem  if  it  will  not  be  better  to  give  up 
the  iiege  and  return  home.  He  thinks 
^  sotdiers  will  shout  "no**  wi^  one 
voice ;  but  they  rush  to  their  ships,  and 
would  set  sail  at  once  if  they  were  not 
Ki&ained  by  those  privy  to  Ae  plot. 

III.  The  soldiers,  being  brought  back, 
■re  then  arrayed  for  battle.  Paris  pro- 
poses to  decide  the  contest  bv  single 
oombat,  and  Menelaos  accepts  the  chal- 
lenge. Paris,  being  overthrown,  is  carried 
off  by  Venus,  and  Agamemnon  demands 
that  the  Trojans  should  give  up  Troy  in 
fulfilment  of  the  compact. 

rV.  While  Agamemnon  is  speaking, 
P&ndXniS  draws  nis  bow  at  Menelaos  and 
wounds  him,  and  the  battle  becomes 
generoL 

V.  Pandarus,  who  had  violated  the 
trace,  is  killed  by  Diomed. 

VI.  Hector,  the  general  of  the  Trojan 
Allied  armies,  recommends  that  the  lYo-  I 


jan  women  in  a  body  should  supplicate 
the  i^ods  to  pardon  uie  sin  of  Pandama, 
and  m  the  mean  time  he  and  Paris  make 
a  sallv  from  the  city  gate. 

VII.  Hector  fights  with  Ajax  in  single 
combat,  but  the  combatants  are  parted  oy 
the  heralds,  who  declare  it  a  drawn 
battle;  so  they  exchange  gifts  and  re- 
turn to  thdr  respective  tents. 

VIII.  The  Grecian  host,  being  discom- 
fited, retreats;  and  Hector  prepares  to 
assault  the  enemy's  camp. 

IX.  A  deputation  is  sent  to  Achill^ 
but  the  sulky  hero  remains  obdurate. 

X.  A  night  attack  is  made  on  the  Tro- 
jans by  Diomed  and  UlyssiSs ; 

XI.  And  the  three  Grecian  chiefs 
(Agamemnon,  Diomed,  and  Ulyss^)  are 
all  wounded. 

XII.  The  Trojans  force  the  gates  of 
the  Grecian  ramparts. 

XIII.  A  tremendous  battle  ensues,  in 
which  many  on  both  sides  are  slain. 

Xiy.  While  Jupiter  is  asleep,  Nep- 
tune interferes  in  the  quarrel  in  behalf  of 
the  Greeks ; 

XV.  But  Jupiter  rebukes  him,  and 
Apollo,  taking  the  side  of  the  Trojans, 
puts  the  Grecians  to  a  complete  rout. 
The  Trojans,  exulting  in  their  success, 
prepare  to  set  fire  to  the  Grecian  camp. 

aVI.  In  this  extremity,  Patroclos 
arrays  himself  in  Achilla's  armour,  and 
leads  the  Myrmidons  to  l^e  fight ;  but  he 
is  slain  by  {lector. 

XVII.  AchiUes  is  told  of  the  death  of 
his  friend ; 

XVI II.  Resolves  to  return  to  the 
battle ; 

XIX.  And  is  reconciled  to  Agamemnon. 

XX.  A  general  battle  ensues,  in  which 
the  gods  are  permitted  to  take  part 

XXI.  The  battle  rages  with  great  fury, 
the  sUughter  is  frightful ;  but  the  Tro- 
jans, being  routed,  retreat  into  their  town, 
and  close  the  gates. 

XXII.  Achilles  slays  Hector  before  he 
is  able  to  enter  the  ^tes,  and  the  liattle 
is  at  an  end.     Nothing  now  remains  but 

XXIII.  To  bum  the  body  of  Patroclos, 
and  celebrate  the  funeral  games. 

XXIV.  Old  Priam,  going  to  the  tent  of 
Achilles,  craves  the  body  of  his  son 
Hector  ;  Achillas  gives  it  up,  and  the 
poem  concludes  with  the  funeral  rites  of 
the  1  roian  hero. 

*«*  Virgil  continues  the  tale  from  this 
point.  Shows  how  the  city  was  taken 
and  burnt,  and  then  continues  with  the 
adventures  of  iOne'as,  who  escapes  from 
the  burning  city,  makes  his  way  to  Italy, 


lUAD* 


468      IMMORTAL  FOUR  OF  ITALY. 


■utrries  the  king's  daoi^hter,  and  succeed 
to  ^6  throne.     (See  ^m eid.) 

Iliad  (The  Drench)^  The  Romance  of 
the  Rose  (9.0.)* 

Iliad  {The  German),  The  Nibehmgen 
Lied  iq.v.), 

Iliad  (The  Poriugtieee),  The  Lusiad 
(q,v,), 

Iliad  (The  Scotch),  The  Epigoniad,  by 
William  Wilkie  (q.v,). 

Iliad  in  a  K'utshell  ( The),  Pliny 
tells  us  that  the  Ricui  was  once  copied  in 
so  small  a  hand  that  the  whole  of  the 
twenty-four  books  were  shut  up  in  a  nut- 
shell.— Hist.,  vii.  21. 

Huet,  bishopof  Avranchcs,  demonstrated 
the  possibility  of  this  being  the  case  by 
writing  eighty  lines  of  the  Ilkd  on  the 
space  occupied  by  one  line  of  this  dic- 
tionary, so  that  the  whole  Iliad  might  be 
got  into  about  two-thirds  of  a  single 
page. 

In  No.  530  of  the  Harleian  MSS.  is  an 
account  of  a  similar  performance  by  Peter 
Bales,  a  Chancery  clerk  in  Uie  reign  of 

aueen  Elizabeth.  He  wrote  out,  in  1590, 
^e  whole  Bible,  and  enclosed  his  MS.  in 
a  walnut-shell.  Bales*s  MS.  contained 
as  many  leaves  as  an  ordinary  Bible,  but 
the  size  of  the  leaves  was  reduced,  and 
the  paper  was  as  thin  as  possible. 

I  nave  myself  seen  the  Ten  Command- 
ments, the  Lord's  Prayer,  the  Aposties' 
Creed,  and  ''God  save  the  King!"  all 
written  on  a  space  not  larger  than  a 
silver  threepence  ;  and  who  has  not  seen 
a  sheet  of  the  Times  newspaper  reduced  .to 
the  size  of  a  locket  ? 

The  Iliad  in  a  nutshell  is  quite  outdone 
bv  the  web  eiven  to  a  prince  by  the 
White  Cat.  It  was  wrapped  in  a  millet 
Beed,  and  was  400  yards  long.  What  was 
more  wonderful  was  this:  there  were 
painted  on  it  all  sorts  of  birds,  beasts, 
and  fishes;  fruits,  trees,  and  plants; 
rocks  and  sea-shells ;  the  sun,  moon,  stars, 
and  planets ;  the  likenesses  of  all  the 
kings  and  princes  of  the  world,  with  their 
wives,  mistrcspcs,  and  children,  all  dressed 
in  their  proper  costume. 

Th«  prino*  took  out  of  a  box.  covered  wlUi  rublfli,  a 
walnut,  which  h«  encked,  and  mw  IniMe  It  a  amall  baid 
nut,  which  he  cracked  al«o.  and  found  inside  a  k«m«l  of 
wax.  Me  peeled  the  Iwrnel.  and  diaoovered  a  com  tA 
wheat,  and  in  the  wbeatHwrn  wu«  a  grain  of  niiilet.  which 
Mmtalnod  a  web  4(10 jranb  in  length.— Coait—o  O'AuiKqr. 
Jf'i^  Taitt  ("  Hie  White  Cat,"  ISSt). 

niad  of  Old  SngUsh  Litera- 
ture,  «  The  Kn%ht'8  Tale  "  of  PalUmon 


and  Arcite  (2  syl.)  in  Chancel's  Ccmier^ 
bury  Tales  (1888). 

niad  ofWoes  (Latin,  Rias  mal(/rum)f 
a  world  of  disasters  (Cicero,  Attic,,  viuu 
11).  Homer's  Iliad  is  an  epic  of  **  woe  " 
from  beginning  to  end. 

Let  others  boast  of  blood,  and  4>oQa  of  Ibei; 
fleece  mplnei.  mnrden,  Hladsef  woes. 

W.  Drununoud.  JmUh  <^  Mmllmdm  (MU). 

Ilis'sUB,  one  of  the  rivers  on  which 
Athens  was  situated.  Plato  lays  the 
scene  of  many  of  the  best  conversationB 
of  SocratSfl  on  the  banks  of  this  river. 

...  the  thfmy  vale. 
Where  oft.  enchanted  wltti  Socratk  wamnSa, 
Iliwui  pure  deruivcd  his  tunelkil  stream 
In  oentler  murmun. 
AansMe.  Pt^aamrm  pf  hnagtmattm,  L  (040. 

HI  XjUok  always  attended  those  who 
possessed  the  gold  of  Nibehmgen,  the 
gold  of  Toboso,  the  sword  of  Kol  called 
Graysteel,  Harmonia*s  necklace,  etc. 

HI  Wind.  'Tisamiilwimitkcttbhm 
nobody  any  good. 


■seept  wfnd  standi  aaiM««rKi 
It  ia  aa  iH  wind  turns  none  to  good. 

T.  Ttasaer.  Ftre  ifundred  PotnU  tf  Oe>< 
Mmbmitdiy,  xlU.  (1SB7)l 

Illuminated  Doctor  (The),  Ray- 
mond LuUy  (1235-1315). 

John  Tauler,  the  German  mystic,  it  so 
called  also  (1294-1361). 

Ima'us  (8  fyl,),  the  IHmalayi  or 
anow^iills. 

The  huge  tncnmhrance  of  bonlfic  woods 
From  Aalaa  Tkums.  from  Imaua  streCehsd 
Athwart  the  roving  Tartar's  suUeo  bwunds. 

Thomson,  The  Staaona  {"  Autumn."  CM). 

Imis,  the  daughter  and  only  child  of 
an  island  king.  She  was  «iamo«red  of 
her  cousin  Philax.  A  fav  named  Pafraa 
loved  her,  and,  seeing  she  rejected  ms 
suit,  shut  np  Imis  and  Philax  in  the 
*'  Palace  of  Revenge."  This  palace  wad 
of  crystal,  and  contained  everything  the 
heart  could  dosire  except  the  power  of 
leaving  it.  For  a  time,  Imis  and  Philax 
were  happy  enoufj^,  but  after  a  few  years 
they  long^  as  much  for  a  separation  as 
they  had  once  wished  to  be  united. — 
Comtesse  D' Annoy,  Fairy  Taiee  ("  Palaoe 
of  Kevenge,"  1682). 

Imlac  of  Goiam8^  near  the  moixtb 
of  the  Nile  ;  the  son  of  a  rich  merchant. 
Imlac  was  a  g^at  traveller  and  a  poet, 
who  accompanied  Rasselas  in  his  rambles, 
and  returned  with  him  to  the  "happy 
valley."— Dr.  Johnson,  Rasselas  (1769). 

Immortal  Four  of  Italy  (The) : 
Dantd  (126^1821),  Petrarch  (1804-1374>, 


IMCMSEN. 


46f 


IMPOSTORS. 


AikMto  (1474-1538),  and   Tmso   (1544- 
1506). 


I  raid  k«  •'W  and  o'er, 
ABd'BM««r  d  ito  laoMrtH  Fmt 

Oritaljr. 

r.  Tht  WagtU*  hm  (prrinds). 


lixiogffnf   dan^ter    of    Cym'beliiie 
(8  ipL)  king  of  Britain,  married  clan- 
destinely Posthumos  Leonltns :  and  Post- 
hnmus,  being  banished  for  ine  offence, 
retired  to  Bome.    One  dajr,  in  the  houso 
of  Philario,  the  conversation  tuned  on 
the  merits  of  wives,  and  Posthomns  bet 
his   diamond    ring   that  nothing  could 
tempi  the  fidelity-  of  Imogen.    Tachimo 
aceeptcd  the  wager,  laid  his  plans,  and 
after  doe   time    indnced   Posthamns  to 
belicTe  that  Imogen  had  played  false, 
diowmg,   by  way  of  proof,  a  bracelet, 
which  hie  affirmed  she  had  given  him ; 
■0  Posdiinmas  handed  over  to  him  the 
ring  given  him  by  Imogen  at  parting. 
Porthtnnns    now    ordered    his    servant 
Ftemio  to  inveigle  Imogen  to  Milford 
Baven,  under  pretence  of  seeing  her  has- 
land,  and  to  mwrder  her  on  the  road ; 
b«t  Pisanio  told  Imogen  his  instructions, 
sdvised    her  to    enter    the    ser\ice   of 
Larins,  the  Roman  general  in  Britain, 
ss  a  page,  and  promised  that  he  would 
Bake  Posthumus  believe  that  she  was 
4cad.    This  was  done;    and    not   long 
sfterwards  a  battle  ensued,  in  which  the 
Romans    were    defeated,    and    Lucius, 
Isehimo,  and    Imogen  were  taken  pri- 
soners.     Posthumus  also  took  part  in 
the  battle,  and  obtained  for  his  services 
tke  royal  pardon.    The  captives  being 
InoBght    before  CymbeKne,   Lucius  en- 
treated   the    king   to    liberate    Imogen. 
The  petition  was  not  only  granted,  but 
iBogen  was  permitted,  at  the  same  time, 
to  stt  a  boon  of  the  British  king.     She 
SDly  begged  that  lachimo  should  inform 
flw  eovrt  how  he  came  by  the  ring  he 
was  wearing  on  his  finger.    The  wnole 
viUuny  was  thus  revealed,  a  concilia- 
tion took  place,  and  all  ended  happily. 
(See  ZiUKURA.) — Shakespeare,  CymMine 
(1W5). 

**  tb«  Mr  Coosteno*.'"' PorttM." 

Bdhrlm  '*IiiMsai"J(in  Hkake- 

Uuegi  tolMTVMMilteFMeltIn 

Is  to    hsv*  Been  a  whole   worid  of 

—Dmktin  UnhftrtUg  Maomsiiu,  ISML 

Im'og^e  (Th^  •^<n'*)t  the  ladv  be- 
trothed to  Alonzo  **  the  Brave,**  and  who 
•sid  to  him,  when  he  went  to  the  wars:  **If 
ever  I  mairy  another,  may  thy  ghost  be 
present  at  the  bridal  feast,  and  bear  me 
otf  to  the  grave.**  Alonzo  fell  in  battle  ; 
Imogine  married  another;  and,  at  the 


marriage  feast,  Alonxo's  ghost,  claiming 
the  fulfilment  of  the  compact,  carried 
away  the  bride. — M.  6.  Lewis,  Alonzo 
the  Brave  and  the  Fair  Imogme  (1795). 

Im'ogme  (The  lady),  wife  of  St.  Aldo- 
brand.  Before  her  marriage,  she  was 
courted  by  count  Bertram,  but  the  at- 
tachment fell  through,  because  Bertram 
was  outlawed  and  Mcame  the  leader  of 
a  gang  of  thieves.  It  so  happened  one 
day  that  Bertram,  bein^  shipwrecked  off 
the  coast  of  Sicily,  was  conveyed  to  the 
castle  of  lad^  Imogine,  and  tike  oM  at- 
tachment revived  on  both  sides.  Bertram 
murdered  St.  Aldobrand ;  Imogine,  going 
mad,  expired  in  the  arms  of  Bertram ;  and 
Bertram  killed  himself<->(3.  Maturin, 
Bertram  (1816). 

Imoln'da  (3  syL),  daughter  of  a 
white  man,  who  went  to  the  court  of 
Angola,  changed  his  religion,  and  grew 

Seat  as  commander  of  toe  forces.  His 
inghter  was  married  to  prince  Oroonoko. 
Soon  afterwards  the  young  prince  was 
tra{>anne(l  by  captain  Driver,  taken  to 
Surinam,  and  sora  for  a  slave.  Here  he 
met  his  young  wife,  whom  the  lieutenant- 
goveinor  wanted  to  make  his  mistress, 
and  Oroonoko  headed  arising  of  the  slaves. 
The  end  of  the  story  is  that  Inioinda 
slew  herself ;  and  Oroonoko,  having 
stabbed  the  lieutenant-governor,  put  an 
end  to  his  own  life. — ^Thomas  Southern, 
Oroonoko  (1696). 

Impertanent  (Tht  Omiouf),  a* 
Italian,  who,  to  make  trial  of  his  wife's 
fidelity,  persuades  bis  friend  to  try  and 
seduce  her.  The  friend  secceeds  in  win- 
^ipf^  the  lady's  love,  and  iht  impertinent 
curiosity  of  the  husband  is  punished  by 
the  loss  of  his  friend  and  wife  too. — 
Cervantes,  Don  Qmatoie:,  I.  !▼.  5  (aa 
episode,  1605). 

Impostors  (Literary), 

1.  Bkktuam  (Dr,  Charles  Julius),  pro- 
fessor of  English  atO>penhA^en.  lie  gave 
out  that  he  had  discovered,  m  1747,  in  the 
libraiy  of  that  city,  a  book  entitled  J>e 
Situ  BritannicBf  by  Richardus  Corinensis. 
He  published  this  with  two  other  treatises 
(one  by  Gildas  Badon'icus,  and  the  other 
by  Nennius  Banchorensis)  in  1757.  The 
forgery  was  exposed  by  J.  £.  Mayor,  in 
his  preface  to  Ricardi  de  Circncestria 
Speculum  Bistoriale, 

2.  Chatterton   (Thomas)  published, 
in  1777,  a  volume  of  poems,  which  he 

C'^Bsed  to  be  from  the  pen  of  Thomas 
ley,  a  monk  of  the  fifteenth  centuiy. 


IMPOSTORS. 


470 


IMPROVISATORS. 


The  foigerj  was  expo«ed  by  Mmson  and 

Gray. 

8.  Ireland  {Samuel  William  Henry) 
publiahed,  in  1796,  a  series  of  papers 
which  he  affirmed  to  be  by  Shakespc^, 
together  with  the  tragedy  of  Lear  and 
a  part  of  Hamlet.  Dr.  Parr,  Dr.  Valpy, 
James  Bosweli,  Herbert  Croft,  and  rye 
the  poet-hiareate,  si^ed  a  document  cer- 
tifying their  conviction  that  the  collection 
was  genuine;  but  Ireland  subsequently 
confessed  the  forgery.  He  also  wrote  a 
play  entitled  Vorttgem  and  Rowena^ 
which  he  asserted  was  by  Shakespeare ; 
but  Malone  exposed  the  imposition. 

4.  Lauder  (mZ/Kcm)  published,  in  1751, 
false  Quotations  from  Masenius  a  Jesuit 
of  Cologne,  Taubmann  a  German,  Sta- 
phorstius  a  learned  Dutchman,  and 
others,  to  '*  prove  Milton  a  gross  plagi- 
arist.*' Df.  Douglas  demonstrated  that 
the  citations  were  incorrect,  and  that 
often  several  lines  had  been  foisted  in  to 
make  the  parallels.  Lauder  confessed 
the  fact  afterwards  (1754). 

5.  Mb'vtz,  who  lived  in  the  ninth  cen- 
tury, published  Af ty-nine  decretals,  which 
he  ascrbed  to  Isidore  of  Seville,  who 
died  in  the  sixth  century.  The  object 
of  thest  letters  was  either  to  exalt  the 
papacy,  or  to  enforce  some  law  assuming 
such  exaltation.  Amon^  them  is  che 
decretal  of  St.  Fabian,  instituting  the 
rite  of  the  chrism,  with  the  decretals 
of  St.  Anacletus,  St.  Alexander,  St. 
Aihanasius,  and  so  on.  They  have  all 
b^n  proved  to  be  barefaced  forgeries. 

6.  Pkkeira  {Colonel),  a  Portuguese, 
profrssed  to  have  discovered  in  the  con- 
vent of  St.  Maria  de  Merinh&o,  nine 
books  of  Sanchoni'athon,  which  he  pub- 
lished in  1837.  It  was  found  that  the 
paper  of  the  MS.  bore  the  water-mark  of 
the  OsnabrUck  paper-mills. 

7.  Psalm ANAZAR  {George) y  who  pre- 
tended to  be  a  Japanese,  published, 'in 
1704,  an  Historical  and  Geoijraphical  De~ 
acription  of  Formosa,  an  Island  belonging 
to  the  Empire  of  Japan,  He  was  an 
Englishman,  bom  in  London,  name  un- 
known (died  1763). 

8.  Smith  {Joseph)  pcofessed  that  his 
Book  of  Mormon^  published  in  1830,  was 
a  direct  revelation  to  him  by  the  angel 
Mormon ;  but  it  was  really  uie  work  of 
a  Rev.  Solomon  Spalding.  Smith  was 
mnrdered  in  Carthage  jail  in  1844. 

9.  SuKTKKS  (Ro^t)  sent  sir  Walter 
Scott  several  ballads,  which  were  inserted 
in  good  faith  in  the  Border  Minstrelsy^ 
but  were  in  fact  forgeries.    For  example, 


a  ballad  on  A  Fewi  between  the  Ridley 
and  the  Featherstones,  said  to  be  taken 
down  from  the  mouth  of  an  old  woman 
on  Alston  Moor  (1806);  Lord  Ewrie, 
said  to  be  taken  down  from  the  month  of 
Rosa  Smith  of  Bishop  Middldiam,  teL  91 
(1807) ;  and  Barthram'a  Dirge  (1809). 

The  Ko^n  was  said  by  Mahomet  to 
be  revealed  to  him  by  the  angol  Gabriel, 
but  it  was  in  reality  the  work  of  a  Persian 
Jew,  a  Jacobite  and  a  Nestorian.  The 
detached  parts  of  the  Kordn  were  col- 
lected into  a  volume  by  Abii  Bekr  in  634. 
Mahomet  died  in  632. 

ImprovisatorB. 

AccoLTi  {Bernardo),  of  Aiezso,  called 
the  Unico  Aretifno  (1466-1535). 

Aquilano  iSerqfino)^  bora  at  Afioilm 
(1466-1500). 

Bandettiici  {Teresa),  (1756-*).  M*- 
rone,  Quercio,  and  SUvio  Axtokiajio 
(eighteenth  century). 

Beuonicius  {P,  /.),  who  could  con- 
vert extempore  into  Latin  or  Greek  vene, 
a  Dutch  newspaper  or  anything  els« 
which  he  heard  (died  1676). 

CoRiLLA  {Maria  Magdalena),  of  Pistoia. 
Mde.  de  StaSl  has  borrowed  her  Corrinne 
from  this  improvisatrix.  Crowned  at 
Rome  in  1776  (1740-1800). 

Gianni  {Francis),  an  Italian,  made 
imperial  poet  bv  Napoleon,  whose  victories 
he  celebrated  in  verse  (1759-1823). 

JehXn  {Nilr),  of  Bengal,  during  the 
sultansbip  of  Jeb^ger.  She  was  tha 
inventor  of  the  otto  of  roses  (died  1645). 

Karsch  {^Anna  Louisa),  at  Germany. 

Mazzki  {Signora),  the  most  talented 
of  all  improvisators. 

Metastasio  (P.  A,  D,  B,),  of  Assisi, 
who  developed  at  the  age  of  ten  a 
wonderful  talent  for  extemporizing  in 
verse  (1698-1782). 

Perkbtti  {Bernardino),  of  Sienna,  who 
received  a  laurel  crown  in  the  capitol,  an 
honour  conferred  only  on  Petnurch  and 
Tasso  (1681-1747). 

Petrarch  {Francesco),  who  introduced 
the  amusement  of  improvisation  (1304- 
1374). 

Rossi,  beheaded  at  Naples  in  1799. 

Serapino  d'Aquila.  (See  above, 
"Aquilano.") 

Serio,  beheaded  at  Naples  in  1799. 

Sorioci  {Tommaso),  ot  Tuscany 
(1788-1832).  His  Death  of  Charles  f.. 
Death  of  Mary  Queen  of  Scots,  and  Fhll  of 
Missolonghi  are  very  celebrated. 

Taddei  {Rosa),  (1801-       ). 

Zucco  (iforc  Antonio),  of  Yerona 
(♦-1764). 


mCHCAPE  BOCK. 


4n 


INEZ  DE  CASTRO. 


To  Uiete  sdd  Ckeoni,  Bindooci,  Sestini ; 
tiM  brothen  Qerco  of  Holland,  Wolf  of 
Alt&ia,  l^iig«isaliwarz  of  Gernuuiy, 
Eugtee  de  nadel  of  France,  and  oar 
mm  Thomas  Hood  (1798-1845). 

Inchcai>6  Bock  ip^h  east  of  the 
Isle  of  Kay,  twelve  miles  from  all  land, 
in  the  German  Sea.  Here  a  warning  bell 
vaa  floated  on  a  buoy  bj  the  forethought 
of  an  abbot  of  Aberbrothok.  Soothey 
aavfthat  Ral|Athe  Rorer,  in  a  mischievous 
jcktj  cut  the  bell  from  ^e  buoy,  and  it 
fen  into  &e  sea ;  but  on  his  return  voyage 
his  boat  ran  on  the  rock,  and  Ralph  was 
drowned. 


laoU 


vpoa  the  miAt  rock  tbora  was  a  ben  flx«d 


ipm  a  SnbBr.  vUdi  mac  eoattenaDr.  hdng  novad  fajr 
Urn  Mk  cMac  notice  to  MgrJeis  of  tbe  dancer.    Tbte  bell 


and  BMiatalned  br  the  abbot  oT  Aberbro- 

bot  beinc  taken  down  bjr  a  Ma-pirate,  a  ymrm 

be  pmdMd  upon  tiM  aune  rocket  with  diip  and 

hi  tiM  rigbteoiM  Jndcameat  of  God.— Stoddart, 


A  similar  story  is  told  of  St  Govtn*s 
bdl,  in  Pembrokeshire.  The  silver  bell 
«as  stolen  one  night  from  the  chapel  by 
piiates ;  but  no  sooner  had  their  boat  put 
OQt  to  sea  than  all  the  crew  were  wrecked. 
The  silver  bell  was  carried  by  sea-nymphs 
to  a  well,  and  whenever  the  stone  of  tnat 
vdl  is  strack  the  bell  is  heard  to  moan. 

InoouBtant  iThe)^  a  eomedy  by  G. 
Faniihar  (1702).  '*The  inconstant"  is 
yoong  Miiabel,  who  shilly-shallies  with 
Oria'na  till  she  saves  him  from  being 
Budered  by  foor  bravoes  in  the  house  of 
Lunorce  (2  9uL), 

This  comedy  is  a  r^hauff€ot  the  WUd- 
fMtr  Ckaae^  by  Beaumont  and  Fletcher 
11662). 

Inoormptible  {The).  Maximilien 
Bobespierrc  was  so  called  by  his  friends 
in  die  Revolution  (1756-1794). 

*"  WiUiam  Shippen,**  says  Horace  Wol- 
pole,  "is  the  omjr  man  proof  against  a 
bribe," 

*«*  Fabricius,  the  Roman  hero,  could 
not  be  corrupted  by  bribes,  nor  influenced 
by  threats.  I^rrhus  declared  it  would  be 
ss  easy  to  divert  the  sun  from  its  course 
ss  Fabricius  from  the  path  of  duty. — 
iioBiaii  Story. 

In'cabuSy  a  spirit  half  human  and 
half  angelic,  living  in  mid-air  between 
tbe  mo<»  and  our  earth. — Geo£Frey,  Bri' 
UtkBigtory,  vL  18  (1142). 

TnHiii.Tf  Pile,  one  bv  one.  The 
American  Indians,  when  they  go  on  an 
attack,  march  one  by  one.  The  one 
behind  carefully  steps  in  the  foot-marks 
sf  ;h«  one  before,  and  the  last  of  the  file 


obliterates  the  foot-prints.  By  this 
means  their  direction  and  nimiber  are  not 
detected. 


laeb  man  foDoved  fate  la«ler  la  Indian  Sle.— ORpMa 
Bumabr.  0»  U«r$t»aek  (*re«v*  AtiaMtmor  (1877). 

Indra^  god  of  the  elements.  His 
palace  is  described  by  Southey  in  TAs 
Curae  of  JCehama,  viL  10  (1809). 

Ineailla  de  CantariUa,  daughter 
of  a  Spanish  lute-maker.  She  had  the 
unusual  power  of  charming  the  male  sex 
during  liie  whole  course  of  ncr  life,  which 
exceeded  75  years.  Idolized  by  the  noble- 
men of  the  old  court,  she  saw  herself 
adored  by  those  of  the  new.  Even  in 
her  old  age  she  had  a  noble  air,  an  en- 
chanting wit,  and  graces  peculiar  to  her- 
self suited  to  her  years.— Lesage,  Gil 
Bias,  viii.  1  (1785). 

I'nes  of  (^adiz,  addressed  in  ChSde 
Harold,  i.  (after  stanza  84).  Nothing 
known  of  her. 

Tnez  (Donna),  mother  of  don  Juan. 
She  trained  her  son  according  to  pre- 
scribed rules  with  the  strictest  propriety, 
and  designed  to  make  him  a  model  of  all 
virtues.  Her  husband  was  don  Jos^, 
whom  she  worried  to  death  by  her  prudery 
and  want  of  S3rm|3athy.  Donna  Inez 
was  a  "blue-stocking,**  learned  in  all 
the  sciences,  her  favourite  one  being 
"the  mathematical."  She  knew  every 
European  language,  "  a  little  Latin  and 
less  Greek."  In  a  word,  she  was  "  per- 
fect as  perfect  is,"  according  to  the 
standard  of  Miss  Edgeworth,  Mrs.  Trim- 
mer, and  Hannah  More,  but  had  "a 
^rcat  opinion  of  her  own  good  qualities." 
Like  Tennyson's  "Maud,"  this  paragon 
of  women  was,  to  those  who  did  not  look 
too  narrowly,  "faultily  faultless,  icily 
regular,  splendidiv  nuU." — Byron,  Don 
Juan,  i.  10^30  (1819). 

Ines  de  Ca4rtro,  crowned  six  years 
after  her  death.  The  tale  is  this :  Don 
Pedro,  son  of  Alfonso  lY.  of  Portugal, 
privately  married,  in  1845,  the  "beauty  of 
Castile,**  and  Alfonso  was  so  indignant 
that  he  commanded  her  to  be  put  to  deathi 
(1355).  Two  vears  afterwards,  don  Pedro 
succeeded  to  the  crown,  and  in  1361  had 
the  body  of  Inez  exhumed  and  crowned. 

Camoens,  the  Portuguese  poet,  has 
introduced  this  story  in  his  Lusiaa,  A. 
Ferreira,  another  Portuguese  poet,  has  a 
tragedy  called  Inez  de  Castro  (1554); 
Lamotle  produced  a  tragedy  with  tne 
same  title  (1723) ;  and  Gniiand  anothet 
in  1826.    (Sec  next  art.) 


IHEZ  DB  CASTRO. 


^r72 


INFK&Na 


Inez  de  Castro,  the  bride  of  prince 
Fadro  of  Portugal,  to  whom  the  was 
clandestinely  married.  The  king  Alfonso 
and  his  minister  Gonzalez,  not  knowing 
of  this  marriage,  arranged  a  marriage  for 
the  youi^  prince  with  a  Spanish  princess, 
and  when  the  prince  refosed  his  consent, 
Gonzalez  ferreted  o«t  the  cause,  and 
induced  Inez  to  drink  poison.  He  then 
put  the  yoong  prince  under  arrest,  but  as 
ne  was  being  led  away,  the  announce- 
ment came  Uiat  Alfonso  was  dead  and 
don  Pedro  was  bis  successor.  The  tables 
were  now  tamed,  for  Pedro  was  instantly 
released,  and  Gon74ilez  led  to  execution. 
— Ross  Neil,  Inez  de  Qisiro  or  The  Jiridg 
of  Portuijal,     (Sec  previous  art.) 

Infknt  XSndowed  with  Speeeh. 
The  im&m  Abzendemud  excited  the 
envy  of  his  confraternity  by  his  superior 
Tirtue  and  piety,  so  they  suborned  a 
woman  to  father  a  child  upon  him.  The 
im&m  prayed  to  Mahomet  to  reveal  the 
truth,  whereupon  the  new-bom  infant 
told  in  good  Arabic  who  his  father  was, 
and  Abzenderoud  was  acquitted  with 
honour.— T.  S.  Gneulette,  CAmms  TaUs 
("  Im&m  Abzenderoud,'*  1723). 

Infhnt  of  Ijubeck,  Christiaa  Henry 
Heinecken.  At  one  year  old  he  knew  the 
chief  events  of  the  rentatetich ! !  at  thin- 
teen  months  he  knew  the  history  of  ^e 
Old  Testament ! !  at  fo«rteen  months  he 
knew  the  history  of  the  New  Testament ! ! 
at  two  and  a  half  years  he  couM  answer 
any  ordinary  Question  of  history  or  geo* 
graphy  I !  ana  at  three  years  old  he 
knew  German,  French,  and  Latin  1 1 

Inferno  (The),  in  thirty-four  cantos, 
by  Dant£  [AUffhieri]  (1300).  While  wan- 
dering til  rough  a  wood  (thU  life),  the 
poet  comes  to  a  mountain  {fame),  and 
Degins  to  climb  it,  but  first  a  panther 
(wasure),  then  a  lion  (arnbition),  and 
toen  a  rtie-wolf  {avarice)  stand  in  his 
path  to  stay  him.  The  appearance  of 
Virgil  {human  witdomy,  however,  en* 
courages  him  (canto  i.),  and  the  Mantuan 
tells  nim  he  is  sent  by  three  ladies 
r Beatrice  {faith),  Lacia  {grace),  and 
Mercy]  to  conduct  him  urough  tiie 
realms  of  hell  (canto  ii.).  On  they  pro- 
ceed together  till  they  come  to  a  portal 
bearing    this    inscription:    ai.l    iioi*e 

ABANDON   TR    WHO   KNTKR  HKRB  ;    they 

pass  throngh,  and  come  to  that  neutnd 
realm,  where  dwell  the  spirits  of  those 
not  good  enough  for  heaven  nor  bad 
enough  for  hell,  "  the  pittiseless  and  the 
^'f>l^ift^f*f1  dead***    Passing  through  this 


border-land,  they  eottmaad  oM  Oiaion 
to  fenr  them  across  the  AcfaCnm  to 
Limbo  (canto  iii.)i  and  hers  they  behold 
the  ghosts  of  the  unbaptized,  "  blameless 
of  sin  *'  but  not  meBlberv  of  the  Christian 
Church.  Homer  is  here,  Horace|  Orid, 
and  Locan,  who  enroll  Dantd  **  sixth  of 
the  sacred  band."  On  leaving  Umbo,  our 
adventurer  follows  his  guide  through  the 
seven  gates  which  lead  to  the  inferno^  an 
enormous  funnel-shaped  nit,  divided  into 
stages.  The  outer,  or  first  **  circle,*^  is 
a  vast  meadow,  in  which  roam  Electim 
(another  of  Dardinns  the  fonnder  of 
Troy),  Hector,  iEne'as,  and  Julius  Cnsar ; 
Camilla  and  Pentheaile'a :  Latlnus  and 
Junius  Bmtos;  Lucretia,  Marcia  (Cato*s 
wife),  Julia  (Pompey's  wi^),  and  Cor* 
nelia;  and  here  "apart  retired,**  they 
see  Saladin,  the  rival  of  Richard  tiie 
Lion-heart.  Linos  is  here  and  Orpheus; 
Aristotle,  Socratjls,  and  Plato ;  l)eno- 
crltos  who  ascribed  creation  to  blind 
chance,  DiogSnes  the  cynic,  Hericlftoa, 
Emped'ocles,  Anaxag'oras,  Thal^  t)io». 
cor'ides,  and  Zeno ;  Cicert>  and  SenSca, 
Euclid  and  Ptolemv,  Hi^pocrfttea  and 
Galen,  Avicen,  and  Averroes  the  Arabian 
translator  and  commentator  of  Aristotle 
(canto  iv.).  From  the  first  stage  they 
descend  to  tiie  second,  where  lUnos  sits 
in  judgment  on  the  ghosts  broaght  before 
him.  He  radicates  what  circle  a  ghost  is 
to  occupy  by  twisting  his  tail  ronnd  his 
body :  twe  twists  signify  thai  the  ^Mt 
is  to  be  banished  to  the  second  circle  ( 
three  twists,  that  it  is  to  be  consigned  to 
the  third  dtcht,  aad  so  on.  Here,  say* 
the  poet,  **  light  was  silent  all^**  bal 
^rieks  and  groans  and  blai^hemies 
were  terrible  to  hear.  Hiis  circle  ia 
the  hell  of  carnal  and  sinful  love,  where 
IHmtS  recognizes  Semirilmis,  Dido,  Cleo- 
iHitra,  and  Helen ;  Achilles  and  Paris ; 
Tristan,  the  lover  of  his  uncle*s  wife 
Isolds ;  Lancelot,  the  lover  of  queen  Gain- 
ever  ;  and  Francesca,  the  lover  of  Paolo 
her  brother-in-law  (canto  v.).  Tha  Aird 
circle  is  a  place  of  deeper  woe.  Here 
fall  in  ceaseless  showers,  hail,  black  rain, 
and  sleety  flaw ;  the  air  is  cold  and  dun ; 
and  a  foul  stench  rises  from  the  soil. 
Cerberus  keeps  watch  here,  and  this  part 
of  the  inferno  »  set  apart  for  gluttons, 
like  Ciacco  (2  9yL).  From  this  stage  Om 
two  poets  pass  on  to  the  "  fourth  steep 
ledge,"  presided  over  by  Plntos  (canto  ri.), 
a  realm  whidi  **  hems  ia  all  the  woe  of 
all  the  universe.**  Here  are  gathered  the 
souls  of  the  avaricioas,  who  wasted  their 
talents,  and  made  bo  ri^^ht  ose  of 


INFEKNO. 


478 


INI. 


vcaltii.    Cnwsiiig  this  r^^Q)  they  come 

to  the  «« fifth  Pteep,"  and  see  the  Stygiftn 

Lske  of  inkj  hae.    This  circle  is  a  huge 

bog  m  which  ^*  the  miry  tribe  **  flounder, 

and  **giilp  the  muddy  lees/*    It  is  the 

abode  of  those  who  put  no  restraint  upon 

their  anger  (canto  vii.).    Next  comes  the 

city  of  Dis,  where  the  souls  of  heretics 

are  "  interred  in  vauHs"  (cantos  viii.,  ix.)« 

Ueic  Dante  recc^nizes  Farina'ta  (a  leader 

of  the   Ghibellme  faction),  ana  is  in^ 

formed  that  the  emperor  Frederick  II. 

and  cardinal  Ubaldini  are  amount  the 

Bomber  (canto  x.).    The  city  of  Du  oon- 

tsias  the  next  three  circles  (canto  xL), 

through   which  Neasns  conducts  them ; 

and  here  they  see  the  Minotaur  and  the 

CaotMirB,  as  C3uron  who  nursed  Achilla 

sad  Fbolas   the   passionate.    The   first 

cixde  of  Dis  (the  sixth)  is  for  those  who 

by  force    or  fraud  hare  done  violence 

to  man,   as   Alexander  the  Great,   Dio- 

nyams  of  Syracus^  -^^^^  Sextns,  and 

P]rnhns    (canto   xii.).    Tne   next   (the 

KTenth  circle)  is  for  those  who  have  done 

Tiolence  to  tnenuelveSy  as  suicides :  here 

sn  the  Harpies,  and  here  the  souls  are 

transformed  to  trees  (canto  xiii.).    The 

cidith   drcls  Is  for  the  souls  of  those 

irho  hare  done  riolence  to  Ood^  as  bias- 

(ihemers  and  heretics  :  it  is  a  hell  of  bum- 

log,  where  it  snows  flakes  of  fire.    Here 

is  Ca|/aneu8  (3  $yl,)  (canto  xir.),  and 

heic  Dantd  held  conrerse  with  Bnmetto, 

his  old  schoolmaster  (canto  xv.).    Hav- 

iog  readied  the  confines  of  the  realm 

of  Dis,  Ger'yon  carries  Dant6  into  the 

Rcion  of  MalSbolgS  (4  syL),  a  horrible 

heU,  containing  ten  pits  or  chasms  (canto 

xrii) :  In  the  first  is  Jason ;  the  second 

is  for  harlots  (canto  xviii.) ;  in  the  third 

ii  Stmoo  Magna,  *' who  prostituted  the 

fliiiigs  of  God  for  gold  ;     in  the  fourth, 

pope  Nicholas  III.  (canto  xix.) ;  in  the 

nfUi,  the  ghosts  had  their  h^s  **re- 

▼crsed  at  toe  neck-bone,*'  and  here  are 

AmphiaiHos,  TirSsias  who  was   first  a 

woman  and  then  a  man,  Michael  Scott 

the    magician,    with    all   witches    and 

diriners  (canto  xx.)  ;  in  the  sixth,  Caia- 

phas  and  Annas  his  father-in-law  (canto 

xxiii.) ;    in    the    seventh,    robbers    of 

churches,  as  Vanni  Fncci,  who  robbed  the 

ncristy  of  St.  James's,  in  Pistoia,  and 

charged  Vanni  della  Nona  with  the  crime, 

fM  whkfa   she    suffered    death    (canto 

zsv.)  ;  im  the  eighth,  Ulyssds  and  Dio- 

■ed,  who  were  mmished  for  the  streta- 

ftm  of  the  Wooden  Horse  (cantos  xxvi., 

xsvii) ;  in  the  nintli,  Mahomet  and  Ali, 

^hsoib^  wffigi^  **  (casto  Jntviii.)  {  in 


the    tenth,    alchemists    (canto    xxix.), 
coiners    and    forgers,    Potiphar*s   wife, 
Sinon  the  Greek  who  deluded  the  Tro- 
jans (canto  XXX.),  Nimrod^  Ephialt^ 
and  Ant«us,    with    other  giants  (canto 
xxxi.).    Antaeus  carries  the  two  visitors 
into  tiie  nethermost  gulf,  where  Judas 
and    Lucifer    are    confined.      It   is   a 
r^on  of  thick-ribbed  ice.  and  here  they 
see  the  frozen  river  of  Cocv'tus  (canto 
xxxii.).    The  last  persons  the  poet  sees 
are  Brutus  and  Oassius,  the  murderers  of 
Julius    GfBsar  (canto   xxxiv.).       tinniA 
and   his   conductor   Tii^    then   make- 
their    exit    on    the    **  southern    hemi- 
sphere,** where  once  was  Eden,  and  where 
the  "  moon  rises  when  here  evening  sets.'* 
This  is  done  that  the   poet  may  visit 
Purgatory,  which  is  situate  in  mid-ocean, 
somewhere  near  the  antipodes  of  Judea. 

*«*  Ouito  xvL  opens  with  a  description 
of  FrandL  canto  xxxiii.  contains  the  tale 
of  U(^oli'no,  and  canto  xxxiv.  the  da- 
Bcription  of  Lucifer. 

Ingelram.  (Abbot)^  formerlysnperior 
of  St.  Mary's  C^onvent.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
27^e  Monastery  (time,  EUizabeth). 

Inflrlewood  (Sqmre)^  a  magistrate 
near  Osbaldistone  Hall.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Jtob  Boy  (time,  (xeorge  I.). 

IngliB  {Corporal)^  in  the  royal  army 
under  the  leadership  of  the  duke  of  Mon- 
mouth.—Sir  W.  Soott,  Old  Mortality 
(time,  (Charles  II.). 

Ingoldsb^  (Thomas),  the  Bev. 
Richard  Hams  Barham,  author  of  In- 
goldsby  Legends  (1788-1845). 

InL  Ine»  or  Ina.  king  of  Wessex ; 
his  wife  was  iEthelbuxh ;  both  were  of  Uie 
royal  line  of  CJerdio.  After  a  grand  ban- 
quet, king  Ini  set  forth  to  sojourn  in 
another  of   his  palaces,  and  his  queen 

Srivately  instructed  his  steward  to  **  fill 
le  house  they  quitted  with  rubbish  and 
offal,  to  put  a  sow  and  litter  of  pigs  in 
the  royal  bed,  and  entirely  dbmantle  the 
room.**  When  the  king  and  queen  had 
gone  about  a  mile  or  so,  the  queen  eu- 
treated  her  husband  to  return  to  the  house 
they  had  quitted,  and  great  was  his 
astonishment  to  behold  the  change. 
iEthelburh  then  said,  **  Behold  what 
vanity  of  vanities  is  all  earthly  greatness ! 
Where  now  are  the  good  things  you  saw 
here  but  a  few  hours  ago  ?  See  how  foul 
a  beast  occupies  the  royal  bed.  So  will 
it  be  with  you,  unless  you  leave  earUilv 
things  for  heavenly.'*  So  the  king  ahdl- 
catea  his  kingdom,  went  to  Boma,  and 


INIS-THONA. 


474 


INVULNERABILITY. 


dwelt  there  as  a  pilgrim  for  the  rest  of 
his  life. 

...  In  bun*  grmt  Ina  might  pretaod 
Whfa  moj  king  dnoe  flnt  the  Saxoni  aune  to  shore. 
Drajrtoo.  Pol^bton,  xL  (1613). 

Inis-Thona,  an  island  of  Scandi- 
navia.— Ossian. 

In'i8tore»  the  Orkney  Islands. 

Let  no  vmhI  d  the  kingdom  oT  enow  [ jVorwoyl  bCMnd 


owrjVoriM 
mt  the  dark-raUlng  VETee  of  Inlstore.— OMlan.  tingat,  L 

Inkle  ajid  Tar'ico,  hero  and 
heroine  of  a  story  by  sir  Richard  Steele, 
in  the  Spectator  (No.  11}.  Inkle  is  a 
yonn^  Englishman  who  is  lost  in  the 
Spanish  main.  He  falls  in  love  with 
larico,  an  Indian  maiden,  with  whom  he 
consorts ;  but  no  sooner  does  a  vessel 
arrive  to  take  him  to  Barbadoes  than  he 
sells  Yarico  as  a  slave. 

Geoige  Colman  has  dramatized  this 
tale  (1787). 

Innisfidl  or  InisfiEul,  an  ancient 
name  of  Ireland  (ts2&  of  destmy). 

Oh,  onoe  the  hen  of  Innlefiril 
Waft  stmng  Aid  high  to  notes  of  ^bdnea ; 

Bat  iret  It  often  toU  a  tale 
Or  more  prevailing  odneM. 

OunpheO.  €fConnoi'*  Chttd,  L 

f  raised  my  sails,  and  rudiing  into  the  bar  of  Croma, 
Into  Gnuaa's  sounding  bajr  in  kively  InlsUL  — Osrfan, 
Crvtna. 

Innocents  (Tfte).  the  babes  of 
Bethlehem  cut  ofF  by  Herod  the  Great. 

*4i*  John  Baptist  Marino,  an  Italian 
poet,  has  a  poem  on  I%e  Mcusacre  of  the 
Innocents  (1669-1625). 

Innogen  or  Inooenb  (8  ayL)^  wife 
of  Brute  (1  syl,)  mjrthical  king  of 
Britain.  She  was  daughter  of  Pan'- 
drosos  of  Greece. 

Thus  Brute  this  rsalme  onto  his  rule  snbdevd.  .  . 
And  left  three  sons,  his  fismoos  progeojr. 
Bom  of  tajn  Inogene  of  Italy. 

Speuser.  /tiAy  Qmmm,  B.  10  (IHS). 
And  for  a  lastlof  leeime  of  aml^  and  neaee^ 
Brlgtit  Innogen,  hia  child,  for  wife  to  Brutus  gave. 
M.  Drayton.  fotpoMon,  L  (1612). 

Insane  Boot  (The),  hemlock.  It  is 
said  that  those  who  eat  hemlock  can  see 
objects  otherwise  invisible.  Thus  when 
BMiquo  had  encountered  the  witches,  who 
vanished  as  mysteriously  as  they  ap- 
peared, he  savB  to  Macbeu,  **  Were  such 
things  Ireally']  here  ...  or  have  we 
eaten  [nemlock]  the  insane  root,  that 
takes  the  reason  prisoner,"  so  that  our 
eyes  see  things  that  are  not  ? — ^Blacbeth, 
act  i.  sc.  8  (1606). 

InsuHbri,  the  district  of  Lombardy, 
which  contained  Milan,  Como,  Pa'via, 
Lodi,  Nova'ra,  and  Vercelli. 

Interi>reter    (Mr,),    in    Bunyan'f 


Pilgrim's  Progress^  means  the  Holy 
Ghost  as  it  operates  on  the  heart  of  a 
believer.  He  is  lord  of  a  house  a  little 
beyond  the  Wicket  Gate.— Ft  i.  (1678). 

Inveraschalloch,  one  of  the  High- 
landers at  the  Clachan  of  Aberfoyle. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Bob  Roy  (time,  Geoxge  I.) 

In vin'cible  Doctor  (TA*),  William 
of  Occam  ;  also  called  Doctor  Singwlwris 
(1270-1847). 

Invisible  l^[iight  (The),  tir  CSai^ 

Ion,  brother  of  king  Pellam  (ni^  of  kin 

to  Joseph  of  Arimathy). 

**He  Is  rir  Gerion.-seld  the  knight,  "he  vfth  the 
bhdi  iwe.  ho  Is  the  marvelleet  knight  H<1i«.  lor  he  ffaeia 
InTtathla'-ar  I.  Malofr.  JVMory  pf  friaet  Awtkmr,  t 

tsa^TO). 

Invisibility  is  obtained  by  amulets, 
dress,  herbs,  rings,  and  stones. 

Amulets :  as  the  capon-stone  called 
*' Alectoria,"  which  rendered  those  in- 
visible who  carried  it  about  their  person. 
— Mirror  of  SUmes, 

Vreat:  as  Alberich's  cloak  called 
'*  Tamkappe"  (2  *y/.)  which  Siegfried  eot 
possession  of  (The  Nibelungen  Lied) ; 
the  mantle  of  Hel  Keplein  w.v.) ;  and 
Jack  the  Giant-killer  had  a  cloak  of  in- 
visibility as  well  as  a  cap  of  knowledge. 
The  helmet  of  Perseus  or  Had§s  (Greek 
Fable)  and  Mambrino's  helmet  rendered 
the  wearers  invisible.  The  mores  mus- 
phonon  was  a  girdle  of  invisibili^  (Mrs. 
Centlivre,  A  Bold  Stroke  for  a  Wtfe), 

Herbs :  as  fern  seed,  mentioned  by 
Shakespeare,  and  Beaumont  and  Fletcher. 

Bings :  as  Gyges's  ring,  taken  from  the 
flanks  of  a  brazen  horse.  When  the 
stone  was  turned  inwards,  the  wearer  was 
invisible  (Plato).  The  ring  of  Otnit 
king  of  Lombardy,  according  to  The 
Bekknbuchf  possessed  a  similar  virtue. 
Reynard*s  wonderful  ring  had  three 
colours,  one  of  which  (the  green)  caused 
the  wearer  to  be  invisible  {Beynard  the 
Fox,  1498) ;  this  was  the  gem  called 
heliotrope. 

Stones:  as  heliotrope,  mentioned  by 
Boccaccio  in  his  Decameron  (day  viii.  3^. 
It  is  of  a  green  hue.  Sollnus  attri- 
butes tiiis  power  to  the  herb  heliotrope : 
"Herba  ejusdem  nominis  .  .  .  enm,  a 
quocumque  gestabttur,  subtrahit  visibus 
obviorum.'* — Qeog.,  xL 

Invulnerability.  Stones  taken 
from  the  cassan  plant,  which  grows  in 
Panten,  will  render  the  possessor  invul- 
nerable.— Odoricus  Jn  HakhiyU 

A  dip  in  the  river  Styx  rendered 
Achillls  invulnerable. 


ION. 


476 


IRELAND. 


Medea  lendered  Jason  proof  against 
woimds  and  fire  by  anointing  him  with 
the  Promethe'an  onguenL — Grwk  Fable. 

Sicgfridd  was  rendered  inrulnerable  by 
bathing  his  body  in  dragon's  blood. — 
NiehtUmgcH  lAedL, 

Ion*  the  title  and  hero  of  a  tragedy  by 
T.  N.  Talfoard  (1835).  The  oracle  of 
Delf^  had  declared  that  the  pestilence 
which  raged  in  Argos  was  sent  by  way  of 
iwniahment  for  Uie  misrule  of  the  race 
of  Argos,  and  that  the  vengeance  of  Uie 
gods  could  be  averted  only  by  the  extir- 
pition  of  the  guilty  race.  Ion,  the  son 
of  the  king,  offered  himself  a  willing 
•aciiiee,  and  as  he  was  dying,  Irus  entered 
and  announced  that  "  the  pestilence  was 
abating.** 

Ic/zia,  aa  ishund  of  Scotland  south  of 

Btafia,  noted  for  its  Culdee  institutions, 

established  by  St.  Colnmb  in  563.    It  is 

now  called  *'  Icolm-kill,**  and  in  Macbeth, 

aetiL  BG.  4,  <•  Colmes-kiU  *'  {kiil  means 

**  barying-gronnd  **). 

Uwmttiil  tfaOT  toft  loaa'fgtimiid 
Wkca  the  optimagm  Ant  fltabad  Cb«  riqr. 

CMnpbdl,  Stullwa, 

I<yna'8  Saint,  St  Colnmb,  seen  on 
tile  top  of  the  church  spires,  on  certain 
evenings  every  year,  counting  the  sur- 
iMBiding  islands,  to  see  that  none  of  them 
bavebeen  sunk  by  the  power  of  witchcraft. 

As  iMut  Mint,  s  ftont  Earm. 
1  «n  Ub  low*  eoovtrsiot  with  the  ttarm  .  .  . 
I  evety  ww-»ocn  ble  md  moinitain  hoar 
BtaB  Ud»  to  Um  «caea  teiM'a  AoratAwn  C*«  AMtMm 
•iirwABiW). 

-  ru  rtmmtrm  t/  Mmpt,  M.  (178S). 


I-pal-ne-mo'-ani  (i.e.  He  by  whom 
ff  iice),  an  epithet  of  God  used  by  the 
aadcnt  Mexicans. 

**  W«  knovhlm."  UMjMplr. 
Iha  wtmt '_  Fowrar-Oae.'  Um  God  of  soda, 

aouOmr,  JfMw.  L  8  (ISOI). 

Iphigenl'a,  daughter  of  Agamem- 
BOQ  king  of  Argos.  Agamemnon  vowed 
to  offer  up  to  ArtCmis  the  best  possession 
that  came  into  his  hands  during  the 
ensuing  twelve  months.  This  happened 
to  be  an  infant  daughter,  to  whom  he 
pve  the  name  of  Ipmgenla,  but  he  for- 
mie  to  fulfil  his  vow.  When  he  went  on 
his  voyage  to  Troy,  the  fleet  was  wind- 
boond  at  Aulis,  and  Kalchas  the  priest 
■aid  it  was  beouise  Agamemnon  had  not 
carried  out  his  vow  ;  so  Iphigenia,  then 
IB  the  pride  of  womanhood,  was  bound 
to  the  altar.  Artemis,  being  satisfied, 
carried  tha  maiden  off  to  Tauria  where 
■he  becama  a  priestess,  and  substituted  a 
hind  in  her  place. 


For  parallel  instances,  such  as  Abra- 
ham and  Isaac,  Jcphthah  and  his  daughter, 
Idomeneus  and  nis  ton,  etc.,  see  loo- 

MBNBUS. 

WhMt. »  new  IpUflHM,  dM  wmt  to  TMVk. 

^rroa.  Don  Jmam.  x.  40  (ISU). 

Gary,  in  his  translation  of  Jkmti, 
accents  the  name  incorrectly  on  the  third 
syllable. 

WhMco,  on  the  altM- Iphlfi'ato  moviMd 
Hot  vk;^  bMiuy. 

Hants.  Pmrmdim,  j.  {Oil). 

Ipllis,  the  woman  who  was  chaiiged 
to  a  man.  The  tale  is  this:  Iphis  was 
the  daughter  of  Lygdus  and  Telethusa  ' 
of  Crete.  Lygdus  gave  orders  that  if  the 
child  about  to  be  bom  was  a  girl,  it  was 
to  be  put  to  death.  It  happened  to  be  a 
girl ;  but  the  mother,  to  save  it,  brought  it 
up  as  a  boy.  In  due  time^  the  nither 
betrothed  Iphis  to  lantbd,  and  the  mother, 
in  terror,  prayed  to  Isis  for  help.  Hei 
prayer  was  heard,  for  Isis  changed  Iphis 
into  a  man  on  the  day  of  espousals. — 
OvicL  Metaph,,  ix.  12 ;  xiv.  699. 

\*  Cieneus  [Se.nuoe]  was  bom  of  the 
female  sex,  but  Neptune  changed  her 
into  a  man.  iEnSas  found  her  in  hadds 
changed  back  again. 

TirSsias,  the  Theban  prophet,  was  con«  ' 
verted  into  a  girl  for  striking  two  ser- 
pents, and  married.  He  afterwards 
recovered  his  sex,  and  declared  that  the 
pleasures  of  a  woman  were  tenfold  greater 
than  those  of  a  man. 

I'raiiy  the  empire  of  Persia. 

Iras,  a  female  attendant  on  Cleopatra. 
When  Cleopatra  had  arrayed  herself  with 
robe  and  crown,  prior  to  applying  the 
asps,  she  said  to  her  two  female  attend- 
ants, **  Come,  take  the  last  warmth  of  my 
lips.  FareweU,kindC3]araiian!  Iras,  fare- 
well !  "  And  having  kissed  them,  Iras  fell 
down  dead,  either  oroken-heart^  or  else 
because  she  had  already  applied  an  asp  to 
her  arm,  as  (^armian  did  a  little  later. 
— Shakespeare,  AtUony  and  Cleopatra 
(1608). 

Ireby  (ifr.),  a  oouotry  squire. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  IW  Drovers  (time,  George  III.). 

Ireland  (S,  W.  H.),  a  literary  forger. 
His  chief  forgery  is  Miscellaneous 
Papers  and  Instruments,  under  the  hand 
and  seal  of  William  Sltakespeare,  in- 
cluding the  tragedy  of  King  Lear,  and  o 
8mall  fragment  of  Hamlet,  from  the  ' 
original,  1796^  folio,  £4  4a.  (1796). 

His  most  impudent  forgery  was  tbe 
prodootion  of  a  new  play,  which  he  tried 


IKELAND. 


476 


IROLDO. 


to  palm  off  as    Shakespeare's.     It  was 

called   Vortigem  and  HotcenOy  and  was 

actually    represented    at    Dniry    Lane 

Theatre  in  1796. 

WMpt  o'ot  Mm  BhakcapMlaii  tore 
Which  sprMW  from  Mniitcrre  Irriuidli  tHon, 
WhoM  impUMDOS  dMervM  the  rod 
For  bsvhig  fd  tlM  Mom*!  iml. 

Ckatoaffrapkommmia. 

Ireland  ( 2'he  Fair  Maid  of),  tbe  ignia 

fatiius. 

Ho  httd  FMid  •  •  •  of  .  .  •  tlM  iowl$  /uttttu, .  •  •  uf 
•onto  calM  "  WfD-wldi-ttae-vhltp.'  or  "  Ja^-with>Uie- 
kntcm,"  and  iikewtw ...  "TIm  Fair  Maid  oT  WImmL" 
— B. Joanaoa.  fTtoflwrw Cfcampfamo^ Clukl^mdom,  L 7. 
U«7). 

Ireland's  Scholarshliw  (Peon), 
foar  scholarships  of  £80  a  year,  in  the 
University  of  Oxford,  founded  by  Dr. 
Ireland,  dean  of  Westminster,  in  1825. 

Ireland's  Three  Saints.  The 
three  great  saints  of  Ireland  are  St. 
Patrick,  St  Columb,  and  St.  Bridgd^ 

Ireland's  Three  Tragedies :  (1) 
The  Death  of  the  Children  of  Touran: 
(2)  The  Death  of  the  Children  of  Lir ;  and 
(8)  The  Death  of  the  Children  of  Uenach. 
— OTlanann,  Ihxnsactiona  of  the  Oaelie 
Society  of  Dublin,  i. 

Irem  {The  Garden  of),  mentioned  in 
the  Kordn,  Ixxxix.  It  was  the  most 
beautiful  of  all  earthly  paradises,  laid  out 
for  Shedad'  king  of  Ad ;  but  no  sooner 
was  it  finished,  than  it  was  struck  with 
the  lightning-wand  of  the  death-angel, 
and  was  never  after  visible  to  the  eye  of 


Tho  paradlw  of  Imn  thb . 
A  svaan  nora  sMrpMiiBS  ■ 
Than  that  hafore  wboM  afH 
Hm  tlchtlnc  of  Um  cherub'i  flat/  iworl 
WavM  wide,  to  bar  aceeMw 
Soothiy.  r«ta*a  tk»  Dmy»w,  L  tt  (ITITV 

Ire'na,  Ireland  personified.  Her  in- 
heritance was  withheld  by  Grantorta 
{rebellion),  and  sir  Artegal  was  sent  by 
the  queen  of  FaCry-land  to  succour  her. 
Grantorto  being  slain,  Irena  was  restored, 
in  1580,  to  her  inheritance. — Spenser) 
FaMry  Queen,  v.  (1596). 

Ire'ne  (8  syL),  daughter  of  Horush 
Barbarosia  the  Greek  renegade  and  cor- 
sair-king of  Algiers.  She  was  rescued  in 
the  sicffe  of  Algiers  by  Selim,  son  of  tiie 
Mooriw  king,  who  fell  in  love  with  her. 
When  she  heard  of  the  conspiracy  to  kUl 
Barbarossa,  she  warned  her  father ;  but  it 
was  too  late:  the  insurgents  succeeded. 
Barbarossa  was  slain  by  Othman,  ana 
Selim  married  I  rend. — J.  Brown,  Bar- 
barossa (1742). 

Jre^m  (8  jy/.),  wifa  of  Alcziiia  Com- 


ne'nas  emperor  of  Greece. — Sir  W.  Seott» 

Count  Rwert  of  Paris  (time,  Rofns). 

Ire'nilS.  Peaceableness  nersonitfcd. 
(Greek,  <nir^,  "  peace.*")— Phineas  Flet- 
cher, The  Purple  Island,  x.  (1633). 

I'rls,  a  messenger,  a  go-between.  Iria 
was  the  messenger  of  Juno. 

Wharawe'flT  thoa  art  In  Oili  worldli^lobih 
ru  hava  an  Irk  that  AaO  fnd  fbaa  oat 

9  Jfonry  ry.  ast  T.  M.  >  OMU. 


Iris  and  the  Dying.  One  of  tlic 
duties  of  Iris  was  to  cut  off  a  lock  of  hair 
(claimed  by  Proserpine)  from  those 
devoted  to  death,  and  till  this  was  done, 
Death  refused  to  accept  the  victim.  Thoa, 
when  Dido  mounted  the  funeral  pile,  she 
lingered  in  suffering  till  Iris  was  sent  b^ 
JvBO  to  cut  off  a  lock  of  her  hair  aa  an 
offerii^  to  the  black  Qneen,  bat  immedi* 
ately  uiia  was  done  ner  spirit  left  the 
body.  Than'atos  did  the  same  oflice  to 
Aloeatis  when  she  gave  her  life  for  that  of 
her  husband.  In  all  sacrifices,  a  fofeleck 
was  first  cut  from  the  head  of  the  victinn 
as  an  offering  to  Proserpine. — See  En- 
ripides,  Aloeslis ;  Virgil,  JEneid,  iv. 

BacTOTa  JiMa  tetK  taQM  waccrpoia  aolvo. 

8k  ait.  et  dcstra  atUMB  Mcat  .  .  .  atqua  la  Tanloa  vlls 


TkHV 


It. 


Irish  Whiskey  Drinker  {Tke)^ 
John  Sheehao,  a  Uurrister,  who,  witti 
•*  Everard  aive  of  Tipperary  Hall,"  wrots 
a  series  of  pasquinsdes  in  verse,  which 
were  published  in  Bentiey^s  Mieoellany,  in 
1846,  and  attracted  conaidenble  attention. 

Irish  Widow  {The),  a  flarce  by 
Garrick  (1757).  Martha  Brsdy,  a  bloom- 
inff  young  widow  of  28,  is  in  love  with 
l/niUam  WhitUe,  the  nephew  of  old 
Thomas  Whittle,  a  man  63  years  <rf 
age.  It  so  happens  that  William  cannot 
touch  his  property  without  hia  uncle's 
consent}  so  the  lovers  scheme  together  to 
obtain  it.  The  widow  pretends  to  be  in 
love  with  tiie  old  man,  who  proposea  to 
her  and  is  accepted ;  but  she  now  comes 
out  in  a  new  character,  as  a  loud,  vulgar, 
rollicking,  extravagant  low  Irishwontan. 
Old  Whittle  is  thoroughly  frightened,  and 
not  only  gets  his  nephew  to  take  the  lady 
off  his  hands,  but  gives  him  £5000  for 
doing  BO. 

IroPdo,  the  friend  of  Pnsildo  ml 
Babylon.  Prasildo  fii!lB  in  love  with 
Tistn'na,  his  friend's  wife,  and,  to  escape 
infamy,  IroldoandTisbina  take  *^  poison.** 
Prasildo,  hearing  from  the  apothecary 


IBOLITA. 


477  IRREFRAGABLE  DOCTOR. 


ftflt  the  fln>poMd  poiBon  is  mnocsoiis, 
^oet  And  tellfl  tbcm  to,  wberenpon  Iroklo 
H  10  ftrack  with  hit  mcnd*s  generMity, 
that  he  quits  Babylon,  leaving  Tisbiiut  to 
Fnuldo.  SvbMCjvenUj  Iroido^s  life  is 
IB  peril,  sad  Pnsildo  saves  his  friend  at 
the  hazard  of  his  own  life. — ^Bojardo, 
OHamio  Jtmamorato  (1495). 

Irolif  a,  a  princess  in  love  with  prince 
Fueintn,  Imt  consin.  The  fairy  Dan'amo 
wanted  Parcinas  to  marry  her  daughter 
Aa'iia,  and  therefore  used  all  her  endea- 
voors  to  marry  Irolita  to  Brutus  ;bnt  all 
ha  plans  were  thwarted,  for  rarcinus 
named  Irolita,  and  Brutos  married 
Azira. 

Itetamr  orirolite  wn  worthy  UMwarld't  atoih*. 
■Ml   Cm  WW0  ttWMt  14  ycm  old,  her  Mir  wm  bvown. 


t  hlooMliif  M  tbe  qirinc.  hor  nmrth  deU* 
vbito  and  oven.  Imt  tmm  bcwHoMi^.  hor 
"  yy  flardag.  and  harloetowf 


lion  Ann.  Captain  Francois  de 
Laaooe,  a  honenot,  was  called  Bras  de 
Fer,  He  died  at  the  siege  of  Lamballe 
(1531-1591). 

Iron  Chest  (The),  a  drama  by  G. 
OtfanaiLbased  on  W.  Godwin's  novel  of 
CdA  mUiams,  Sir  Edward  Mortimer 
k^  in  an  iron  chest  certain  documents 
Rbtin^  to  a  murder  for  which  he  had 
beea  tned  and  honourably  acquitted.  H  is 
Mcntaiy  Wilfbrd,  cmt  of  curiosity,  was 
prring  into  this  box,  when  sir  Eldward 
catered  and  thrsatened  to  shoot  him; 
but  OB  reflection  he  spared  the  young 
■an't  1^  told  him  all  about  the  murder, 
•ad  swore  hin  to  secrecy.  Wilford, 
■Mbte  to  endure  the  watchful  and  sns- 
IsooM  eye  of  his  master,  ran  away; 
m  sir  Edward  dogged  him  like  a  blood- 
bound,  and  at  lei^^  accused  him  of 
■obbeiy.  Hie  chanre  could  not  be  sub- 
•tentiaUd,  so  Wifford  was  acquitted. 
Sir  Edward  eoefessed  himself  a  murderer, 
and  died  (1796). 

Iron  Bake  (7^),  the  duke  of  Wel- 
Cngton  (1769-1852). 


Iron  Bm' 


I  Bmperor  (The), 
(1796, 1826-1S56). 


NichcAas  of 


Iron  QBtOB  or  JDermr  Kara,  a  cele- 
brOed  nass  of  the  Teuthras,  through 
which  ail  caravans  between  Smyrna  and 
Bniaamust  needs  pass. 

Iron  Hand,  Ooetx  vonBerlichingen, 
vko  replaced  his  right  hand,  which  he 
loat  at  the  aiege  of  Landahnt,  by  an  iron 
«e  (sixteenth  oentmy). 


\*  (>oeth«  has  made  this  the  sul^ect  af 
an  historical  drama. 

Iron  Mask  (The  Man  m  the).  This 
mysterious  man  went  by  the  name  of 
Lestang,  but  who  he  was  is  as  much  m 
nvbAus  as  the  author  of  the  Letiers  of 
Juniua.  The  mostffbneral  opinion  is  that 
he  was  count  Er'coTo  Antonio  Matthioli, 
a  senator  of  Mantua  and  private  agent  of 
Ferdinand  Charles  duke  of  Mantua ;  and 
tiiat  his  long  imprisonment  of  twenty-four 
Tears  was  for  having  deceived  Louis  XIY. 
in  a  secret  treaty  for  the  pnrdiase  of  the 
fortress  of  Casale.  M.  Loiselcur  utterly 
denies  this  solution  of  the  mystery. — See 
Temple  Bar,  182-4,  May,  1872. 

*4i*  The  tragedies  of  Zschokke  in 
German  (1795),  and  Foumier  in  French,  are 
based  on  the  supposition  that  the  man  in 
the  mask  was  marechal  Richelieu,  a  twin- 
brother  of  the  Orand  Monaraue,  and  this 
is  the  solution  given  by  the  abo  J  Soulavie. 

Ironside  (Sir),  caUed  *'The  Red 
Knight  of  the  Red  Lands."  Sir  Gaieth« 
after  fighting  with  him  from  dawn  to 
dewy  eve,  subdued  him.  Tennvson  calls 
him  Death,  and  sava  that  Crareth  won  the 
victory  wioi  a  single  stroke.  Sir  Ironside 
was  the  knight  mo  kept  the  lady  Lion^ 
(called  by  Tennyson  *  *  Lyonors  '*)  captive  in 
CasUe  Perilous.— 6ir  T.  Malory,  liittory 
cfPrinoe  Arthur,  i.  184-137  (1470). 

*«*  Tennyson  seems  vei^  greatly  to 
have  misconceived  the  exquisite  allegory 
of  Gareth  and  Linet.  (See  Garsth,  pp. 
864-5.) 

Ironside,  Edmund  II.  king  of  the 
Anglo-Saxons  was  so  called  from  his 
iron  armour  (989,  1016-1017). 

Sir  Richard  Steele  signed  himself 
«« Nestor  Ironside**  in  ttie  Qw»rdkm 
(1671-1729). 

Ironsides.  So  were  the  soldiers  of 
Oomwell  called,  especially  after  the 
battle  of  Marston  Moor,  where  they  dis- 
played their  iron  resolution  (1644). 

Ironsides  (Captain),  uncle  of  Belfield 
(Brothers),  and  an  old  friend  of  sir  Ben- 
jamin Dove.  He  is  captain  of  a  privateer, 
and  a  fine  specimen  of  an  Engbah  naval 
officer. 

He's  troe  IngUih  oak  to  ib«  hmrt  of  blm,  and  s  Out 
oM  saaiMn-lllu  flgnrt  he  ia.— CumbarUnd.  fV  BrMheru 
L  1  a76i). 

Iron  Tooth-  Frederick  11.  elector  of 
Brandenburg  (Dent  de  Fer).  (1657,  1688- 
1718). 

Irrefi^affattle  Bootor  (The)^  Alas- 


IRTISH. 


478 


ISABELLA. 


nder  Hales,  founder  of  the  Scholastic 
theology  (♦-1246). 

Irtish  ( To  cross  the  ferry  of  the),  to 
be  **  laid  on  the  shelf."  'The  ferry  of  the 
Irtish  is  crossed  by  those  who  are  exiled 
U)  Siberia.  It  is  re|nirded  in  Russia  as 
the  ferry  of  political  death. 

rnis,  the  beggar  of  Ithica,  who  ran 
errauds  for  Penelope's  suitors.  When 
Ulysses  returned  nome  dressed  as  a 
b^n;arf  Irus  withstood  him,  and  Ulysses 
broke  his  jaw  with  a  blow.  So  poor  was 
Irus  that  he  gave  birth  to  the  proverbs, 
**  A^  poor  as  Irus,"  and  *'  Poorer  than 
Irus  "  (in  French,  Plus  pauvre  qu*  Irus). 

WiUiout  naptet  Mteemlnji  Mtmlly 
KinfCrvMn  pompc  mmI  Irur  povwtte. 

T.  SackvIIle.  A  JUhnmr  /or  MagktroMtm 
(InducUon.  US7). 
Iras  srowB  ridi.  and  Cnwu  mint  was  poor. 
Lord  Brooke.  TrmttU  fff  Wmrrm  (liM-lSK). 

Irwin  {Mr,),  the  husband  of  lad^ 
Eleanor  daughter  of  lord  Norland.  His 
lordship  discarded  her  for  marrying 
against  his  will,  and  Irwin  was  reduced 
to  the  verge  of  starvation.  In  his  des- 
neration  Irwin  robbed  his  ftUher-in-law 
on  the  high  road,  but  relented  and  re- 
turned the  money.  At  length  the  iron 
heart  of  lord  Norland  was  softened,  and 
he  relieved  the  necessities  of  his  son-in- 
law. 

Lady  Eleanor  Irwin,  wife  of  Mr.  Irwin. 
She  retains  her  love  for  lord  Norland, 
even  through  all  his  relentlessness,  ana 
when  she  hears  that  he  has  adopted  a 
son,  exclaims,  **May  the  young  man 
deserve  his  love  better  than  I  have  done ! 
May  he  be  a  comfort  to  his  declining 
years,  and  never  disobey  him  I" — Indi- 
bald,  Every  One  has  His  Fault  (1794). 

Irwin  {Hannah),  former  oonfidanie  ot 
Clara  Mowbray.— Sir  W.  Scott,  8L 
Ronan's  Well  (time,  George  III.). 

Isaac  [MendoBa],arich  Portuguese 
Jew,  short  in  stature,  with  a  snub  nose, 
swarthy  skin,  and  huge  beard ;  very  con- 
ceited, priding  himself  upon  his  cunning, 
loving  to  dupe  others,  but  woefully  duped 
himself.  He  chuckles  to  himself,  **rm 
cunning,  I  jFancv ;  a  very  cunning  dog, 
ain't  1  ?  a  sly  little  villain,  eh  ?  a  bit 
roguish;  he  must  be  very  wide  awake 
who  can  take  Isaac  in.**  This  conceited 
piece  of  goods  is  alwavs  duped  by  every 
one  he  encounters.  He  meets  Louisa, 
whom  he  intends  to  make  his  wife,  tui 
she  makes  him  believe  ^e  is  Clara  Guz- 
man. He  meets  his  rival  Antonio,  whom 
he  sendfl  to   the  soppoied  Clai%,  and 


he  marries  her.  He  mistakes  Louiaa't 
duenna  for  Louisa,  and  elopes  witib  her. 
So  all  his  wit  is  ootwitted. — Sheridan, 
The  Duenna  {nib). 


Qlriofc*!   STMt    pWti 


•*T)a«y  IiMfklB' 


{Bit*  St—pt  to  ComMgr,  OoUmatthl  -  fymiu  "  f OwTfa  ^ 
Andahitia,  O'Keo'el  mid  "  Or  dhrlrtu|ik«  Cvtrj,'  la 


Mtt*  and  rirteo.  bgr  Oofaaan  [1746-180  J,— ilMvr^  ^m 
Btago  VtUrtm. 

Isaac  of  York,  the  father  of  Re- 
becca. When  imprisoned  in  the  dungeoa 
of  Front  de  Bccuf  *s  castle,  Front  de  ranf 
comes  to  extort  money  from  him,  and 
orders  two  slaves  to  chain  him  to  the 
bars  of  a  slow  fire,  but  Uie  party  is  dis- 
turbed bv  the  sound  of  a  bugle.  Ulti- 
mately, both  the  Jew  and  his  daughter 
leave  Ertgland  and  go  to  live  abroad.-^ 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Ivanhoe  (time,  Richard  !.)• 

Isabel,  called  the  '*  She-wolf  of 
France,'*  the  adulterous  queen  of  Edward 
II.,  was  daughter  of  Philippe  IV.  {le  Bet) 
of  France.  According  to  one  tradition, 
Isabel  murdered  her  royal  husband  by 
thrusting  a  hot  iron  into  his  bowels,  and 
tearing  uiem  from  his  body. 

8he-«oir  of  FtaaeOb  vtth  imitil— tins  l^api 
llMtftt'Hthohowliof  ttgroMU^Mmlo. 

Quir,  noBmndftrSfU 


Isabell,  sister  of  lady  Hartwell,  in 
the  comedy  of  Wit  without  Money,  by 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher  (1689). 

Isabella  or  Isabelle,  a  pale  brown 
colour  or  buff,  similar  to  that  of  a  hare. 
It  is  so  called  from  tiie  princess  IsabelU 
of  Austria,  dauf^ter  of  Philip  II.  The 
tale  is,  that  while  besieging  Ostcnd,  the 
princess  took  an  oath  that  she  would  do4 
change  her  body-linea  before  the  town 
was  taken.  The  si^^  however,  lasted 
three  years,  and  her  unen  was  so  stained 
that  it  gave  name  to  the  colour  referred 
to  (1601-1604). 

The  same  story  is  related  of  Isabell*  of 

Castile  at  the  siege  of  Gnna'da  (1488). 

The  bono  that  BrislMani  «M  vtooBtod  on  w  M  UhA 
M  Jet,  tiiat  of  Frilx  was  grqr,  Oimft  wm  m  wbHo  as 
milk,  and  thai  of  Uie  piincea  Pkhstar  an  habrila^ 
ComtaM  D'Aonogr,  /Mry   Talm  ("PrinoaM  FakalK;* 

imn. 

Isabella,  dau^ter  of  the  king  of  G*- 
licia,  in  love  with  Zerbi'no,  but  Zerbino 
could  not  marry  her  because  she  was  a 
pagan.  Her  lament  at  the  death  of  Zer- 
bino is  one  of  the  best  parts  of  the  whole 
poem  (bk.  xii.).  Isabella  retires  to  a 
chapel  to  bury  her  lover,  and  is  there 
slain  by  Rodomont. — Ariosto,  Oriando 
Funoso  (1516). 

Isabella,  sister  of  Claudio.  insulted  hj 
the  base  passion  of  An'geio  deputy  of 
Vienna  in  the  absence  of  duke  Yin— ntie» 


ISABELLA. 


479 


ISABTKDA. 


I«bellA  is  dclircred  by  the  duke  himself, 
•od  the  deputy  is  made  to  mftny  Mariana, 
to  vhoB  he  was  already  betrothed. — 
Shakespeare,  Measwrg  for  Measitrt 
(IfiOS). 

luMUty  wife  of  Hieronimo,  in  The 
SptmiA  Tragedy^  by  Thomas  Kyd  (15^). 

I9abdla^  mother  of  LadoT'ico  Sforza 
dnke  of  Milaiu— Maaringer,  The  Duke  of 
Miaa  (1622). 

habeHa,   a   mn   who  marries   Biron 

ddest  ion  of  comit  Baldwin,  who  disin- 

bents  him    for   this    marriage.     Biron 

enters  the   army,  and  is   sent    to   the 

ncgeof  Candy,  where  he  falls,  and  (it  is 

mppoeed)  dies.     For  se^en  years  Isabella 

Bsoms  her  loss,  and   is  then  reduced 

tb  the  ntmost  want.    In  her  distress  she 

bcf!!  sssistanee  of  her  father-in-law,  but 

kc  drires  her  from  the  honse  as  a  dog. 

Tilleroy  (2  Sffi.)  offers  her  marriage,  and 

riw  sccepts  him ;  but  the  day  after  her 

eipoinals  Biron  returns.    Carlos,  hearing 

«f  hii  brother*!  return,  employs  ruffians 

tft  Banier  hina,  and  then  charges  Tilleroy 

widi  the  crime ;  but  one  of  the  ruffians 

iBMadies,  and  Carlos  is  apprehended. 

latbdla  goes  mad,  and  mniders  herself 

ia  her  ustraction. — Thomas   Southern, 

The  Fatal  Marriage  (1692). 

«f  "labdla*  Bffwds  Hotw  for  •  tn^  actreH 
fa  pathn  to  **  BdvMHm."— K.  OwailMi^ 

(Mn.  E.  Banr,  says  T.  Campbell,  was 
nriTaUed  ia  this  part,  1682-1738.) 

%*  Wm.  Hamilton  painted  Mrs. 
addons  as  "Isabella,"  and  the  picture 
Mongi  to  the  nation. 

bobeila.  the  coadjutor  of  Zanga  in  his 
■dcnie  of  revenge  against  don  idonzo. — 
Taw^g,  The  Se^nge  (1721). 

hahdUiy  princess  of  Sicily,  in  love 
with  Boboto  il  Diavolo,  but  promised  in 
■sniage  to  the  prince  of  Grana'da,  who 
ekallenges  Roberto  to  mortal  combat, 
from  which  he  is  allured  by  Bertram  his 
fcpd-fatfaer.  Alice  tells  him  that  Isabella 
is  waiting  for  him  at  the  altar,  when  a 
^ng|^  ensues  between  Bertram  and 
Ahee,  one  trying  to  drag  him  into  hell, 
nd  the  other  trying  to  reclaim  him  to 
the  ways  of  virtue.  Alice  at  length  pre- 
vsiU,  but  we  are  not  told  whether  Roberto 
■•nies  the  princess. — Meyerbeer,  Jioberto 
i  Dinoto  (\9Sl). 

babtUa  (Domut)^  daughter  of  don  Pedro 
s  Poftuniese  nobleman,  who  designed  to 
■sny  her  to  don  Guzman,  a  gentle- 
Ds^  ol  large  fortune.     To  avoid  this 


hateful  marriage,  she  jumps  from  * 
window,  with  a  view  of  escaping  from 
the  house,  and  is  caught  by  a  colonel 
Briton,  an  English  officer,  who  conducts 
her  to  the  house  of  her  friend  donna 
Yiolantd.  Here  the  colonel  calls  upon 
her,  and  don  Felix,  supposing  Violantd 
to  be  the  obiect  of  his  visits,  becomes 
furiouslv  jealous.  After  a  considerable 
embro^uo,  the  mystery  is  cleared  up,  and 
a  double  marriage  takes  place. — Mrs. 
Centlivre,  The  Wonder  (1714). 

Mliyiii  itmA,  «  VxHtt  brovB,  %  Am  pooUiit  Up.  cf« 
that  roQ  Mid  languUi.  and  mmr  to  Wfmk  tb*  «sqaMt« 
I  dM  eoald  gh«.— Act  ▼.  1. 


laabeUm  (  The  ooumtese),  wife  of  Roberto. 
After  a  long  series  of  crimes  of  infideli^ 
to  her  husband,  and  of  murder,  she  is 
brought  to  execution. — John  Marston, 
The  Wonder  of  Women  or  SophonialM 
(1606). 

laabella  (The  iady)y  a  beautiful  young 
4^rl,  who  accompaiued  her  father  on  a 
cluwe.  Her  step-mother  requested  her 
to  return,  and  tell  the  cook  to  prepare  the 
milk-white  doe  for  dinner.  Ladv  Isabella 
did  as  she  was  told,  and  the  cook  replied, 
**Thou  art  the  doe  that  I  must  dress.'* 
The  scullion-boy  exclaimed,  "Oh  save  the 
lady*s  life,  and  make  thy  pies  of  me ! " 
But  the  cook  heeded  him  not.  When  the 
lord  returned  and  asked  for  his  daughter, 
the  scullion-boy  made  answer,  **u  my 
lord  would  see  his  daughter,  let  him  cut 
the  PAsty  before  him.*'  The  fitther, 
horrined  at  the  whole  afPair,  adjudged 
Uie  step-mother  to  be  burnt  alive,  and 
the  cook  to  stand  in  boiling  lead,  but  the 
flcullion-bopr  he  made  his  heir. — Percy, 
Reliques,  iii.  2. 

Isabelle,  sister  of  Ldonor,  an  orphan ; 
brought  up  by  Sganarelle  according  to 
his  own  notions  of  training  a  girl  to  make 
him  a  good  wife.  She  was  to  dress  in 
serge,  to  keep  to  the  house,  to  occupy 
henelf  in  domestic  affairs,  to  sew,  knit, 
and  look  after  the  linen,  to  hear  no 
flattery,  attend  no  places  of  public 
amusement,  never  to  be  left  to  her  own 
devices,  but  to  run  in  harness  like  a 
mill-horse.  The  result  was  that  she 
duped  Sganarelle  and  married  Yal^. 
(See  L^ONOR.)  —  Molibre,  V€ooie  dee 
Marie  (1661). 

Isabiiida,  daughter  of  sir  Jealous 
Traffick  a  merchant.  Her  father  is  re« 
solved  she  shall  marry  don  Diego  Bar* 
binetto,  but  she  is  in  love  with  (Charles 
Gripe;  and  Charles,  in  the  dress  of  ft 
Spaniard,    passing   himself   off   at   ttm 


I3ENBRAS. 


480 


ISLE  OF  LANTERNS. 


Spuiish  don,  marries  her. — ^Birs.  Cent- 
Uvre,  The  Busy  Body  (1709). 

Isenbras  (<^)f  ^  ^^^  ^^  medinval 
romance.  Sir  Isenbras  was  at  first  proud 
and  presumptuous,  but  adversity  made 
him  humble  and  pNcnitent.  In  this  stace 
he  carried  two  children  of  a  poor  wood- 
cutter across  a  ford  on  his  horse. 

*^*  Millais  has  taken  sir  Isenbras  carry- 
ing the  children  across  the  ferry,  as  me 
subject  of  one  of  his  pictures. 

I  wvM  jfoa  lint  at  tha  b««jmninaB 

That  I  will  mato  do  T«to  ggptogt  \pr9U\  .  . . 

Of  Oetoria—  aod  Uiibr— ■■ 

I'senffrin  {Sir)  or  Sir  IsnroHnc, 
the  wolf,  afterwards  created  earl  of 
Pitwood^  in  the  beast^c  of  Beynard  the 
Fox,  Sir  Isemprin  tTpifies  the  baroiu, 
and  Reynard  the  Church,  The  gist  of 
the  tale  is  to  show  how  Reynard  oyer- 
reaches  his  uncle  Wolf  (1498). 

Ishah,  the  name  of  Eye  before  the 
Fall ;  so  called  because  she  was  taken  out 
of  isA,  U4t,  «*man**  (Gen,  iL  23);  but 
after  the  expulsion  from  paradise  Adam 
called  his  wife  Eve  or  Havah,  i.e.  *'  the 
mother  of  all  living  ^  (Oen,  iii.  20). 

Ishban,  meant  for  sir  Robert  CSlayton. 
There  is  no  such  name  in  the  Bible  as 
Ishbao:  but  Tate  speaks  of  "extortimr 
Ishban**  pursued  by  **  bankrupt  heirs." 
He  says  he  had  occupied  himself  long  in 
cheating,  but  then  undertook  to  **  reform 
the  state." 


UhbMi  af  ooMdanea  nlta4  to  hif  tmdi^ 
Am  fao4  a  ailnt  aa  unrar  a'ar  nada  .  .  . 
Could  David  . . .  acaiKUHaeourpoanfBirttfahlai 
UaTd  a'an  tarn  laywi  to  ba  made  a  pear. 

JBhfhoshettif  in  Dryden*s  satire  of 
Absalom  cmd  Achitophely  is  meant  for 
Richard  Cromwell,  whose  father  Oliver 
is  caUed  ^^SmO."  As  Ishbosheth  was 
the  only  surviving  son  of  Saul,  so  Richard 
was  the  only  surviving  son  of  Cromwell. 
As  Ishbosheth  was  accepted  king  on  the 
death  of  his  father  by  all  except  the  tribe 
of  Judah,  so  Richard  was  acknowledged 
'^  protector  **  by  all  except  the  rojralists. 
As  Ishbosheth  reigned  only  a  few  montiis, 
BO  Richard,  after  a  few  inonths,  retired 
into  private  life. 

TtMarwho.  whan  Saol  via  dead.  wMMNrt  a  biov 
Made  fboU  A  Isbbotheth  the  crown  forega. 

Dnrdan.  Ahmlom  amd  Achit^pttal,  L  (1681). 

Ish'monie  (3  syl,)j  the  petrified  city 
in  Upper  Egypt,  full  of  inhabitants  all 
tamed  to  stone. — Fvry,  View  of  the  Le- 


*4i*    Captain  Marryatt  has   borrowed 
this  idea  in  his  Pacha  of  Many  Tales, 

I'sidore  (3  sy/.),  a  Greek  slave,  tb« 
concubine  of  don  P^re  a  Sicilian  noble- 
man. This  slave  is  beloved  by  Adraste 
(2  syl,)  a  French  gentleman,  who  plots  to 
allure  ner  away.  He  first  gets  introduced 
as  a  portrait-painter,  and  reveidshis  love. 
Isidore  listens  with  pleasure,  and  promisea 
to  dope  with  him.  He  then  sends  hij 
slave  Zaide  to  complain  to  don  Pbdre  of 
ill-treatment,  and  to  crave  protection. 
Don  Pfedre  promises  to  stand  ner  friend, 
and  at  this  moment  Adraste  appears  and  ^ 
demands  that  she  be  given  up  to  the 
punishment  she  deserves.  Vhm  inter- 
cedes ;  Adraste  seems  to  relent ;  and  the 
Sicilian  calls  to  the  youn|;  slave  to 
appear.  Instead  of  ZaSoe,  Isidore  comet 
forth  in  Zaide's  veiL  "There,"'  says 
P^re,  "I  have  arranged  everytfains. 
Take  her,  and  use  her  welL*'  **I  will 
do  so,"  says  the  Frenchman,  and  lead« 
off  the  Greek  slave. — Moli^re,  Le  ScHiem 
ou  r Amour  Femdre  (1667). 

Isis,  the  moon.    The  ■on  is  Oii'iia.— 

Egyptian  Mythology, 

TbejrfeftaerleMilworBfkli  nrftrea  AapM  Hka  the  BMoa, 
Tb  ihow  Oat  Us  doth  the  nwon  perton^ 
Like  aa  Odri«  ligDUea  Uia  MB. 

Spenaer.  ^ot»rf  HmMm,  t.  T  (UM|. 

Xskander  Beg= ii/^xondlsr  the  Oreat^ 
George  Castriot  (1414-1467).    (SeeSKAX^ 

DBRBEO.) 

Iskander  with  the  Two  Homi, 

Alexander  the  Great. 


This  FHdar  b  the  ISth  d^  «r  the  BHMB  «r  I 
jraar  (»3 [La.  qT tiU  he^ira,  or  A.D.  19S6Jafa»oe tba  retraai 
of  tha  grant  prophet  fhMn  Maocn  to  UamlDa ;  and  tai  the 
Tear  7S90  of  the  epoch  of  thecraat  Iskaadar  with  the  tw« 
bona.— il  roMan  jrigka  ("  iSa  TkOor'a  Bboff  '^ 

Island  of  the  Seven  Cities,  a 
kind  of  Dixie's  land,  where  seven  bishops, 
who  quitted  Spain  during  the  dominion  of 
the  ifoors,  founded  seven  cities.  The 
legend  says  that  many  have  vidted  the 
isund,  but  no  one  has  ever  quitted  it. 

Islands  of  the  Blest,  called  by  tfaa 

Greeks  *^  Happy   Islands,     and  by  tha 

Latins  "Fortunate  Islands;"  imaginary 

islands  somewhere  in  the  West,  where  tM 

favourites  of  the  gods  are  conveyed  at 

death,  and  dwell  in  everlasting  joy. 

Their  place  of  Mrth  alooe  ta  I 
Tb  aoancto  tiiat  echo  ftirther  wari 
Than  fear  dra'a  laiandB  of  the  ] 


Isle  of  Lanterns,  an  i 

country,  inhabited  by  pretenders  to 
ledge,    called    **  Lantemois.** — . 
FoHtag'ruel,  v.  32,  S3  (ld45). 


ow- 


ISLE  OP  MIST. 


461 


ISOKD. 


%*  Lncian  luw  a  similar  conceit,  caUod 
The  Gtu  of  Lanterns  ;  and  dean  Swift,  in 
W§  OwUioer's  IVavels,  makes  his  hero  visit 
Utpota,  which  is  a»  empire  of  quacks, 
false  projectors,  and  pretenders  to  science. 

Isle  of  Mist,  the  Isle  of  Sky,  whose 
hi|^  bills  are  almost  always  shroaded  in 


Kor  dMp  d^  hu4  hr  dir^^  dikf  if  tb»  U«  of  Wit. 


Islington  (The  "mdrmtis  of)^  one  of 
the  companions  of  Billy  Barlow  the  noted 
trcher.  Henry  VIII.  jocosely  created 
Uorlow  '•dake  of  Shoreditch,'^'  and  his 
two  companions  **earl  of  Pancras**  and 
'*  laarqais  of  Islington.** 

Tsmnel  "the  Infidel.**  one  of  the 
Immoital  Guard.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Cbunf 
Bobert  of  Pari$  (time,  Rnf as). 

Isme'ne  and  lame'nias,  a  lore 
Kerr  m  Greek  by  Eostathios,  in  the  twelfth 
ceotaiy.  It  is  puerile  in  its  delineation 
of  disiacter,  and  full  of  plagiarisms ;  but 
nsnyof  its  details  have  been  copied 
by  JjnSrt^  Montemayor,  and  others. 
Ismend  is  the  **  dear  and  near  and  true  ** 
Isdy  of  Ismc'nias. 

*«*  Through  the  translation  by  God- 
frey of  Yiterbo,  the  tale  of  Jsmcne  and 
hmenias  forms  the  basis  of  Gower's 
Cnfessio  Amantis,  and  Shakespeare's 
Perides  Prince  of  Tyr€. 

Isme'nOy  a  magician,  once  a  Christian, 
bat  aftcTwaivis  a  ren^ade  to  Islam.  He 
vss  killed  by  a  stone  hurled  from  an 
cofnne. — ^Taaso,  Jerusalem  DelioeredL  xviii. 
(1«75). 

Isoc'rmtes  {The  French),  Esprit 
FUehier,  bishop  of  Nismes  (163:^1710). 

lioline  (3  sy/.),  the  high-minded  and 
hemic  daughter  or  the  French  governor  of 
Messi'na,  and  bride  of  Fernando  (son  of 
John  of  Proefda).  Isoline  was  true  to 
her  husband,  and  true  to  her  father,  who 
lud  opposite  interests  in  Sicily.  Both 
fell  victims  to  the  butchery  called  the 
"  Sidlian  Vespers  **  (March  30, 1282),  and 
laoKne  died  of  a  broken  heart. — S. 
Knowles,  Joknof  Prodda  (1840). 

Isolt.  There  are  two  ladies  connected 
vith  Arthnrian  romance  of  this  name: 
OM,  Isolt  "the  Fair,'*  daughter  of  Anguish 
kbg  of  Ireland  ;  and  the  other  Isolt  *'  of 
the  Wlute  Hands,"  daughter  of  Howell 
1^  of  Brittany.  Isolt  the  Fair  was  the 
^rife  of  sir  Hark  king  of  Cornwall,  but 
laoH  of  the  White  Hands  was  the  wife  of 
■r  Tr^tnun.    Sir  Tristram  loved  Isolt 


the  Fair  ;  and  Isolt  hAted  sir  Mark,  her 
husband,  with  the  sarce  measure  that  she 
loved  sir  Tristram,  her  nephew-in-law. 
Tennyson's  tale  of  th2  death  of  sir  Tris- 
tram is  so  at  variance  with  the  romance, 
that  it  must  be  {^ven  separately.  He 
says  that  sir  Tnstram  was  one  day 
dallying  with  Isolt  the  Fair,  and  put  a 
ruby  carcanet  round  her  neck.  Then, 
as  he  kissed  her  throat : 

Ottt  or  Um  dMii.  jMt  a*  the  1I|M  bad  toadM4, 
Balifiid  him  row  a  abMlow  aud  a  ■brtok— 
Mark;*  war  i "  aald  Mark,  and  elova  him  ttiro*  tiN  brdn. 
Tim  Laat  Tmtrmamtmt.    (Bee  lao-iD.) 


Isond,  called  La  Beale  Isondy  i.e.  La 
BeUe  JsomOf  daughter  of  Anguish  king  of 
Ireland.  When  sir  Tristram  vanquished 
sir  Martians,  he  went  to  Ireland  to  be 
cured  of  his  wounds.  La  Beale  Isond 
was  his  leech,  and  fell  in  love  with  him  ; 
but  she  married  air  Mark  the  dastard 
king  of  Cornwall.  This  marriage  was 
very  unhappy,  for  Isond  hated  Mark  as 
much  as  she  loved  sir  Tristram,  with 
whom  she  eloped  and  lived  in  Joyous 
Guard  Castle,  but  was  in  time  restored  to 
her  husband,  and  Tristram  married  Isond 
the  Fair-handed.  In  the  process  of  time, 
Tristram,  being  severely  wounded,  sent  for 
La  Beale  Isond,  who  alone  could  cure  him, 
and  if  the  lady  consented  to  come  the 
vessel  was  to  hoist  a  white  flag.  The 
ship  hove  in  sight,  and  Tristram's  wife,  out 
of  jealousy,  told  him  it  carried  a  6/acA  fla^ 
at  the  mast-head.  On  hearing  this,  sir 
Tristram  fell  back  on  his  bed,  and  died. 
When  La  Beale  Isond  landed,  and  heard 
that  sir  Tristram  was  dead,  she  flung 
herself  on  the  body,  and  died  also.  The 
two  were  buried  in  one  grave,  on  which 
a  rose  and  vine  were  planted,  which  grew 
up  and  so  intermingled  thoir  branches 
that  no  man  could  separate  them. — Sir  T. 
Malory,  History  of  Prince  Artfwr,  h, 
(1470). 

*^*  Sir  Palirocdes  the  Saracen  (i,e, 
unbaptized)  also  loved  La  Beale  Isond, 
but  met  with  no  encouragement.  Sir 
Kay  Hedius  died  for  love  of  her. — History 
of  Prince  Arthur,  ii.  172. 

Isond  le  Blanch  Mains,  daughter  of 
Howell  king  of  Britain  (t,e.  Brittany). 
Sir  Tristram  fell  in  love  with  her  for  her 
name's  sake  :  but,  though  he  married  her, 
his  love  for  La  Beale  Isund,  wife  of  his 
uncle  Mark,  ^ew  stronger  and  stronger. 
When  sir  Tnstram  was  djing  and  sent 
for  his  uncle's  wife,  it  was  Isond  le  Blanch 
Mains  who  told  him  the  ship  was  in  sight, 
but  carried  a  black  fl^g  At  the  mast-head, 
on  hearing  which  sir  Tristram  bowed  his 

3  I 


1*«KAEL. 


482 


ITHURIEU 


head  and  died.— Sir  T.  Malory,  HtMtory 
of  Prince  Arthur,  ii.  86,  etc.  (1470). 

Is'rael,  in  Drydcn*8  Absaiom  and 
Aehito]^helf  means  England.  As  David 
was  king  of  Israel,  so  Charles  II.  was 
king  of  England.  Of  his  son,  the  duke 
of  Monmouth,  the  poet  says : 


larir  In  fbrolsn  flckta  be ' 

WUh  kingi  and  ilatea  altted  to  braeracrown. 

Drrdan.  Atml9m mmd  Adktfpihtl,  L  (MR). 


Is'raelites  (8  sy/.),  Jewish  money- 
lenders. 


.  .  .  althelviMinaBaraSttoaMblti 
Halt  omwr,  for  tbeir  .  .  .  poat-obHa. 

^ron.  Don  Jutm,  L  US  (18IS)i 

Is'rafily  the  aneel  who  will  sound 
the  **  Resurrection  bfast.^  Then  Gabriel 
and  Michael  will  call  toirether  the  **  dry 
bones  **  to  judgment.  Wnen  Israfil  puts 
the  trumpet  to  his  roontii,  the  souls  of  the 
dead  will  be  cast  into  the  trumpet,  wad 
when  he  blows,  out  will  they  fly  like  bees, 
and  fill  the  whole  space  between  earth  and 
heaven.  Then  will  they  enter  their 
respective  bodies,  Mahomet  leading  the 
way. — Sale,  Koran  (Preliminary  dis- 
course, iv.). 

*«*  Israfil,  the  angel  of  melody  in 
paradise.  It  is  said  that  his  ravishing 
songs,  accompanied  by  the  daughters  of 
paraidise  and  the  clanging  of  bdUs,  will 
give  delight  to  the  fkithfiu. 

Is'sachar,  in  Dryden*s  Absalom  and 
Acfiitophelf  is  meant  for  Thomas  Tbvnne 
of  Lnngleate  Hall,  a  friend  to  the  duke  of 
Monmouth.  There  seems  to  be  a  very 
slight  analogy  between  Thomas  Thynne 
and  Issachar  son  of  Jacob.  If  the  tribe 
(compared  to  an  ass  overburdened)  is 
alluded  to,  the  poet  could  hardly  have 
called  the  rich  commoner  *'  wise  Issachar." 

Mr.  Thynne  and  count  Koningsmark 
both  wished  to  marry  the  widow  of  Henry 
Cavendish  earl  of  Ogle.  Her  ^ends 
contracted  her  to  the  rich  commoner,  but 
before  the  marriage  was  consummated,  he 
was  murdered.  Three  months  afterwards, 
the  widow  married  the  duke  of  Somerset. 

HoapltaUle  traata  did  moat  commend 
WiM  liaaehar.  bb  wenlthj  irwt«ra  frtond. 
DiTdan.  AhmtUm  and  AokUophtt,  i.  (IMDl 

ISP'land,  the  kingdom  of  Brunhild. — 
The  Nibelungen  Lied. 

Ifltakhar,  in  Fars  (Persia),  upon  a 
rock.  (The  word  means  **  the  throne  of 
Jemshid.")  It  is  also  called  "ChiP- 
Minar', "  or  the  forty  pillars.  The  Greeks 
called  it  Persep'oUs.  Istakhar  was  the 
cemetery  of  the  Persian  kings,  and  a 
royal  treasuiy. 


find  vlth  faniMtlaMa  to  babuM  tba 
tombac?  Istakbar.  and  iba  pahra  ol  faW  eoiaaiBa.— W. 
BadJofd.  roMdk  (ITmt. 

Isumbras  (Sir)  or  Tsombraa.    (S«e 

ISBUBRAS.) 

Itadaoh  (Cb/man),  somamed  **Tbe 
Thirsty.**  In  consequence  of  his  rigid 
observance  of  the  rule  of  St.  Patrick,  he 
refused  to  drink  one  single  drop  of  water  ; 
but  his  thirst  in  the  harvest-time  was  s«j 
great  that  it  caused  his  death. 

Item,  a  money-broker.  He  was  a 
thorough  villain,  who  could  **  bully, 
cajole,  curse,  fawn,  flatter,  and  filch.** 
Mr.  Item  always  advised  his  clients  not 
to  sign  away  their  money,  but  at  the 
same  time  stated  to  them  the  imperative 
necessity  of  so  doing.  "  I  would  advise 
you  strongly  not  to  put  vour  hand  to  that 
paper,  though  Heaven  knows  how  els« 
^ou  can  sansfv  these  duns  and  escape 
imprisonment.*'^Holcroft,  The  Deserted 
Daughter  (altered  into  The  Steward), 

Ith'acan  Suitors.  During  the 
absence  of  Ulyssds  king  of  Ithaca  in 
the  Trojan  war,  his  wife  Penel'opS  was 
pestered  by  numerous  suitors,  who  as- 
sumed UiatUlyssds,  from  his  long  absence, 
must  be  dead.  Penelope  put  them  off 
by  saying  she  would  finish  a  certain 
robe  which  die  was  making  for  LaCrtes, 
her  father-in-law,  before  she  gave  her 
final  answer  to  anv  of  them  ;  but  at 
night  she  undid  all  tiie  woric  she  had 
woven  during  the  day.  At  length, 
Ulyss&i  returned,  and  relieved  her  of  her 
perplexity. 

An  tbe  bidlaa.  aMb  at  aM^ 
Uka  tbe  Itbneanabn  anlton  in  old  ttma. 
Stared  wHb  great  ar>i  and  lausbed  wliJi  atlea  Bpft 
TanaTaoo,  The nimutm,  iv. 

Ith'ooles  (8  sgt,)f  in  love  with 
Caluitha  princess  of  Sparta.  Ithocles 
induces  his  sister  PenthSa  to  break  the 
matter  to  the  princess,  and  in  time  she 
not  only  becomes  reconciled  to  his  love 
but  also  requites  it,  and  her  tether  con- 
sents to  the  marria^.  During  a  coort 
festivid,  Calantha  is  informed  by  a  mes- 
senger that  her  tether  has  suddenly  died, 
by  a  second  that  Pcnthea  has  starved 
herself  to  death,  and  by  a  third  that 
Ithocl^  has  been  murdered.  The  mur- 
derer was  Or'gilus,  who  killed  him  out  of 
revenge. — John  Ford,  The  Broken  Heart 
(1633). 

Ithu'riel  (4  syl.),  a  cherub  sent  by 
Gabriel  to  find  out  Satan.  He  finds  him 
squatting  like  a  toad  beside  Eve  as  she 
lay  asleep,  and  brings  him  before  Ciabriel. 


ITHURIEL. 


488 


IVY  LANE. 


(Hk  word  means  "  God*B  diacoveiy.")— 
imon,  Paradm  Lost^  iy.  788  (1665). 

ItiMtnets  S^Mtr,  the  spear  at  the  angel 
lUiiinel,  whose  slightest  tonch  expoMd 
deceit.  Hence,  when  Satan  squatted  like 
a  toad  **  close  to  the  ear  of  Eve," 
Ithniid  only  touched  the  creatare  with 
his  spear,  aiod  it  resumed  tiie  form  of 
Sstao. 

. .  .  for  BO  Idttbeod  CMi  mmIw* 
TMKk«fc«lMtial  tamper.  bMrMuriM 
or  iBR»  to  lu  own  lihoMii. 

MntoB.  rmredim  Lo^  tv.  (ItflB). 

hktirid^  the  guardian  angel  of  Judas 
Iteariot.  After  Satan  entered  into  the 
heart  of  the  traitor,  Ithuricl  was  given  to 
Simon  Peter  as  his  second  aogel. — Klop- 
•tock,  TU  Messiah,  iii.  and  iv.  (1748, 
1771), 

Ivan  the  Terrible,  Ivan  IT.  of 
Binria,  a  man  of  g^eat  onergy,  but  in- 
fuBoos  for  his  cruelties.  It  was  he  who 
fint  adopted  the  title  of  czar  (1529, 
153^1584). 

I'vanhoe  (8  sy/.),  a  novel  by  sir  W. 
Scott  (t^O).  The  most  brilliant  and 
sfileBdid  of  romances  in  any  langua^. 
Rebecca,  tht  Jewess,  was  Scott*s  fkvounte 
duuBcter.  The  scene  is  laid  in  EngUnd 
in  the  reien  of  Richard  I^  <uid  we  are 
ititrodDcea  to  Robin  Hood  in  Sherwood 
Fore^  banquets  in  Saxon  halls,  touroa- 
Beots,  and  all  the  pomp  of  ancient 
chivalry.  Rowena,  the  heroine,  is  quite 
thrown  Into  the  shade  by  the  gentle, 
neek,  yet  high-souled  Reb«xa. 

hanioe  (Sir  Wilfred  Anight  of),  the 
fnroorite  of  Richard  I.,  and  the  cusin- 
baited  son  of  Cedric  of  Rotherwood. 
Diflgniaed  as  a  palmer,  he  goes  to  Rother- 
wood, and  meets  there  Rowe'nahis  father's 
vsrd,  wiUi  whom  he  falls  in  love;  but 
we  bear  little  more  of  him  except  as  the 
friend  of  Rebecca  and  her  fitther  Isaac  of 
York,  to  both  of  whom  he  shows  repeated 
sets  of  kindness,  and  completely  wins 
the  affections  of  the  beautiful  Jewess. 
Ib  the  grand  tournament,  Ivanhoe 
[/.maJbo]  appears  as  the  "  Desdichado  '* 
or  the  "  IHainnerited  Kni^t,'*  and  over- 
throws all  comers.  Kin^  Richard  pleads 
for  him  to  Cedric,  reconciles  the  father  to 
bis  son,  and  the  young  knight  marries 
Rowena.^^ir  W.  Scot^  Ivcaihoe  (time, 
Bichaid  I.). 

Ivan'ovitch  (son  of  Ivan  or  John), 
die  popular  name  of  a  Russian.  Similar 
in  eonstmction  to  our  "  John-son,"  the 
Danish  «*  Jan-aco,**  and  the  Scotch  '*  Mac- 
ba." 


*«*  The  popular  name  of  the  EnglisH 
as  a  people  is  John  Bull ;  of  the  Gerinans, 
Consm  Michael ;  of  Uie  French,  Jean 
Crapaud ;  of  ^e  Chinese,  John  China- 
man; of  the  Americans,  Brother  Jon- 
athan ;  of  the  Welsh,  Taffy ;  of  the  Scotch, 
Sandy ;  of  the  Swiss,  Colin  Tampon ;  of 
the  Russians,  Ivanovitch,  etc. 

Iveraoh  (Allan),  or  steward  of  Invera- 
schalloch  with  Gallraith,  at  the  Clachan 
of  Aberfoyle.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Mob  Hoy 
(time,  George  I.). 

Iires  (Si.),  originally  called  SUpe. 
Its  name  was  chained  in  honour  of  St. 
Ive,  a  Persian  missionary. 

rram  Pevria.  M  by  mU.  St  Iv«  thii  Maud  MMght. 
And  near  our  oMtcrn  fenaa  St  place  Aadlug.  laogbt 
Tba  telUi ;  whlcb  place  fnftii  btm  alone  iba  naoM  deri?M^ 
And  of  thai  Mlntad  man  hai  alnoe  bean  rtSM  St.  Ires. 
Drajrtun,  rolgolbion,  xxIt.  QOU,). 

Ivory  Oate  of  Dreams.    Dreams 

which  delude  pass  through  the  ivory  gate, 

but  those  which  come  true  through  tiie 

horn  gate.    This  whim  depends  upon  two 

puns :  Ivory,  in  Greek,  is  eUvhas,  and  the 

verb  elephairo  means  **  to  cheat ;  **  horn, 

in  Greek,  is  hero*,  and  ^e  verb  karando 

means  "  to  accomplish." 

Sunt  gemina  MMnni  porta,  quantm  alterm  fcrtar 
Gomoa,  qua  verti  fadlis  datur  exltua  umhtta ; 
Atan  pwdanti  perfecta  nii«dM  oiapbanto^ 
Sad  fUia  ad  caluai  mittunt  Injouuiia  Manea. 

Virgil.  .«imM.  tL  nS-S. 

From  fate  of  horn  or  hrory,  ibeaaw  are  amit: 
)  to  deoaiva,  and  thoae  fur  warning  oioaat 


Ivory  Shoulder.  Demcter  ate  the 
shoulder  of  Pelops,  served  op  by  Tan'- 
talos  ;  so  when  the  gods  restored  the 
body  to  life,  Demeter  supplied  the  lack- 
ing shoulder  by  one  made  of  ivory. 

Pythag'oras  bad  a  golden  thigh,  which 
he  showed  to  Ab'aris  the  Hyperborftau 
priest. 

Not  Pelopir  afaaulder  whiter  than  her  handi. 
Nor  anowjr  ewana  that  Jet  on  Isea'a  andi. 
Wm.  Browne^  Britannia's  Pattcralt,  U.  S  (161S). 

Ivory  Tube  of  prinoe  Ali,  a 
sort  of  telescope,  which  showed  the  per- 
son who  looked  through  it  whatever  he 
wished  most  to  see. — AnAian  JSighU 
("  Ahmed  and  Pari-Banou"). 

Ivry,  in  France,  famous  for  the  battle 
won  by  Henry  of  Navarre  over  the 
League  (1690). 

Unrrah  I  iuvrah  I  a  ringle  Sdd 
Hath  turned  the  ehanoa  *A  war. 

Hurrah  !  hurrah  I  for  Ivrjr, 
And  Henrr  of  Nararra. 

Lord  Macaula/,  Law  ("  Inr."  1841). 

Ivy  Iiane,  London ;  so  called  from 
the  houses  of  the  prebendaries  of  St. 
Paul,  overgrown  with  ivy,  which  onoa 
stood  there. 


] 


IWFJN. 


4M 


JACK  JIHEND-ALL. 


Twein,  a  knight  of  flie  Boaad  Table. 
He  slays  the  pogscssor  of  an  enchairted 
fountain,  and  marries  the  widow,  whose 
name  is  Landine.  Gaw'ein  or  Qawain 
urges  him  to  new  exploits,  so  he  qnita 
his  wife  for  a  year  in  qoest  of  adTentnres. 
and  as  he  does  not  return  at  the  stated 
time,  Landine  loses  all  love  for  him.  On 
his  return,  he  goes  mad,  and  wanders  in 
the  woods,  where  he  is  cured  bv  three 
sorcerers.  He  now  helps  a  lion  fighting 
against  a  dragon,  and  the  lion  becomes  his 
faithful  companion.  He  goes  to  the 
enchanted  fountain,  and  there  finds 
Lunet'  prisoner.  While  strnggling  with 
the  encnanted  fountain^  Looet  aida  him 
with  her  ring,  and  he  in  turn  saves  her 
life.  By  the  help  of  his  lion,  Iwein  kills 
several  giants,  delivers  three  hundred 
virgins,  and,  on  his  return  to  king 
Aruiur*scourt^  marries  Lunet. — Hartmann 
von  der  Aoe  (thirteenth  century). 

Ixi'oii,  king  of  the  Lap'tths,  at- 
tempted to  win  the  lore  of  H(5r6  {Juno) ; 
bat  Zens  substituted  a  cloud  ^r  the 
goddess,  and  a  centaur  was  bom. 

*4*  R.  Browning  calls  the  name  in- 
correctly Ix'ion,  as } 

tof%  |ifOTV  dooontij 
M«i  M«  the  martBt  brtoMt 


J. 


X  (In  Ptmch)^  the  signature  of  Donglas 
Jerrold,  who  first  contributed  to  No.  9  of 
the  serial  (1805-1858). 

Jaafer,  who  carried  the  sacred  banner 
of  the  prophet  at  the  battle  of  lluta. 
When  one  hand  was  lopped  oflF,  he 
clutched  the  banner  with  the  other ;  this 
hand  being  also  lost,  he  held  it  with  his 
two  stumps,  \\lien,  at  length,  his  head 
was  cleft  from  his  body,  he  contrived  so 
to  fall  as  to  detain  the  banner  till  it  was 
seized  by  Abdallah,  and  handed  to  Kha- 
led. 

CTN^oERoa,  in  the  battle  of  Mar&- 
thon^  seized  one  of  the  Persian  ships  with 
his  nght  band.  When  this  was  lopped  off, 
be  laid  hold  of  it  with  his  left ;  and  when 
tnis  was  also  cnt  off,  he  seized  it  with 
his  teeth,  and  held  on  till  he  lost  hib 
head. 


ADMntAL  BsMMyw,  is  an  engagemert 
with  the  French  near  St  Martha,  in  1701, 
was  carried  oo  deck  on  a  wooden  fnoie 
after  both  his  legs  and  thighs  ware 
shivered  into  iplinters  bj  ehain-ehot. 

Almetda,  the  Portagnese  governor  of 
India,  had  himself  propped  agaioet  the 
mainmast  alter  both  his  legi  wen  shot 
off. 

Jabos  {Joek\  postilion  at  the  Golden 
Arms  inn,  Rippletringan,  of  iHiidi  Mrs. 
M^CandUsh  was  landlady.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Qyijf  Mcrnnering  (time,  doafge  II.). 

Ja'chin,  the  parish  clerk,  who  pnr- 
loined  the  sacramental  money,  and  died 
disgraced.— Crabbe,  Borough  (1810). 

Jaointa»  a  first-rate  cook,  "  who  de- 
served to  be  housekeeper  to  the  patriarch 
of  the  Indies,"  but  was  only  cook  to  the 
Ucentiate  SediUo  of  VaUad^md.— Ch.  iL  1. 

The  cook,  who  was  no  \tm  ditwwM  thaa  tiMM 
Jwfaite.  WM  iiiitil  hgr  Mm  eoMhaui  k 
0if  MocllLloan^ 


Jaoin'tha^  the  supposed  wife  of 
Octa'vio,  and  fcmnerly  contractad  to  don 
Henrique  (2  9yl,)  an  uxorious  Spaaish 
nobleman. — Beavmont  and  Fkteher,  Tkt 
Spani^  CwraU  (1622). 

Jadn'tha^  the  wealthv  ward  of  Mr. 
Strickland;  in  love  with  Bellamy.  Ja- 
cintha  is  staid  but  resolute,  and  thou^ 
*'  she  elopes  down  a  ladder  of  ropes  **  m 
boy*s  costume,  has  plenty  of  good  senra 
and  female  modesty. — Dr.  Hoadly,  Th$ 
Suspioioits  Huaband  {1747). 

Jack  ( Colonel),  the  hero  of  Defoe*8 
novel  entitled  iTte  History  of  the  Most 
JtemarkcMe  Life  and  ExtraonJUnanf  Ad- 
ventures of  the  truly  Hon,  Colonel  Jacque^ 
vulgtwly  called  Colonel  Jack,  The  colonel 
(bom  a  gentleman  and  bred  a  pick- 
pocket) goes  to  Virginia,  and  paraea 
through  all  the  sta^  of  colonial  life, 
from  that  of  "slavie**  to  that  of  an 
owner  of  slaves  and  plantations. 

Hm  tnmitlon   fhm    their  rrflned  Oroo'datlB  and 
Stetfras  to  Uie  ■oetotr  ot  captaiB  [«<e]  iwk  and  MoH 
FlandOT.  .  .  li(lD  uw  »  ybnm  tJ  Bwwu)  m»  \ 
fhim  Alexaodflr  tb«  Omt  loAkiMkUr  th« 
—Mneife.  BrU.,  Ait 


Jack  Amend^alL  a  nickname  given 
to  Jack  Cade  the  rebel,  who  promised  to 
remedy  all  abuses  (^-1450).  As  a  speci- 
men of  his  reforms,  take  the  following 
examples : — 


I.  your cmptiiiB,ani brave,  endTo^rieftmiiaUoa. 
MuiU  be  In  Knsind  eevca  batfpeMy  hMfw  mM  tat  m 


mi-vtmnj  nefee  warn  fat  m 
VKouTf :  the  three-booiMd  pot  dual  Imto  ten  beoH:  and  I 
will  make  It  feloojr  to  drink  small  beer.  .  .  .  Wnen  I  aa 
kbqu  dwrs  ahall  be  nomoatf;  aO  AaD  eat  and  i 
iny  M)ore :  ami  I  will  apnarei  all  In  one  Dvaiy.- 
2  BmHn/  VI,  act  It.  n;  S  (UN). 


JACK  AND  JILL. 


485 


JACK-WITH-A-LANTEBN. 


Jack  and  Jill,  said  to  be  Uie  Saxon 
lad  Nonnaa  stocks  united. 


Jack  and  jn  vmit  up  the  hfl^ 

To  fMek  s  pafl  off  waler  ; 
jMk  faO  dtrarn  Mrf  cmduA  lili 

iJfllflMI 


OrtiiBt: 


■ot  •■  Alpine  ka  or  iQa«b 

'BncWorl*  tb^BMttowu: 
Tkar  iPMA  Mr  tkM  Mr  tndi 

BM  w«nt  at  di^«  can : 
'  ultai  tak  tteir  aia^ 
talliBlrfd. 


•  a 


Jaek  and  the  Beaa-Stalk.  Jaek 
WIS  a  Ttrj  poor  lad,  sent  by  his  mothar 
to  sell  a  eov,  which  he  parted  with  to  a 
haifhsr  lor  a  few  beana.  His  mother,  in 
her  n^e,  thfew  the  beans  awar ;  but  one 
of  than  grew  during  the  nifmt  as  hicrh 
u  the  heavoM*  Jack  climbed  the  stalk, 
sad,  by  the  direetion  of  a  ftiiry,  came  to 
t  giant's  castle,  where  he  begged  food  and 
R«U  This  he  did  thrice,  and  in  his  three 
viuts  stole  tlie  giant's  red  hen  which  lud 
plden  eggs,  his  money-bags,  and  his 
Bsip.  Asne  ran  off  with  tSu  last  trea- 
sure, the  harp  cried  out,  "Master! 
■ssfeer!**  whidi  woke  the  giant,  who 
laa  after  Jack ;  bat  the  nimble  lad  cut 
tW  bwn  stalk  with  an  axe,  and  the  giant 
killed  in  his  falL 

ia  said  to  be  an  all^ory  of 
ths  Teatooie  Ai-£ader:  the  ««rad  hen" 
wprfsfniing  the  all>prodncing  son,  the 
^'iMney-bagB**  the  fertiliamg  Mia,  and 
the"  harp  "tke  winds. 

JadD-in-the-Orecn,   one   of   the 
Ksjr-daj  mummers. 

«*  Vt,  Owen  Pugh  sairs  that  Jack-in- 
fte-<ireen  reprawnts  llelvas  king  of 
Somosetshire,  disguised  in  green  boughs 
sad  lying  in  ambush  for  queen  Guenever 
Um  wifie  of  king  Arthur,  as  she  was 
ivtiiniing  frofln  a  hunting  expedition* 

Jaek-o'-Ijent,  a  kind  of  aunt  SsUy 

Mtop  during  Lent  to  be  pitched  at ;  hence 

a  poppet,  a  aheepish  booby,  a  boy-pa^ 

k  scarecrow.    Mrs.  Page  says  to  Kobin, 

Islstaif  s  page  3 

teat  ytm  bmm  ftrae  to  wt— 
I  (^  Wimdm^  aaL  ■.  «.  t 


Jack  of  Hewbury,  John  Winch- 
eomb,  the  greatest  clothier  of  the  world 
b  *je  reign  of  Henry  YIII.  He  kept  a 
kyadrsd  l«oms  In  his  own  house  at  New- 
bory,  aMl  eqvip^ed  at  his  own  expense 
a  hmidrad  of  nia  mea  to  aid  the  king 
ilpuBst  tiie   ttcoteh   in   Flodden   Field 


Jack  Bobinson.  This  famous 
comic  song  is  by  Hudson,  tobacconist, 
No.  98,  Shoe  Lane,  London,  in  the  early 
part  of  the  nineteenth  century.  The  la^ 
line  is,  **  And  he  was  off  before  you  could 
say  *Jack  Robinson.***  The  tune  to  which 
the  words  are  sung  is  the  Sailor^  Hom- 
ipe,    Halliwell  quotes  Uiese  two  lines 


Z 


m  an  **  old  play :  ** 


A  warfca  It  71  as  aarfa  to  ba 
JiM'tfato aajra.  Juelmt  rtti^ on. 

A     '     '       ' 


Jack  Sprat,  of  nursery  rhymes. 

Jack  Sprat  eoald  aat  ao  fat. 

Hb  wir«  coaU  «at  no  lean ; 
AbS  ■•  batwlxt  'am  both. 

Tbar  Uekad  thapbttor 


Jack  the  Qiant-Killer,  a  series  of 
nursery  tales  to  show  the  mastery  of  skill 
and  wit  orer  brute  strength.  Jack  en- 
counters various  |(iants,  but  outwits  them 
alL  The  following  would  illustrate  the 
sort  of  combat  x  Suppose  t&ey  came  to  a 
thick  iron  door,  the  gutnt  woidd  belaboof 
it  with  his  club  hour  after  hour  without 
effect ;  but  Jack  would  i^>ply  a  delicate 
key,  and  the  door  would  open  at  once. 
Tms  is  not  one  of  the  stones,  but  will 
serve  to  illustrate  the  sundry  contests. 
Jack  was  a  "valiant  Comishman,**  and 
his  first  exploit  was  to  kill  the  giant 
Cormornn,  by  digpng  a  deep  pit  which 
he  filmed  over  with  erass,  etc  The  giant 
fell  into  the  pit,  and  Jack  knocked  him 
on  tito  head  with  a  hatchet.  Jack  after- 
wards obtained  a  coat  of  invisibility,  a 
cap  of  knowledge,  a  resistless  sword,  and 
shoes  of  swiftness ;  and,  thus  armed,  be 
almost  rid  Wales  of  its  giants. 


Our  imk.  tlia  Glaat'kfflar  Is  etaaitf  Um  I 
tnoanatatlaii  of  tha  old  BrltUb  l^and  told  by  Qaoffit«|r 
af  MoDtaantli.  af  Cortnam  Um  T^qjaa,  Uw  compaBkNi 
flf  tha  Tn^Bii  Bntiis  wfaaa  ha  SmI  aattlad  In  ~^  ' 


Jack-with-a>Xiaatem.  This  me- 
teoric phenomoioa,  when  seen  on  the 
ground  or  a  little  above  it,  is  called  by 
sundry  names,  as  Brenning-dzakeu  Burn- 
ing candle,  Corpse  candles,  Dank  Will, 
Death-fires,  Dick-a-Tuesday,  Elf-fire,  the 
Fair  maid  of  Ireland,  Friar's  lantern, 
GiUioo-a-bnmt-tail,  Gyl  Burnt-tail,  Isnis 
fatous,  Jaok-o*-lantem,  Jack-with-a-lan- 
tem,  Kit-o*-tfae-canstick,  Kitty-wi'-a- 
wisp.  Mad  Crisp,  Peg-a-lantem,  Puck, 
Robin  Goodfellow,  Shot  sUrs,  SplUle  of 
the  stars,  Star  jelly,  a  Sylham  lamp^  a 
Walking  fire,  Wandering  fin»».  Wandering 
wild-fire,  Will-with-a-Mrisp. 

Those  led  astray  by  these  "  fool-fires** 
are  said  to  be  Elf-led,  Mab-ledi  or  Fuck- 
led. 


JACK'S. 


486 


JAGQBRS. 


When  Been  on  the  tips  of  the  fin^rs,  the 
luur  of  the  head,  mast-tops,  mna  so  on, 
the  phenomenon  is  called  Castor  and 
Pollux  (if  double),  Cuerpo  Santo 
(Spanish),  Corpusanse,  Dipsas,  St.  Elmo 
or  Fires  of  St.  Elmo  (Spanish),  St. 
Ermyn,  Feu  d'Hca^ne  (French),  Fire- 
drakes,  Fuole  or  Looke  Fnole,  Ha^s, 
Helen  (if  single),  St.  Hel'ena,  St.  Helmets 
fires,  Leda's  twins,  St.  Peter  and  St. 
Nicholas  (Italian)  or  Fires  of  St  Peter 
and  St.  Nicholas. 

The  superstitions  connected  witii  these 
** fool-fires **  are:  That  they  are  souls 
broken  out  from  purscatory,  come  to  earth 
to  obtain  prayers  and  masses  for  their  de- 
liverance ;  that  they  are  the  mucus  sneezed 
from  the  nostrils  of  rheumatic  planets; 
that  they  are  ominous  of  deatn ;  thai 
they  indicate  hid  treasures.     • 

Jack's,  a  noted  coffee-house,  where 
London  and,  country  millers  used  to 
assemble  to  examine  their  purchases 
after  the  market  was  closed.  It  stood 
in  the  rear  of  old  *Change,  London. 

Jacks  (The  Two  QenkU)^  Jack  Mnnden 
and  Jack  Dowton.  Planch^  says:  "They 
were  never  called  anything  else."  The 
former  was  Joseph  Mundcn  (1768-1882), 
and  the  latter,  William  Dowton  (1764- 
1861).— Planch^,  BecoHections^  etc^  1.  28. 

Jacob  the  Scourge  of  Oram- 
mar,  Giles  Jacob,  master  of  Romsey,  in 
Southamptonshire,  brou^t  un  for  an 
attorney.  Author  of  a  Xaw  Dictionary^ 
Lives  and  Characters  of  English  PoetSf 
etc.  (1686-1744). 

Jacob's  Ijadder,  a  meteoric  appear- 
ance resembling  broad  beams  of  light 
from  heaven  to  earth.  A  somewhat 
similar  phenomenon  may  be  seen  when 
the  sun  shines  through  the  chink  or  hole 
of  a  dosed  shutter.  The  allusion  is,  of 
course,  to  the  ladder  which  Jacob  dreamt 
about  (Oen,  xxviii.  12). 

Jacob's  Staff,  a  mathematical  in- 
strument for  taking  heights  and  distuices. 

BflMh,  then,  a  aoariagqulO.  thiU  I  aua  writo 
A*  vtih  a  Jaeob'i  Suff  to  take  har  be^t 
OereiaDd.  Th*  Mteatomb  to  BU  JlUtrma  (ISO). 

Jac'omo,  an  irascible  captain  and  a 
woman-hater.  Frank  {the  sister  of  Fre- 
derick) is  in  love  with  him. — Beaumont 
and  Fletcher,  The  Captain  (1613). 

Jacques  (1  sylX  one  of  the  domestic 
men-servants  of  the  duke  of  Aranza. 
The  duke,  in  order  to  tame  down  the 
overbearing  spirit  of  his  bride,  pretends 
to  be  a  peasant,  aud  deputes  Jacques  to 


represent  the  duke  for  the 
Juliana,  the  duke's  bride,  lays  her 
grievance  before  **duke'*  Jacques,  but 
of  course  receives  no  redress,  although 
she  learns  that  if  a  Jacques  is  ''duke,** 
the  "  peasant**  Aranza  is  the  better  man. 


obin,  The  H(meymoon  (1804). 

Jacqujs  (Pauvrt)f  the  absent  sweet- 
heart of  a  love-lorn  maiden.  Marie 
Antoinette  sent  to  Switzerland  for  a  lass 
to  attend  the  dairy  of  her  "  Swiss  village  ** 
in  miniature,  wMch  she  arranged  in  the 
Little  Trianon  (Paris).  The  lass  was 
heard  sighing  for  pauore  Jacques,  and  Ais 
was  made  a  capital  sentimental  amuse- 
ment for  thecoort  idlers.  The  swain  was 
sent  for,  and  the  marriage  conanmmated. 

FMifrr  Jtagam.  qaaadfeialt pvli  de  W 

Je  ne  aentala  paa  ma  mMre ; 
Mais  4  prtent  que  In  via  loin  de  KMi 

Je  manque  de  toMt  anr  k  ten*. 
Majnquiie  de  Thivanelk 


Jacques.    (See  Jaquks.) 

Jac'ulin,  daughter  of  Gerrard  king 
of  the  beggars,  beloved  by  lord  Hubert; 
— Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The  Beggars 
Bush  (1622). 

Jaffler,  a  young  man  befriended  by 
Priuli,  a  proud  Venetian  senator.  Jaffier 
rescued  tne  senator^s  danghter  Belvidera 
from  shipwreck,  and  afterwards  married 
her  clandestinely.  The  old  man  now 
discarded  both,  and  Pierre  induced  JalBer 
to  join  a  junto  for  the  murder  of  the 
senators.  Jafiier  revealed  the  conspiracy 
to  his  wife,  and  Belvidera,  in  order  to 
save  her  father^  induced  her  husband  to 
disclose  it  to  Pnnli,  under  promise  of  free 
pardon  to  the  conspirators.  The  pardon, 
however,  was  limited  to  Jaffier,  and  ti^e 
rest  were  ordered  to  torture  and  deiUh. 
Jaffier  now  sought  out  his  friend  Pierre, 
and,  as  he  was  led  to  execution,  stabbed 
him  to  prevent  his  being  broken  on  the 
wheel,  and  then  killed  himself.  Belvi- 
dera went  mad  and  died. — ^T.  Oiway, 
Venice  Preserved  (1682). 

T.  Betterton  (1635-1710),  Robert  Wilks 
(1670-1782),  Spranger  Barry  (1719-1777), 
C.  M.  Young  (1777-1866),  and  W.  0. 
Macready  (1793-1873),  are  celebrated  for 
this  character. 

Jafa-naut,  the  seven-headed  idol  of 
the  Hindfis^  described  by  Southey  in  the 
Curse  of  AtfAoma,  xiv.  (1809). 

Jaggers,  a  lawyer  of  Little  Britain, 
London.  He  was  a  burlpr  man,  of  an  ex- 
ceedingly dark  complexion,  with  a  large 
head  an4  large  hand.  He  had  bushy  black 
eyebrows  that  stood  np  bristling,  aharp 


JAIRUS*S  DAUGHTER. 


487 


JAQUES. 


Mspicioos  eyes  set  very  deep  in  his  head, 
and  strong  black  dots  where  his  beard 
and  whiskers  would  have  been  if  he  had 
let  them.  His  hands  smelt  strongly  of 
scented  soap,  he  wore  a  very  large  watch- 
chain,  was  m  the  constant  habit  of  biting 
his  fore-finger,  and  when  he  spoke  to  any 
one,  he  tiuew  his  fore-finger  at  him 
pointedly.  A  hard,  logical  man  was  Mr. 
Jaggers,  who  reonirea  an  answer  to  be 
'*  yes  **  or  *'  no,**  allowed  no  one  to  express 
an  opinion,  but  only  to  state  facts  in  the 
fewest  possible  words.  Magwitch  ap- 
pointed nim  Pip's  guardian,  and  he  was 
Miss  Havisham's  man  of  business. — C. 
Dickens,  Great  Expectations  (1860). 

Jaims'B  Daiurhter.  restored  to 
life  by  Jesoa,  is  called  by  Klopstock  Cidli. 
— Rlopstock,  The  Mesmah,  iv.  (1771). 

Jal^t,  &e  Arabic  name  for  Goliath. — 
Sale,  Ai  Koran,  zviL 

Jamee  (Prmoe),  youngest  son  of  king 
Robert  HI. of  Scotland,  introduced  by  sir 
W.  Scott  in  TU  Fair  Maid  of  Perth 
(1828). 

James  I.  of  England,  introduced  by 
sir  W.  SeoU  in  The  Fortwiket  of  Nigel 
(1822). 

Ja'mie  {Don),  younger  brother  of  don 
nenrione  (2  syi,),  by  whom  he  is  cruelly 
tmted.— Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The 
Spmish  Cm-ate  (1622). 

Jamie  Dufh.  Weepers  are  so  called, 
from  a  noted  Scotchman  of  the  eighteenth 
century,  whoee  craze  was  to  follow  funerals 
ID  deep  mourning  costume. — Kay,  On~ 
gmai Portraits,  i.  7;  iL  9,  17,  95. 

Ja'mieBOn  (Bet),  nurse  at  Dr.  Gray's, 
surgeon  at  Middlemas. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Tke  8iirgeoH*t  Daughter  (time,  George 
IL). 

Jamahid,  king  of  the  genii,  famous 
for  a  golden  cup  filled  with  the  elixir  of 
life.  The  cup  was  hidden  by  the  genii, 
bat  fband  yrhta  digging  the  foundations 
•f  Pcrsep'olis. 

I  Inow.  toow  wh««  thajpnU  hid 
Th«  JewtfM  eop  or  ttMlrUWoHkU. 
With  Hi's  dUr  mrUliig  Ush. 
t. MocTCb  X«lta «mU r FandiM udttM  Pari.- inT). 

Jane  Byre,  heroine  of  a  novel  so 
called  by  Cnner  BeU. 

Jan'ety  the  Scotch  Uumdress  of  Darid 
lUniitfay  the  watchmaker. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
hjrtuties  of  Nigel  (time,  James  I.). 

{       Jan'etof  Tomahonrioh(AruAm«), 
;*uat  of  Kobin  Oig  M*Combich  a  Ilighland 


drover.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Tvoo  Droven 
(time,  George  III.). 

Jannekin  (Little),  apprentice  of 
Henry  Smith  the  armourer. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Fair  Maid  of  Fcrtk  (time,  Henry 
IV.). 

Jannie  Duff,  with  Ler  little  sister 
and  brother,  were  sent  to  gather  broom, 
and  were  lost  in  the  bush  (Australia). 
The  parents  called  in  the  aid  of  the 
native  blacks  to  find  them,  and  on 
tiie  ninth  day  they  were  discovered. 
"Father,"  cned  the  little  boy,  "why 
didn't  von  come  before  ?  Wo  cooed  quite 
loud,  but  you  never  came."  The  sister 
only  said,  "  Cold  ! "  and  sank  in  stupor. 
Jannie  had  stripped  herself  to  cover  little 
Frank,  and  had  spread  her  frock  over  her 
sister  to  keep  her  warm,  and  there  all 
three  were  found  almost  dead,  lying 
under  a  bush. 

Janot  [Zha.wi],  a  simpleton,  one  who 
exercises  silly  ingenuity  or  says  vapid 
and  silly  things. 

Withoat  bdnc  %  Jutot,  who  ha*  not  tomtUtom  in  eam- 
vanattoo  cammtttil  a  Janotlwi?    Oufn.  Trmmt. 

January  and  May.  January  is  aa 
old  Lombard  baron,  some  60  years  of  tu^e, 
who  marries  a  girl  nam.d  Hay.  This 
young  wife  loves  Damvan,  a  young 
squire.  One  day,  the  old  baron  found 
them  in  close  embrace ;  but  May  persuaded 
her  husband  that  his  eyes  were  so  dim  he 
had  made  a  mistake,^  and  the  old  baron, 
too  willing  to  believe,  allowed  himself  to 
give  credit  to  the  tale. — Chaucer,  Canter- 
hury  7'a/M(**  The  Merchant'sTole,"  1388). 

♦',♦  Modemiicd  by  Ogle  (1741). 

Jaquemart,  the  automata  of  a  clock, 
consisting  of  a  man  and  woman  who 
strike  the  hours  on  a  bell.  So  called 
from  Jean  Jaquemart  of  Dijon,  a  clock- 
maker,  who  devised  this  piece  of  mechan- 
ism. Menape  erroneously  derives  the 
word  from  jaccomarchiardus  ("a  coat  of 
mail  *'),  **  because  watchmen  watched  the 
clock  of  Dijon  fitted  with  a  jaquemart." 

Jaquenetta,  a  country  wench  courted 
by  don  Adriano  de  Armado. — Shake- 
speare, Zootf's  Labour's  Lost  (1594). 

Jaques  (1  syL),  one  of  the  lords  at- 
tendant on  the  banished  duke  in  the 
forest  of  Ardcn.  A  philosophic  idler, 
cynical,  sullen,  contemplative,  and  mo- 
ralizing. He  could  "suck  melancholy 
out  of  a  song,  as  a  weasel  sucks  eggs." 
Jaques  resents  Orlando's  passion  for 
Rosalind,  and  quits  the  duke  as  soon  at 


JAQUES. 


48S         JASPER  PACKLKinCETON. 


he  18  refltored  to  hU  dakedom. — Shake- 
•peare,  As  Tuu  Like  It  (1698). 

Sometimes    Shakesperre    makes    one 

S liable  and  sometimes  two  syllables  of 
e  word.  Sir  W.  Scott  makes  one  syl- 
lable of  it,  but  Charles  Lamb  two.  f'or 
example : 

Wbom  luMnowwM  Jtqmm  with  •ovy  vlewtd  n  ml.). 

WlMN  JaqoM  fed  hb  toBtary  T«in  (S  ^.\.—C  Lamb. 

The  ''i»qam''ot  [CharU*  M.  roung.  1777 -18661  bta- 
deed  BMMt  wnndeai.  matt  melancholy,  attuD«d  to  th«  recy 
wood-walks  a»o^  whka  b«  moHa.— jr«w  MomtUg 

Jamtea  (1  syL),  the  miser  in  a  comedy 
by  Ben  Jonson,  entitled  The  Case  m 
Altered  (1574-1637). 

Jaques  (1  8yl.)f  servant  to  Solpit'ia  a 
bawd.  (See  Jacqukx.) — Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  The  Custom  of  the  Country 
(1647). 

Jarley  (i/r«.),  a  kind-hearted  woman, 
mistress  of  a  travelling  wax-work  ex- 
hibition, containing  "one  hundred  figures 
the  size  of  life;"  ti.e  **oiily  stupendous 
collection  of  real  wax-work  in  the 
world ; "  **  the  delight  of  the  nobility  and 

t;entry,  the  royal  family,  and  crowned 
leads  of  Europe.**  Mrs.  Jarley  was  kind 
to  little  Nell,  and  employed  her  as  a 
decoy-duck  to  **Jarley'8  unrivalled  col- 
lection.** 

If  I  know'd  a  donkey  wot  wouldn't  s> 

To  Me  Mra.  Jaric/a  wai-work  itiow ; 

Do  you  think  Td  aeknewMga  him  t   Oh.  w,  wo  I 

Then  run  to  Jwrlnr. 
C  DickMU,  Th*  Old  CMHMtty  Shop,  xzrfi.  (1840). 

Jamac  (Coup  de),  a  cut  which  severs 
the  ham-string.  So  called  from  a  cut 
given  by  Jamac  to  La  Chateigneraie  in 
a  duel  fought  in  the  presence  of  Henri  II., 
in  1547. 

Jam'dyoe  «.  Jam'd^roe  (2  «y/.), 
a  Chancery  suit  **  never  ending,  still  be- 
ginning," which  had  dragged  its  slow 
length  along  over  so  many  years  that  it 
had  blighted  the  prospects  and  mined 
the  health  of  all  persons  interested  in  its 
settlement. — C.  DickenS}  £te<ik  Mouse 
(1858). 

Jam'dyce  {Mr.)^  client  in  the  frreat 
Chancery  suit  of  **  Jamdyce  v,  Jamdyoe," 
and  guardian  of  Esther  Summerson.  He 
concealed  the  tenderest  heart  under  a 
flimsy  churlishness  of  demeanour,  and 
could  never  endure  to  be  thanked  for 
any  of  his  numberless  acts  of  kindness 
and  charity.  If  anything  went  wrong 
with  him,  or  his  heart  was  moved  to 
Kiel  ting,  he  would  say,  **  I  am  sure  the 


XDkkcBS,  Bleak 


wind  is  in  the  east." 
House  (1858). 

Jarvie  (Bailie  Nicof)^  a  magistrate 
at  Glasgow,  and  kinsman  of  Kob  Roy. 
He  is  petulant,  conceited,  purse-proud, 
without  tact,  and  intensely  prejudiced, 
but  kind-hearted  and  sincere.  Janrte 
marries  his  maid.  The  novel  of  B(Jb  Roy 
has  been  dramatized  bv  J.  Pocock,  and 
Charles  Mackay  was  the  first  to  appear 
in  the  character  of  "  Bailie  Nlcol  Jarvie." 
Talfourd  says  (1829) :  **  Other  actors  are 
sophisticate,  but  Mackay  is  the  thing 
itself.**— Sir  W.  Scott,  Bob  Boy  (time, 
George  I.). 

Tbo  charactBr  of  Bailie  Kfcol  Jarria  b  on«  of  the 
autbor'B  happi«at  concepUoni.  and  the  Idea  a(  cafiyins 
hhn  la  the  wSd  ruored  MMMitahM.  amenc  ontlawB  and 
deyeradoee  at  the  mm*  ttane  that  ba  wtyaid  a  beeii 
reluh  of  Uia  eomforto  of  tha  Bkhoiariwi  of  Glaav^w,  and 
a  doc  team  at  hit  dlsnity  aa  a  maslrtfata  annate  th« 
ludicrow  effect  of  tha  pktaro.— C 
ILMr. 


•Tarvis,  a  faithful  old  servant,  wh<» 
tries  to  save  his  master,  Beverley,  from 
his  HisX  passion  of  gambling. — Edward 
Mooie,  The  Qemesier  (1753). 

jBapox  was  poor,  heartless,  and 
wickea ;  he  lived  by  highway  rohbeiy, 
and  robbery  led  to  murder.  One  day,  he 
induced  a  poor  neighbour  to  waylay  his 
landlord ;  out  the  neiriibour  relented, 
and  said,  "  Though  dark  the  night,  there 
is  One  above  who  sees  in  darkness.** - 
**  Never  fear ! "  said  Jaspar ;  **  for  no  eye 
above  or  below  can  pierce  this  darkness.** 
As  he  spoke,  an  unnatural  light  gleamed 
on  him,  and  he  became  a  eonflrmed 
maniac. — R.  Soathey,  Jaspor  (a  ballad). 

Jaaper  (0/(f)»  <^  ploughman  at  Glen- 
dearg  Tower.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Mo- 
nastery (time,  Elizabeth). 

Jasper  (SEr),  father  of  Charlotte.  Ha 
wants  her  to  marry  a  Mr.  Dapper ;  but 
she  loves  Leander,  and,  to  avoid  a  mar- 
riage she  dislikes,  pretends  to  be  dumb. 
A  mock  doctor  is  called  in,  who  discorert 
the  facts  of  the  case,  and  employs  Leander 
as  his  apothecary.  Leander  soon  cures 
the  lady  with  *'  pills  matrimooiac'*  In 
Moli^re'*s  Le  Mifdecin  Malgr^  Lui  (from 
which  this  play  is  taken),  sir  Jasper  is 
called  "G^ronte"  (2  «y/.).— H.  Fielding, 
The  Mock  Doctor, 

jBspet  Facklemerton,  of  atro- 
cious memory,  one  of  the  chief  figures  in 
Mrs.  Jarley *8  wax-work  exhibition. 

"  Jaipcf  eourted  and  mafrtad  fourtwn  aiiea.  and  da* 
itrayed  them  aU  ^  ticklbw  th«  «al«B  of  their  feat  wbaa 
they  wrre  asleep.  On  bebm  brought  to  tha  MaffoM  and 
aaked  If  ba  wai  eony  for  whiU  ha  had  done,  he  raphad  ha 
wa.v  only  wonj  for  bartmt  tot  them  off  eo  eai^.  Lat  tfah^' 
nUMis.  Jarley.  ''haa  waisbw  ta aD yoM«  Ulaa  ta  ha 


iAUF. 


489 


JEDBUBGH  JUSTICE. 


_*  -  ^^  *«ett«.  bb  flaism  art  cnrtwl.  m  b  In  Uie"act 
«r  HekfiBK.  and  thttm  h  •  wink  io  hh  ivm."— C.  DiehMM. 
fW  OU  CmHmtitif  Sktf.  xxrVO.  (UM).  -'*— » 

J«ap  {AUmm)^  an  old  woomq  at 
Middlcouw  vilUffe.-^ir  W.  Soott,  The 
SmywH'8  DawghUr  (time,  George  II.). 

Jnp  {Scmmders),  %  fanner  at  Old  St. 
Room's.— Sir  W.  Scott,  8L  BomnCs  WeU 
(time,  Geoiga  in.). 

Jairan  loathufitbcron  tiiedayof  hk 
fantl^  awl  was  brought  up  in  the  **  patri- 
Mch's  riea"  by  his  mother,  till  she  also 
^ed.  He  then  flojoumed  lor  ten  years 
vith  the  nee  of  Cain,  and  became  the 
^«cipte  of  Jnbal  the  great  nmsictan. 
Hcthsnietamedtothe^en,and  feU  in 
love  with  ZiUah ;  but  the  glen  being 
BTsded  by  giants,  Zillah  and  ^fava^ 
with  many  others,  were  taken  captives. 
Enoch  reproTed  the  giants ;  and,  as  he 
Metnded  np  to  heaven,  his  mantle  fell 
••  Jaran,  who  released  the  captives,  and 
CMducted  them  back  to  the  glen.  The 
fiiottf  were  panio-stmck  by  a  tempest, 
ttd  their  king  was  killed  by  some  un- 
H»wn  hand.— James  Montgomery,  The 
WoHd  be/ore  tkeFtood(lSl2). 

^JaVin's  Isane,  the  lonians  and 
Greeks  geneoOly  (Gen,  x.  2).  MUton 
m  the  axpiessioii  in  Pantiite  Zm<,  i, 

V  In  I$aiaA  bnri.  19,  and  in  Ezek 
3CXTU.  13,  the  word  is  used  for  Gieeks 
eeUeetively, 

JavOTt,  an  officer  of  police,  the  im- 
POMoadoii  of  inexorable  law,— Victor 
Hago,  Lc8  Miserable*, 

,  J%'ia%a  city  of  Gad,  personified  by 
laaiah.  **Hoab  shaU  howl  for  Moab^ 
«Tery  one  shall  howL  ...  I  will  be- 
*iil,  with  the  weeping  of  Jazer,  the  vine 
rf  ^mah ;  I  will  water  thee  with  my 
h»i»,  0  Heshbon."— /wjoA  xvi.  7-9. 

^fc  *^  ■«<  eootaat  the  ooncmpitian  to  vmd  all  of 
•m^  tter  bowM  vMi  •  le^  «ole«,  vMfJnc  vita 


JmIoos  Traffick  (Sir),  a  rich  mer- 
omxt,  who  fiuicies  everything  Spanish  is 
better  than  English,  and  mtends  his 
^^hter  Isabin^t  to  marry  don  Diego 
Barbiaetto,  who  is  expected  to  arrive 
forthwith.  Isabinda  is  in  love  with 
g»ries  [Gripe],  who  dresses  in  a  Spanish 
neteae,  panes  hiraself  off  as  den  Diego 
«rbinetto,  and  is  married  to  Isabuuuu 
Sir  Jealous  is  irritable,  headstrong,  pre- 

C diced,  and  wise  in  his  own  conceit. — 
n.Centlivi«.  The  Busy  Body  {11(119), 

Jealous  Wife  {The),  a  comedy  by 


GeM|5e  Colman  (1761).  Harriot  Russet 
mamee  Mr.  Oakly,  and  becomes  "the 
jealous  wife;"  but  is  ultimately  cured 
by  the  interposition  of  major  Oakly.  hei 
brother-in-law. 

^  ♦»•  This  comedy  is  founded  on  Field- 
ing's Totn  Jones, 

Jaames  da  la  Fluehe,  a  flunky. 
Jeames  means  the  same  thing.^ — ^Thaoka- 
imy,  Jeomeis  Diary  (1849). 

Jean  dea  VlfiTieB,  a  French  ezpres- 
sion  for  a  drunken  blockhead,  a  good- 
for-nothing.  The  name  Jean  is  often 
used  in  France  as  synonymous  with 
olown  or  fool,  and  etre  dan*  let  viauee  is 
a  p<^ular  euphuism  meaning  ''to  be 
drunk."  A  more  fanciful  explanation  of 
the  term  refers  its  origin  to  the  battle  of 
Poietiers,  fought  by  king  John  among 
the  vines.  Vu  mariaye  de  Jean  dee  Viynee 
means  an  illicit  marriage,  or,  in  the  Eag- 
lish  equivalent, ''  a  hedge  marriage." 

Jean  FoUe  Farine»  a  merry  Aiv- 
drew,  a  poor  fool,  a  Tom  Noodle.  3o 
called  beoiuse  he  comes  en  the  stage  liXe 
a  great  loutish  bov,  dressed  all  in  white, 
with  his  face,  hair,  and  hands  thickly 
covered  witii  flour.  Scaramouch  is  a 
sort  of  Jean  Folle  Farine. 

Ouida  has  a  novel  called  Folle  Farine, 
but  she  uses  the  phrase  in  quite  another 
sense. 

Jeiui  Jaoquea.  So  J.  J.  lUtMseav 
is  often  called  (171^1778). 

TiMt  li  •immtt  Um  M|r  Buxlm  of  J«u  Jmaam  to 
which  I  OM  .  .  .  MbMrib*.— Lowl  I^^ttou. 


Jean  FauL  J.  P.  Friedrich  Bichter 
is  generally  so  called  (1763-1825). 

Jeanne  of  Alsaoe,  a  giil  mined  by 
Dubosc  tile  hi^wavman.  She  gives  him 
up  to  justice,  m  order  to  do  a  good  turn 
to  Julie  Lesuiques  (2  syl,),  who  had  be- 
friended her.— £.  Stirling,  The  Courier 
of  Lyons  (1852). 

Jedburgh,  Jeddart,  or  Jedwood 
Justice,  hang  first  and  try  afterwards. 
The  custom  rose  from  the  summary  way 
of  dealing  with  border  marauders. 

%*  Jeddart  and  Jedwood  are  merely 
corruptions  of  Jedburgh. 

Ou^r  Justice  is  the  same  thing. 

Aotntjdon  Law,  the  same  as  "  Jedburgh 
Justice.*'    In  the  Commonwealth,  major- 

feneral  Brown,  of  Abing^don,  flrst  hfinged 
is  prisoners  and  then  tried  them. 
Lynch  Law,  mob  law.    So  called  from 
James  Lynch  of  Piedmont,  in  Virginia* 


JEDDLER. 


490 


JENKIK. 


It  it  a  summary  way  of  dealing  witb  ma^ 
randere,  etc.  Called  io  Scotland,  Burlaw 
or  Byrlaw. 

Jeddler  (/v.),  "a  great  philosopher." 
The  heart  and  niystcr}-  of  his  philosophy 
was  to  look  upon  the  world  as  a  gigantic 
practical  joke ;  something  too  absurd  to 
be  considered  seriously  by  any  rational 
man.  A  kind  and  generous  man  by  nature 
was  Dr.  Jeddler,  and  though  he  had  taught 
himself  the  art  of  turning  good  to  dross 
and  sunshine  into  shade,  he  had  not 
taught  himself  to  forget  his  warm  bene- 
volence and  active  love.  He  wore  a 
pigtail,  and  had  a  streaked  face  like 
a  winter  pippin,  with  here  and  there  a 
dimple  *'to  express  the  peckings  of  the 
birds ;"  but  the  pippin  was  a  tempting 
apple,  a  rosy,  healthy  anple  after  all. 

Oraoe  and  Marion  Jeaater^  daughters  of 
the  doctor,  beautiful,  graceful,  and  affec- 
tionate. They  both  fell  in  love  with 
Alfred  Heath6eld  ;  but  Alfred  loved  the 
younger  daughter.  Marion,  knowing 
the  love  of  Grace,  left  hur  home  clandes- 
tinely one  Christmas  Day,  and  all  sup- 
posed she  had  eloped  with  Michael 
Warden.  In  due  tin^c,  Alfred  married 
Grace,  and  then  Marion  made  it  known 
to  her  sister  that  she  had  given  up  Alfred 
out  of  love  to  her,  and  had  been  living 
in  concealment  with  her  aunt  Martha. 
Report  savs  she  subsequently  married 
Michael  Warden,  and  became  the  pride 
and  honour  of  his  country  mansion. — 0. 
Dickens,  The  Battle  of  Life  (1846). 

Jed'ida  and  Benjcunin,  two  of 
the  children  that  Jesus  took  into  His  arms 
and  blessed. 

"  Wall  I  raaMmber."  a»l4  Benjamin.  "  vhMi  w  wen 
on  eertk.  with  what  loving  foudne«  He  folded  a*  in  Hie 
tm»\  bow  tendariy  He  prcemd  iw  to  Hit  heart.  A  tear 
WM  on  Hit  eboek.  and  I  kijMd  It  away.  I  we  it  ttUl.  and 
•haU  ever  see  It."  "  And  i.  too."  answered  Jedida.  "  r». 
member  when  HU  arma  were  clasped  arouiid  me.  bow 
He  takl  to  our  inothere,  'Unloae  ye  become  as  little 
children,  re  cannot  enter  the  kingdom  of  boaven.'  "•— 
Elopetock.  ffte  ifcaetaA.  L  (1748). 

Jehoi'achim,  the  servant  of  Joshua 
Geddes  the  quaker. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Red- 
gauntlet  (time,  George  III.). 

Jeliu,  a  coachman,  one  who  drives  at 
a  ratlling  pace. 

nte  drlrlng  it  Hke  the  driving  of  Jeba  the  loa  of 
MUiMbi ;  for  he  driveth  furloutljr.— 2  Kingt  k.  SO. 

Jehu  ( Companions  of) .  The  ' '  Chouans  ** 
were  so  called,  from  a  fanciful  analogy 
between  their  self-imposed  task  and  that 
ap|)ointed  to  Jehu  on  his  being  set  over 
the  kingdom  of  Israel.  As  Jehu  was  to 
cut  off  Ahab  and  Jezebel,  with  all  their 
huuso;  do  the  Chouans  were  to  cut  off 


Louis  XYI.,  Marie  Antoinette,  and  aU  tfa« 
Bourbons. 

Jellicot  {Old  Goody),  servant  at  th* 
under-keeper's  hut,  Woodstock  Forest. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Woodstock  (time,  Commoii- 
wealth). 

Jellyby  (Mrs.),  a  sham  philan- 
thropist, who  spends  her  time,  money, 
and  energy  on  foreign  missions,  to  the 
neglect  of  her  family  and  home  diities. 
Untidv  in  dress,  living  in  a  perfect  Utter, 
she  has  a  habit  of  looking  ''a  long  way 
off,"  as  if  she  could  see  nothing  nearer  to 
her  than  Africa.  Mrs.  Jellyby  is  qniU 
overwhelmed  with  business  correspon- 
dence relative  to  the  affairs  of  Borrioboola 
Gha.— C.  Dickens,  Bleak  iToMsr,  iv. 
(1852), 

Jemlikha,  the  favourite  Greek  slave 
of  Daki&cos  of  Ephesus.  Nature  luul 
endowed  him  with  every  charm,  "his 
words  wore  sweeter  than  the  honey  of 
Arabia,  and  his  wit  siMirkled  like/t  dia- 
mond.'* One  day,  Dakianos  was  greatly 
annoyed  by  a  fl^,  which  persisted  m  tor- 
menting the  kmg,  whereupon  Jemlikha 
said  to  himself,  ^Mf  Dakianos  cannot  rule 
a  fly,  how  can  he  be  the  creator  of  heaven 
and  earth?**  This  doubt  he  communicated 
to  his  fellow-slaves,  and  they  all  resolved 
to  quit  Ephesus,  and  seek  some  nower 
superior  to  that  of  the  arrogator  of  diirine 
honours.— Comte  Caylus,  Oriental  TaU9 
("Dakianos  and  the  Seven  Sleepers," 
1743). 

JemmieDuflbyweep^s.  (SeeJAMiB 
Duffs.) 

Jemmies,  sheeps*  heads,  and  also  a 
house-breaker's  instrument. 


Mr.  SUtee  made  many  plenMUit  wittkfane  on  **  Jaounlea." 
a  eaut  name  for  riieepe^  bead*,  and  abo  for  mi  fnaauknit 
implement  much  ueed  In  hb  profaarikm.— C  Dlckaa^ 


implement  much  need  In  Ut  profaaakm.- 
9N*er  rwto  (ISST). 

Jemmy.  This  name,  found  on  en- 
gravings of  the  eighteenth  century,  means 
James  Worsdale  (died  1767). 

Jemmy  Twitcber,  a  cunning  and 
treacherous  highwayman. — Gay,  Ute  Beg^ 
gar's  Opera  (1727). 

*«*  Lord  Sandwich,  member  of  the 
Kit-Kat  Club,  was  called  **  Jemmy 
Twitcher**(1766). 

Jenldn*  the  servant  of  Georj^e-*- 
Green.  He  says  a  fellow  ordered  him  to 
hold  his  horse,  and  see  that  it  took  no 
cold.  **  No,  no,"  quoth  Jenkin,  "  FU  Uy 
my  cloak  under  him."  He  did  so,  but 
**mark  you,"  he  adds,  "I  cut  four  holes  in 
{   my  cloak  first,  and  made  his  horse  stand 


JENKIN. 


491        JEPHTHAH'8  DAUGHTER. 


M  the  twre  gcoand.** — Robert  Greene, 
OforM-a-^irten^  the  Pmner  of  Wakefield 
(1584). 

JaUm,  one  of  the  retainers  of  Julian 
AT«nel  (2  stfL)  of  Avenel  CsAtle. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Tha  Momastery  (time,  Eliza- 
btOk). 

Jenkina  (Mm,  Winifred),  MiM 
Takntha  Bramble's  maid,  noted  for  her 
bad  spelling,  misapplication  of  words, 
and  Indicroiia  misnomers.  Mrs.  Winifred 
Jenkina  ia  the  original  of  Mrs.  Malaprop. 
—Smollett,  The  Expedition  of  Humphry 
Clmker  (1771). 

JatkinSj   a  vvdgar  lick-spittle  of  the 

aiistocrac^,  who  retails  their  praises  and 

wittidtms,  records  their  movements  and 

deeds,  gires  flanung  accounts*  of  their 

dresses  and  parties,  either  viva  voce  or  in 

nevspaper  para^^phs :  "  Lord  and  lady 

Dash  attended  divine  irervice  last  Sunday, 

sad  were  very  attentive  to  the  sermon" 

(wonderful!).    **  Lord  and  lady  Dash  took 

a  drive  or  walk   last  Monday  in  their 

magnificent    park    of     Snobdoodleharo. 

Udy  Dash  wore  a  mantle  of  rich  silk, 

a  boianet  with  ostrich  feathers,  and  shoes 

with  rosettes."      The  name  is  said  to 

bare  been   first  given  by  Punch  to  a 

writer  in  the  Morning  Poei. 

JenkixiBOIl  (Ephraim),  a  green  old 
iwindler,  whom  Dr.  Primrose  met  in  a 
publie  tavern.  Imposed  on  by  his  vener- 
able appearance,  apparent  dcvoutness, 
learned  talk  about  "cosmogony,"  and 
still  more  so  by  his  flattery  of  uie  doctor's 
work  on  tiie  subject  of  monogamy,  Dr. 
Primrose  sold  the  swindler  his  norse, 
Old  Blackberry,  for  a  draft  upon  Farmer 
Flamboroogh.  When  the  draft  was  pre- 
sented for  payment,  the  farmer  told  the 
vicar  that  Ephraim  Jenkinson  **  was  the 
neatest  rascal  under  heaven,"  and  that 
he  was  tiie  very  rogue  who  had  sold 
Moses  Primrose  the  spectacles.  Subse- 
quently the  vicar  found  him  in  the  countv 
jail,  where  he  showed  the  vicar  great  kind- 
ness, did  him  valuable  service,  became  a 
reformed  character,  and  probably  married 
one  of  the  daughters  of  Farmer  Flam- 
boKHudi.— Goldsmith,  Vicar  of  Wakefield 
(1765); 

For  oar  tmn  part,  w*  mnt  admit  thatw  ba««  ncrer 
baa  aUt  lo  tnat  wlUi  due  srmvlty  any  alhttloa  to  tiM 
hvaad  ipwiihffcwM  it  Mjui'tUio,  Ben/dnt,  or  SanchoDl'- 
athoa.  fruoi  thotr  laillTihibhi  ooasoeHoa  In  oar  mind 
«tlk  tfeMi  BaWMd  wtmmwMUPi at  JonkiiMnn  —  Jftufo.  Bril.. 
Aft 


Oeunie,  housekeeper  to  the  old  laird 
•f  Dumbiedikes.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Mt:arf  of 
Midiothian  (time,  George  H.). 


Jennv  [Divkr].  Captain  Macheath 
sa3rs,  **  What,  my  pre^  Jenny  !  as  prim 
and  demure  as  ever?  There's  not  a  prude, 
though  ever  so  high  bred,  hath  a  moro 
sanctified  look,  wiu  a  more  mischievous 
heart."  She  pretends  to  love  Macheath, 
but  craftily  secures  one  of  his  pistols,  that 
his  other  **  pals  "  may  the  more  easily  be- 
tray him  into  the  hands  of  the  constables 
(act  ii.  1).— J.  Gay,  TheJJejyar'aOpera 
(1727). 

Jenny  I'Ouvri^re,  the  type  of  a 
hard-working  Parisian  needlewoman. 
She  is  contented  with  a  few  window- 
flowers  which  she  terms  **  her  garden,"  a 
caged  bird  which  she  calls  *'  her  songster ; " 
and  when  she  gives  the  fragments  of  her 
food  to  some  one  poorer  thiw  herself,  sha 
calls  it**  her  delight." 

■ataados-vooi  ua  olnaa  flHnllkr  1 
Cot  fe  diantour  d«  Jenay  rOurrttra. 

Aa  eoBur  eontont.  couient  d«  p«a 
IDe  [MMUtalt  *ti«  rtdM,  ot  prdtea 

OsqoliiaBtdaDtea 

Bialla  Earaleau  (ISCrV 

Jeph'thah'8  Daughter.  When 
Jephtbah  went  forth  against  the  Am- 
monites, he  vowed  that  if  he  returned 
victorious  he  would  sacrifice,  as  a  burnt 
offering,  whatever  first  met  him  on  his 
entrance  into  his  native  city.  He  gained 
a  splendid  victory,  and  at  the  news 
tiiereof  his  only  daughter  came  forth 
dancing  to  give  him  welcome.  The 
miserable  father  rent  his  clotheu  in  agony, 
but  the  noble-spirited  maiden  would  not 
hear  of  his  violating  the  vow.  She 
demanded  a  short  respite,  to  bewail  upon 
the  mountains  her  blighted  hope  of  be- 
coming a  mother,  and  then  submitted  to 
her  t»X/^,— Judges  xi. 

An  almost  identical  tale  is  told  of 
Idom'eneus  king  of  Crete.  On  his  return 
from  the  Trojan  war,  he  made  a  vow  in  a 
tempest  that,  if  he  escaped,  he  would  offer 
to  Neptune  the  first  living  creature  that 
presented  itself  to  his  eye  on  the  Cretan 
shore.  His  own  son  was  there  to  welcome 
him  home,  and  Idomcncus  offered  him  up 
a  sacrifice  to  the  sea-god,  according  to  his 
vow.  F^nelon  has  introduced  this  legend 
in  his  T^^/naquCf  v. 

Agamemnon  vowed  to  Diana,  if  he 
might  be  blessed  with  achild,  that  he  would 
sacrifice  to  her  the  dearest  of  all  his  pos- 
sessions. Ipbigenia,  his  infant  daughter, 
was,  of  course,  bis  **dearest  possession  ;' 
but  be  refused  to  sacrifice  her,  and  thus 
incurred  the  wrath  of  the  goddess,  which 
resulted  in  the  detention  of  the  Trojan 
fleet  at  Aulis.  Iphigenia  being  offered  in 
sacrifice,  the  offended  deity  was  satisfied, 


JEPSON. 


in 


JERUSALEM  DELIVERED. 


And  interposed  at  the  critical  moment,  by 
carrying  the  princess  to  Tauris  and  sub- 
stituting a  stag  in  her  stead. 

The  Utter  part  of  this  tale  cannot  fail 
to  call  to  mind  the  offering  of  Abraham. 
As  he  was  about  to  take  the  life  of  Isaac, 
Jehovah  interposed,  and  a  ram  was  sub- 
stituted for  the  human  victim. — O^u,  xxii. 


[Bt]  not  bent  m  JephUiah  < 
BUniUjr  to  exfcau  •  r%A  tmot¥« ; 
WlKMn  lMtt«r  It  had  Milted  to  «xciabn. 
"I  hayedoneUll"tluui  tomlMmhIa] 
Bjr  doing  won*.    Not  uiiMko  to  him 
lu  Mljr  UuU  ITMU  leader  of  the  Qreek*— 
Whano*.  on  the  idtar  IphigMila  mouiiMd 
Har  viri^  boMily. 


*«*  IphigCnia,  in  Greek  i^nr«v«<a.  is 
a<»:entea  incorrectly  in  this  translation  br 
Cary. 

*«*  Jcphthah*s  daughter  has  often  been 
dramatized.  Thus  we  liavc  in  English 
Jephtha  Am  Davqhtery  by  Plessie  Momey ; 
Jephtha  (1546),  by  Christopherson ; 
Jephtha^  by  Buchanan  ;  and  J€pktJta/i  (an 
opera,  1752),  by  Handel. 

Jepson  iOld)i  a  smuggler. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  BedguwUlet  (time,  Geiorge  IIL). 

Jeremi'ah  {Tf^e  BritisJi),  Gildas, 
author  of  De  Exidio  BriUmntcB,  a  book  of 
lamentations  over  the  destniction  of 
Britain.  He  is  so  called  by  Gibbon  (516- 
670). 

Jer'emy  {^faster)y  bead  domestic  of 
lord  Saville.— Sir  VV.  Scott,  Peveril  of  the 
Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Jeremy  Diddler,  an  adept  at  rais- 
ing money  on  false  pretences. — Kenney, 
Jiaisingthe  Wind, 

Jericlio,  the  manor  of  Blackmore, 
near  Chelmsford.  Here  Henry  VI 1 1,  had 
one  of  his  houses  of  pleasure,  and  when 
he  was  absent  on  some  afi^ir  of  tntllantry, 
the  expression  in  vogue  was,  **  He's  gone 
to  Jericho." 

Jemingliain  (Master  77*onkw),  the 
duke  of  Buckingham's  gentleman. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Fetenl  of  Di§  Peak  (time, 
Charles  II.). 

Jerome  (A>n}»  father  of  don  Fer- 
dinand and  Louisa ;  pig-headed,  pas- 
sionate, and  mercenary,  but  very  fond  of 
his  daughter.  He  insists  on  her  manying 
IsKac  Mendo2a,  a  rich  Portuguese  Jew ; 
but  Louisa,  being  in  love  with  don  An- 
tonio, positively  refuses  to  do  so.  She  is 
turned  out  of  the  house  by  mistake,  and 
her  duenna  is  locked  up,  under  the  belief 
tuat  she  is  ]x>ui8a.  Isaac,  being  intro- 
duced to  the  dumna,  elopes  with  her,  sup- 


posing her  to  be  don  Jerome's  daughter ; 
and  Louisa,  taking  refuge  in  a  convent, 
gets  married  to  don  Antonio.  Ferdinand^ 
at  the  same  time,  marries  Clara  the 
daughter  of  don  Guzman.  The  old  man 
is  well  content,  and  promises  to  be  the 
friend  of  his  children,  who,  he  acknow- 
ledges, have  chosen  better  for  themselves 
tlian  he  had  done  for  theuK — Sheridan, 
The  Duenna  (1776). 

Jerome  {Father)^  abbot  at  St.  Bride's 
Convent.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Ca$tie  Dangmms 
(time,  Henry  I.), 

Jeron'imo,  the  principal  diaracter  in 
TKe  Spanish  Trageay^  by  Thomas  Krd 
(1697).  On  finding  his  application  to  the 
kiuff  ill-timed,  he  sa^s  to  himself,  **Go 
by  r  Jeronimo ; "  wludi  so  tickled  the 
fancy  of  the  audience  that  it  becaK«  a 
common  street  jest. 

Jerry,  manager  of  a  troupe  of  dandne 
dogs.  He  was  a  tall,  black-whiskered 
man,  in  a  velveteen  coat.— <^.  Dickens, 
The  Old  Curiosity  Shop,  xviii.  (1840). 

Jerry  Sneak,  a  hen-pecked  husband. 
— Foote,  Mayor  of  Qarrat  (1763). 

Jerryman'deringy  so  dividing  » 
state  or  local  district  as  to  give  one  part 
of  it  a  political  advantage  over  the  otner. 
The  word  is  a  corruption  of  **  Gerryman- 
dering ; "  so  called  from  Elbridge  Gerry, 
governor  of  Massadiusetts,  member  of 
congress  from  1776  to  1784,  and  viee- 
president  of  the  United  States  in  1819. 
Elbridge  Gercy  died  in  1814. 

Jeru'salem,  in  Dryden's  Absalom  and 
Achitophel,  means  London  ;  "  David  **  is 
Charles  II.,  and  *' Absalom  **  the  duka  of 
Monmouth,  etc 

Jerusalem,  Henry  IV.  was  told  "ha 
should  not  die  but  in  Jerusalem.**  Being 
in  Westm  raster  Abbey,  he  inquired  what 
the  chapter-bouse  was  called,  and  when 
he  was  told  it  was  called  tiie  "  Jemsalem 
Chamber,"  he  felt  sure  that  he  would  die 
^ere  "  according  to  the  prophecy,'*  and 
so  he  did. 

Pope  Stlvkster  II.  was  told  the  same 
thing,  and  died  as  he  was  saying  mass  in 
a  church  so  called  at  Rome. — Brown, 
Fasciculus. 

Cambts^  son  of  Cvrus,  was  told  that 
he  should  die  in  Ecbat'ana,  whidi  he  sup- 
posed meant  the  capital  of  Media ;  but  be 
died  of  his  wounds  in  a  place  so  called  in 
Syria. 

Jerusalem   Delivered,    an  epic 


JEBVJS. 


JKW. 


poem  is  twantr  books,  by  Tozqu«to  Tmm 

The  ennden,  having  encamped  on  tho 
plaiits  of  Torto'aa,  choose  Godfioy  for 
their  chief.  The  ovcrtores  of  Amntds 
being  declined,  wmr  is  declared  by  him  in 
tfai  MHM  of  the  king  of  Egypt.  The 
rhriitiwi  army  reaches  Jerasuem,  but  it 
it  feoad  that  the  city  cannot  be  taken 
without  the  aid  of  RinaMo,  who  had  with- 
diswB  from  the  army  becaose  Godfrey 
had  dtcd  him  for  the  death  of  Gimandoi 
whom  he  had  slain  in  a  doeL  Godfrey 
■nds  to  the  enchanted  island  of  Ami'da 
to  invite  the  hero  back,  and  on  his  retain 
Jenualem  is  sssailed  m  a  night  attack. 
The  poem  conclndes  with  the  triamphant 
mtiy  of  the  CSiristians  into  the  Hohr 
Gtjj  and  theiradoxmtion  at  the  Bedeemer  s 
tomb. 

The  two  chief  episodes  are  the  loves  of 
Olindo  and  Sophronia,  and  of  Tanored 
aadCorinda. 


(Mr9»)f  the  virtaoas  hoas»- 

kecper  of  yoong  sqain  B.  Mrs.  Jervis 
protects  Pam'ela  when  her  yoong  master 
aiBsils  her. — Richardson,  Pamela  or 
Yirtm  Rewarded  (1740). 

Jeesamy.  the  son  of  colonel  Oldboy* 
HecfaftQged  his  name  in  compliment  to 
lord  Jeseam^,  who  adopted  him  and  left 
him  his  hetr.  Jesaamv  is  an  affected, 
eooeeited  prig,  who  dresses  as  a  fop, 
carries  a  moff  to  keep  his  hands  warm, 
aad  likes  old  china  better  than  a  pretty 
nri.  This  po[Mnjay  proposes  to  Clarisita 
Flowerdale ;  bat  she  despises  him,  much 
ts  his  indignation  and  asttmishment. — 
WekentalE,  Lionel  and  Oarista  (17ii6- 
1790). 


tewfld  fton  Iwiiujw  to  top^ 

and  takmrnuiM,  aBdcanlna  moC 
takfciafc  Fraucfa  pnwdwwd  pair. 

iUtLl. 


Jeaeamy  Bride  (Tha)^  Marv  Hor- 
■eck,  with  whom  Goldsmith  fell  in  love 
hi  1709. 

Jes'aioa^  danghter  of  l^ylock  the 
Jew.  She  elopes  with  Lorenzo. — Shake- 
•peare,  Merchant  of  Venice  (1597). 

I  flff  ia  cbwiag  ooloiin  from  the  rainbow  paletto  of 
tt«  hasa  ifch  tine  of  Qrtaahitlwi  jbad  wi 


Jesters.    (SeeFoou.) 

Jests  {The  F^her  of)t  Joseph  or  Joe 
Miller,  an  English  comic  actor,  whose 
same  has  beN»>me  a  household  word  for  a 
■tale  joke  (1684-1708).    The    book   of 


jests  which  eoes  by  his  name  was  com* 
piled  by  Mr.  Mottley  the  dramatist 
(1739).  Joe  Miller  bimitelf  never  uttered 
a  jest  in  his  life,  and  it  is  a  lucus  a  no» 
lucendo  to  father  them  on  such  a  tacitam, 
eommenplace  dullard. 

Jesas  Ohrist  and  the  Clay 
Bird.  The  Koran  says :  **  O  Jesus,  son 
of  Mary,  remember  .  .  .  when  thou  didst 
create  of  clav  the  figure  of  a  bird  .  .  . 
and  did  breathe  thereon,  and  it  became  a 
bird !  **— Ch.  v. 

The  idlusion  is  to  a  l^end  tint  Jesus  was 
playing  with  other  ohudien  who  amused 
tbemsdves  with  making  clav  birds,  but 
wh«i  the  child  Jesus  breathed  on  the  one 
He  had  made,  it  instantly  received  life 
and  flew  away. — Hone,  Apocryvhai  New 
Testament  (1820). 

Jew  rTAtf))  a  comedy  by  R.  Cumber- 
land (1776),  written  to  disabuse  the 
public  mind  of  unjust  prejudices  against 
a  people  who  have  been  long  "  scattered 
and  peeled."  The  Jew  is  sheva,  who 
was  rescued  at  Cadiz  from  an  auto  da  fe 
by  don  Carlos,  and  from  a  howHng  Lon- 
don mob  by  the  son  of  don  Carlos,  colled 
Charles  Rn^liffe.  His  whole  life  is  spent 
in  unostentatious  benevolence,  but  his 
modesty  is  equal  to  his  philanthropy. 
He  gives  £10,000  as  a  marriage  portion 
to  Ratcliffe*s  sister,  who  marries  Fre- 
derick Bertram,  and  he  makes  Charles  the 
heir  of  all  his  property. 

Jew  (The). 

IbkiaUkaJMr 

Ibat  SbakMpaara  drev. 

This  couplet  was  written  by  Pope,  and 
refers  to  the  *'Shylock"  of  Charles 
Macklin  (1690-1797). 

Jew  {The  Wandering), 

1.  Of  Greek  tradition.  ArisVkas,  a 
poet,  who  continued  to  appear  and  dis- 
appear alternately  for  abK>ve  400  years> 
and  who  visited  all  the  mythical  nations 
of  the  earth. 

2.  Of  Jewish  story,  Tiaditioo  says 
that  Cartaph'ilos,  the  door-keeper  of 
the  judgment  hall  in  the  service  of  Pon- 
tius PilatCj  struck  our  Lord  as  be  led  Him 
forth,  saying,  **Get  on !  Faster,  Jesus ! " 
A\liereupon  Uie  Man  of  Sorrows  replied, 
**  I  am  going  ;  but  tarry  thou  till  1  come 
[aaain],^*  This  man  afterwards  became 
a  Christian,  and  was  baptized  by  Ananias 
under  the  name  uf  Joseph.  Every  hun- 
dred years  be  falls  into  a  trance,  out  of 
which  he  rises  again  at  the  age  of  80. 

*«*  The  earliest  account  of  the  Wan- 
dering Jew  is  in  thr.  Book  of  the  Chronielet 


JEW. 


494 


JINGO. 


0/  the  Abbey  of  St.  Atbcm*»,  copied  aod 
continued  by  Matthew  Paris  (1228).  In 
1242  Philip  Mouskes,  afterwards  bishop 
of  Toumay,  wrote  the  **  rhymed 
chronicle.'* 

Another  legend  is  that  Jesus,  pressed 
down  by  the  weight  of  His  cross,  stopped 
to  rest  at  the  door  of  a  cobbler,  named 
Ahasub'kus,  who  pushed  Him  away, 
saying,  **  Get  ofF !  Away  with  you ! 
away!"  Our  Lord  replied,  "Truly,  I 
go  away,  and  that  quickly;  but  tarry 
thou  till  I  come." 

*«^  This  is  the  legend  giren  by  Paul 
von  Eitzen,  bishop  of  Schleswig,  in  1547. 
— Greve,  Memoire  of  Paul  von  Eitzen 
(1744). 

A  third  legend  sa3rs  that  it  was  the 
cobbler  Ahasue'rus  who  haled  Jesus  to 
the  judgment  seat ;  and  that  as  the  Man 
of  Sorrows  stayed  to  rest  awhile  on  a 
stone,  he  pushed  Him,  saying,  **  Get  on, 
Jesus !  Here  you  shall  not  stay !  **  Jesus 
replied,  **  I  trulv  go  away,  and  go  to 
rest ;  but  thou  shalt  go  away  and  never 
rest  till  I  come.** 

8.  Jh  German  legend,  the  Wandering 
Jew  is  associated  wiUi  John  BuTTADiBus, 
seen  at  Antwerp  in  the  thirteenth  cen- 
tury, again  in  the  fifteenth,  and  again  in 
the  sixteenth  centuries.  His  laist  ap- 
pearance was  in  1774,  at  Brussels. 

*^*  Leonard  Doldius,  of  NUmberg,  in 
his  Praxis  Alchymia  (1604),  says  that 
the  Jew  Ahasue'rus  is  sometimes  called 
"  Buttad«u8.** 

Signor  Gualdi,  who  had  been  dead  ISO 
years,  appeared  in  the  latter  half  of  the 
eighteento  century,  and  had  his  likeness 
taken  by  Titian.  One  day  he  disap- 
peared as  mysteriously  as  he  had  come. — 
l^a-kieh  Spu,  ii.  (1C82). 

4.  The  trench  legend.  The  French  call 
the  Wandering  Jew  Isaac  Lakk'dion  or 
Laquedem. — Mittomacht,  Diaeertatio  m 
Johan,,  zxi.  19. 

6.  Of  Dr,  Croly^s  novel.  The  name 
given  to  the  Wandering  Jew  by  Dr. 
Croly  is  Salathiel  rbn  Sadi,  who  ap- 
peared and  disappeared  towards  the  close 
of  the  sixteenth  century  at  Venice,  in  so 
sudden  a  manner  as  to  attract  the  atten- 
tion of  all  Europe. 

*»*  Dr.  Croly,  in  his  novel  called 
Salathiel  (1827),  traces  the  course  of  the 
Wandering  Jew  ;  so  does  Eugene  Sue,  in 
Le  Jmf  Errant  ( 1 845)  ;  but  in  those  novels 
the  .Tew  makes  no  figure  of  importance. 

G.  Dor^,  in  1861,  illustrated  the  legend 
of  the  Wandering  Jew  in  folio  wood 
engravings. 


6.  It  is  said  in  legend  that  GiPtiis  art 
doomed  to  be  everhsting  wanderers,  be- 
cause they  refused  the  Virgin  and  Child 
hospitality  in  their  flight  mto  Egypi.~ 
Aventinus,^)Ma/N(m.fi(>iortan,  ISbriteptem^ 
vii.  (1554). 

The  legend  of  the  WUd  Hantsman, 
called  by  Shakespeare  **Heme  the 
Hunter,*'  and  by  Father  Matthien  "St. 
Hubert,'*  is  said  to  be  a  Jew  who  would 
not  suffer  Jesus  to  drink  from  a  hone- 
trough,  but  pointed  out  to  Him  some 
water  in  a  hoof -print,  and  bade  Htm  go 
there  and  drink. — Knlm  tob  Scfawan, 
Nordd,  Sagen,  499. 

Jews  (The),  in  Dryden's  Absaicm  and 
Achitcphn,  means  those  English  who 
were  loyal  to  Charles  U.  called  "DaTid** 
in  the  satire  (1681-2). 

Jewkes  {Mrs*),  a  detestable  chancier 
in  Richardson's  Pamela  (1740). 

Jea'ebel  {A  Painted),  a  flaunting 
woman,  of  braaeen  face  but  loose  morals. 
80  called  from  Jezebel,  the  wife  of  Ahab 
king  of  Israel. 

Jiniy  the  boy  of  RefOBBld  Lowestoffe 
the  young  Templar. — Sir  W.  Scott,  For^ 
tunes  of  Nigel  (time,  James  I.). 

Jim  Crow,  the  name  of  a  popular 
comic  nigger  song,  brought  out  in  1S36  at 
the  Adelpni  Theatre,  and  popularised  by 
T.  D.  Rice.    The  burden  of  the  song  is : 

Wheel aboot.  and  tornabgutawidojaitw: 
And  ereiy  Ume  fou  wheel  about,  Jmnp  Jim  CKw. 

Jin  Vin,  i.e,  Jenkin  Vincent,  one  of 
Ramsay*s  apprentices,  in  love  with  Mar* 
garet  Ramsay. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Fortunes 
of  Nigel  (time,  James  1.). 

Jin'gle  {Alfred),  a  strolling  actor, 
who,  by  his  powers  of  amusing  and  sharp- 
wittedness,  imposes  for  a  time  on  the 
members  of  the  Pickwick  Club,  and  is 
admitted  to  their  intimacy ;  but  being 
found  to  be  an  impostor,  he  is  dropped  br 
them.  The  generosity  of  Mr.  Pickwick 
in  rescuing  Jingle  from  the  Fleet,  re- 
claims him,  and  he  quits  England.  Alfred 
Jingle  talks  most  rapidly  and  flippantly, 
but  not  without  much  native  shrewdness ; 
and  he  knows  a  **hawk  from  a  hand- 
saw.**—C.  Dickens,  The  Pickwick  Papers 
(1836). 

Jingo,  a  corruption  of  Jainko,  the 
Basque  Supreme  Being.  **  By  Jingo  ! " 
or  **  By  the  living  Jingo !  **  is  an  appeal 
to  deity.  Edward  I.  bad  Basoue  moun- 
taineers conveyed  to  Knglaml    to  take 


JINGOES. 


4»6 


JOBLINQ. 


ftfi  in  hii  Webh  wan,  Mid  the  Plan- 
tagcnets  hold  the  Basqae  provinces  in 
pottesiion*  This  Baaqne  oath  is  a  land- 
nark  of  these  &ct8. 

Jingoes  (The)^  the  anti-Russians  in 

the  war  between  Rnssia  and   Turkey; 

hcDoethe  English  war  party.    The  term 

arose  (1878)  from  a  popular  music-hall 

long,  beginning  thus : 

Vc  ten  «Mt  to  Isbt :  boi  %f  Jbwk  If  «•  do. 

W«^  frt  tM  iMpa.  ««r«a  got  Ik*  omo,  wi^rt  |ot  th* 


(This  son^  has  also  furnished  the 
woids  ^imjoitm  ^brag^ng  war  spirit, 
fiobadilism)  and  m  adjective  ytfi</o.) 

^niwin  (Jfrs.),  a  widow^  the  mother 
of  Mrs.  Qui! p.  A  shrewd,  ill-tempered 
old  woman,  who  lived  with  her  son-in- 
law  in  Tower  Street.— €.  Dickens,  The 
Old  Curiomty  Shop  (1840). 

Jinker  {LkuUnamt  Jamie),  horse- 
dealer  at  Doune.— Sir  W.Scott,  Wmerley 
(time,  George  II.). 

Jinn^  plu.  of  Jinnee,  a  sort  of  fairy 
in  Arabian  mythology,  the  offspring  of 
fire.  The  jinn  propagate  their  suecies  like 
hmnan  beiings,  and  are  governed  bv  kio^ 
called  suleymans.  Their  chief  abode  is 
the  mountain  K&f,  and  they  appear  to 
men  under  the  forms  of  serpents,  dogs, 
cats,  etc.,  which  become  invisible  at 
pleasure.  Evil  jinn  are  hideously  ugly, 
bot  good  jinn  are  exquisitely  beautiful. 

*^  Jinnistan  means  the  country  of 
the  jinn.  The  connection  of  Solomon 
with  the  jinn  is  a  mere  blunder,  aruing 
from  the  siiuilarity  of  suleyman  and 
Solomon. 

J.  J.,  in  Hogarth's  "Gin  Une,*" 
written  on  a  gibbet,  is  sir  Joseph  Jekyll, 
obnoxious  for  his  bill  for  increasing  the 
doty  on  gin. 

%*  Jean  Jacques  [Rousseau]  was 
often  referred  to  by  these  initials  in  the 
eighteenth  century. 

Jo,  a  poor  little  outcast,  living  in  one 
of  the  back  slums  of  London,  called 
*^Tom  AU-alone's."  The  little  human 
waif  is  hounded  about  from  place  to  place, 
till  he  dies  of  want.— C  Dickens,  hleak 
Boute  (1858). 

Joan*  Oomweirs  wife  was  always 
called  Joan  by  the  cavaliers,  although 
her  real  name  was  Elizabeth. 

Joan,  princess  of  France,  affianced  to 
the  duk«  of  Orleans.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
QtKnim  Durward  (time,  Edward  lY.). 


Joan  of  Arc,  sumamed  La  PucelU^ 
bom  in  a  village  upon  the  marches  of 
Barre,  called  Domremy,  nearVaucouleurs. 
Her  father  was  James  of  Arc.  and  her 
mother  Isabel,  poor  country-folk,  who 
brought  up  tiieir  child  to  keep  their 
cattle.  Joan  professed  to  be  inspired  to 
liberate  France  from  the  English,  and 
actually  raised  the  siege  of  Orleans,  after 
which  CSiarles  II.  was  crowned  (1402> 
1481). 


AywMnwtpcfcofaadaht— iwy— wold;  ottmnmr^wmi 
ihacionnfd  IlkeioBMi.  at  ptnan  rtrooglto  nuwte  and  umaU», 
of  eouraff  giwa.  iHUdk  aad  atoat  wlUiaU  ...  As  had 
■TMU  ■wnhlancti  oT  dMrtUto  bath  at  body  aad  bahavlour. 
— Hdlwriiad.  CkrniUolm.  SM  (liTT). 

.  .  .  thara  vai  no  bloom  of  jooUi 
VnoBkarefaaak:  yat  iMd  tba  kMrallad  booa 
*  or  haahh.  wlUi  laawr  ftwdiiatton.  Siad 
Tha  awm^  f ;  tor  wan  Um  maiden  was. 
or  mlnUjr  psianaa,  and  Uiara  aaaiaad  to  dwdl. 
In  Um  atnmg  haawtlat  of  bar  eountonanoa, 
ino(«Mlblf. 
Seothay.  Jmm  ^  Jra  OTM). 


*«*  Schiller  has  a  tragedy  on  the  sub* 
ject,yttikj[/rautH>nOr/<Nii»(1801);  Soumet 
another,  Jeanne  cTArc  (1825).  Besides 
Southey*s  epic,  we  have  one  by  Fran^ais 
Czaneaux ;  another  by  Chapelain,  called 
La  Pttoelie  (1656),  on  which  Le  laboured 
for  thirty  years.  (}assiinir  Delavigne 
has  an  admirable  el^^  on  The  Maid 
(1816),  and  Voltaire  a  burlesque. 

Joanna,  the  "  deserted  daughter  "  of 
Mr.  Mordent.  Her  father  abandoned  her 
in  order  to  marry  lady  Anne,  and  his 
money-broker  placed  her  under  the 
charge  of  Mrs.  Enfield,  who  kept  a  house 
of  intrigue.  Cheveril  fell  in  love  with 
Joanna,  and  described  her  as  having 
**  blue  eyes,  auburn  hair,  aquiline  nose, 
ivory  teeth,  carnation  lips,  a  ravishing 
mouth,  enchanting  neck,  a  form  divine, 
and  the  face  of  an  angel." — Holcroft,  The 
Deserted  Daughter  (altered  into  The 
Steward), 

Job  and  Slspat,  father  and  mother 
of  sergeant  Houghton.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
WaverTey  (time,  (leorge  II.). 

Job's  Wifb.  Some  call  her  Rahmat, 
daughter  of  Rphraim  son  of  Joseph ;  and 
others  call  her  Makhir,  daughter  of  Ma- 
nasses. — Sale,  Kordn,  xxi.  note. 

Joblilliea  (The),  the  small  gentry 

of  a  village,  the  squire  being  the  Grand 

Panjandrum. 

Thare  wera  piaaent  Um  Ptenlnnlca.  and  tita  Joblflllaa. 
and  Uia  QaiyiiUet.  and  Uw  Ormnd  Paajandnim  UniMtL— 
B.  Foola,  Tk«  qmmrUrtp  MmUm,  net.  81S-7. 

Joblins,  medical  officer  to  the  '*  Anglo- 
Bengalee  Company.*'  Mr.  Jobling  was  a 
portentous   and  most  carefully  dressed 


JOBSON. 


49€ 


JOHV. 


^entieman,  fond  of  a  good  dioiier,  and 
■aid  by  aU  to  be**  foil  of  anecdote.**  He 
was  far  too  shrewd  to  be  concerned  with 
tiie  Anglo-Bengalee  babble  company, 
except  as  a  paid  fnnctionary.  —  C. 
Dickens,  Martin  Chuxzlewii  (1S44). 

Jobaon  (Joteph)^  clerk  to  squire 
Inglewood  the  magistrate.  —  Sir  W. 
Scott,  Bob  Hoy  (time,  Qeoige  I.)* 

Jobaon  {Zekel)^  a  very  masterful  cobbler, 
who  mled  his  wife  witli  a  rod  of  iron. 

Ntil  JobaoHy  wile  of  Zekel,  a  patient, 
meek,  sweet-tempered  woman. — C.Coff^, 
The  DenU  to  Pay  (died  1745). 

Jock  o'  Dawston  Clenfffa.  ihe 

quarrelsome  neighbour  of  DanSe  Din- 
moRt,  of  Charlie^  Hope. 

Jock  Jabos,  postilion  to  Mrs.  M*Cand- 
lish  the  landlady  of  the  Golden  Anns 
inn,  Kippletringan. 

Slou$ujiny  Jock^  one  of  the  men  of 
M^GuiTog  the  jailer.— Sir  W.  Scott,  6vy 
Mannering  (time,  George  II.)« 

Jock  o*  Haaeldean,  the  young 
man  beloved  by  a  **  ladyefkir."  The  lady's 
father  wanted  her  to  marry  Frank,  **  flie 
chief  of  Errington  and  laird  of  Lang- 
ley  Dale,**  rich,  brare,  and  gallant :  but 
**aye  she  let  the  tears  down  fa^  for 
Jock  of  Hazeidean."  At  length  the  wed- 
ding mom  arrived,  the  Iuk  was  gailv 
decked,  the  priest  and  brid^room,  with 
dame  and  knight  were  duly  assembled ; 
but  no  bride  could  be  seen :  she  had  crossed 
the  border  and  givep  her  hand  to  Jock  of 
Ilazeldean. 

This  ballad,  by  sir  W.  Scott,  U  a 
modernized  version  of  an  ancient  ballad 
entitled  Jookc?  Uazelgreen, 

Jockey  of  Norfolk,  sir  John 
Howard,  a  firm  adherent  of  Richard  III. 
On  the  night  before  the  battle  of  Bos- 
worth  Field,  he  found  in  bis  tent  this 
warning  couplet : 

Jockfl*  of  Norfolk,  b*  not  too  boU. 

fW  IMuw.  tkr  MMlcr.  to  koushi  aiWI  mU. 

Jodelet,  valet  of  Dn  Croisy.  In 
order  to  ruorm  two  silly  girls,  whose 
heads  have  been  turned  by  novels,  Du 
Croisy  and  his  friend  La  Gnmge  get  their 
lackeys  introduced  to  them,  as  the  **  vis- 
count of  Jodelet "  and  the  ^  marquis  of 
Mascarille."  The  girls  are  delighted  with 
their  **  aristocratic  visitors ; "  but  when 
the  ^  game  has  gone  far  enough,  the 
masters  step  in  and  unmask  the  trick. 
The  two  girls  are  taught  a  most  useful 
lesson,   but  are  saved  tnm   serious  ill 


eonsequences. — M<4ii^rey    L$»   PrAdmmu 
lUdicuUs  (1659). 

Joe,  "the  fat  boy,"  ps£e  in  the 
family  of  Mr.  Wardle.  He  has  an  un- 
limited capacity  for  eating  and  sleeping. 
— C.  Diekena,  I%e  Pickwick  Pcg^ers  (ll86>. 

Joe  Gargery^asmith.  Hewasafair 
man,  with  curls  of  flaxen  hidr  on  each 
side  of  his  smooth  face,  and  with  eyes  of 
**s«ch  very  undectdea  bloe.  that  tln^ 
seemed  to  have  got  mixed  with  their  own 
whites.  He  was  a  mild,  good-natored, 
sweet-tempered,  easy-^ingf  foolish,  dear 
fellow.  A  Herenlgs  m  strength,  and  ia 
weakness  also."  He  lived  in  terror  of  his 
wife;  bat  loved  Pip,  whom  he  broogfat 
ujp.  His  jpeat  word  was  "  meantersay." 
llius :  **  What  I  meantersay,  if  ron  come 
a-badgering  me,  come  out.  Which  I 
meantersay  as  sech,  if  yon*re  a  man,  come 
on.  Which  I  meantersay  that  what  I  sav  1 
meaotersay  and  stand  to  it"  (ch.  xviii.). 
His  first  wife  was  a  shiew;  bat  aooa 
after  her  death  he  married  Biddy,  a  young 
woman  wholly  suited  to  him. 

J/rs.  Joe  Gargcry,  the  smith's  ftnt  wife ; 
a  ** rampageous  woman,**  always  "on 
the  ram-page.**  By  no  means  good-look- 
ing was  Mrs.  Joe,  with  her  blaek  hair. 
and  fierce  eyes,  and  prevailing  redness  of 
skin,  looking  as  if  ^  she  scrubbed  herself 
with  a  nutroeg-mter  instead  of  soap  and 
flannel.**  She  "was  tall  and  bony,  vr^ 
wore  a  coarse  apron  fastened  over  her 
figure  behind  with  two  loops,  and  having 
a  SQuare  bib  in  front,  stuck  full  of 
needles  and  pins.**  She  brought  up  Pic^ 
but  made  his  home  as  wretdied  as  she 
could,  always  keeping  a  rod  called  "Tick- 
ler **  ready  for  immediate  use.  Mrs. 
Joe  was  a  very  clean  woraaa,  and  deanU- 
ness  is  next  te  godliness ;  but  Mrs.  Joe 
had  the  art  of  making  her  cleanlioese  aa 
disagreeable  to  eveiy  one  as  manj'  people 
do  their  godllnesa.  She  died  after  a  \^g 
illne8s.~-C.  Dickens,  OretU  £xpeGkdiim$ 
(1860). 

John,  a  provo-bially  unhappy  naoM 
for  royalty.— See  DicUonaty  of  Pkram 
and  Fable,  461. 

WcahaB  am.  howvw.  tti^  Ihk  pMr  Mi^flMin  //.] 
rBBiainod  m  unfortanjil*  m  if  hb  luaM  had  itill  hnn 
John  [U0  changed  U  from  John  to  M»Urt\.-^k  W. 
Bootc  ratmnfitOrmm^fatlttr,  L 17. 

John,  a  Frandsean  friar. — Shakespeare 
Borneo  and  Juliei  (1598). 

John^  the  bastard  brother  of  don  Pedro. 
— Shakespeare  Mtich  Ado  abcut  Jfot/Umg 
(1600). 


Jokm,  the  drirer  of  ihe  Qiieen*s  Ferry 
diligwce.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Tk§  Antiquary 
(tune,  George  III.)« 

John  (Don)^  brother  of  Leonato  pyvemor 
of  Mewina,  whom  he  hates.  In  order 
to  tonncnt  the  goreniOT,  don  John  tries 
to  mar  the  happinese  of  his  daughter 
Hero,  who  ia  about  to  be  married  to 
lord  CUudio.  Don  John  tells  Claudio 
that  his  jEaao^e  has  promised  him  a  ren- 
dezToos  hj  moonlight,  and  if  Claudio 
will  hide  in  the  garden  he  may  witness  it. 
The  TiUain  had  bribed  the  waiting-woman 
of  Hero  to  dress  up  in  her  mistresses 
clothes  and  to  give  him  this  interview. 
Qaodio  believes  the  womao  to  be  Hero, 
lad  when  the  bride  appears  at  the  altar 
next  morning  he  rejects  her  with  scorn. 
The  tmth,  however,  cooaes  to  light ;  don 
John  takes  himself  to  flight ;  and  Hero 
it  BMiried  to  ksd  GUodio,  the  man  of  her 
tkmrr.    Shaktspcaw,    Jftio4  Ado  about 


JOHK. 


Mba*  taa 


OTTH 


-  aD4  hii   " 


Mn  {Friar),  a  tall,  lean,  wide-mouthed, 
Isog-Bosed  friar  of  Smile,  who  despatched 
his  matina  and  vigils  quicker  than  any  of 
his  fraternity.  He  swore  like  a  trooper. 
and  fought  like  a  Trojan.  When  the 
srny  from  Lem^  pillaged  tho  convent 
TiiMTaid,  friar  John  seized  the  staff  of  a 
cross  and  pummelled  the  rogues  without 
iMfcy,  beating  out  brains,  smashing 
liabs,  cracking  ribs,  gashing  faces, 
hwahiii^  j*ws,  dislocating  j<^^  in  the 
■oit  approved  Christian  laahion,  and 
■evirwaa  oomao  iwnled  by  the  flail  as 
vol  these  pillagert  by  "  the  baton  of  the 
cnMs.'*--R«belais,  Owyantua,  1.27(1533). 

\*  Of  course,  this  is  a  satire  oz  what 
in  called  Christian  or  religious  wars. 

Mm  {Kmg)^  a  tragedy  by  Shakespeare 
(1506).  This  drama  is  founded  on  JTte 
Firtt  ami  Stoomd  ParU  of  ihe  TroubU- 
tami  Maigne  of  John  King  o/En^iandy  etc. 
A*  thfg  wert  $undry  tiine9  pubiwkly  acted 
h§  tht  QM£ene$  Idnestiea  ptayers  in  the 
MmmnMe  Citie  ^  tondon  (15»1). 

WolKjr,''  "Oorfcitanw.' 

Xmm*.  17S7-48SJ  MW 
oftb«r 


W.  CL 


ru»-um  l»  Am  ysM  «iMi  iM 
at  *  Arthur.-   «w 

of  dMtk  bf  pOfaOB  ««• 


•^JTjiMf    Johan,   a  drama   of  the 
teimion  sbUe  between  the  molalities  and 


tragedy.  Of  the  historical  persons  intro- 
duced we  have  king  John,  pope  Innocent, 
cardinal  Pandulphus,  Stephen  Langton, 
etc. ;  and  of  allegorical  personages  we  nave 
Widowed  Britannia,  Iwperiiu  Majesty, 
Nobility,  Clerj^,  Civil  Order,  Treason, 
Verity,  and  Sedition.  This  play  was 
published  in  1838  by  the  Camden  Society, 
under  the  care  of  Mr.  Collier  (about 
1550). 

John  {Little),  one  of  the  companions  of 
Robin  Uood.~Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Talie- 
man  (time,  Richard  I.). 

John  {Preeter),  Aocording  to  Mande- 
ville,  Piester  John  was  a  linew  descendant 
of  Ogier  the  Dane.  This  Ogier  penetrated 
into  the  north  of  1  ndia  with  fifteen  banms  of 
his  own  country,  among  whom  he  divided 
the  land.  John  was  made  sovereign  oi 
Tenedue,  and  was  called  Preeter  because 
he  converted  the  natives. 

Another  tradition  says  he  had  seventy 
hin^  for  his  vassals,  and  was  seen  by  his 
snbiects  onlv  three  times  a  year. 

Maico  polo  says  that  Prester  John  was 
the  khan  Ung,  who  was  slain  in  battle  by 
Jenghiz  Khan,  in  1202.  He  was  converted 
1^  tJoe  Nestorians,  and  his  baptismal  name 
was  John.  Gr^pory  Bar-Hebneua,  says 
that  God  forsook  him  because  1m  had 
taken  to  himself  a  wife  of  the  Zinish 
nation,  called  Quamkbata. 

Otto  of  Freisingen  is  the  first  author 
who  makes  mention  of  Pre^r  John. 
His  chronicle  is  broni^t  down  to  the 
year  1156,  and  in  it  we  are  assured  that 
this  most  mysterious  personi^e  was  of 
the  family  of  the  Magi,  and  ruled  over  the 
country  of  these  Wise  Men.  **  He  used** 
(according  to  Otto)  **a  sceptre  made  of 
emeralds.^ 

Bishop  Jordftnus,  in  his  description  of 
the  world,  sets  down  Abyssinia  as  the 
kingdom  ot  Prester  John.  At  one  time 
Abyssinia  went  by  tho  name  of  Middle 
India. 

Maimonidds  mentions  Prester  John, 
and  calls  him  Preste-Cuan.  The  date  of 
Maimonidds  u  1135-1204. 

•«•  Before  1241  a  letter  was  addressed 
by  Prester  John  to  Manuel  Comne'nus, 
emperor  of  Onstantinople.  It  is  to  be 
found  in  the  Chronicle  or  Albericns  Trium 
Fontium,  who  gives  the  date  as  1165. 

In  Ariosto*s  Orlando  fiwioso.  xviL. 
Prester  John  is  called  Sena'pus  king  of 
Ethiopia.  He  was  blind.  Though  the 
richest  monarch  of  the  world,  he  pined 
**in  plenty  with  endless  famine,"  because 
harpies  carried  off  his  food  whenever  tht 

Sr 


JOHN. 


498 


JOHNNY  CRAPAUD. 


table  wms  spread ;  but  this  plagnc  was  to 
cease  **wheii  a  stranger  caiiM  to  his 
kingdom  on  a  flying  none.*'  Astolpho 
came  on  a  flying  griflin,  and  with  his 
magic  hom  chased  the  harpies  into 
Cocy'tus. 

John  (Prince),  son  of  Henrv  II.,  intro- 
duced by  sir  W.  Scott  in  TAe  Betrothed 
(1826). 

John  (Prince),  brother  of  Richard  I., 
introduced  by  sir  W.  Scott  in  The 
Talisman  (1825). 

John  and  the  abbot  of  Canter- 
bury. King  Johr«,  being  jealous  of  the 
state  kept  by  the  abbot  of  Canterbury, 
declared  he  should  be  put  to  death  unless 
he  answered  these  three  questions:  (1) 
**  How  much  am  I  worth?  (2)  how  long 
would  it  take  me  to  ride  round  the  world  ? 
and  (8)  what  are  my  thoughts?"  The 
king  gave  the  abbot  three  weeks  for  his 
answers.  A  shepherd  undertook  to  dis- 
guise himself  as  the  abbot,  and  to  answer 
Uie  questions.  To  the  first  be  said,  "  The 
king's  worth  is  twenty-nine  pence,  for 
the  Saviour  Himself  was  sold  for  thirty 
pence,  and  his  majesty  is  mayhap  a 
penny  worse  than  He."    To  the  second 

auestion  he  answered,  "  If  you  rise  with 
he  sun  and  ride  with  the  sun,  you  will 
get  round  the  world  in  twenty-four 
hours."  To  the  third  question  he  re- 
plied, ''Tour  majesty  thmks  me  to  be 
the  abbot,  but  1  am  only  his  servant.** 
—Percy,  Beliquee,  II.  iii.  6. 

John  Blunt,  a  person  who  prides 
himself  on  his  brusqucneas,  and  in  speak- 
ing unpleasant  truths  in  the  rudest  manner 
possible.  He  not  only  calls  a  spade  a 
spade,  but  he  does  it  in  an  offensive  tone 
and  manner. 

John  Bully  the  national  name  for 
an  Englishman.     (See  Bull.) 

John  Chinaman,  a  Chinese. 

John  Company,  the  old  East  India 

Company. 

In  oM  XhoM,  John  Oompany  anployad  nairljr  4000  nMn 
In  wmboMM.— 0/4  mnd  Htw  Lomdon,  U.  18B. 

John  Grueby.  the  honest,  faithful 

servant    of   lord    George    Gordon,   M'ho 

wished  '*  the  blessed  old  creetur,  named 

Bloody  Mar>%  had  never  been  bom."    He 

had  the  habit  of  lookiug  **a  long  way 

oi¥."    John  loved  his  master,  but  hated 

his  religious  craze. 

**  BotwMa  Moo«1jr  Mmy*.  mmI  blue  tockmSm,  and  ^ 
riatai  quaeti  Bmwm,  and  no  popem,  aitd  nolMtsDt  tmo- 
daUous."  mid  Gniaby  to  hlniaslf.  "  1  believe  n»  \at€% 
hirif  off  bb  IMML"— INclMM.  AMnaAy  itM4««.  tsxA. 


John  of  Bruges  (l  syl.),  John  van 
Eyck,  the  Flemish  painter  (1370- 1441). 

John  o*  Groat,  a  Dutchman,  who 
settled  in  the  most  northerly  part  of 
Scotland  in  the  reign  of  James  IV.  He 
is  immortalized  by  the  way  he  settled  an 
open  dispute  among  his  nine  sons  re- 
specting precedency.  He  had  nine  doors 
made  to  his  cottage,  one  for  each  Bcm, 
and  they  sat  at  a  round  table. 

From  John  o*  Groafs  house  to  the  Land's 
End,  from  furthest  north  to  furthest  south 
of  the  island,  t.e.  through  its  entire 
length. 

John  of  Hexham,  Johannes  Hagus- 
taldensis,  a  chronicler  (twelfth  century). 

John  ofJLeyden,  John  Bockhold  or 
Boccold,  a  ftma^c  (1510^1686). 

In  the  opera,  he  is  called  **  the  proph^** 
Being  about  to  marry  Bertha,  three 
anabaptists  meet  him,  and  observe  in 
him  a  strong  likeness  to  a  picture  of 
David  in  Munster  CathcdraL  Having 
induced  him  to  join  the  rel>els,  they  take 
Munster,  and  crown  hi'A  **  Ruler  of 
Westphalia."  His  motber  meets  him 
while  he  is  going  in  p!t>ce8S)on,  bat  h« 
disowns  her ;  subsequently,  however,  he 
visits  her  in  prison,  and  is  forgiven. 
When  the  emperor  arrives,  the  ana« 
baptists  foil  off,  and  John,  setting  fire  to 
the  banquet-room  of  tiie  palace,  perishes 
with  his  mother  in  the  names. — Meyer> 
beer,  Le  Prophete  (1849). 

John  with  the  Iieaden  Sword. 
The  duke  of  Bedford,  who  acted  as  resent 
for  Henry  YI.  in  France,  was  so  culed 
by  earl  Douglas  (sumamed  Tine-^nan), 

Johnnr,  the  infant  son  of  Mrs.  Bettjr 
Higden^s*^*  daughter's  daughter.**  Ura. 
Boflin  wished  to  adopt  the  child,  and  to 
call  him  John  Harmon,  but  it  died. 
During  its  illness,  Bella  Wilfer  went  to 
see  it,  and  the  cliild  murmured,  **  Who  ia 
the  hoofer  lady?**  The  sick  child  was 
placed  in  the  Children's  Hospital,  and, 
just  at  the  moment  of  death,  gave  his 
toys  to  a  little  boy  with  a  broken  1^  in 
an  adjoining  bed,  and  sent  "a  kiss  to  the 
boofer  lady.*'— <X  Dickens,  Our  Mutual 
friend  (1864). 

Johnnv  Crapaud.  A  Frenohman 
was  so  called  by  ^glish  sailors  in  the 
time  of  Napoleon  I.  The  Flemings 
called  the  French  "Crapaud  Franchos.** 
The  allusion  is  to  the  toads  borne  in  tfa« 
ancient  arms  of  France. 


JOHNSON. 


499 


JORDAN. 


JbhnBOn     (ZV.     Samuel),     lexico- 
gnplier,  esMyiat,  and  poet  (1709-1784). 


IBksDMJfl 


laaladbtli'l 


i*«  tufgU  itrle. 

iportwwtof  aoiBtt 
CHU»9lwmamnmwaap»4ami  iiraon4. 
1^  nfa*  «  itami*  daby  fhMn  th*  ground; 
PpfltetUdBbof Haraihi    fonrlwrtt 
lb  cradb  •  battor^  or  brain  «  gnat ; 
GtaBMi  a  wfabrlwlnd  frnn  tha  aarth.  to  draw 
A  fooMli  iaaibir  or  ault  a  Mraw ; 

Tb  baa>«  a  oocUa^hell  apoa  tba  sbon. 
illkt  la  even  Umow  bl»  pompoot  art, 
BawaBlavnl  ihandoror  anmibllMrcart. 

Ttm  Pindar  (Dr.  John  WokoC}  aSUK 

Johnstone  (Auid  WiUie)^  an  old 
fahfnnan,  father  to  Pef^y  the  laundry- 
Buid  at  Woodburne. 

foMW  JokMstorCt  his  son. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  wtjf  Mannermg  (time,  Creorge  II.). 

JohnBtone's  Tippet  ( A.)» «  halter. 

Jolifb  (2  ttf/.).  f ootnum  to  lady  Pen- 
feather.— Sir  W.  ScAtt,  St.  Bonan'i  WeU 
(time,  Geoi^  III.). 

Jo^e  (Joeelme),  mider-keeper  of 
Woodstock  Forest.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Wood- 
Hock  (tiiae,  Commonwealth). 

Joliqoet  {^B9»),  the  garotm  of  the 
White  Lion  inn,  held  by  Jerome  Le- 
■Drqoes  (2  jy/.).— Edwaid  Stirling,  The 
Comrier  of  Lyotu  (1862). 

JoUup  {Sir  Jacoh)f  father  of  Mrs. 
JcfTf  Sneak  and  Mrs.  Brain.  JoUnp 
is  the  vulgar  pomposo  landlord  of  Gar- 
ntt,  who  insists  on  being  always  ad- 
dresaed  as  '*  sir  Jacob.** 

^9.  Amm.dtt. 

air  J.  -8h>l' 
Malt  b  tbaft  all  raw  ■ 
dibM  aa  knlitoi.  nr  yoa  ta  aaka  im  a 
991^  t%m Mmaar  ^  Omrmtt,  L  I (176^. 

Jolter.  In  the  agony  of  terror,  on 
hcann^  the  direction  given  to  pat  on  the 
hesd-ligfats  in  a  storm  off  Oalais,  Smol- 
lett tells  OS  that  Jolter  went  through  the 
steps  of  a  maUiematical  proposition  with 
groit  f erroor  instead  of  a  prayer. 

Jonas,  the  name  given,  in  Abaalom  and 
Athitopktlj  to  sir  William  Jones,  judge 
of  the  Irish  court  of  Common  Pleas  under 
James  I.  It  is  a  pun  on  the  name. — Dry- 
den,  Ah^aiom  ana  AekitopKel,  i.  (1681). 

Jonathan,  a  sleek  old  widower.  He 
WIS  a  parish  orphan,  whom  sir  Benjamin 
Dove  apprenticed,  and  then  took  into  his 
family.  When  Jonathan  married,  the 
knight  gave  him  a  farm  rent  free  and 
well  stocked.  On  the  death  of  his  wife, 
he  gave  up  the  farm,  and  entered  the 
kni^fs  service  as  butler.  Under  the 
evil  influence  of  lady  Dove,  this  old 
serrant  was  inclined  to  neglect  his  kind 
master;  but  sir  Benjamin  soon  showed 
him  that,  although  the  lady  was  allowed 


i"rfr  Jaoob,«yoQ 
Haa  bla 


to  peck  him.  the  servants  were  not. — R. 
(Cumberland,  The  Brothers  (1769). 

Jon'athan,  one  of  the  servants  of 
g<meral  Harrison. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Wood- 
ttook  (time,  Commonwealth). 

Jan'athatk,  an  attendant  on  lord  Saville. 
—Sir  W.  Scott,  Peveril  of  the  Peak  (time, 
Charles  II.). 

Jonathan  (Brother),  a  national  nick- 
name for  an  American  of  the  United 
States.  In  the  Revolutionary  war, 
Washington  used  to  consult  his  friend 
Jonathan  Trumbull,  governor  of  Con- 
necticut, in  all  his  difficulties.  "  We 
must  ask  brother  Jonathan,"  was  so  often 
on  his  lips,  that  the  phrase  became  sv- 
nonymous  with  the  good  ffenins  of  the 
States,  and  was  subs^uentTy  applied  to 
the  North  Americans  generally. 

Jonathan's,  a  noted  coffee-house  in 
*C3iange  AUey,  described  in  The  Tatler 
as  the  **  general  mart  for  stock-jobbers.** 
What  is  now  termed  **The  Royal  Stock 
Exchange  **  was  at  one  time  called 
*'Jonathan*s.** 


Yiatardar  tha  biokan  and  othan  .  .  .  ea«a  to  a  mno* 
tatkw  tbat  [th»  MM  b*Mdime\  faMtaad  of  bains  called 
"New  Jonatban't,**  abould  be  called  ''Tbe  Stuck  Kx- 
dtange."  Tbe  broken  than  eoDected  eUiMnee  each,  and 
ehrliUiMd  tha  booHL— ireaMB«i>er  |iarufra>A  iJuljr  llw 
177S). 

Jones  (7bm),  the  hero  of  a  novel  by 
Fielding,  called  The  History  of  Tom  Jone$^ 
a  Fomdlmg  (1749).  Tom  Jones  is  a 
model  of  generositv,  openness,  and  manly 
spirit,  mingled  witn  tnonghtless  dissipa- 
tion. With  all  this,  he  is  not  to  be 
admired ;  his  reputation  is  flawed,  he 
sponges  for  a  guinea,  ho  cannot  pay  his 
landlady,  and  he  lets  out  his  honour  to 
hire. 

The  romanee  of  Turn  Jitm,  that  oaqnltlta  pletnre  of 
fannan  mannan.  win  oatlhra  tha  palace  of  Uae  Kacorial 
and  tha  hnperial  easla  of  Auetrla.— Gibbon. 

To  fern  Jomm  b  added  the  charm  of  a  plot  of  nn> 
rtralled  MSk,  in  wideh  tha  eomplax  Utreadt  of  Intereet 
ai«  ail  brought  to  hear  upon  tba  caiaetrophe  la  a  manner 

faaOx    onexpectad    and    ilmple.— JftMye.  BrU.,  ArL 


Jomt  (ifr5.),  the  waiting-woman  of 
lady  Penfeather.- Sir  W.  Scott,  St, 
Bonan'a  Well  (time,  Creoige  III.). 

Jonson  (Ben),  the  poet,  introduced 
by  sir  Walter  Scott  in  his  Woodstock, 
Shakespeare  is  introduced  in  the  same 
novel. 

Jopson  (t/aoo6),  fanner  at  the  village 
near  Clifton. 

Cicely  Jopson,  Jacob*s  daughter.  She 
marries  Ned  Williams. — Sir  W.  Scolt, 
Waverley  (time,  George  II.). 

Jordan  (i^****))  ^^  actress,  who  lived 


JORKINS. 


6M 


J068B. 


with  the  duke  of  darance,  was  Misi 
Dorothea  Bland.  She  called  herself 
Doim,  first  appeared  in  York  as  Miss 
Francis,  and  coanged  her  name  at  the 
request  of  an  aunt  who  left  her  a  little 
proper^.  When  the  change  of  name 
was  debated  between  her  and  the  man- 
ager, Tate  suggested  '*Mrs.  Jordan,'* 
and  gave  this  very  pertinent  reason : 

"  You  hmff  rrotmi  the  water,"  mid  Ikte,  "  to  IH  eafl 
Toa'JocdM."' 

Jorkins,  the  partner  of  Mr.  Snenlow, 
in  Doctors'  Commons.  Mr.  Jorxins  is 
reall;^  a  retiring,  soft-hearted  man,  but 
to  cuents  he  is  referred  to  by  Spenlow 
as  the  stem  martinet,  whose  consent 
will  be  most  diflScuIt  to  obtain. — C. 
Dickens,  David  Copperfieid  (1849). 

Jorworth  •  ap  *  Jevan,  envoy  of 
Gwenwyn  prince  of  Powys-land. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Tkg  Betrothed  (time,  Henry  II.). 

Josaphaty  a  young  Indian  prince,  oi 
whom  it  had  been  predicted  that  be 
would  embrace  Christianity  and  become 
a  devotee.  His  father  tried  to  seclude 
him  from  all  knowledge  of  misery  and 
eril,  and  to  attach  him  only  to  pleasur- 
able pursuits.  At  length  the  younff 
prince  took  three  drives,  m  one  of  whi<m 
ne  saw  Old  Age,  in  another  Sickness, 
and  in  the  third  Death.  This  had  such 
an  effect  upon  him  thai  he  became  a 
hermit,  and  at  death  was  nanonised  botti 
by  the  Eastern  and  Western  Chnrohea.-^ 
Johannes  Damascenos,  Balaam  amd  Jtmk' 
phat  (eighth  century). 

Josoeline  (^r),  an  English  knight 
and  crusader  in  the  army  of  Richara  I. 
—Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Ibiisman  (time, 
Richard  I.). 

Jos^  (Am),  ftither  of  don  Juan, 
and  husband  of  donna  Inez,  tie  was 
hen-pecked  and  worried  to  death  by 
his  wife's  **  proprieties."  To  the  world 
they  were  "models  of  respectability," 
but  at  home  thev  were  "cat  and  dog." 
Donna  Inez  tried  to  prove  him  mad,  in 
order  to  obtain  a  divorce,  and  *'  kept  a 
jou.-nal  where  all  his  faults  were  noted." 
**She  witnessed  his  agonies  with  gieat 
magnanimity;"  but,  while  seeking  a 
divorce,  don  Josrf  died. — Hyron,  Ikm 
Juan,  i.  26,  83  (1819). 

Joseph,  the  old  gardener  at  Shaw's 
CasUe.--Sir  W.  Scott,  St.  Mona»*9  Welt 
(time,  George  HI.). 

Joseph,  a  Jew  of  the  nobleat  type; 
with  unbounded  benevolence  and  most 
excellent  charity.    He  sets  a  splendid 


example  of  *^ (Christian  ethics"  to  those 
who  aespised  him  for  not  believing  the 
**  Christian  creed."  Joseph  the  Jew  was 
the  good  friend  of  the  Christian  minister 
of  Mariendorpt.— S.  Knowlet,  Tfte  Maid 
of  Mariendorpt  (1888). 

Joseph  (A)f  a  joong  man  not  to  be 
seduced  from  his  continency  by  anr 
temptation.  The  reference  is  to  Joaepli 
in  Potiphar's  house  {Gen,  xnxix.), 

• 

Joseph  (St,)  of  Arimathe'a,  said  to 
have  brought  to  Glastonbnry  in  a  mystic 
vessel  some  of  the  blood  which  tridded 
from  the  wounds  of  Christ  at  the  Crocl* 
fixion,  and  some  of  the  wine  left  at  the 
Last  Supper.  This  vessel  plays  a  reiy 
prominent  part  in  tiie  Aithmiaii  legeods. 

]C«tt  beljr  4om9b  cmm  .  .  . 

TiM  tevloar  of  uMuikind  in  M|NtIdwe  tlHt  Wd ; 

n»t  to  the  Britotw  vag  Ml*  aHwlto.    la  MiM 

BL  Davtui.  and  with  bim  8^  Fa 

HUachobuv. 


*«*  He  also  brought  with  him  the 
spear  of  LongTnu^,  ttie  Roman  soldier 
who  pierced  the  side  of  Jemu. — Sir  T. 
Malory,  History  oi  Phmee  AHMtr,  L  40 
(1470). 

%*  The  "  mystie  ressel  **  brought  by 
Joseph  is  sonetimea  called  the  San  Graal ; 
but  by  referring  to  the  word  Graal,  it 
will  be  teen  that  the  usual  meaning  of 
the  term  in  Arthurimi  romance  is  very 
different. 

JoB'epbine  (3  syL),  wife  of  Wemar, 
and  mother  of  Ulric  Josephine  was  the 
daughter  of  a  deee3r«d  Italian  exile  ef 
noble  blood. — Byron,  Werner  (1823). 

Joslan*  daughter  of  the  king  of  Ar- 
menia, and  wife  of  sir  Bevis  of  South- 
ampton. It  waa  Josian  who  gave  the 
hero  his  sword  **  Moiglay  "  and  ais  steed 
'*ArundeL"— Drayton,  Folyolbiimf  it 
(1612). 

Joase  (1  «y/.),  a  jeweller.  Lnoinde 
(2  <y/.),  the  dan^ter  ef  Sganarelle,  pined 
and  fell  away,  and  the  anxious  father 
asked  his  nei^ehboars  what  they  would 
advise  him  to  do.    Mon,  Josse  replied : 

**  9«m  onl.  It  tfaM  aya  la  bravwW,  qw  fawtamwit 
MHadioMqnir^oidt  M^ua  lea  flUaa ;  ac  drMoM  <caa 
daToaa,ia  hit  adUtafoli  Aa  aiQwirfbiil  mm  Mb  flsr. 
■ttaro  do  dfauMMta.  mi  da  raMik  on  tf( 


Sgnarelle  made  answer: 

**Voaa  «t«a  oHhff,  Manriaar  J(nm;  al' 
aaatiaa  lininiBi  aiiUaiwIada  aaddfalrada  aa 
dta«.'*-MoUifa.  tAmtomr  MUielm,  L  1  {Um. 

V<m$  etss  orfevre^  Man,  Josse  (**Toa 
are  a  jeweller.  Men,  Joese,  and  are  not 
disinterested  in  year  advice  **}•  (Sea 
aboveO 


JOTHAM. 


6M 


JUAK« 


Jotliain«thepenoa  who  utteved  tbe 
fuakUt  ot  **  TheTRea  chooeinK  a  King,** 
vba  the  men  of  Shecbem  mmde  Abine- 
kck  kinff.  In  Dryden's  Absalom  amd 
AAdo^hUj  it  stands  for  George  Sarille) 


Jo\ 


hf  rai*w«.  aaA  bjr  Iwrnlng  tai 
...  — rmJthe  h 

^1mI0»  m4  ilAi!Svl<  I.  (MttV 

Joor  dee  Molts  M^Sbv^i>ay).  A 
Diepftoite  l^endexpUiiM  thef  hmse  Uuui 

M  teaBMt  t  b  fcrte.  a  r<mp  ea—  denial  Jeter  k  r^oj 

isaiipUalMiVBl  ftMt  frtaoiuMr  cwflB  In  nooBMlt 
c'M  k  Ti4i  4m  oavtas  qui  ont  mrnmaalk  iaa»  trnxuhn.— 

Jour  kins  of  Mambrant,  the 
person  who  carried  off  Joslan  the  wife  of 
nr  Bevis  of  Sonth*mptoii,  his  sword 
"HfligUy,**  and  his  steed  "Ar'nndeL** 
Sir  Beris*  disguised  at  a  pilerim,  re- 
coTcred  all  three. — Drayton,  Folyotfrion, 
n.  (1613). 

Jonrdain  (l/bat.),  an  elderly  trades» 
■•a,  who  has  ftnddenjy  fallen  into  a  Urge 
foftene,  and  wiahoi  to  educate  himself  np 
to  his  new  position  in  society,  fie  em- 
pbrs  masters  of  dancing,  fencing,  philo- 
iof7,  and  so  on;  and  the  fan  of  the 
drama  tarns  cm  the  ridiculous  remarks 
that  he  makes,  and  the  awkward  figure 
he  cuts  as  the  pupil  of  these  professors. 
Dm  remark  is  especially  notea :  he  says 
he  had  been  talking  prose  all  his  life,  and 
never  knew  it  till  his  professor  told  him. 
^Mob^  Le  Bomwois  GentUhomme 
(1670). 

Journalists.    Napoleon  I.  said  t 

A  JowhHiI  !■•  mmblar.  m  eaomtw,  a  ghrtr  of  advlM. 
•KVMtor  tOTvMWM.*  Mar  of  BatfOM.  Pov  iKNlila 
awwpwa  an   mam  lonnUaUa    tkaa    a  tliiMial 

JoTlan,  emperor  of  Kome,  was  bath- 
iag  one  day,  when  a  person  stc4e  has 
cMhes  and  pasKd  himself  off  as  tLe 
impttor.  Jcmatif  naked  and  ashamed, 
u«at  to  a  knight,  said  he  was  emperor, 
awl  begged  tlw  loan  of  a  few  garments 
for  the  nonce ;  hut  the  kingfat  called  him 
IS  inpoftor,  and  bad  him  soourged  from 
the  ci^  He  next  went  to  a  duke,  who 
VBs  has  diicf  ministar ;  bni  the  duke  had 
kia  eonftned,  and  fed  on  bread  and  water 
is  a  Tsgrant  and  a  madman.  He  then 
■pplied  at  the  palace,  but  no  one  reeog- 
Mzed  htm  there.  Lastly,  he  went  to  his 
emfessor,  and  humbled  himself,  confess- 
ing bis  sins.  The  priest  took  htm  to  the 
(atsce,  and  tiie  sham  emperor  proved  to 
m  so  angd  sent  to  reform  the  proud 
His  story  says  tfast  Jorian 


theneeforth  ceigned  with  mercy  and  jus- 
tice, till  he  died.— JE^twMVS  with  the  Old 
8t«ty-4elhrs. 

Joyenae  (2  rjL)^  Charlemagne's 
sWord,  which  bore  the  inscription :  Decern 
prcrceptorum  custos  Carfll-M.  It  was 
Duried  with  the  kin^,  as  Tizo'na  (the 
Cid*s  sword)  was  bunwl  with  the  Cid. 

Jojeuse-Oards  or  Oarde-Jo« 
yeuse,  the  estate  given  bv  king  Arthur 
to  sir  Launcelot  du  Lac  for  deft^ding 
the  '{ueen's  honour  against  sir  Mador. 
Here  sir  Launcelot  was  ouried. 

Joyous  Isle,  the  place  to  whidi  sir 
Launcelot  letifed  during  his  fit  of  mad- 
ness, which  lasted  two  yearsk 

Juan  (Am),  a  hero  of  the  sixteenth 
century,  a  natural  son  of  (Carles-quint, 
bom  at  Ratisbonne,  in  1545.  He  con- 
quered the  Moors  of  Grana'da,  woo  a 
gieai  naval  victory  over  the  Turks  at 
Lepanto,  made  himself  master  of  Tunis, 
and  put  down  the  insurgents  of  the 
Netherlands  (1546-1578). 

This  is  the  don  Juan  of  C  Delavign<*s 
drama  entitled  Don  Jmm  d'Amtah§ 
(1886)« 

Juan  (Dc9i)i  son  of  don  Louis  Tenorio, 
of  SicilVj  a  heartlcjs  rou^.  Uis  valet 
says  of  him : 

**  Tb  rob  an  dop  Jaaa  la  phM  gtand  artMfat  ^y  k  terra 
all  Jf****  poftti  m  ania^i  on  chkn,  vi  iMmhia,  ui 


Ttec«aMMtl4vaqoliMwQltnl«tel.BlaaAa.  >l  tfkUa 

yd  paita  ettta  rk  ea  vMtahk  Mt«  briHa.  un  piiurcca« 
KfHccca.  an  vimi  Sardanapak;  qaiktatarordlk  a  tonfai 
Vm  mnonlnuieai  <|U*  on  lul  pmit  Calre.  altnita  <k  bilk- 

i.  1  (ISK). 

Juan  ip<^)i  &  native  of  Seville,  son  of 
don  Jos4  and  donna  Inea  (a  blue-stock-^ 
ing).  When  Juan  was  16  years  old,  he 
g<^  into  trouble  with  donna  Julia,  and 
iras  sent  by  bis  mother  (then  a  widow) 
on  his  travels.  His  adventures  form  the 
story  of  a  poem  so  called  ;  but  the  tale  is 
left  incomplete. — Lord  Byron,  Don  Jtum 
(181»-31). 

Juan  (Am),  or  don  Giovanni,  the  prince 
of  libertines.  Toe  original  of  this  cha- 
racter was  don  Juan  Tenorio^  of  Seville, 
who  attempted  the  seduction  of  the 
governor's  daughter;  and  the  father, 
forcing  the  libertine  to  a  duel,  fell.  A 
statue  of  the  murdered  father  was  erected 
in  the  family  vault ;  and  one  day,  wheu 
don  Juan  forced  bis  way  into  the  vault, 
he  im'ited  the  statue  to  a  banquet.  The 
statue  accordingly  placed  itself  at  the 
board,  to  the  amaseraeot  of  the  host,  and, 
compelling  the  libertine  to  follow,  de- 


JUAN  FERNANDEZ. 


502 


JUEL. 


livered  him  over  to  devils,  who  carried 
him  off  triumphant. 

Dramatized  first  bv  Gabriel  Tellez 
(1626).  Molibre  (1665)  and  Thomas 
ComeiHe,  in  Le  Festin  de  Pierre^  both 
imitated  from  the  Spanish  (1673),  have 
made  it  the  subject  of  French  comedies ; 
(roldoni  (1765),  of  an  Italian  comedy ; 
Glack,  of  a  musical  ballet  (1765) ;  Mozart, 
of  an  opera  called  Dan  QiowmyU  (1787),  a 
princely  work. 

Juan  Femandes,  a  rocky  island  in 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  near  the  coast  of 
Chili.  Here  Alexander  Selkirk,  a  buc- 
caneer, resided  in  solitude  for  four^ears. 
Defoe  is  supposed  to  have  based  his  tale 
of  Robinson  Crusoe  on  the  history  of 
Alexander  Selkirk. 

*^*  Defoe  places  the  island  of  his  hero 
"on  the  cast  coast  of  South  America," 
somewhere  near  Dutch  Guiana. 

Juba,  prince  of  Nnmidia,  wmnnly 
attached  to  Cato  while  he  lived  at  Utica 
(in  Africa),  and  passionately  5n  love  with 
Marcia,  (jato*s  daughter.  Scmpro'nius, 
having  disguised  himself  as  Juba,  was 
mistaken  for  the  Nnmidian  prince  by 
Marcia;  and  beinff  slain,  she  gave  free 
vent  to  her  grief,  thus  betraying  the  state 
of  her  affection.  Juba  overheard  her,  and 
as  it  would  have  been  mere  prudery  to 
deny  her  love  after  this  display,  she 
freely  confessed  it,  and  Juba  took  her  as 
his  betrothed  and  future  wife.— >f.  Addi- 
son, Cato  (1718). 

Jubal,   son  of  Lamech   and   Adah. 

The   inventor  of  the  lyre  and  flute. — 

Otiu  iv.  19-21. 

Tben  whM  Im  tJuvan]  hmrd  the  Toie*  of  JubaTk  ift% 
IiMtinctlva  geaiui  CMight  Um  etharMl  flra. 
J.  Montgofuety.  Th0  tTmrU  h^or*  On  ritod,  L  <1823). 

Judas,  in  pt.  ii.  of  Absalom  and  Achi- 
topheff  most  of  which  was  written  by  Tate, 
is  meant  for  Mr.  Furgueson,  a  noncon- 
formist, who  joined  the  duke  of  Mon- 
mouth, and  afterwards  betrayed  him. 

Stian  Uiat  bJm  HefanHilte  OMape  our  oin»— 
Juda^  Uiat  kM|M  lb*  nbtU  peiuion-piine; 
Judu,  that  pnyt  the  tNMoa-wrilcr't  fee ; 
Judas,  that  well  doaonret  hb  namnake't  treaf 

^tMlMM  cMMl  A^atophtl,  IL  (ISn). 

Judas  Colour.  In  the  old  mys- 
tery-plays, Judas  had  hair  and  beard  of  a 
fiery  rod  colour. 

I«t  the<r  baaidi  ba  Jnda^a  own  eoloQr. 

TbomaM  K^d,  r*«  ^futiM  Trag«dg  (UB7). 

Judas  Isoariot.  Klopstock  says 
tlwt  Judas  Iscariot  had  a  heart  formed 
for  every  virtue,  and  was  in  youUi  un- 
polluted by  crime,    insomuch   that  the 


Messiah  thought  him  worthy  of 
one  of  the  twelve.  He,  however.  <••• 
jealous  of  John,  because  Jesus  lovea  him 
more  than  He  loved  the  rest  of  the 
apostles;  and  this  hatred  towards  the 
beloved  disciple  made  him  hate  the  lover 
of  **the  beloved.'*  Judas  also  feared 
(says  Klopstock)  that  John  would  have 
a  higher  post  than  himself  in  the  king- 
dom, ana  pcriiaps  be  made  treasurer. 
The  poet  tells  us  that  Judas  betrayed 
Jesus  under  the  expectation  that  it  would 
drive  Him  to  establish  His  kingdom  al 
once,  and  rouse  Him  into  action. — Klop- 
stock, The  Messiah,  iu.  (1748). 

Judas  Tree,  a  gallows. 

*«*  The  garden  shrub  called  the  Judas 
tree  is  a  mere  blunder  for  kuamos  tregf 
i.e,  the  bean  tree  ;  but  the  corrupt  name 
has  given  rise  to  the  legend  that  Jndaa 
hanged  himself  on  one  of  these  trees. 

Judi  {Al)y  the  moantam  on  -whAtSk 
the  ark  rested.  The  word  is  a  comiption 
of  Al  KitrdUf  so  called  because  it  was 
inhabited  by  the  Kurds.  The  Greeks 
corrupted  the  name  into  (Jordya&i,  and 
the  mountain  was  often  called  the  Gor- 
dyaean. 

Tha  afk  raatad  oo  tha  moutala  Al  JndL— Jl  Xariifc 

Judith,  a  beautiful  Jewess  of  Bethn - 
lia,  who  assassinated  Holofem^  the 
general  of  Nebuchadnezzar,  to  save  her 
native  town.  When  Judith  showed  the 
head  of  the  general  to  her  countiymen, 
they  rushed  on  the  invading  army,  aad 
put  it  to  a  complete  iont.---Judiih  vii^ 
x.-xv. 

Judith  (Aunt),  sister  to  Master  George 
Heriot  the  king's  goldsmith.  —  Sir  W. 
Scott,  Fortunes  of  Iligel  (time,  James  I.). 

Judy,  the  wife  of  Punch.  Master 
Punch,  annoyed  by  the  cries  of  the  baby, 
gives  it  a  knock,  which  kills  it,  and,  to 
ccMioeal  his  crime  from  his  wife,  throws 
the  dead  body  out  of  the  window.  Judr 
comes  to  inquire  about  the  child,  an^ 
hearing  of  its  death,  upbraids  her  lord 
stoutly,  and  tries  on  him  the  "  reproof  of 
blows."  This  leads  to  a  quarrel,  m  whidi 
Jud:^  is  killed,  llie  officers  of  justice, 
coming  to  arrest  the  domestic  tyrant, 
meet  the  same  fate  as  his  child  and  wife ; 
but  at  last  the  devil  outwits  him,  he  ia 
hanged,  and  carried  off  to  the  place  of  all 
evil-doers. 

Juel  (Aj/s),  a  celebrated  Danish 
admiral,  who  received  kis  iraining 


JULETTA. 


508 


JULIE. 


Tionp  and  De  Rnyter.    He  defeiUed  the 
Swedes  in  1677  in  sevtunl  engagemente* 

XOt  Jwtgiw  hMd  to  Uw  tmmpmt't  roar  .  .  . 
'^'•^''  ^.  ^ 

Julefta,  the  witty,  sprightly  attend- 
ant of  Alinda. — Deanmont  and  Fletcher, 
The  Pilgrim  (1621). 

Jlllia»  a  lady  beloved  by  Protheus. 
Her  waiting-woman  is  Lncetta. — Shake- 
^ware,  Two  Gentlemen  of  Verona  (1694). 

Jid\a^  the  "ward**  of  Master  Walter 
**  the  honchback.'*  She  was  broo^t  np 
by  him  most  carefully  in  the  country, 
•ad  at  a  nuuriageablc  age  was  betrothed 
to  lir  Thomas  Clifford.  Being  brought  to 
London,  she  was  carried  awav  in  the 
Toitex  of  fashion,  and  became  the  votary 
of  nlcasnre  and  dissipation,  abandon^ 
Cliffoffd,  and  promised  to  marry  the  earl 
of  Rochdale.  As  the  wedding  day  drew 
ai^  her  love  for  Clifford  returned,  and 
ike  implored  her  guardian  to  break  off 
htr  promise  of  marriage  to  the  earL 
Walter  now  showed  himself  to  be  the 
red  a^  of  Rochdale,  and  father  of  Julia. 
Her  nuptials  with  the  supposed  earl  fell 
t»  die  ground,  and  die  became  the  wife  of 
Mr  Thomas  Clifford.~S.  Knowles,  Tht 
AtneMac*  (1881). 

A7ia   {D(mna\   a   lady    of  Sev'iUe, 

ef  Moorish    origin,  a  married   woman, 

"ehsmung,  chute,  and  twenty-three.** 

Her  eye  was  large  and  dark,  her  hair 

glnesyi  her  brow  smooth,  her  cheek  '*  all 

porpl'e  with  the  beam  of   youth,*'  her 

oonMod  50,  and  his  name  Alfonso.   Donna 

Joha  loved  a  lad  of  16,  named  don  Juan, 

'^  not  wisely  but  too  well,**  for  which  she 

was  eonfined  in  a  convent. — Byron,  Doik 

Jmm,  i.  59-188  (1819). 

tnt  poMBMlng  ntHbm  lafor- 
SoodT  princlpiw  to 


wsriMth*  eonaoet  doom  Jidfai  b  an  Ulmtntlon  «f  Um 
«Mw«f8«rfll«,  "vlMwmhMli  have  but  Ofwh««ik  Mid 
«ha«  Mb  bariMH  Is  IntrlfiiML*     Tbe  da«»  of  evwr 


Intrigaei' 
.  ikm  wnr  |i««ciBtM  iMnelf  b«fora  ih*  altw  ot 
ftt  Vkghi.  naklng   Um  BoblMt  «Am  "  for  hoiMir, 
r'a  mJn,"  atad  then,  "la  Um  Ml 


riw  iMka  tHaptotion,  and  tads 


Julia  MQlvUle,  a  T/ard  of  si  r  Anthony 
Absolute;  in  love  with  Faulkland,  who 
KTcd  her  life  when  she  was  thrown  into 
fl»  water  by  the  upsetting  of  a  boat. — 
Sheridan,  T%e  Rivals  (1775). 

Julian  {Count),  a  powerful  lord  of 
tibe  Spanidi  Goths.  When  his  daughter 
Florinda  was  violated  by  king  Roderick, 
the  count  was  so  indignant  Uiat  he 
invited  over  the  Moors  to  come  and  push 
Roderick   from    the    throne,    and    even 


'  turned  ren^ule  the  better  to  effect  his 
purpose.  Tne  Moors  succeeded,  but 
condemned  count  Julian  to  death,  **to 
punish  treachery,  and  prevent  worse  iU.** 
Julian,  before  he  died,  sent  for  **  father 
Maccabee,**  and  said : 

Iwonldflda 
Dto  fat  Um  fUtb  vlwnlii  ar  firthcn  dM. 
I  leal  that  I  haw  alnnad.  and  rrom  my  toal 
B«aoaiie«  the  luMtar't  Mlh,  whkh  In  mjt  nol 
Ifoplaea  obtaioM. 

Soother.  JMUrldt,  «te^  air.  (1814). 

Julian  (Si,)^  patron  saint  of  hospit- 
ality.   An  epicure,  a  man  of  hospitality. 

An  hooaohaldcr  and  that  a  grtt  wm  he ; 
Seliit  Jnlian  he  wae  In  hie  eoontrA. 
Obaueer.  intrmlmetUn  to  OmtUtrtuTM  Tmlm  (UM). 

Julian  St.  Pierre,  the  brother  of 
Mariana  (q,v.),—Q,  Knowles,  I7te  Wife 
(1888). 

Juliana,  eldest  daughter  of  Bal- 
thaza.  A  proud,  arrogant,  overbearing 
*'  Katharine,"  who  marries  the  duke  of 
Aranza,  and  intends  to  be  lady  para- 
mount. The  duke  takes  her  to  a  poor 
hut,  which  he  calls  his  home,  gives  her 
the  household  duties  to  perform,  and 
pretends  to  be  a  day  Uoourer.  She 
chafes  for  ft  time ;  btit  his  manliness, 
affection,  and  firmness  get  the  masteir  ; 
and  when  he  sees  that  uie  loves  him  for 
himself,  he  announces  the  fact  that  after 
all  he  is  the  duke  and  she  the  duchess  of 
Aranza. — J.Tobin,  7i^^on«:^mooii(1804). 

Julianoe,  a  giant.— Sir  1*.  Malory, 
History  of  Prinoe  Arthur,  L  98  (1470). 

Julie  (2  syl.),  the  heroine  of  Moli^*a 
comedy  entitled  Mons.  de  Powroeaugnac 
(1669). 

Ju'lie  {2  syL),  the  heroine  of  J.  J. 
Rousseau  s  novel  entitled  Julie  on  la 
Nouselle  H€Udse  (1760).  The  proto^pe 
was  the  comtesse  d'Houdetot.  Jidie  had 
a  pale  complexion,  a  graceful  figure,  a 
profusion  of  light  brown  hair,  and  her 
near-sightedneat  gave  her  **a  charming 
mixture  of  gaucwrie  and  grace.'*  EUw- 
seau  went  every  morning  to  meet  her, 
that  he  might  receive  from  her  that  single 
kiss  with  which  Frenchwomen  salute  a 
friend.  One  day,  when  Rousseau  told  her 
that  she  might  innocently  love  others 
bceides  her  husband,  she  naively  replied, 
*'Je  pourrais  done  aimer  mon  pauvre 
St.  Lambert.**  Lord  Byron  has  made  her 
familiar  to  English  readers. 


Hb  kure  «u  paarion'e 
Thii  braUhed  itwlf  to  life  b  Jniie  :  Uils 
Inverted  her  whh  all  that'e  wild  and  nreec; 
Thb  haUoired,  too.  the  nMmoraMe  kto 
Which  ffrei7  inom  hb  fevered  Up  would  greet 
rraoi  her*!,  who  but  with  (rlenddilp  hb  woidd 

Byron,  Okitd*  amrvU,  UL 1900% 


JXJLIB  DE  VORTEMAR. 


bOi 


JUST. 


Julie  de  Mortetnar,  an  orplniii, 
ward  of  Richelieu,  and  loved  by  kin^  bonis 
XIII.,  ccHtnt  Baradas,  and  Adnen  de 
Mauprat,  the  last  of  whom  rite  married. 
After  many  hair-breadth  escapes  and 
many  a  heart-ache,  the  king  allowed  \h% 
union  and  blessed  the  happy  pair. — Lord 
Lytton,  SieMie*  (1839). 

Juliet,  daughter  of  lady  Cap'ulet  of 
Verona,  in  love  with  Ro'meo  son  of 
Mon'tague  (3  syi.),  a  rival  honse.  As 
the  parents  could  not  be  brought  to 
sanction  thealliance,  the  whole  intercourse 
was  clandestine.  In  order  that  Juliet 
might  get  f^m  the  house  and  meet 
Romeo  at  the  cell  of  friar  Laurence,  she 
took  a  sleeping  draught,  and  was  carried 
to  the  family  vaulL  The  intention  was 
that  on  waking  she  should  repair  to  the 
cell  and  get  married  ^  but  Romeo,  seeing 
her  in  the  vault,  killed  himself   from 

Srief ;  and  when  Juliet  woke  and  found 
omeo  dead,  she  killed  herself  also. — 
Shakespeare,  Borneo  and  Jnliet  (1598). 

C.  H.  Wilson  says  of  Mrs.  Badaeley 
(1742-1780)  that  her"*  Juliet*  was  never 
surpassed."  W.  Donaldson,  in  his  Eecoi- 
l€ction$,  says  tiiat  '*  Miss  0*NeUl  made  her 
first  appearance  in  Covent  Garden  Theatre 
in  1815  as  *  Juliet,*  and  never  was  such 
an  impression  made  before  by  any  actress 
whatdoever.**  Miss  Fanny  Kemble  and 
Miss  Helen  Faucit  were  both  excellent  in 
the  saoM  character.  The  youngest  Juliet 
was  Miss  Rosa  Ktoiney  (under  18),  who 
made  her  <ktnU  in  this  character  at  t)rury 
Lane  In  1879. 

The  4oAtfng  fombMn  mat  dBy  p«e«ii)inMi  of  the  nune 
tends  Itk]  to  relieve  Um  aoft  and  ■ffecUooete  obaractor  of 
"  Juliet,"  and  lo  ptace  her  beTora  Uie  widleaoe  is  e  point 
of  view  which  Oioae  who  have  nen  Mte  O'Neill  perform 
"Juliet"  kaov  how  to  eppreototi.    Bk  W.  Seott,  nk« 


Jnlietf  the  ladv  belo\^  by  Claudio 
brother  of  Isabella. — Shakespeare,  Mea- 
sure fot  Measure  (1603). 

Julio,  a  noUe  (^tleman,  in  love  with 
Leila  a  wanton  widow. — Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  The  Capiain  (1618). 

Julio  of  Harancotir,  ^the  deaf 
and  dumb"  boy^  ward  of  Darlemont, 
who  gets  possession  of  Julio^s  inherit- 
ance, and  abandons  him  in  the  streets  of 
Paris.  Julio  is  rescued  by  the  abb<$  De 
TGp^  who  brings  him  up,  and  gives  him 
the  name  of  Theodore.  Julio  grows  up 
a  noble-minded  and  intelligent  young 
man,  is  recognized  by  the  Fraoviu 
family,  and  Darlemont  confesses  that 
"the  deaf  and  dumb"  boy  is  t^e  count 
of  Uarancour.— Th.  Holcfoft,  2%e  Deaf 
and  Dumb  (1786). 


Julius  (St.),  a  BriU^  martyr  «f 
Caefleon  or  the  City  of  Legions  {Newporu 
in  South  Wales).  He  was  torn  limb 
from  limb  by  Maximia'nns  Herculius, 
general  of  the  armr  of  Diocle'tian  in 
Britain.  Two  churches  were  founded  in 
the  Qty  of  Legions,  one  in  honour  of  St. 
Julius,  and  one  in  honour  of  St.  Aanm 
his  fellow-martyr. 


. . .  two  other 
fit  Juttat.  and 
AtOulaoa. 


aeakd  thoir  dodrine  with  «Mlr  hbodt 
him  St.  Aaroa,  have  their  rrtatk 
death  hy  IMoeletfaM/i  doom. 
Ur^^toa.  folgvlbUn.  uiv.  (18t1|. 


Jumps    (Jemmy),   in    The   Fu 
One  of  tne  fitmous  puts  of  Joa.  S.  Ma»* 
dea  (1758-1832). 

June  ( Tke  Ohrious  First  of)  was  June, 
1794,  when  lord  Howe  gained  a  great 
Wctory  over  the  Frendi. 

Junkerthum,  Gennaa  iqnireardiy. 
(From  juHker^  "a  young  moblaiBaat"  our 

yoiuiAfr.) 

Juno*8  BiMs.  Juno  Is  represented 
in  works  of  art  as  drawn  through  fields 
of  air  by  a  pair  of  peacocks  harnessed  to 
her  chariot. 

Jupe  (Siffmsr),  dowa  in  81eaty*s 
circus,  passionately  attached  to  hit  daugh- 
ter Cecilia.  Si^or  Jupe  leaves  tfaa  cireas 
suddenly,  because  he  is  hissed,  and  is 
never  heard  of  more. 

Cecilia  Jupe,  daughter  of  the  down. 
After  the  mysterious  disappearance  of 
her  father,  she  is  adopted  and  educated 
b>'  Thomas  Gradgrind,  Esq.,  H.P.— C. 
Dickens,  Hard  Times  (18M). 

Just  (The), 

ABtsTi'Dfts,  the  Athenian  (died  s.c. 
4/iS). 

BVnARAM,  called  Swh  sndeh  <<«th6 
just  king").  He  was  the  fifth  of  tte 
Sassan'id6s  (27&-296). 

CAS8IMIE  IL  of  Poland  (1117,  1177* 
1194). 

Ferdinand  I.  of  Aragon  (1373, 1413- 
1416). 

HAllOlTN-AL-RA8GHtD("Ue^ttS(**),  tha 

greatest  of  the  Abbasside  caliphs  (7^, 
786-808). 

James  IL  of  Aragon  (1361,  1285- 
1327).      ^  •*       V      M 

KHOSR0  or  Chosroes  I.,  called  by  the 
Arabs i/o^iba/^(2r^/(«*the  just  king'').  He 
was  the  twenty-first  of  the  SassMudds 
(*,  631-579). 

MoRAN,  counsellor  of  Feredach  an 
carlv  king  of  Ireland. 

Pbdbo  I.  of  Portugal  (1820,  1807- 
1367). 


JaTtmal  (TV  SuglM),  John  (Nd- 
bui  [ItS3-l«8S). 

J*"!*™!  (IS*  Fmiij}.  [Dr.]  ThomM 
Lodge  u  »  oiled  bj  Robert  Green  {i5S&- 
16Jj).— ^  Groaf jworth  of  Wit.  ^Al 
riU  a  jrjfioi  0/  Jtcfmlanai. 

Jn'TSUftl  of  PaintarB  (^4, 
ffim™  Hogutli  (1697-1794). 

J>  mis  et  fr  rMta  ("  Hen  am 


Ipl 


«  I  n 


.-). 


Kail,  ■  prince  of  Ad,  i«nt  to  Mecca  to 
pray  for  min.  Threa  clonda  uppenred, 
B  white  uoc,  >  red  one,  lud  ■  bUck  one, 
■nJ  Kail  wu  bidden  to  make  hii  cboice. 
He  chose  tbe  last,  but  irben  ^e  cioud 
-J  «.»  :>  ^.^  ""^li^htninir, 


Kail'yBl  (s  Jj'-),  tl 


Tel;  and.  half 


KSf  (Jfonl),  a  monntaiD  endreling 
Ike  rtale  (vtb,  laid  to  be  a  huge  talile- 
lud  which  walla  in  the  earth  aa  a  ring 
eaeircle.  one'a  flni^er.  It  ii  tJie  home  t* 
fjmalM  and  &irias,  jinn,  peril,  and  deevg, 
ad  mta  on  the  ticrtd  stnoe  called  SiiMi- 
al.    It  ii  tally  described  in  the  romance 


daui^hter  of  LadnrUd,  perucut«l  r»- 
leatlculj  by  Ar'valan ;  bat  virtne  and 
chaatitv,  hi  the  perann  of  Kailyal,  alwaya 
triumphed  over  din  and  lurt.  When 
Arralan  "  in  the  fleih '  attempted  lb 
dithononr  Kulyal,  he  irai  eliua  by  La- 
duriad;  but  be  Chen  conUnued  hiaatlaek* 
"ont  ot  (he  flseb."  Thui,  when  Kmiljal 
Has  taken  to  the  Bower  of  llliu  by  a 
benevolent  epirit,  Arvalan  borrowed  Uw 
dragon-car  of  the  witch  Loi'rimite  (3 
tv'O  to  dni)r  him  thence ;   the  dnf^na, 

in  a  iwion  of  thick^nbfoed 
Ksilj'al,   being  oblit^ed   to 

)Hit  the  Bower,  waa  made  the  bnde  of 
aga-iunC,  and  when  ArvaLui  preaented 
himself  before  her  again,  ibe  set  tin 
Co  the  pagoda,  aod  WBi  carried  from  tha 
Bamea  by  her  father,  who  waa  charmed 
from  Are  aa  well  as  water.     Lutly,  wbile 

^._   .  ._  had  gone 

to  release  Ereen'U  (3  lyl.),  Arvaian  once 
more  appeared,  but  was  seiied  by  Baly, 
the  goyemor  of  hell,  and  cast  into  the 
bottomless  pit.  Havingdeacendedtohell, 
Kailyal  ijuaffod  thcwnler  of  immortality, 
and  wax  taken  bv  Ereania  to  fail  Bower 
of  Blias,  (o  dwell  with  him  tot  ever  in 
endless  joy.^^ntbey,  Curae  0/  Kihama 
(1809). 

iniL-^ir  W.'Seol^ 


Fran  Kef  to  Kdf,  from  one  < 
et  tfe«  earth  to  tbe  otfaer,    Th< 


Bed3<»^ 


a  (time,  George  HI.). 


.laJaa'rado  (B  ijiJ.),  tho  rirtnoM 
wife  of  Sadak,  persecuted  by  the  sultan 
Am'drath.  {Sec  Sadaii.)— RiiUey,  IWea 
of  the  G™.,  li.  (1761). 

Ketled,  Gnlnare  (2  Hj/U)  di^uiawd  as 


KALEMBERG. 


506 


KATMIR. 


a  paj^  in  the  service  of  lArm.  After 
Lar»  19  shot,  she  hatmts  the  spot  of  his 
U^ath  as  a  crazed  woman,  and  dies  at 
length  of  a  broken  heart. 

Light  WM  kU  form.  »nd  dvklr  dMrnim 
That  tirow  wbneon  Mm  nmthr«  ann  had  Ml*  .  .  • 
And  Um  wild  tpurUe  of  Mi  tr«  Mentsd  caofht 
Prunt  high,  and  liKbtaiMd  wf th  electric  thought } 
Tho'  Ita  black  orb  thow  long  low  fauhoir  frincs 
Bad  tcopered  with  a  mdaitcholy  ttoga. 

hyno,  £ani(1814|L 

Kalemben^  ( The  cur^  of),  a  recmil 
of  facetiai.  The  escapades  of  a  yoong 
student  made  a  chapUm  in  the  Anstrian 
court.  He  sets  at  defiance  and  torments 
every  one  he  encounters,  and  ends  in 
being  court  fool  to  Otho  the  Gay,  grand- 
son of  Rudolf  of  Hapsburg. — German 
Poem  (fifteenth  century). 

Kaayb,  "the  Lady  of  the  Woods," 
who  stole  St.  George  from  his  nurse, 
brought  him  up  as  her  own  child,  and 
endowed  him  with  gifts.  St.  Geoi^e 
enclosed  her  in  a  rock,  where  she  was 
torn  to  pieces  by  spirits. — Johnson,  Seven 
Champions  of  Qiriatendom,  i.  (1617). 

KH'ma,  the  HundQ  god  of  love.  He 
rides  on  a  sparrow,  the  symbol  of  Inst ; 
holds  in  his  hand  a  bow  of  stigar-cane 
strung  with  bees ;  and  has  five  arrows, 
one  for  each  of  the  five  senses. 

Kariin,  son  of  Teshar  or  Izhar,  uncle 
of  Moses,  uie  most  beautiful  and  wealthy 
of  all  the  Israelites. 

Hiohes  of  Aanin,  an  Arabic  and  Jewish 
proverb.  The  Jews  say  that  Karfin  had 
a  large  palace,  tiie  doors  of  which  were  of 
solid  gold.— Sale's  Koran,  xxviii. 

*«*  This  Karfin  is  the  Korah  of  the 
pentateuch. 

Kashan  (Scorpions  of),  Kasban,  in 
Persia,  is  noted  for  its  scorpions,  which 
are  both  large  and  venomous.  A  common 
curse  in  Persia  is.  May  you  be  stvmg  by  a 
scorpion  of  Kashan  I 

Kate  [PlowdknI,  niece  of  colonel 
Howard  of  New  York,  in  love  with 
lieutenant  Barnstable  of  the  British 
navy^  but  promised  by  the  colonel  in 
marriage  to  captain  Boronghcliff,  a 
vulgar,  conceited  Yankee.  Ultimately, 
it  IS  discovered  that  Barnstable  is  the 
colonel's  son,  and  the  marriage  is 
arranged  amicnblv  between  Barnstable 
and  Kate.— E.  Fitzball,  The  PUot, 

Kathari'na,  the  elder  daughter  of 
Baptista  of  Padua.  She  was  of  such  an 
ungovernable  spirit  and  fiery  ten) per, 
that  she  was  nicknamed  "The  Shrew."  As 


it  was  very  unlikely  any  gentleman  would 
select  such  a  spitfire  for  his  wife,  Baptista 
made  a  vow  that  his  younger  daughter 
Bianca  should  not  be  allowed  to  marry 
before  her  sister.  Petnichio  married 
Katharina  and  tamed  her  into  a  most 
submissive  wife,  insomuch  that  when 
she  visited  her  father  a  bet  was  made  by 
Petruchio  and  two  other  brid^rooms  on 
their  three  brides.  First  Luoendo  aent  a 
servant  to  Bianca  to  desire  her  to  come 
into  the  room ;  but  Bianca  sent  word  that 
she  was  busy.  Uortensio  next  sent  the 
servant  "  to  entreat "  his  bride  to  come  to 
him  ;  but  she  replied  that  Uortensio  had 
better  come  to  her  if  he  wanted  her. 
Petruchio  said  to  the  servant,  **  Tell  your 
mistress  I  command  her  to  come  to  me 
at  once ; "  she  came  at  once,  and  Petru- 
chio won  the  bet. — Shakespeare,  Taminff 
of  the  Shrew  {1694), 

Katharine,  a  lady  in  attendance  oa 
the  princess  of  France.  Dumain,  a  youn|^ 
lord  in  the  suite  of  Fenlinand  king  of 
Navarre,  asks  her  hand  in  marriage,  and 
she  replies : 

A  twclvMnontli  and  a  dajr 
ni  mark  no  words  that  ■oooCh-lheed  t 
Come  Uien  .  .  . 
And  if  I  have  modi  love,  II  giv*  jroa  i^ 

Shakofpeare.  Lor^t  Lakmu't  Utl  (UM). 

Katharine  (Chteen),  the  divorced  wife 
of  Henr\'  Vlll. — Shakespeare,  Henry 
VIJl.  (1601). 

The  following  actresses  are  celebrated 
for  their  impersonations  of  this  character : 
—Mrs.  Pritchaid  (1711-1768) ;  Margaret 
[Peg]  Wofllngton  (1718-1760);  Mrs. 
Siddons  (176&-1881)  ;  Mrs.  Bailey  (1786- 
1850). 

Katherine  de  Medici  of  China, 

Voo-chee,  ?ridow  pf  king  Tae-taong. 
She  was  most  imperious  and  cruel,  but 
her  eneigy  was  irresistible  (684-705). 

Katln'ka,  a  Georgian,  "white  and 
red,  with  great  blue  eyes,  a  lovely  hand 
and  arm,  and  feet  so  small  they  scarce 
seemed  made  to  tread,  but  rather  skim 
the  earth."  She  was  one  of  the  three 
beauties  of  the  harem,  into  which  don 
Juan  was  admitted  in  female  disguise. 
The  other  two  were  Lolah  and  Dudh. — 
Byron,  Don  Juan,  vi.  40,  41  (1824). 

Katmir',  the  dog  of  the  seven 
slopiiers.  It  spoke  with  a  human  voice, 
and  said  to  the  voung  men  who  wanubed 
to  drive  it  out  of  the  cave,  "  I  love  those 
who  love  God.  Go  to  sleep,  masters,  and 
I  will  keep  guard."  The  dog  kept  guard 
I   over  them  for  309  year^,  and   neither 


dtptnoT  ate.    At  dHth  il 


Ht  miMi't  gme  a  bane  tc  KahnSr,  or 
HimiUii-t  iiroB  a  bant  lo  Oe  dog  of  tilt 
■nn  ilmptrt,  an  Anbic  provcib,  applied 
I*  a  ritj  oigganlly  man. 

K«r  (Sr)j  MD  of  nr  Bctor,  and  foitcr- 
tntiui  of  pniKC  ArtfaoT,  who  made  bim 
im  NHKhal  M  Mewatd.  Sir  Kay  w» 
aUtapnad,  ncu-apirilsd,  twaatf  nt,  and 
■nrbotiiog.  He  had  not  atRnjcth  of 
~'-'' A  to  be  a  Tillain  like  Hat^eo, 


AoTdred ;  bnt  be 


uad^KiBffli  to 

sr  ttnagb  at 


fvrioiii  and  ipitefiil,  cooU  annoy  and 
iiritate.  Hi*  irit  conrialed  in  pfins 
nekuntt :  Thn*  he  called  young  GantB 
"BicHaoda  "  ( AmmiaHu),  "beciuuehia 
handi  wen  the  laxgtet  that  ever  any 
kndMea."    He  caSed  rirBninioT" 


aad  «u  faU  of  cvonl-ciita.— Bir  t. 
IlalMy,  Uiitay  of  Prmct  Arthur,  i.  8,  4, 
lai^  Me.  (1470).    (See  Ket.) 

Xaywvrl,  the  Bame  of  the  bare  in 
tbc  bcait-fliuc  of  Aryiunf  tin  Fox  (1498). 

KeblAl),  the  point  towarde  which 
Uohammcdana  tarn  their  facca  in  prayer. 


eu  flirt  with  other  men — Qfrhf  qj^  !- 
Im  high  ipirita — ngh^  ngh  1 — and  to 
hnwife — o^  n^I-^iappjaadeciiin] 
kOR  aboot — i^h,  n^  I — to  theatres  . 


1 1— and  enjoy  hefMlf— 
iVh,nt^I  Ob!  tbii  troobleBOme cnaab  I 
— 4icfa,  B^  I — Ganick,  Tlit  Iritk  Widoui 

Ee'daill,  the  St  Geone  ot  Moham- 
Dwdan  Bythology.  Ijlie  St.  GeDrf:e,  he 
■lew  a  mooatiDne  dragon  Ut  uve  a  domeel 
ttpoeed  to  ha  fary,  and,  bavin);  dmnk  of 
Ihe  water  of  life,  rode  through  the  worid 
to  aid  those  who  weiv  oppteued. 


Kaena  (AM),  a  (illan  achoolmeelet, 
attenrudt  a  merchaDt'i  iderk.  Being  led 
astray,  he  [oit  hii  place  and  banged 
bimaelf.— Crabbe,  Bomgh,  xiL  (1810), 

Keeperfl,  ot  Pien  Plowman'a  Tleioni, 
theUalvemHiUa.  Piera  Ploiman  (W. 
or  R.  lAngUnd,  136-.!)  mppoeea  himaeU 
fallen  aeleep  on  the  Ualrem  Hilla,  and 
in  his  dream  be  kci  variona  Tiiioo*  of 
illegorical  character  paaa  before  him. 
....  u .  ■^..  portly,  the 


whole  eoatainiai;  I 
into  twenty  parta,  e 
a  paaiai  or  leparate 


1,000  T 


Kah&'iiUL,  the  almigh^  rajah  of 
eaitb,  and  sU'powerful  in  Swerga  im 
heaTen.  After  a  long  nrrasBy,  ha  went 
to  Pan'dalon  (lull)  to  dain  domi       ' 


He  paid 


he  himself  muit  be  the  fourth. 
Do  heed  to  thiit  prnpbecy,  bat  con 
thBalnreota^:^po^d^•aJ^htof  iminortiility 
to  be  broDght  to  him,  tAat  he  mightqitaS 
it  and  reign  for  ever.  Now  there  are  two 
immortalitiee :  the  immortality  of  life  for 
the  good,  and  the  immortality  of  death 
for  the  witked.  When  Kehnma  drank 
the  amreeta,  be  drank  immortal  death, 
and  was  forced  to  bend  bia  prond  neck 
beneath  the  throne  of  Tamen,  lo  becnma 
the  fourth  nppoiter. — Soutbey,  Curt)  0/ 
Kthana  (1809). 

*.*  Ijulurlad  wae  the  person  aubjscted 
to  the  "curse  ot  Kehama,"  and  under 
that  name  the  atory  will  be  totuid. 

Kela,  now  called  Calabar. 
■^mBfwIck  >  bB  Miri.  n  nrlierl  Kafc  In  «  tun 

Keltia  (OW),  innkeeper  at  KioroM.— 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Tlu  Ablmt  [Ome,  Eliit- 
beth). 

Kempfbr-HauBen,  Robert  Pcarce 
Gilliea,  one  of  theapesken  in  the  "  'Soetkt 
Ambrosiann." — Blackojood't  Magailrte. 

Kendab,  an  Arabian  tribe,  which 
need  to  bnry  alive  their  female  children 
ai  soon  aa  they  were  bom.*  The  AW» 
refen  (o  them  in  cb.  ti. 

Kenge  (1  >yf.),  of  the  firm  of  Keuge 


KENELM. 


Ma 


tod  ObrkoT,    Liscela'f    Inn,  genendlj 
called    "  CoiiTenation    Keoffe,'*^  loving 


abore  all  thini^  to  hear  ^'tbe  dulcet 
tones  of  his  own  voice.**  The  finn  is 
engaged  on  tiie  side  ef  Mr.  Jarndyce  in 
the  great  Chanceir  sort  of  **  Jamdyce  o. 
Jamdyce.**— C.  Dickens,  BImk  Snm 
(1668). 

Konehn  (8L)  wbu  mndered  at 
Olente-in-Owbaj^  near  Wmcheloamfa, 
in  Gioooestenhire ;  bat  the  mmder  **  was 
raafacnlonshraotified  at  Room  by  a  white 
dove,"  whidi  alighted  on  the  altar  of  SL 
Peter's,  bearing  m  its  beak  a  aooU  with 
these  werds: 


laCI«K«ovH 

Bofler  d*  Waodovw.  CArMdolM  (dM  ISV). 

Kenilworth.  a  novel  by  sir  W. 
Scott  (1821).  This  is  very  superior  to 
The  Abbot  and  The  Monattery,  For 
interest  it  'oenes  next  to  foanhoe^  and 
the  portrait  of  <|iieen  Elizabeth  is  life- 
like and  oorrect.  Thsft  of  queen  Moot 
is  given  in  7%<r  AhM,  The  novel  is  fuil 
of  courtly  gaieties  and  splendour,  bat 
contains  the  unhappy  tale  of  the  beauttfol 
Amy  Robsart,  winch  caonotfail  to  excite 
«ar  sympathy  and  pity. 

Kenna,  daughter  of  khig  ObSroo, 
who  fell  in  leve  with  Albion  son  of  the 
island  king.  ObSron  diove  the  prince 
from  his  empire,  and  when  Albion  aude 
war  on  the  fairy  king,  he  was  slain. 
Kenna  then  poured  the  juice  of  mdly 
over  him,  and  the  dead  body  was  con- 
verted into  a  snowdrop.  According  to 
this  fable,  "  Kensington  Gamlens**is  a 
corruption  of  Kenna's-town-garden. — 
Tickell,  Kensington  Garden  (died  i740). 

Elennahtwhar  ('*  Iknow  not  vhcre  **), 

the  capital  of  Noman*s>Iand,  9r  norUi 

lat.  181^  west  long. 

A  efaronkler  of  KMinalit»1iar  of  Vtmay  mfi/tmy, 
Th»  Oont%t4tt  ^  enmad*  left  In  inwHi«cf1pt  for  hlitavr. 
r*«  qitttm  ("  Douhlo  Aorootk."  197^. 

•*♦  This  chronicler  was  "Fray  Antonio 
Agapida,**  the  hj^thetical  author  of  The 
Conquest  of  Granada^  by  Washington 
Irving. 

Kenna-quhair   (Scotch.  "/  donH 
know  where  '*),  an  hypothetical  locality. 
IMnmibv  In  snuni  pMi  lor  KonnM|n]Mlr.-«r  W 

Kennedv  (/Va«*),  an  excise  officer, 
who  shows  Mr.  G.  Godfr^  Bertram  tiie 
laird  of  Kllanffowan  (magistrate)  tiie 
smuggler's  vessel  chased  by  a  war  sloop. 
The  smugglers  afterwards  murder  him. 


KENT. 


W.  Sco^  Gu^  Mannermg  <time, 
Geoige  II.). 

Kenneth  (SEr),  "Kni^^  of  Ae 
Leopard,'*  a  disguise  assumed  by  David 
earl  of  Huntingdon,  prince  royal  «f 
8cotland.-~8ir  W.  Scott,  The  TaUmnam 
(time,  Bichard  I.). 

Kenriok  {FHix),  tiie  old  faatev- 
father  of  Caroline  Donner.  His  wife 
Judith  was  her  nurse.  Kcnri^  aa 
Irishman,  clings  to  his  mistresb  in  all 
her  misfortunes,  and  proves  himaclf  « 
«ost  attached,  disinterested,  and  faithful 
old  servant.— 6.  CoUnan,  The  JUr-at- 
Im  (17W). 

Kensington,  according  to  TicJkciirB 
labk,  is  so  called  froBi  the  fairy  Kemia, 
daughter  of  king  OUtrm.  The  tale  is 
that  prince  Albion  was  stolen  by  Milkah, 
the  fairy,  «nd  caisied  ia  Ksaaingtoiu 
When  19  years  old.  he  fell  in  love  wilk 
Kenna ;  but  Oberon  was  so  angry  at  this 
«ngageicent,  that  he  drove  AlhioB  out  of 
the  garden,  and  compelled  Kienaa  <• 
marry  Asuriel,  a  fairy  frrai  H<^laDd 
Park.  Albion  laid  bis  comphynt  hefoie 
Neptone,  who  aent  Oriel  with  a  fiiiiy 
armpr  against  Oberan.  In  this  battla 
Albion  was  slain,  and  N^ptane,  in 
revenge,  ntteriy  destroyed  tke  whok 
empire.  The  faiaes,  being  dispersed, 
betook  themselves  to  the  hiUs  and  dalea, 
the  caves  and  mines.  Kenna  poured 
juice  of  the  herb  mdly  over  the  dead 
body  of  Albion,  and  the  unhappy  piinoc 
was  changed  thus  into  »  snowdrop.-^ 
Tickell,  Kensington  Garden  (died  1740).  f 

Kent.  According  to  fable,  Kent  ia  «o 
called  from  Can'nte,  one  of  the  com- 
panions of  Brute  the  Trojan  wanderer, 
who,  According  to  Geoffrey's  BritisA 
History^  settledin  England,  and  founded 
a  dynasty  of  kings.  Canute  had  that 
part  of  the  bland  assigned  to  him  which 
was  called  Canutium,  contracted  into 
Can'tium,  and  again  into  Cant  or  Kent, 

Ant  GM«to  kad  bb  poffttai  fron  Ow  Nit, 
Tbo  wUfdi  he  caHoil  OuMrtlam.  for  hk  UnL 
Kow  Guittttm,  whMi  Kant  «•  eoMoaoalr  mqvlm 
r.  iWrr  «i«M«.  a  s.  IS  tUM). 


Keni  (EaH  of)^  under  the  assumed 
name  of  OuuSj  attended  upon  the  old  king 
Lear,  when  his  two  elder  daughters  re- 
fused to  entertain  him  with  his  suite. 
He  afterwards  took  him  to  Dover  Castle. 
When  the  old  king  was  dving,  he  could 
not  be  msde  to  understand  how  Cains  and 
Kent  could  be  the  same  p 
speare.  King  Lear  (1605). 


KoJl  {Tin  Far  Maid  of),  Jomn,  onl; 
iMB^bB  ot  EdtuDod  PluiUf^oet  ari  of 
Kmi.  Sbs  mairisd  ttnicc :  (l)Willliim 
di  UoaaenU  aari  9f  3^bbui7,  from 
■boa  ihc  «H  divDiMd  ;  (2)  lir  TboBiM 
Holkad;  lud  (B)  bw  Mcond  csuno, 
idvwl  (k  BlKk  Prinev,  by  irbom  ibe 
bcane  tke  ■uNlwt  ot  Ricluid  II. 


rmwlgs  (Jfr.),  ■  I 

(■din  Mr.  UlIvTicGTb 
frob  trbom  he  hu  **e3ip4 

Mrt.  Kmvigt,  wife  of  tbi 


wife's  asde, 
he  hu  **e3ipectitioaA.* 


HKle  Tha  eollefti  the  watar-ntci,  i 
■Ball  her  duusbter   Uoleena  to  ■ 
kJwdL 

rwun 

Nicklebr, 

hail  in  toig  bnided  taili 

bKki,  tkt  (ndi  being  tiid  whl>  briKbt 

ribboiu.— a  Diekeoi,  Siahaiai  1/isUeba 

C108). 

Kwagtmn,  «  flhrt  ■nd  Rnnu 
Txtuchict  in  >  wu  between  th*  Pole* 
M  TuUn.— J.  P.  Kemble,  Lcdaitia 


ledlrirtilotit  toliliui. 


KMUlifAt-ami 
The  vert  (kiglitgrt 


GALLOXiLAsai 


called  besuM  Uwy  were  lieU- 
"  devil'*  bUdt-^uud."  [3ee 
— .] — Stuubunt,  Daatip- 


KadtitixtcKt  Dag,  Catoier,  called  bj 
Salt.  Id  hi*  CHitH  to  Uia  foran,  <>  KM- 
■tr.~— CoDit«  de  Cftf  In*,  Onattal  Taiat 
("UiatDiy  of  Dakianaa,"  1743}. 

Kas'teren.  LincoUahira  i«  divided 
mtn  £di^n,  the  hi^ietf:  lud* :  JlMtoMX, 
the  heathi  (we«) ;  and  fintto*},  Um  taBi. 

*^  DrvU.  MOaM.  Uf.^Sf 

Kattla  Of  riBh  (A  Pnt^),  a  pretty 
■wUla,  &  bad  job.  A  aorrnption  of 
iJUb  ^  >**.  A  kiddle  a  a  bukst  let 
■  Iha  openiBg  of  ■  veu  toi  ratrJiing  Oih. 

Ksttla-dnun,  BoorraptlDn  of  fflddtt- 
dnm,  B  diEm  id  tba  ihape  ot  a  kiddle  or 

ibgra.) 


KEYS  OP  KNOWLEDGE 


inM'i  Mfadine,  the  water*  wtieraof  ai 


in  WicUow.     Thu  be  did 

to  Seef^ 

Kathleen,  who  loved  him,  an 

he  feared  hii  bnit  would  n 

him,     and 

while  be  sltpt  "  bent  over 

him;"  baL 
'bolyama* 

itartinft  from  hil  Bleep,  the 

caat  the  (pfl  from  the  rock 

nto  the  sea, 

wticb    bet    gboat    haunted 

amidW^ 

Uoote,7r^ 

JfeforfiM,  iv.  ("By  that'uki 

.  .  .-IBM). 

K^    (*),    H»    of    nr 

Ector    Uw 

ftiatec^Adhec  of  princa  Arth 

or.     Hew** 

ArtfaoT-i  MDeochal,  and  u  re 

ifiNKnMd  u 

ty^  of  oourtcw,  air  I^unecJ  Dtof^ivalry, 
sir  Hordred  of  traaduvy.  air  Galahad  of 
abwtitT,  tit  Uaik  of  a 


open  Rible  at  the  ' 
goent,  ■  --"  — '■ 
BnKar 


roidB,  ''^W'hithcr  thou 


a  initanca  of  thin  meUmd 
of  thiet-finding  was  bruu^t  betoN  Itaa 

■ :-■— - — »  tiifl  borough  potty  aaation* 

January,  l(f7S. 


Key  of  BuBsla,  Smolendc,  on  Iha 

I>nieper.     Famoot  fat  ito  luiitanca  to 
Napoleon  1.  in  181'^. 

Key  of  the  Meditorranwm,  tba 

toitnu  of  (iibraltai,  which   commaoda 
die  enttaaee  of  the  Medilennnean  Sea, 

Keys  of  Knowledge.   FivatUE^ 


KETKS. 


510 


KILDARE. 


Are  known  to  God  alone :  (1)  The  time  of 
the  day  of  judgment;  (2)  the  time  of 
rain ;  (8)  the  aex  of  an  animal  before 
birth ;  (4)  what  will  happen  on  the 
morrow  ;  (5)  where  any  one  will  die. 
These  the  Arabe  call  the  five  keyt  of  $ecret 
knowledge, — Sale,  Al  Kordn^  xxxi.  note. 
\*  The  five  tenset  are  called  "The 
five  doors  of  knowledge.** 

Keyne  [ JTera]  or  St.  Kmnr a,  dan^ter 
of  Braga'nua  pnnce  of  Garthmatnn  or 
Brecon,  called  **Keyna  the  Yirffin.** 
Her  tister  Melaria  was  the  mother  oi  St. 
David.  Many  nobles  sought  her  in 
marriage,  but  she  refused  them  all,  being 
rcsolvM  to  live  and  die  a  virgin.  She 
retired  to  a  spot  near  the  Severn,  which 
aboundeu  witn  serpents,  but  at  her  prayer 
they  were  all  turned  into  Ammonitet, 
and  **  abide  to  this  day.**  Subsequently 
she  removed  to  Mount  St.  Biichael,  and 
by  her  prayer  a  spring  of  healing  waters 
burst  out  of  the  earth,  and  whoever 
drinks  first  of  this  water  after  marriage 
will  become  the  dominant  honse«power. 
"Now^**  says  Southey,  "a  Comishman 
took  his  bride  to  church,  and  the  moment 
the  ring  was  on  ran  up  the  mount  to 
drink  of  the  mystic  water.  Down  he 
came  in  full  glee  to  tell  his  bride ;  but  the 
bride  said,  *  My  good  man,  I  brought  a 
bottle  of  the  water  to  church  with  me, 
and  drank  of  it  before  you  started.*** — 
Southey,  The  Well  of  St,  Keyne  (1798). 

Khadijah,  daughter  of  Khowailed ; 
Mahomet*8  first  wife,  and  one  of  the  four 
perfect  women.  The  other  three  are 
Ffttima,  the  prophet's  daughter;  Mary, 
dan^ter  of  Imimn ;  and  Asia,  wife  of 
the  Pharaoh  who  was  drowned  in  the  Red 
Sea. 

Kb&wla,  one  of  tiie  sorceresses  in 
the  caves  of  Dom-Daniel^  *'  undek*  the 
roots  of  the  ocean.**  She  is  called  **  the 
woman-fiend,**  "  fiercest  of  the  enchanter 
brood.**  She  had  heard  that  one  of  the 
race  of  Hodei'rah  (8  syL)  would  be  their 
destruction,  so  Okba  was  sent  forth  to 
cut  off  the  whole  race.  He  succeeded  la 
killing  eight,  but  one  named  Thal'aba 
escaped.  Abdaldar  was  chosen  to  hunt 
him  up  and  kill  him.  He  found  the  boy 
in  an  Arab's  tent,  and  raised  the  dag^, 
but  ere  the  blow  fell,  the  murderer  him- 
self was  killed  by  the  death-angel.— 
Southey,  Thalaba  the  Destroyer  (1797). 

Ehid'ir  or  Chidder,  the  tntelary  god 
of  voyagers ;  his  brother  Elias  is  the  tute- 
lary god  of  travellers.    The  two  brothers 


meet  once  a  year  at  Mina,  near  Mecca. — 
Mouradgea  d'Ohsaon,  BieUiry  nf  the  Ott^^ 
man  .Cmptfv  (1821). 

Khorassan  {The  Veiled  Prophet  of), 
Mokanna,  a  prophet-chief,  idio  wore  n 
veil  under  pretence  of  shading  the 
dazzling  light  of  his  countenance.  Tlie 
truth  is,  he  had  lost  an  eye,  and  his  face 
was  otherwise  disfiffured  in  battle.  Mo^ 
kanna  assumed  to  be  a  god,  and  main- 
tained that  he  had  been  Adam,  Noeh, 
and  other  representative  men.  When  tlie 
sultan  Mahadi  environed  him  so  that 
escape  was  impossible,  the  prophet  poi- 
soned all  his  followers  at  a  oan^uet,  and 
then  threw  himself  into  a  burning  acid, 
which  wholly  consumed  his  body. — T. 
Moore,  Laila  Bookh  («« The  VeUed 
Prophet,  etc.,"  1817). 

Kidney.  A  man  of  another  kidney, 
a  man  of  a  different  sort  of  character. 
The  Greeks^  Romans,  Jews,  etc,  sup- 
posed the  kidnejrs  to  be  the  seat  of  the 
affections,  and  therefore  to  dettnuine  the 
character. 

KifH,  a  giant  and  enchanter,  the 
impersonation  of  atheism  and  blasphemy. 
After  some  frightful  blasphemies,  he  hurls 
into  the  ur  a  hu^  roca,  which  fafls  on 
himself  and  kills  him,  **  f  or  self-murderers 
are  generally  infidels  or  atheists.** — Sir 
C.  Blorell  [J.  Ridley],  Talee  of  the  OenS 
(«« llie  Enchanter's  Tale,**  vL,  1751) 

ini,  in  the  names  of  places,  means  a 
"  cell,  cloister,  or  chapel.** 

Kilbarchan  (Scotland),  £a-hara<m^ 
the  kill  on  the  hill-top. 

Kilcrin  (Irebmd),  the  Ilttie  kiL 

Kildare  is  AlMoro,  the  **kU  of  tiie 
oak.'*  St.  Bridget  built  her  first  oeU 
nnder  a  laige  oak. 

Kilham  (Yorkshire),  the  cfaapd  close. 

Kilkenny,  the  kill  or  cloister  of  St. 
Kenny  or  Canic^ 

Kilmore  (Ireland),  the  big  kiL 

Kilsyth  (Ireland),  the  great  kU 
C*  $ythe{*  mtA). 

Icolmkill  (Scotland),  u  I-columt^kH, 
•.tf.  the  "island  of  SL  Colnmb's  celL** 
The  Childee  institutions  of  St.  Colnmb 
were  established  in  563,  for  the  pnipoee  <tf 
converting  the  Picts  to  Christianity. 

Kildare  (2  sy/.),  famous  for  the  fire 
of  St.  Bridget,  which  was  never  allowed 
to  go  out.  St.  Bridget  returns  every 
twentieth  year  to  tend  to  the  fire  herself. 
Part  of  the  chapel  of  St.  Bridget  still 
remains,  and  is  called  *'The  Fire4ioase  ** 


KILDERKIN. 


511 


KING. 


likctk«bitgbt 


la  KOdnrvli  hoir  bM, 


Aad  burned  thfoii(6  loag  •«§  of  darluMv  and  irtorm. 
T.  M<ncc./HA  if itorfJM.  g  (- Bria.  O  Irint"  1S14)l 

Apod  KDdtflaai  ocowrlt  Ink  SaneUi  Brlglda  qncm 
te>itli>giMi**wn  mamU—GmUm  Ouabrauli.  Bibtrnkt, 

Elilderldn  (iV<Kf)i  keeper  of  An 
Cftting-house  at  Greenwich.  —  Sir  W. 
Scott,  F(i>rt^ne$  of  Nigel  (time,  Jftmes  I.). 

Trnift-Ti  (A.)t  <ui  Irish  misBionary  who 
flaffered  autftjrrdom  at  WOrzbarg,  in  689. 
A  caUiedral  was  erected  to  his  memory  in 
the  ei^th  oentnry. 

Kilian  of  Kersberg.  the  *8Quire  of 
air  Archibald  von  Ha^^enbach. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Anne  of  Oeierstetn  (time,  Edward 
IV.). 

Killed  by  Elindnesa,  It  is  said 
that  the  ape  not  nnfreqnently  strangles 
hs  young  ones  by  huflKing  them  too  hard. 

The  Athiinians,  wi^ng  to  show  honour 
to  Draco  Hht  law-giver,  showered  on  him 
their  caps  and  cloaks,  and  he  was 
smothered  to  death  by  the  pile  thus 
heaped  upon  him. 

TT^n-tfig  no  Kurder.  Garpentier 
de  Harignv,  the  enemy  of  Mazarin, 
iMoed,  in  1658,  a  tract  entitled  Tuer  un 
Tyran  n'eat  par  un  Crime. 

Sexby  wrote  a  tract  entitled  KtUing  no 
Mnrder,  generally  thought  to  have  been 
the  production  of  WilUam  Allan.  The 
object  of  the  book  was  to  show  that  it 
would  be  BO  crime  to  murder  Cromwell. 

Blilxnanaef^  {Mi»),  an  heiress  with 
great  expectations,  and  an  artificial  leg 
of  solid  gold.~Thomas  Hood,  A  Ooiden 
Legend  (1828). 

"Kingf  a  titie  of  sovereignty  or 
honour  At  one  time,  crown  tenants  were 
called  kings  or  dukes,  at  the  option  of  the 
sovereign;  tiios,  Frederick  Barbarosaj 
made  one  of  bis  brothers  a  king- vassal, 
and  another  a  duke-vassa),  simply  by  the 
investiture  of  a  sword.  In  English  his- 
tory, the  lord  of  Man  was  styled  **  king ;  ** 
so  was  ihc  lord  of  the  Isle  of  Wight,  and 
the  lord  of  Connaueht,  as  clearly  appears 
in  the  grants  of  John  and  Henry  III. 
Several  examples  might  be  quoted  of 
tearls  conferring  the  title  of  "king  '*on  their 
vassals.— See  Selden's  7Ule$  of  Honour, 
iii.  (1614). 

King  (Like  a).  When  Poms,  the 
•Indian  prince,  was  taken  prisoner,  Alex- 
ander asked  him  how  he  expected  to  be 
treated.  **  Like  a  king,**  he  replied ;  and 
Alexandor  made  him  his  friend. 


of  Bradford,  the  successful  advocate  <rf 
the  "Ten  Hours  Bill**  (1789-1861). 

£ing  (The  JUulwajfjj  George  Hudson ; 
so  csiled  by  the  Rev.  Sydney  Smith 
(1800-1871). 

King  (The  Red)  tiie  king  of  Persia; 
so  called  from  his  red  turban. 

(Vado  at  Potmm  ntnio  propter  nib«  luiiiawiii  c^iltlt 
Buhtttm  Otpmt  rocMit,  iu  Mfn  MoKovte.  propMr  alba 


King  (The  Snow),  Gustavus  Adqiphus 
of  Sweden,  killed  in  the  "  Thirty  Tears* 
War  *'  at  the  battle  of  LAtsen,  1682. 


At  Vienna  b*  WW  ealM  "The  Snow  Klftt"  IB  datWoii. 
Like  a  now-ball,  he  wu  kept  totetker  \)y  the  coU,  but  «■ 
be  apDcoaebed  a  wanner  mU  be  melted  awnjr  and  dliap- 
peared.~I>r.  CHchton.  BeamUnatkt,  U.  61  (108). 

*«*  Sweden  and  Norway  are  each 
called  "  The  Snow  Kingdom.** 

Let  no  veeid  of  the  kinfldon  d  aoow^JTeriMiyl  booad 
on  the  dark-rolHng  wrnvw  ot  InktUtn  [(Ae  Orknegtl— 
Omiaa,  Jtm^a,  L 

Atfi^  (The  While).  The  ancient  kinjgs 
of  Muscovy  were  so  called  from  the  white 
robe  which  they  used  to  wear.  Solomon 
wore  a  white  robe^  henoe  our  Lord,  speak- 
ing of  the  lilies  of  the  field,  says  that 
"Solomon  in  all  his  glory  was  not 
arrayed  like  one  of  these  "  (Luke  xii.  27). 

Priodpeta  Moaoorki  Alkttm  Stfem  nunoipaat  .  .  . 
Orado  nt  PMsam  nunc  propter  mbea  tefonienta  caplUa 
Jhi*MMn  Oapmt  voeant,  Ka  legat  Monorte.  propter  alba 
tcsnxaMit*  ^  '^  Atysf  an>ellatl— Sigtmund. 

*«*  Another  explanation  may  be  sug- 
gest^ :  Muscovy  was  called  "  WhKO 
Russia,**  as  Pohmd  was  called  "Black 
Russia." 

King  (Tom^,  "the  choice  spirit  of  the 
day  for  a  quiz,  a  hoax,  a  joke,  a  jest,  a 
song,  a  dance,  a  race,  or  a  row.  A  jollv 
dog,  a  rare  blood,  prime  buck,  rum  soul, 
and  funny  fellow.*'  He  drives  M.  Mor- 
bleu,  a  Frendi  barber,  living  in  the 
Seven  Dials,  London,  almost  out  of  his 
senses  by  inquiring  over  and  over  aga*n 
for  Mr.  Thompson. — Moncrieff,  Mon, 
Toneon. 

(There  is  a  Mon.  Toneon  by  Taylor, 
1767.) 

King  (sumamed  the  Afabie),  (Charles 
VIII.  of  France  (1470,  1483-1498). 

King  (sumamed  the  Amoroue),  Philippe 

I.  of  Fiance  (1052,  1060-1108). 

King  (sumamed    Augustus),   Philippe 

II.  of  France.    So  called  becsuse  he  was 
bora  in  August  (1165,  1180-1223).  ^ 

Sigismund  II.  of  Poland  ;  bora  in  the 
monUi  of  August  (1520, 154^1572). 


King  (The  Factory),  Richard  Oastler  |      King  (wnuMied  the  Avenger),  Alphimao 


KINQ. 


XI.  of  Leon  and  Castile  (1310,   1327- 
1850). 

King  (eumamed  the  Bad)^  Charles  II. 
of  Navarre  (1382,  1349-1387). 

William  I.  of  the  Two  Sicilies 
(♦,  1164-1166). 

King  (sumamed  the  Bcdd)y  Charlea  I. 
U  Oumte  of  France  (823,  87d>^7). 

King  (somamed  Bwrbaroeea  or  Bed 
Beard),  Frederick  II.  of  Germany  (1121, 
1152-1190). 

Kinq  (somained  the  Battier)^  Alphonso 
L  of  Aragoii  (♦,  1104-1186). 

King  (sumanied  the  Bearded),  Baldwin 
rV.  earl  of  Flanders,  The  Handsome 
Beard  {\UO-nm. 

Constantino  Iv.,  Pogonatxu,  emperor 
of  Rome  (648,  66»-686). 

King  (somamed  Beaiuclerk)^  Henir  I. 
of  England  (1068,  1100-1136). 

Kmg^  (somamed  the  BeUiooee),  Henil 
II.  U  BeUiqueuM  (1519,  1647-1669). 

King  (sumamed  the  Black),  Heinrich 
m.  of  Germany  (1017,  1046-1056). 

King  (saraamed  the  Bold),  Boleslaos 
II.  of  Poland  (1042,  1068-1090). 

King   (sumamed   Bmnba),    Ferdinand 
U.  of  the  Two  Sicilies  (1751, 1759-1826)^ 
Franeis  II.  Bombaltno  (1860). 

King  (sumamed  the  Brave),  Alphonso 
YI.  of  Leon  and  Castile  (1030,  1066- 
1109). 

Alphonso  IT.  ot  Portocal  (1290,  1894- 
1867). 

King  (sumamed  the  CatAolic)^  Alphonso 

I.  of  Astorias  (693,  739-757). 
Ferdinand  it.  of  Aragon  (1452,  1474- 

1616). 

Isabella  queen  of  Castile  (1460.  1474- 
Ib^). 

King  (sumamed  the  Oeremonious)^ 
Peter  IV.  of  Aragon  (iai7,  1836-1387). 

King  (sumamed  the  Chaste),  Alphonso 

II.  of  Leon,  etc  (768,  791-842). 

King  (sumamed  the  Confessor),  Ed- 
ward the  Confessor,  ot  England  (1004, 
1042-1066). 

King  (sumamed  the  Conqueror),  Alex- 
ander the  Great,  Conqueror  of  the  World 
(B.C.  856,  336-823). 

Alfonso  of  Portugal  (1094, 1187-1186). 


61S  KINa 

Anmngzebe  the  Great,  Alewtgitf  tfao 
Great  Mogul  (1618,  1659-1707). 

Francisco  Pi2arro  Conquistaaor,  of  Pom 
(1475-1541). 

James  I.  of  Aragon  (1206,  1218-1270). 

Othman  or  Gsman  I.  of  Turkey  (1269, 
1299-1326). 

William  h  of  England  (1027,  1066- 
1087). 

King  (sumamed  the  One/),  Podro  of 
Castile  (1384,  1360-1369). 
Pedro  of  Portugal  (1830,  1867-1M7). 

Kinq  (sumamed  the  Desired),  Lonia 
XYIII.  of  France  (1756,*  1814-1824). 

King  (sumamed  the  Fair),  Charles  lY. 
(1294,  1322-1328). 

Philippe  IV.  le  Bsl,  <A  France  (126& 
128&-1814). 

King  (sumamed  ike  Fat)^  Alplionao  IL 
ol  Portugal  (1186, 1212-1228). 

Charles  111.  of  Fiance  (882,  884-888). 

Louis  VI.  k  Oros,  of  Vmnoe  (lOTft, 
1108-1137). 

OUus  IL  of  Norway  (992,  1000-1086). 

King  (sumamed  the  Father  of  Letiers), 
Francois  I.  of  Fiance  (1494,  1616-1647). 

JTtfih^  (snroaaied  the  Father  of  His 
People),  Louis  XU.  of  Fiance  (1462^ 
1498-1516). 

Christian  lU.  of  Deomark  (1602» 
1534-1669). 

King  (sumamod  the  FsaHess),  John 
duke  of  Bawundy,  Sanspeur  (1371-1419). 

Bichard  L,  Sanspeur,  duke  of  Nor* 
mandy  (932,  942-996). 

King  (sumamed  the  Fierce),  AlsTander 
I.  of  ScotUnd  {*,  1107-1124). 

King  (somamed  the  Oallani),  in  Italian 
R€  Ualantuomo,  Victor  Kmmannel  of 
Italy  (1820,  1849-1878). 

jrtn<7  (sumamed  the  Good),  Alphonso 
Vlll.  of  Leon  and  CastUe  (1166,  1168- 
1214). 

Jolm  II.  of  France,  k  Bon  (1819, 
1850-1364). 

John  III.  di±e  of  Brittany  (1286, 
1312-1341). 

John  V.  duke  of  Brittany  (1889,  1899- 
1442). 

Philippe  in.  k  Bon,  daka  of  Bar- 
gundy  (1896,  1419,  1467). 

R^n^  titular  king  of  Kapko  (1409* 
1462). 

Richard  IL  duke  of  Normandj 
(♦,  996-1026). 


KINO. 


51S 


KING. 


WOliui  U.  of  the  Two  SkUks 
(•,  1166-1189). 

Kmg  (sanutmed  the  (freat}^  Abbas  I. 
ef  Piirn*  (li»67,  1585-1628). 

Alezjuidttr  of  Macedon  (b.g.  356,  840- 
823). 

Alfred  of  Enzbuid  (849,  871-901). 

Alphonso  III.  of  ABtuiiAs,  etc  (848, 
866-012). 

Alphonso  V.  coonfe  of  Saroy  (1249» 
1285-1323). 

BoletUus  I.  of  PoUnd  (*,  992-1025). 

CMMte  of  Eoglsnd  (995,  1014-1085). 

Cssifflir  lU.  of  Polaod  (1809.  IddS- 
1870). 

Ghsrlemmffne  (742,  768-814). 

Chsrles  Ul.  duke  of  Lorcaane  (1548, 
1547-1608). 

Qurles  Emnuumel  L  duke  of  SavoT 
(1562,  1580-1630). 

Cooslaiitine  L  emperor  of  Borne  (272, 
306-387). 

Cosoio  de*  Medici  grand-duke  of  Tus- 


BT  (1519,  1587-1574). 

Ferdinaiid  I.  of  OastUe,  etc.  (*,  1084- 
1065). 

Fredeiiek  II.  of  Pmanft  (1712,  1740- 
K86). 

Frederick  William  the  Great  Elector 
(1620,  1640-1688). 

Gnggry  L  pom  (544^  590-604). 

Hsan  IV.  of  France  (1553,  1589-1610). 

Herod  1.  of  the  Jews  (b.g.  78,  47-4). 

Hood  Affrippa  I.  the  tetrareh 
C  •-44). 

Hiao-wflo-tee  of  Ouna  (b.o.  206,  179- 
157). 

John  XL  of  Portugal  (1466,  1481- 
1495). 

Jastiniaa  I.  emperor  oi  the  East  (488, 
527-666). 

Khosroa  or  ChosroCs  I.  ot  Persia 
(♦,531-679). 

Leo  I.  pope  (890,  440-461). 

Lcmis  XIV.  of  France  (1638,  1648- 
in5). 

Lodwig  of  Honganr  (1326, 1842-1881). 

Mahomet  II.  of  ISukey  (1480,  1451- 
1481). 

Matteo  Tiscopti  lord  of  Milan  (1250, 
1296-1322). 

Maximilian  dnke  of  Bavaiifr  (1573- 
1651). 

Napoleon  I.  of  France  (1769,  1804- 
1814,  died  1821). 

Nicholas  I.  pope  (*,  863-867). 

Otto  L  of  Germany  (912,  936-973). 

Ptdro  III.  of  Amgon  (1239,  1276- 
1286). 

Peter  I.  of  RnssU  (1672,  1689-1725). 

Sapor  II.  of  Persia  (310,  308-380). 


Sigismund  L  of  Poland  (1466,  1606- 
1548). 

Theoderic  of  the  Ostrogoths  (464, 
475-526). 


Theodosios  I.  emperor  (346,  376-395). 
„     id-dul 
(*    973-1014). 


Vladimir 


of      Rossis 


giand-doke 

Waldemar  I.  of  Denmark  (1131,  1157- 
1181). 

King  (sumamed  the  liliutrious)^  Albert 
V.  emperor  of  Austria  (1398,  1404-1439). 

Jam-sheid  of  Persia  (n.c.  840-800). 

Kien-16ne  of  China  ri736-1796). 

NicomedM  IL,  £pipmmest  of  oithynia 
(♦,149-191). 

Ptolemy  V.,  Epiphania^  of  Egypt 
(B.a  210,  205-181). 

JSjn^  (somamed  the  InfcttU)^  Ludwig 
IV.  of  Germany  (893,  900-911). 
Otto  III.  of  Germany  (980,  988-1002). 

King  (somamed  Ironaide)^  Edmond  II. 
of  England  (989,  1016-1017). 

Frederick  II.  elector  of  Brandenburg 
was  called  '< Iron  Tooth**  (1657,  1688- 
1713). 

Nicholas  of  Bossia  was  called  '*The 
Iron  Emperor"  (1796,  1826-1852). 

King  (sumamed  the  Just),  Baharam  of 
Persia  (276-296). 

Casimir  II.  of  Poland  (1117,  1177- 
1194). 

Ferdinand  I.  of  Arsgon  (1373,  1412- 
1416). 

Haroon-al-Rasohid  (766,  786-808). 

James  II.  of  Aragon  (1261,  1286- 
1827). 

Khosroo  or  Chosrote  I.  of  Persia 
(♦,  631-579). 

Louis  XlU.  of  France  (1601,  1610- 
1643). 

Pedro  I.  of  Portogal  (1320,  1357- 
1367). 


itng    (sumamed    the   Lame),    Agesi- 
lads  of  Sparto  (b.o.  444,  398-361). 


Ka^ 

^  Iparta 
Albert  II.  of  Austria  (1289,  1330-1358), 


dnke  of  Austria. 

Charles  II.  of  Naples  (1248, 1289-1309). 

Heinrich  II.  of  Germany  (972,  1002- 
1024). 

King  (sumamed  the  Lion),  Alep  Ars- 
Ian  (tM  VcUinnt  Lion),  son  of  Togrul  Beg, 
the  Perso-Torkish  monarch  ^,  1063- 
1072). 

Arioch,  called  "The  lion  King  of 
Assyria"  (b.c.  1927-1897). 

Ehunelowiez  prince  of  Haliez,  who 
founded  Lemberg  (*' the  lion  city")  in 
1259. 

2  L 


KING. 


GofltaTiis  Adolphni,  called  "  The  Lioa 
of  the  North  *"  (1594,  1611-1632). 

Hemrich  duke  of  B«varU  and  Saxonj 
(1129-1196). 

Louis  VIII.  of  Fiance  (1187,  1228- 
1226). 

Richard  I.  of  England,  Cavtr  de  Lion 
(1167,  1189-1199). 

William  of  Scotland  ;  so  called  be- 
caace  he  chose  for  his  cognizance  a  red 
lion  rmnpant  (*,  1166-1214). 

King  (somamed  the  Little),  Chaxlefl 
III.  of  Naples  (1346,  1381-1386). 

King  (sumamed  the  Long-legged),  Ed- 
ward I .,  Longehanks,  of  England  (1239, 
1272-1307). 

Philippe  v.  le  Long,  of  France  (1294, 
1317-1322). 

King  (sumaoied  the  Magnaninuma), 
Alphonso  V.  of  Aragon  and  Naples  (1386, 
1416-1468). 

Khosroa  or  GhosroCs  of  Persia,  Noun 
sftirwan  (♦,  681-679). 

King  (sumamed  the  Magnificent),  Soli- 
man  I.  sultan  (1493,  1620-1666). 

King  (sumamed  the  Martyr),  Charles 
I.  of  England  (1600,  1626-1649). 

Edward  the  Martt/r,  of  England  (961, 
97^979). 

Louii  XYI.  of  Fiance  (1764,  1774- 
1793). 

Martin  I.  pope  (*,  649-666). 

King    (sumamed   the  Minion),   Henri 

III.  of  Fiance  (1661,  1674-1689). 

Kmg  (sumamed  the  Noble),  Alphonso 
yill.  of  Leon  and  CastUe  (1166,  1168- 
1214). 

(Charles  III.  of  Navarre  (♦,  1387-1425). 

Soliman,  called  Tchelibi,  Turkish  prince 
at  Adrianople  (died  1410). 

King  (sumamed  the  Pacific),  Amadens 
VIII.  count  of  Savoy  (1383,  1891-1449). 

Frederick  III.  of  Germany  (1416, 1440- 
1493). 

OUus  III.  of  Norway  (•,  1030-1093). 

King   (sumamed  the  Patient),  Albert 

IV.  duke  of  Austria  (1377,  1396-1404). 

King  (sumamed  tlie  Philosopher),  Fre- 
derick the  Great,  called  "  The  Philosopher 
of  Sans  Souci"  (1712,  1740-1786). 

Leo  VI.  emperor  of  the  East  (866,  88&- 
911). 

Marcus  Aurelius  Antoninus  of  Rome 
(121,  161-180). 

King  (sumamed  the  Ptbiw),  Edward  VI« 
of  Enjcland  (1687,  1547-1663). 


614  KINO. 

Eric  IX.  of  Sweden  (*,  1156-1161). 

Ernst  I.  founder  of  the  house  of  Gotha 
(1601-1674). 

Robert  le  Pieux,  of  France  (971,  996- 
1031). 

King  (sumamed  the  Prodigal),  Albert 
VL  of  Austria  (1418,  1439-1463). 

King  (sumamed  the  Jiash),  Charles  le 
Temeraire,  of  Burgundy  (1433, 1467-1477), 
duke. 

King  (sumamed  the  Red),  Amadeos 
VII.  count  of  Savoy  (1360,  1383-1391). 

Otto  II.  of  Germany  (966,  973-983). 

William  II.,  Euftu,  of  England  (1067, 
1087-1100). 

King  (sumamed  Red  Beard),  Frederick 
I.  kaiser  of  (lermany,  called  Barharosea 
(1121,  1162-1190). 

Horush  or  Home  sultan  of  AJgieiB 
(1474,  1516-1618). 

Khair  Eddin  sultan  of  Algien 
(*,  1618-1646). 

King  (sumamed  the  Sami),  Bonifkce  L 
pope  (*,  418-422). 

Boniface  IV.  pope  (♦,  607-616). 

Celestine  I.  pope  (*,  422-482). 

Celestine  V.  pope  (1216, 1294-1296). 

Charles  the  (xood,  count  of  Flanden 
(*,  1119-1127). 

David  of  Scotiand  (*,  1124-1158). 

Eric  IX.  of  Sweden  (*,  1166-1160). 

Ethelred  I.  of  Wessex  (*,  866-871). 

Eugenius  1.  pope  (*,  664-^7). 

Felix  1.  pope  (*,  269-274}. 

Ferdinand  III.  of  Castile  and  Leoa 
(1200j  1217-1262). 

Hemrich  II.  of  (xermany  (972,  1002- 
1024). 

JuUus  I.  pope  (*,  887-862). 

Kang-he  of  China  (*,  1661-1722). 

Ladislaus  I.  of  Hnngaiy  (1041,  1077- 
1095). 

Leo  IX.  pope  (1002,  1049-1064). 

LouU  IX.  of  Fiance  (1216, 1226-1270). 

Martin  I.  pope  (*,  649-656). 

OUus  II.  of  Norway  (992,  1000-1030). 

Stephen  I.  of  Hungaiy  (979, 997-1038). 

King  (sumamed  the  Salic),  Conrad  II« 
of  Germany  (*,  1024-1039). 

King  (sumamed  the  Setoere),  Pteter  I« 
of  Portugal  (1820,  1367-1367). 

KtM  (sumamed  t?»e  Silent),  Anasta- 
sius  1.  emperor  of  the  East  (480,  491- 
518). 

William  I.  Stadtholder  (1588,  1544- 
1684). 


KING. 


616        KING  AND  THE  LOCUSTS. 


J£mg  (BunMmed  the  Simple)^  Ghnrles 
m.  of  FiBDce  (879,  893-929). 

ITiaa  (sumamed  tAe  Skunmerer),  Loub 
n.  l€B6jw,  of  France  (846,  877-«79^ 

Miduel  II.  emperor  of  the  East 
(•,  «20-829). 

Skg  (tamAmed  the  Ttmble),  Ivan  II. 
of  Bossia  (1529,  15da-1584). 

Kmg  (foniamed  the  Thunderbolt).  Pto- 
lemv  king  of  Macedon,  eldest  son  of 
Ptolemy  Sot£r  I.,  waa  so  called  from  his 
gnat  impetnosity  (b.c.  *,  285-279). 


(smnamed      the     Thunderer)^ 
II.  of  Hungary  (1100,   1114- 


Stephen 
llSl). 

irM^(famamed  the  Unready)  ^  Etlielred 
n.  of  England  (♦,  978-1016).  Unready, 
in  this  oae,  docs  not  mean  unprepared, 
bat  nnwiie,  lacking  rede  ("wisdom  or 
eoauel**). 

Kmg  (nimamed  the  Valiant)^  John  lY. 
dnU  of  Brittany  (1338,  1364-1399). 

King  (snmamed  the  VSetorioiw), 
Charles  VII.  of  France  (1408,  1422-1461). 

King    (somamed     the     Well-heUmed), 

Charles  VI.  of  Fiance  (1868,  1380-1422). 

Louis  XY.  of  France  (1710, 1715-1774). 

King  (snmamed  the  Wiae)^  Albert  11. 
duke  of  Aostria(  1289,  1330-1368). 

Alphonso  X.  of  Leon  and  Ostile  (1203, 
1252-1284). 

Charies  Y.  of  France,  le  Sage  (1337, 
1364-1380). 

Che-Tsoa  of  China  (*,  1278-1296). 

Frederick  elector  of  Saxony  (1463, 
1644-1554). 

James  I.,  Sokmon,  of  England  (1666, 
1603-1626). 

John  Y.  duke  of  Brittany  (1389,  1399- 
1442). 

Gng  (sumamed  the  Wonder  of  the 
World),  Fiederick  II.  of  Germany  (1194, 
1215-1250). 

Otto  III.  of  (Germany  (980,  983-1002). 

Kmg  (sumamed  the  Toung),  Dagobert 
n.  of  France  (652,  656-679). 

Leo  II.  pope  (470,  474-474). 

Loms  VII.  ie  Jeune,  of  France  (1120, 
1137-1180). 

Ladwig  II.  of  Germany  (822, 865-875). 

Romanns  II.  emperor  of  the  East  (939, 
9(^963). 

Kin^Franco'ni,  Joachim  Mnra;  so 
aUed  becausehis  dress  was  so  exceedingly 


showy  that  he  reminded  one  of  the  fine 
dresses  of  Franconi  the  mountebank 
(1767-1815). 

King  IjOg,  a  rdfainidnt,  an  alhision 
to  .ZBsop's  fable  of  the  Frogt  a»kiHg/or  a 
King.  Jupiter  threw  a  log  into  the  pond 
for  their  first  king,  and  a  stork  for  their 
second.  The  one  was  too  passive,  the 
other  was  a  *'  d«\'ourer  of  his  people. 


Kinx  Kaker  (7:^),  Richard  Nerille, 
earl  of  Warwick,  who  fell  in  the  battle  of 
Baraet  (1420-1471).  So  caUed  because 
whefl  he  espoused  the  Yorkists,  Edward 
lY.  was  set  up  king ;  and  when  he 
espoused  the  Lancastrian  side,  Henry  YI. 
was  restored. 

Thai  fortniM  to  hk  «nd  the  mlgbtf  Wanriek  brinsik 
Thi»  pulMftiit  attar-op  and  pluckar-down  of  kinn. 
Dra/Um.  t'tt^Miom,  zxlL  (MM). 

King  P6taucLa  king  whose  subjects 
are  all  his  equals.  The  ouurt  of  king  P^taud 
is  a  board  where  no  one  pays  any  attention 
to  the  chairman ;  a  meeting  of  ail  talkers 
and  no  hearers.  The  king  of  the  beggars 
is  called  king  P^ud,  from  the  Latin,  veto, 
"  I  beg." 

Kin^  Stork,  a  tyrant  who  devours 
his  subjects  and  makes  them  subroissivo 
from  fear.  The  allusion  is  to  ^80)>'8  fable 
of  the  Frogt  asking  for  a  King.  Jupiter 
first  sent  them  a  log,  but  tiiey  despised 
the  passive  thing ;  he  then  sent  them  a 
stork,  who  devoured  them. 

King  and  the  liocusts.  A  king 
made  a  proclamation  that,  if  anv  man 
would  tell  him  a  story  which  should  last 
for  ever,  he  would  make  him  bis  heir  and 
son-in-law ;  but  if  any  one  undertook  to 
do  so  and  failed,  he  should  lose  bis  head. 
After  many  failures,  came  one,  and  said, 
"A  certain  king  seized  all  the  com  of 
his  kingdom,  and  stored  it  in  a  huge 
granary ;  but  a  swarm  of  locusts  came, 
and  a  small  cranny  was  descried,  through 
which  one  locust  could  contrive  to  creep. 
So  one  locust  went  in,  and  carried  off 
one  grain  of  com ;  and  then  another 
locust  went  in,  and  carried  off  another 
grain  of  com ;  and  then  another  locust 
went  in,"  etc. ;  and  so  the  man  went  on, 
day  after  day,  and  week  after  week^  "and 
so  another  locust  went  in,  and  earned  off 
another  grain  of  com."  A  month  passed ; 
a  year  {>assed.  In  six  months  more,  the 
king  said,  "How  much  longer  will  the 
locusts  be  ?  "  "  Oh,  your  majesty,"  said 
the  story-teller,  "they  have  cleared  at 
present  only  a  cubit,  and  there  are  many 


KINQ  AND  THE  BEGGAB.         516   KINO  SHOULD  DIS  STAKDniG. 


thovsand  eubits  in  the  grMuury."  **  Man, 
man !  *'  cried  the  king ;  **  yon  will  drive 
me  mad.  Take  my  daoghter,  take  my 
kingdom,  take  everything  I  have ;  only 
let  ne  hear  no  more  of  these  intolerable 
locnflts ! " — Letters  from  an  Officer  m  India 
(edited  by  the  Bev.  S.  A.  Pears). 

King  and  the  Begear.  It  is  said 
that  king  Copethua  or  Copnetoa  of  Africa 
fell  in  love  with  a  beggar-girL  and 
married  her.  The  girl's  name  was  Penel'- 
ophon ;  called  bv  Shakespeare  Zenel'- 
ophon  (Love's  Labour's  Lost,  act  iv.  so.  1» 
1694). 

King  and  the  Cobbler.  The 
interview  between  Henry  VIII.  and  a 
merry  London  cobbler  is  the  subject  of 
one  of  the  many  popular  tales  in  which 
Bluff  Hal  is  represented  as  visiting  an 
humble  subject  m  disguise. 

"Kiag  of  Bark,  Chrittopher  III.  of 
Denmark,  Norway,  and  Sweden.  So 
called  because,  in  a  time  of  scarcity,  he 
bad  the  bark  of  birchwood  mixed  with 
meal  for  food  (died  1448). 


_  of  Bath,  Bean  Nash,  who  was 
for  fifteen  years  master  of  the  ceremonies 
of  the  bath-rooms  in  that  citv,  and  con- 
ducted the  balls  with  great  splendour  and 
judgment  (1674-1761). 

King  of  England.  This  title  waa 
irst  assumed  by  Egbert  in  828. 

King  of  Exeter  'Change,  Thomas 
Clark,  friend  of  the  famous  Abraham 
Newland  (1737-1817). 

King  of  France.  This  title  was 
first  assumed  by  Louis  Yll.  (1171).  It 
was  changed  into  **  king  of  the  French  " 
by  the  National  Assembly  in  17^. 
Louis  XYIII.  resumed  the  title  "  kin^  of 
France "  in  1814 ;  and  Louis  Philippe 
again  resumed  the  more  republican  title, 
<*  king  of  the  French"  (1830). 

King  of  France*  Edward  HI.  of  Eng- 
land assumed  the  title  in  1337 ;  but  in 
1801  it  was  relinquished  by  proclamation 
(time,  George  III.). 

King  of  Ireland.  This  title  was 
first  assumed  by  Henry  VIII.  in  1642. 
The  title  previously  assumed  by  the  kings 
€f  England  was  **  lord  of  Ireland.** 


ing  of  Painters,  a  title  assumed 
by  Parrhaslos.  Plutarch  says  he  wore  a 
purple  robe  and  a  golden  crown  (fl.  b.o. 


_  of  Preachers,  Louis  Boor- 
daloue,  a  French  clergyman  (1632-1704). 

King  of  Borne,  a  title  eonf  erred  Vy 
Napoleon  I.  on  his  son  the  very  day  1m 
was  bom  ;  but  he  was  generally  called  tfce 
duke  of  Keichstadt. 

It  is  thought  that  this  title  was  giren 
in  imitation  of  Clharlemagne.  If  so,  it 
was  a  blunder;  Charlemagne  was  never 
**  hng  of  Home,**  but  he  was  ^'patridaa 
of  Rome.*'  In  the  German  empire,  the 
heir-apparent  was  "  king  of  the  Romans,** 
not  "king  of  Rome.**  This  latter  title 
was  expressly  conferred  on  the  German 
kings,  and  sometimes  on  their  heira,  by 
a  coronation  at  Milan.  The  German  title 
equivalent  to  "dauphin,**  or  "prince  of 
Wales,'*  was  "  king  of  the  Bomaoa.** 

King  of  Shipt^  Ckrausius,  who 
assumed  the  purple  m  a.d.  287,  and, 
sizing  on  Britain,  defeated  the  emperor 
Maximian  Hereulius  in  several  naval 
engagements  (260,  287-293). 

King  of  Yvetot  [Ev-to'],  a  king  of 
name  only :  a  mockery  king  :  one  who 
assumes  mighty  honours  without  the 
wherewithal  to  support  them.  Yvetot, 
near  Rouen,  was  a  seigneorie,  oa  the 
possessor  of  which  Clotaire  I.  conferred 
the  title  of  king  in  634,  and  tha  Utle 
continued  till  the  fourteenth  century. 

n  Halt  an  rol  dTwtot. 
Fm  eooDO  (baa  I'hiatoira ; 
8c  lanut  tanl,  n  ooocbant  tftc. 
Donnant  fort  Uaii  Muglolra. 


King  of  the  Beggrars.  Bampfylde 
Moore  Carew  ( 1G93-1 770).  He  succeeded 
Clause  Patch,  who  died  1730,  and  was 
therefore  king  of  the  b^gars  for  forty 
years  (1730-1770). 

King  of  the  World,  the  Roma» 
emperor. 

King  Sat  on  the  Booky  Bro-w 

(A).    The  reference  is  to  Xerxes  viewing 

the  battle  of  Salamis  from  one  of  the 

declivities  of  mount  J^gftl'Cos. 

A  king  Mt  OB  the  rodqr  brow 

Which  look!  o'eriM-bani  SNlaialit 
And  shipa,  bjr  thoMuids,  hj  balov. 
Bftoa.  Don  Jmam,  lU.  ("  Hm  Um  of  Gtma"  lOO). 

("Ships  by  thousands**  it  a  gross 
exaggeration.*  The  original  fleet  was 
onlyl200  sail,  and  400  were  wrecked  off 
the  coast  of  Sepias  before  the  sea-fight  of 
Salamis  commenced,  thus  reducing  the 
number  to  800  at  most.) 

Kinjg  should  Die  Standing  (A), 
Tespasian  said  so,  and  Lcuii  XVlll.  of 


KINGTS  GATE. 


fil? 


RINGS  0?  ENGLAND. 


Ftaaee  npeated  the  miim  MicoaU    Both 
diid  Btanning. 

King^  Cave  (7%^),  opposite  to 
Gunpbeitowii  (Aivyushire) ;  so  called 
bccaose  king  KoSert  Brace  with  his 
Rtimie  lodged  in  it. — Statistical  Account 
of  Scotlant^  y.  167. 

King's  Chair,  the  hands  of  two 
penonstocroseedM  tofocm  aseat.  On 
uudleinaa  Day  (F^bnmry  2),  it  was  at  one 
tiaie  customary  for  Scot<»  children  to 
caiTT  offerings  to  their  schoolmaeter,  and 
the  boy  and  girl  who  broncbt  the  richest 
gift  were  elected  king  and  qneen  for  tiie 
nonce.  When  school  was  dismissed,  each 
ol  these  two  children  was  carried  in  a 
king's  diair,  by  way  of  triumph. 

Kings.  Many  lines  of  kings  haTe 
tsken  the  name  of  some  famons  forefather 
or  some  founder  of  a  d3ma8tY  as  a  titular 
name.— See  Seldcn,  TUies  of  Honour^  r. 

Albsm  kings,  called  SUmu, 

Amalekite  ainga,  Anag. 

Bithynian  kings,  Nioomidis, 

Coastantinojwutan  kings,  QmskaUin€» 

Egyptian  kings  (ancient).  Pharaoh, 
p  f,     (mediiBTal).  Ptolemy, 

Indian  kings,  called  Palibothri  (from  the 
ci^  of  PaUbothia). 

Parthian  kix^,  Ar'adcSs, 

Roman  emperors,  Ccnar, 

Senrian  kings,  Lauutry  ue,  Eleasar  Bolh 
w  Bmlkrogar^  sons  of  Bulk. 

Upsala  kings,  called  Droit, 

M^aipatronymics, — ^Athenian,  C^ecrop'- 
idv,  from  Ooofvps, 

Danish,  8kioId-un^  from  Skidd, 

Perstan^  Achmen'-idie,  from  Achmenis, 

Thessahan,    Alera-ds,  from    Alevas; 

Kings  of  Cologne  (The  Three), 
the  three  Magi  who  came  from  the  East  to 
efferofts  to  the  infant  Jesus.  Tfaeirnames 
are  Helchior,  (saspar,  and  Balthazar. 
The  first  offered  goid,  symbolic  of  king- 
ship; the  second,  ^raaibm^^iwtf,  symboUe 
of  divinity ;  the  thud,  myrrhj  symbolic  of 
death,  myrrti  being  usc^  in  embalming 
the  dead.     (See  Colooxk,  p.  204.) 

Kings  of  Sngland.  Since  the 
Conquest,  not  more  than  three  successive 
sovereigns  have  reigned  without  a  crisis : 

William  I.,  William  II.,  Heniy  I. 


Henry  IL,  Bichaxd  I.,  John. 
Ikr  pops  gliM  tteeravA  to  tbadanpUa. 

Henry  IIL,  Edward  I.,  Edward  II. 

KAradIL 


Edward  III.,  Richard  II. 

BIchMd  II.  dtpoMd. 

Henry  IV.,  V.,  VI. 

Lanotftcr  changed  to  Tork. 

Edward  IV.,  V.,  Richard  HI. 

Dynaitjr  chaimed. 

Henry  VII.,  VIII.,  Edward  VI. 

ImifimmOwr. 

Mary,  Elizabeth. 


James  I.,  Oharles  L 

GhArtM  I.  bolMMML 

C!harles  11.,  James  II. 

JamM  IL  deUmmad. 

William  III.,  Anne. 

Qyaattrcbaugad. 

George  I.,  II.,  III. 


(George  IV.,  William  IV.,  Viotorfai 
(indirect  successions). 

Kings  of  England.  Except  in  one  io- 
stanco  (that  of  John),  we  have  never  had 
a  great-grandchild  sovereign  in  direct 
descent.  The  exception  is  not  creditable, 
for  in  John's  reign  the  kingdom  was 
given  away  twice ;  his  smi  Henry  111. 
was  imprisoned  by  Leicester;  and  his 
great-grandson  Edward  II.  waa  morw 
dercd.  In  two  otiier  instances  a  grandr 
child  has  succeeded,  viz.,  Henry  VI., 
whose  reign  was  a  continued  civil  war ; 
and  Edwjud  VI.,  the  sickly  son  of  Jane 
Seymour.  Stephen  was  a  grandchild  of 
William  1.,  but  a  usurper;  Richard  II. 
was  a  grandchild  of  Edward  III.,  and 
George  HI.  was  grandson  of  Gieorge  II. ; 
but  their  fathers  did  not  succeed  to  the 
throne. 

William  L ;  hia  sons^  William  II., 
Henry  I. 

Stephen  (a  usurper). 

Henry  II. ;  his  sons,  Richard  I.,  Joho 
(discrowned). 

From  John,  in  regular  succession,  we 
have  Henry  HI.  (imprisoned),  Edward 
I.,  Edward  II.  (murdered),  Edward  III. 

Richard  II.,  son  of  the  Black  Prince, 
and  without  offspring. 

Henry  IV.,  Henry  V.,  Henry  VI. 
(civil  wars). 

Edward  IV.,  Edward  V. 

Richard  III.  (no  offspring). 

Henry  VII.,  Henry  VIII.,  Edward  VL 

Mary,  Elizabeth  (daughters  of  Uenrr 
VIII.). 

James  I.,  Charles  I. 

Cromwell  (called  lord  protector). 

CSiarles  II.,  James  IL  (two  brothtn). 

William  III. 


KINGS  OF  ENGLAND. 


518 


KINGSALE. 


Anne. 

George  I.,  George  II. 

George  III.  (great-grandson  of  George 
I.,  but  not  in  direct  descent),  George  I Y. 

William  IV.  (brother  of  (jeorge  IV.). 

Victoria  (the  niece  of  William  IV.  and 
George  IV.). 

Kingt  of  England,  Three  seems  to  be 
a  kind  of  mling  number  in  our  English 
sovereigns.  Besides  the  coincidences 
mentioned  above  connected  with  the 
number,  may  be  added  the  following : — 

il)  That  of  the  four  kings  who  married 
^rench  princesses,  three  of  them  suffered 
violent  deaths,  vis.,  Edward  II.,  Richard 
II.,  and  Charles  I.  (2)  The  three  longest 
reigns  have  been  three  th^rees,  viz.,  Henry 
III.,  Edward  III.,  and  George  III.  (3) 
We  have  no  instance^  as  in  France,  of 
three  brothers  succeedmg  each  other. 

Kings  of  France.  The  French 
have  been  singularly  unfortunate  in  their 
choice  of  royal  surnames,  when  designed 
to  express  anything  except  some  personal 
quali^,  as  fiandswne,  fatf  of  which  we 
cann<^  jndge  the  truth.  Thus,  Louis 
VIII.,  a  very  feeble  man  in  mind  and 
body,  was  sumamed  the  Lion ;  Philippe 
II.,  whose  whole  conduct  was  over- 
reaching and  selfish,  was  the  Magnani- 
mous; Philippe  III.,  the  tool  of  Labrosse, 
was  the  Darmg ;  Philippe  VI.,  the  most 
unfortunate  of  all  the  kings  of  France, 
was  sumamed  the  Lucky ;  Jean,  one  of 
the  worst  of  all  the  kings,  was  called 
the  Good;  Carles  VI.  an  idiot,  and 
Louis  XV.  a  scandalous  debauchee,  were 
sumamed  the  Weii-beioved;  Henri  II.,  a 
man  of  pleasure,  wholly  under  the  thumb 
of  Diane  de  Poitiers,  was  called  the 
Warlike;  Louis  XIII..  most  unjust  in 
domestic  life,  where  alone  he  mid  any 
freedom  of  action,  was  called  the  Just; 
Louis  XIV.,  a  man  of  mere  ceremony 
and  posture,  who  lost  battle  after  battle, 
and  brought  the  nation  to  absolute 
bankraptcy,  was  sumamed  the  Great 
Kimj,  ^He  was  little  in  stature,  little  in 
mind,  little  in  all  moral  and  physical 
faculties;  and  great  only  in  sucn  little- 
nesses as  posturing,  dressing,  ceremony, 
and  gormandizing.)  And  L^uis  XVI 1 1., 
forc^  on  the  nation  b^  conquerors  quite 
against  the  general  will,  was  called  the 
Desired, 

Kings  of  France,  The  succession  of 
three  Drotners  has  been  sinffulorly  fatal 
in  French  monarchism.  The  Capetian 
dynasty  terminated  with  three  brothers, 


sons  of  Philippe  le  Bel  (via.,  Louis  X^ 
Philippe  v.,  and  Charles  IV.).  The 
Valois  dynasty  came  to  an  end  l^  the 
succession  of  the  three  brothers,  sons  of 
Henri  II.  (vizu  Francis  II.,  Charles  IX«, 
and  Henri  III.).  The  next  or  Bourbon 
dNHiasty  terminated  in  the  same  manner 
(Louu  XVI.,  Loms  XVIII.,  and  Oiarles 
X.). 

After  Charles  IV.  (the  third  brother  of 
the  Capetian  dvnasty),  came  Phili|^  de 
Valois,  a  collateral  descendant ;  after 
Henri  III.  (the  third  brother  of  the 
Valois  dynasty),  came  Henry  de  Bour- 
bon, a  collateral  descendant;  and  after 
Charles  X.  (the  third  brother  of  the 
Bourbon  dynasty),  came  Louis  Philippe, 
a  collateral  descendant  With  the  tluid 
of  the  third  the  monarchy  ended. 

Kings  Flaying  with  their 
Children. 

The  fine  painting  of  Bonington  repre- 
sents Henri  IV.  (of  France)  carrying  his 
children  pickaback,  to  the  herror  of  the 
Spanish  ambassador. 

Plutarch  tells  us  that  Agesillos  was 
one  day  discovered  riding  cock-horse  on 
a  walking-stick,  to  please  and  amuse  his 
children. 

George  III.  was  on  one  occasion  dis- 
covered on  all  fours,  with  one  of  his 
children  riding  astride  his  back.  He  is 
also  well  remembered  by  the  painting  of 
*' (George  III.  PUying  at  Ball  with  the 
Princess  Amelia.*' 

Elngdom  of  Snow.^  Norway. 
Sweden  also  is  so  called.  When  these 
kingdoms  had  each  a  separate  king, 
either  of  them  was  called  **llke  Snow 
King."    (See  Kino,  Snow.) 

Let  no  Twnl  of  the  klnyloai  of  mow.  boand  cm  tkm 
dark-roUliif  wmrm  of    Inlttora  [<M  Ortmtml' 
nne^,L 


Kingsale  (Lord)y  allowed  to 
his  hat  in  the  presence  of  royalty.  In 
1208,  Hugh  de  Lacie  treacherously  seized 
sir  John  die  Courcy  lord  of  Kingsale,  and 
king  John  condemned  him  to  perpetual 
imprisonment  in  the  Tower.  When  he 
haa  been  there  about  a  year,  king  John 
and  Philippe  Auguste  of  France  amed  to 
determine  certain  claims  by  combat.  It 
was  then  that  John  applied  to  De  Courcy 
to  be  his  champion ;  and  as  soon  as  the 
giant  knight  entered  the  lists,  the  French 
champion  ran  away  panic-Btruck.  John 
now  asked  his  champion  what  reward  he 
could  give  him  for  his  service.  **  Titles 
and  estates  1  have  enow,"  said  De  Courcy ; 
and  then  requested  that,  after  having  ptud 


KINGSHIP. 


519 


KITE. 


obdnnce,  he  tad  his  heirs  nuAt  stand 
coreied  in  tbe  preseoee  of  the  sing  and 
his  foccesson. 

Lord  F<»ester  had  the  same  right 
comfinned  to  him  by  Hairy  YIII. 

John  Pakington,  ancestor  of  lord 
Hampton,  had  a  grant  made  him  in  the 
20th  Henry  YIII.  ^' of  fnll  Ubertv  daring 
his  life   to  wear  hia  hat  in  the  royu 


KizUfShip  ^Disqualijicatumsfor),  Any 
penouu  blemish  disqualified  a  {lerson 
from  being  king  dunng  the  semi-bar- 
bsroQS  stage  of  society  ;  dios  putting  out 
the  eyes  of  a  prince,  to  disqualify  him 
from  reigning,  was  by  no  means  uncom- 
mon. It  will  be  remembered  that  Hubert 
designed  to  put  out  the  eyes  of  prince 
Aithnr,  with  this  object.  Witi'za  the 
Yisigofth  pat  out  the  eyes  of  Theodo- 
tttd,  "inhabilitandole  pftra  la  monarchia,'* 
ssjrs  Fenaias.  When  Alboquerque  took 
possession  of  Ormuz,  he  deposed  fifteen 
kings  of  Portugal^  and,  instead  of  killing 
tiiem,  put  out  uieir  eyes. 

Tonrerth,  son  of  Owen  Gwynedh,  was 
set  aside  from  the  Welsh  throne  because 
be  had  a  broken  nose. 

Count  O'iiba  of  Barcelona  was  set  aside 
beeutse  he  could  not  speak  till  he  had 
itemp^  thrice  with  his  foot,  like  a  ^oat. 

The  son  of  Henry  Y.  was  to  be  received 
ss  king  of  France,  only  on  condition  that 
hii  body  was  without  defect,  and  was  not 
stmtted. — Monstrelet,  ChroiUques,  r,  190 
(1512). 

Da  Oandc  de  GalBcte  qM  taeim  vaHado, 
fnhfo  Mte  wMibra,  o«m  to  iutonUa, 
FhiBo  I»  vWmi.  andalw  emlMmiido, 
C»«aMq|iwiMHiT«d«.  noo  debie  Mer  nada 

I  da  Botdm^  SL  itom^  SSS  (dM  ISSf). 


Kimnont  Willie,  William  Arm- 
itroBg  of  Kinmonth.  This  notorious 
freebooter,  who  lived  in  the  latter  part  of 
the  sixteenth  eentuiy,  is  the  hero  of  a 
fimwos  Scotch  ballad 

Kinoce'taSy  a  precious  stone,  which 
will  enable  the  possessor  to  cast  out 
devils. — Mirrvr  of  Stones, 

Kirk  (Mr.  John),  foreman  of  the  jury 
on  Bfiie  Deans's  triaL— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Meart  of  MidMhian  (time,  George  II.). 

Kirkcaldy  (Scotland),  a  corruption 
ef  Kirk-Cal<iee,  one  of  the  churches 
founded  in  6^  by  St.  Columb  and  his 
twehre  brethren,  when  tiiey  established 
file  CJnldee  institutions.  The  doctrines, 
discipline,  and  government  of  the  Culdees 
Rssmbled  presbyterianism. 

Kirkrapine  (3  sj/L),  a  sturdy  thief, 


'*  wont  to  rob  churches  of  their  ornaments 
and  poor  men's  boxes."  All  he  could 
lay  hands  on  he  brought  to  the  hut  of 
Abessa,  daughter  of  Corce'ca.  While 
Una  was  in  the  hut,  Kirkrapine  knocked 
at  the  door,  and  as  it  was  not  immediately 
opened,  knocked  it  down ;  whereupc^ 
the  lion  sprang  on  him,  "under  his 
lordly  foot  did  niro  suppress,**  and  than 
"  rent  him  in  thousand  pieces  small." 

The  meaning  is  that  popery  was  re- 
formed by  the  British  lion,  which  slew 
Kirkrapine,  or  put  a  stop  to  the  traffic  in 
spiritual  matters.  Una  represents  truth 
or  the  Reformed  Church.— Spenser,  Fairy 
Qveen,  i.  3  (1590). 

Kiss  the  Scavenger's  Daughter 
(To),  to  be  put  to  the  torture.  Strictly 
speaking,  "  the  scavenger's  daughter " 
was  an  instrument  of  torture  invented 
by  William  Skevin|§^n,  lieutenant  of  the 
Tower  in  the  reign  of  Henry  YIII. 
Skevington  became  corrupted  into  sea- 
vertger,  and  the  invention  was  termed  his 
daughter  or  offspring. 

Kit  [Nubbles],  the  lad  employed  to 
wait  on  little  Nell,  and  do  all  sorts  of 
odd  jobs  at  the  **  curiosity  shop  "  for  her 
grandfather.  He  generally  begins  his  sen- 
tences with  "Why  then."  Thus,  "»Twns 
a  lon^  way,  wasn't  it,  Kit?"  "Why 
Uien,  it  was  a  goodish  stretch,"  returned 
Kit.  "  Did  yon  find  the  house  easily  ?  " 
"Why  then,  not  over  4nd  above,"  said 
Kit.  "Of  course  you  have  come  back 
hungry?"  "  Why  then,  I  do  think  I  am 
rather  so."  When  the  "  curiosity  shop  " 
was  broken  up  by  Quilp,  Kit  took  service 
under  Mr.  Garland,  Abel  Cottage,  Finch- 
ley. 

Kit  «M  a  diodc-lMadad.  riuunbllns.  awkward  lad.  with 
an  uncoounonlx  wide  mouth,  very  r«d  dMelu,  a  turofld* 
np  noM,  and  a  mcMt  comical  eiprMrioii  of  fiMe.  Ha 
•topped  Bbort  at  tha  door  on  welnf  a  stranger,  twirled  in 
his  band  an  old  round  hat  withouta  vwtise  or  brfan.  rwt- 
ins  bloMelf  now  on  one  Iok.  and  now  on  tbc  other,  and 
ktoklng  with  a  moet  extraordlnaiy  laar.  He  was  eridenlljr 
Um  oomedr  of  Uttia  NelTa  Ufi.— a  Diekeos.  Tha  OM 
CWiesfty  Shop.  L  (ISM). 

Kite  (Sergeant)  f  the  "recruiting 
officer."  He  cfescribes  his  own  character 
thus: 


"  I  was  boffn  a  gbpay.  and  bred  among  that  crew  tUI  I 
was  10  jmn  old ;  there  I  laamt  caMima  and  itfing.  I 
was  bought  from  nay  mother  by  a  certain  nobleman  for 
three  pbtoiea.  wIm  .  . .  made  m«  his  page ;  thrnv  I  learnt 
impmUjtM  and  pimping.  Being  turned  olT  for  wearing 
ny  lord's  linen,  and  drinking  my  lady's  nUafla.  I  turned 
baifilTs  follower ;  there  I  learnt  bulijfing  and  nMarinff. 
1  at  last  got  into  the  army,  and  theral  learnt. . .  Orinking, 
8o  that ...  the  whole  sum  b :  canting,  lying,  impodenr^ 
pimping,  buUylng.  swearing,  drinking,  and  a  halbard.** 
—G.  ntfqohar.  Th«  Stieruittng  Qfieer.  liL  1  (17«6). 

Sergeant  Kite  Is  an  original  picture  of  tow  Ufc  aai 
humour,  rarely  lurpauiart.—B.  Chamben,  JSngUth  tUtrm 
<«rs.L88Si 


KITILT.  520 


Th«  orighua  <*  MrgMiit  Kite**  was  R. 
EMteourt  <1668-171d). 

Kitely  (2  syl.),  a  rich  City  merchant, 
•xtreroely  jealous  of  his  wife. — Ben  Jon- 
fon.  Every  Man  m  His  Humour  (1598). 

Kit-Kat  Club,  held  in  Shire  Lane, 
now  called  Lower  Serle*s  Place  (London). 
The  members  were  whijr  "  patriots,**  who, 
at  the  end  of  William  III.*B  reign,  met  to 
secure  the  protestant  succession.  Joseph 
Addison,  Steele,  Conflprere,  Garth.  Van- 
bmgh,  Mainwaring,  Walpole,  pDlteney) 
etCy  were  members. 

Kit-Kat  Pictures,  forty-two  por- 
traits, painted  by  sir  Godfrey  Kneiler, 
three-quarter  size,  to  suit  the  walls  of 
Tonson's  villa  at  Bam  Elms,  where,  in 
its  latter  days,  the  Kit-Kat  aub  was 
held. 

%*  **  Kit-Kat  **deriTes  its  nama  firom 
Chnstoi^er  Katt,  a  pastry-cook,  who 
served  the  club  witii  mutton  pies. 

B[itt  Henshaw,  boatman  of  sir 
Patrick  Charteris  of  Kinfauns,  provost 
of  Perth.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Fair  Maid  of 
Perth  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

Kittleoourt  {Sir  ITumas),  M.P., 
neighbour  of  the  laird  of  EUangowan. — 
Sir.  W.  Scott,  Ouy  Mannering  (time, 
George  II.). 

Kitty,  one  of  the  servants  of  Mr. 
Peregrine  Lovel.  She  spoke  French 
like  a  native,  because  she  was  once  **a 
half-boarder  at  Chelsea.**  Being  asked 
if  she  had  read  Shakespeare :  "  Smkspur. 
Skikspur ! "  she  replied.  **  Who  wrote  it  7 
No,  I  never  read  that  book ;  but  I  promise 
to  read  it  over  one  afternoon  or  ouier.**-— 
Rev.  James  Townley,  High  Life  Behw 
Stairs  (1759). 

KUty^  younger  daughter  of  sir  David 
and  lady  Dunder  of  Dunder  Hall,  near 
Dover.  She  is  young,  wild,  and  of  ex- 
uberant spirits,  **her  mind  full  of  fun, 
her  eyes  full  of  fire,  her  bead  full  of 
novels,  and  her  heart  full  of  love.** 
Kitty  fell  in  love  with  Random  at  Calais, 
and  agreed  to  elope  with  him,  but  the 
fugitives  were  detected  by  sir  David 
during  their  preparations  tor  flight,  and, 
to  prevent  scandal,  the  marriage  was 
sanctioned  by  the  parents,  and  duly 
solemnized  at  Dunder  Hall.---G.  Colman, 
Waya  and  Means  (1788). 

Kitty  Pry,  the  waiting-maid  of 
Melissa*  Yery  impertinent,  very  in- 
quisitive, and  very  free  in  her  tongue. 


KLAU9. 

She  has  a  partiality  to  Timothy  Sharp 
**  the  lying  valet.**-<aacEick,  2i$  Lying 
Valet  rt 741). 

Kitty  WUUb,  a  "soiled dove,**  em- 
ployed oy  Saville  to  attend  a  masquerade 
in  the  same  costume  as  ladr  Francis,  in 
order  to  dupe  Courtall. — Mn.  Cowley, 
Thi  Bellas  Stratagem  (1780). 

Klabot'ennanii,  a  ship-kobold  of 
the  Baltic,  sometimes  heard,  but  rarely 
seen.  Those  who  have  seen  him  say  be 
sits  on  Uie  bowsprit  of  a  phantom  riiip 
called  Carmilhany  dressed  in  yellow,  wear- 
ing a  night-cap,  and  smoking  a  cutty  pipe. 

Kite  (JToiiwr),  a  nickname  given  t* 
Napoleon  1.  (1768,  1804-1814,  llSg. 


Bflrtiiiillld.«i 

Hort  «at  lek  vwMBm  wUt 
Van  d«D  frOMi  kaber  KOkt, 
D»t  «tr  nal ««  iswi  Bta^ 
IMvaaKofslkalMrMa 
Wan  da  writ  nal  radii 


HriwiadtJ— alarh 

NndaBrflUalA 

Kll*  srit  mh  «r  op  de  Jasi 

DrBmt  nicb  OMhr  roa  knigf  «i 

Ua  bat  IM  Bill  Uafavil 

Scblalt  ba  BAUaodNkI  odTa  BO. 


iri<ma  ^hctorV  hero  and  title  of  a 
comedv  by  Herr  Adolph  TArronge  (1878;. 
Dr.  Klaus  is  a  ffruff,  but  noble-minded 
and  kind-hearted  man,  whose  niece  (a 
rich  jeweller's  dauf^ter)  has  married  a 
poor  nobleman  of  such  extravagant 
notions  that  the  wife*8  property  is  soon 
dissipated;  but  the  young  spendthrift  ia 
reformed.  The  doctor  has  a  coachman, 
who  invades  his  master's  province,  and 
undertakes  to  cure  a  sick  pcauanU 

Klaus  (Peter),  the  TOototv|>e  of  Rip 
van  Winkle.  Klaus  [Klows]  is  a  goat- 
herd of  Sittendorf,  who  was  one  day 
accosted  by  a  young  man,  who  beckoneid 
him  to  follow.  Peter  obeyed,  and  was 
led  into  a  deep  dell,  where  he  fo«nd  twehra 
knights  playing  skittles,  no  one  of  whom 
uttered  a  word.  Gazing  around,  ha 
noticed  a  can  of  wine,  and,  drinking  somtt 
of  its  contents,  was  overpowered  with 
sleep.  When  he  awoke,  he  was  amazed 
at  tne  height  of  the  grass,  and  when  ha 
entered  the  village  everything  seemed 
strange  to  him.  One  or  two  companiona 
encountered  him,  but  those  whom  ha 
knew  as  boys  were  grown  middlc^-aged 
men.  and  those  whom  ne  knew  a»  middle* 
aged  were  grey-beards.  After  much 
perplexity,  he  discovered  he  had  been 
asleep  for  twenty  years.  (See  Slkbpkrs.) 

Tour  KatmmkMi,  roar  aoainolant  PaCar 


KLEINER. 


Bit 


KNIGHT  09  THE  SWAN. 


Kleilier  (O^nerai),  governor  of 
?ta|^  bracre  as  a  boo,  but  tender- 
beutea  as  a  eirl.  It  was  Kleiner  who 
RKoed  the  innnt  daiufbter  of  Mahldenaa 
at  the  siege  of  Magdeburg.  A  soldiof 
Bond  the  infant's  nurse,  but  EJeiner 
sBiote  him  down,  ssred  the  child,  and 
broufat  it  up  as  his  own  daus^ter. 
MahMenaa  bemg  imprisoned  in  Fragne 
as  a  spy,  Meeta  bis  daughter  came  to 
Pngiie  to  beg  for  bis  pardon,  and  it  then 
cuae  to  li^t  that  the  governor's  adopted 
dsneliter  was  Meeta's  sister. — S.  Knowles, 
He  Maid  of  Mariendorpt  (1888). 

Kna^  {Mw)f  forewoman  ef  Ifde* 
Haatsliin,  milliner,  near  Cavendish 
Sqnaie,  London.  After  doting  on  Kale 
KieUeby  tor  three  whole  days^  this  spite- 
M  walMiJ  makes  vp  her  mind  to  Date 
kcr  li»r  erer. — C.  DIekens,  JfioMas 
ruikleb^  xriiL  (1838). 

Knldttarbooker  (7>Mdho^,  mm  dh 
of  Washington  Irving,  in  hia 
of  New  Tor?  (1800). 


Kniglit  oi  Arte  and  Indtuitry, 
the  hero  of  Thomson's  Castk  cf  AdoUtnos 
(eaatoiL  7-13,  1748). 

Knight  of  lia  ICancha,  don 
Qnixote  de  la  Hancha.  the  hero  of 
Cermtes's  novel  eallea  Don  Quixote^ 
ifc.  (ie05,  1615). 

Knight  of  the  Blade,  a  bully  ^  so 
called  beeanse  when  swords  were  worn,  a 
bafiy  was  for  ever  aaseortra^  his  opinions 
by  an  sppcal  to  his  swoid^ 

Knight  of  the  Sbon  Spear,  Bri- 
tfisMit.  In  the  great  tournament  she 
"sends  six  Aitegal  over  his  hone's  tail," 
OcB  dispoMw  of  Carabel,  Tri'amoBd, 
Blan'damour,  and  several  others  in  the 
■SBM  snmnuuT  way,  for  "  no  man  could 
kids  her  eaehanted  spear."— Spenaer, 
Uay  Qmem^  iv.  4  (1696). 

Knight  of  the  Patal  Bword, 
EaedOms  of  Grana'da.    Known  for  his 
knre  to  dw  incomparabla  Alzay'da. 
*%.*■!«  Ilw  Wjr.  "MW  DMM  b  M  oaWmlai  in  a* 
U.  tel  I  an  fwmmAtA  moMm  h  ImpoMlbla  for  row 


Knight  ofthe  Invincible  Sword. 
So  Airadis  da  Gaal  styled  himself. — 
Tssos  de  Lnbeica,  Amadii  de  Qaul  (f  our- 
tecnth  centuy). 

Knifldit  of  the  Ijeopard.  David 
esrl  ef  Hontingdon,  prinoe  loyid  of  Scot> 
Isod,  aasamed  the  nam*  and  diegnise  of 


sir  Kenneth,  **  Knight  of  the  Leopard,** 
in  the  crusade.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  TcUi^ 
man  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Knight  of  the  Idons,  the  appella- 
tion assumed  by  don  Quixote  after  his 
attack  upon  the  van  containing  two  lions 
sent  by  the  general  of  Oran  as  a  present 
to  the  king  of  Spain. — Orvantctf,  Don 
Quixote,  II.  i.  17  (1615). 

Knight  of  tko  Pestle,  aa  apothe- 
cary or  druggist. 

Knight  of  the  Post,  one  who 
hauntedtiie  pnrliens  of  the  courts,  ready 
to  be  hired  to  swear  anything.  So  called 
because  these  mercenanes  hung  about  the 
posts  to  which  the  sheriifs  jJnzed  their 
announcements. 
rDb»MiHii^«rttM 

Ikcf  $U  ta^  UwtaBm  b« 


to  mO  i^f  knI  ftr  A  Mto; 
■i.7H  I  teora  tib»  dtwrtw^ 


Also  a  man  in  the  pillor}',  or  one  thai 
has  been  publicly  tied  to  a  post  and 
whipped. 

Knight  of  the  Bainbow,  a  foot- 
man ;  so  called  from  his  gorgeous  lai- 
meot. 

Knight  of  the  Boads,  •  foot-pad 
or  highwayman ;  so  termed  W  nwm  on 
the  military  order  entitled  **  The  Knighta 
of  Bhodea.^ 

Knight  ofthe  BueAil  Connten- 
anoe.  Don  Quixote  de  la  Mancha,  the 
hero  of  Cervantes's  novel,  is  so  called  by 
Sancbo  Phnaa  his  'squiie. 

Knight  of  the  Shears,  n  tailor. 
Shires  (counties),  pronounced  ihears,  givei 
birth  to  the  pun. 

Knight  of  the  Son,  Almansor 
prince  of  Tunis.  So  called  because  the 
nm  was  the  device  he  bore  on  his  shield* 
— Coratesse  D'Aunoy,  Fctiry  Tale*  ("Prin- 
Zamea,"  1682). 


SZnig^t  of  the  S^^an,  Lohengrin, 
son  of  ParuvaL  He  went  to  Brabant 
in  a  ship  drawn  by  a  swan.  Hero  he 
liberated  the  princess  Elsea,  who  was  a 
captive,  and  then  married  her,  but  de- 
elijied  to  tell  his  name.  After  a  time,  he 
joined  an  expedition  against  the  Hun- 
garians, and  after  performing  miracles  of 
valour,  returned  to  Brabant  covered  with 
glory.  Some  of  Elsen's  friends  laughed 
at  her  for  not  knowin^^  her  husband's 
name,  so  she  implored  him  to  tell  her  of 
his  family ;  but  no  sooner  was  the  ques- 
tion asked  than  the  white  swan  re-ap- 
pcared    and    conveyed    him    away. — 


KNIGHT  OF  THE  TOMB.  528    KNIGHTS  OF  OUR  LADY,  ETa 


Wolfram  von  Escbenbach  (a  minnesinger), 
Lohengrm  (thirteeenth  century).  (See 
KifioHTS  OP  THB  Swan.) 

Kni^t  of  the  Tomb  (7^),  sir 
James  Douglas,  usually  called  "The 
Black  Douglas.^'— Sir  W.  Scott,  Cattie 
Dangerous  (time,  Henry  I.). 

Knight  of  the  Whip,  a  eoech- 
man. 

Knight  of  the  White  Moon, 
the  title  assumed  by  Samson  Canasco, 
when  he  tilted  with  don  Quixote,  on  the 
condition  that  if  the  don  were  worsted  in 
the  encounter  he  should  quit  knight- 
errantry  and  live  peaceably  at  home  for 
twelve  months. — Cer\'antes,  Don  (^uupoto, 
11.  iv.  12-14  (1616). 

Knight  of  the  WoeAil  Coun- 
tenance, don  Quixote  de  la  Mancha. 

Knight    with    Two    Swords, 

sir  Balin  U  Savage^  brother  of  sir  Balan. 
—Sir  T.  Malory,  History  of  Prince 
Arthur,  i.  27,  8S  (1470). 

Elnights.  The  three  bravest  of 
king  Arthur*s  knights  were  sir  Launcelot 
du  Lac,  sir  Tristram  de  Lion^  or 
Lyon(*-s,  and  sir  Lamorake  de  Galis  (t.^. 
Wale«).— Sir  T.  Malory,  History  of 
Prince  AHhur,  i.  182  (1470). 

*^*  The  complement  of  the  knights  of 
the  Round  Table  was  150  {ditto,  u  120). 
But  in  Lancelot  of  the  LcMe,  ii.  81,  they 
are  said  to  have  amounted  to  250. 

Knights  ('Prentice),  a  secret  society 
established  to  avenge  the  wrongs  of  ap- 
prentices on  their  **  tyrant  masters.*'  l»r. 
Sim  Tappertit  was  captain  of  this  '*  noble 
association,"  and  their  meeting  were  held 
in  a  cellar  in  Stagg*s  house,  in  the  Bar- 
bican. The  name  was  afterwards  changed 
into  "The  United  Bull-dogs,"  and  the 
members  joined  the  anti-popery  rout  of 
lord  George  Gordon. — C.  Dickens,  Bamaby 
Mudge,  vui.  (1841). 

Knights  of  Alcan'tara,  a  mili- 
tary order  of  Spain,  which  took  its  name 
from  the  city  of  Alcantara,  in  Estrema- 
dura.  These  knights  were  previously 
caUed  **  Knights  of  the  Pear  Tree,"  and 
subsequently  "Knights  of  St.  Julian.** 
The  order  was  founded  in  1156  for  th« 
defence  of  Estremadura  against  the 
Moors.  In  1197  pope  Celestine  HI. 
raised  it  to  the  rank  of  a  religious  order 
of  knighthood. 

Knights  of  Calatra'va,  a  mili- 
tuy  order  of  Spain,  instituted  by  Sancho 


III.  of  Castile.  When  Sancho  took  the 
strong  fort  of  Calatrava  from  the  Moors, 
he  gave  it  to  the  Knights  Templars,  who, 
wanting  courage  to  defend  it,  returned  it 
to  the  kin^  again.  Then  don  Reymond 
of  the  Cistercian  order,  with  seveial 
cavelleros  of  quality,  volunteered  to 
defend  the  fort,  whereupon  the  king 
constituted  them  "  Kni^ts  of  Gabi- 
trava." 

Knights  of  Christian  Charitj-, 
instituted  by  Henri  III.  of  France,  for 
Uie  benefit  of  poor  military  officers  and 
maimed  soldiers.  This  order  was  founded 
at  the  same  time  as  that  of  the  '*  Holy 
Ghost,"  which  was  meant  for  princes  and 
men  of  distinction.  The  order  was  com- 
pleted by  Henri  lY.,  and  resembled  oar 
*'  Poor  Knights  of  Windsor,"  now  called 
<*  The  Military  Knights  of  Windsor.** 

Knights  of  Malta,  otherwise  called 
**  Hospitallers  of  St.  John  of  Jemsalem,** 
a  reli^ous  military  order,  whose  reside&c* 
was  in  the  island  of  Malta.  Some  time 
before  the  journey  of  Godfrey  of  Bouil- 
lon into  the  Holy  Land,  some  Neapolitan 
merchants  built  a  house  for  those  of  tiieir 
countrymen  who  came  thither  on  pil- 
grimage. Afterwards  thev  built  a 
church  to  St.  John,  and  an  hospital  for 
the  sick,  whoice  they  took  the  name  <^ 
**  Hospitallers."  In  1 104  the  order  became 
military,  and  dianged  the  term  '*  Hos- 
pitallers "  into  that  of  **  Knights  Hos- 
pitallers." In  1810  they  took  Rhodes,  and 
the  order  was  then  called  **The  Knisdita 
of  Rhodes."  In  1528  thev  were  exp^ed 
from  Rhodes  \>j  the  Turks,  and  took  up 
their  residence  m  Malta. 

Knights  of  Montesa,  a  Spanish 
order  oi  knighthood,  instituted  by  James 
II.  of  Aragon  in  1817. 

Knights  of  Ifova  Bootia,  in  the 
West  Indies,  ciMted  by  James  I.  of 
Great  Britain.  These  kni^ts  wore  a 
ribbon  of  an  orange  tawny  colour. 

Knights  of  Our  Iiady  of 
Mount  Carmel  {ChewxUers  de  TOrdrt 
de  Noire  Dame  du  mont  Carmel),  insti- 
tuted by  Henri  lY.  of  France  m  1607, 
and  consisting  of  a  hundred  French 
gentlemen. 

N.B. — ^These  kniriits  mnst  not  be  con- 
founded with  the  Uarmelites  or  VOrdrm 
des  Carmes^  founded  bv  Bertholde  counv 
of  Limogesin  1156 ;  said  by  legend  to  have 
been  founded  by  the  prophet  Elijah,  and 
to  have  been  revived  by  toe  Yizgin  Mary. 


KKI6HTS  OF  RHODES. 


528    KNIGHTS  OF  THE  BROOM,  KTa 


The  religion  houM  of  Carmel  was  founded 
in  400  by  John  patriiurch  of  Jenisaleni, 
io  bonovr  of  Elijah,  and  this  gave  rise  to 
die  legend. 

•gwiglit*  oF'p^>io#iftt  The*'Kn]|^ 
of  Malta**  were  so  called  between  1310 
and  1523.    (See  Kjiiohts  of  Malta.) 


_  its  of  St.  Andrew,  insti- 
tated  by  Peter  the  Great  of  Moscory,  in 
1G98.  Their  badge  is  a  gold  medal, 
hariag  St.  Andrew's  crpss  on  one  side, 
with  Sbese  words,  Cazar  Pierre  monaarqya 
4e  Umt  le  £u$tie, 

Knis^ts  of  St.  Oenette  (Cheva- 
Gtn  ikrOrdre  de  St,  Gtnette),  the  most 
sadeni  «der  of  kni^j^bthood  in  France, 
iastitiited  by  Charles  Martel,  after  his 
victory  orer  the  Saracens  in  782,  where  a 
Tsst  nnmber  idgetmeU^  like  Spanish  cats 
{cnet  oats),  were  foond  in  the  enemy's 
csoip. 

Knights  of  St.  Oeorge.  There 
are  serefal  orders  so  called : 

L  St.  George  of  Alfama,  founded  by 
te  kings  of  Aragon. 

1  Si.  Geoige  ot  Austria  and  Corinthia, 
iwHtated  by  the  emperor  Frederick  HI. 
fint  archduke  of  Austria. 

i.  Another  founded  by  the  same  em- 
peror in  1470,  to  guard  the  frontiers  of 
Bohemia  and  Hungaxy  against  the 
Tirks. 

4.  St.  George,  generally  called**  Knights 
if  the  Gaiter  **  (g.v.). 

6.  An  order  in  tiie  old   republic   of 


€.  The  Teutonic  knights  were  originally 
called  **  Knights  of  St.  George.** 

KnJ^tS  of  St.  Jago,  a  Spanish 
Older,  mstitatad  under  pope  Alexander 
III.,  the  grand-master  of  which  is  next 
in  ruk  to  the  sovereign.  St.  Jago  or 
James  (the  Greater)  is  the  patron  saint 
«<  Spain. 

Knights  of  St.  John  at  Jeru- 
■alem«  instituted  in  1120.  This  order 
took  its  name  from  Jclhn  patriarch  of 
Alexandria,  and  from  the  place  of  their 
abode  (JeritacUem),  These  knights  sub- 
MqacntiT  resided  at  Rhodes  (between 
1810  and  1528).  Being  driven  out  by  the 
Turks  in  1523,  they  took  up  their  abode 
IB  Malta,  and  were  called  **  Knights  of 


Knights  of  St.  loware  (2  syL), 
s  nli^(ious  and  military  order  of  Knights 
Uospttalkrs,  established  in  the  tw^fth 
eentiiry,  and  confirmed  by  the  pope  in 


1255.  Their  special  mission  was  to  take 
care  of  lepers.  The  name  is  derived 
from  Lazarus  the  beggar  who  lay  at  the 
gate  of  Divds.  The  order  was  intro- 
duced into  France  under  Louis  YIL,  and 
was  abolished  in  the  first  Revolution. 

Knights  of  St.  Magdalene  (8 
»ifi,),  a  French  order,  instituted  by  St. 
Louis  (IX.),  to  suppress  duels. 

EInights  of  St.  Maria  de  Mer- 
oede  (o  sylX  a  Spanish  order,  for  the 
redemption  of  captives. 

Knights  of  St.  Michael  the 
Archangel  (Chevalier t  de  fOrdre  de  St, 
MicheiY,  a  French  order,  instituted  by 
Louis  XI.  in  1469.  The  king  was  at  the 
head  of  the  order.  M.  Bonillet  says: 
**  St.  Michel  est  regard^  comme  le  pro- 
tectenr  et  Tange  tu^laire  de  la  France.** 

Knights  of  St.  Patrick,  instituted 
in  1788.  The  ruling  sovereign  of  Great 
Britain  and  Ireland,  and  the  lord-lieu- 
tenant of  Ireland,  are  ex-officio  membere 
of  this  order.  The  order  is  named  after 
St.  Patrick,  the  patron  saint  of  Ireland. 

Knights  of  St.  Salvador^  in 
Aimgon,  instituted  by  Alphonso  I.  in 
1118. 

Knights  of  Windsor,  formerly 
called^  Poor  Knights  of  Windsor,"  but 
now  entitled  **  The  Military  Kni^ts  of 
Windsor,**  a  body  of  military  pensioners, 
who  have  their  residence  within  the  pre- 
cincts of  Windsor  Castle. 

Knights  of  the  Bath,  an  order  of 
kni^tbood  derived  from  the  ancient 
Franks,  and  so  termed  because  the  mem- 
bers originally  ** bathed"  before  they 
perfonuMl  their  vigils.  The  last  knights 
created  in  this  ancient  form  were  at  the 
coronation  of  Charles  II.  in  1661. 

G.C.B.  stands  for  Grand  Cross  of  the 
Bath  (the  first  cUuis)  ;  K.C.B.  for  Knight 
Commander  of  the  Bath  (the  second 
class)  ;  and  C.B.  for  Companion  of  the 
Bath  (the  third  class). 

Knights  of  the  Blood  of  Our 
SavionTi  an  order  of  knighthood  in 
Mantua,  instituted  bv  duke  Vincent 
Gon^pga  in  1608,  on  nis  marriage.  It 
consisted  of  twenty  Ifantuan  dukes.  The 
name  originated  in  the  belief  that  in  St. 
Andrew's  Church,  Mantua,  certain  drops 
of  our  Saviour's  blood  are  preserved  as  a 
relic. 

Knights  of  the  Broom  Flower 

{Chevatters  de  POrdrede  la  Qeneste),  insti- 


K9IGHTS  OP  THB  CARPET.       184   KNICfflTS  OT  THE  POBCUPINB. 


tnted  by  St.  Lovb  (IX.)  of  Fnmce  oo 
bu  marfUge.  Tbe  coUar  was  decorated 
with  broom  flowers,  intemrixed  with 
Jleun  de  ly$  in  gold.  The  motto  was 
Exaltat  hanlles. 

Knights  of  the  Carpet  otCakpbt 
KxioHTS,  ».«.  noD-militarf  or  civil 
knights,  such  as  mayors,  lawyers,  authors, 
artists,  physicians,  and  so  on,  who  receive 
tiieir  knighthood  kneeling  on  a  carpet^ 
sad  not  in  the  tented  field. 

Knights  of  the  Chamber  or 
Chamrbr  Kiciohts,  knights  bachelors 
made  in  times  of  peace  m  the  presence 
choTnber^  and  not  in  the  camp.  Inese  are 
always  military  men,  and  therefore  differ 
from  **  Carpet  Knights,**  who  are  always 
civilians. 

Knights  of  the  Cook  and  Dog, 

founded    by   Philippa   I.,   AitguatA,    of 
France. 

Knights  of  the  Crescent,  a  mili- 
tary oroer,  instituted  Inr  Renatas  of  Anjoa, 
kii^  of  Sidlv,  etc.,  u  144a.  So  called 
from  the  badge,  which  is  a  onscent  of 
^old  enamelled.  What  gave  rise  to  thu 
institation  was  that  Renatns  took  for  his 
device  a  crescent,  with  the  word  hz 
("  praise  **),  which,  in  the  style  of  re6tis, 
makes  toz  m  crescent^  ue,  **  by  advancing 
in  virtue  one  merits  praise.** 

Knights  of  the  Dave,  a  Spanish 
order,  instituted  in  1379  by  John  I.  ol 
Castile. 

Knights  of  the  I>ra^i^  created 
by  the  emperor  Sigismond  in  1417,  up<Hi 
the  condemnation  of  Uuss  and  Jerome  of 
Prague  **  the  heretics.'* 

Knights  of  the  Ermine  {Cheva- 
Uen  de  rOrdre  de  CEpk),  instituted  in  1450 
by  Franpois  I.  due  de  Bretagne.  The 
collar  was  of  gold,  composed  of  eon  of 
oom  in  saltier,  at  the  end  of  which  hung 
an  ermine^  with  the  legend  h  ma  vie.  The 
order  expired  when  the  dukedom  was 
annexed  to  the  crown  of  France. 

Knights  of  the  €hurter,  insti- 
tuted bv  F>lward  III.  of  EngUnd  m  1844. 
According  to  Selden,  "it  exceeds  in 
majes^,  honour,  and  fame,  all  chivalrous 
orders  in  the  world.**  The  stor^  is  that 
Joan  countess  of  Salisbury,  while  danc- 
ing with  the  king,  let  fall  her  garter,  and 
the  gallant  Edward,  perceiving  a  smile 
on  the  face  of  the  courtiers,  picked  it  up, 
bound  it  round  his  own  knee,  and  ssc- 
daimrtd,  **Uoni  soit  qui  mal  y  pense.** 


The  bine  garter  and  the  motto  e<  tiM  order 
are  tiios  aocoonted  for. 

Benights  of  the  Gk>lden  Fleece, 
a  military  order  of  knighthood,  insti- 
tuted by  Philippe  h  Bim  al  Bnr|i;nBdy 
in  1429.  It  took  its  name  from  a  repre- 
sentation of  the  golden  fleece  on  tha 
collar  of  the  order.  The  king  of  Spain 
is  grand-master,  and  the  motto  is  Ante 
feret  quam  flamma  mioet, 

Kni^ts  of  the  (iolden  Shield, 
an  order  instituted  by  Loaisll.  of  Fiaaoe, 
for  the  defence  of  the  conntfy.  The 
motto  is  Ailons  (us.  **  Let  us  go  in  def«ica 
of  our  country  **)• 

Knights  of  the  Hare,  an  order  of 
twelve  knights,  instituted  by  Edward  Iir. 
while  he  was  in  France.  The  French 
raised  a  tremendous  shoot,  and  Edward 
thought  it  was  the  ery  of  battle,  hot  it 
was  occasioned  by  a  hare  running  be>- 
tween  the  two  armies.  From  this  in- 
cident the  knights  created  on  the  field 
after  this  batUe  were  termed  **  Knij[^t»  of 
the  Order  of  the  Hare.** 

Kniglits  of  the  Holy  CRioet 

{CheveJSfre de POrdte <ia SanUZsprii),  m^ 
stituted  by  Henri  III.  of  France  on  his 
return  fkom  Poland.  Henri  HI.  was  both 
bom  and  crowned  on  Whit-Sunday,  and 
hence  the  origin  of  tbe  order. 

Knights  of  the  Holy  Semilcdize, 

an  order  of  knighthood  founMd  by  St. 
Hel'ena,  when  ue  visited  Jenutaitm  at 
the  age  of  80,  and  found  (as  it  is  said) 
the  cross  on  which  Christ  wsa  crooified  in 
a  cavern  under  the  temple  of  Yeans,  a»i>« 
828.  lliis  order  was  confirmed  by  pope 
Pascal  II.  in  1114. 

Knights  of  the  Iiily,  an  order  of 
knighthood  in  Navane,  founded,  bgr 
Garcia  in  1048. 

SInights  of  the  Order  of  Fools, 

established  November,  1881,  and  con- 
tinued to  the  beginning  of  the  sixteenth 
century.  The  insignia  was  a  jester  or 
fool  embroidered  on  the  left  side  of  their 
manties,  cap  and  bells,  ^^ow  stockings, 
a  cup  of  fruit  in  the  right  hand,  and  a 
gold  kev  in  the  left.  U  resembled  the 
**  Oddfellows  *'  of  more  modem  times. 

EInights  of  the  Foroupina 
(CUetxMUert  de  rOrdre  dk  PorMc)^  a 
French  order  of  knu^tbood.  Ine 
ginal  motto  was  Gumimu  et 
changed  by  Louis  XIL  into  VitmM 
Trojm. 


KNIGHTS  OF  THE  BED  8TA)»T.   526 


KOH-I-NOOR. 


KnlghtB  ot  the  Bed  Staff,  an 
Older  iiutitated  by  Alfonso  XI.  of  Cas- 
tfle  and  Leon  in  1330. 

Knights  of  the  Bound  Table. 

Kin;  Amur's  knijghts  were  so  called, 
because  Ihey  sat  with  him  at  a  round 
table  made  by  Merlin  for  king  Leode- 
naonce.  This  king^ve  it  to  Arthur  on 
ail  marriage  with  Gninever,  his  daughter. 
It  contained  seats  for  150  knights,  TOO  of 
which  king  Leodegrannce  furmshed  When 
he  teat  the  tabk. 

Ilniffhts  of  the  Shell.  The  argo- 
naats  or  St.  Nicholas  were  so  called  from 
the  shells  worked  on  the  collar  of  the 
order. 

Knights  of  the  Ship,  an  order  of 
ka^riithood  fonnded  by  St.  Louis  (IX.) 
aC  fnuee  in  Us  <expeditioa  to  Egypt. 


KnlAts  of  the  Star  {Chevaliers 
4t^rwre  de  TEUiQe)^  an  ancient  order  of 
tirightfaood  in  France.  The  motto  of  the 
order  was  Movutrant  regHnu  asira  viam, 

Knis^ts  of  the  S'vran  {Chewdiors 
ieFQrm  €bt  Oyfne)^  an  order  of  kni^t- 
hood  founded  in  1443  by  the  elector 
Ftederick  II.  of  Brandenburg,  and  re- 
stored in  1843  by  Frederick  WilUam  TV. 
of  Prussia.  Its  object  is  the  relief  of  di«- 
toBM  generally.  The  king  of  Prussia  is 
gruid-master.  The  motto  is  Oott  mit 
m  ("  God  be  witii  ^ou  **)  ;  and  the  collar 
is  of  gold.  The  white  swan  is  the  badge 
of  the  honse  of  Cleves  (Westphalia). 

Lord  Bemers  has  a  novel  called  The 
K»igkt  of  the  Swan  (sixteenth  century). 

iTniglita  of  the  Thistle,  said  to 
be  fwnded  by  Ardiaicus  king  of  the  Scots 
in  309 ;  revived  in  1540  by  James  V.  of 
Scotland  ;  again  in  1687  by  James  II.  of 
Great  Britain ;  and  again  by  queen  Anne, 
who  placed  the  order  on  a  permanent 
footing.  The  decoration  consists  of  a 
eoUar  of  enamelled  gold,  composed  of 
sixteen  tliistles  interlaced  with  sprigs  of 
ne,  and  a  small  golden  image  of  St. 
Andrew  within  a  arde.  The  motto  is 
Semo  me  impune  lacessit.  The  members 
are  sometimes  called  '^Knights  of  St. 
Andrew.** 

The  rue  mixed  with  the  tlustles  is 
a  pan  on  the  word  **  Andrew,**  tfusUes 


*«*  There  was  at  one  time  a  Frendi 
''Older  of  the  Thistle **  in  the  house  of 
Bowbon,  with  the  same  decoration  and 


Kzd^hts  of  the  Virgin's  Iiook- 


ing-glass,  an  order  instituted  in  1410 
byTerdinand  of  Castile. 

Knights  Teutonic,  originally  called 
"  Knights  Of  St.  George,^  then  *•  Knights 
of  the  Virgin  Mary,"  and  lastly  "Teutonic 
Knights  of  the  Hospital  of  St.  Mary  the 
Virgin.*'  This  order  was  instituted  by 
Henry  king  of  Jerusalem,  in  compliment 
to  the  German  volunteers  who  accom- 
panied Frederick  Barbarossa  on  his  cru- 
sade. The  knights  were  soon  afterwards 
placed  under  the  tutelage  of  the  Virgin, 
to  whom  a  hospital  had  been  dedicated 
for  the  relief  of  German  pilgrims ;  and 
in  1191  pope  Celestine'IU.  confirmed  the 
|>rivil^^,  and  changed  the  name  of  the 
order  into  the  "Teutonic  Knights,'*  ate. 
Abolished  by  Napoleon  in  1809. 

Knighton,  groom  of  the  duke  of 
Ihickin^am.--Sir  W.  Scott,  F<trimn9$  of 
Nigel  (time,  James  I.). 

Knook^^lnnook  {Sgbiiy,  wife  of  wr 
Richard  of  the  Redhand,  and  mother  of 
Malcolm  Misbegot— Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Antiquary  (time,  Gteorge  HI.). 

Kno'W.  Nat  to  know  me  argues  your- 
selves  unfmown.  The  words  of  Satan  to 
Zephon  and  Ithu'riSl,  when  they  dis- 
••Mvered  him  lurking  in  the  garden  of 
Eden.— Milton,  Faradise  Lost^  iv.  880 
(1«66). 

Kochla'nl,  a  race  of  Arabian  horses, 
whose  genealogy  for  2000  years  has  been 
most  strictly  preserved.  They  are  derived 
from  Solomon's  studs.  This  race  of  horses 
can  beur  Uiu  greatest  tatiguc,  can  pa»ti  unyd 
without  focKl,  show  undaunted  counm:e 
in  battle,  and  when  their  riders  are  slain 
will  oar^  them  from  the  field  to  a  place 
of  safety. — Niebuhr. 

(The  Kadischi  is  another  celebrated  race 
of  horses,  but  not  equal  to  the  Kochlani,) 

Koh-i-noor  ("  nwuntain  of  light  **),  a 
diamond  once  called  "The  Great  Mogul.** 
Held  in  the  fourteenth  century  by  the 
rajah  of  Malwa.  LAter  it  fell  into  the 
huids  of  the  sultans  of  Delhi,  after  their 
conquest  of  Malwa.  It  belonged  in  the 
seventeenth  century  to  Aurungzebe  the 
Great.  The  schah  Jihan  sent  it  to 
Hortossio  Boigio  to  be  out,  but  the 
Venetian  lapidary  reduced  it  from  798 1 
carats  to  186,  and  left  it  dull  and  lustre- 
less. It  next  passed  into  the  hands  of 
Aurungzebe's  great-grandson,  who  hid  it 
in  his  turban.  Nadir  Schah  invited  the 
possessor  to  a  feast,  and  insisted  on 
changing  turbans,  "  to  cement  their  love,*' 


KOHLHAAS. 


6^6 


KUDRUN. 


and  tlius  it  fell  into  Nadir's  hands,  who 
gave  it  the  name  of  "  Koh-i-noor.'*  Itnext 
passed  into  tiie  hands  of  Ahmed  Shah, 
founder  of  the  Cabikl  dynasty ;  was  ex- 
torted from  shah  Shuja  by  Ronjet  Singh, 
who  wore  it  set  in  a  bracelet.  After  the 
murder  of  Shu  Singh,  it  was  deposited  in 
the  Lahore  treasury,  and  after  the  annex- 
ation of  the  Punjaub  was  presented  to 
queen  Victoria  in  1860.  It  nas  been  re- 
cut,  and,  though  reduced  to  106  carats,  is 
supposed  to  be  worth  £140^000. 

*«*  There  is  another  diamond  of  the 
same  name  belonging  to  the  shah  of 
Persia. 

Kohlhaas  (Michael),  an  excellent 
historical  novel  of  the  Lutheran  period, 
by  Henry  Kleist,  a  German  (1776-1811). 

KolaOy  the  wild  man  of  Misamichis. 
He  had  a  son  who  died  in  early  youth,  and 
he  went  to  Pat-Koot-Parout  to  crave  his 
son's  restoration  to  life.  Pat-Koot-Parout 
put  the  soul  of  the  dead  body  in  a  leather 
bag,  which  he  fastened  with  packthread, 
and  hung  round  the  neck  of  Kolao,  telling 
him  to  lay  the  body  in  a  new  hut,  put  the 
bag  near  the  mouth,  and  so  let  the  soul 
return  to  it,  but  on  no  account  to  open 
the  bag  before  everything  was  ready. 
Kolao  placed  the  bag  in  his  wife's  hands 
while  he  built  the  hut,  strictly  enjoining 
her  not  to  open  it;  but  curiosity  led  her 
to  open  the  bag,  and  out  flew  the  soul  to 
the  country  of  Pat-Koot-Parout  again. — 
T.  S.  Gueulette,  Chinese  Taies  ("Kolao, 
the  WUd  Man,"  1723). 

♦^*  Orpheus,  having  lost  his  wife 
EurydlcS  by  the  bite  of  a  serpent, 
obtained  permission  of  Pluto  for  her 
restoration,  provided  he  looked  not  back 
till  he  reached  the  upper  world.  He  had 
got  to  the  end  of  his  journey  when  he 
turned  round  to  see  if  Pluto  had  kept 
his  word.  As  he  turned  he  just  caught 
sight  of  Eurydice,  who  waa  instaatly 
caught  back  again  to  the  infernal  regions. 

Koppenberg,  the  mountain  of  West- 
phalia to  which  &e  pied  piper  (Bunting) 
led  the  children,  when  the  people  of 
Hamelin  refused  to  pay  him  for  killing 
their  rats. 

♦^*  The  Old  Man  of  the  Mountain  led 
the  children  of  Lorch  into  the  Tannenberg, 
for  a  similar  offence. 

Elorigans  or  KorriaanSj  nine  fays  of 
Brittany,  who  can  preofict  future  events, 
assume  any  diape,  and  move  from  place 
to  place  as  quick  as  thought.  They  do 
not  exceed  two  feet  in  height,  sing  like 


S3rren8,  and  comb  their  long  hair  like 
mermaids.  They  haunt  fountains,  flee 
at  the  sound  of  bells,  and  their  breath  it 
deadly. — BreUm  Mythoiogy, 

Kosciusko  (Thaddcnu),  the  Polish 
general,  who  contended  agamst  the  allied 
army  of  Russia  under  the  command  of 
Suwarrow,  in  1794.  He  was  taken 
prisoner  and  sent  to  Russia,  but  in  1796 
was  set  at  liberty  by  the  czar. 


Bom  for  m  wumm  bade  the  woM 

And  FrBedmn  thrieked-M  KoKhfaako  I 

OunplMll.  Ptmmrm^  Hope,  L  {Om. 

irTH>.Va^ma.1,  the  Danish  death-Mng. 

Kriemhild  [Kreem,hiid],  dsiughter  of 
Dancrat,  and  sistor  of  GOnther  kin£  of 
Burgundy.  She  first  married  Siegmed 
king  of  the  Netherlanders,  who  waa  mur- 
dered by  Hagan.  Thirteen  yean  after- 
wards, she  married  Etzel  {Attita)  king  of 
the  Huns.  Some  time  after  her  marriage, 
she  invitod  Gdnther,  Hagan,  and  others  to 
visit  her,  and  Hagan  slew  Etzd's  young 
son.  Kriemhild  now  became  a  perfect 
fury,  and  cutoff  the  head  of  both  GOnther 
and  Hagan  with  her  own  hand,  but  was 
herself  slain  by  Hildebrand.  Till  the 
death  of  Siegfried,  Kriemhild  was  gentle^ 
modest,  and  lovable,  but  afterwards  she 
became  vindictive,  bold,  and  hateful. — 
The  Nibdvngen  Lied  (by  the  Gennaa 
minnesingers,  1210). 

Krook,  proprietor  of  a  rag  and  bone 
warehouse,  where  everything  seems  to  be 
bought  and  nothing  sold.  He  b  a 
grasping  drunkard,  who  eventually  diee 
of  spontaneous  combustion.  Krook  is 
always  attended  by  a  large  cat,  which  he 
calls  '*Lady  Jane,"  as  uncanny  as  her 
master.— C.  Dickens,  Bleak  Ncnae  (1852). 

Kruita'ner,  or  the  "  Gorman^s  Tale," 
in  Miss  H.  Lee's  CoHteHmry  Taies,  Lord 
Byron  founded  Ida  tragedy  of  Wemer  on 
this  tale. 

no  drauft  [qf  Wenur]  h  taken  entlrdir  horn  Iks 
*•  Oerman'i  Tnle  "  ( Kruiumrl  poblUMd  In  Ue's  Oki«ecr> 
Huy  ra/M,  written  bjr  tvo  liilen  .  .  .  I  tw 
the  cbnncten.  plan,  and  even  Uie  Inngaafle  of  i 
of  the  atoty.— Lofd  Bjrron,  Pr^mee  to  Wemmr  (183S). 


Kubla  Khan.  Coleridge  says  thai 
he  composed  the  poem  in  a  dream  ina- 
mediately  after  reading  in  Purchas's 
Pilarimage  a  description  of  the  Kbaa 
Kubla's  palace,  and  he  wrote  it  down  on 
awaking  in  its  present  fragmentary  state. 

Kudrun,  called  the  German  Odyssey 
(thirteenth  century) ;  divided  into  three 
parts  called  Hagen,  Hilde  (2  «yi.),  and 
Kudrun — same  as  Gndruu  (j.  v,). 


KWASIND. 


527 


LACKITT. 


ffagm  is  the  son  of  Siegebrand  king  of 
IzUmd,  and  is  carried  off  by  a  griffin  to 
a  distant  island,  where  three  princesses 
take  diaige  of  him.  In  due  time  a  ship 
teaches  on  the  island,  takes  all  the  four 
to  Irland,  and  Hagen  marries  Hilda,  the 
joonrat  of  the  three  sisters. 

Biidcu  In  due  time  Hilda  has  a 
dan^bter,  who  is  called  by  the  same  name, 
siui  at  a  marriageable  age  she  becomes 
the  wife  of  Hedelking  of  Friesland. 

Kmlntn.  Hilda  has  two  children, 
Otweia  {Ot,vmc]  a  son,  and  Kudrun  a 
daaghter.  Kudrun  is  affianced  to  Her- 
wig,  bat,  while  preparing  the  wedding 
drcMes,  is  carried  off  by  Hartmut,  son  of 
Udwig  king  of  Normandy.  Her  father 
eoes  in  pursuit,  but  is  shun  by  Ludwig. 
Cta reaching  Normandy,  Gerlinde  (3  syL), 
the  queen-mother,  treats  Kudrun  with  the 
greitest  cruelty,  and  puts  her  to  the  most 
Bcniai  work,  b^use  she  refuses  to  marry 
her  son.  At  length,  succour  is  at  hand. 
Her  loTcr  and  brother  arrire  and  slay 
Lodwig.  Gerlinde  is  just  about  to  put 
Kcdran  to  death,  when  Watt  Long-beard 
rashes  in,  slays  the  oueen,  and  rescues 
Ksdran,  who  is  forthwith  married  to 
Herwig  her  affianced  lover. — ^Author 
■known  (some  of  the  minnesingers). 

Kwa'sind,  the   strongest   man  that 

erer  Uyed,  the  Hercul^  of  the  North 

American    Indians.     He  could  pull  up 

cedan  and  pines  by  the  roots,  and  toss 

hage  rocks  about  like  plajrthings.    His 

wondrons  strength  was   **8eatcd  in  his 

CBown,**  and  there  of  course  lay  his  point 

•(weakness,  but  the  only  weapon  which 

eoiikl  injure  him  was  the  "  blue  cone  of 

the  fir  tree,**  a  secret  known  only  to  the 

PJgnueflor  Little-folk.    This  mischievous 

ne^out  of  jealousy,  determined  to  kill 

the  strong  man,  and  one  day,  finding  him 

ttleep  in  a    boat,  pelted  him  with  flr 

cones  till  he  died ;  and  now,  whenever  the 

tnpest  ngea  through  the  forests,  and  the 

hnnehes  of  the  trees  creak  and  groan  and 

^at,  they  say  "  Kwacind  ia  gathering  in 

usfiie-wood.** 


r.  tooc  imto  Hbvmtba 
was  tiha  ymr  ilrgiig  man  KvMlad  t 
lb  tte  ■traacert  of  all  moniib. 

LoagfoOov.  MtmmUka,  vl.  and  xrlfl. 

Xyiie  £Iy8on  de  Montalbazi 
(Aa)  or  "don  Quirieleyson  de  Mon- 
wnn,"  brother  of  Thomas  de  Montalban, 
a  the  romana^  called  TtrouUe  te  Blanc, 
■ithor  unknowu. 

\*  I>r.  Warburton,  in  his  essay  on  the 
Md  romances,  falls  into  the  strange  error 
•(  calling   this   character    an    **eKrly 


romwice  of  chivalry."  As  well  mirfit  he 
^Claudius  king  of  Denmark  a  plav  of 
Shakespeare's,  instead  of  a  character  m 
the  tragedy  of  JIamtet, 

his  brother  Hioinac.  .  .  .  Thit  b  ooa  of  tfaa  moat 
•mwioK  books  aw  wiitton."— Carnuias.  itaJoii^^ 
1.1.SUWSJ.  »«««• -^^^wnii^  x>w»  Viitaou. 


I^Varum,  the  Imperial  standard 
earned  before  the  Roman  emperors  in 
war.  Constantine,  having  seen  aluminous 
cross  m  the  sky  the  n&ht  before  the 
battle  of  Saxa  Rubra,  added  the  sacred 
monoCTam  XP  (Chri9to8).~<iibhon,Deciina 
and  J'ail,  etc.^  xx.  note  (1788). 

R.  Browning  erroneously  calls  the  word 
Idba'man, 

^  .  iten vooM writa bb wlllln beavan. 
AaonoewhenalabiraaiwasnotdaaaMd  ^^ 
Tooma^tix  tba  old  foonder  of  Uiaaa  walls  [CSoMManfi- 

K.  BrawDliig,  AmiMlms,  0. 
Iiabe  (2  «y/.),  the  sorceress-queen  of 
the  Ishmd  of  Enchantments.  She  tried 
to  change  Beder,  the  young  king  of  Per- 
na,  into  a  halting,  one-eyed  hack  ;  but 
Beder  was  forewarned,  and  changed  LabS 
herself  into  a  mare.— i4ra6Ki»  NighU 
("  Beder  and  Giauharfi  **).  ^ 

Ijabe'rius,  a  Roman  writer  of  pant<»- 
mimes,  contemporary  with  Julius  Gesar. 

Laberlas  woold  be  always  sore  of  mora  foDowan  Uiaa 
8oi*ocMi.-J.  MaophanoB.  /KtMitoffon  <m  Omiin. 

Iia  Oreevy  {Miss),  a  litUc  talka- 
tiye,  bustling,  cheenr  miniature-painter. 
Simple-minded,  kind-hearted,  and  bright 
as  a  lark.  She  marries  Tim  Linkinwater, 
the  old  clerk  of  the  brothers  Cheeryble.— 
C.  Dickens,  Nichoias  NkkUby  (1838). 

liOokitt  {Widow),  the  widow  of  an 
Indian  planter.  This  rich  vulgar  widow 
foils  in  love  with  Charlotte  Weldon,  who 
assumes  the  dress  of  a  young  man  and 
calls  herself  Mr.  Weldon.  Charlotte 
even  marries  the  widow,  but  then  informs 
her  that  she  b  a  girl  in  male  apparel, 
engaged  to  Mr.  Stanmore.  The  widow 
consoles  herself  by  marrying  Jack  Stan- 
more.— lliomas  Southern,  Orwmoho 
(1696). 


LACY. 


628 


LADY  OF  LYONS. 


IiScy  ('Sir  Hugo  de),  constable  of 
Chester,  A  crusader. 

Sir  Damian  de  Lacy^  nephew  of  sir 
Hugo,    lie  marries  lady  Eveline. 

Randal  de  Lacy^  sir  Hugo's  cousin, 
hitroduced  in  several  disguises,  as  a 
merchant,  a  bawk-seller,  and  a  roT)ber- 
captain.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Betrothed 
(time,  Henry  IL). 

Iia'das,  Alexander's  messenger,  noted 
for  his  swiftness  of  foot. 

IiadislauB,  a  cynic,  whose  humour  is 
healthy  and  amusing. — Massinger,  The 
Picture  (1629). 

Iiadon,  tilie  dragon  or  hydra  that 
asssisted  the  Hesperid^  in  keeping 
watch  over  the  golden  apples  of  the 
Hesperian  grove. 

80  oft  th'  luianiiAble  drason  hatb  dept 

That  Um  gMiton'i  Imperfect  Ijr  watched  after  an. 

T.  Moora.  Iri4h  Mttcdits  (1S14). 

Xjadrone  Islands,  i.e,  "thieves' 
islands  ;  **  so  called  by  Ha^llan  in  1519, 
from  the  thieviah  disposition  of  the 
natives. 

lAdorlad,  the  father  of  Kail'yal  (2 
8yl,),  He  killed  Ar'valan  for  attempting 
to  dishonour  his  daughter,  and  thereby  in- 
curred the"  curae  of  Kriia'ma  "(Arvalan's 
fatiier).  The  curse  was  that  water  should 
not  wet  htm  nor  fire  consume  him,  that 
sleep  should  not  visit  him  nor  dealih 
release  him,  etc  After  enduring  a  time 
of  agony,  these  curses  turned  to  blessings. 
Thus,  when  his  daughter  was  exposed  to 
the  fire  of  the  burning  pagoda,  be  was 
enabled  to  rescue  her,  because  he  was 
"  charmed  from  fire."  When  her  lover 
was  carried  by  the  witch  Lorrimite  (3 
syl.)  to  the  city  of  Baly  under  the 
ocean,  he  was  able  to  deliver  the  captive, 
because  he  was  "charmed  from  water, 
the  serpent's  tooth,  and  all  beasts  of 
blood."  He  could  even  descend  too  the 
infernal  regions  to  crave  vengeance 
against  Kehama,  because  "he  was 
charmed  against  death."  When  Kehama 
drank  the  cup  of  "immortal  death," 
Ladurlad  was  taken  to  paradise. — 
Southey,  The  Curse  of  Kehama  (1809). 

Lady  {A),  authoress  of  A  Aeto  Sye- 
tcm  of  Domeattc  Cookery  (1SQ8),  is  Mrs. 
Rundell. 

Lady  (A) J  authoress  of  The  Diary  of 
an  Ennuy€e  (1826),  is  Mrs.  Anna  Jame- 
son. 

Several  other  authoresses  have  adopted 
the  same  signature,  as  Miss  Gunn  of 
Christchorch,    Coiwersatione   on    Church 


Polity  (1833) ;  Mrs.  Palmer,  A  Diaiogm 
in  the  Devonshire  Dialect  (1837)  ;  Miss  S. 
Fenimore  Cooper,  Rural  Moure  ri854)  j 
Julia  Ward,  Pasaion-fiowere^  eta,  (1854)  ; 
Miss  £.  M.  Sewell,  Amy  Herbert  (1865)  ; 
etc 

Lady  Boantifkll  (A).  The  benevo- 
lent ladr  of  a  village  is  so  called,  from 
"lady  Bonntifnl "  in  the  Beaux'  Strekagem^ 
by  Farquhar.    (See  Bountiful,  p.  125.) 

Iiady  Freemason,  the  Hon.  Miss 

Elizabeth  St.  Leger,  daughter  of  locd 
Doneiaile.  The  tale  is  tlutt,  in  order  to 
witness  the  proceedings  of  a  Freenukaen^s 
lodge,  she  hid  herself  in  an  empty  clock- 
case  when  the  lodge  was  held  in  her 
£a^er*s  house  ;  but,  being  discoveredf  ahe 
was  compelled  to  submit  to  initiatioa  aa 
a  member  of  the  craft. 

Iiady  Maf^istrate,  lady  Berkley^ 
made  justice  of  the  peace  for  Glooceeter- 
shire  by  queen  Mary.  She  sat  on  the 
bench  at  as8i7.es  and  sessions  girt  with  a 
sword. 

Ijady  Margaret,  mother  of  Henry 
Til.  She  founded  a  professorship  of 
divinity  in  the  University  of  Cambndge, 
1502;  and  a  preacherslup  in  both  uni- 
versities. 

Iiady  in  the  Saoqne.  The  app^ 
rition  of  this  hag  forms  the  story  of  the 
Tapestried  Chamoer,  by  sir  W.  Scott. 

Lady  of  ISngland,  Maud,  dangliter 
of  Henry  I.  The  title  of  Don^na  Angl^ 
mm  was  conferred  upon  her  by  the 
council  of  Winchester,  held  April  7, 
I141.--See  Rymer's  Foodera^  i.  (1708). 

Iiady  of  lorona  {The)^  Panlii» 
Deschappelles,  dao^hter  of  a  Lyoneae 
merchant.  She  rejected  the  suite  of 
Botuseant,  Glavia,  and  Claude  Melnotte, 
who  therefore  combined  on  vengeanee. 
To  this  end,  Claude,  who  was  «  gar- 
dener's son,  aided  by  the  other  twoi 
passed  himself  off  as  prince  ComOi 
married  Pauline,  and  brought  her  home 
to  his  mother's  cottage.  The  proud 
beauty  was  very  indignant,  and  Claude 
left  her  to  join  the  French  army,  la 
two  years  and  a  half  he  became  a  e^onei, 
and  returned  to  Lyons.  He  found  hia 
father-in-law  on  the  eve  of  bankruptcy, 
and  that  Beauseant  had  promised  to 
satisfy  the  creditors  if  Pauline  would  con- 
sent to  marry  him.  Pauline  wa^  heart- 
broken; Claude  revealed  himself,  paid 
the  money  required,  and  carried  home 


LADT  OF  MERCY 


529 


LADIES'  ROCK 


PMline  M  his  loving  and  true-bearted 
vife. — ^Lord  L.  B.  Lytton,  Lady  of  Lymu 
(1838). 

Lady  of  Mercy  {(hir)^  an  order  of 
knifffathood  in  SpMn,  instituted  in  1218 
bj  James  I.  of  Aragon,  for  the  deliver- 
ance of  Qiristian  captives  amongst  the 
Moon.  As  many  as  400  captives  were 
rescoed  in  six  years  by  these  knights. 

Lady  of  Shalott,  a  maiden  who 
died  for  love  of  sir  Lancelot  of  the  Lake. 
Tomyson  has  a  poem  so  entitled. 

•/The  story  of  Elaine,  "the  lilv 
■aid  of  Astoli^'*  in  Tennyson's  JdylU 
9f  ikt  Kmg,  is  snbstantiidly  the  same. 

Ladv  of  the  Bleeding  Heart, 
Elkn  Douglas.  The  cognizance  of  the 
DcN^as  family  is  a  "  bleeding  heart." — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Lady  of  the  Lake  (1810). 

Lady  of  the  Lake  (A),  a  harlot. 
(An^o-Saxon,  Idc^  **  a  present.")  A 
"guaea-fowl"  or  **  guinea-hen "  is  a 
UBilarterm. 


BMlorfhai 

Tvtst  vlv«  and  "  kdlM  of  I 

8.  Batitf,  MudUrm,  111.  1  (1878). 

Lady  of  the  Lake  (The),  Nimue  [sic], 

one  of  the  damsels  of  the  lake,  that  King 

FeUinore  took  to  his  court.    Merlin,  in 

kia  dotage,  fell  in  love  with  her,  when 

Alt  vhmlled  him  out  of  all  his  secrets, 

tad  enclosed  him  in  a  rock,  where  he 

died  (pt  L   60).     Subsequently,  Kimue 

■airied  sir  Pelleas  (pt.  L  81,  82).    (See 

■eztaxt) 

U  MB  m  Oam  it  lippMiwI  tbAt  IteUn  AemtA 
ItaHta  •  rock  rtiiUM  wm  a  gmt  maim,  and 
«(«l^  hr  •mdbmntaaant,  vlikk  wtnt  oadar  a  itop*. 
H\r*m  atbOm  craft  and  working.  *•  mwte  Merlin 
Si  mkg  tkat  •tone  .  .  .  and  m  wrmight  ibat  b*  never 
OMOTtapte.  So  *•  d«|Mrt«d.  and  kft  M«rlla.— Sir 
t  Ibkiy.  jnnwY  V  i'HMM  ^r(**(r.  L  SO  (1470). 


*«*  Tennyson,  in  his  IdylU  of  the  King 
("Merlin  uid  Vivien"),  makes  Vivien 
the  enchantress  who  wheedled  old  Merlin 
oat  of  his  s«crets ;  and  then,  "  in  a  hollow 
oak,"  she  shut  him  fast,  and  there  **be 
hiy  ss  dead,  and  lost  to  life,  and  use,  and 
name,  and  fame." 

This  seems  to  be  an  error.  At  any  rate, 
it  is  not  in  accordance  with  the  Mort 
d" Arthur  of  Caxton  renown. 

Lady  of  ike  Lake  ( The),  Nineve.  It  is 
Bot  evident  from  the  narrative  whether 
Kiuve  is  not  the  same  person  as  Nimue, 
•ad  that  one  of  the  two  (probably  the 
Ivter)  is  not  a  typographical  error. 


tfMfbfMtlaMek*LBanedotdarak«.-81rT.  Malory. 
JTMmv  ^ PHnet  Arthur.  IL  07  (1470). 

no  fMsti  that  andttground  tha  faflry  did  him  [Artkmr] 


om  (he  Liidr  cf  tba  Lake,  that  ma  alwajv  firtendlr 
■■*•  ktog  ArttMr,  andantood  bjr  her  lahtla  craft*  that 


Ui«AnhCT«Mtt*  to  hare  been  dastrofMl;  and  there- 
fa*  Me  Lrfjr  of  tka  Uka.  that  Ught  HbMre.  came  Into 


And  then  how  he  «4ofed  the  Ladf  of  the  Lake. 

Drajrton.  Potg9M<m,  It.  (ISIS). 

Lady  of  the  Lake  (The),  Vivienne  (3 
tyi,)  is  called  La  Dame  du  Lac,  and 
dwelt  eh  la  marche  de  la  petite  Bretaigne, 
She  stole  Lancelot  in  his  infancy,  and 
plunged  with  him  into  her  home  lake ; 
nence  was  Lancelot  called  du  Lac.  When 
her  proUfg^  was  grown  to  manhood,  she 
presented  him  to  aing  Arthur. 

Lady  of  the  Lake  (The),  Ellen  Douglas, 
once  a  favourite  of  king  James;  but 
when  her  father  fell  into  displace,  she 
retired  with  him  into  the  vicinity  of 
Loch  Katrine.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Lady  of 
the  Lake  (1810). 

Iiady  of  the  Iiake  and  Arthur's 
Sword.  The  Lady  of  the  Lake  gave  to 
kine  Arthur  the  sword  **  Excalibur." 
"  Well,"  said  she,  "  go  into  yonder  barge 
and  row  yonrself  to  the  sword,  and  take 
it."  So  Arthur  and  Merlin  came  to  the 
sword  that  a  hand  held  up,  and  took  it 
by  the  handles,  and  the  arm  and  hand 
went  under  the  lake  again  (pt.  L  23). 

This  Lady  of  the  Lake  asked  in  re- 
compense the  head  of  sir  Balin,  because 
he  bad  slain  her  brother;  but  the  king 
refused  the  request.  Then  said  Balin, 
*'  Evil  be  ye  found  !  Te  would  have  my 
head ;  therefore  ye  shall  lose  thine  own." 
So  saying,  with  his  sword  he  smote  off 
her  heeA  m  the  presence  of  king  Arthur. 
—Sir  T.  Malory,  Bietory  of  Prince 
Arthur,  i.  28  (1470). 

Iiachr  of  the  Meroians,  ^thelflaed 
or  El'nida,  daughter  of  king  Alfred. 
She  married  iEthelied  chief  of  that  por- 
tion of  Merda  not  claimed  by  the  Danes. 

Ijady  of  the  Sun.  Alice  Ferrers 
(or  Pierce),  a  mistress  of  Edward  III.  of 
England.  She  was  a  married  woman, 
and  had  been  lady  of  the  bed-chamber 
to  queen  Philippa.  Edward  lavished  on 
her  both  riches  and  honours ;  but  when 
the  king  was  dying,  she  stole  his  jewels, 
and  even  the  rings  from  his  fingers. 

Lady  with  a  iLamp,  Florence 
Nightingale  (1820-        ). 

On  England's  annab  .  .  . 

L Ladx  vtlba  Lamp  ihall itand  .  .  . 

A  noMe  tjpe  of  good. 

Heroie  womanhood. 

LongCeUoir,  SianCa /Vomfta 

Iiadies'  Bock,  Stirling  (ScotUnd) 

In  the  castle  hfll  Is  a  liollov  called  "The  VaOey."  com- 
prebendipg  about  an  acre.  ...  for  Jostlngi  and  toumap 
HMuta.  .  .  .  Uoeel)  wljuluing .  .  .  U  a  small  rocky  .  .  • 

2  u 


LAERTES. 


680 


LAELE  POETS. 


mount  altod"  The  LadW  HIU.*  when  tb*  fUronwof 
ttw  eoort  took  tbdr  itatlon  to  behoM  tbaM  fMts.-> 
Ntanmo.  SUtorp  9f  MrUngahir*,  S8S. 

Ijaer'teB  (8  syl,),  son  of  Polonins 
lord  chamberlain  of  Denmark,  and 
brother  of  Ophelia.  He  is  induced  by 
the  kins  to  challenge  Hamlet  to  a 
"friendly*'  duel,  bat  poisons  his  own 
rapier.  He  woands  Hamlet ;  and  in  the 
scuffle  which  ensnes,  the  combatants 
change  swords,  and  Hamlet  woands 
Laert^  so  that  both  die. — Shakespeare, 
Bamiet  (1596). 

Laer'tes  (8  «v'.),  a  Dane,  whose  life 
Gustavas  Yasa  had  spared  in  battle.  He 
becomes  the  trusty  attendant  of  Chris- 
ti'na,  dan^ter  of  the  king  of  Sweden, 
and  never  MOTes  ungrateful  to  the  noble 
Swede.  — H.  Brooke,  Chuimm  Vaaa 
(1730). 

Iiaer'tes'B  Son,  Ulysses. 

But  whoi  hta  Mrina  wfdi  moarnftal  magle  tall 
WiMt  dlTB  (Uftna  Uertte'  ko  bofiBU. 
no  ■tnama,  romndniiig  thro'  the  maa  cfwoa. 
Bid  MMvad  CTinpftthx  tho  heart  o'arflow. 

Fakoner,  Tk*  SUpmmok,  UL  1  (17B8). 

Ijafbu.  an  old  French  lord,  sent  to 
conduct  Bertram  count  of  Ronsillon  to 
the  king  of  France,  by  whom  he  was 
invited  to  the  royal  court. — Shakespeare, 
AlPa  Well  that  Ends  Well  (1698). 

Iiafontaine  (The  Danish),  Hans 
Christian  Andersen  (1805-1876). 

Ijafontaine  of  the  Vaudeville. 
So  C.  F.  Panard  is  called  (1691-1766). 

Ifa^^ado,  capital  of  Balnibarbi,  cele- 
bratea  for  its  mnd  school  of  projectors, 
where  the  scholars  have  a  technidd  edu- 
cation,  being  taught  to  make  pincushions 
from  softened  granite,  to  extract  from 
cucumbers  the  sunbeams  which  rip^ied 
them,  and  to  convert  ice  into  gunpowder. 
—Swift,  Gulliver's  Travels  (*^Voyage  to 
Lapu'ta,"  1726). 

Iia  Gh^an^e  and  his  friend  Dn 
Croisy  pay  their  addresses  to  two  young 
ladies  whose  heads  have  been  turned 
by  novels.  The  girls  think  their  man- 
ners too  natural  to  be  aristocratic,  so  the 
gentlemen  send  to  them  their  lackeys,  as 
"the  marquis  of  MascariUe"  and  **the 
viscount  of  Jodelet."  The  ^Is  are  de- 
lighted with  their  ** aristocratic  visitors;*' 
but  when  the  game  has  been  played  fiir 
enough,  the  masters  enter  and  unmask 
the  wole  trick.  By  this  means  the  girls 
are  taught  a  most  useful  lesson,  without 
fuffering  any  serious  ill  consequences. — 
lloli^,  Les  Pr€cicuses  Ridicules  (1659). 


Iiaider  {Iknaid),  one  of  the  prisoneri 
at  Portanferry.— Sir  W.  Scott>  Quy  M<m^ 
nering  (time,  George  II.). 

Iiaila  (2  syL)y  a  Moorish  maiden,  of 
great  beauty  and  purity,  who  loved 
Manuel,  a  youth  worthv  of  her.  TIm 
father  disapproved  of  tne  match ;  and 
they  eloped,  were  pursued,  and  overtaken 
near  a  precipice  on  the  UuiUlalhorc^  (4 
syL),    They  climbed  to  the  top  of  the 

firecipice,  and  the  ftitiier  bade  his  fol- 
owers  discharge  their  arrows  at  them. 
Lidla  and  Manuel,  seeing  death  to  be 
inevitable,  threw  themselves  from  the 
precipicoj  and  perished  in  the  fall.  It  ia 
from  this  incident  that  the  rock 
called  "The  Lovers*  Leap.** 

And  evory  M  oorWi  maid  can  tdl 
Whore  lidla  lies  who  loved  ao  veO ; 
And  erenr  youth  who  paHSi  then^ 
Sajr*  tor  lUnuel'f  wol  a  piwer. 
r.  Tha  Lotr^  Moek  (a  biilkd.  ITHl 


D»  fa  PaSia  4*  Im 

ZotZo,  daughter  of  Okba  the  sorcerer.  It 
was  decreed  that  either  Laila  or  Talaba 
must  die.  Talaba  refused  to  redeem 
his  own  life  by  killing  Laila ;  and  Okba 
exultingly  cri«l,  "As  uiou  hast  disobeyed 
the  voice  of  Allah,  God  hath  abandoned 
thee,  and  this  hour  is  mine.**  So  saprin^, 
he  rushed  on  the  youth ;  but  Laila,  mter- 
vening  to  protect  him,  received  the  blow, 
and  was  killed.  Talaba  lived  on,  and 
the  spirit  of  Laila^  in  the  form  of  a  green 
bird,  conducted  him  to  the  simorg  (^.9.). 
which  he  sou£[ht,  that  he  might  be  directed 
to  Dom-Damel,  the  cavern  "under  the 
roots  of  the  ocean.**- Soothey,  Thalaba  ihi 
Destroyer,  x.  (1797). 

lials  (2  ^/.),  a  generic  name  fbr  a 
courtezan,  ijals  was  a  Greek  hetiera, 
who  sold  her  favours  for  £200  English 
money.  When  Demosthenes  was  told 
the  amount  of  the  fee,  he  said  he  had 
"no  mind  to  buy  repentance  at  such  a 
price.**  One  of  her  great  admirers  was 
Diog'en^  the  cjmic. 

This  la  tho  eauaa 
That  Lak  iMMb  A  My*i  nia  rioA. 
a  Gaacwitn<w  Tha  8U9l€  Wat  (dlad  UBTV 

Ijake  Poets  (The),  Wordsworth, 
Southey,  and  Coleridge,  who  lived  about 
the  lakes  of  Cumberland.  According  to 
Mr.  Jeffrey,  Uie  conductor  of  the  jSHm" 
hwrgh  Revmo,  they  combined  the  senti- 
mentality of  Kousseau  vrith  the  simplicity 
of  Kotzebue  and  the  homeliness  of  Cow- 

Eer.    Of   the  same  school  were  Lamb, 
loyd,  and  Wilson.  Also  called  "Laken*' 
Und  "  Ukists.** 


LAKEDTON. 


681 


LAMIRA. 


Itakad'ion  (/moc),  the  narae  given 
m  Fnaee  to  the  Wandering  Jew  (9.0.). 

IiSlla  Bookh,  the  tnppoeed  daughter 
ol  Annoigiebe  emperor  of  DelhL  She 
was  betrothed  to  Allria  saltan  of  Lesser 
Buefaaria.  On  her  jonmey  from  Delhi 
to  Cashmere,  she  was  entertained  by 
Fer'amon,  a  Toonsr  Persian  poet,  with 
whom  die  fell  in  love,  and  anb<mnded 
was  her  delight  wh^a  ^e  discoveied  that 
the  young  ^>et  was  the  sultan  to  whom 
she  was  betrothed.— T.  Moore,  Lalia 
£ookh  (1817). 

Lambert  ((TtfiMro/),  parliamentary 
leader.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Woodstock  (time, 
Commonwealth). 

LimJbert  (^  John)^  the  dupe  of  Dr. 
Csatwell  "the  hypocrite.**  He  entertains 
him  as  his  gnei^  settles  on  him  £400  a 
jesr,  and  tries  to  make  his  dau^ter 
Quuiotte  marry  him,  although  he  is  69 
sod  she  is  under  20.  His  ejres  are  opened 
St  Icsgtii  by  the  mercenary  and  licentious 
conduct  of  the  doctor.  Lady  Lambert 
sssists  in  exposing  him,  but  old  lady 
Lambert  remains  to  the  last  a  believer 
IB  the  ^  saint.**  In  Molifere*B  comedy, 
"Orgoo**  takes  the  place  of  Lambert, 
<*Mde.  Pamelle**  of  the  old  ladv,  and 
"  Tartuffe  **  of  Dr.  CantweU. 

Ladv  Lnmbert,  the  gentle,  loving  wife 
of  sir  John.  By  a  stiat^^em,  she  convinces 
her  husband  of  Dr.  Cantwell*s  true  cha- 


CWows/  Lambert,  son  of  sir  John  and 
lady  Lambert.  He  assists  in  unmasking 
**  the  hypocrite.** 

ChartotU  Lambert,  daughter  of  sir  John 
and  lady  Lambert.  A  pi^tty,  bri^tgirl, 
somewhat  giddy  and  fond  of  teasing  her 
sweetheart  Damley  (see  act  i.  1). — I. 
BickerstafF,  The  Hypocrite  (1769). 

Laanboume  (Michaei),  a  retainer  of 
the  earl  of  Leicester.— ^r  W.  Soott, 
Heniiworth  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Lambro.  a  Greek  (Hnt&  father  of 
Haid^  (g.«.).— Byron,  Jkm  /mm,  uL  26, 
etc  (1820). 

nw  ■dTiiiIni  iif  iTiiilirn.  Trtmn  hii  nTT^trim 

»«f  PMiriac  hli  ova  4oar  vitlMwt  avricoins," 

I  of  that  svwt  cbad  "  pottntodw— 


*^*  Tikb  original  of  this  character  was 
Bujor  Lambro,  who  was  captain  (1791) 
of  a  Russian  piratical  squadron,  which 
plundered  the  islands  of  the  Greek 
Archipclaeo,  and  did  great  dama«:e.  When 
his  pqua4&nn  was  attacked  by  .seven 
Algerine   corsairs,    major  Lambro   was 


wounded,  but  escaped.     The  incidents 
referred  to  in  canto  vi.,  etc,  are  historical. 

Ijamderg  and  Oelohossa.  Gel- 
chossa  was  beloved  by  Lamderg  and 
Ullin  son  of  Cairbar.  Tlie  rivals  fought, 
and  Ullin  fell.  LamdeiSt  <^  bleemng 
with  wounds,  just  reached  Gelchossa  to 
announce  the  death  of  his  rivaL  and  ex- 
pired also.  **  Three  days  Gelchossa 
mourned,  and  then  the  hunters  found  her 
cold,**  and  all  three  were  buried  in  one 
grave. — Ossian,  Fmgal,  li, 

lMmB{TKe). 

Jehan  de  Meung,  called  **  Qojnnel,** 
because  he  was  lame  and  hobbled. 

Tyrtnus,  the  Greek  poet,  was  called  the 
lame  or  hobbling  poet,  because  he  intro- 
duced the  pentameter  verse  altcmatelv 
with  the  hexameter.  Thus  his  distich 
consisted  of  one  line  with  six  fert  and 
one  line  with  only  five. 

The  Lame  King,  Charles  11.  of  Naples, 
BoUeux  (1248,  1289-1809). 

iLamech's  Song.  "Ye  wives  of 
Lamech,  hearken  'unto  my  speech :  for  I 
have  slain  a  man  to  my  wounding,  and  a 
young  man  to  mv  hurt !  If  Cain  shall  be 
avenged  sevenfold,  trulv  Lamech  seventy 
and  sevenfold.'*— (7<m.  iv.  28,  24. 

Af  LwBech  sr«w  old.  bb  cgres  beeniiia  dim,  and  Snalljr 
aD  debt  «■•  takon  from  Uiom,  and  IVibalKaln.  bb  aoo, 
led  btai  bjr  tbo  band  wben  bo  walkod  abfoad.  And  tt 
came  to  pmm  .  .  .  ttial  bo  led  bb  Catbrr  into  tbo  Seids  to 
bant,  and  mid  to  bk  fiiUier :  " Lot  jrondar  la  a  bcart  of 

K:  ihoot  tblno  arrow  In  tbat  dlnrttoB."  Lanodi  dM 
b  ton  bad  fpokon,  and  tbo  anvw  »tnek  Gain,  who 
was  walkins  ate  oC  and  kfllod  bim.  .  .  .  Now  wfaoa 
Lemecb  .  .  .  mw  fafe]  Ukat  bo  bad  killed  Oibi.  bo 
tretuhkd  tcooilnmr.  .  .  .  and  bdng  blind,  bo  mm  not 
bb  KM.  bat  atnidc  tbo  lad's  boad  between  hb  bands,  and 
UUed  bIm.  .  .  .  And  bo  cried  to  hb  wlvm.  Ada  and 
ZUtah.  **  Lbtao  to  nqr  mleo,  y  whrm  of  Lemoeh.  ...  I 
have  data  a  man  to  mx  hurt,  and  a  chBd  to  nay  wooad* 
iagl'—Th*  Taimmd,  I 

Iiamin'aJc,  Basque  fairies,  little 
folk,  who  live  under  ground,  and  some- 
times come  into  houses  down  the  chimney, 
in  order  to  change  a  fairy  child  for  a 
human  one.  They  bring  good  luck  with 
them,  but  insist  on  great  cleanliness,  and 
always  give  their  orders  in  words  the 
very  opposite  of  their  intention.  Thev 
hate  church  bells.  Every  Basque  LamiAak 
is  named  GulUen  (WiUiam).    (See  Sat 

AND  MbAN.) 

Xiaminflrton,  a  follower  of  sir  Geoffrey 
Peveril.— iSr  W.  Scott,  Peveril  of  the  Peak 
(time,  Charles  II.). 

Ijaani'ra,  wife  of  Champemel,  and 
daughter  of  Vertaign^  (2  syl.)  a  noble- 
man and  a  judge  ~  -Beaumont  and  Flet- 
cher, The  Little  IreAch  Lawyer  (1647). 


LAMKIN. 


582 


LANCELOT. 


TiaTTiTriTi  {Mrf,  Alice),  comnuiion  to 
Mn.  Bethane  Bmliol.— Sir  W.  Scott,  I%e 
Highland  Widow  (time,  George  IL). 

Tiammaii.  At  UUter  Lammas,  nerer ; 
•qmrsleDt  to  SuetoniuVi  **  Greek  kalends.'* 

TatwwjTHti  a  blood-thirsty  builder, 
who  built  and  baptized  his  castle  with 
blood.  He  was  lone  a  nurserj  ogre,  like 
Lnnaford. — Scotch  Ballad, 

laammle  [Alfred),  a  <<macnre  yonng 
gentleman,  with  too  much  nose  on  his 
uce,  too  much  ginger  in  his  whisken, 
too  much  torso  in  his  waistcoat^  too  modi 
sparkle  in  his  studs,  his  eyes,  his  buttons, 
his  talk,  his  teeth.**  He  married  Miss 
Akershem,  thinking  she  had  money,  and 
she  married  him  under  the  same  de- 
lusion ;  and  the  two  kept  up  a  fine 
appearance  on  nothing  at  all.  Alfred 
LAmmle  had  many  schemes  for  making 
money :  cme  was  to  oust  Kokesmith  from 
his  post  of  secretary  to  Mr.  BoffiI^  and 
get  nis  wife  adopted  by  Mrs.  Boflin  in  the 
place  of  Bella  Wilfer;  but  Mr.  Boffin 
saw  through  the  scheme,  and  Lammle, 
with  his  wife,  retired  to  Uve  on  the  Con- 
tinent. In  public  they  appeared  very 
loving  and  amiable  to  each  other,  but  led 
1^  home  a  cat-and-dog  life. 

Sophronia  Latnmle,  wife  of  Alfred 
Lammle.  **  A  mature  young  lady,  with 
raven  locks,  and  complexion  that  lit  up 
well  when  well  powdered.** — C.  Dickens, 
Our  Mutual  Friend  (1864). 

Xiamoracke  (Sir),  Lambbookb,  La- 

MORAKE,    Lamorock,  or  Lamarbckb, 

one  of  the  knights  of  the  Round  Table,  and 

one  of  the  three  most  noted  for  deeds  of 

pmwefw.  The  oUier  two  were  sir  Launcelot 

and  sir  THMtnim.     Sir  Lamoracke*s  father 

was  kinff  Pellinore  of  Wales,  who  slew  king 

Lot.     His  brothers  were  sir  Aglavale  and 

sir  Percival ;  sir  Tor,  whose  mother  was 

the  wife  of  Aries  the  cowherd,  was  his 

half-brother  (pt.  ii.  108).    Sir  Lamoracke 

was  detected  by  the  sons  of  king  Lot  in 

adultery  with  their   mother,  and   they 

conspired  his  death. 

sir  Gawaln  mhI  hb  Uitm  bretfurvn.  ilr  Afmirain.  ilr 
GiMrla,  Mid  ■tr  Modred.  omC  bini  [Mr  Lmmeradu]  In  • 
priTT  plaee.  and  Uicrc  tboy  tlew  hU  bone;  th«n  ttiav 
roa^t  wltb  him  tm  foot  for  okmv  than  ttirea  boon,  boUi 
boibtv  bin  and  bdi>nd  hia  \mk.  and  allio  b«ved  blin  la 
pfooo.— Sir  T.  Malory.  BUt^nf  V  Primes  ArtKyr,  tt.  M4 

Roger  AfldwmMn:  "Tbe  wfaol*  pleawraoT  La  MorU 
ifArtkmt  •taudatb  In  two  vpecfcd  poxote* :  In  opeo  man- 
aiaucbtor  and  bold  bawdye.  In  wbkb  booke  Uiey  are 
CMiNtad  Um  noblait  knigbts  that  dne  kill  most  meo  with- 
out anx  qoanvU.  and  ouaiinit  foulest  adulberlai  hj  tuUeit 
AlfkM  i  M  Mr  Laonoalote  with  the  wife  of  king  Artbnr  hit 
■Hl«,  rir  n-taumm  wUh  Um  wife  of  king  Marka  hto 


and  rir 

•abb 


with  Um 


wife  •■    1 


laamoroe'  (2  tylX  a  woman  of  bad 
reputation,  who  inveigles  yonns  Miimbal 
into  her  house,  where  lie  would  have  been 
murdered  by  four  bravoes,  if  Orianay 
dressed  as  a  page,  had  not  been  by.— 
G.  Farquhar,  The  Jnconetant  (1702). 

Iiamourette'B  Kiss  {A),  a  kiss  of 
peace  when  there  is  no  peace ;  a  kiss  oit 
apparent  reconciliation,  but  with  secret 
hostiHty.  Cn  July  7,  1792,  the  abb^ 
Lamourette  induced  the  different  factions 
of  the  L^slative  Assembly  of  France  to 
Xkj  aside  dieir  differences ;  so  the  deputies 
of  the  Royalists,  Constitutionaliirta, 
Girondists,  Jacobins,  and  Orleanists, 
rushed  into  each  others*  arms,  and  the 
king  was  sent  for,  that  he  might  see 
*  *  how  these  CHiristians  loved  one  another  ;** 
but  the  reconciliation  was  hardly  made 
when  the  old  animosities  burst  forth  more 
furiously  than  ever. 

laampadlon,  a  lively^  petulant 
courtezan.  A  name  common  m  the  lator 
Greek  comedy 

Iiazn'pedo,  of  Laeedsraon.  She  was 
daughter,  wife,  sister,  and  mother  of  a 
king.  Agrippina  was  granddau^ter, 
wife,  sister,  and  mother  of  a  king.— 
Tacitus,  ilnna/tf«,  xii.  22,  87. 

***  The  wife  of  Raymond  Ber'enger 
^count  of  Provence)  was  grandmother  of 
four  kin^  for  her  four  daughters 
married  rour  kings:  Margaret  married 
Louis  IX.  king  of  France;  Eleam^ 
married  Henry  ill.  king  of  England ; 
Sancha  married  Richard  king  of  the 
Romans ;  and  Beatrice  married  Chailea  I« 
king  of  Naples  aad     cOy. 

Lam'pedo,  a  country  apothecary-aor- 
geon,  without  practice ;  so  poor  and  ill- 
fed  that  he  was  but  **the  sketdi  and 
outline  of  a  man.**    He  says  of  himself : 

Altho'  to  core  men  be  berond  mj  dUD, 
Ik  hard,  toidead.  if  I  can\  keep  tham  OL 

J.  Tobin.  Tkt  Momt^moom.  UL  I  a8M|. 

Iiaznpluffh  ( Will),  a  smuggler. — Sir 
W.  Scott  Medgamtlet  (time,  Cieoige 
III.). 

Ijanoe  (1  eyl,),  falconer  and  ancient 

servant  to  the  father  of  Valentine  the 

gallant  who  would  not  be  persuaded  to 

keep  his  estate. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher, 

Wit  without  Money  (1622). 

Ijanoelot  or  Lauvcrlot  (Sobbo, 
servant  of  Shylock,  funons  for  his  soli- 
loquy whether*  or  not  he  should  run  away 


LANCELOT  DU  LAC. 


588 


LANGUAGE. 


from  his  master. — ShjtkeBpeare,  Merchant 
of  Venice  (i5d8). 

bdMoa  rm^UBB]  vm  Inlnltabla  in  mxt  i«rtB  M 
"Itnnriilor.''  and  "IWchstone*  in  A$  Fou  like  IL  In 
d»*iM*  part!  he  nercr  lad  bis  tqunl.  and  new  wUL— 
BWkar.  Obrtmiam. 

Iianoelot  du  Iiao^  by  Ulrich  of 
Zazikoven,  the  most  ancient  poem  of  the 
Arthurian  series.  It  is  the  adventures 
of  a  young  knight,  eay  and  joyous  with 
animal  spirits  and  light-heartedness. 
(See  Lauxcblot.) — One  of  the  mmne- 
Kmgt  of  Germany  (twelfth  century). 

Lancelot  du  Iiac  and  Tarquin. 

Sir  Lancelot,  seeking  adventures,  met 
with  a  lady  who  prayed  him  to  deliver 
eotain  knights  of  the  Round  Table  from 
the  power  of  Tarquin.  Coming  to  a 
river,  he  saw  a  copper  basin  hung  on  a 
tree  for  gong,  and  he  struck  it  so  lumi  that 
it  broke.  This  brought  out  Tarquin,  and 
a  furious  combat  ensued,  in  which  Tarquin 
was  slain.  Sir  Lancelot  then  liberated 
three  wore  and  four  knights,  who  had 
been  made  captives  by  Tarquin.  (See 
LAUjrcEijOT.)---Percy,  BeliqueSy  I.  ii.  9. 

Lancelot  of  the  Laik,  a  Scotch 
metrical  romance,  taken  from  the  French 
LauMceM  du  Lae,  Galiot,  a  nei^bonr- 
ing  king,  invaded  Arthur's  tcrritones,  and 
captured  the  castle  of  lady  Melyhalt 
among  o^era.  When  sir  Lancelot  went 
to  chastise  (xaliot,  he  saw  queen  Guine- 
vere, and  fell  in  love  with  her.  The 
French  romance  makes  Galiot  submit  to 
king  Arthur ;  but  the  Scotch  talc  termi- 
nates with  his  capture.     (See  Launce- 

LOT.) 

Land  of  Benlah,  land  of  rest,  re- 
presenting that  peace  of  mind  which  some 
tme  Christians  experience  prior  to  death 
{laaiak  Ixii.  4). — ^Bunyan,  J*itgrim'$  Fro- 
gresB,  i.  (1678). 

Land  of  Joy.  Worms,  in  (xermany, 
was  so  called  by  the  minnesingers,  from 
its  exoelloit  wine. 

Landey'da  {"the  detotation  of  tlie 
muntry  **),  the  miraculous  banner  of  the 
ancient  Danes,  on  which  was  wrought  a 
raven  by  the  daughters  of  Regner  Lod- 
brok.  It  was  under  this  beuiner  that 
Hardrada  and  Tostig  attacked  Harold  at 
the  battle  of  Stam^rd  Bridge,  a  little 
before  the  battle  of  Senlac  {hustings), 

Landi  (The  Fete  of  the)  Charle- 
ougne  showed  to  i^l^ms  once  a  year 
the  relics  of  tbe  chapel  in  Aix-la-Chapelle. 
(Swrloa  te  Chanve  removed  the  relics  to 
FariSy  and  exhibited  them  once  a  year  in 


a  large  field  near  the  boulevard  St.  Denis 
rz>'n«e].  A  procession  was  subsequently 
formed,  and  a  fair  held  the  first  Monday 
after  St.  Bamabas*s  Day. 


hb  mot  Latin  Utdtetmm  aiantfle  nn  Jour  at  on 
ImUvMi*  pour  qoelque  MwmliMe  da  pauple.  L'l.  dwuigA 
d'ahord  m  e.  I«  ftit  dMnttiveoMnt  an  a.  On  dU  done 
■looealvenMnt.  wt  Heu  d'tndi^um;  VlndleC.  Yendft, 
ftindit,  M  anSn  UuidL—A.  Diunai,  L' ttoroaaap*,  L 

Landois  {Peter),  the  favourite  minis- 
ter of  the  due  de  Bretagne.  —  Sir  W. 
Scott,  Anne  of  Geierstem  (time,  Edward 
IV.). 

Landscape  Gkurdenlng  (Father 
of),  Lenotre  (1618-1700). 

Iiane  {Jane),  daughter  of  Thomas* 
and  sister  of  colonel  John  Lane.  To  save 
king  Oarles  II.  after  the  battle  of 
Worcester,  she  rode  bdiind  him  from 
Bentley,  in  Staffordshire,  to  the  house 
of  her  cousin  Mrs.  Norton,  near  Bristol. 
For  this  act  of  lovalty,  the  king  granted 
the  fomily  the  following  armorial  device: 
A  strawberrv  horse  saliant  (couped  at  the 
flank),  bridled,  bitted.  Mid  garnished, 
supporting  between  its  feet  a  royal  crown 
proper.    Motto :  Garde  le  roy. 

Lane  {The),  Drury  Lane. 

married  nctrewM  in  bii  eonspanjr  wban  k« 


managwl  tba  Oinleii  «nd  •ftonrards  tha  lMom.—Tm»fiU 
Bar^.C  Maoaadjr).  7«  iiJ^h). 

• 

Xsaneham.  {Master  Robert),  clerk  of 
the  council-chamber  door. 

Sybil  Laneham,  his  wife,  one  of  the 
rev^ers  at  Kenilworth  (Castle. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  KenUworth  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Langcale  {The  laird  of),  a  leader  in 
the  covenanters*  »rnnv. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Old  Mortality  (time,  (jharles  II.). 

Iiangley  (Sir  Frederick),  a  suitor  to 
Miss  Yere,  and  one  of  the  Jacobite  con- 
spirators with  the  laird  of  Ellieslaw. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  The  Black  Dwarf  {time.  Anno). 

Langosta  {Duhe  of),  the  Spanish 
nickname  of  Aosta  the  elected  king  of 
Spain.  The  word  means  **a  locust^  or 
**  plunderer." 

Language  ( 2%*  PrimevcU). 

Psametichus.  an  Egyptian  king,  wish- 
ing to  ascertain  what  lan^age  Nature 
gave  to  man,  shut  up  two  infants  where 
no  word  was  ever  uttered  in  their  hear- 
ing. When  brought  before  the  kin^,  they 
said,  bekos  (**  toast  '*),^Herodotos,  ii.  2. 

Frederick  II.  of  Sweden  tried  the  same 
experiment. 

James  IV.  of  Scotland,  in  the  fifteenth 
century,  shut  up  two  infants  in  the  Isle 
of  Inchkeith,  with  only  a  dumb  attendant 


LANGUAGE  CnARACTERISTICS.    684 


LAPUTA. 


to  wait  on  them,  with  the  same  object  in 
riew. 

Tjangiiage  OharaoteriBtics. 

Charles  Qaint  used  to  say,  **I  speak 
Gennan  to  my  horses,  Spanish  to  my 
bcnsehold,  French  to  my  friends,  and 
Italian  to  my  mistress.** 

The  Persians  say,  the  serpent  in  paradise 
spoke  Arabic  (the  most  suasive  of  all 
languages) ;  Adam  and  Eve  spoke  Per- 
sian fthe  most  poetic  of  all  langtuiges) ; 
and  the  angel  Gabriel  spoke  Turkish  (the 
most  menacing  of  all  Iwiguages). — Char- 
din,  Travels  (1686). 

liOxiguBge  Kiven  to  Man  to 
Conceal  Mis  Thouffbts.  Said  by 
Montrond,  but  generally  ascribed  to 
Talleyrand.    (See  Taluetrand.) 

Iian^fuiflh  (Lydia)^  a  romantic  young 
lady,  who  is  for  ever  reading  sensational 
novels,  and  moulding  her  behaviour  on 
the  characters  which  uie  reads  of  in  these 
books  of  fiction.  Hence  she  is  a  very 
female  Quixote  in  romantic  notions  of  a 
sentimental  type  (see  act  i.  2). — Sheri- 
dan, The  Rivals  (1775). 

U\m  MeUon  [1775-1837]  calM  on  SterMm.  and  vm 
n^uakted  to  rMMl  th«  ae«M«  of  Lydto  LiuimiUi  and 
Mn.  liiikprop  from  Th»  MwaU.  She  Mt  Mthtoned. 
and  aniwerad.  witb  tfa«  nalvv,  miafllHtad  mannvr  whldt 
•ha  reuaucdthrMigb  life.  "  I  dan  not.  rir;  I  would  lathar 
nad  to  all  Bncland.  But  nppoM.  Mr,  ywi  do  ma  tba 
koBoar  of  reading  tham  to  mat"  Tbare  wai aomethlns 
M  unamuntag  and  ehUdllka  In  tha  raqnert.  that  tha 
managsr  cntar«d  Into  Iha  oddltjr  of  It,  and  raad  to  bar 
aaartjr  tha  whola  plajr.— Boadau. 

Iian'o,  ft  Scandinavian  lake,  which 
emitted  in  autumn  noxious  vapours. 

Ha  dwalls  hy  tha  watan  of  Lano,  which  mndt  fortli  tha 
vapour  of  daath.—Onlan.  7»«  War  ^  InU-Tkama, 

Iiantemize  (To)  is  to  spend  one*s 
time  in  literary  trifles,  to  wnte  books, 
to  waste  time  in  **  brown  studies,*'  eto. — 
Babelais,  Pantagruel^  v.  88  (1646). 

Ijantem-Iiandy  the  land  of  authors, 
whose  works  are  their  lanterns.  The  in- 
habitants, called  "Lantemers"  (Lanter- 
nois)^  are  bachelors  and  masters  of  arts, 
doctors,  and  professors,  prelates  and 
divines  of  the  council  of  Trent,  and  all 
other  wise  ones  of  the  earth.  Here  are  the 
lanterns  of  Aristotle,  EpicQros,  and  Aris- 
toph&ngs;  the  dark  earthen  lantern  of 
KpictStos,  the  duplex  lantern  of  Martial, 
and  many  others.  The  sovereign  was  a 
queen  when  Pantag'ruel  visited  tiie  realm 
to  make  inquiry  about  the  **  Oracle  of 
the  Holy  Bottle."--Rabelais,  Pantagruel^ 
V.  32,  83  (1545). 

Iiantemois,  pretenders  to  science, 
q[aack9  of  aU  sorts,  and  authors  generally. 


They  are  the  inhabitants  of  Lantem- 
land,  and  their  literary  productions  are 
**  Untems.**~Rabelais,  PcaUagniei,  r.  82, 
88  (1545). 

Iiaoooon  [i>a.o^.o.ofi],  a  Trojan 
priest,  who,  with  his  two  sons,  was 
crushed  to  death  by  serpents.  Thomson, 
in  his  Liberty^  iv.,   has    described  the 

Soup,  which  represento  these  three  in 
eir  death  *gony.  It  was  discovered  in 
1506,  in  the  tMitlis  of  Titus,  and  n  now 
in  the  Vatican.  This  exquisite  group 
was  sculptared  at  the  command  of  Titus 
by  Agewmder,  Polydorus,  and  Atheno- 
dorus,  in  the  fifth  century  b.0. — Virgil, 
^neid,  iL  201-227. 

Iiaodami'a^  wife  of  Protesila'os  who 
was  slain  at  the  siege  of  Troy.  She 
prayed  that  she  might  be  allowed  to 
converse  with  her  dei^  husband  for  three 
hours,  and  her  request  was  granted ;  but 
when  her  husband  returned  to  hades,  she 
accompanied  him  thither. 

*^*  Wordsworth  has  a  poem  on  this 
subject,  entitled  LaodanUa, 

Iiaodioo'a,  now  LatakPoy  noted  for 
ite  tobacoo  and  sponge.  —  See  Bev,  iii. 
14-18. 

Iiapet  (Jfonx.),  a  model  of  pol- 
troonery, the  very  "Ercles*  Vein*'  of 
fanatical  cowardice.  H.  Lapet  would 
fancy  the  world  out  of  joint  if  no  one 
gave  him  a  tweak  of  the  nose  or  lug  of 
tne  ear.  He  was  the  author  of  a  book  on 
the  **  punctilios  of  duelling.** — Beaumont 
and  Fleteher,  Nice  Valaw  or  The  Pat- 
sioHote  Madman  (1647). 

Iiappet,  the  **  glory  of  all  chamber- 
maids.'^H.  Fielding,  The  Miser. 

Iiapraick  {LauHe)^  friend  of  Steenie 
Steenson.  in  Wandering  Willie's  tale. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Jiedgaumlet  (time,  George 
III.). 

Iiaprel,  the  rabbit  in  the  beaat-«pic 

entitled  Reynard  tha  Fbx  (1498)- 

Iiapu'ta,  the  flying  island,  inhabited 
by  scientific  quacks.  This  b  the  **  Lan- 
tern-land "  01  Kabelais,  where  wise  ones 
lantemized,  and  were  so  absorbed  in 
thought,  that  certain  attendants,  called 
**  Flappers,'*  were  appointed  to  flap  tbem 
on  the  mouth  and  ears  with  blown 
bladders,  when  their  attention  to  mun- 
dane matters  was  required. — Swift. 
Gulliver's  Travels  ("  Voyage  to  Lapota»* 
1726). 


LARA. 


686 


LAST  MAN. 


liars,  tlM  name  assumed  by  Conrad 
the  eonair  after  the  death  of  Medo'ra. 
On  his  return  to  his  native  country,  he 
vas  recognized  by  sir  Ezzelin  at  the 
table  of  lord  Otho,  and  chained  home  by 
him.  Lara  arranged  a  dael  for  the  day 
following,  but  sir  Ezzelin  disappeared 
■jsterioasly.  Subsequently,  Lara  headed 
a  rdiellkm,  and  was  shot  by  Otho. — 
Byron,  Lara  (1814). 

Lara  {The  Seven  Sons  of)^  sons  of 
Gonzalez  Gustios  de  Lara,  a  Castilian 
hero,  brother  of  Ferdinand  Gonzalez 
eount  of  Castile.  A  Quarrel  having  arisen 
between  Gustaos  ana  Rodrigo  Vdasouez 
his  brother-in-law,  Rodrigo  caused  kim 
to  be  imprisoned  in  Cor'aova,  and  then 
allured  his  seven  nephews  into  a  ravine, 
where  they  were  all  slain  by  an  ambus- 
cade, after  performing  prodigies  of  valour. 
While  in  prison,  Zaida,  daughter  of 
Almanzor  tiie  Moorish  prince,  feU  in  love 
with  Gustios,  and  became  the  mother  of 
Mndarra,  who  avenged  the  death  of  his 
seven  brothecs  (a.d.  993). 

*^  Lope  de  V^a  has  made  this  the 
tab}ert  of  a  Spanish  drama,  which  ha4 
several  imitadona,  one  by  MallefiUe,  in 
1836.— See  Ferd.  Denis,  Chroniqties  CAeva- 
kretques  SEspagne  (1839). 

Larder  {The  Doaglaa)^  the  flour, 
meal,  wheat,  and  malt  of  Douglas  Castle, 
emptied  on  tilie  floor  by  good  lord  James 
Douglas,  in  1307,  when  he  took  the 
castle  from  the  English  garrison.  Hav- 
ing stared  in  all  ue  banels  of  food,  he 
next  emptied  all  the  wine  and  ale,  and 
then,  havmg  slain  the  garrison,  threw  the 
dead  bodies  into  this  disgusting  mess, 
"to  «at,  drink,  and  be  merry.^—Sir  W. 
Scott,  Tales  of  a  Grandfather,  ix. 

Wailaee^e  Larder  is  a  similar  mess. 
It  consbted  of  the  dead  bodies  of  the 
garrison  of  Ardrossan,  in  Ayrshire,  cast 
mto  Uie  dungeon  keep.  The  castle  was 
surprised  by  mm  in  the  reign  of  Edward  L 

Lardoon  {Ladt/  Bab),  a  caricature  of 
ine  life,  the  "  princess  of  dissipation,** 
and  the  *' greatest  gamester  of  the  times.** 
She  becomes  engaged  to  sir  Charles 
Dapely,  and  says,  "to  follow  fashion 
where  we  feel  shame,  is  the  strongest  of 
all  hypocrisy,  and  ^m  this  moment  I 
lesoanoe  it.**---J.  Bnrgoyne,  The  Maid  of 
the  Oais. 

Iia  fioche,  a  Swiss  pastor,  travelling 
fluongh  France  with  his  daughter 
Margaret,  was  taken  ill,  and  like  to  die. 
There  was  only  a  -./ayside  inn  in  the 


place,  but  Hume  the  philosopher  heard 
of  the  circumstance,  and  removed  the 
sick  man  to  his  own  house.  Here,  with 
good  nursing,  La  Roche  recovered,  and  a 
strong  friendBhip  sprang  up  between  the 
two.  Hume  even  accompanied  La  Roche 
to  his  manse  in  Berne.  After  the  lapse  of 
three  years,  Hame  was  informed  tiiat 
Mademoiselle  was  about  to  be  married 
to  a  young  Swiss  officer,  and  hastened  to 
Berne  to  be  present  at  the  wedding.  On 
reaching  the  neighbourhood,  he  OMer\'ed 
some  m&k  filling  up  a  grave,  and  found 
on  inquiry  that  Mademoiselle  had  jast 
died  of  a  broken  heart.  In  fact,  her 
lover  had  been  shot  in  a  duel,  luid  the 
shock  was  too  much  for  her.  The  old 
pastor  bore  up  heroically,  and  Hume 
admired  the  faith  which  could  sustain  a 
man  in  such  an  affliction. — H.  Mackenzie, 
"  Stoiy  of  La  Roche  *'  (in  The  Mirror), 

JjBurSp  the  emperor  or  over-king  of  the 

ancient  Etruscans.     A  khedive,  satrap, 

or  under-king,  was  called  lUoAmo.     Thus 

the    king   of    Prussia,    as   emperor   of 

Germany,  is  lari^  but  the  king  of  Bavaria 

is  a/ucttmo. 

Then  be  tbirlgrdioMn  propbeti^ 

newbwtof  tiMlaiid. 
Who  alwajr  hj  Lars  Por'sena, 
Both  morn  nod  erenlng  itend. 

'Lord  Maowlay.  Luf/t  <^  AntUni  Kamt 
("Uantf)ia."iK..  184S). 

Iiarthmor,  petty  king  of  Ber'rathon, 
one  of  the  Scandinavian  islands.  He 
was  dethroned  by  his  son  Uthal,  but 
Fingal  sent  Ossian  and  Toscar  to  his  aid. 
Uthal  was  slain  in  single  combat,  and 
Laiihmor  was  restored  to  his  throne. — 
Ossian,  Berrathon, 

Iiarthon,  the  leader  of  the  Fir-bolg 
or  Belgee  of  Britain  who  settled  in  the 
soathem  parts  of  Ireland. 

Luthon,  Um  flnt  of  B<%a*a  race  who  tmtfXkA  In  the 
wioda  White<b(Moniod  spread  tbe  Mils  of  the  king 
towards  streamy  lotsfail  [Ir«iand\.  Dan  night  was 
foBed  beloN  him.  with  Its  dtlrts  of  miet  Unconstant 
blew  tbe  wiitds  and  rolled  blm  from  ware  to  wave.— 
Osrian.  fman,  viL 

Isasoaris,  a  citizen. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Count  Raiteri  of  Paris  (time,  Rufus). 

Ijas-Ca'sas,  a  noble  old  Spaniard, 
who  vainly  attempted  to  put  a  stop  to 
the  barbarities  of  his  countrymen,  and 
even  denounced  them  (act  i.  1). — Sheri- 
dan, Pixarro  (1799,  altered  from  Kotze- 
bue). 

Isascelles  {Lady  Caroline),  supposed 
to  be  Miss  M.  £.  Braddon. — AthencBim^ 
2073,  p.  82  (C.  R.  Jackson). 

Ijast   Kan  {The)^  CharUa  I.{   so 


LAST  OF  THE  FATHERS. 


686 


LATONA. 


called  by  the  parliamentarians,  meaning 
the  last  man  tcho  tcouid  tcear  a  crotcn  in 
Great  Britain.  Charles  II.  was  called 
*'  The  Son  of  the  Last  Man." 

Iiast  of  the  Fathers,  St.  Bernard 
abbot  of  Clairvaux  (1091-1153). 

Ijast  of  the  Goths,  Roderick,  the 
thirty-fourth  and  last  of  the  Visi^othic 
line  of  kings  in  S)>ain  (414-711).  Ue  was 
dethioned  by  the  African  Moors. 

*i^*  Southey  has  an  historical  tale  in 
blank  verse,  entitled  Roderick,  the  Last  of 
the  Goths, 

Iiast  of  the  Greeks  (The),  PhUo- 
poemen  of  Arcadia  (b.c.  258-183). 

Ijast  of  the  Knights,  Maximilian 
I.  the  PennilesSj  emperor  of  Germany 
(1459,  1493-1519). 

Ijast  of  the  Moliioans.  Uncas 
the  Indian  chief  is  so  called  by  F. 
Cooper  in  his  novel  of  that  title. 

*J*  The  word  ought  to  be  pronounced 
MoJiei/.kamf  but  custom  has  ruled  it 
otherwise. 

Iiast  of  the  Bomans,  Marcus 
Junius  Brutus,  one  of  the  assassins  of 
Cssar  (B.C.  85-42). 

Caius  Cassius  Longlnus  is  so  called  by 
Brutus  (II.C.  ♦-42). 

Afitius,  a  general  who  defended  the 
Gauls  against  the  Franks,  and  defeated 
Attila  in  451,  is  so  called  by  Proco^ius. 

Congreve  is  called  by  Pope,  Uitimua 
JiamanuM  (1670-1729). 

Horace  Walpole  is  called  Vltinnu 
Romanontm  (1717-1797). 

Francois  Joseph  Terrasse  Desbillons 
was  called  Ultimus  JRomantts,  from  his 
elegant  and  pure  Latinity  (1751-1789). 

I<ast  of  the  Tribunes,  Cola  di 
Rienzi  (1818-1354). 

*^*  Lord  Lytton  has  a  novel  so 
entitled  (1835). 

Iiast     of    the    Troubadours, 

Jacques  Jasmin  of  Gascony  (1798-1864). 

Iiast  who  Spoke  Cornish  (TAe), 
Doll  Pentreath  (1686-1777). 

Ijast  Words.  (See  Ditino  Sat- 
uros.) 

Iiath'erum,  the  barber  at  the  Black 
Bear  inn,  at  Darlington. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Jiob  Roy  (time,  George  I.). 

Latbmon,  son  of  Nuttth  a  British 
prince.  He  invades  Mor\'^en  while  Fingal 
IS  in  Ireland  with  his  army  ;  but  Fingal 


returns  unexpectedly.  At  dead  of  night, 
Ossian  (Fingkrs  son)  and  his  friend  Gaul 
the  son  of  Momi  go  to  the  enemy's  camp, 
and  ** strike  the  shield'*  to  arouse  tne 
sleepers ;  then  rush  on,  and  a  great 
slaughter  ensues  in  the  panic.  Lathmcm 
sees  the  two  opponents  moving  off,  and 
sends  a  challenge  to  Ossian;  so  Ossiaii 
returns,  and  the  duel  begins.  Latbmon 
flings  down  his  sword,  and  submits ;  and 
Fingal,  coming  up,  conducts  Lathmon  to 
his  "  feast  of  shells."  After  nwsing  tha 
ni^ht  in  banquet  and  song,  Fingal  dis- 
misses his  guest  next  morning,  sajriug, 
"  Lathmon,  retire  to  thvplace ;  torn  thy 
battles  to  '^ther  lands.  Tne  race  of  Mor- 
ven  are  rei  .wned,  and  their  foes  are  the 
sons  of  the  unhappy." — Gssian,  Lathmotu 
*t^*  In  Oithona  he  is  again  introduced, 
and  Oithona  is  called  LaUimon's  brother. 

[i>Miir»tiMna<*1  iMkicd  Um  reternint    Lrthiaa,  1km 
kcotiMT  of  onbappT  Otthooa.— Oiriui,  Okhoim. 

Iiat'imer  (Ifr,  Ralph),  the  supposed 
fiither  of  Darsie  Latimer,  alias  sir  Ajrthur 
Darsie  Redgauntlet. 

Darsie  Latimer,  aiias  sir  Arthur  Darsie 
Redgauntlet,  supposed  to  be  the  son  of 
Ralph  Latimer,  but  really  the  son  of  sir 
Henry  Darsie  Redgauntlet,  and  gnuidson 
of  sir  Rcdwald  Redgauntlet. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Redgauntlet  (time,  George  III.). 

Iiatin  Church  {Fathers  of  the)i 
Lactantius.  Hilflry,  Ambrose  of  Milan, 
Jer'ome,  Augustin  of  Hippo,  and  St. 
Bernard  "  Last  of  the  Fathers.*' 

Iiati'nUB,  king  of  the  Lanrentians, 
who  first  opposed  iEne'as,  but  after- 
wards formed  an  alliance  with  him,  and 
gave  him  his  daughter  LAvinia  in  mar- 
riage.— ^Virgil,  jEncid,  * 

Latfnus,  an  Italian,  who  went  with 
his  five  sons  to  the  si^e  of  Jerusalem. 
His  eldest  son  was  slain  by  Solvman  ; 
the  second  son,  Aramant^  running  to 
his  brothcr*s  aid,  was  next  slain ;  then 
the  third  son,  Sabi'nus ;  and  lastly  Picus 
Mid  Laurent<!s,  who  were  twins.  The 
father,  having  lost  his  five  sons,  rushed 
madly  on  the  soldan,  and  was  slain  also. 
In  one  hour  fell  the  fether  and  his  fiva 
sons. — Tasso,  Jerusalem  Delivered  (1676). 

Iiatmian  S'wain  ( The),  Endymlon. 
So  called  because  it  was  on  mount  Lat- 
mos,  in  Cari%  that  Cinthia  {the  moon) 
descended  to  hold  converse  wiUi  him. 


Tboa<Udittiot.CbUhla, 


Um  Latmfau  ■vatB. 
OtU,  Art  ^Ufm,m. 


Iiato'na,  mother  of  Apollo  (the  sun) 
and   Diana    {the  moon).     Some  Lycian 


LATORCH. 


687 


LAUNCELOT. 


hindt  jeered  at  her  as  she  knelt  by  a 
foontain  in  Delos  to  drink,  and  were 
changed  into  frogs. 


hindi  tiisk  vera  tnuiifonoM  to  froci^ 
•t  latonat  tvlo>born  proffeny. 
iAbt  kaU  lb*  Ml  and  BMMMibi  iBft 

MUtOB.  SMUMtt. 

Iiatorchy  duke  Rollers  *'  earwig,*^  in 
the  tragedy  called  Tha  Bloody  Brother^ 
by  Beaumont  and  Fletcher  (1639). 

Latro    {MarcuM   Porcius),   a  Roman 

riietoiictaB  in  the  reign  of  Aognstns;  a 

Spuiiard  by  birth. 

I  tauHM  M  mmi  M  0M  dbdpln  of  PofdM  Latro. 
vteb  vtaD  tkcy  kad  toado  thWMltw  ••  pak  as  UMk 
■■rtar  br  Mnklof  daooetiofM  of  camln.  Imaftned 
mtnmmhmmtA  —tmmgt,  gu  aua,  ^^  tiOm. 


Laud  (ArcAbifhop),  One  day,  when 
the  ardibishop  was  about  to  say  grace 
before  dinner,  Archie  Armstroiur,  the 
royal  jester,  begged  permission  of  Cbarles 
I.  to  perform  the  office  instead.  The  re- 
meet  being  granted,  the  wise  fool  said, 
^*A1I  praue  to  God,  and  little  Laud  to 
fte  deril !  **  the  point  of  which  is  much 
increased  by  the  fact  that  the  archbishop 
WBs  a  very  small  man. 

Lauderdale  (The duksop,  president 
of  the  privy  council. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Oid 
Mortaldjf  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Laugh  (JupUer't),  Jupiter,  we  are 
told,  langhed  incessantly  for  seven  days 
stter  be  was  bom. — ftol.  Hephsestion, 
Mm,  Hist,,  vii. 

Lauffli  -where  you  Must,  be 
Candid  mrhere  you  Can.— J.  Bur- 
gOTue,  The  Maid  of  the  OakSy  i.  2. 

TrfiughlTig  Philosopher  {The)^ 
DcBocTltos  of  Abde'ra  (b.c.  460-367). 

*«*  He  laughed  or  je«red  at  the  feeble 
powers  of  man  so  wholly  in  the  hands 
of  fate,  that  nothing  he  did  or  said  was 
UDcontroUed.  The '* Crying  Philosopher" 
was  Heraclitos. 

Dr.  Jeddler,  the  philosopher,  who 
locked  upon  the  world  as  a  **  great  prac- 
tical joke,  something  too  absurd  to  t>e 
considered  seriously  by  any  rational 
mar.**— O.  Dickens,  The  Battle  of  Life 
(IW«). 

Laughter  is  situated  in  the  midriif. 

Ban  ^ortftd  laai^ter  dwalK  btro,  orer  alttliig, 
Ooiai  al  limiplik  frteb  and  wrinkled  care. 

Pk.  Fletckar,  Th$  Furptm  Itiamd  (16»). 

Lamghter  {Death  from),  A  fellow  in 
ngt  told  Chalchas  the  soothsayer  that  he 
voold  never  drink  the  wine  of  the  grapes 
powing  in  his  vineyard ;    and  added. 

If  these  words  do  not  come  true,  voo 
■ay  daim  nife  for  your  slave."    When 


I 


the  wine  was  mnde,  Chalchas  made  a  fearti 
and  sent  for  the  fellow  to  see  how  hit 
prediction  had  failed ;  and  when  he  ap- 
peared, the  soothsayer  laughed  so  im- 
moderately at  the  would-be  prophet  that 
he  died.~Lord  Lytton,  Taiee  of  MUetuSf 
iv. 

Somewhat  similar  is  the  tale  of  An- 
c«os.  This  king  of  the  Lel^g^,  in 
Samos.  planted  a  vineyard,  but  was 
warned  by  one  of  his  slaves  that  he 
would  never  live  to  taste  the  wine  there- 
of. Wine  was  made  from  the  grapes, 
and  the  king  sent  for  his  slave,  and  said, 
"  What  do  you  think  of  your  prophecy 
now?"  The  slave  niade  answer. 
*'  There's  manv  a  slip  *twixt  the  cup  ana 
the  lip;"  and  the  words  were  scarcely 
uttered,  when  the  king  rushed  from  table 
to  drive  out  of  his  vineyard  a  boar 
which  was  laying  waste  the  vines,  but 
was  killed  in  Uie  encounter. — Pansanias. 

Crassus  died  from  laughter  on  seeing 
an  ass  eat  thistles.  Ifa^utte  the  giant 
died  of  laughter  on  seeing  an  ape  t^ii^ 
to  pull  on  his  boots.  Philemon  or  Phi- 
lom^nes  died  of  laughter  on  se«:iog  aa 
ass  eat  the  figs  provided  for  his  own 
dinner  {Lucian^  i.  2).  Zeuxis  died  ol 
laughter  at  sight  of  a  hag  which  be  had 
just  depicted. 

Laupav  ( Vicomie  d<r),  pseudonym  of 
Mde.  Emile  de  Girardin  (n^e  Delphine 
Gay). 

Iiaunoey  the  clownish  servant  of 
Protheus  one  of  the  two  "^ntlemen 
of  Verona."  He  is  in  love  with  Julia. 
Liaunce  Is  especially  famous  for  solilo- 
quies to  his  dog  Crab,  **the  sonrest- 
natured  dog  that  lives.  Speed  is  the 
serving-man  of  Valentine  the  other 
"gendeman."  — Shakespeare,  21te  Tvoc 
Gentlemen  of  Verona  (1694). 

Iiaunoelot.  bard  to  the  countess 
Brenhilda's  father.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Count 
Robert  of  Paris  (time,  Rufus). 

Launcelot  (Sir),  originally  called  Gala- 
had, was  the  son  of  Ban  king  of  Ben- 
wick  (Brittany)  and  his  wife  Klein  (pt.  i. 
60).  He  was  Stolen  in  infancy  by 
Vivienne  the  Lady  of  the  Lake,  who 
brought  him  up  till  he  was  presented  to 
king  Arthur  and  knighted.      In  conse- 

Juence,  he  is  usually  called  sir  Launcelot 
u  Lac.  He  was  in  '*  the  eighth  degree 
\or  generatum]  of  our  Saviour"  (pt.  iii. 
35) ;  was  uncle  to  sir  Bors  de  Ganis 
(pt.  iii.  4)  ;  hie  brother  was  sir  Ector  da 
Maris  (pt.  ii.   127)  ;   and   his   son,  by 


L 


LAUNCELOT. 


688 


LAUNCELOT. 


dMigliter  of  king  PeUes,  wm  nr 
G«Uh«d,  the  chastest  of  the  150  knights 
of  the  Round  Table,  and  therefore  al- 
lotted to  the  ''  Siege  Perilous  **  and  the 
quest  of  the  holy  gnud,  which  he 
achiered.  Sir  Lanncelot  had  from  time 
to  time  a  glimpse  of  the  holy  graal ;  but 
in  conseqnence  of  his  amours  with  qneen 
Guenever,  was  never  allowed  more  than 
a  distant  and  fleeting  glance  of  it  (pt.  iiL 
18,  22,  46). 

Sir  Laonoelot  was  the  strongest  and 
bravest  of  the  150  knights  of  the  Round 
Table;  the  two  next  were  sir  Tristram 
and  sir  Lamoracke.    His  adultenr  with 

aueen  Guenever  was  directly  or  indirectly 
lie  cause  of  the  death  of  king  Arthur, 
the  breaking  up  of  the  Round  Table,  and 
the  death  of  most  of  the  knights.  The 
tale  runs  thus:  Mordred  and  Agravain 
hated  sir  Launcelot,  told  the  king  he  was 
too  f«.miiiar  with  the  que^i,  and,  in  order 
to  make  good  their  charge^  persuaded 
Arthur  to  go  a-hunting.  while  absent  in 
the  chase,  the  queen  sent  for  sir  Launce- 
lot to  her  private  chamber,  when  Mor- 
dred, Agravain,  and  twelve  other  kni^ts 
beset  the  door,  and  commanded  him  to 
come  forth.  .  In  coming  forth  he  slew 
sir  Agravain  and  the  twelve  knights; 
but  Mordred  escaped,  and  told  the  lung, 
who  condemned  Guenever  to  be  burnt  to 
death.  She  was  brought  to  the  stake, 
but  rescued  by  sir  Launcelot,  who  carried 
her  oft  to  Joyous  Guard,  near  Carlisle. 
The  king  besieged  the  castle,  but  received 
a  bull  from  the  pope,  commanding  him  to 
take  back  the  queen.  This  he  did,  but 
refused  to  be  reconciled  to  sir  Launcelot, 
who  accordingly  left  the  realm  and  went 
to  Benwick.  Arthur  crossed  over  with  an 
armv  to  besiege  Benwick,  leaving  Mor- 
dred regent.  The  traitor  Mordred  usurped 
the  crown,  and  tried  to  make  the  queen 
marry  him ;  but  she  rejected  his  pro- 
posal with  contempt.  When  Arthur 
neard  thereof,  he  returned,  and  fought 
three  battles  with  his  nephew,  in  the 
last  of  which  Mordred  was  slain,  and 
the  king  received  from  his  nephew  his 
death-wound.  The  queen  now  retired  to 
the  convent  of  Almesbury,  where  she 
was  visited  by  sir  LAuncelot ;  but  as  she 
refused  to  leave  the  convent,  sir  Launce- 
lot turned  monk,  died  **  in  the  odour  of 
sanctity,"  and«  was  buried  in  Joyous 
Guard  (pt.  iiL  143-175). 

"  Ah!  ilr  Uumcvlot."  aM  Mr  Ector;  "tboa  were  {ilr] 
bMd  of  nil  Chrtitliui  knlciiU.'*  "  I  dve  My.'Miklalr  Bon. 
"  Uiat  sir  Lnuncelot  Uiere  thou  lJe>t.  thou  were  never 
■Mtched  of  none  evtbly  kiiUht'i  IiaimI  ;  tutd  tboa  w«re 
thecoartwuetknlsbtUuitereriMrethleld:  and  tboa  wen 


Mmi  lolkjr 

wem  the  Iraert  lover  of  riafuB 
MB ;  and  tboa  were  the  Undert 
■Inicfc  wtth  ewofd:  and  thouwcrr  the  fimllieit 
that  erw  eaoie  aaHH«  pnaiof  kn 
tboBMekest  aaaaad  the  pinlleet 
■Binnahdlee;  and  thoa  ware  the  efiieM  halihl 
BMrt^  foe  that  ever  pot  «Mar  fa  reec*— 8lr£  I 
Miatmrtf  9fi*Hmc0  Arthur,  ML  179  iX4m. 

N.B.— The  EUine  above  referred  to  is 
not  the  Elaine  of  Astolat,  the  heroine  of 
Tennyson's  IdyU.  Sir  Ector  de  Maris  is 
not  sir  Ector  the  foster-father  of  king 
Arthur;  and  sir  Bors  de  Ganis  most  be 
kepi  diranct  from  sir  Bors  of  Gaul,  and 
also  from  sir  Borre  or  sir  Bors  a  nataral 
son  of  king  Arthur  by  Lyonois  daughter 
of  the  eari  Sanam  (ut.  L  15). 

Sir  Lcnmoelot  arid  Elame,  The  Elaine 
of  Tennyson's  Iduil,  called  the  "fiur 
maid  of  Astolat,**  was  the  daughter  of 
sir  Bernard  lord  of  Astolat,  and  her  two 
brothers  were  sir  Tirre  (not  sir  Torrcy  as 
Tennyson  irrites  the  word)  and  Lavaine 
(pt.  lii.  122).  The  whole  tale,  and  the 
beautiful  picture  of  EUine  propelled  by 
the  old  dumb  servitor  down  the  river  to 
the  king*s  palace,'  is  all  borrowed  from 
sir  T.  Malory's  compilation.  "  The  ^r 
maid  of  AstoUt**  asked  sir  Launcelot  to 
many  her,  but  the  knight  replied,  **  Fair 
damsel,  I  thank  yon,  but  certainly  cast 
me  never  to  be  married ; "  and  when  the 
maid  asked  if  she  might  be  ever  with 
him  without  being  wed,  he  made  answer, 
"  Mercy  defend  me,  no  ! "  **  Then,* 
said  Elaine,  **  1  needs  must  die  for  love  of 
you;**  and  when  sir  Launcelot  quitted 
Astolat,  she  drooped  and  died.  But  before 
she  died  she  called  her  brother,  sir  Tirr* 
(nut  iir  LcnaiWy  as  Tennyson  says,  be- 
cause sir  Lavaine  went  with  sir  Launcelot 
as  his  'sQuire),  and  dictated  the  letter 
that  her  brother  was  to  write,  and  spake 
thus: 

"  WhOe  mjr  bodf  b  whole,  let  ttk  Batter  be  iMt  bato  ■» 
right  bjuid.  end  anr  band  bound  faet  wtth  Uia  lettar  aBOl 
that  I  be  cold,  andletmebepvt  laafUr  bed.  wtth  all 
my  ricbeet  dotbae  .  .  .  and  be  laid  hi  a  charfot  to  ttta 
next  place,  whereat  the  Thama*  la.  and  there  let  ane  ha 
put  In  a  baise.  and  but  one  man  wtth  aM  .  .  .  to  etear 
me  thhher.  and  that  my  bai«e  be  eoverad  wtth  black 
■amile."  ...  So  her  CMber  ipmut»d  .  .  .  that  dB  this 
■hoald  be  done.  ...  and  the  died.  And  ae.  when  eha 
wai  dead,  the  oorpM  •»!  the  bed  . .  .  wei«  pot  In  * 
barge.  ..  and  the  man  ataered  the  baige  ta  Weetmla* 
itac— Pt  IIL  ISL 

The  narrative  then  goes  on  to  say  that 
king  Arthur  had  the  letter  read,  and 
commanded  the  corpse  to  be  buried  right 
royally,  and  all  the  knights  then  present 
made  offerings  over  her  grave.  Not  only 
the  tale,  but  much  of  the  verbiage  has 
been  appropriated  bv  the  laureate. — 8ir 
T.  Malory,  History  of  Frinoe  Arthur 
(1470). 


LAUNCELOT. 


689 


LAURA. 


Lmmoeht  and  Quenever.  Sir  LAunce- 
lot  waediosen  by  king  Arthur  to  eondact 
GQeoeTer(lu8  bride)  to  court;  and  then 
bc|^  that  disloyalty  between  tiiem 
which  lasted  to  the  end.  Gottfried,  the 
Germao  ounnesinger  (twelfth  century), 
who  wrote  the  ta^  of  sir  Tristan  [our 
TVutraoil,  makes  king  Mark  send  Tris- 
tan to  Ireland,  to  conduct  Ysenit  to 
Cofnwall,  and  tiien  commenced  that  dis- 
byalty  between  sir  Tristram  and  his 
■neie*s  wife,  which  also  lasted  to  the  end, 
and  was  the  death  of  both. 

Launeeiot  Mad.  Sir  Launcelot,  having 
offended  the  queen,  was  so  vexed,  that  he 
went  mad  for  two  years,  half  raving  and 
half  melancholy.  Bdng  partly  cured  by 
a  vision  of  the  holy  graal,  he  settl^ 
for  a  time  in  Joyous  Isle,  under  the 
assumed  name  of  Le  Chevalier  Mal-FeL 
His  deeds  of  prowess  soon  ^t  blazed 
abroad,  and  brought  about  him  certain 
knights  of  the  ^und  Table,  who  pre- 
vailed on  him  to  return  to  court.  Tlien 
followed  the  famous  quest  of  the  holy 
gruL  The  quest  of  the  graal  is  the 
sabject  of  a  minneson^  by  Wolfram 
(thuteeath  century),  entitled  Parzwal. 
(la  the  Htatory  of  Prinoe  Arthur,  com- 
piled bv  sir  T.  Malory,  it  is  Galahad  son 
of  sir  Launcelot,  not  Pereival,  who  ac- 
complished the  quest) 

%*  The  madness  of  Orlando,  by 
Arioito,  resembles  that  of  sir  Launcelot. 

Lataiceht  a  Monk.  When  sir  Launcelot 
discovered  that  Gnenever  was  resolved  to 
icoiain  a  nun,  he  himself  retired  to  a 
■onastery,  and  was  consecrated  a  hermit 
by  the  bishop  of  Canterbury.  After 
twelve  months,  he  was  luiracnloosly 
■BmoDed  to  Almesbury,  to  remove  to 
Olsrtonbnry  the  queen,  who  was  at  the 
Mint  of  death.  Uuenevcr  died  half  an 
Mor  before  rir  Launcelot  arrived,  and 
he  himwflf  died  soon  afterwards  (pt.  iii. 
174).  The  bishop  in  attendance  on  the 
dying  knight  affirmed  that  **he  saw 
aaceu  heave  sir  Launcelot  up  to  heaven, 
■na  (he  gates  of  paradise  open  to  receive 
Um  **  (pt.  iii.  175).  Sir  Bors,  his  nephew, 
discovmd  the  dead  body  in  the  cell,  and 
had  it  boned  with  all  honours  at  Joyous 
Guard  (pt.  iiL  175). — Sir.  T.  Malory, 
Hittory  of  Prince  Arthur  (1470),  and  also 
Walter  Mapes. 

WiMB  ttr  Ben  aod  hb  UOawt  oun*  to  bb  (dr  Laanee* 
h(r4  berf.  xhey  faand  hlra  Mark  doMl.  and  lie  lay  m  be 
had  Mttiiod.  aad  ttie  svoetMt  urour  about  bim  tbat  evar 
a«f  HnctI«L— ter  %.  UMiCTj,  UUtorg  V  PHae*  Arthur, 

■.mcitf*). 

N.B. — Sir  Launcelot  intended,  when 
he  quitted  the  court  of  Arthur  and  re- 


tired to  Ben  wick,  to  found  religiova' 
houses  every  ten  miles  between  Sand- 
wich and  Oarlisle,  and  to  visit  every  one 
of  them  barefoot ;  but  king  Arthur  made 
war  upon  him,  and  put  an  end  to  this 
intention. 

*»*  Other  jMrticuiari  of  tir  Launcelot. 
The  tale  of  sir  Launcelot  was  first  com- 
posed in  monkish  Latin,  and  was  trans- 
lated by  Walter  Mapes  (about  lldO). 
Robert  de  Borron  wrote  a  French  version, 
and  sir  T.  B£alory  took  his  Hietwy  of 
Prinoe  Arthur  from  Uie  French,  the  third 
part  being  chiefly  confined  to  the  adven- 
tures and  death  of  this  favourite  knight. 
There  is  a  metrical  romance  called  La 
Charrette,  begun  by  Chrcstiens  de  Troyea 
^twelfth  century),  and  finished  by  Geof- 
frey de  ligny. 

Laun'cehtf  the  man  of  Mons.  Thomaa • 
(See  Lancblot.)— Beaumontand  Fletcher, 
Mons.  Thomas  (1619). 

TATiTifft.1  (Sir),  steward  of  king 
Arthur.  Detesting  queen  Gwennere,  ha 
retired  to  Carlyoun,  and  fell  in  love  with 
a  lady  named  Trj'amour.  She  ^ve  him 
an  unfailing  purse,  and  told  hira  if  he 
ever  wished  to  see  her,  all  he  had  to  do 
was  to  retire  into  a  private  room,  and  she 
would  be  instantly  with  him.  Sir  Launfid 
mow  returned  to  court,  and  excited  mueh 
attention  by  his  great  wealth.  Gwen- 
nere made  advances  to  him,  but  he  told 
her  she  was  not  worthy  to  kiss  the  feet 
of  the  lady  to  whom  he  was  devoted. 
At  this  repubte,  the  angry  queen  com- 
plained to  Uie  king,  and  declared  to  him 
that  she  had  been  most  grossly  insulted 
by  his  steward.  Arthur  bade  sir  Launfal 
produce  this  paragon  of  women.  On 
ner  arrival,  sir  Launfal  was  allowed  to 
accompany  her  to  the  isle  of  Ole'ron; 
and  no  one  ever  saw  him  afterwards.— 
Thomas  Chestre,  Sir  Launfal  (a  metrical 
romance,  time,  Henry  VI.). 

*«*  James  Russell  Lowell  has  a  poem 
entitled  The  Vision  of  Sir  Launfal. 

Ijaura»  niece  of  duke  Gondibert, 
loved  by  two  brothers,  Arnold  and  Hugo, 
the  latter  dwarfed  in  stature.  Laura 
herself  loved  Arnold ;  but  both  brothers 
were  slain  in  the  faction  fight  stirred  up 
by  prince  Oswald  against  duke  Gondi- 
bert,  his  rival  in  the  love  of  Rhodalind 
only  child  of  Aribert  king  of  Lombardy. 
On  the  death  of  Arnold  and  Hugo,  Laura 
became  attached  to  Tybalt.  As  the  talc 
was  never  finished,  we  have  no  key  to 
the  poet's  intention  respecting  Laura  and 


LAURA. 


540 


LAVINIA. 


Trbiat.— Sir  Wm.  Dmveiuuit,    Gondibert 
(died  1668). 

LaurOj  a  YenetUo'lady,  who  married 
Beppo.  Beppo,  being  taken  captive, 
turned  Tnrk,  joined  a  band  of  pirates, 
and  grew  rich.  He  then  returned  to  his 
wife,  made  himself  known  to  her,  and 
"had  his  claim  allowed.**  Laura  is 
represented  a«  a  frivolous  mixture  of 
millinery  and  religion.  She  admires  her 
husbnnd's  turban,  and  dreads  his  new 
religion.  "  Are  you  really,  truly  now  a 
Turk?"  she  says.  "Well,  that's  the 
nrettiest  shawl !  Will  you  give  it  me  ? 
They  say  you  eat  no  pork.  Bless  me ! 
Did  I  ever?  No,  I  never  saw  a  man 
grown  so  yellow!  How*s  your  liver?** 
and  so  she  rattles  on. — Byrcm,  Beppo 
(1820). 

W*  fiev«r  read  of  Laun  withoot  bcbif  iwnlnded  of 
Addiwn's  Mmaetiom  «f  u  Co^uHtt^$  Beart,  In  tb«  endle— 
IntrlcBciM  of  which  noUiIng  could  bo  dlsUnctfar  laado  out 
but  Um  hnaco  of  •  flMna-cuoursd  hood.— Ftno—.  JUrroM 

Ijaura  and  Petrarch.  Some  say 
La  belie  Lattre  was  only  an  hypothetical 
name  used  by  the  poet  to  hang  the  inci- 
dents of  his  life  and  love  on.  If  a  real 
person,  it  was  Laura  de  Nwes,  the  wife 
of  Hugues  de  Sade  of  Avignon,  and  she 
died  of  the  plague  in  1348. 

Think  jnou.  if  Liuirm  had  been  Potruch'a  vtf*. 
Bo  would  havo  written  tonnets  all  hit  lit*  t 

Byron.  Don  Jumm.  BL  6  (ISSO). 

Iiaurana,  the  lady-love  of  prince 
Parismus  of  Bohemia. — Emanuel  Foord, 
The  History  of  Parisniut  (1698). 

Iiaureate  of  the  Qentle  Craft, 
Hans  Sachs,  the  cobbler-poet  of  Nurem- 
berg.   (Sec  Twelve  Wise  Masters.) 

Iiaurence  {Friar)^  the  good  friar 
who  promises  to  marry  Romeo  and 
Juliet.  He  supplies  Juliet  with  the 
sleeping  draught,  to  enable  her  to  quit 
her  home  without  arousing  scandal  or 
suspicion.  (See  Lawkknck.) — Shake- 
speare, Borneo  and  Juiiet  (1597). 

Iiaurrin^^nB  (TAc),  a  novel  by 
Mrs.  TroUopc,  a  satire  on  "superior 
people,'*  the  bustling  Bothebys  of  so- 
ciety (1843). 

Iiauzun  (The  duJte  <2f),  a  courtier  in 
the  court  of  Louis  XIV.  Licentious, 
light-hearted,  unprincipled,  and  extrava- 
gant. In  order  to  make  a  market,  he 
supplanted  La  Yalliorc  by  Mile,  de 
Montespan  in  the  king's  favour.  Montes- 
pan  thought  he  loved  her ;  but  when  he 
proposed  to  La  Yalliere  the  discarded 
nToorite*  Montespan  kicked  him  over. 


The  duke,  in  revenge,  persuaded  tha 
king  to  banish  the  lady,  and  when  La 
YalTi^re  took  the  veil,  the  king  sent  Md«. 
de  Montespan  this  cutting  epistle : 

Wedoootblunorou;  blanw  Moa^  to  lo«% 
And  loTo  had  noochi  with  yon. 
The  dok«  da  Lauam.  of  th«M  lines  the 
Conflmt  their  purport.   From  our  royal 
Wo  do  eauuee  your  ntoeeiica, 

LordLL  &  L/ttOB.  rft«  i>it 
ruOUr*,  T.  •  (ISMl 

Iiavaixie  {Sir),  brother  of  Elaine,  and 
son  of  the  lord  of  As'tolat.  Young,  brave, 
and  knightly.  He  accomfmnied  sir 
Lancelot  when  he  went  to  tilt  for  the 
ninth  diamond. — Tennyson,  IdyUs  of  the 
A7»;("EUine**). 

Ijavalette  (3  ^^O*  condemned  to 
death  for  sendmg  to  Napoleon  secret 
intelligence  of  Government  despatches. 
He  was  set  at  liberty  by  his  wife,  who 
took  his  place  in  prison,  but  became  a 
confirmed  lunatic 

Lord  Nithsdale  escaped  in  a  similar 
manner  from  the  Tower  of  London.  His 
wife  disguised  him  as  her  maid,  and  he 
passed  Uie  sentries  without  being  de- 
tected. 

La  Valliere  {Louise  duchess  de), 
betrothed  to  the  marquis  de  Bragelone 
(4  9yL)y  but  in  love  with  Louis  XJY., 
whose  mistress  she  became.  Conscienoe 
accused  her,  and  she  fled  to  a  convent ; 
but  the  king  took  her  out,  and  brought 
her  to  Ycrsulles.  He  soon  forsook  her 
for  Mde.  de  Montespan,  and  advised 
her  to  marry.  This  message  almost 
broke  her  heart,  and  she  said,  "  I  will 
choose  a  bridq^room  without  delay.** 
Accordingly  she  took  the  veil  of  a  Car- 
melite nun,  and  discovered  that  Brage- 
lond  was  a  monk.  Mde.  de  Montespan 
was  banished  from  the  court  bv  the 
capricious  monarch.  —  Lord  E.  L.  B. 
Lytton,  The  Duchess  de  la  Yalliere  (1836). 

Ijavender's  Blue 

"  Lavender's  blae.  Nttle  finger,  roeemaryli  fraen. 
When  I  am  king,  little  fin«er.  rou  rtuOl  be  c|ueen.* 
"  Who  told  you  •o.thonbirt  Thombr.  who  loU  yon  aot" 
"TwHs  tar  uwa  heart,  liule  finger.  Uiat  told  nie  ao.' 

**  When  Tou  are  dead,  little  ftnxer.  aa  It  vamj  hap,  * 
Tou  ehall  be  buried,  little  finger,  under  the  tap  ~ 
"For  wliyt  for  why.  thurobjrf    Thumtaf,  for  wlijrf" 
"  That  you  may  diiok,  Uttle  finger,  when  you  are  dfv.* 

AnWd  Xunerg  DtUp, 

Ijavin'ia,  dat^hter  of  Latfnus,  be- 
trothed to  Tumus  king  of  the  Rutuli.  When 
iEne'as  landed  in  It^y,  Latinus  made  an 
alliance  with  him,  and  promised  to  give 
him  Lavinia  to  wife.  This  brought  on  m, 
war  between  Tumus  and  iEneas,  that 
decided  b^  single  combat,  in  which  .£n< 
was  the  victor. — Ylrgil,  jEneid. 


LAYDOA. 


641 


LAW'S  TALK. 


Lctdr'ia^  dAogfater  of  Titos  Androo'- 
ieus  a  Boman  gemsral  employed  against 
the  Goths.  She  was  betrothed  to  Bassia'- 
nusv  brolher  of  Satnmias  emperor  of 
Rome.  Beiof^  defiled  bj  the  sons  of 
Tain'ora  qaeea  of  the  Goths,  her  hands 
vere  cut  off  and  her  tonene  plucked  oat. 
At  Icnicth  her  father  Titos  killed  her, 
saying,  "  I  am  as  woeful  as  Yirginins  was, 
and  bive  a  thousand  times  more  cause 
than  he  to  do  this  outrage.*" — (?)  Shake- 
speare, TUua  Andron'icus  (1593). 

In  the  play,  Andronicus  is  alwa^^s 
called  A*.drvn\i.kus,  but  in  clasuc 
authors  it  is  An,dro.n^,ku8, 

Lavm'iOy  sister  of  lord  Al'tamont,  and 
wife  of  Horatio.— N.  Rowe,  2^  Fair 
Penitent  (1708). 

Iiavinia  and  Pale'mon.  Lavinia 
was  the  dao^ter  of  Acasto  patron  of 
Palemon,  from  whom  his  **libeml  fortune 
took  its  rise.**  Acasto  lost  his  property, 
and  d^in^,  left  a  widow  and  dau^ter  m 
▼ery  indigent  circumstances.  Palemon 
often  songht  them  out,  but  could  never 
find  them.  One  day,  a  lovely  modest 
maiden  came  to  glean  in  PaIemon*s 
fields.  The  young  squire  was  greatly 
struck  wiUi  her  exceeding  beauty  and 
modesty,  but  did  not  dare  ally  himself 
with  a  pauper.  Upon  inquiry,  he  found 
that  the  b^utifnl  gleaner  was  the  daugh- 
ter of  Acasto ;  he  proposed  marriage,  and 
Lavinia  **  blushea  assent.**  —  Thomson, 
SeoBons  ("  Autumn, "*  1730). 

*^*  The  resemblance  between  tiiis  tale 
and  the  Bible  story  of  Ruth  and  Boaz 
most  be  obvious  to  every  one. 

Iiavinian  Shore  (Tlie),  Italy.  La- 
Yinium  was  a  town  of  Latinm,  founded 
by  ifine'afl  in  honour  of  his  wife  Lsvinia. 

Pvom  tb*  rich  Larlninn  ■bora. 
I  fov  mariMi  com*  lo  ttora. 


Iiaw  of  Athens  (The).  By  Athe- 
nian law,  a  father  could  dispose  of  his 
daughter  in  marriage  as  he  liked.  EgSus 
pleaded  this  law,  and  demanded  that  his 
dmghter  Hermia  should  marry  Demetrius 
or  suffer  the  penalty  of  the  law ;  if  she 
will  not 

OuwmH  to  waanj  wtUi  Dnuetrfai. 
I  bw  Um  HMlMt  prinks*  of  Atb«»  ) 
AMtbthmlut,  Iwmrdkpomothtr: 
Which  •ban  be  dUMr  to  thb  feotleniaa. 
Or  to  hM*  death :  aaoonUiig  to  our  law. 

tkmkm^mn,  Midttumtmtr  JfipJktt  Dnam, 

act  L  K.  1  (1503). 

Xiaw  of  Flanders  ( The),  Charles 
^'  the  Good,**  earl  of  Flanocrs  made  a  law 
tXuU  a  serf,  unless  legally  emancipated,  was 


always  a  serf,  and  that  whoever  married 
a  serf  became  a  serf.  S.  Knowles  haa 
founded  his  tragedy  called  The'Prooost  of 
Bruges  on  this  law  (1836). 

Iiaw  of  Iiombardy  (The). 

We  hare  a  law  peculiar  to  thh  reahn. 
That  ral4«ct*  to  a  mortal  patialty 
All  woowa  nobbr  bom  . . .  who,  to  the  dmam 
or  ehaatl^.  o'crltas  it«  tfaonnr  boqndi. 
To  waotoa  In  the  mnrmj  pan  of  pleaeura. 

ActlLl 

On  this  law  Robert  Je^son  has  fbiroded 
the  following  tragedy :  The  duke  Bire'no, 
heir  to  the  crown,  falsely  charges  the 
princess  Sophia  of  incontinence.  The 
▼illainy  of  tne  duke  being  discovered,  he 
is  slain  in  combat  by  a  Briton  named 
Paladore,  and  the  victor  marries  the 
princess  (1779). 

Iiaw's  Bubble,  the  famous  Missis- 
sippi scheme,  devised  by  John  Law 
(1716-1720). 

liaw's  Tale  (The  Man  of)^  the  tale 
about  Custance,  daughter  of  the  emperor 
of  Rome,  affianced  to  Uie  sultan  of  Syria. 
On  the  wedding  night  the  sultan's  mother 
murdered  aU  Oie  bridal  party  for  apos- 
tacy,  except  distance,  whom  she  turned 
adrift  in  a  ship.  The  ship  stranded  on 
the  shores  of  Britain,  where  Gnstanoe  was 
rescued  by  the  lord-constable  of  Nor&<- 
umberland,  whose  wife,  Hermegild,  be- 
came much  attached  to  her.  A  young 
knight  wished  to  marry  Custance,  but 
she  declined  his  suit ;  whereupon  he 
murdered  Hermegild,  and  then  laid  the 
knife  beside  Custance,  to  make  it  *pp<Bar 
that  she  had  committed  the  deed.  King 
Alia,  who  tried  the  case,  soon  discovert 
the  truth,  executed  the  knight,  and 
married  Custance.  Now  was  repeated 
the  same  infamy  as  occurred  to  her  in 
Syria:  the  queen-mother  Donegild  dis- 
approved of  the  match,  and,  during  the 
absence  of  her  son  in  Scotland,  embarked 
Custance  and  her  infant  son  in  the  same 
ship,  which  she  turned  adrift.  After 
floating  about  for  five  years,  it  was  taken 
in  tow  by  the  Roman  fleet  on  its  return 
from  Syria,  and  Custance  was  put  under 
the  chaige  of  a  Roman  senator.  It  so 
happenea  that  Alia  was  at  Rome  at  the 
very  time  on  a  pilgrimage,  met  his  wife, 
and  they  returned  to  Nurthumberlana 
together. 

This  story  is  found  in  Gower,  who 
probably  took  it  from  the  French  chro- 
nicle of  Nicholas  Trivet. 

A  similar  story  forms  the  outlina  of 
Emdri  (3  5y/.),  a  romance  in  Ritfeon'i 
collection. 


LAWFORD. 


642 


LEA. 


The  knight  mardering  Hermegild,  etc., 
icfembles  ao  incident  m  the  Frendi  Ro^ 
fNOfi  de  la  Violette^  the  English  metrical 
romance  of  Le  Bone  Horenoc  of  Borne  (in 
Ritson),  and  also  a  tale  in  the  Oesta 
Somanorum,  69. 

Ijawford  (Mr,),  the  town  clerk  of 
Middiemas.— Sir  W.  ScoU,  The  Surgeon's 
Daughter  (time,  George  II.). 

Iiawrenoe  (/Vior).  a  Franciscan  who 
undertakes  to  many  Borneo  and  Juliet. 
(See  Laubbnob.) 

Lawrence  (Tom),  alias  "  Tybnm  Tom  " 
or  Tuck,  a  highwayman.  (See  Lau- 
RBNCB.)— Sir  W.  Scott,  Heart  of  Mid- 
lothian (time,  George  II.). 

Iia  Writ,  a  little  wrangling  French 
adTocflte. — Beaumont  and  rletoier,  The 
Little  French  Lawyer  (1647). 

Ijawson  (Sandie),  landlord  of  the 
Sim  hotel.— Sir  W.  Scott,  St.  Ronan's 
Well  (time,  (^rge  III.). 

Iiawyers'  Bags.  In  the  O>mmon 
Law  bar,  bwrristers*  bags  are  either  red  or 
dark  blue,  "  Ked  bags**  are  reserved  for 
queen's  counsel  and  seijeants,  but  a  stuff- 
gownsman  may  carry  one  '*if  presmted 
withitbya^sUk.'"  Only  red  bags  may 
be  taken  into  O>mmon  Law  courts,  blue 
ones  must  be  carried  no  further  than  the 
robing-room.  In  Ghanoery  courts  the 
etiquette  is  not  so  strict. 

Iiay  of  the  Last  Minstrel. 
LAdve  Margaret  [Scott]  of  Branksome 
Hall,  the  **  flower  of  Teviot,"  was  beloved 
by  baron  Henr^  of  Cranstown,  but  a 
deadly  feud  existed  between  the  two 
families.  Gne  day,  an  elfin  page  allured 
ladye  Margaret's  brother  (the  heir  of 
Branksome  Hall)  into  a  wood,  where  he 
fell  into  the  hands  of  the  Southerners. 
At  the  same  time  an  army  of  3000 
English  marched  to  Branksome  Hall  to 
take  it,  but  hearing  that  Douglas,  with 
10,000  men,  was  on  the  march  a^inst 
them,  the  two  chiefs  agreed  to  deciae  the 
contest  by  single  combat.  The  English 
champion  was  sir  Richard  Musgrave,  the 
Scotcu  champion  called  himself  sir 
William  Dcloraine.  Victory  fell  to  the 
Scotch,  when  it  was  discovered  that  **  sir 
,  William  Deloraine"  was  in  reality  lord 
I  Cranstown,  who  then  claimed  and  re- 
ceived the  band  of  ladye  Margaret  as  his 
reward. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Lay  of  the  Last 
Minstrel  (1805). 

Iiayers-over      for     Meddlers* 


nothing  that  concerns  you.  Said  to 
diildren  when  they  want  to  know  some- 
thing which  the  parson  asked  does  not 
think  proper  to  explain  to  them.  A 
layer-over  means  "  a  whip,"  and  a  layer" 
over  for  meddlers  means  a  '*  rod  for  the 
medalesome.** 

Xiasarillo,  a  humonrsome  varlet,  who 

serves  two  masters,    **don  Felix**  and 

Octavio.      lAzarillo    makes    the    usual 

quota  of  mistakes,  such  as  giving  letters 

and  money  to  the  wrong  master ;  but  it 

turns  out  that  don  Felix  is  donna  Clara, 

Hhe  fiances  of  Octavio,  and  so  all  comes 

right. — Jephson,  ISoo  Strings  to  your  Bow 

(1792). 

Jonph  MandMi  (17S6>18tt]  wm  Um  oiVmI  "  Tairflh* 
^-Mmnotr  ^J.B.  Mumdm  (18n)L 

IiaBarillo  de  Tormee,  the  hero  of  a 
romance  of  roguery  by  don  Diego  de 
Mendo'za(155d).  Lazanllo  is  a  compound 
of  poverty  andj>ride,  full  of  stratagems 
and  devices.  The  "  hidalgo  **  walka  the 
streets  (as  he  says)  "  like  the  duke  of 
Arcos,**  but  is  occupied  at  home  "  to  pro- 
cure a  crust  of  dry  bread,  and,  having 
munched  it,  he  is  equally  puzzl^  how  to 
appear  in  public  with  due  decorum.  He 
fits  out  a  ruffle  so  as  to  suggest  the  idea 
of  a  shirt,  and  so  adjusts  a  cloak  aa  to 
look  as  if  there  were  clothes  under  it.** 
We  find  him  begging  bread,  *'not  for 
food,**  but  simply  for  experiments.  He 
eats  it  to  see  *'  if  it  is  digestible  and 
wholesome ;  *'  yet  is  he  gay  withal  and 
always  rakish. 

liSaanui  and  DivSs.  Lazama  waa 
a  blotched  beggar,  who  implored  the  aid  of 
Div^s.  At  death,  Lazarus  went  to  heaven, 
and  Divgs  to  hell,  where  he  implored  that 
the  beggar  might  be  suffered  to  bring 
him  a  drop  of  water  to  cool  his  lips  withaL 
—Luke  xvi.  19-81. 

*«*  Lazarus  is  the  only  proper  name 
given  in  a6y  of  the  Mew  Testament 
parables. 

Iiazy  Iiawrenoe  of  Iiubber- 
Ijand,  the  hero  of  a  popular  tale.  Ha 
served  the  schoolmaster,  the  squire*B  cook, 
the  farmer,  and  his  own  wife,  all  which 
was  accounted  treason  in  Lubber-land. 

Ijea^  one  of  the  **dau^ters  of  men,** 
beloved  by  one  of  the  ^sons  of  God.** 
The  angel  who  loved  her  ranked  with  the 
least  of  the  spirits  of  light,  whose  post 
around  the  throne  was  in  the  outermost 
circle.  Sent  to  earth  on  a  message,  he 
saw  Lea  bathing,  and  fell  in  love  with 
her;  but  Lea  was  so  heavenly  minded 


LEAD  APES  IK  HELL. 


54«       LEAGUE  OF  PUBLIC  WEAL. 


^•i  hff  waly  wish  was  to  '*  dwell  in 
ivritj  and  aerve  (vod  in  singlencfls  of 
bMit.**  Her  angel  lorer,  in  the  madnees 
of  hia  pMsion,  told  Lea  the  spell-word 
that  gare  him  admittance  into  heaven. 
The  moment  Lea  uttered  it,  her  body 
beeame  spiritoal,  rote  through  the  air, 
and  Tiaisbed  from  aig^t.  C^  the  other 
hand,  the  angel  loat  hia  ethereal  nature, 
and  became  altM^ether  earUily,  like  a 
dtild  of  day. — T,  Moore,  Loves  of  the 
AmgtU,  L  (1822). 

laead  Apes  in  HeU,  i.^.  die  an  old 


'  IManCUi,  dioa  srt  d  my  CM* 
PMr  ll«t  fua.  vboTv*  nnrwi  so  loM  an ' 
ibMU  Ae  •  vtqdD.  mU  had  apM  ui  Ik 

T— r  partlMi  h  filw  hnilwd  thotamd  poond. 

Owcf .  Ckr9iiomkat»mtkologoa. 

Iieagne  {The)^  a  league  formed  at 
P#onne  in  1576,  to  prevent  the  accession 
of  Henri  lY.  to  the  throne  of  France, 
becaose  be  was  of  the  reformed  religion. 
This  leegne  was  mainly  due  to  the  Guises. 
It  is  occasionally  called  "The  Holy 
League;**  but  the  **Holy  League^ 
strictly  so  called  is  quite  another  thing, 
and  it  is  better  not  to  confound  different 
ercnts  by  giving  them  the  same  naoM. 
(See  Lbaoub,  Holt.) 

Leamie  {The  Aehaan)^  b.c.  281-146. 
The  old  Itt^e  consisted  of  the  twelve 
Achcan  cities  confederated  for  self- 
defence  from  the  remotest  times.  The 
Icaf^  properly  so  called  was  formed 
agamst  the  Macedonians. 

Leagim  (The  .^tolittn)^  formed  some 
fluee  eentaries  B.C.,  when  it  became  a 
lormidaUe  rival  to  the  Macedonian  mon- 
aichs  and  the  AchsBan  League. 

Leme  (The  Grey),  1424,  called  Lia 
Griacha  or  Grcmbuna^  from  the  grey 
homespun  dress  of  the  confederate 
peasants,  the  Grisons.  in  Switzerland. 
This  league  combinea  with  the  Lei^e 
Caddee  (1401)  and  the  League  of  the  Ten 
Jurisdictions  (1436),  in  a  perpetual 
alliance  in  1471.  The  object  of  these 
leagues  was  to  resist  domestic  tyranny. 

League  (  The  Hanee  or  ffatueatic),  1241- 
1630,  a  great  commercial  confederation  of 
German  towns,  to  protect  their  merchan- 
dise against  the  Baltic  pirates,  and  defend 
their  ri^to  against  the  German  barons 
•ad  princes.  It  began  with  Hamburg 
and  Lubeck,  and  was  joined  by  Bremen, 
Bruges,  Ber]^«m,  Nov<^rod,  London, 
Cologne,  Brunswick,  Danzig;  and,  after. 
var«u  by  Dunkerque,  Anvers,  Ostend, 


Dordrecht,  Rotterdam,  Amsterdam,  ^c  ; 
still  later  by  Calais,  Rouen,  St.  Mido, 
Bordeaux,  Bayonne,  Marseilles,  Barce- 
lona, Seville,  Cadiz,  and  Lisbon;  and 
lastly  by  Messina,  Naples,  ete.;  in  all 
eighty  cities. 

League  (The  ffolv).  Several  leagues 
are  so  denominated,  but  that  emphatiotlly 
■o  called  is  the  league  of  1611  against 
Louis  XII.,  formed  by  pope  Julius  II., 
Ferdinand  •'  the  CathoUc,**  Henry  YIII., 
the  Venetians,  and  the  Swiss.  Gaston  de 
Foix  obtained  a  victory  over  the  league 
at  Ravenna  in  1512,  but  died  in  the  midst 
of  his  triumj^. 

League  {The  Solemn),  1638,  formed  in 
ScotUmd  against  the  episcopal  govern- 
ment of  the  Church. 

Iieague  Caddee  (The)  or  Ligue  de 
la  Mawm  de  Dieu  (1401),  a  confederadon 
of  the  Grisons  for  the  purpose  of  lesistinc 
domestic  tjnanny.    (See  Lbaoub,  Grkt.)  ^ 

Iieasn^e  of  Augsburg  (1686),  a 
confedemtion  of  the  house  of  Austria 
with  Sweden,  Saxony,  Bavaria,  the 
circles  of  Swabia  and  Franconia,  etc, 
against  Louis  XIY.  This  league  was 
the  beginning  of  that  war  whi<m  termi- 
nated m  the  peace  of  Ryswick  (1698). 

Iieague  of  Caznbray  (1508),  formed 
by  the  emperor  Maximilian  I.,  Louis  XII. 
of  France,  Ferdinand  *'  the  Catholic  **  and 
pope  Julius  II.,  against  the  republic  of 
Venice. 

Ijeague  of  Batdsbonne  (1524),  by 
the  catholic  powers  ot  Germany  agmnst 
the  progress  of  the  Reformation. 

Iieague  of  Bmalkalde  (December 
81,  1630),  the  protestant  stetes  of  Ger- 
many leagued  against  Charles  Quint.  It 
was  almost  broken  up  by  the  victory 
obtained  over  it  at  Mtthlberg  in  1647. 

Iieague  of  Wurtzbuig  (1610), 
formed  oy  the  catholic  stetes  of  Germanv 
against  the  '*  Protestant  Union  **  of  Had. 
Maximilian  I.  of  Bavaria  was  at  ito  head. 

Iieague  of  the  Beggars  (1660),  a 
combination  formed  against  the  Inquisi- 
tion in  Flanders. 

Iieague  of  the  Cities  of  Iiom- 
bardy  (1167),  under  the  patronage  of 

g>pe  Alexander  III.,  against  Frederick 
arbaroBsa  emperor  of  Germany.  In 
1226,  the  cities  combined  against  Fre- 
derick II.  of  Germany. 

Iieague  of  the  PubUo  Weal 


LBAKDBR. 


644 


LEAB. 


(Ligue  du  Bien  Pvblic),  1464,  a  lengue 
Detween  the  dukes  of  Burgundy,  Brit- 
tany, Bourbon,  and  other  princes,  against 
Louis  XI.  of  France. 

I«ean'der  (8  sy/.)»  a  young  man  of 
Abv'dos,  who  swam  ni^ditly  across  the 
Hellespont  to  visit  his  lady-love.  Hero 
a  priestess  of  Settos.  One  night  he  was 
drowned  in  his  attempt,  and  Hero  leaped 
into  the  Hellespont  and  died  also. 

I1ie  story  is  told  by  Musteus  in  his 
poem  called  ffero  and  Leander,  Schiller 
has  made  it  the  subject  of  a  ballad. 

*»*  Lord  Byron  and  lieutenant  Eken- 
head  repeated  the  feat  of  Leander,  and 
accomplished  it  in  1  hr.  10  min. ;  the 
distance  (allowing  for  drifting)  would  be 
about  four  jniles. 

A  young  native  of  St.  Croix,  in  1817, 
swam  across  the  Sound  in  2  hr.  40  min., 
tiie  distance  being  six  miles. 

Captain  Webb,  Au^^  24,  1875,  swam 
from  Dover  to  Calais  in  22  hr.  40  min., 
tiie  distance  being  thirty  mUes,  including 
drifting. 

LeaiCdery  a  young  Spanish  scholar, 
smitten  with  Leonora,  a  maiden  under 
the  charae  of  don  Diego,  and  whom  the 
don  wished  to  make  his  wife.  The 
young  scholar  disguised  himself  as  a 
minstrel  to  amuse  M  ungo  the  slave,  and 
with  a  little  flattery  and  a  few  gold  pieces 
lulled  the  vigilance  of  Ursula  tne  duenna, 
and  gained  admittance  to  the  lady.  As 
the  lovers  were  about  to  elope,  don  Diego 
unexpectedly  returned ;  but  being  a  man 
of  60,  and,  what  u  more,  a  man  of 
sense,  he  at  once  perceived  that  Leander 
waa  a  more  suitable  husband  for  Leonora 
than  himself,  and  accordingly^  sanctioned 
their  union  and  gave  the  bride  a  hand- 
some dowry. — I.  Bickerstaff,  Tha  Fad- 
lock, 

Ijeandra»  daughter  of  an  opulent 
Spanish  l^rmer.  who  eloped  with  Ymcent 
de  la  Rosa,  a  neartless  adventurer,  who 
robbed  her  of  all  her  money,  jewels,  and 
ot*ie' valuables,  and  then  left  her  to  make 
he'  >ay  home  as  best  she  could.  Leandra 
was  placed  in  a  convent  till  the  scandal 
had  blown  over. — Cervantes,  Don  Quixote^ 
1.  iv.  20  ("The  Goat-herd*s  Story,"  1605). 

li^andre  (2  tylX  son  of  G^onte 
(2  sifl.).  During  the  absence  of  his  father, 
he  tcU  in  love  with  Zerbinette,  whom  he 
supposed  to  be  a  young  gipsy,  but  who 
was  in  reality  the  daughter  of  Ar^nte 
(2  »yU)  his  father's  friend.  Some  gipsies 
had  stolen  the  child    when   only  four 


years  old,  and  required  £1500  for  ^«t£ 
ransom — a  sum  of  money  whidi  Scapin 
contrived  to  obtain  from  L^andre's  father 
under  false  pretences.  When  Gi^ronte 
discovered  that  his  son's  bride  was  the 
daogfater  of  his  friend  Argante,  he  was 

Suite  willing  to  excuse  Scapin  for  the 
eceit  practised  on  him. — ^Holi^te,  Ln 
Hwiterks  de  Soapin  (1671). 

(In  Otway's  version  of  this  comedy, 
called  The  Cheat*  cf  Soapiny  L^andre  is 
Anglicized  into  "Leander;**  G^ronte  is 
called  "  Gripe ;  •*  Zerbinette  is  "  Lucia ; " 
Argante  is  "  Thrifty ;  **  and  the  sum  of 
money  is  £200.) 

LSdndre,  the  lover  of  Lucinde  daag^- 
ter  of  C^ronte  (2  ayi,).  Being  forbidden 
the  house,  Lucinde  pretended  to  be  domb, 
and  L^uidre,  being  introduced  in  the  guise 
of  an  apothecary,  effects  a  cure  by  "  pills 
matrimoniac."  —  Moli^re,  Le  M6aecm 
Malgr^  Ltti  (1666). 

Zjean'dro,  a  gentleman  who  wantonly 
loves  Amaranta  (the  wife  of  Bar'tolus 
a  covetous  lawyer). — Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  The  Spanish  Curate  (1622). 

I«ean'dro  the  Fair  (T%e  ExpioUa 
and  Adventures  cfj^  part  of  the  senes 
called  Le  Soman  dee  Romans^  pertaining 
to  "Am'adis  of  Gaul.*'  Tliis  part  was 
added  by  Pedro  de  Lujan. 

Iiear,  m]rthical  king  of  Britain,  son 
of  Bladud.  He  had  three  daughters,  and 
when  four  score  years  old,  wiuiing  to  re- 
tire from  the  active  duties  of  sovereignty, 
resolved  to  divide  his  kingddm  between 
them  in  proportion  to  their  love.  The 
two  elder  said  they  loved  him  more  tiiaa 
their  tongue  could  express,  but  Cordelia 
the  youngest  said  she  loved  him  as  it 
became  a  daughter  to  love  her  father. 
The  old  king,  displeased  with  her  answer, 
disinherited  Cordelia,  and  divided  his 
kingdom  between  the  other  two,  with  the 
condition  that  each  alternately,  month  by 
month,  should  give  him  a  home,  with  a 
suite  of  a  hundred  knights.  He  spent  the 
first  month  with  his  eldest  daughter,  who 
showed  him  scant  hospitality.  Then  going 
to  the  second,  she  refused  to  entertain  so 
large  a  suite;  whereupon  the  old  man 
would  not  enter  her  house^^but  ipeat  the 
night  abroad  in  a  storm.  tVhen  Cordelia, 
who  had  married  the  king  of  Franoe, 
heard  of  this,  she  brought  an  army  over  to 
dethrone  her  sisters,  but  was  taken  prisooer 
and  died  in  jaiL  In  the  mean  time,  tiia 
elder  sister  (Goneril)  first  poisoned  her 
ycunger  sister  from  jealousy,  and    " 


LEAR. 


646 


LEGEND. 


wards  pot  an  end  to  her  own  life.  Tvenr 
Also  died.— Shakespeare,  KiTig  Lear 
(1605). 

mi€  best  performers  of  "  king  Lear  " 
were  David  Garrick  (1716-1779)  and  W. 
CMacready  (1793-1873).  The  stage  Z«ir 
is  a  cormpt  version  by  Nahum  Tate  (Tate 
and  Brady} ;  as  the  stage  Richard  III. 
is  Coller  Gibber's  travesty.) 

*♦•  Percv,  in  his  Heliqtiea  of  Ancient 
Engiiak  Poetry,  has  a  ballad  about  "  King 
Leir  and  His  Three  Daughters  **  (series  L 
iLjL 

The  story  is  given  by  Geoffrey  of  Mon- 
mouth, in  his  British  History.  Spenser 
has  introduced  the  tale  in  his  Faery 
Qmeem  (iL  10). 

Oamden  tells  a  similar  story  of  Ina 
tiie  king  of  the  West  Saxons  {BemainSf 
vOo). 

Lear  (Kmg)y  8hakespeare*s  drama, 
first  printed  in  quarto  (1608),  is  founded 
on  The  True  Chronicle  History  o/"  King 
Leir  an/f  His  Three  Daughters.  OonorUL 
SagoH,  and  Cordelia  (1605). 

Iieaimed   (7^),   Goloman  king  of 
(*,  1096-1114). 


Iieamed  Blacksmith  (The),  Elihn 
Banitt,  the  linguist  (1811-1879). 

I«eamed  Painter  (The),  Gharles 
Lebrun,  noted  for  Uie  accuracy  of  his 
costumes  (1619-1690). 

Iieamed  Tailor  (The),  Henry 
Wild  of  Norwich,  who  mastered,  while 
be  worked  at  his  trade,  Greek,  Latin, 
Hebrew,  dialdaic,  Syriac,  Persian,  and 
Axabic  (1684-1734). 

Iieamed  Theban  (A)j  a  guesser  of 
riddles  or  dark  savings ;  in  allusion  to 
CEdJDos  king  of  Thebis,  who  solved  the 
fiddle  of  the  Sphinx. 

rn  tdk  •  wBcd  wUh  Uito  mum  leanwd  Tbeban. 


Iieather-stockings,  the  nickname 
of  Nat^  Bumppo,  a  half -savage  and 
ludf-Chnstian  cnevalier  of  American 
wild-life.  He  anpears  in  five  of  J.  F. 
Cooper's  norels,  nenoe  called  the  Leath- 
er-stocking Tales. — See  Bumppo, 


_  fUBdi  half-viijr  betwMa  mngt  and 

BIb.    He  hM  Um  fraduMM  of  natim  ftnd  tba 

ofGhriitlMittj;  the  Med  dropped  Into  ligDroM 

e  are  Hw  aieaieoto  of  one  of  tbe  mo*  oiWnal 

is  SethM.— DiVcUnck.  ^^ 

lie  Castre,  the  indulgent  father  of 
Mirabel  "the  wild  goose.*' — Beaumont 
and  Fletdier,  The  WUd-goote  Chase 
(1652). 


liliClair  (Philippe),  orderly  of  cap- 
tain Florian.  L'Eclair  is  a  great  boaster, 
who  masks  his  brag  under  the  guise  of 
modestv.  He  pajrs  his  court  to  Rosa- 
belle,  the  lady's-maid  of  lady  Geraldine. 
— W.  Dimond,  The  Foundling  of  the 
Forest. 

Ijed  Captain  (A),  an  obsequious 
person,  who  stvles  himself  "  Captain  ; " 
and,  out  of  cupboard  love,  dances  attend- 
ance on  the  master  and  mistress  of  a 
house. 

Mr.  WasK.  the  oelebntad  wit.  and  •  led  captain  and 
trenchennaa  of  mjr  lord  Stejme.  vm  cansed  by  the  ladiaa 
to  make  the  a«aalt.— Tbackenor.  ranUg  Fair,  li.  (1848). 

Ijee  (iSKr  Henry),  hn  officer  in  attend- 
ance at  Greenwich  Palace.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
KenUteorth  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Lee  (Sir  Henry),  an  old  royalist,  and 
head-ranger  of  Woodstock  Forest. 

Alice  Lee,  daughter  of  the  old  knight. 
She  marries  Markham  Everard. 

Colonel  Albert  Lee,  her  brother,  the 
friend  of  Charles  II.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Woodstock  (time,  Commonwealth). 

Iieek,  worn  on  St.  David's  Day.  The 
general  tale  is  that  king  Cadwallader,  in 
640,  gained  a  complete  victory  over  the 
Saxons  by  the  special  interposition  of 
St.  David,  who  ordered  the  Britons  to 
wear  leeks  in  their  caps,  that  they  might 
recognize  each  other.  The  Saxons,  for 
want  of  some  common  cognizance,  often 
mistook  friends  for  foes.  Drayton  gives 
another  version  :  He  says  the  saint  Uved 
in  the  valley  Ewias  (2  syl.),  situate  be- 
tween the  Hatterill  Hills,  in  Monmouth- 
shire. It  was  here  **  that  reverend  British 
saint  to  contemplation  lived," 

...  and  did  ao  tniljr  tut. 
At  be  did  only  drink  what  eryital  Hodnqr  yldda, 
And  fed  upon  the  leekt  he  leathered  In  the  flelda. 
In  nemory  of  wboni.  hi  each  ravolving  year. 
The  Webhuen.  on  his  day  [Jieureh  li  that  meni  herb  do 


Polpolblom,  It.  (1S12). 

Iiefevre  (Lieutenant),  a  poor  officer 
djring  from  want  and  sickness.  His 
pathetic  stonr  is  told  by  Sterne,  in  a  novel 
called  Hie  Life  and  Opinions  of  Tristram 
Shandy  (1769). 

"  Mr.  Fnhner.  I  ha?e  borrowed  a  book  (Iron  four  diopL 
Tb  the  tUth  volume  of  my  decooaed  friend.  Trlstnun  .  . . 
The  dlTliie  story  of  Lefevre.  wfaidi  makes  part  of  this  book. 
.  .  .  does  bonoar,  not  to  its  author  only,  but  to  human 
nature."— CUnberiand.  7ft«  IFeaf  /ndlan,  IL  L 

Iiegend  (Sir  Sampson),  a  foolish, 
testy,  prejudiced,  and  obstinate  old  man, 
between  50  and  60.  His  favourite  oath 
is  "Odd!"  He  tries  to  disinherit  his 
elder  son  Valentine,  for  his  favourite  son 
Ben,  a  sailor ;  and  he  fancies  Angelica 

2  » 


LEGEND. 


546 


LEUE. 


Si  in  love  with  him,  when  she  only  intends 
to  fool  him. 

Hevya:  **  Iknovtbeleafthaf  tfaecmpcnrorChim's 
fbot.  have  kknd  Uw  Orwt  llaful'a  sliKwr.  and  hav*  rid 
•-biintinc  upon  un  dcpbant  wtlh  the  duun  at  Tkrtaiy."— 
W.  Co(V«Ta,  Lmmfvr  Io*«,  U.  (ISM). 

"Sir  Sunpasn  tfnd*  b  meh  AiiotlNr  l7taif>  vmt^ 
iMBriiV  ebanctar.  bat  h«  do«i  not  ooom  op  to  "Mr 
Kpleora  Mammon "  [Bn  Jooaoo.  rJU  AUHtmnUi^-e. 


Legend  {The  QcUien),  a  serai-dimmatic 
poem  by  Lonefellow,  taken  from  an  old 
uerman  tale  by  Haitmann  von  der  Aue 
iOur\,  called  Poor  Henn^  (1851).  Hart- 
fnann  was  one  of  the  mmnesiI^geI■,  and 
lived  in  the  twelfth  century.  (See 
Hknry,  Poor.) 

Ijegend  of  Montrose,  a  novel  by 
sir  W.  Scott  (1819).  This  brief,  im- 
perfect story  contains  one  of  Scott's  best 
characters,  the  redoubted  Kittmaster, 
Dupild  Dalgetty,  a  combination  of  sol- 
dado  and  p^antic  student  of  Mareschal 
College,  Aberdeen. 

Ije^nds  (Oolden)^  a  collection  of 
monkish  legends,  in  Latin,  by  Jacob  de 
Yoragine  or  Yaragine,  bom  at  Yaraggio, 
in  Genoa.  He  wrote  Legenda  SanctOj 
which  was  so  popular  that  it  was  called 
"  Legenda  Anrea  *'  (1280-1298). 

Ijegion  of  Honour,  an  order  of 
merit,  instituted  by  Napoleon  I.  when 
**  first  consul,"  in  1802.  The  undress 
badges  are,  for : 

(jhevcUierSy  a  bow  of  red  ribbon  in  the 
button-hole  of  their  coat,  to  which  a 
medal  is  attached. 

Officers,  a  rosette  of  red  ribbon,  etc., 
with  medal. 

Commanders,  a  collar-ribbon. 

Grand-officers,  a  broad  ribbon  under 
the  waistcoat. 

Grand-cross,  a  broad  ribbon,  with  a 
star  on  the  breast,  and  a  jewel-cross 
pendent. 

*«*  Napoleon  III.  instituted  a  lower 
degree  than  Chevalier,  call^  M^daUle 
Muitaire,  distinguished  by  a  yeliow  rib- 
bon. 

IiOgree,  a  slave-dealer  and  hideous 
villain,  brutalized  by  slave-dealing  and 
■lave  -  driving. — Mrs.  Beecher  Stowe, 
Unde  Tom^s  Cabm  (1868). 

Iieioester  ( The  earl  of),  in  the  court 
of  queen  Elizabeth. 

The  countess  of  Leicester  (bom  Amy 
Robsart),  but  previously  betrothed  U\ 
Edmund  Tressilian.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
^fjeniltoorth  (time,  Elizabeth).    . 

Iieigh  {Aurora),  the  heroine  and  title 


of  a  poem  by  Mrs.  Browning.  Tbo 
design  of  this  poem  is  to  show  the  noble 
aim  of  trae  art. 


Iieila,the  young  Tnrkirii  child 
by  don  Juan  at  tiie  siege  of  Ismail  (canto 
viii.  98-102).  She  went  with  him  to  St. 
Petersburg,  and  then  he  brought  her  to 
England.  As  Don  Juan  was  nev«  com- 
pleted, the  future  history  of  Leila  has  no 
sequel. 

.  .  .athlirid* 
Brt  Uttlo  Lrila.  who  ■ondTcd  fhe  pWTte 
He  made  'gdnst  Co— ok  aOira^  la  tho  wiAi 

B0OB.  Am  iAmm.  s.  n  08M|l 

Le^la  (2  syL),  the  beautiful  slave  of 
the  caliph  Hassan.  She  falls  in  loTe 
with  <'  the  Giaour  "  [dfoii/.er],  flees  firooa 
the  seraglio,  is  overtaken,  and  cast  inte 
theses. 


Hot  «yW  dufc  Cham  *twera  vatD  to  M : 

BotgaeoBthatof  thesMwBi 
It  will  aakt  tby  ftmnr  w«IL 

Iieilah,  the  Oriental  type  of  female 
loveliness,  chastity,  and  impassioned 
affection.  Her  love  for  Meindnn,  in  Mo- 
hammedan romance,  is  held  in  much  Uie 
same  light  as  that  of  the  bride  for  tkke 
brid^room  in  Solomon's  song,  or  Cupid 
and  Psychd  among  the  Greeks. 

When  he  mng  the  lovat  of  Mocnton  and  LaiM  r«ie1 
.  .  .  teawtneeBriblyowfepwedUiecheataefhtoaBiHtini^ 
— W.  BeoUonl.  VmtMt  (178S). 

Ijeipaio.  So-and-so wu my Leipme,my 
fall,  my  irrevocable  disaster,  my  ruin ;  re- 
ferring to  (he  battle  of  Leipsic  (OctiA>er, 
1818),  in  whidi  Napoleon  I.  was  defeated 
and  compelled  to  retreat.  This  was  tlM 
**  beginmng  of  his  end.'* 

JiianwaeinyMowow[iiinrfnyp<<wrX*irfFaMeffc(l<HL| 
MrLaiiNlc. 

BjTOB.  Don  /MM.  xL  IS  (USQ. 


Ij.  £.  li.,  initialism  of  Letitia  Eliza- 
beth Landon  (afterwards  Mrs.  Madean), 
poetess  (1802-1888). 

Ijela  Marion,  the  Ylrgin  Mary. 

In  mr  chOdhood,  aqr  fhther  ke|it  a  davei  wtao^  !■  any 
own  tongue  [^iraMel  lutnicted  me  In  the  ChriiUM 
wonhlp,  and  Infonnad  me  of  mmmy  Uringi  ef  Tate 
Marion. -Oenrantei,  Zton  Qmtaou,  L  it.  10  (ISOB). 

Ijelia,  a  cunning,  wanton  widow, 
with  whom  Julio  is  in  love. — Beanmoat 
and  Fletcher,  The  Captain  (1618). 

Ulie  (2  syL),  a  young  man  engaged 
to  C^ie  daughter  of  Gorgibns;  but 
Gorgibus  insists  that  his  daughter  shall 
give  up  Ldie  for  Yalbre,  a  much  richer 
man.  C^ie  faints  on  hearing  this,  and 
drops  the  miniature  of  Lolie,  whiph  ia 
picked  up  by  SganQrelle's  wife.  Sgana- 
reile  finds  it,  and,  supposing  it  to  te  a 


LEUE. 


647 


LEON. 


of  his  wife,  takes  possesflion  of  it, 
and  recognizes  Uflie  as  the  living  on- 
^nal.  I^ie  asks  how  he  came  by  it, 
10  told  he  took  it  from  his  wife,  and  con- 
cludes that  he  means  C^ie.  He  accuses 
her  of  infidelity  in  the  presence  of  Sgana- 
relle,  and  the  whole  mystery  is  cleared 
up.— Moli^  SganarelU  (1660). 

L€Ue,  an  inconsequential,  light-headed, 
bat  gentlemanly  coxcomb.  —  Moli^, 
I/Eiourdi  (1663). 

Xje'inan  {Lahe)^  tiie  lake  of  Geneva ; 
called  in  Latin  Lemannus, 


n 


to« 


M  with  tea  cnntBl  hat. 
wlMra  the  atara  and  moontatiw  Ttov 
of  thdr  acpoci  in  eadi  tmcM 
dtapth  yield*  cif  tbdr  fw  height  and  hoa. 
S^rraa,  ChUda  Bar^td.  m.  68  (1816). 


Tf<»TWTiiA.Ti  ]Dead  (A),  one  of  un- 
paralleled cruelty  and  barbarity.  This 
Greek  phrase  owes  its  origin  to  the 
l^oid  that  tiie  Lemnian  women  rose 
one  ni^t,  and  put  to  death  every  man 
and  mSle  child  in  the  island. 

On  another  occasion  they  slew  all  the 
men  and  all  Uie  children  bom  of  Athenian 


Iflenore,  a  name  which  Edgar  Poe 
has  introdoeed  in  two  of  his  poems ;  one 
called  The  Raoen^  and  the  other  called 
Lemore  (1811-1849). 

LeMore,  the  heroine  of  Burger's  ballad 
of  that  name,  in  which  a  spectral  lover 
appears  to  his  mistress  after  death, 
and  carries  her  on  horseback  behind  bim 
to  the  graveyard,  where  their  marriage  is 
celebrated  amid  a  crew  of  howling  gob- 
lins. 

%*  The  Suffolk  Miracle  is  an  old 
English  ballad  of  like  character. 

Iienormand  (Mdlle,)jtkftLmouB  tu'etue 
de  cartes.  She  was  a  squat,  fussy,  little 
( id  woman,  with  a  gnarled  and  knotted 
visage,  and  an  imperturbable  eye.  She 
vore  her  hair  cut  short  and  parted  on  one 
aide,  like  that  of  a  man ;  dressed  in  an 
odd-looking  oasaquin,  embroidered  and 
frogged  like  the  jacket  of  an  hussar ; 
andsnulFed  continually.  This  was  the 
little  old  woman  whom  Napoleon  I. 
reg^larl^  consulted  before  setting  out  on 
a  campaurn.  Mdlle.  Lenormand  foretold 
to  Josephine  her  divorce;  and  when 
llurat  king  of  Naples  visited  her  in 
di^ptise,  she  gave  him  the  cards  to  cut, 
and  he  cut  four  times  in  succession  le 
gt-andDendu  (king  of  diamonds) ;  where- 
upon ildlle.  rose  and  said,  ^^  La  sc'ance 
«8t  termini;  c^est  dix  louis  pour   les 


rois;"   pocketed  the  fee,  and  left  the 
room  taking  snuff. 

(In  cartomancy,  le  grandpendu  signifies 
that  the  person  to  which  it  is  dealt,  or 
who  cuts  it,  will  die  by  the  hands  of  the 
executioner.    See  Grand  Prndu.) 

Iient  (GcUeazzo^s),  a  form  of  torture 
devised  by  (jaleazzo  Visconti,  calculated 
to  prolong  the  victim's  life  for  forty 
days. 

Iien'ville  (2  sy/.),  first  tragedian  at 
the  Portsmouth  Theatre.  When  Nicholas 
Nickleby  joined  the  company,  Mr.  Len- 
ville  was  jealous,  and  attempted  to  pull 
his  nose ;  but  Nicholas  pulled  the  nose 
of  Mr.  Lenville  instead. — C.  Dickens, 
Nicholas  Nickleby  (1838). 

Iieodegraxinoe  or  Leodooran,  king 
of  Camelyard,  father  of  Guenever  (king 
Arthur's  wife).  Uther  the  pendra^on 
gave  him  the  famous  Round  Table,  which 
would  seat  150  knights  (pt.  i.  45) ;  and 
when  Arthur  married  Guenever,  Leode- 
graunce  gave  him  the  table  and  100 
knights  as  a  wedding  gift  (pt.  i.  46). 
The  table  was  made  by  Merlin,  and  each 
seat  had  on  it  the  name  of  the  knight  to 
whom  it  belonged.  One  of  the  seats  was 
called  the  **  Siege  Perilous,"  because  no 
one  could  sit  on  it  without  **  peril  of  his 
life  "  except  sir  Galahad  the  virtuous 
and  chaste,  who  accomplished  the  quest 
of  the  holy  graal.  —  Sir  T.  Malory, 
History  of  Prince  Arihwr  (1470). 

Leodosran.  the  king  of  Oundlanl  [«ie]L 
Had  one  (air  daughter  and  none  otiier  child; 
And  die  was  fiUrest  of  all  fleih  on  earth. 
OttineTara,  and  in  her  hit  one  delight 

Tennjnon,  Oomimg  9/  Artkmr, 

Iie'oline  (3  syl,)^  one  of  the  male 
attendants  of  Dionys'ia  wife  of  Cleon 
governor  of  Tarsus,  and  employed  by  his 
mistress  to  murder  Mari'na  the  orphan 
daughter  of  prince  Pericles,  who  had 
been  committed  to  her  charge  to  bring 
up.  Leoline  took  Marina  to  the  shore 
with  this  view,  when  some  pirates  seized 
her,  and  sold  her  at  Metali'n§  for  a  slave. 
Leoline  told  his  mistress  that  the  orphan 
was  dead,  and  Dionysia  raised  a  splendid 
sepulchre  to  her  memory. — Shakespeare, 
Fericles  Prince  of  Tyre  (1608). 

Iieon,  son  of  Oonstantine  the  Greek 
emperor.  Amon  and  Beatrice,  the  parents 
of  Bradamant,  promise  to  him  their 
daughter  Bradamant  in  marriage;  but 
the  lady  is  in  love  with  Roge'ro,  When 
Leon  discovers  this  attachment,  he 
withdraws  his  suit,  and  Bradamant  mar- 


LEON. 


548 


LEONORA. 


rioi    Rogero. — ^Ariosto,    Orlando  Furioso 
(1616). 

LeoHf  the  hero  who  rules  Marpuitta 
his  wife  wisely,  and  wins  her  esteem  and 
wifely  obedience.  Margaritta  u  a  wealthy 
Spanish  heiress,  who  married  in  order  to 
indulge  in  wanton  intrigues  more  freely. 
She  selected  Leon  because  he  was  sup- 
posed to  be  a  milksop  whom  she  could 
i>end  to  her  will ;  but  no  sooner  is  ^e 
married  than  Leon  acts  with  manly  firm- 
ness and  determination,  but  with  great 
affection  also.  H  e  wins  the  esteem  of  every 
one,  and  Margaritta  becomes  a  loving, 
devoted,  virtuous,  and  obedient  wife. — 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  Bute  a  Wife 
and  Have  a  Wife  (1640). 

Mwanl  KjmMton  nsi*-l<K7)  execntod  Um  part  of 
"  Leon  "  with  •  det«Tmio«d  lUMiDnaa.  veil  worth  Uie  bMt 
•ctor'i  ImitMJon.  H«  bad  a  plerdnff  9^%  and  a  qtdck, 
bopcrious  rlvadtjr  of  voice.— Colkqr  Ctbbar. 

Iieonard,  a  real  scholar,  forced  for 
daily  bread  to  keep  a  common  school. — 
Crabbe,  Borough^  nxiv.  (1810). 

Iieonardo  [Gonzaoa],  duke  of 
Mantua.  Tmveiring  in  Switzerland,  an 
avalanche  fell  on  him,  and  he  was  nursed 
through  a  severe  illness  by  Mariana  tl>e 
daughter  of  a  Swiss  burgher,  and  they 
fell  in  love  with  each  other.  On  his  re- 
turn home,  he  was  entrapped  by  brigands, 
and  kept  prisoner  for  two  years.  Mariana, 
seeking  him,  went  to  Mantua,  where 
count  Florio  fell  in  love  with  her,  and 
obtained  her  guardian's  consent  to  their 
union ;  but  Mariana  refused  to  comply. 
The  case  was  referred  to  the  duke  (Fer- 
rardo),  who  gave  judgment  in  favour  of 
the  count.  Leonardo  happened  to  be 
present,  and,  throwing  off  his  disguise, 
assumed  his  rank  as  duke,  and  married 
Mariana ;  but^  being  called  away  to  the 
camp,  left  Ferrardo  regent.  Ferrardo 
laid  a  most  villainous  scheme  to  prove 
Mariana  guilty  of  adultery  with  Julian 
St.  Pierre ;  but  Leonardo  refused  to 
credit  her  guilt.  Julian  turned  out  to 
be  her  brother,  exposed  the  whole  plot, 
and  amply  vindicated  Mariana  of  Uie 
slightest  indiscretion.~S.  Knowles,  The 
Wife  (1888). 

Iieona'to,  governor  of  Messina, 
father  of  Hero,  and  uncle  of  Beatrice. — 
Shakespeare,  Mitch  Ado  about  Nothina 
(1600).  ^ 

Iieonesse  (8  sy/.),  Lbonmbssb, 
Lbonmais,  LsoNfis,  Leonnoys,  Lton- 
NOYS,  etc.,  a  mythical  country  belonging 
to  Cornwall,  supposed  to  have  been  sunk 


under  the  sea  since  the  time  of  knur 
Arthur.  It  is  very  frequently  moiticMied 
in  the  Arthurian  romances. 

Iieonidas  of  Modem  Oreece, 
Marco  Bozzaris,  a  Greek  patriot,  who, 
with  1200  men,  put  to  rout  4000  Tnrco- 
Albanians,  at  Kerpenisi,  but  was  killed 
in  the  attack  (1828).  He  was  buried  at 
Mesolonghi. 

Iie'onine  (8  syl.)^  servant  to  Dio- 
nyza. — Shakespeare,  FericU$  Prince  of 
Tyre  (1608). 

Iioonine  Verse.  So  called  from 
Leonius^  a  canon  of  tiie  church  of  St. 
Victor,  in  Paris,  in  the  twelfth  century, 
who  first  composed  them.  It  is  a  verse 
with  a  riiyme  m  the  middle,  as : 

Pepper  k  black,  tboogh  It  hatli  a  food  HBack. 
Eit  avlt  tn  dcuia  lacuor  quant  qoataor  «stf^ 

Iieonnoys  or  Leonesae  (a.r.),  « 
country  once  joining  Cornwall,  bat  now 
sunk  in  the  sea  full  forty  fathoms  deep. 
Sir  Tristram  was  bom  in  Leonds  or  Leon- 
noys,  and  is  always  called  a  Comiah 
knight. 

♦^*  Tennyson  calls  the  word  "  Lyon- 
nesse,*'  but  sir  T.  Malory  "  Leon^.** 

Iieo'no's  Head  (or  Lianos  Head), 
Porto  Leono,  the  ancient  Pirseus.  So 
called  from  a  huge  lion  of  white  marble, 
removed  by  the  Venetians  to  their 
arsenal. 


The  vanderloff  •trangv  near  tfa«  port 
A  millcwbite  lion  of  stapvndoan  ae. 
Of  antique  raartile.— hence  Uie  haven't  i 
Unknown  to  UMNlcni  nativee  whence  tt  < 

rUeoncr.  The  Ski/mrtek,  UL  S  (179S). 

Ijeonor,  sister  of  Isabelle,  an  orphan  ; 
brought  up  by  Ariste  (2  tyl.)  according 
to  his  notions  of  training  a  girl  to  make 
him  a  good  wife.  He  put  her  on  her 
honour,  tried  to  win  her  confidence  and 
love,  gave  her  all  the  liberty  consistent 
with  propriety  and  social  etiquette,  and 
found  that  she  loved  him,  and  made  him 
a  fond  and  faithful  w^e.  (See  Iha- 
RKLLK.)  —  Moli^re,  ViooU  on  Mari9 
(1661). 

Ijeono'ra,  the  usurping  queen  of 
Aragon,  betrothed  to  Bertran  a  prince 
of  toe  blood-royal,  but  in  love  with 
Torrismond  general  of  the  forces.  It 
turns  out  tint  Torrismond  is  son  and 
heir  of  Sancho  the  deposed  king.  San- 
cho  is  restored,  and  Torrismond  marries 
Leonora. — Dryden,  The  Spaniah  Fryor 
(1680). 

Leoncfra^  betrothed  to  don  Carlos,  bat 
don  Carlos  resigned  her  to  don  Alonzo, 


T' 


LEONORA. 


649 


LEONTES 


to  whom  she  proved  a  very  tender  and 
lonog  wife.  Zanga  tlie  Moor,  oot  of 
rerenge,  {misoned  the  mind  of  Alonzo 
a^unA  his  wife,  by  insinuating  her 
cnminal  love  for  don  Carlos.  Out  of 
jealousy,  Alonzo  had  his  friend  pnt  to 
death,  and  Leonora,  knowing  herself  sus- 
pected, put  an  end  to  her  life.— Edward 
Young,  I%e  Jtevenge  (1721). 

Leoiu/ra,  the  daughter  of  poor  parents, 
who  struck  the  fancy  of  don  Diego.  The 
dcm  made  a  compact  with  her  parents  to 
take  her  home  with  him  and  place  her 
onder  a  duenna  for  diree  months,  to  ascer- 
tain if  her  temper  was  as  sweet  as  her 
face  was  pretty,  and  at  the  expiration  of 
tbst  time,  either  to  return  her  spotless  or 
to  make  her  his  wife.  At  the  end  of 
three  months,  don  Diego  (a  man  of  60) 
goes  to  arrange  for  the  marriage,  lock- 
mg  his  house  and  garden,  as  he  sup- 
poies,  securely;  but  Leander,  a  young 
•tadeot,  smitten  with  Leonora,  makes  his 
vty  into  the  house,  and  b  about  to  elope 
vitii  her  when  the  don  returns.  Like  a  man 
of  sense,  don  Diego  at  once  sees  Uie  suit- 
ability of  the  match,  consents  to  the  union 
of  the  young  people,  and  even  settles  a 
■aniage  portion  on  Leonora,  his  ward 
If  not  his  wife.— I.  Bickerstaflf,  The 
Padlock,  '  ' 

Lecnoroj  betrothed  to  Ferdinand  a 
fieiy  young  Spaniard  (jealous  of  donna 
Clara,  who  has  assumed  boy's  clothes  for 
a  time).  Ferdinand  despises  tiie  **  am- 
phibious coxcomb,*'  and  calls  his  rival 
"a  vile  compound  of  fringe,  lace,  and 
wwder." — Jephson,  Two  Strings  to  your 

Leom/ra,  the  heroine  of  Miss  Edge- 
worth's  novel  of  the  same  name.  The 
object  of  the  tale  is  to  make  the  reader 
feel  what  is  good,  and  desirous  of  beinir 
» (1806).  ^ 

Leomjra,  wife  of  Fernando  Florestan 
a  State  prisoner  in  Seville.  In  order  to 
effect  her  husband's  release,  she  assumed 
the  attire  of  a  man,  and  the  name 
of  Fidelio.  In  this  dif^ise  she  entered 
the  service  of  Rocco  the  jailer,  and 
Uucellina  the  jailer's  daughter  fell  in 
wve  with  her.  Pizarro,  the  governor  of 
the  prison,  resolving  to  assassinate  Fcr- 
■«Mo  Florestan,  sent  Rocco  and  Fidelio 
^  dig  his  grave  in  the  prison-cell.  When 
R»rro  descended  to  perpetrate  the  deed 
01  blood,  Fidelio  drew  a  pistol  on  him ; 
•Bd  the  minister  of  state,  arriving  at  this 
criais,  ordered  the  prisoner  to  be  released.  | 


Leonora  (Fkklio)  was  allowed  to  un- 
lock her  husband's  chains,  and  Pizarro's 
revenge  came  to  naught. — Beethoven, 
Fideiio  (an  opera,  1791). 

Leotu/ra,  a  princess,  who  falls  in  love 
with  Manri'co,  the  supposed  son  of 
Azuce'na  a  gipsy,  but  in  reality  the  son 
of  Garzia  (brother  of  the  conte  di  Luna). 
The   conte   di    Luna  entertains   a  base 

Sission  for  the  princess,  and,  getting 
anrico  into  his  power,  is  about  to  kin 
him,  when  Leonora  intercedes,  and  pro- 
mises to  g^vc  herself  to  the  count  if  he 
will  spare  his  nephew's  life.  The  count 
consents;  but  wnile  he  goes  to  release 
Manrico,  Leonora  kills  herself  by  suck- 
ing poison  from  a  ring,  and  Manrico 
dies  also. — ^Yerdi,  //  TrwaU/rS  (an  opera, 
1868). 

Leonora  (The  History  of)^  an  episode 
in  the  novel  of  Joseph  Andrews,  by 
Fielding  (1742). 

Leono'ra  [d'Este]    (2  »y/.),  sister  of 

Alfonso  II.   reigning  duke  of   Ferranu 

The    poet    Tasso    conceived   a   violent 

passion  for  this  princess,  but  '*  she  knew 

it   not    or   viewed    it    with    disdain." 

Leonora  never  married,  but  lived  widi 

her   eldest   sister,  Lauretta   duchess    of 

Urbino,  who  was    separated    from    her 

husband.    The  episode  of  Sophronia  and 

Olindo  (Jerusaiem  Delivered,  li.)  is  based 

on  this  love  incident.     The  description  of 

Sophronia  is  that  of  Leonora,  and  her 

ignorance  of  Olindo's  love  points  to  the 

poet's  unregarded  devotion. 

But  tboa . .  .  AaH  bavo 

Ona-hair  Um  biard  which  o'mAadm  my  gnnr«  .  . . 

Ym.  Leonora,  it  A»U  be  oor  fate 

To  be  entwliMd  fur  ever.— but  too  late. 

hjna.  Th«  Lam*mt  e/  Tamo  (1817). 

Iieonora  de  Guaman,  the 
"favourite"  of  Alfonzo  XI.  ofCastile. 
Ferdinando,  not  knowing  that  she  was  the 
king's  mistress,  fell  in  love  with  her; 
and  Alfonzo,  to  reward  Ferdinando's  ser- 
vices, gave  her  to  him  in  marriage.  No 
sooner  was  this  done,  than  the  bride- 
groom learned  the  character  of  his  bride, 
rejected  her  with  scorn,  and  became  a 
monk.  Leonora  became  a  noviciate  in 
the  same  convent,  obtained  her  husband's 
forgiveness,  and  died. — Donizetti,  La 
Favorita  (an  opera,  1842). 

Iieon'tes  (8  syt.),  king  of  Sicily. 
He  invited  his  old  friend  Polixen^s 
king  of  Bohemia  to  come  and  stay  with 
him,  but  became  so  jealous  of  him  that 
he  commanded  Camillo  to  poison  him. 
Instead    of   doing  so,  Camillo   warned 


LEONTIUS. 


660 


LETHE. 


Polixengs  of  his  danger,  and  fled  with 
him  to  Bohemia.  The  rage  of  Leont^ 
was  now  anbounded,  and  he  cast  his  wife 
Hermione  into  prison,  where  she  gave 
birth  to  a  daughter.  The  king  ordered 
the  infant  to  oe  cast  oat  on  a  desert 
shore,  and  then  brought  his  wife  to  a 
public  trial.  HermionS  fainted  in  conrt, 
the  king  had  her  removed,  and  Paulina 
fioon  came  to  announce  that  the  queen 
was  dead.  Ultimately,  the  infant  daugh- 
ter was  discovered  under  the  name  of 
Perdlta,  and  was  married  to  Florizel  the 
son  of  Polixen^.  Hermiond  was  also 
discovered  to  the  king  in  a  tableau  vivant, 
and  the  joy  of  Leontes  was  complete. — 
Shakespeare,  The  Winter's  Tale  (1604). 

Iieon'tiua,  a  brave  but  merry  old 
soldier. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The 
Humorous  Lieutenant  (1647). 

liO'opold,  a  sea-captain,  enamoured 
of  Ui[>poryta,  a  rich  lady  wantonly  in 
love  with  Amoldo.  Amoldo,  however,  is 
contracted  to  the  chaste  Zeno'cia,  who  is 
baselj  pursued  by  the  governor  count 
Clodio. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The 
Custom  of  the  Country  (1647). 

Leopold,  archduke  of  Austria,  a 
crusader  who  arrested  Richard  I.  on  his 
way  home  from  the  Holy  Land. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  The  Talisman  (time,  Bichaid  I.). 

LeopoUL  nicknamed  Peu-a-pev  bv 
George  IV.  Stein,  speaking  of  LeopoId^s 
vacillating  conduct  m  reference  to  the 
Greek  throne,  says  of  him  :  "  He  has  no 
colour,"  t.tf.  no  fixed  plan  of  his  own,  but 
only  reflects  the  colour  of  those  around 
him  ;  in  other  wcrds,  he  is  "  blown  about 
by  every  wind." 

Iieporemo  (The  Exploits  and  Ad- 
ventures o/y,  part  of  the  series  called  Le 
jRoman  des  Momans^  pertaining  to  *  *  Amadis 
of  Gaul."  This  part  was  added  by  Pedro 
de  Lujan. 

liOporello,  in  The  Libertine,  by 
ShadweU  ^1676). 

The  foIlowinjBp  advertisement  from 
Liston  appeared  in  June,  1817 : — 

"  Mjr  benefit  takoi  pkMX  Uib  eren log  at  Oovent  Qu-dai 
TbeiUra.mnd  I  doabt  not  will  be  splendidljr  attended. .  .  . 
I  dian  perfonn'Foanm'ln  The  £fa*«,uid  'Leporeflo* 
in  The  LtbeHlns.  In  the  delineatloo  of  these  untoooB 
chancten  I  thaU  di^ilar  mueh  feeUngaoi  dtscrimhiation, 
together  with  great  taste  In  my  drenea  and  degance  of 
ntanner.  The  audiencee  will  be  delighted,  and  win  testify 
their  aiiprobatlon  bf  rapturoos  applane.  When,  In 
adtUtlon  to  my  profeuional  merits,  rq^ard  i»  bad  to  the 
lovallnesa  of  my  person  and  the  fHdnation  of  my  face, 
.  .  .  there  can  be  no  doabt  that  this  announcement  wlU 
receive  the  attention  It  deaenrM.**-^.  Lfatoo. 


Leporelloy  the  vnlet  of  don  Giovanni. 
^Mozart,  Don  Oiouthni  (an  opera,  1787). 


liermitee  and  Martafiso^two 
rats  that  conspired  against  the  White 
Cat. — Oomtease  D'Aunoy,  Fairy  Tales 
("  The  White  CJat,"  1682). 

Ijesbia,  the  poetic  name  given  by  the 
poet  Ottullus  to  nis  favourite  lady  (^odia. 

Iiosbian  Kiss  (Ay,  an  immodest 
kiss.  The  ancient  Lesbians  were  noted 
for  their  licentiousness,  and  hence  to 
"  Lcsbianize  "  became  synonymous  with 
licentious  sexual  indulgence,  and  **  Les- 
bia  "  meant  a  harlot. 

Ijesblan  Poets  (The),  Terpaader, 
Alcieus,  Ari'on,  and  the  poetess  Sappho. 

Iieabian  Hule,  squaring  the  role 
from  the  act,  and  not  the  act  from  the 
rule ;  like  correcting  a  sun-dial  by  a  clock, 
and  not  the  clock  by  the  sun-diaL  A 
Jesuit  excuse  for  doing  or  not  doing  as 
inclination  dictates. 

IiOSley  (Captain),  a  friend  of  captain 
M'Intyre.— Sir  W.  Scott.  The  AnHquary 
(time,  George  IH.). 

IiOSlie  (Oeneral),  a  parliamentary 
leader.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Legend  of  Mont- 
rose (time,  Charles  I.). 

T|<Mily  (lAKhvie),  sui named  Le  Be^- 
laMy  an  old  archer  in  the  Scotch  enard 
of  Louis  XI.  of  France.  Uncle  of  Quen- 
tin  Durward.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Quentin 
Durward  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Iiesurques  (Jerome),  A  solicitor,  who» 
being  in  grMtly  reduced  circnmstancesy 
holds  the  White  Lion  inn,  unknown  to 
his  son  (act  i.  2). 

Joseph  Lesurques  (2  syL),  son  of  the 
solicitor,  and  father  of  Julie.  He  is  so 
like  DuboBC  the  highwayman,  that  he  is 
accused  of  robbing  the  night-mail  &om 
Lyons,  and  murdering  the  courier. 

Julie  Lesurques,  daughter  of  Joseph 
Lesurques,  in  love  with  Didier.  Whei. 
her  father  is  imprisoned,  she  offers  to 
release  Didier  from  his  engsgement ;  bat 
he  remains  loyal  throughout. — Edward 
Stirling,  The  Courier  of  Lyons  (1852). 

Iie'tlie  (2  syl,),  one  of  the  five  riven 

of  helL  The  word  means  '*  foigetfniness.** 

The    other   riven   are   Styx,  Ach'eron, 

Cocy'tus,  and  Phleg'ethon.  Dante  makes 

L£thd  the  bounda^  between  purgatory 

and  paradise. 

Far  off  <hnn  these  (/ON*']  •  ■k>w  and  sOent  I 
LethA.  the  river  of  obllTion.  n>tb 
Hitf  waterx  lalnrrinth.  whereof  who  drtnks 
Forthwith  bla  fonner  stale  and  being  toSi 

Forgsu  boih  Joy  and  jxkf.  pJ*!awre  and  pate.    ^ 

Milton.  i'ttrMis*  iMtt  tt.  ttS,  «•».  (MM|k 


LETHEAN  DEWS. 


Ml 


LEWIS. 


Iiethe'an  Dews,  that  which  pro- 
duces a  dreamy  laogoar  and  obliviousness 
«f  the  troables  of  lue.  LdthS  personified 
oblivion  in  Grecian  mythok^,  and  the 
sool,  at  the  death  of  the  body,  drank  of 
the  river  Lethd  that  it  might  carry  into 
the  world  of  shadows  no  remembrance  of 
earth  and  its  concerns. 


li^o'«r(h*i 


Letters  (Greek),  Cadmos,  the  Phccni- 
cisn,  introduced  sixteen ;  Simonidds  and 
K{ttchannoe  (the  poets)  introduced  six  or 
eigfat  others;  but  there  is  the  greatest 
diverNly  upon  what  letters,  or  how  many, 
are  to  be  attributed  to  them.  Aristotle 
u,j9  Epidiarmoe  introduced  9|  x ;  otiiers 
tseribe  to  him  €,  n,  ^»  ••.  Dr.  Smith,  in 
his  Qassical  Dictionary^  tells  us  Simoni- 
d^B  inteodnced  "the  lonff  vowels  and 
double  letters**  (*h  «t  ^  x*  f*  ^).  Lempriere, 
mder  "Cadmus,**  ascribes  to  him  <»,(.#• 
x;  and  under  **  Simonidbs,**  k,  »»  (.  f . 
Others  maintain  that  the  SimonidCs* 
letters  are  4,  ••«  C  ^* 

LdUrt  {Father  of),  Fnui9ois  I.  of 
France,  Pere  des  Lettres  (1494,  151^ 
\hKl),  Lorenzo  de*  Medici,  "  the  Mag- 
aiSc8nt**(i44»-1492). 

Letters  of  the  Sepulohra,  the 
lawi  made  by  (Godfrey  and  thepatnarchs 
of  the  court  of  Jerusalem.  Tnere  were 
two  codes,  one  respecting  the  privil^^ 
of  the  nobles,  and  the  other  respectmg 
tile  limits  and  duties  of  burghers.  These 
eodet  were  laid  up  in  a  coffer  with  Uie 
ticafores  of  the  Ginrch   of   the    Holy 

Sepulchre. 

. 

Lenca'dia's  Bock,  a  promontory, 
the  south  extremity  of  the  island  Leucas 
or  Leucadia,  in  the  Ionian  Sea.  Sappho 
leapt  from  ihis  rock  when  she  found 
bcr  love  for  Pha'on  unrequited.  At  the 
aonoal  festival  of  Apollo,  a  criminal  was 
hurled  firom  Leucadia*8  Rock  into  the  sea ; 
bat  birds  of  various  sorts  were  attached  to 
him,  in  order  to  break  his  fall,  and  if  he 
was  not  killed  he  was  set  free.  The  leap 
from  this  rock  is  called  **The  Lovers* 
L»p.- 


11 


taip  wbo  rather  would  b«  iMDtw 
Hock  lUII  ovvrtuolu  Um  vam). 

hjfwm,  Do»Jmm,  tUMQBm 


Leooip'pe  (3  syl,),  wife  of  Menippus ; 
a  bawd  who  caters  for  king  Antig'onns, 
vbo,  although  an  old  man,  induces  in 
fte  amorous  follies  of  a  vonth.— -Beau- 
■oot  aod  Fletcher,  The  Jiumorous  Lieu- 
tmmt  (1647). 


Iieuooth'ea^  once  called  **Ino.**  Ath'- 
amas  son  of  ifi^lus  had  by  her  two  sons, 
one  of  whom  was  named  Melicer't^. 
Athamas  being  driven  mad,  Ino  and 
Melicert^  threw  themselves  into  the  sea ; 
Ino  became  Lencothea,  and  Melicert^ 
became  Pabemon  or  Portumnus  the  god 
of  ports  or  strands.  Leucothea  means 
the  "white  goddess,**  and  is  used  for 
**lilatuta**  or  the  dawn,  which  precedes 
sunrise,  ue,  Aurora. 

9f  LaooottMB's  lorafar  haa^ 
And  bm  mm  Uiat  rai«i  Um 


MUtoii.  OwMMk  87l(ieM). 
To  ranbrte  Uw  worid  whh  naend  light. 
ImeoAm  waked,  and  with  ft«h  dcwaanbalmed 
Iheaarth. 

MOtMi.  ^ttnMHM  iMt.  iL  US  (laSB). 

Iiev'aiit  Wind  (7^),  the  east  wind, 
from  Uvant  (**  the  sunrise  '*).  Ponent  is 
the  west  wind,  or  wind  from  the  sunset. 

Forth  HHh  tfaa  Levmataod  the  PoMnt  wiada 

MUton.  FaraMm  Lott.  z.  704  (ISm. 

Iieven  (The  earl  of),  a  parliamentary 
leader.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Legend  of  Montroee 
(time,  Charles  I.). 

Leviathan  of  Literature  (The). 
Dr.  Samuel  Johnson  (1709-1784). 

Levites  (The),  in  Dryden's  Absalom 
and  Achitophdf  means  the  nonconformist 
ministers  expelled  by  the  Act  of  Con- 
formity (1681-2). 

Levitt  (Frank),  a  highwayman. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Beart  of  MidMhum  (time, 
George  II.). 

Ijewis  (Don),  brother  of  Antonio,  and 
uncle  of  Carlos  the  bookworm,  of  whom 
he  is  dotingly  fond.  Don  Lewis  is  no 
scholar  himself,  but  he  adores  scholar- 
ship. He  is  headstrong  and  testy,  simple- 
hearted  and  kind. 


John  Qnldk'a  gnat  pvta  www  "don  Lawk."  -  Tonv 
Lampkin."  and  ^  Bob  ham'  [I748-1831J.— «werd«  i^ 

♦<,♦  *•  Tony  Lumpkin  "^  \n  She  Stoops  to 
Conquer  (Goldsmith) ;  **  Bob  Acres^*  in 
The  RhxUs  (Sheridan). 

Ijevp'is  (Lord),  father  of  Angeli'na.— 
Beaumont  >  ana  Fletcher,  Tm  Elder 
Brother  (1637). 

Lewis  (Matthew  Gregory),  generally 
called  "Monk  Lewis,**  from  his  romanoa 
The  Monk  (1794).  His  best-known  verses 
ajre  the  ballads  of  Ahnzo  the  Braioe  and 
BUI  Jones,  Ue  also  wrote  a  drama  en- 
titled Ttmour  the  Tartar  (1775-1818). 

Oh  I  wonder-worUng  Lawfal  Munk  or  'laid. 
Who  tela  wouU  inaka  PamaMiu  a  cbutvh/ard  t 
Lot  wreadu  of  yew,  not  laurel,  bind  ttajr  browt 
Tbjr  Mine  a  sprile,  ApoUo's  wxton  thoa. 
Bgrron.  J(m§tUk  Bard*  awf  Uettvk  Rttitmmft  (ISiS). 


LEWIS  BABOON. 


552 


LIBERTY  HALL. 


IfOwiB  Baboon.  Louis  XIY.  of 
France  is  so  called  by  Dr.  Arbuthnot  in 
his  History  of  John  Bull.  Baboon  is  a 
pan  on  the  word  Bowrhon,  specially  appro- 
priate to  this  royal  ** posture-master** 
(1712). 

IjeT!rkiier*8  I«ane  (London),  now 
called ChArles  Street,  Dmry  Lane;  always 
noted  for  its  **  soiled  doves." 

The  nTinpbs  of  chute  DlAii»*a  tnln. 
The  HUM  with  thow  In  Lawkner's  lAna. 

&  Batlar,  Eudibrma,  Ul.  1  (1678). 

Iiew'some  (2  *y/.).  »  youne  surgeon 
and  general  practitioner.  He  forms  the 
acquaintance  of  Jonas  Chnzzlewit,  and 
supplies  him  with  the  poison  which  he 
employs.-— C.  Dickens,  Martin  Chuzzlewit 
(1844). 

Iiewson,  a  noble,  honest  character. 
He  is  in  love  with  Charlotte  Beverley, 
and  marries  her,  although  her  brother  has 

S.mbled  away  all  her  fortune. — Edward 
oore,  The  Gamester  (1753). 

Iieycippes  and  Clitoplionta»  a 
romance  m  Greek,  by  Achilles  Tatius,  in 
the  fifth  century ;  borrowed  largely  from 
the  Theag'enes  and  Chariciia  of  Helio- 
dOms  bishop  of  Trikka. 

Liiar  (The)^  a  farce  by  Samuel  Footc 
(1761).  John  Wilding,  a  young  gentle- 
man fresh  from  Oxford,  has  an  extra- 
ordinary propensity  for  romancing.  lie 
invents  the  most  marvellous  tales,  utterly 
regardless  of  truth,  and  thereby  involves 
both  himself  and  others  in  endless  per- 
plexities. He  pretends  to  fall  in  love 
with  a  Miss  Grantam,  whom  he  acci- 
dentally meets,  and,  wishing  to  know 
her  name,  is  told  it  is  Godfrey,  and  that 
she  is  an  heiress.  Now  it  so  happens 
that  his  father  wants  him  to  marry  the 
real  Miss  Grantam,  and,  in  order  to 
avoid  so  doing^  he  says  he  is  already 
married  to  a  Miss  Sibthorpe.  He  after- 
wards tells  his  father  he  invented  this 
tale  because  he  really  wished  to  manpr 
Miss  Godfrey.  When  Miss  Godfrey  is 
introduced,  he  does  not  know  her,  and 
while  in  this  perplexity  a  woman  enters, 
who  declares  she  is  his  wife,  and  that  her 
maiden  name  was  Sibthorpe.  Again  he 
is  dumfounded,  declares  he  never  saw  her 
in  his  life,  and  rushes  out,  exclaiming, 
'*A11  the  world  is  gone  mad,  and  is  in 
league  against  me ! " 

*^*  The  plot  of  this  farce  is  from  t^e 
Spanish.  It  had  been  already  taken  by 
Comeille  in  Le  Mentewr  (1642),  and  by 
Steele  in  his  Lying  Loner  (1704). 


Uar  {The)^  AI  Aswad;  also  called 
"The  Impostor."  and  "The  Weather- 
cock." He  set  himself  up  as  a  prophet 
a^nst  Mahomet;  but  frequently  changed 
his  creed. 

Moseilma  was  also  called  "  The  Liar." 
He  wrote  a  letter  to  Mahomet,  which 
began  thus :  "  From  MosCilma  prophet  of 
AlUh,  to  Mahomet  prophet  of  Allah ; " 
and  received  an  answer  beginniiu^  thus : 
"  From  Mahomet  the  prophet  of  illah,  to 
Mos^ma  the  Liar." 

liiarB  (  The  Prince  of),  Ferdinand  Men- 
dez  Pinto,  a  Portuguese  traveller,  whose  * 
narratives  deal  so  much  in  the  marvellous 
that  Cervantes  dubbed  him  "  The  Pnnce 
of  Liars."  He  is  alluded  to  in  the  TaUer 
as  a  man  "  of  infinite  adventure  and  un- 
bounded imagination." 

Sir  John  Mandeville  is  called  "The 
Lying  TraveUer"  (1800-1372). 

Iiibaa'iel  (4  syl,),  the  guardian  angd 
of  Philip  the  apostlc—Klopstnck,  The 
Messiah,  ui.  (1748). 

Iiibec'ohio,  the  ventva  LyVkus  or 
■oath-west  wind  :  called  in  Latin  A'fer, 
The  word  occurs  in  Paradise  Lost,  x.  706 
(1666). 

laberator  (The),  Daniel  O'Connell 
was  so  called  because  he  was  the  leader 
of  the  Irish  party,  which  sought  to  sever 
Ireland  from  England.  Also  called  "The 
Irish  Agitator"  (1776-1847). 

Simon  Bolivar,  who  established  the 
independence  of  Peru,  is  so  ttlled  by  the 
Peruvians  (1785-1831). 

liberator  of  the  "New  World 
(The),  Dr.  FrankUn  (1706-1790). 

Iiiberty  (Goddess  of).  On  December 
20j  1793,  the  French  installed  the  wor- 
ship of  reason  for  the  worship  of  God, 
and  M.  Chaumette  induced  Mdlle.  Hal- 
liard, an  actress,  to  personify  the  "god- 
dess of  Liberty."  She  was  borne  m  a 
palanquin,  dressed  with  buskins,  a  Phry- 
gian cap,  and  a  blue  chlamys  over  a 
white  tunic.  Being  brought  to  Notre 
Dame,  she  was  placed  on  the  hi^h  altar, 
and  a  huge  candle  was  placed  behind  her. 
Mdlle.  Malliard  lighted  the  candle,  to 
signify  that  liberty  frees  the  mind  firom 
darkness,  and  is  the  "  light  of  the  world ; " 
then  M.  Qiaumette  feU  on  his  knees  to 
her  and  offered  incense  as  to  a  god. 

Liberty  ( The  goddess  of).  The  statue  so 
called,  placed  over  the  entrance  of  the 
Palais  Royal,  represented  Mde.  Tallieiu 

Iiiberty  HalL    Squire    Hardcastle 


LIBITINA. 


668 


LIGHT  OF  THE  AGE. 


njrs  to  ^<mng  lUrlow  and  HastiDgs,  when 
they  misteke  his  honse  for  an  "inn," 
and  gire  themselves  airs,  "This  is 
liberty  Hall,  gentlemen ;  yon  may  do 
JBst  as  TOO  please  here.*'— Goldsmith,  She 
atoopt  ft)  Comqmr,  i.  t  (1778). 

LiUtfiia,  the  soddess  who  presides 
over  fmMnlSf  and  bence  in  Latin  an  un- 
dertaker is  called  lihitina^rmt, 

f«o  phyJHaM  loTWt  OM.  vko,  by  ttair 
MMl  aMkm  mUJatcnof  lk«  soddMi  UM- 
MiJtaa.  Is.  8(1730). 


Library  {3t.  Victor's),  in  Pari^. 
Joseph  Scaliger  says  "it  had  absolntelv 
Bothm^  in  it  but  trash  and  rubbish.^* 
Babelais  gives  a  long  list  of  its  books, 
amongst  which  may  be  mentioned  the 
TuabrU  of  SalfxUkm,  the  Pomegranate  of 
Fkp,  the  Henbane  of  BiahopSj  the  Jftu- 
tard-pot  of  Penance,  the  Crvabie  of  Con- 
Um^aHon,  the  Goad  of  Wine,  the  Spur 
of  Cheese,  the  Cobhled-Shoe  of  Humility, 
tte  Trivet  of  Thowjht,  the  Cur^s  Bap  on 
He  KnmMes,  the  Pilqrms'  Spectades,  the 
Prelates*  Baigpipes,  the  Lawyer^  Furred 
Cat,  ^  Cardinais^  Bcup,  etc.— Rabelais, 
Pmtagmel,  n,  7  (1538). 

liichaa,  servant   of  Hercnlds,  who 

bfooght    to   him    from    Dejani'ra   tiie 

poificned  shirt  of  Nessos.  He  was  thrown 

by  Hercules  from  the  top  of  mount  Etna 

into  the  sea.    Seneca  says  {Hercules)  that 

liehas  was  tossed  aloft  into  the  air,  and 

crinkled   the   clouds    with   his    blood. 

Ovid  says :  "  He  congealed,  like  hail,  in 

■id-air,  and  turned  to  stone;  then,  ftUling 

ii^  the  Euboic  Sea,  became  a  rock,  which 

Btill  bears  his   name    and   retains   the 

knman  form  "  {Met.,  ix.). 

Ijt  ■»  ktdcB  LkbM  oa  tb«  bom  of  Um  moon. 

Amtemg amd Clttpmtra,  act  hr.  k.  10  (1008). 


Licked  into  Shape.  According  to 
kgead,  the  Touiig  bear  is  bom  a  shapeless 
asss,  and  tjie  dam  licks  her  cub  into  its 
proper  shape. 

Tbo  *o-b«w  Uda  bar  obi  tailo  ft  tort 

or 


Liekitup  {The  laird  of),  friend  of 
Keil  Blanc  the  town  piper. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  (HdMortalUy  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Lie.  The  four  P*8  disputed  as  to 
vnich  could  tell  the  greatest  lie.  The 
P&lmer  asserted  that  he  had  never  seen  a 
woman  out  of  patience  ;  the  other  three 
P«  (a  Pardoner,  a  Poticary,  and  a  Pedlar) 
were  so  taken  aback  by  tms  assertion  that 
tiiey  instantly  gave  up  the  contest,  saying 
ttat  it  was  certainly  the  greatest  false- 


hood they  had  ever  heard. — John  Hegr- 
wood,  The  Four  Fs  (1620). 

Lie.    Tennyson  says : 

A  Uo  which  Is  balf  •  tnitb  b  erar  tbo  bbehHt  or  Bn. 
A  Vi0>  wfaicfa  b  all  •  Uo  magr  b«  mot  and  foosbt  wUb  oat- 


Ibrtattevbldikpartatratti  k  a  barior  mattv  to  flfbt. 

Th9  BrumdimMhmr. 

Itiebenstein  and  Stemfels,  two 
ruined  castles  on  the  Rhine.  Leoline  the 
orphan  was  the  sole  surviving  child  o^ 
the  lord  of  Ltcbenstein,  and  two  brothers 
(Warbeck  and  Otto)  were  the  only  sur- 
viving children  of  the  lord  of  Stemfels. 
Both  these  brothers  fell  in  love  with  Leo- 
line,  but  as  the  lad^  gave  Otto  the  pre- 
ference, Warbeck  joined  the  crusades. 
Otto  followed  his  brother  to  Palestine, 
but  the  war  was  over,  and  Otto  brought 
back  with  him  a  Greek  girl,  whom  he 
had  made  his  bride.  Warbeck  now  sent 
a  challenge  to  his  brother  for  this  insult 
to  Leoline,  but  Leoline  interposed  to  stop 
the  fight.  Soon  after  this  the  Greek  wife 
eloped,  and  Otto  died  childless.  Leoline 
retired  to  the  adjacent  convent  of  Bom- 
hofen,  which  was  attacked  by  robbers, 
and  Warbeck,  in  repel liuj^  Uiem,  received 
his  death-wound,  and  died  in  tiie  lap  of 
Leoline. — Traditions  of  the  Rhine, 

lofid  {The  Battle  of),  a  Christmas 
story,  by  C.  Dickens  (1846).  It  is  the 
story  of  Grace  and  Marion,  tiie  two 
daughters  of  Dr.  Jeddler,  both  of  whom 
loved  Alfred  Heathfield,  their  father's 
ward.  Alfred  loved  the  younger  daugh- 
ter ;  but  Marion,  knowing  of  her  sister's 
love,  left  her  home  clandestinely,  and  all 
thought  she  had  eloped  with  MichaeJ 
Warden.  Alfred  then  married  Grace, 
and  in  due  time  Marion  made  it  known 
to  her  sister  that  she  had  given  up  Alfred 
to  her,  and  had  gone  to  live  with  ner  aunt 
Martha  till  they  were  nukrried.  It  is 
said  that  Marion  snbsequentljr  married 
Michael  Warden,  and  found  with  him  a 
happy  home. 

Iii^'a,  one  of  the  three  syrens.  Mil- 
ton gives  the  classic  syrens  combs;  but 
this  is  mixing  Greek  ^'rens  with  Scandi- 
navian mermaids.  (Lig^  or  Largeia 
means  "shrill,"  or  "sweet-voiced.") 

IBg]  Mx  Ligea't  oolden  comb. 
Wberevltb  sbo  aiu  oil  diiunoad  rocks, 
Sleekiog  her  auft  alluring  lockt. 

MUtoii.  ComH$.  8S0  (1<S4). 

(The  three  syrena  were  Parthen'opC', 
Ligea,  and  Leucos'ia,  not  Leucuthca,  q.v,) 

Lii^ht  of  the  Age^  Maimon'idcs  or 
Rabbi  Moses  ben  Maimon  of  Cor'dova 
(1135-1204). 


LIGHT  OF  THE  HARAM. 


554 


ULIS. 


Iiight  of  the  Haram  [«ic],  the 
sultazui  Noar'mfthal',  Afterwards  colled 
KoQijeham  ("  light  of  the  world  ").  She 
WM  Uie  bride  of  Selim  son  of  Acmt. — ^T. 
Moore,  LcUla  Rookh  (1817). 

liiglit  o'  Heel  {Janet),  mother  of 
Godfrey  Bertram  Hewit.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Guy  Manner ing  (time,  George  II.)* 

Iiightbody  (Luckie),  alias  "  Marian 
I^up-the-Dyke,"  mother  of  Jean  Girder 
the  cooper's  wife. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Bride 
of  Lananermoor  (time,  William  III.). 

Ijig^htbom,  the  mnrderer  who  assas- 
sinated Edward  II.--C.  Marlowe,  Ed- 
ward II.  (1592). 

liiglltfbot,  one  of  the  seven  attend- 
ants of  Fortmiio.  So  swift  was  he  of 
foot,  that  he  was  obliged  to  tie  his  legs 
when  he  went  hunting,  or  else  he  always 
outran  the  game,  and  so  lost  it. — Com- 
tesse  D'Aunoy,  Fairy  Tales  (**  Fortunio," 
1682). 

IdXlltniiig.  Benjamin  Franklin  in- 
Tented  lightoin^  conductors;  hence 
Campbell  says  it  is  allotted  to  man,  with 
Newton  to  mark  the  speed  of  light,  with 
llerschel  to  discover  planets,  and 

with  FimDklin  gnsp  Um  llghtniiii{'s  Urj  wing. 

Pieagurt$  if  Bvp;  L  (1790). 

Lightning  {Lovers  killed  by),  (See  under 
Lovers.) 

Iiightning  Protectors.  Jupiter 
chose  the  eagle  as  the  most  approved 
preservative  against  lightning,  Augustus 
Ctesar  the  sea-calf,  and  Tiberius  the 
laurel. — Collvmella^  x. ;  Suetonius,  In 
Vit.  Aug,,  xc. ;  Suetonius,  In  Vita  Tib., 
Ixix. 

Houseleek,  called  **  Jupiter's  Beard,"  is 
a  defence  against  lightning  and  evil  spirits ; 
hence  Chanemagne*s  edict : 

St  hftboat  qobqiM  tnpn  donmm  Mnm  Jorb  bttin. 

Xiigbtwood  {Mortimer),  a  solicitor, 
who  conducts  the  *'  Harmon  murder " 
case.  He  is  the  great  friend  of  Eugene 
Wraybum^  barrister-at-law,  and  it  is  the 
great  ambition  of  his  heart  to  imitate  the 
nonchalance  of  his  friend.  At  one  time 
Mortimer  Lightwood  admired  Bella 
Wilfer.— C.  Dickens,  Our  Mutual  Friend 
(1864). 

liigurian  Bepublio  (The),  Ve- 
netia,  Genoa,  and  part  of  Sardinia, 
formed  by  Napoleon  I.  in  1797. 

Iiigurian  Sage  {The)^  Aulus  Per- 
siuB  Flaccos,  the  satirist  (H4-62). 


Ijikeness.  Strabo  (father  of  Pom- 
pey)  and  his  cook  were  exactly  alike. 

Sura  (pro-consul  of  SicUv)  and  a  fisher- 
man were  so  much  alike  that  Sura  asked 
the  fisherman  if  his  mother  had  ever 
been  in  Rome.  "No,"  said  the  man, 
"  but  my  father  has." 

Walter  de  Hempdiam  abbot  of  Canter- 
bury and  his  shepnerd  were  so  alike  that 
when  the  shef^erd  was  dressed  in  the 
abbot's  gown,  even  king  John  was  deluded 
bv  the  resemblance.  —  Percy,  Beliques 
(**  King  John  and  tiie  Abbot  of  Chanter- 
bury"). 

*«*  The  brothers  Antipholus,  the 
brothers  Dromio,  the  brothers  Menscb- 
mus  (called  by  Plautus,  Sosicles  and 
Mensechmus),  etc. 

Iiik'stroncU  the  abode,  after  deaUi, 
of  perjurers,  assassins,  and  seducers. 
The  word  means  "strand  of  corpses." 
Nestrond  is  the  strand  or  shore  of  the 
dead. — Scandinavian  Mythology, 

Iiilbum  (John),  a  contentions  leveller 
in  the  Commonwealth,  of  whom  it  was 
said,  If  no  one  else  xoere  alive,  John  would 
quarrel  with  LUbum,  The  epigrammatic 
epitaph  of  John  Lilbum  is  as  follows : — 

Is  Jolinde|Mi1«d.  and  k  Lilboni  gOMf 
Farewell  lo  both,  to  LUbarn  aod  to  JohBl 
Tet  being  gone,  take  thb  advice  flran  me: 
I^  them  not  both  in  one  grave  Imried  be^ 
Hera  lay  jre  John ;  lay  UltMim  tlureaboat ; 
For  if  tbey  both  sIhmiU  nwe^  Uiejr  vould  lall  oat. 

Tiili,  immortalized  by  Goethe,  was 
Anna  Elizabeth  Schdnemann,  daughter 
of  a  Frankfort  banker.  She  was  16  when 
Goethe  first  knew  her. 

liUieB  {City  of),  Florence. 

liiPinau,  a  woman  wooed  by  a  phaa* 
tom  that  lived  in  her  father's  pines.  At 
night-fall  the  phantom  whispered  love, 
and  won  the  fair  Lilinau,  who  followed 
his  green  waving  plume  through  the 
forest,  but  never  more  was  seen. — Ameri' 
can-Indian  Legend, 


Told  rile  the  tale  of  the  bdr  lilinan.  who  wm  < 

pliautoni 
That  throiigh  the  ptnai  o'er  her  iMher'a  lodfB.  !■ 

of  the  twilight. 
BreatLed  like  the  •renins  wind,  and  whicpered  Im«  to  th* 


Tin  die  followed  hii  green  and  waving  phone  tbro*  Chi* 

forert. 
And  never  more  retamed,  nor  wm  aeen  ag^la  bjr  bar 

people. 

LongMkyw,  AanpefiiM,  IL  4  (1S4S). 

liilis  or  IjiUth,  Adam's  wife  before 
Eve  was  created.  Lilis  refused  to  submit 
to  Adam,  and  was  turned  out  of  paradise  ; 
but  she  still  haunts  the  air,  and  oa 
especially  hostile  to  new-bom  children. 

*^*  Goethe  has  introduced  her  in  his 
Fau$t  (1790). 


ULUA-BIANCA. 


566 


UKSa 


I^lia-Bianea,  the  bright  airy 
^Mghter  ot  Naotolct,  beloved  oy  Pinac 
the  feUow-traTeUer  of  Mifmbel  '*the 
wild  sooee.** — Beenmont  and  Fletcher, 
The  WUd-gwm  Ckate  (1652). 

LUUput^  the  ooontTf  of  the  UlU- 
patiaos,  a  race  of  pygmies  of  Tery  di- 
minntiTe  size,  to  whom  GalliTer  appeared 
a  moBstrona  giant.— Swift,  Chuliver'a 
IVtit>rf»(«*Voy«ge  to  UUipat,"  1726). 

*ft*  Tne  voyage  to  Lillipat  is  a  satire 
on  the  manners  and  habits  of  George  I. 

Idlly,  the  wtfeof  Andrew.  Andrew  is 
the  senrant  of  Qiaries  Brisao  a  scholar. — 
Besamont  and  Fletcher,  Tke  Elder  Brother 
(1637). 

LStty  (  WUHam),  an  English  astrolmr, 
who  was  emi^oyed  daring  the  Civil  Wars 
by  both  parties;  and  even  (Charles  I. 
eooinlted  nim  abont  his  projected  escape 
fmn  Carisbrooke  (^Ue  (1602-1681). 

B*  tate  «r  BaynoDl  Ullr  (f^)  and  th*  ghoit  «r  UQr. 
-W.  Outim,  Umj9r  La—,  U.  OSH). 

.Lillyviok,  the  collector  of  water- 
ntes,  and  ancle  to  Mrs.  Kenwigs.  He 
eoosidered  himself  far  superior  in  a  social 
point  of  view  to  Mr.  Kenwigs  who  was 
Mkly  an  ivory  tamer ;  bat  he  deigned  to 
acuowled^  the  relative,  and  confessed 
him  to  be  '*an  honest,  well-behaved, 
respectable  sort  of  a  man."  Mr.  Ully- 
vick-  lookad  en  himself  as  one  of  the 
AiU  of  society.  "  If  ever  an  old  gentle- 
nan  made  a  point  of  appearing  in  pnblio 
disved  close  and  clean,  that  old  gentle- 
Bsa  was  Mr.  Lillyvick.  If  ever  a  col- 
lector had  borne  himself  like  a  collector, 
sod  assamed  a  solemn  and  portentoas 
dignity,  as  if  he  had  the  whole  world  on 
his  books,  that  collector  was  Mr.  Lilly- 
viek.**  lir.  Kenwigs  thought  the  collec- 
tor, who  was  a  bachelor,  woald  leave 
each  of  the  KenwigsesXlOO:  bat  he  "had 
the  basenees  **  to  marry  Miss  Petowker 
of  the  Theatre  Boyal,  and  "  swindle  the 
Kcnwigses  of  their  golden  expecta- 
tions."—C  Dickens,  SichoUu  Ntokleby 
(1888). 

Lihr  {The)f  the  French  king  for  the 
tame  Being.  So  called  from  uie  lilies, 
which,  from  the  time  of  Clovis,  formed 
the  roval  device  of  France.  Tasso 
{JertimUm  Delivered)  calls  them  giyli 
fore  (**  golden  lilies  ) ;  but  lord  Lytton 
ealls  them  "  silver  lilies : " 


LoH  of  the  rfhw  UttM.  CMit  tboa  ten 
If  itw  MOM  fito  •«•!«  not  tkjr  daMendaatf 
l«l  I.  L  Bw  Wtt<».  r»«  AMkM  «•  ta  r«IIMrc  (]SM)l 


Iail7Maidof  Astolaty  Elaine  (a.v.)« 
(See  also  Laukoblot  aitd  Euunb.) 

Iiily  of  Medicine  (7^),  a  treatise 
written  by  Bernard  Gordon,  called  Lilium 
Medicma  (1480).     (See  Goboozi lus.) 

laimberham,  a  tame,  foolish  keeper. 
Sopposed  to  be  meant  for  the  duke  of 
Lauderdale. — Dryden,  Lmberham  or  I7ie 
Kind  ijeeper, 

lAmho  (Latin,  limbus,  "an  edge"), 
a  sort  of  neuteal  land  on  the  confines  of 
paradise,  for  those  who  are  not  good 
enough  for  heaven  and  not  bad  enou^ 
for  hell,  or  rather  for  those  who  cannot 
(according  to  the  Church  "  system  ")  be 
admitted  into  paradise,  either  because 
they  have  never  heard  tne  gospel  or  else 
have  never  beoi  baptized* 


Wera  blMBelMi;  and  If  aught  fhtf  OMritad. 

It  proflts  not,  dnet  baptfam  wm  not  tbdn. 

.  .  .  Utherhtttim 

Tha  gotpel  llvad.  O^serrdl  not  Ood  aright. 

...  For  thaw  dcfceta 

And  for  no  oth«  ovO.  wa  art  loit 

DattM.  /  VoHMw  tr.  OMtH. 

Limbo  of  the  Moon,  Ariosto.  in  his  Or- 
lando  PumoeOy  xxxiv.  70^  says,  m  the  moon 
are  treasured  up  the  precious  Ume  misspent 
in  play,  all  vain  efforts,  all  vows  never 
paid,  all  counsel  thrown  away,  all  desires 
that  lead  to  nothing,  the  vanity  of  titles, 
flattery,  great  men*s  promises,  court 
services,  and  death-bed  alms.  Pope 
says: 


IHion  haitMv  wila  ara  aopt  In  pondoroaa ' 
And  baanc'  In  inaff-baiai  and  tireMsr.caM0 ; 
Tbora  brokon  vows  and  daath.bad  alna  are  foond. 
And  loTcr^  hearts  with  ands  of  ribtion  bound ; 
The  courtler^s  pcuinlsw,  and  licfc  nuuiti  prnjnM^ 
Tha  smUoi  of  barlois,  and  the  taan  of  heba; 
Oaass  for  gnats,  and  chains  fjv^  a  Saa, 
Dilad  bntt•rila^  and  tomes  or  owubtry. 

Jbv«  4^  (*• /«dk.  ▼.  (ITlSll 

Limbo  Fatuorwn  or  the  **  Fools*  Para- 
dise,* for  idiots,  madmen,  and  others 
who  are  not  responsible  for  their  sins, 
but  yet  have  done  nothing  worthy  of 
salvation.  Milton  says,  from  the  earth 
fly  to  the  Paradise  of  Fools 

AS  thlofs  transltocT  and  vain  ...  tha  fhdta 

Of  pahtful  sufientmon  and  blind  asal  .  .  . 

An  the  unaceompUshed  works  of  Natare's  Iian4 

Aiiortlfe.  aaonstwius.  or  anldndljr  mbced  .  .  . 

Tlie  bullden  here  of  Babel  .  .  . 

Others  cone  single.    He  wtio  to  be  deemed 

A  fod.  leaped  fondly  Into  Etna's  flames, 

BmpedooMs;  and  he  who  to  mijoj 

Plato's  eljpsiom.  leaped  Into  the  saa  .  .  . 

Imbfyos  and  Wota,  ersmltm  and  fHan. 

PmnuUm  Lott,  UL  448  a«S). 

Urniho  Patrttm,  that  half-way  house 
between  pnrgatorjr  and  paradise,  where 
patriarchs  and  prophets,  saints,  mar- 
tyrs, and  confessors,  await  the  **  second 
coming."    This,  according  to  some,  is  the 


LIMI8S0. 


666 


LINET. 


hadte  or  «'heU'*  into  whidi  Christ  de- 
scended when  *'  He  pieAcfaed  to  the 
spirits  in  prison.'*  Dantd  places  Limbo 
on  the  contmes  of  hell,  bnt  tolls  ns  those 
doomed  to  dwell  there  ore  '*  onlj  so  Ht 
afflicted  u  that  they  live  witiioat  hope  ** 
{InfemOf  iv.). 

am  Uke  to  dance  Umm  Oum  dain.— AakaqMara,  iTtfitry 
r///.  act  T.  K.  S  a«>l). 

Limbo  Puerorum  or  "Child's  Paradise,*' 
for  nnbaptized  infants  too  yonng^  to  com- 
mit actual  sin  but  not  eligtble  for  heaven 
because  they  have  not  been  baptized. 

*^*  Accordtnfi^  to  Dant^  Limbo  is 
between  hell  and  that  border-land  where 
dwell  **the  praiseless  and  the  blameless 
dead.*'    (See  Inferno,  p.  47tf.) 

TilmiflBO,  the  dty  of  Cyprva  called 
Caria  by  Ptolemy. — ^Ariosto,  Orlando 
furio90  (1616). 

Iiindus.    (See  Ltxckits.) 

Idncoln  ( The  bishop  of)ybi  the  coort 
of  qoeen  Elizabeth.  He  was  Thomas  Ck>w- 
per. — Sir  W.  Scott,  KsMtiworth  (time, 
Elizabeth). 

Xiinooln  Qreen.  Lincoln  at  one 
time  dyed  the  best  green  of  all  England, 
and  Coventry  the  b^t  blue. 


.  .  ,  and  fills  In  Lincoln  gnen. 


Dtajrton,  iVjro/l 


ZXT.  (MU). 


*^*  Kendal  was  also  at  one  time  noted 

for  its  green.    Hence  Falstaff  speaks  of 

"three  misbigotton  knaves    in    Kendal 

gTeen."--Shake8peare,   1  Henry  /K.  act 

u.  sc.  4  (1697). 

Hare  ba  a  lort  of  rafnd  Itoafai  aonw  In. 
Qothad  all  tai  Kandua  sreana. 


lanoolnBhire  Orasier  (A).  The 
Rev.  Thomas  Hartwell  Home  published 
7^  Con^U  GraMier  under  this  pseu- 
donym (18U6). 

Iiinco^ra  (8  'yQt  husband  of  Cb'atel, 
and  a  captive  of  the  Az'tecas.  "  Once, 
when  a  chief  was  feasting  Madoc,  a 
captive  served  the  food.'*  Madoc  says, 
"  I  marked  the  youth,  fbr  he  had  features 
of  a  gentler  race ;  and  oftontimes  his  eye 
was  nxed  on  me  with  looks  of  more  than 
wonder.'*  This  young  man,  **  the  flower 
of  all  his  nation,**  was  to  be  immolated 
to  the  god  Tezcalipo'ca;  but  on  the  eve  of 
sacrifice  he  made  his  escape,  and  flew  to 
Madoc  for  protection.  The  fugritive 
proved  both  useful  and  fkuthful,  but 
when  he  heard  of  the  death  of  Coatel,  he 
was  <)uit»  taoari-tiroken.     Ayaya^ca,  to 


divert  him,  told  him  about  the  spirit- 
land  ;  and  Unooya  asked,  "  Is  the  wajr 
thither  long?' 


i»» 


I  TCfiliad.  "  A  tiiir  of  1 
**  I  knov  a  afaortar  path."  ekdalnad  the  yoaiM  J 
And  tmhaspraas.  audflmn  thepradpka 
DartatL    A  moment;  and  A)r»}r«caimrd 

Bit  badrf>ll  upon  the  raelabatoar.  ^ 

Sautbtr,  Madte,  B.  SB  (I9IB)L 

lindaiyrides  (4  sy/.),  a  euphemism 
tot  a  female  of  no  lepate,  a  oouxtesaiu 
Undabrid^  is  the  herome  of  the  romance 
entitled  The  Mirror  of  Knighthood^  one  of 
the  books  in  don  Quixote's  library  (pt.  I* 
i.  6).  and  the  name  became  a  household 
word  fbr  a  mistress.  It  occws  in  two  of 
sir  W.  Scott's  novday  KenOworth  and 
Woodstock. 

Iiindesay^  an  archer  in  the  9cntcli 
guard  of  Louts  XI.  of  France.-^SiF  W. 
Scott,  QuenUn  Duneard  (tinWy  Edwani 
IV.). 

Lindesay  (Zord)^  one  of  the  embassy  U> 
queen  Mary  of  Scotland. — Sir  W.  S<M>tC, 
The  Abbot  (time,  Elizabeth). 

liiiidor,  a  poetic  swain  or  lover  en 

oeryere» 

Do  not.  for  Heaven's  nike,  bring  4aam  Ctaylaa  sntf* 
Undor  upon  na.— Sir  W.  ScoCI. 

Iiindsay  (Margaref),  Ae  heroine  of  a 
novel  by  professor  John  Wilson,  entitled 
TVwi/s  of  Margaret  Lindsay^  a  very 
pathetic  story  (1785-1854). 

Iiinefy  daughter  of  sir  Persannt,  and 
sister  of  LionOs  of  Castle  Penlona 
(ch.  181).  Her  sister  was  held  captive 
by  sir  Ironside,  the  Red  Knight  of  the 
RJed  Lands.  Linet  went  to  king  Arthur  to 
entreat  that  one  of  his  knights  might  be 
sent  to  liberate  her ;  but  as  she  refused  to 
give  up  tiie  name  of  her  sister,  the  kinff 
said  no  knight  of  the  Bound  Table  coold 
undertake  the  adventure.  Atthis^ayoun^ 
nura  nicknamed  "Beanmaina**  (GitretA)^ 
who  had  been  serving  in  the  kitchen  for 
twelve  months^  entreiUed  that  he  might  be 
allowed  the  quest,  which  the  king  granted. 
Linet,  however,  tieafced  him  with  the  ut- 
most contumely,  calling  him  dish-washer, 
kitchen  knave,  and  lout;  but  he  over- 
threw all  the  knights  opposed  to  him, 
delivered  the  lady  Lion&ij  and  married 
her.  (See  LYirETne.)— Sir  T.  Malory, 
History  of  Prince  Arthur,  i.  120-1^ 
(1470). 

\*  Some  men  nicknamed  her  "The 
Savage'*  (ch.  151).  Tennyson,  in  his 
Oareth  and  Lynette,  makes  Garetii  marry 
Lynette,  which  spoils  the  allegory. 
(See  p.  365.) 


UNGO. 


567       LION  ATTENDING  OK  MAN. 


Idngo,  in  0'Keefe*8  comedy  Agreeable 
Bwrpriie  (1798). 

Lmkinwater  iTUn),  confidential 
derk  to  the  brothers  Cheeirble.  A  kind- 
hearted  old  bachelor,  foflfiili2ed  in  ideas, 
bot  most  kind-hearted,  and  deroted  to 
hb  masters  almost  to  idolatry.  He  is 
mndi  attached  to  a  bliiid  blackbird  called 
"  Dick,**  which  he  keeps  in  a  large  cage. 
The  bird  has  lost  its  roice  from  old  age : 
but,  in  Tim's  opinion,  there  is  no  equal 
to  it  in  the  whole  world.  The  old  clerk 
marries  Miss  JUa  Creevy,  «  miniature- 
painter. 


— I  — tffcwinHat-hoiMBdfcJ...  .  hapcrfonned 
t  mkaOgA  wtkMu,  and  arnuiipHi  Om  niontait  artlclM 
•'MiljUi* «-»  ta  •  Pwete  MMl  rcvriM-  onlflr.    P^mt. 
MB&  iBk.  raMr.  TMWng  wmuwwStn, . . .  Tlia*»  hst.  Tim'* 
feldad  ghrnt.  Tbn't  ottMr  coat.  ...  all  had 
'nehsi  of  qiace.  .  .  .  Aa*  waa  net  a 

^Wn— f  la  Willi  aoa  tlMa  Tlai  Iiakla> 

wc-C  Plckaai^  Jti6k«la$  JfUUe^.  uxvU.  (UMl 

IdBldftter  (Zonnir),  yeoman  of  the 
Ung^i  kitclMD.  A  friend  to  Ritchie 
lloiuplie0.-^r  W.  Scott,  Fortvnet  of 
Sigel  (time,  James  L). 

LilUie  {The  Hew  of)^  a  great  spend- 
&rift,  who  sold  his  estates  to  John-o  -the- 
Scales,  bis  steward,  reserving  for  himself 
only  a  "  poor  and  lonesome  lodge  in  a 
lenely  ^len.^   Here  he  found  a  rope,  with 
a  ranning  noose,  and  put  it  rouiid  his 
Bs^  wiu  the  intention  of  hanging  him- 
■dl     The  weight  of   his  body  broke 
tte  rope,  and  be  fell  to  the  ground.    He 
BOW  fonnd  two  chests  of  gold  and  one  of 
■Irer,    with    this    inscription :    **  Once 
■oic^  my  SOB,  I  set  diee  clear.    Amend 
thy  life,  or  a  rope  must  end  it."   The  heir 
of  Linne  now  went  to  the  steward  for  the 
loan  of  forty  pence,  which  was  denied 
him.    One  of  the  guests  said,   **Why. 
John,  yon  ousht  to  lend  it,  for  you  haa 
the  estates   ^eap  enongh."      "Cheap! 
■ay  yon.    Why,  he  shall  hare  them  back 
for  a  hundred  marks  less  than  the  money 
I  ^ve  for  them."     "  Done  !  **  said  the 
heir   of    Linne ;   and   eonnted    out  the 
money.    l%ns  he  recovered  his  estates, 
and  made  the  kind  ^est  his  forester. — 
Pfcrey,  BeHques^  II.  ii.  ft. 

Lian  (^>,  embkm  of  the  tribe  of 
Jadah.  In  ue  old  church  at  Totnes  is  a 
stone  pulpit  divided  into  compartments 
containing  ahields.  decorated  with  the 
itveral  emblems  of  tha  Jewish  tribes,  of 
which  this  is  one. 

iodih  b  a  Soo'a  whelp*  .  .  .  ba  coaehad  aa  a  lioa. 
■nd  M  ••  oM  Hom:  van  a»B  num  him  upl— <f«ii. 

iaK.a 

Liom  (  7%e),  symbol  of  ambition.  When 
DantS  began  the  ascent  of  fame,  he  was 


met  first  by  a  ranther  (pleasure)  y  and  then 
by  a  lion  (amhitioH)^  which  tried  to  stop 
his  further  progress. 

A  lion  came 
Whh  haad  arad.  and  hoacw  mad. 

DanU,  ^ali;  L  (UOO). 

Lion  (They,  Henry  duke  of  Bavaria 
and  Saxony,  son  of  Henry  **the  Proud  '* 
(1129-1196). 

Louis  YIII.  of  France,  bom  under  1^9 
sign  Leo  (1187,  1228-1226). 

William  of  Scotland,  who  chose  a 
red  lion  rampant  tot  his  oognixanee 
(♦,  1166-1214). 

Lien  (The  Golden),  emblem  of  andent 
Assyria.  The  bear  was  that  of  ancient 
Persia. 

Whare  ia  th'  Aaqrriaa  Uoo'k  foMan  hlda. 

That  aB  tha  Baa  oaea  siMiwd  te  i«d|r  PMrt 
When  that  sraM  Pwriaa  bear,  whoaa  awaAiua  prMa 

Tha  IkHi't  aeir  lora  oat  wUh  nMr'aoaajBW  f 

Phhi.  Flelebar,  Tk*  Pmrptm  Mmmi,  fB.  (Ma>. 


Lion  (The  Valiant),  Akp  Arslan,  son 
of  Togrnl  Beg  the  Perw>-Tttikish  mon- 
arch (*,  1063-1072). 

liion  Attending:  on  Man. 
Una  was  attended  by  a  lion.  Spenser 
says  that  Una  was  seeking  St.  Geoigey 
and  as  she  sat  to  rest  herself,  a  lion 
rushed  suddenly  out  of  a  thicket,  with 
ga|Mng  mouth  and  lashing  tail ;  but  as  it 
drew  near,  it  was  awe-struck,  licked  her 
feet  and  hands,  and  followed  her  like  a 
dog.  Sansloy  slew  the  faithfol  beast. — 
/biry  Quaen,  I.  iiL  42  (1690). 

*A*  This  is  an  alle^ry  of  the  Refor- 
mation. The  *'lion*  means  England, 
and  "  Una  **  means  truth  or  the  reformed 
religion.  England  (the  lion)  waited  on 
tnuk  or  the  Keformation.  "Sanslov** 
means  queen  Mary  or  false  faith,  which 
killed  the  lion,  or  separated  England 
from  truth  (or  the  true  faith).  It  might 
seem  to  some  that  Sansfoy  should  have 
been  substituted  for  Sansloy;  but  this 
could  not  be,  because  Sansfoy  had  been 
slain  already. 

Sir  Ewain  de  Qallis  or  /tram  dk  GcUhw 
was  attended  by  a  lion,  which,  in  grati- 
tude to  the  knight,  who  had  delivered  it 
from  a  serpent,  ever  after  became  his 
faithful  servant,  approaching  the  knight 
with  tears,  and  risinj^  on  its  hind  feet. 

Sir  Geoffrey  de  Latomr  was  aided  by 
a  lion  against  the  Saracens;  but  the 
faithful  brute  was  drowned  in  attemptlD^; 
to  follow  the  vessel  in  which  the  knight  . 
had  embarked  on  his  departure  from  the 
Holy  Land. 

^.  Jerome  is  represented  as  attended 
by  a  lion.    (See  Anuboclub,  p.  87.) 


UON  OF  GOD. 


668 


UB. 


Idon  of  Ood  {Tke)^  AM,  son-in-law 
of  Mahomet.  He  was  called  at  birth 
"The  Rugged  Uon"  {al  HaXdara)  (602, 
666-661), 

Hamza,  called  "  The  Lion  of  God  and 
of  HU  Prophet."  So  Gabriel  told  Ma- 
homet his  nncle  was  registered  in  heaven. 

liion  of  Janina,  All  Pasha,  over- 
tiirown  in  1822  by  Ibrahim  Pasha  (1741, 
178»-1822). 

laion  of  the  19'orth  (7^),  Gns- 
tavus  Adolphos  (1694,  1611-1632). 

Xiion-Heart.    Richard  I.  was  called 

Corur  de  Lion  because  he  plucked  ont  a 

lion's  heart,  to  which  beast  he  had  been 

exposed   by  the   duke  of   Austria,  for 

having  slain  his  son. 

It  b  ajnd  that  •  Iron  wu  pot  to  kmft  Bidiavde,  bejrliig 
la  pritoo.  ...  to  dovov  him ;  and  wImo  the  lyon  vu 
■apync*.  h«  pot  hk  arme  In  hla  mouth,  and  Milled  the 
ma  I9  the  iiarte  w  hard  that  be  ileve  the  f$oa ;  and 
therefore  ...  he  k  called  Rkhaide  Cure  d«  Lpon.— 
■Mtal.  Cki^mloto  (IMS). 

Iiion  King  of  Assyria,  Arioch  al 
Asser  (e.c.  1927-1897). 

Lion  Rouge  (/>),  marshal  Ney, 
who  had  red  naii  and  red  whiskers 
(1769-1816). 

Ifion-Tamer.  One  of  the  most  re- 
markable was  Ellen  Bright,  who  ex- 
hibited in  WombwelFs  menagerie.  She 
was  killed  by  a  tiger  in  1860,  aged  )7 
years. 

laions  {White  and  Bed).  Prester 
John,  in  his  letter  to  Manuel  C^mnSnus 
emperor  of  Constantinople,  says  his  land 
is  the  *^home  of  white  and  r^  lions" 
(1166). 

Iiion's  Provider  (The)^  the  jackal, 
which  often  starts  prey  that  the  lion 
appropriates. 

.  .  .  the  poor  Jadcah  are  lea  foul 
(Is  belnii  the  brave  llon'a  keen  prvrUetc) 
ihaa  hnman  Inieeta  catering  for  cplden. 

^rron.  Don  Juan,  Is.  87  (18MV 

laionel  and  Clarissa,  an  opera  by 
Bickerstaff.  Sir  John  Flowerdale  has  a 
daughter  named  Clarissa,  whose  tutor  is 
Lionel,  an  Oxford  graduate.  Colonel 
Oldboy,  his  neighbour,  has  a  son  named 
Jessamy,  a  noodle  and  a  fop  y  and  a 
daughter,  Diana.  A  propossJ  is  made 
for  Clarissa  Flowerdale  to  marry  Jessamy ; 
but  she  despises  the  prig,  and  loves  Lionel. 
After  a  little  embroglio,  sir  John  gives  his 
consent  to  this  match.  Now  for  Diana : 
Harman,  a  guest  of  Oldboy's,  tells  him 
he  is  in  love,  but  that  the  father  of  the 
ladv  will  not  consent  to  his  marriage. 
Oldboy  advises  him  to  elope,  lends  his 


carriage  and  horses,  and  writes  a  letter 
for  Harman,  which  be  is  to  send  to  the 
girl's  father.  Harman  follows  this  advice, 
and  elopes  with  Diana  j  but  Diana  reprats, 
returns  home  unmarried,  and  craves  her 
father's  forgiveness.  The  old  colonel 
yields,  the  lovers  are  nnited,  and  Oldboy 
says  he  likes  Harman  the  better  for  his 
pluck  and  manliness. 

Lionell  (Sir),  brotlier  of  sir  Laimce- 
lot,    son    of    Ban    king    of    Benwick 

(Brittany), 

Idones  (8  sy/.),  daogfater  of  sir  Per- 
saunt  of  Castle  Perilous,  where  she  was 
held  captive  by  sir  Ironside,  the   Red 
Knight  of  the  Red  Lands.     Her  sister 
Linet'  went  to  the  court  of  king  Arthur 
to  request  that  some  kni^t  would  under- 
take to  deliver  her  from  her  oppressor ; 
but  as  she  refused  to  ^ve  up  the  name  of 
the  lady,  the  king  said  no  knight  of  the 
Round  Table  coiud  undertake  the  quest. 
On  this,  a  stranger,  nicknamed  "Bean- 
mains  *'  from  the  unusual  size  of  his  hands, 
and  who  had  served  in  the  kitchen  for 
twelve  months,  b^ged  to  be  sent,  and 
his  request  was  granted.    He  was  ver>* 
scornfully  treated   by   Linet;  but  suc- 
ceeded in  overthrowing  every  knight  who 
opposed  him,  and,  after  combating  from 
dawn  to  sunset  with  sir  Ironside,  made 
him  also  do  homage.    The  ladv,  beiiur 
now  free,  married  uie  "  kitchen  knight,^ 
who  was,  in  fact,  sir  Gareth,  son  of  Lot 
king  of  Orkney,  and  Linet  married  his 
broUier    Ga'heris.      (See    Ltonoks    of 
Castle  Perilous.)— Sir  T.  Malory,  History 
of  Prince  AHhur,  L  120-163  (1470). 

Iii'onesse  (8  $yL),  Lyonesse,  or 
LionSsj  a  tract  of  land  betwe^i  Land's 
End  and  the  Sdlly  Isles,  now  submerged 
"full  forty  fathoms  under  water.**  It 
formed  a  part  of  ComwalL  Thus  air 
Tristram  de  Lion^  is  always  called  a 
Cornish  knight.  When  asked  his  name, 
he  tells  sir  Kay  that  he  is  sir  Tristram 
de  Lion^ ;  to  which  the  seneschal  answers, 
"  Yet  heard  I  never  in  no  place  Uiat  an^ 

food  knight  came  ont  of  (3omwaU." — Sir 
'.  Malory,  History  of  Prince  Arthvar^  ii, 
66  (1470).     (See  Lbonbssb,  p.  648.) 

*^*  Respecting  the  kni^ts  of  Gom- 
wall,  sir  Mark  the  kin^  of  Cornwall  had 
thrown  the  whole  distnct  into  bad  odour. 
He  was  false,  cowardly,  mean,  and  moat 
tmknightly. 

lor.  27u!  Deathof  the  Children  of  Lir. 
This  is  one  of  the  three  tragic  storiea  of 
the  ancient  Irish.    The  other  two  are  2\e 


LIRIS. 


559 


LITTLE  CORPORAL. 


Death  of  the  Children  of  Touran  and  The 
Jkath  of  the  Chitdren  of  Usnach.  {See 
Fi05xuALA.)—0' Flanagan,  Tnmsactiotu 
of  the  Qadki  Society,  L 

*«*  Lir  (King)  father  of  Fionnoala. 
On  the  death  of  Fingula  (the  mother  of 
htt  daui^ter),  he  married  the  wicked 
Aoife,  who,  Uirough  spite,  transformed 
the  children  of  Lir  into  swans,  doomed 
to  float  on  the  water  for  centuries,  till 
tbejr  hear  the  first  mass-bell  ring.  Tom 
Moore  has  rersified  this  Impend. 

aOntC  0  Mogrlcw  b*  ths  low  of  thy  watar : 
Bndk  aot,  f  hntwm.  fcmr  dnia  of  wipow 

Wkia  — fMiiif  moorufvnr  Ut»  looefr  dwighMr 
TAi  to  tiM  iii^t-«tar  bar  tale  of  Witm. 

Moon.  hUk  JModtm  ("Sons  of  Flwinaah."  U14). 

lairis,  a  pnmd  but  lovely  daughter  of 
the  race  of  man,  beloved  hj  Rubi,  first 
of  the  angel  host.  Her  passion  was  the 
love  of  knowledge,  and  she  was  capti- 
vated by  all  her  angel  lover  told  her  of 
heaven  and  the  worKs  of  God.  At  last 
die  reonested  Rnbi  to  appear  before  her 
is  all  his  glory,  and,  as  she  fell  into  his 
eaibraee,  was  Immt  to  ashes  by  the  rays 
which  issued  from  him. — ^T.  Moore,  Loves 
ef  the  Angela, 'u,{lS22). 

Lisa,  an  innkeeper's  daughter,  who 
wishes  to  marry  Kivi'no  a  wealthy  far- 
mer ;  but  Elvino  is  in  love  with  Ami'na. 
Swpidoas  circomstances  make  Elvino 
Rooonoe  his  true  love  and  promise 
narriage  to  Lisa;  bat  the  suspicion  is 
shown  to  be  causeless,  and  Lisa  is  dis- 
eovered  to  be  the  paramour  of  another. 
So  Elvino  returns  to  nis  first  love,  and  Lisa 
is  left  to  Aiessio,  with  whom  she  had  been 
living  previously. — ^Bellini*s  opera,  La 
SouuaAHla  (1831). 

UslxMfc  or  laiBbo'a,  Lisbon. 

Idsette.  Les  InfidAitfe  de  Lisette  and 
Len  Q^teux  are  the  two  songs  which,  in 
1813,  gained  for  B^ranger  admission  to 
the  <*  Gaveau,"  a  club  of  Paris,  established 
in  1729  and  broken  up  in  1749,  but  re- 
establiahed  in  1806  and  finally  closed  in 
1817. 

Let  Infd^iiA  supposes  that  B^ranger 
loved  Lisette,  who  b^towed  her  favours 
on  sundry  admirers ;  and  B^ranger,  at 
each  new  proof  of  infidelity,  "  drowned 
his  sorrow  in  the  bowL** 

Untlt.  ma  UwCta, 

Th  n'ai  troiapA  to«Oaan} 

MakvlvalaatMttol 

Wobokwmaimnn. 

I/tf  It^fldSith  iff  IlittH. 

LiBmiiha'go  (Captain),  a  super- 
annuated officer  on  half-pay,  who  marries 
ITias  Tabitha  Bramble  for  the  sake  of 


her  £4000.  He  is  a  hard-featured,  for- 
bidding Scotchman,  singular  in  dress, 
eccentnc  in  manners,  self-eonceited, 
pedantic,  disputatious,  and  rude.  Tl&ough 
most  tenacious  in  argument,  he  can  yield 
to  Miss  Tabitha,  whom  he  wishes  to  con- 
ciliate. Lismahago  remiods  one  of  don 
Quixote,  but  is  sufficiently  unlike  to  be 
original. — T.  Smollett,  The  Expedition  of 
Humphry  Clinker  (1771). 

laisaardo,  valet  to  don  Felix.  He 
is  a  conceited  high-life-below-stairs  fop, 
who  makes  love  to  Inis  and  Flora. — Mrs. 
Centlivie,  The  Wonder  (1713). 

Ue  Leivw  (174S-1S0SJ  plajwl "  Lbnnlo  "  la  tha  atTla  of 
Ida  mat  saaMr  ( W*Uward\  and  moii  dlvartfm^.— 
Boadan.  Uf^^ Mn.  atddomt. 

liis'uarte  ( The  Exphita  and  Adven- 
tures of)i  part  of  the  series  of  Le  Roman 
des  Romans,  or  that  pertaining  to 
<*Am'adis  of  Gaul.**  This  part  was 
added  by  Juan  Diaz. 

Idterary  Forgers.  (See  Forokks.) 

literature  (Esther  of  Modem  f^renoh), 
Oaude  de  Seyssel  (1450-1520). 

Literature  (Father  of  German),  Gott- 
hold  Ephraim  Lessing  (1729-1781). 

Iiittiiner,  the  painfully  irreproach- 
able valet  of  Steerforth;  in  whose 
presence  David  Gopperfield  feels  always 
most  uncomfortably  smalL  Though  as 
a  valet  he  is  propriety  in  Sunday  b^t,  he 
is  nevertheloM  cunning  and  deceitful. 
Steerforth,  tired  of  <*UtUe  Em'ly,** 
wishes  to  marry  her  to  Littimer;  but 
from  this  lot  she  is  rescued,  and  migrates 
to  Australia. — C  Dickens,  David  {hfiper- 
field  (1849). 

Idttle  ( Thomas) .  Thomas  Moore  pub- 
lished, in  1808,  a  volume  of  amatory 
poems  under  this  nom  de  plume.  The 
preface  is  signed  J.  H.  H.  H. 

Th  liUto  1— fmracOatnlliif  of  hk  dajr. 
Aawraot  bat  at  immoral  at  hlahy. 

>  Mmittmn  I 


i(180S). 


Iiittle  Britain,  Brittany ;  also  called 
Armor^ca,  and  in  Arthurian  ronumce 
Benwicke  or  Benwick. 

*^*  There  is  a  part  of  London  called 
*<Uttle  Britain."  It  lies  between  Christ's 
Hospital  (the  Blue-coat  School)  and 
Aldersgate  Street.  It  was  here  that  Mr. 
Jaggers  had  his  chambers.  (See  Jao- 
OCR8,  p.  486.) 

Iiittle  Corporal  (7%e).  General 
Bonaparte  was  so  called  after  the  battle 
of  Lodi  in  1796,  from  his  youthfnl  ag« 
and  low  stature* 


UTTLE  DORRIT. 


560      LITTLE  RED  RIQIl^Q-fiOOD. 


Iiittle  IDorrit,  the  heroine  and  title 
of  a  novel  by  C.  Dickens  (1867).  Little 
Dorrit  was  born  and  brought  up  in  the 
Marshalsea  prison,  Bermondsey,  where 
her  father  was  confined  for  debt;  and 
when  about  14  years  of  age  she  used  to 
do  needlework,  to  earn  a  subsistence  for 
herself  and  her  father.  The  child  had  a 
ptfile,  transparent  face;  quick  in  expres- 
sion, though  not  beautiful  in  feature.  Her 
eves  were  a  soft  hazel,  and  her  figure 
slight.  The  little  dove  of  the  prison  was 
idolized  by  the  prisoners^  and  when  she 
walked  out,  every  man  m  Bermondsey 
who  passed  her,  touched  or  took  off  his 
hat  out  of  respect  to  her  good  works  and 
active  benevolence.  Her  father,  coming 
into  a  property,  was  set  free  at  length, 
and  Little  Dorrit  married  Arthur  CTen- 
nam,  the  marriage  service  being  celebrated 
in  the  Marshalsea,  by  the  prison  chaplain. 

liittle-Endians  and  Big-£n- 
dians,  two  religious  factions,  which 
waged  incessant  war  with  each  other  on 
the  right  interpretation  of  the  fifty-fourth 
chapter  of  the  Biun'decrai :  ^*  All  true 
believers  break  their  eggs  at  the  con- 
venient end."  The  god^ther  of  Calin 
Deffar  Plune,  the  reigning  emperor  of 
Lilliput,  happened  to  cut  his  finger  while 
breaking  his  egg  at  the  6^  end,  and 
therefore  commanded  all  faithful  Lilli- 
putians to  break  their  eggs  in  future  at 
the  atnall  end.  The  Blefuscudians  called 
this  decree  rank  heresy,  and  determined 
to  exterminate  the  believers  of  such  an 
abominable  practice  from  the  face  of  the 
^urth.  Hundreds  of  treatises  were  pub- 
lished on  both  sides,  but  each  empire 
put  all  those  books  opposed  to  its  pwn 
views  into  the  Index  Expunjatorius,  and 
not  a  few  of  the  more  zealous  sort  died 
as  martvrs  for  daring  to  follow  their 
private  ludgmcnt  in  t£e  matter. — Swift, 
Guliiver^s  Travels  ("  Voyage  to  LUliput,'^ 
1726). 

Iiittle  Prench  Iiawyer  (The),  a 
comedy  by  Beaumont  and  Fletcher  (1647). 
The  person  so  called  is  La  Writ,  a 
wrangling  French  advocate. 

Iiittle  Oentleman  in  Velvet 
(7b  the),  a  ftivourite  Jacobite  toast  in  the 
reign  of  queen  Anne.  The  reference  is  to 
the  mole  that  raised  the  hill  against  which 
the  horse  of  William  III.  stumbled  while 
riding  in  the  park  of  Hampton  Court.  By 
this  accident  the  king  broke  his  collar- 
bone, a  severe  illness  ensued,  and  he  died 
early  in  1702. 

Iiittle  John  (whose  surname   wae  J 


Naiior),  the  fidus  Achates  of  Robin  Hood. 
He  could  nioot  an  arrow  a  measured 
mile  and  somewh^  more.  So  could 
Robin  Hood ;  but  no  other  man  «vcr 
lived  who  could  perform  tibe  same  feat. 
In  one  of  the  Kobin  Hood  ballads  we  are 
told  that  the  name  of  this  free-shooter 
was  John  Little,  and  that  William  Stutely, 
in  merry  mood,  reversed  the  names. 

"O.  bcre  is  107  hud."  tlM  atnuiaa-  re|4red; 

"in  wrveTou  with  nfl  mjr  wfade  bcaul. 
Mr  name  is  John  Uttle.  a  ouhi  of  sood  liWk) ; 

NC'ta-  doubt  Die.  for  III  play  ngr  part.' 
He  was.  I  most  tell  you.  tall  aeveo  foot  Lich. 

And  maybe  an  ell  In  the  waste .  .  . 
Brave  Stutely  nid  then  .  .  . 

**  This  inlknt  was  called  John  Little."  qttoch  ha  I 

"  Wbkh  name  Shan  be  ehai«6d  anoa : 
The  words  well  transpose,  so  wfaeieTer  henca 

His  name  sfaaU  be  called  Uule  John." 
RItKNi.  MoUn  Mood  BaUatU.  IL  tt  {before  ISSB). 

%*  A  bow  (says  Ritson)  which  be- 
longed to  Little  John,  with  the  name 
Nayior  on  it,  is  now  in  the  possession  of 
a  gentleman  in  the  west  riding  of  York- 
shire. Scott  has  introduced  UUle  John 
in  The  Talisman  (time,  Bichard  I.) 

Little  John  (Hugh),  John  Hugh  Lock- 
hart,  grandson  of  sir  W.  Scott,  is  so  called 
by  sir  Walter  in  his  Tales  of  a  Grand- 
father, written  for  hb  grandson. 

Iiittle  Marlborouffh,  count  von 
Schwerin,  a  Prussian  fidd-marehal  and 
a  companion  of  the  duke  of  Marlborough 
(1G94-1767). 

Iiittle  Nell,  a  child  distinguiahed 
for  her  purity  of  character,  though  livinir 
in  the  midst  of  selfishness,  impurit>',  and 
crime.      She    was    brought    up    by  her 

grandfather,  who  was  in  his  dotage,  and 
aving  lost  his  property,  tried  to  eke  out 
a  narrow  living  by  selling  lumber  or 
curiosities.  At  length,  Uirough  terror  of 
Quilp,  the  old  man  and  his  grandchild 
stole  away,  and  led  a  vagrant  life,  the 
one  idea  of  both  being  to  get  at  far  aa 
possible  from  the  reach  of  Quilp.  They 
finally  settled  down  in  a  cottage  overlook- 
ing a  country  churchyard,  where  Nell 
died.— C.  Dickens,  The  Old  CuriosUw 
^  (1840). 

Iiittle  Fpddlington.  an  imaginary 
place,  the  village  oi  quackery  and  canL 
egotism  and  humbug,  affectation  ana 
flattery. — John  Poole,  Little  Peddlington^ 

Iiittle  Queen,  Isabella  of  Valois, 
who  was  married  at  the  age  of  eight  years 
to  Ki chard  II.  of  England,  and  was  a 
widow  at  13  years  of  age  (1387-1410). 

Iiittle  Bed  Biding-Hood  (£« 
Petit  Chaperon  Rofuge)^  from  Les  Conte9  oi 


UTTLEJOHN. 


MI      LOCAL  DESIGNATIONS,  ETC 


Ckarle*  P^muilt  (1697).  Liidwi|^  Heck 
reprodneed  the  same  tele  in  his  VoUt- 
wtMvk^n  (Poptdar  Sbories)^  in  1796,  under 
the  Gemuui  title  Leben  mmT  Tod  des 
KUmem  £ethkafy)ckem.  A  fittle  nrl 
takes  a  presoit  to  her  grandmother ;  but 
a  w<^  nas  aMamed  tiie  place  of  the  old 
woman,  and,  whm  the  child  gets  into  bed, 
tderours  her.  The  brothers  Grimm  have 
■reprodneed  this  tale  in  German.  In  the 
Swedish  version.  Red  Riding-Hood  is  a 
jooag  woBMUi,  who  takes  refug*  in  a 
tree,  the  wolf  ^naws  the  tree,  and  the 
lorer  arrives  just  in  time  to  see  his 
nistiess  devoured  by  the  monster. 

Idttl^Jalui  (Bailie)^  a.  magistrate  at 
Fairpoct.— Sir  W.  Soott,  The  AntiqMoru 
(time,  George  111.). 

Uira  to  Please .  .  .Dr.  Johnson,  in 
tiie  prolc^ne  spoken  h^  Gamck  at  the 
opening  of  Drury  Lane  in  1747,  says : 

Hm  dnatt**  Ikwc  Um  Araam't  patfons  ghw, 
Fior  ««  ttet  Hw  to  plMM.  mMt  »leu»  to  Uw. 


IiiTy  (7^  Su8tian)y  NichoUw  Bli- 
diaelovitch  Karamzin  (1765-1826). 

Iiivy  of  I'ranOQ»  Joan  de  Mariana 
(1S37-1624). 

laivy  of  Portugal,  Jo^  de  Bairos 
(1496-1570). 

Iiiflsrd  TaVTMifi,  fabulous  islands^ 
where  damsels,  outcast  fitom  the  rest  of 
tiie  world,  find  a  home  and  welcome. — 
Toiqnemada,  Oardem  cf  Fltne&n, 

liiaard  Point  (Cornwall)^  a  corrup- 
tion of  Laxar't  Pomty  being  a  place  of 
Rtirement  for  lazars  or  lepers. 

Ualan,  the  unwed  mother  of  pnaoe 
Hpel.  His  father  was  prince  Hoel,  the 
flfegitimate  son  of  king  Owen  of  North 
Wades.  Hoel  the  father  was  slain  in  battle 
by  his  half-brother  David,  successor  to 
the  throne ;  and  Llaian,  with  her  young 
son,  also  called  Hoel,  accompanied  prince 
Madoc  to  America. — Sonthey,  Madoc 
(1806). 

Ue^virellyii,  son  of  Torwerth,  and 
nandson  of  Owen  king  of  North  Wales. 
Torwerth  was  the  eldest  son,  but  was 
set  aside  because  he  had  a  blemish  in  the 
face,  and  his  half-brother  David  was 
king.  David  began  his  reign  by  killing 
or  banishing  all  the  family  of  his  father 
who  might  disturb  his  succession. 
AnM>ng8t  those  he  killed  was  Yorwerth, 
m  consequence  of  which  Llewellyn  re- 
solved to  avenge  his  father's  death ;  and 
bis  hatred  against  his  uncle  was  nn- 
koimded.-^nthey,  MadoG  (1805). 


IJoyd  with  an  <*  L.* 

One  momtos.  a  Wdah 


wltk  bbMD 


to  mjr  lord  \th*  mrl  _9f  Bren$fcr^\    " Yoa  odai.  I 


think.  Mr.  Uoydf  "At  your  ionwil]ra  Mrvh*.  wa 
lonL"  "WhaCLkqrdwlUiwi'L'r-  ^WMWIthM^L^ 
"  In  TMir  pMt  or  Um  world  I  hA««  iMwd  tiMH  Uoyd  mi4 
FUqjndarefljmonrnMiu;  b  UmT"  ki^wlrMl  Mt  lonWilp. 
"Vcf7  oftm.  IndMd.  my  lord."  wm  Um  rspfar.  "To« 
■VtbntToaqMaToitrnMMwIdiiMi'L'r'*  **AlvBw.nr 
lord."  "Thst.  mr  Uoyd.  to  »  little  nalKkf ;  tor  I  am 
pnirinf  nr  dabti  nlphnhttwiny.  aatf  In  toar  m  iro  renn 
yoaMlfhtlMMO  ooomIb  with  Um 'Fs';  tat  lamafMd 
IcMii^ToaDohopOTforjroar'k''  flood  nomlHi^''— 
8.  Footak  The  Lmm*  Umr. 

Uoyd's  Books,  two  enormous 
led^r-looking  volumes,  raised  on  desks 
at  right  and  loEt  of  the  entrance  to  Lloyd's 
Rooms.  These  books  give  the  principal 
arrivals,  and  all  losses  by  wreck,  fife,  or 
other  accident  at  sea.  The  entries  art 
written  is  a  fine,  bold,  Komaa  hand, 
legible  to  all  readers. 

*«*  Lloyd  a  List  is  a  London  penodical, 
in  which  the  shipping  news  .received  ai 
Lloyd's  Rooms  is  regularly  published. 

Xi.  TS,  B.,  initiaKsm  of  Mrs.  Rmyard, 
authoress  of  The  Book  and  Its  Story ,  Tht 
Mining  Limk,  etc.  Died  1919. 

lioathly  Iiady  (7^),  a.  hideoua 
creature,  wnom  sir  Gaw'ain  marries,  and 
who  immediately  becomes  a  most  beau- 
tiful woman. — The  Marriage  of  Sir 
Gavoain  (a  ballad). 

Bm  walk  .  .  .  won  doUMd  with  grin  old  tifMMrr. 


Ung  Um  mcmorBble  atarrofilr  Gnwvia'swoddliis 
.  . .  wiUi  tte  UMrtUjr  U47.-81V  W.  Seott 

Xioba'ba,  one  of  the  sorcerers  So 
tifte  caverns  of  Dom-Damel,  *^  under  ttie 
roots  of  the  ocean.**  These  s|iirits  were 
destined  to  be  destrojred  by  ene  of  the  race 
of  Hodeirah,  and,  thenlore,.  they  perse- 
cuted the  whole  of  that  race  even  to  death. 
Tal'aba,  however,  escaped  their  maliooy 
and  became  their  destroyer.  Okba  tried 
to  kill  him,  but  failed.  Abdaldar  was 
next  sent  against  him,  and  would  hava 
stauck  the  lad  in  prayer,,  but  was  himself 
killed  by  a  simoom.  Lobftba  was  tha 
third  envoy  sent  to  compass  his  death. 
He  assumed  the  guise  of  an  old  merchant, 
and  b^uiled'  the  young  man  into  the 
wilderness,  where  he  roused  up  a  furious 
whiriwind  ;  but  Talaba  was  saved,  snd 
Lobaba  himself  fell  a  victim  to  the  storm 
which  he  had  raised.-Southey,  Tlujdaba- 
the  Destroyer  (1797). 

Iiocal  DeBignationfr  and  Lao- 
cashire  Mannfafitnree,  oto. 

AMTx  [Aahton-aBdor^L7iMl/«ni»ii«t 

BoWTo.M  TBoltoo  L  Al/fy  or  trotltn. 

BowDiM  [Bottoni  <le«rN»(i.«.  potntofll). 

Bust,  miiigmrt. 

BOBT.  ewmiHiu. 

Chsadu,  mHngtrt  tn  ptcdUr  ooal). 

2o 


LOCHAW. 


662 


LODBROO. 


Ooswurov.  pUmu, 

IVBBTOii.  l^^hyiL 
QLAsaow.  oo^'oac 
Gonuv,  Aifir'«leffi. 
LlTKKFOOL.  fwtUlemm, 

MAXCHnTBB.  MMN. 

MAXCHnTBB,  eottoMiL 
MIDDIRAM.  tnoMM*. 
ORMSKIIK.  ftmgm*rmd» 
OvniATi  (OUhaml  ekmti. 
pAUunr,  bodUt. 
RAOCum.  tM^wTk 

BuCKDAIX  pnwMM. 

SnrrruRD.  btaek-pttddimg$. 
WAuawnoM,  oto. 

IjOChaw.  7^9  a  far  cry  to  Lochaw, 
ue.  his  lands  are  very  extensive.  Locfaaw 
was  the  original  seat  of  the  Campbells ; 
and  so  extensive  were  their  possessions, 
that  no  crv  or  challenge  coula  readi  from 
one  end  of  them  to  the  other. 

IiOOhiel'  (2  syl.).  Sir  Evan  Cameron, 
lord  of  Lodhiel,  sumamed  "  The  Black  *" 
and  **The  Ulysses  of  the  Highlands,'* 
died  1719.  His  son,  called  **The 
Gentle  Lochiel,"  is  the  one  referred  to 
by  Thomas  Campbell  in  Lochiets  Wam^ 
intf.  He  fought  m  the  battle  of  CulloMen 
for  prince  Charles,  the  Toung  Pretender 
(1746). 

LodiM.  LorbM.  beware  of  the  diqr 
When  the  LovhuMb  sbbU  nicet  thee  In  battle  amjl 
Pore  field  of  tbedeed  niehet  red  oo  mjr  sight. 
And  the  daiu  o(  CuUo'den  are  scattered  In  ilgbt. 

.Canpbdl.  LoahUtB  WmnUn§. 

And  Ouneron,  In  the  shock  of  steel. 
Die  Uke  the  of&princ  of  LochleL 

BIr  W.  Scott.  FMd  qf  ITolerleec 

Ijocbinvar'y  a  yonng  Highlander, 
in  love  with  a  lady  at  Netherby  Hall 
(condemned  to  marry  a  **  laggard  in 
love  and  a  dastard  in  war').  Her 
voung  chevalier  induced  the  too-willing 
lassie  to  be  his  partner  in  a  dance ;  and 
while  the  gnests  were  intent  on  their 
amnsements,  swung  her  into  his  saddle 
and  made  off  with  her  before  the  bride- 
groom could  recover  from  his  amaze- 
ment.—Sir  W.  Scott,  Marmion  (1808). 

Ijochleven  (The  lady  of),  mother  of 
the  regent  Murray.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Abbot  (time,  Elizabeth). 

IiOOhlin,  the  Gaelic  name  for  Scan- 
dinavia. It  generally  means  Denmark. 
— Ossian,  Fingal, 

liOckit,  the  jailer  in  Gay's  Beggar's 
Opera,  He  was  an  inhuman  brute,  who 
refused  to  allow  captain  Hacheath  any 
more  candles  in  his  cell,  and  threatened  to 
clap  on  e::tra  fetters,  unless  he  supnlied 
him  with  more  "garnish"  (iaU  fees). 
Lockit  loaded  his  prisoners  with  fetters 


in  inverse  proportion  to  the  fees  which 

they  paid,  ranging  "  from  one  goinea  to 

ten."   (See  Lucy.>^.  Gay,  The  Beggar's 

Opera  (1727). 

The  qnaml  hetveen  Peadnon  and  laeUt  «aa  am 
alhHlon  to  a  personal  oolUsioii  betwetn  Walpola  aad  Ui 
oolleacae  lord  Townsend.— B.  Chaaihefs,  MniMtk  Uurm- 

tmrt,  ten. 

Ijocksley,  in  Nottingfaamshire,  the 
birthf^ace  of  Robin  Hood. 


In  Locasljr  town,  hi  nMnjr  Nc 

In  merrr,  sw«et  Lpcka()r  town, 
Ihera  bold  Robtai  Hood  ww  boni  i 

Bold  BofalB  of  famout  renown. 

Bttaon.  ileMs  JTee^  K.  1  (ITH). 

Locksleyt  alias  **  Robin  Hood,"  an 
archer  at  the  tournament  (ch.  xiii.). 
Said  to  have  been  the  name  of  the  village 
where  the  outlaw  was  bom. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Ivanhoe  (time,  Richard  I.). 

LockBley  Hall,  a  poem  by  Tenny- 
son, in  which  the  hero,  the  lord  of 
Locksley  Hall,  having  been  jilted  by  his 
cousin  Amy  for  a  rich  boor,  pours  forth 
his  feelings  in  a  flood  of  vehement  scorn 
and  indignation.  The  poem  is  under- 
stood to  have  been  occasioned  by  a  sim- 
ilar incident  in  the  poet's  own  life. 

Iiocrine  (2  si//.),  father  of  Sabri'na, 
and  eldest  son  of  the  mythical  Brutus 
king  of  ancient  Britain.  On  the  death 
of  his  father,  Locrine  became  king  of 
Loe'gria  {England). 

IfOOUBta,  a  by-word  of  infamy.  She 
lived  in  the  early  part  of  the  Roman 
empire.  Locusta  pois(Mied  Claudius  and 
Britannicus,  and  attempted  to  destroy 
Nero,  but,  being  found  out,  was  put  to 
death. 

Iioda  or  Cruth-Iioda,  a  Scandi- 
navian god,  which  dwelt  "  on  the  misty 
top  of  U-thomo  .  .  .  the  house  of  the 
spirits  of  men."  Fingal  did  not  worship 
at  the  "  stone  of  this  power,"  but  looked 
on  it  as  hostile  to  himself  and  friendly 
to  his  foes.  Hence,  when  Loda  appeared 
to  him  on  one  occasion,  Fingal  knew  it 
was  with  no  friendly  intent,  and  with  his 
sword  he  cleft  the  intrenchant  spirit  in 
twain.  Whereupon  it  uttered  a  terrible 
shriek,  which  made  the  island  tremble ; 
and,  "rolling  itself  up,  rose  upon  the 
wings  of  the  wind,"  and  departea.  (See 
Mak8  Wounded.)  —  Ossian,  Carrie-' 
Tfiura, 

(In  Oina-Jfond^  "Loda**  seems  to  be  a 
place ! 

Ihcy  stretdi  tMr  haadi  to  the  riielb  to  LodaJ 

Iiodbrog,  king  of  Denmark  (rigbUi 


1 


LODGING. 


568 


LOHENGRIN. 


sentary),  Vinous  for  hit  wara  and  vie- 
tones.  He  was  also  an  excellent  scald 
or  bard,  like  Ossiao.  Falling  into  the 
hands  of  his  enemies,  he  was  cast  into 
jail,  and  deroured  by  serpents. 

Tio^grfng.  **My  lodging  is  oc  the 
cold  ground.** — W.  B.  Rhodes,  Bombastes 
Fmrioto  (1790). 

IiOdoislca  (4  sj//.),  a  beautiful  Polish 
prinoeso,  in  love  with  count  Floreski. 
She  is  ih%  daughter  of  prince  Lupanski, 
who  nlaoes  her  under  the  protection  of  a 
friend  (baron  Lovinski)  during  a  war  be- 
tween the  Poles  and  Tartars.  Here  her 
lover  finds  her  a  prisoner  at  large;  but 
the  baron  seeks  to  poison  him.  At  this 
crisis,  the  Tartars  arrive  and  invade  the 
castle.  The  baron  is  killed,  the  ladv 
released,  and  all  ends  happily. — J.  r. 
Eemble,  Lodoiska  (a  melodnune). 

Itodc'iiAy  A  nymph,  fond  of  the 
diase.  One  day,  nan  saw  her,  and  tried 
to  catch  her ;  but  she  fled,  and  implored 
Cynthia  to  save  her.  Her  prayer  was 
heard,  and  she  was  instantly  converted 
intc  **  a  silver  stream,  which  ever  keeps 
its  viririn  coolness.**  Lodona  is  an  af- 
fluent of  the  Thames. — Pope,  Windsor 
Forest  (1713). 

IiOdore  (2  syl.\  a  cataract  of  the 
Tarn,  in  France,  rendered  famous  for 
8outhe3''8  piece  of  word-painting  called 
The  Cataract  of  Lodore  (1820).  This 
and  Edgar  Poe*8  Bells  are  the  best  pieces 
of  word-painting  in  the  language,  at  least 
of  a  similar  length. 

IiOdovi'oo,  kinsman  to  Brabantio 
the  father  of  Desdemona. — Shakespeare, 
0140^(1611). 

Iiodovioo  and  Piso^two cowardly 
gulls. — Beaamont  and  Fletcher,  The 
Ca^ftaiH  (1613). 

IiOdowiok,  the  name  assumed  by  the 
duke  of  Vienna,  when  he  retired  for  a 
while  from  State  affairs,  and  dressed  as 
a  friar,  to  watch  the  carrying  out  of  a 
law  recently  enforced  against  prostitu- 
tion.— Shakespeare,  Measure  for  Measure 
(1603). 

Iioe'finria  (4  syl.V  England,  the  king- 
dom of  Liogris  or  Locrine,  eldest  son  of 
Brule  Uie  raytiiical  king  of  Britain. 


GMDbrI*  [ir«/«fj  to  ber  right  that  wottU  henelf 
fcatara, 
Aai  nulMT  Umui  to  Vm  Loixria.  looks  for  mora 

M.  Drajrton.  /Vjfo/Mimi.  ir.  (161S). 


n  Mt  <crit  qail  Mt  ODO  h««ii« 

OA  toui  w  fmamno  d«  Losra; 

Qui  Jsdl*  flit  U  t«rre  «•  Ogres 
San  dMniit  par  eetta  lanca. 

CbrMen  de  Tror*.  Pantml  (llTBi 

IiOfty,  a  detestable  prig,  always 
boasting  of  his  intimacv  with  people  of 
quality. — Goldsmith,  The  Good-natured 
Man  (1767). 

Lofty  (Sir  Thomas)^  a  caricature  of  lord 
Melcombe.  Sir  Thomas  is  a  man  utterly 
destitute  of  all  capacity,  yet  sets  himself 
up  for  a  Mecsenas,  and  is  well  sponged 
by  needy  scribblers,  who  plv  him  with 
fulsome  dedications. — Samuel  Foote,  The  l 
Patron, 

JjOg  {Kinrj)^  a  roi  faineant.  The  frogs 
prayed  to  Jove  to  send  them  a  king,  and 
the  god  threw  a  log  into  the  pom,  tho 
splaui  of  which  terribly  alarmed  them 
for  a  time ;  but  they  soon  learnt  to  de- 
spise a  monarch  who  allowed  tiiem  to 
jump  upon  its  back,  and  never  resented 
their  familiarities.  The  croakers  com- 
plained to  Jove  for  sending  them  so 
worthless  a  king,  and  prayed  him  to 
send  one  more  active  and  imperious ;  so 
he  sent  them  a  stork,  which  devoured 
them. — ^sop's  Fables, 

IiOg^tilla,  a  good  fairy,  sister  of 
Aici'na  the  sorceress.  She  taught  Rug- 
gie'ro  (3  syl,)  to  manage  the  hippogri^ 
and  jgave  Astolpho  a  magic  book  and  horn. 
Lo^stilla  is  human  reason  personified.— 
Anosto,  Orlando  J-Xwioso  (1516). 

IiOgotliete  i^^)i  or  chancellor  of 
the  Grecian  empire. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Count 
Ecbert  of  Paris  (time,  Rufus). 

IiOgres  (2  syL),  England  is  so  called 
from  Logris  or  Locrine,  eldest  k»on  of  the 
mythical  king  Bruto. 

.  .  .  le  rojrauiiit  de  LogrH; 
Qirf  Jadli  bit  la  terra  ta  osrea. 

CbrAttan  da  Ttayaa.  rmtalma  (U70). 

IiOgria,  England.    (See  Loorss.) 

IiOgris  or  Iiooris,  same  as  Locrin  or 
Locrine,  eldest  son  of  Bruto  the  mythical 
king  of  Britain. 

Logris^  England. 

I  am  baohbad  oat  of  the  ooontvr  of  Logrii  for  overt 
that  li  to  My.  out  of  tba  country  of  BnipaiML— Sir  Z 
Maloqr.  BitUtrg  V  PrUitm  Arthur,  UL  IS  (1470K 

Iiohengrin,  "  Knight  of  the  Swan,** 
son  of  Parzival.  He  came  to  Brabanto 
in  a  ship  drawn  by  a  swan,  and  having 
liberated  the  duchess  Elsen,  who  was  a 
captive,  he  married  her,  but  declined  to 
reveal  his  name.  Not  long  after  his 
marriage,    he  went   against   the   Huns 


L'OISELEUR. 


564 


LONGEYITT. 


and  Sarftcens,  performed  marvels  of 
bimTery,  and  returned  to  Germany  covered 
with  ^lonr.  Elsen,  bein^  laagbed  at  by 
her  fnends  for  not  knowing  the  name  of 
her  husband,  resolved  to  ask  him  of  his 
family;  bat  no  sooner  had  she  done  so 
than  the  white  swan  re-appeared  and 
carried  him  awaj. — Wolfram  von  Eschen- 
bach  (a  minnesinger,  thirteenth  century). 

Ii'Oiselenr  ("  the  bird-catcher  "),  the 
person  who  plays  the  magic  flute. — Mo- 
zart, Die  Zduberfldte  (1791). 

Jjoklf  the  god  of  strife  and  spirit  of 
all  evil.  His  wife  is  Angerbode  (4  st//.), 
i.e.  **  messenger  of  wrath/*  and  his  three 
sons  are  Fenris,  Midgard,  and  Hela. 
Loki  gave  the  blind  god  HOder  an  arrow 
of  mistletoe,  and  told  him  to  tiy  it ;  so  the 
blind  H<kler  discharged  the  arrow  and 
slew  Baldr  (the  Scandinavian  Apollo). 
This  calamity  was  so  grievous  to  the 
gods,  that  they  unanimously  agreed  to 
restore  him  to  life  again. — Scandinavitm 
Mythology, 

IiOlahy  one  of  the  three  beauties  of 
the  barem,  into  which  don  Juan  in  female 
disguise  was  admitted.  She  "  was  dusk  as 
India  and  as  warm."  The  other  two  were 
Katin'ka  and  Dudh. — Byron,  Don  Jvan^ 
vi.  40,  41  (1824). 

IflOllius,  an  author  often  referred  to 
by  writers  of  the  Middle  A^es,  but  pro- 
bably a  "Mrs.  Harris"  of  Kennotwhere. 

LoUIoi.  If  a  writer  of  UuU  naoM  exbtod  at  aD.  «m  • 
■omewfaat  MaMwtMfc.— ColMldss. 

Iiondon  Antiquary  {A),  John 
Camden  Hotten  published  his  Dictionary 
of  Modem  Slang^  etc,,  under  this  pseu- 
donym. 

London  Bridge  is  Built  on 
Woolpacks.  In  the  reign  of  Henry 
II.,  Pious  Peter,  a  chaplain  of  St.  Mary 
Colechurch,  in  the  Poultry,  built  a  stone 
bridge  in  lieu  of  the  wooden  one  which 
had  been  destroyed  by  fire.  The  king 
helped  him  by  a  tax  on  wool,  and  hence 
the  saying  referred  to  above. 

IiOng  {Tom)y  the  hero  of  an  old 
popular  tale  entitled  The  Merry  Conceits 
of  Tom  Long  the  Carrier,  etc, 

Xiong  Peter,  Peter  Aartsen,  the 
Flemish  painter.  He  was  so  called  from 
his  extraordinary  height  (1507-1573). 

IiOD^-S'Word  (Jiichard),  son  of  the 
*' fair  Rosamond '*  and  Henry  11.  His 
brother  was  Geoffroy  archbishop  of  York. 

Lttog-awonl,  Uie  brave  ion  of  licautooui  RoMunond. 
Dngrtoo.  /Vye/Mon.  xvUL  (1813). 

lAMg'Sword,  William  I.  of  Normandy, 


son  of  Rollo,  assassinated  by  the  count  of 
Flanders  (920-943). 

Ifong  Tom  Coffin,  a  sailor  of 
heroic  cnaracter  and  most  amiable  dis- 
position, introduced  by  Fenimore  Cooptt 
of  New  ToHe  in  his  novel  called  The  Puot, 
Fltzball  has  dramatized  the  fiory. 

IiOngaviUe  (3  9yl,\  a  yoong  lord 
attending  on  Ferdinand  king  of  Navarre. 
He  promisee  to  spend  three  yean  in  stedr 
with  the  king,  dnring  which  tnne  nip 
woman  is  to  approach  the  court;  but 
no  sooner  has  he  signed  the  compact  than 
he  falls  in  love  with  Maria.  When  he 
proposes  to  her,  she  defers  hk  suit  for 
twelve  months,  and  she  promisea  to 
change  her  **  black  gown  tot  a  faithful 
friend  **  if  he  then  remains  of  the  aaino 
mind. 


A  nwa  of  tovenlgii  puH  he  b « 
Wen  flttod  in  arta.  aloriouB  In  anaa : 
NotiUiw  becomas  htan  m.  Uiat  ba  would  vcB. 
Tbe  011I7  Mil  of  his  iUr  Tlrtue'a  gloa  .  .  . 
k  a  ihaiip  wit  niatefaed  whh  too  blnnt  a  wB : 
WlMMe  e^  . . .  nooa  »|iarM  that  eonio  wltfete  kli  t 
Hhaktiwar^  Ltm^t  Laiom^t  LcH,  act  IL  ae.  1  (UM). 

Iiongohamp,  bishop  of  Ely,  high 
justiciary  of  Ei^pland  during  the  absence 
of  king  Richard  Coear  de  Lion. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  The  Talieman  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Iiongevlty.  The  following  have 
exceeded  a  hundred  years : — 

Thomas  Cam  (207!!),  according  to 
the  parish  register  of  St.  Leonard^a 
Cliurch,  Shoreditch,  died  January  22, 
1588,  aged  207  years.  If  so,  he  was  bora 
1381,  in  4th  Richard  U.,  and  died  13tli 
Elizabeth. 

Thomas  Parb  (152),  bom  1483,  died 
1635. 

Hekrt  Jbnkins  (169),  bom  1591, 
died  1760. 

Catharine  countess  of  Desmond 
(140),  fifteenth  century. 

Hbnrt  HASTiNog  (102),  forester  to 
Charles  I.  (1537-1639). 

Hbnrt  Evans  (129),  a  Welshman 
(1642-1771). 

Jane  Scrimshaw  (127)  lived  in  the 
reigns  of  eight  sovereigns  (1684-1711). 

Alice  of  PhiUdelphia  (116),  bom 
1686,  died  1802. 

Thomas  Laugher  of  Markley,  Wor- 
cestershire (107),  bora  1700,  died  1807. 
His  mother  died  at  the  age  of  108. 

Margaret  Patten  or  Batten  of 
Glasgow  (186).  She  was  bora  in  the 
reign  of  Fiizabeth  (1603),  and  died 
1739.  She  was  buried  at  Margaret's, 
Westminster,  and  a  portrait  of  her  is  in 
St.  Margaret's  workhouse. 


LONOIUS. 


Itf 


U)VI>ANO. 


In  Shiffnal  (Salop)  81.  Andnw** 
Chnrch  are  these  tablets : 

William  Waklet  (124),  baptized  at 
IdsaH,  othenrise  Shiffnal,  May  1,  1690  ; 
andwas  buried  at  Adbaston,  November  28, 
1714.  He  lived  in  the  reign  of  eight 
■orereigBB. 

Mart  Yatks  (127),  wi|e  of  Joseph 
Yates  of  Lizaid  Common,  Shiffnal,  was 
bom  1649,  and  buried  August  7,  L776, 
She  walked  to  London  just  after  the  fire 
is  1666,  waa  hearty  and  strong  at  120 
Tears,  and  married,  a^  92  years  of  age, 
Ber  third  hnsbaod. 


_  ifke  name  of  the  Roman 

•oldier  who  pierced  the  ccucified  Saviour 
with  a  spear.  Hie  9pear  came  into  the 
possession  of  Joseph  of  Arimathea. — Sir 
T.  Maloij,  Bfstpry  of  Prmce  Arpivwy  i,  41 
(1470). 

Longomonta'ntis    {Ckristiany,   of 
Jatbod,    a    Danish,  astoonomer    (156^ 

mi). 

What  ikk  jour  Ovdaa  {am  JtaHan  arfrowpmjrl  toA 
ytm  ftnhiig .  joar  Mtiwhahh,  and  your  LoognnoBtMHi^ 
ytm  kanowiy  of  ddraaiauejr  with  Mtrolonr  T— W.  Cbo- 
UM/ar  Lem*.  it.  i^tBB^ 


Lonna,  that  is,  Colonna,  the  most 
foothem  point  of  Attica,  called  ''Su* 
nhim's  msnled  steep."  Here  once  stood 
a  temple  to  Minerva,  called  by  Falconer, 
in  7a4  Shipwreck^  **  Tritonia's  sacred 
fuie.**  The  ship  Britannia  struck 
sgainst  **  the  cape's  projecting  verge,** 
sad  was  wrecked. 

Tm.  at  tha  daad  oT  alskt,  lif  Loona'a  Btaep. 
Iha  wamant  ay  vaa  heard  alonf  tha  daepi 
fl^nipliai.  rw  KsMKTM  i^  Map*,  IL  (ITM^ 

Loose-Coat  Field.    The  battle  of 

Stamford  (1470)  was  so  called,  because  the 

BMo  led  by  lord  Wells,  bein^  attacked  by 

the  Yorkista.  tiirew  off  their  coats,  that 

they  mif^ht  flee  the  faster. 

fhrt  at  ibair  amtitnr**  ooata.  to  hasta  thair  naed  awajr. 
WMch  •  icoaa  Cot  FteW*  i«  called  «'an  to thk  Aij- 

Dnjtoq,  FMgolbt0H,  sxU.  (ISiS). 

Lo'pe  de  Vesa  (Fslw),  a  Spanish 
poet,  bom  at  Madrid.  He  was  one  of 
those  who  came  in  the  famous  "  Armada  '* 
to  mvade  England.  Lope  (2  »yl.)  wrote 
altogether  IBOO  tragedies,  comedies, 
dramas,  or  religions  pieces  called  auto$ 
maramtntales  (1562-1635). 


,^_, a  aiiiM.    Aa  kaaw  by  haart 

iJI  rhkhiiwi  aad  peater  pmrt  of  Lopi. 

Qpga.  Don  /mm.  L  U  (Itm. 

Iiopes,  tii«  **  Spanish  curate." — 
B«aamont  and  Fletcher,  Tfte  Spaniah 
Curate  (1622). 

Lopez  {Dtjn)f  a  Portuguese  nobleman, 
tibe  father    of    don    Felix   and    douna 


Isabella*— Mn*  CeniUvra,   Tkg   Wonder 
(1714). 

Iiorbrul'g^rud,  the  capital  of  Brob- 
dingnag.  The  word  i«  bomoronsly  laid 
to  mean  *'  pride  of  the  Univrase.'^-*- 
Swift,  Gulliver's  TnmM9  ('^Voyage  to 
Brobdingnag,'*  1726). 

IiOid,  a  hnnchback.  (Greek,  hrdos^ 
»*  crooked.") 

Ijord  Peter.  The  pope  is  so  called  in 
Br.  Arbnthnot*B  Bistory  of  John  BuiL 
Swift,  in  his  Tale  of  a  7V6,  introduces  the 
three  brothers  Peter,  John,  and  Martin, 
meaning  the  pope,  Cklvin,  and  Luther. 

Iiord  Strutt.  Charles  II.  of  Spain 
18  so  GhUed  by  Dr.  Arbuthnot,  in.  his 
History  of  John  Buil  (1712). 

tbauMaaM  ofti 


wfaidi  poor  lord  Strutt  feB.  on  haarinf  that  hit  nmairar 
nnraot  Nic  Froc  bit  cMhl«  John  BuD.  and  M»  <M 
anaair  Lewla  BabPoa.  bad  eono  wttb  qaadnuiti.  voka, 
and  iak-honu,  to  nnaf  hii  attati^  tmd  Ip  dimw  hl|  wV 
tec  bhn.— Macaalay. 

Xiord  Thomas  and  Ajuiet  bad 

a  lovers*  quarrel;  whereupon,  lord 
Thomas,  in  his  temper,  went  and  offered 
marriage  to  the  nut-Drown  maid  who  had 
houses  and  lands.  On  the  wed^ng  day, 
Annet  wait  to  the  chuidi,  and  lord 
Thomas  gave  ber  a  rose,  but  the  nut- 
brown  maid  killed  ber  with  a  **  bodkin 
from  her  head-gear.**  Lord  Thomas,  see- 
ing Annet  fall,  plunged  bis  dagger  into 
the  heart  of  the  murderess,  and  then 
stabbed  himself.  Over  the  graves  of  lord 
Thomas  and  the  fair  Annet  grew  **a 
bonny  briar,  and  by  this  ye  may  ken  that 
they  were  lovers,  dear.**  In  some  ver- 
sions of  this  story  Annet  is  called 
<*  Elinor.**— Percy,  Meliquea,  sto.,  HI.  iii. 

Iiord  of  Craay  Castle,  Jfobn  Hall 
Stevenson,  author  of  Crazy  Tales  (in. 
verse).  J.  H.  Stevenson  liv^  at  Skelton 
Castle,  ^hich  was  nicknamed  ^^  Crazy 
Castle**  (1718-17«»). 

Iiord  of  the  Isles,  Donald  of  Islay, 
who  in  1346  reduced  the  Hebrides  under 
his  sway.  The  title  of  **lord  of  the 
Isles**  had  been  borne  by  others  for 
centuries  before,  was  borne  by  Steven- 
son's successors,  and  is  now  one  of  the 
titles  of  the  prince  of  Wales. 

Sir  W.  Scott  has  a  metrical  romance 
entitled  The  Lord  of  the  Isles  (1815). 

Iioredani  {Giacomo)^  interpreter  of 
kin^  Richard  I.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Talisman  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Xioreda'no  {James)^  a  Yen^^tian 
patrician,   and  one    of  the  0>nncil  of 


LORENZO. 


666 


LOT. 


Ten.    LoredAoo  was  the  penonal  enemv 
of  the  Foc'cari.^Brron,  The  Two  Fotcari 

(isao). 

Ijoren'ao,  a  yonng  man  with  whom 
Jes'sica,  the  dankhter  of  the  Jew  Shy- 
lock,  elopes. — Shue«>eare,  The  Merchant 
of  Venice  (1698). 

Lorenzo,  an  atbciit  and  reprobate, 
whoM  remorse  ends  in  despair. — Dr. 
Totmg,  Night  Thoughte  (1742-6). 

*«*  Some  affirm  that  Lorenso  is  meant 
for  the  poet's  own  son. 

Lorenzo  (Colonel) ,  a  younfi^  libertine  In 
Dryden's  dnma,  The  SpantMk  Fryar 
(1680). 

Iioretto  (The  House  of).  The  Santa 
Casa  is  the  reputed  house  of  the  virgin 
Mary  at  Naxareth.  It  was  miraculously 
translated  to  Fiume,  in  Dalmatiai  in 
1291,  thence  to  Recana'U  in  1294,  and 
finallv  to  Macera'ta,  in  Italy,  to  a  plot  of 
land  belonging  to  the  lady  Loretto. 


,  Cor  hoMM  oMjr  ban  tntiriM  thrm^h  tto  air.  Ukt  Um 
bouN  or  LoreCt*.  for  aaigbt  I  eara.-<SohfaBttk,  Tkt  Ocod- 
nmUtrmi  Mam,  hr.  1  [UtS^ 

Ijoretto  of  Austria,  Mariazel 
r"Maryintheeeir'),inStyxiA.  So  called 
from  the  miracle-working  image  of  the 
Virgin.  The  image  is  old  and  very  ugly. 
Two  pilgrimages  are  made  to  it  yearly. 

Iioretto  of  Switserland.  Ein- 
siedlen,  a  village  containing  a  shrine  of 
the  "  Black  Lady  of  SwitwrUnd.''  The 
church  is  of  black  marble,  and  the  iouige 
of  ebony. 

Iiorimer,  one  of  the  guard  at  Arden- 
vohr  Castle.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Legend  of 
Montrose  (time,  Charles  I.). 

IiOrioty  "the  confidante  and  ser- 
vants" of  Louis  XV.  Loriot  was  the 
inventor  of  lifts,  by  which  tables  de- 
scended, and  rose  again  covered  with 
viands  and  wines. 

Hm  (11110111  iid«lMMnl  playi  iti  bomblo  put, 
Bcjrood  the  tritunphu  of  •  Lorlot'i  art 

a  Rogars,  MpiatU  to  a  FHtnd  (1796). 

Ijorma,  wife  of  Enragon  king  of 
Sora,  in  Scandinavia.  She  fell  in  love 
with  Aldo,  a  (Medonian  officer  in  the 
king's  army.  The  guilty  pair  escaped  to 
Morven,  which  Erragon  forthwith  in- 
vaded. Erragon  encountered  Aldo  in 
single  cotnbat,  and  slew  him  ;  was  him- 
self slain  in  battle  by  Gaul  son  of 
Momi ;  and  Lorma  died  of  grief. — Ossian. 
The  Battle  of  Lora,  * 

Iiorn  (M'Dougal  of),  a  Highland 
chief  in  the  array  of  Montrose.^ir  W. 


•  MdavyBorit. 

Mirai 


Scott,  Legend  of  Montrose  (time,  Ouuiea 
L). 

Ijorrequer  {Harry),  tiie  hero  and 
title  of  a  military  novel  by  €harlf 
Lever. 

IfOr'riznite  (8  syl,),  a  malignant 
witch,  who  abetted  and  aided  Ar^vmlan 
in  his  persecutions  of  Kail'yal  tlie  bean- 
tiful  and  holy  danghter  of  LadnrHad. — 
Sottthey,  Cnrse  of  Kehama,  id,  (1809). 

Ijorry  (Jarvis),  one  of  the  firm  in 
Tellson's  bank,  Temple  Bar,  and  a 
friend  of  Dr.  Hanette.  Jarvis  tony  waa 
orderly,  precise,  and  methodical,  but 
tender-hearted  and  affectionate. 

HalMdasoodI 
ktollttiadMCali^ten 
.  .  .  Hb£Ma.baUtial|r 
■p  by  a  pair  of  aMliI 
Tm0CUim,L4(iam. 

Iiosbeme  (2  j^.),  the  medical  man 
called  in  by  Mrs.  llaylie  to  attend  Oliver 
Twisty  after  the  attempted  burglary  by 
Bill  Sikes  and  his  associates. — C  XMckena, 
Oliver  Twist  (1837). 

Iioet  Island.  Cephalo'nia  is  so 
called,  because  "it  was  only  bv  diance 
that  those  who  visited  it  could  find  it 
again.**  It  is  sometimes  called  **Tbe 
Hidden  IsUud.** 

IjOt.  consul  of  Londonesia,  and  after- 
wards king  of  Norway.  He  was  brother 
of  Urian  and  Ang^usel,  and  married  Anne 
(own  sister  of  king  Arthur),  by  whom  he 
had  two  sons,  Walgan  and  Hodred. — 
Gtoffny,  British  Hietory,  viiL  21 ;  U.  9, 
10(114^. 

*«*  This  account  differs  so  widelpr 
from  that  of  Arthurian  romance,  that  it 
is  not  possible  to  reconcile  them.  In  the 
History  of  Prince  Arthur,  Lot  king  of 
Orkney  marries  Margawse  the  '*  sister  of 
king  Arthur"  (pt.  i.  2).  Tennyson,  in 
his  Oareth  and  Lynette,  savs  that  Lot's 
wife  was  Bellicent.  Again,  the  sons  of  Lot 
are  called,  in  the  History,  Gaw'ain,  A|pm- 
vain,  Galieris,  and  (lareUi;  Mordred  ia 
their  half-brother,  being  the  son  of  kin^ 
Arthur  and  the  same  mother. — Sir  1\ 
Malonr,  History  of  Prince  Arthur,  i.  2,  86, 
86  (1470). 

Lot,  king  of  Orkney.  According  to  the 
Morte  d'Arthur,  king  Lot's  wUe  wss 
liargawse  or  Morgawse,  sister  of  king 
Arthur,  and  their  sons  were  sir  (Saw'ain, 
sir  Ag'ravain,  sir  (salieris,  and  sir 
(5areth.— Sir  T.  Malory,  History  of  Prince 
Arthur,  i.  86  (1470). 

Once  or  twice  Elain  is  called  the  wife 


LOT, 


607 


LOUIS  DL 


if  Lot,  bat  litis  ii  a  mistake.  Elain  was 
Aithin's  sister  hv  the  same  mother,  and 
wti  the  wife  of  sir  Nentres  of  Cariot. 
Mordred  was  the  son  of  Morgawse  by 
her  brother  Arthur,  and  conseqoently 
Gavain,  Af^vain,  Gaheris,  and  Gareth 
were  his  half -brothers. 

Lot,  kinff  of  Orkne]^.  According  to 
Tennyson,  King  Lot*s  wife  was  Bellicent, 
dan^ter  of  GorloTs  lord  of  Tintag'il 
Gisue,  in  Cornwall,  and  Lot  was  the  father 
•f  Gaw'ain  (2  syl.)  and  Modred.  This 
sccoimt  differs  entirely  from  the  History 
•f  Prmoe  Arthur,  by  sir  T.  Malory. 
There  the  wife  of  Lot  is  called  Bfargawse 
or  Moi^awse  (Arthur*8  sister).  Geoffrey 
of  Monmouth,  on  the  other  band,  calU 
her  Auie  (Arthur's  sister).  The  sons  of 
L<^  according  to  the  ^  History,  were 
Gawun,  Agrarain,  Gaheris,  and  Uaroth  : 
Modred  or  Mordred  being  the  ofhpring  of 
Morgawse  and  Arthur.  This  ignoble 
birth  the  History  assigns  as  the  reason  of 
Mordred*s  hatred  to  king  Arthur,  his  adul- 
toons  fsther  and  uncle.  Lot  was  sub- 
dued by  king  Arthur,  fighting  on  behalf 
of  Leodogran  or  I^eodogrance  king  of 
Csm'eliard. — See  Tennyson,  Coming  of 
Arthw. 

Lot* s  Wifb.  Wihela,  who  was  con- 
federste  with  tae  men  of  Sodom,  and 
fsre  them  notice  when  any  stran^r  came 
to  lodge  in  the  house.  Her  sign  was 
moke  by  day  and  fire  hj  night.  Lot's 
wife  was  turned  into  a  pillar  of  salt. — 
JsU&lo'ddin,  At  ZamaUu 

Lotha'rio,  a  noble  cavalier  of  Flo- 
rence, the  friend  of  Anselmo.  Anselmo 
iodnced  him  to  put  the  fidelity  of  his 
wife  Camilla  to  the  test,  that  he  might 
rejoice  in  her  incorruptible  virtue;  out 
Gunilla  was  not  trial-proof,  and  eloped 
with  Lothario.  Anselmo  tiien  died  of 
grief,  Lothario  was  slain  in  battle,  and 
Csmilla  died  in  a  convent. — Cervantes, 
Don  QmxoU,  1.  iv.  5, 6  ("  Fatal  Curiosity,'^ 
105). 

Ldkaario,  a  young  Genoese  nobleman, 
'*  haughty,  gallant,  gay,  and  perfidious.*^ 
He  teduoed  Calista,  daughter  of  Sciol'to 
(S  syl.)  a  Genoese  nobleman,  and  was 
killed  in  a  duel  by  Altamont  the  husband. 
This  is  the  "gay  Lothario,**  which  has 
become  a  honsehold  word  for  a  libertine 
sad  male  coquette. — ^N.  Bowe,  Tke  Fair 
Fmiteni  (IIW). 


Maw,  fh*  Arfr  ftmittnL 

%*  The  Fair  Penitent  is  taken  from 


Massinger*s  Fatal  Dowry,  in  wUdi  Lo- 
thario is  called  "  Novall,  Junior.** 

IjOthian  (Scotland).  So  named  from 
Llew,  second  son  of  Arthur ;  also  called 
Lotus  and  I^thus.  Arthur's  eldest  son 
was  Urian,  and  his  youngest  Arawn. 

*«*  In  some  legends,  Lothian  is  made 
the  father  of  Modred  or  Medrant,  leader 
of  the  rebellious  army  which  fought  at 
Ckmlan,  a.d.  687,  in  which  Arthur  re* 
ceived  his  death-wound  ;  but  in  Malory's 
collection,  called  The  History  of  Prinot 
Arthur,  Modred  is  called  ttie  sou  of 
Arthur  by  his  own  sister  the  wife  of  king 
Lot. 

IiOtte  (2  syl,),  a  young  woman  of 
strong  affection  and  domestic  winning 
ways,  the  wife  of  Albert  a  young  German 
fanner.  Werther  loved  Lotte  when  she 
was  only  betrothed  to  Albert,  and  con- 
tinued to  love  her  after  she  became  a 
young  wife.  His  mewling  and  puling 
after  this  "forbidden  fruit,"  which  Ur- 
minates  in  suicide,  make  up  the  sum  and 
substance  of  the  tale,  which  is  told  in 
the  form  of  letters  addressed  to  divers 
persons. — (Goethe,  Sorrows  of  Werther 
(1774). 

"Lotte**  was  Charlotte  Buff,  who 
married  Kestner,  Goethe's  friend,  Uie 
"Albert"  of  the  novel.  Goethe  was  in 
love  with  C^rlotte  Buff,  and  her  mar- 
riage with  Kestner  soured  the  temper  of 
his  over-sensitive  mind. 

Jx>tUB''Ea,terB  or  Lotoph'agi,  apeople 
who  ate  of  the  lotus  tree,  the  effed^^  of 
which  was  to  make  them  forget  *iieir 
friends  and  homes,  and  to  lose  all  desire 
of  returning  to  their  native  land.  The 
lotus-eater  only  cares  to  live  in  ease, 
luxury,  and  idleness. — Homer,  Odyssey, 
xi. 

*«*  Tennyson  has  a  poem  called  The 
Lotos-Eaters,  a  set  of  islanders  who  live 
in  a  dreamy  idleness,  weary  of  life,  and 
regardless  (rf  all  its  stirring  events. 

IiOUi8,dncd'Orl^ans.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Quentin  Durward  (time,  Edward  lY.). 

IjOuIs  de  Bourbon,  the  prince- 
bishop  of  Li^e  \Le,age'].—S\T  W.  Scott, 
Quentin  Durwara  (time,  Edward  lY.). 

IiOlds  IX.  The  sum  of  the  figures 
which  desi^ate  the  birth-date  of  this 
king  will  give  his  titular  number.  Thus, 
he  was  bom  in  1215,  the  sum  of  which 
figures  is  9.  This  is  true  of  several  other 
kings.  The  discorery  might  form  an 
occasional  diversion  on  a  dull  evening. 
(Seo  Louis  XIV.  and  XVIII.) 


LOJDISXI. 


LiXJISB. 


l[«ovii#  XI.  of  Fnmce,  introduced  by 
Blr  W.  Scott  in  two  novek,  QuefUin  Dur- 
ward  and  Anne  of  GeiersUin  (time,  fid- 
ward  IV.). 

*«*  In  Quentin  Durtoard  he  appears 
first  disguised  as  Maitre  Pierre^  a  mercoant. 

IjOUIs  Xm.  of  France,  **iBfinn  in 
liealth,  in  mind  more  feeble,  and  Riche- 
lieu's plaything." — LQid  Ly  tton,  JfticMku 
(1939). 

IiOUls  XrV.  It  is  rather  remarkable 
that  the  number  14  is  obtained  by  adding 
together  the  fibres  of  his  age  at  deadi, 
the  figures  which  make  the  date  of  his 
coronation,  and  the  figures  of  the  date 
of  his  dsath.    For  example : 

Am  77.  wiildi  MMed  taaittMr«14 

CMwiMd  1043.  which  mUtd  tofMbcr-lC 

Died  17U.  which  MtcM  U«otti«r-U. 

Loms  XIV,  and  La  Valliere,  Louis 
XIV.  fell  in  love  with  U  Vallifere,  a 
young  lady  in  the  queen's  train,  ue 
overheard  the  ladiea  chatting.  One 
said,  "How  handsome  looks  &e  duke 
de  Gniche  to-night!**  Anpther  said, 
"  Well,  to  my  taste,  the  graceful  Gram- 
mont  bears  the  bell  from  alL'*  h  third 
remarked,  **But,  then,  that  charming 
LAuzun  has  so  modi  wi^.**  But)  La 
Vallitee  said,  **  I  scarcely  marked  them. 
When  the  king  is  by,  who  can  have  eyes, 
or  ears,  or  thought  for  others  ?  **  and,  when 
t^e  others  chaired  her,  she  re^ed: 

_  Who  9Qk«o(  lo«»t 

Xh*  nsflowcr.  gaxiuroa  the  lord  of  bnTfO. 
AUulMinuainto^M.    Wbospolworiovat 
And  who  would  wiafa  ttebrifhlMd  Wlgr  hank, 
1V>  Moop  from  flot7 1 

AdLSw 

Louis  degraded  this  ethereal  spirit  into  a 
''soiled  dove,"  and  when  she  fled  to  a  con- 
vent to  quiet  remorse,  he  fetched  her  out 
and  took  her  to  Versailles.  Wholly  un- 
able to  appreciate  such  love  as  that  of  La 
Vallibre,  he  discarded  her  for  Mde.  de 
Montespan,  and  bade  La  Valli^re  marry 
some  one.  She  obeyed  the  selfish  mon- 
arch in  word,  by  taking  the  veil  of  a  Car- 
melite nun. — Lord  Lytton,  'DiaDuches*  de 
la  Valtiere  (1886). 

Lout*  XIV,  and  his  Coach,  It  was 
lord  Stair  and  not  the  duke  of  Chester- 
field whom  the  Grand  Monarque  com- 
mended for  his  tact  in  entering  the  royal 
carriage  before  his  majesty,  when  politely 
bidden  by  him  so  to  do. 

IiOUis  XVIII.,  nicknamed  Des-htU- 
tresy  because  he  was  a  great  feeder,  like 
all  the  Bourbons,  and  especially  fond  of 
oysters.  Of  course  the  pun  is  on  duehuU 
(18). 


As  IB  the  case  of  L^ois  IX.  («^«.)»  ih^ 
ram  of  the  figures  which  dc^gaate  tiM 
birth-date  of  Louis  XVI IL  give  hia 
titular  number.  Thoa,  he  waa  bom  I7M^ 
which  added  together  equal  18b 

IiOUiB  Fliilippe  of  France.  It  is 
somewhat  curious  mat  the  year  of  his 
birth,  or  the  year  of  the  queen's  birtl^  or 
the  year  of  his  flight,  added  to  the  year  of 
his  coronation,  will  giva  the  year  1848^ 
the  date  wf  his  abdicaidoa.  He  waa  bom 
1778,  his  queen  was  bom  1782,  his  flight 
was  in  1809 ;  whence  we  get: 


(See  Napolkon  III.  for  a  tomeiriial 
sitnilu*  coincidrace.), 

IfOUifUL  daughter  of  don  Jaroma  of 
Seville,  inlove  with  don  Antonio*  Her 
father  insists  on  her  marrying  Isaac 
Mendosa,  a  Portuguese  Jew,  and,  as  sha 
refuses  to  obey  nim,  he  d^ermiiiea  to 
lock  her  up  in  her  ohamber.  In  his  blind 
rage,  he  makes  a  great  mistake,  for  ha 
locks  up  the  duenna,  and  turns  his 
daughter  out  of  doors.  Isaac  arrives,  i« 
introduced  to  the  lockedf  up  lad^,  elopes 
with  her,  and  marries  heiv  Looisa  takes 
refuge  in  St  Catberine'a  Convent,  and 
writes  to  her  father  for  his  consent  to  hcv 
marriage  with  tiie  man  of  her  choice.  As 
don  Jerome  takes  ii  fbr  granted  sba 
means  Isaac  the  Jew,  be  ^ves  hiaconssat> 
freely.  At  breakfast-time  it  is  dis- 
covered by  the  old  man  that  Isaac  has 
married  the  duenna,  and  Louisa  don 
Antonio ;  but  don  Jerome  is  well  pleased 
and  fully  satisfied^^heridan,  2V2)itfniM 
(1776), 

Mrs.  Mattocks  (1745^1826)  was  tfaa 
first  "Louisa,** 

XotMso,  dauffhter  of  Bnsset  bailliF  to 
the  duchess,  wie  was  engaged  to  Henry, 
a  private  in  the  king*B  army.  Hea?ing  a 
rumour  of  gallafitry  to  the  disadvantaji^ 
of  her  lover,  she  consented  to  put  his 
love  to  the  test  by  pretending  tnat  she 
was  about  to  marry  Simkin.  Wheo 
Henry  heard  thereof,  he  gave  himself  up 
as  a  deserter,  and  was  condemned  tn 
death.  Louisa  then  went  to  the  king  to 
explain  the  whole  matter,  and  returned 
with  the  younff  man's  pardon  just  as  the 
muffled  drums  oegan  the  death  march.— 
Dibdin,  I%s  Deserter  (1770). 

Xiouise  (2  8yl,)f  the  g^ee-maiden. — 


Minsic 


U9 


iiOYSrCHABB. 


Sir  W.  ScoU,  Fair  Maid  of  Pcrih  (time, 
HeaiylY.). 

Ifouise  [de  Iiasoours],  wife  of 
Ralph  captain  of  the  Uran'kL,  and  mo- 
ther of  Martha  (afterwards  called  Or- 
gari'ta).  Louise  de  Lascours  sailed  with 
■er  innint  daughter  and  her  husband  in 
the  Urofiia,  Lonise  and  the  captain 
were  drowned  by  the  breaking  up  of  an 
icebeis ;  but  Martha  was  rescued  by  some 
wild  Indians,  who  brought  her  up.  and 
called  her  namo  Organta  ('*  withered 
wheat**).— E.  Stirling,  Orphan  of  the 
fVozm  Sea  (1866). 

Xioupgaroo,  leader  of  tiie  army  of 
naate  in  alliance  with  the  Dipsodes 
(2  jy/.).  As  he  threatened  to  make 
mineemaal  of  Pkatag'ruel,  the  prince 
saTe  him  a  kick  which  overthrew  him, 
then,  liffeing  him  up  by  kis  ankles,  he 
m«ed  him  as  a  quarter-staff.  Having 
kJUed  all  the  giants  in  the  hostile  army, 
Fntagmel  flung  the  body  of  Loui^^arOn 
•o  tht  groond,  and.  by  so  doing,  crushed 
a  tom-cat,  a  tabby,  a  duck,  and  a 
brindled  goose. — ^Kabelais,  FantagrueL  iL 
tt  (15aa). 

lioaponheiglit  (The  young  laird of)^ 
at  the  baU  at  li^lemaa.— dir  W.  Scott, 
Th«  Surgeon'*  Daughter   (time,  George 

IiOurdiBy  an  idiotic  scholar  of  Sor- 
bonne. 


Sift' 


BoftwuiM  on  DoetMr  ^iDOWB 
unc  )our  4  *  d»me  rebcUB : 


**  J«  M  pok  rkui  madisr  4»  yfum,  bal*** . . 

Aryaoalc:  " 81  macjatcr Lourdli 

Dt  m  UMlB  DMriter  u«  peut  rton } 

IiflD  D«  pent  nerit«r  pvadli, 

Cv.  (gaff  It  aoAua.  pnaidls  ta  vast  UBa." 

lUrot.  SptgrmiL 
todor  LoorOi  cHcd.  lit  hnnble  mirH. 
«l  Kiitti'rlM  b«  eouM  Mvtr  nMrit. 
^Ava  kmvr«  to  tbce.*"  lald  IUt«,  " eui  dc'ot  to  ftm. 
I  my  wortk,  yoa  nuKt  allov,  thaa  h«av«i." 


IiOiirie  {TamV.  Che  innkeeper  at 
Marchthom.— Sir  W.  Scott,  St.  Eonan'e 
WW/  (time,  George  III.)* 

liOUTre  ( TV),  a  oonrnption  of  l^iparaj 
as  it  ie  called  in  old  title-deeds.  Da- 
gobert  built  here  a  hunting-box,  the 
iincleas  of  the  present  pile  of  bniidinga. 

Ijouvre  of  8t  Petersburg  (The), 
the  Hermitage,  an  imperial  museum. 

JjOV^k  *  drama  by  S.  Knowlea  (1S40). 
The  co,antets  Catherine  is  taught  by  a 
Mrf  named  Huon  who  i*  her  secretary, 
aad  4all9  in  love  with  him ;  but  her  pride 
atruggke  against  such  an  une<j|ual  match. 
The  duke,  her  father,  heanng  of  hia 
daughter's  love,  commanda  Huon,  on  pain 


of  death,  to  marry  Catherine  a  freed  serf. 
He  refuses ;  but  the  countess  herself  bids 
him  obey.  He  plights  his  troth  to  Ca- 
therine, supposing  it  to  be  C  Jitherine  the 
quondam  serf,  rushes  to  the  wars,  obtains 
great  honours,  becomes  a  prince,  and  then 
learns  that  the  Catherine  he  has  wed  is  the 
duke*s  daughter. 

Zootfj  or  rather  affection,  according  to 
Plato,  18  disposed  in  Uie  liver. 

WlUiin.  aome  our.  Lore  iMh  hli  hAMtatlon  ; 

Not  Cupkri  ■air.  but  Cii^*a  hotter  brotiMr ; 
for  Oupid'i  Mlf  (hralU  vlUi  a  low  nafion, 

fiat  tbb,  mor*  sure,  tnucs  chaster  iban  tke  etber. 
Ph.  Flctdier.  ri«  l^wrpU  iiUmd  (ISM). 

Zove,  *' 3fan*s  love  is  of  man*s  life 
a  thing  apart ;  'tis  woman's  whole  exist- 
ence."—Byron,  Von  Juan,  i.  194  (X819), 

Love. 

U  h  better  to  hste  towd  •Bd  Io< 
than  nerar  to  have  loved  at  all, 

Taamaop.  M  Min$rjam 

Thomas  Moore,  in  his  Irish  Melodies, 
expresses  an  opposite  opinion: 

Better  fiu- to  be 

In  eodleaa  4arln>e«  iyiog, 
Iban  be  in  lifht  aad  aee 

Tbat  Ilgbt  far  ever  tf\ng. 

A<t  tkttt'B  Bright  wmm  /M 

Love.  All  for  Love  or  the  World  Well 
Loetf  a  tragedy  by  Dryden,  on  the  same 
subject  as  Shakespeare's  A^ony  and 
Cleopatra  (1679). 

Iiove  d,-la-Mode.  by  O.  MackKn 
(1779).  The  **  love  a-la^node  '*  is  that  of 
fortune-hunters.  Qiarlotte  Goodchild  is 
courted  by  a  Scotchman  '*of  ponderous 
descent,"  an  Italian  Jew  broker  of  great 
fortune,  and  an  Irishman  in  the  ^^ssian 
army.  It  is  given  out  that  Cha^otte  has 
lost  her  money  through  the  bankruptcy 
of  sir  Theodore  Goodcnild,  her  guardian. 
Upon  this,  the  a-la-mode  suitors  with-* 
draw,  and  leave  sir  Callaghan  O'Bral- 
laghan,  the  true  lover,  master  of  the 
situation.  The  tale  about  the  bankruptcy 
is  of  course  a  mere  myth. 

Iiove  oannot  Bie. 

Tkcjr  abi  who  tell  MB  Love  esB  dl*. 
WtthUlSaall  other  paadonafr  .  .  . 
tbejr  perbh  where  ibcy  have  their  birtk{ 

Bat  l4>ve  la  {ndeetnteUMe. 
Ila  bo)jr  taine  for  ever  barnelh ; 
From  heaven  It  cvne.  to  heaven  retomelh  .  • 

It  soweCh  here  In  tofl  and  c«re; 
Bat  the  hatveet-tine  of  Love  la  thera, 

Southqr.  OuTM  V  A'etafiM.  x.  10  (ISOSX 

IiOTe-Chaaa  (The\  a  drama  by  S. 
Knowles  (1887).  Thiee  lovers  chased 
three  beloved  ones  with  a  view  to  mav- 
ria^  (1)  Waller  loves  Lydia,  lady'a- 
maid  to  Widow  Green,  but  m  reslitv  Ukb 
sister  of  Trueworth.    She  quitted  home 


LOVE  DOCTOR. 


570 


LOYE-PRODUCEBS. 


lo  avoid  a  hateful  marriafi^  and  took 
•ervice  for  the  nonce  with  Widow  Green. 
(2)  Wildrake  loves  Constance,  daughter 
9t  sir  WiUiam  Fondlove.  (3)  Sir  WU- 
liam  Fondlove,  aged  60,  loves  Widow 
Green,  aged  40.  The  difficulties  to  be 
overcome  were  these :  The  social  position 
of  Lydia  galled  the  aristocratic  pride  of 
Waller,  but  love  won  the  day.  Wild- 
rake and  Constance  sparred  with  each 
other,  and  hardly  knew  they  loved  till 
it  dawned  upon  them  that  each  mieht 
prefer  some  other,  and  then  they  felt 
that  the  loss  would  be  irreparable. 
Widow  Green  set  her  heart  on  marrying 
Waller ;  but  as  Waller  preferred  Lydia, 
she  accepted  sir  William  for  better  or 
worse. 

IiOTe  Doctor  (Th€)j  L' Amour  Mi- 
deciiij  a  comedy  oy  Moli^  (1665^. 
Lncinde,  the  daughter  of  Sganarelle,  is 
in  love,  and  the  father  calls  in  four 
doctors  to  consult  upon  the  nature  of 
her  malady.  They  see  the  patient,  and 
retire  to  consult  together,  but  talk  about 
Paris,  about  their  visits,  about  the  topics 
of  the  day ;  and  when  the  father  enters 
to  know  what  opinion  they  have  formed, 
they  all  prescribe  diflferent  remedies^  and 
pronounce  different  opinions.  Lisette 
then  calls  in  a  "  ouack "  doctor  (Cli- 
tandre,  the  lover)^  wno  says  that  he  must 
act  on  the  imagination,  and  proposes  a 
seeming  marriage,  to  which  Sganarelle 
assents,  saying,  **  Voila  un  grand  m^e- 
cin."  The  assistant  being  a  notary, 
Clitandze  and  Lucinde  are  formally  mar- 
ried. 

*4i*  This  comedy  is  the  basis  of  the 
Quack  Doctor,  by  Foote  and  Bickerstaff, 
onlv  in  the  English  version  Mr.  Ailwood 
is  the  patient. 

Iiove  in  a  Village,  an  opera  by 
Isaac  Bickerstaff.  It  contains  two  plots : 
the  loves  of  Rosetta  and  young  Mesidows, 
and  the  loves  of  Lucinda  and  Jack 
Eastace.  The  entanglement  is  this: 
Ro8ctta*s  father  wanted  her  to  marry 
young  Meadows,  and  sir  William  Meadows 
wanted  his  son  to  marry  Rosetta ;  but  as 
the  young  people  had  never  seen  each 
other,  they  turned  restive  and  ran  away. 
It  so  happened  that  both  took  service 
with  justice  Woodcock — Rosetta  as 
chamber-maid,  and  Meadows  as  gardener. 
Here  they  fell  in  love  with  each  other, 
and  ultimately  married,  to  the  delight  of 
all  conoemed.  The  other  part  of  the 
plot  18  this : 

Locinda  was  the  daughter  of  justice 


Woodcock,  and  fell  in  love  with  Ja4^ 
Eustace  while  nursing  her  sick  mother, 
who  died.  The  justice  had  nevor  seen 
the  young  man,  but  resolutely  forbad* 
the  connection ;  whereupon  Jack  Eustace 
entered  the  house  as  a  music-maater, 
and,  by  the  kind  offices  of  friends,  all 
came  right  at  last. 

Iiove  Makes  a  Man,  a  comedy 
concocted  by  Colley  Cibber  by  welding 
together  two  of  the  comedies  of  Beaumont 
and  Fletcher,  viz.,  the  Eider  Brother  and 
the  Custom  of  the  Country,  Carlos,  a 
young  student  (son  of  Antonio),  sees 
Ang<mna,  the  daughter  of  Qiarino,  and 
falU  in  love  with  her.  His  character 
instantly  changes,  and  the  modest,  diffi- 
dent bookworm  becomes  energetic,  manl  j, 
and  resolute.  Angelina  is  promised  by 
her  father  to  Clodio  a  coxcomb,  the 
younger  brother  of  Carlos;  bnt  ik» 
student  elopes  with  her.  They  are  taken 
captives,  but  meet  after  several  adven- 
tures, and  become  duly  engaged.  Clodio, 
who  goes  in  search  of  the  nij^itivea,  meets 
with  Elvira,  to  whom  he  engages  himself, 
and  thus  leaves  the  field  open  to  his 
brother  Carlos. 

Ijove-Produoenu 

It  is  a  Basque  superstition  that  yellow 
hair  in  a  man  is  irresistible  with  women ; 
hence  everv  woman  who  set  ^res  on 
Ezkabi  Fidel,  the  golden-haired,  fell  in 
love  with  him. 

It  is  a  West  Highland  superstition  tliat 
a  beauty  spot  cannot  be  resisted  ;  hence 
Diarmaid  inspired  masterless  love  by  a 
beauty  spot. 

In  Greek  fable,  a  cestns  worn  by  a 
woman  inspired  love ;  hence  AphrodHd 
was  irresistible  on  account  of  her  cestns. 

In  the  Middle  Age8,love-powder8  were 
advertised  for  sale;  and  a  wise  senator 
of  Venice  was  not  ashamed  to  urge  on 
his  reverend  brethren,  as  a  fact,  thai 
Othello  had  won  the  love  of  Desdemona 
**by  foul  charms,**  drugs,  mrnerala, 
spells,  potions  of  mountebanks,  or  some 
dram  "powerful  o'er  the  Uood**  to 
awaken  love. 

Theocrltos  and  Virgil  have  both  intro- 
duced in  their  pastorals  women  naing 
charms  and  incantations  to  inspire  or 
recover  the  affection  of  the  oppoaite  aex. 

Gay,  in  the  Shepherd's  Week,  makes 
the  mistress  of  Lubberkin  spend  all  her 
money  in  buyiiM[  a  love-powder.  Frots- 
sart  says  that  Gaston,  son  of  the  count 
de  Foix,  received  a  bag  of  powder  from 
his  uncle  ((Varies  the  Bad)  for  restoring 


LOVE'S  LABOUR'S  LOST. 


671 


LOVEL. 


the  lore  of  his  father  to  bis  mother. 
The  love  of  Tristram  and  Tsold  is  at- 
tributed to  their  drinking  on  their 
iouniey  a  love-potion  designed  for  king 
Mark,  the  intended  husband  of  the  fair 
princess. 

An  Iridi  soperstition  is  that  if  a  lover 
vill  run  a  hair  of  the  object  beloved 
through  the  fleahj  part  of  a  dead  man's 
leg,  ue  person  from  whom  the  hair  was 
taken  will  go  mad  with  love. 

We  are  told  that  Charlemagne  was  be- 
witdied  by  a  ring,  and  that  he  followed 
any  one  who  possessed  this  ring  as  a 
needle  follows  a  loadstone  (see  p.  177). 

*«*  To  do  justice  to  this  subject  would 
require  several  pages,  and  all  that  can  be 
done  here  is  to  give  a  few  brief  hints  and 
examples. 

Lovers  Iiabotir'8  Iiost.  Ferdinand 
king  of  Navarre,  with  three  lords  named 
Biron,  Dnraain,  and  Longaville,  agreed  to 
^Mnd  three  years  in  study,  during  whidi 
tune  no  woman  was  to  approach  the 
eoort.  Scarcely  had  they  signed  the 
conpactt  when  the  princess  of  France, 
attended  by  Rosaline,  Maria,  and  Kathar- 
rise,  besought  an  interview  respecting 
certain  debta  said  to  be  due  from  the 
kiag  of  France  to  the  king  of  Navarro. 
The  four  gentlemen  fell  in  love  with  the 
fwr  ladies :  the  king  wiUi  the  princess, 
Biron  with  Rosaline,  Longaville  with 
Maria,  and  Dumain  with  Katharine.  In 
Older  to  cany  their  suits,  the  four  gentle^ 
Ben,  disguised  as  Muscovites,  presented 
fteauelves  before  the  ladies ;  but  the 
Isdies,  being  warned  of  the  masguerade, 
diignued  themselves  also,  so  ttuit  tiie 
gentlemen  in  every  case  addressed  the 
vrcttg  lady.  However,  it  was  at  lengdi 
armnged  that  the  suits  should  be  de- 
ferred for  twelve  months  and  a  day ;  and 
if,  at  the  expiration  of  that  time,  they 
rcKained  of  the  same  mind,  the  matter 
diould  be  taken  into  serious  considera- 
tioo.— Shakespeare,  Lone^t  Labour's  Lost 
(1»4). 

Loves  of  the  Angels,  the  stories 
•f  three  angels,  in  verse,  by  T.  Moore 
(1822).  The  stories  are  founded  on  the 
lastem  tale  of  Harut  and  Marut^  and  the 
labbinical  fictions  of  the  loves  of  Uzziet 
nd  ^amehazoL 

1.  The  fint  ftagd  fell  in  love  with  Lea, 
whom  he  saw  bauiing.  She  returned  love 
for  love,  but  his  love  was  carnal,  hers 
heavenly.  He  loved  the  woman,  she 
kvad  the  angel.  One  day,  the  angel  told 
her  the  spell-word  which  opens  the  gates 


of  heaven.  She  pronounced  it,  and  rose 
through  the  air  into  paradise,  while  the 
angel  became  imbruted,  being  no  longer 
an  angel  of  light,  but  "of  the  earth, 
earthy?' 

2.  The  second  angel  was  Rubi,  one  of 
the  seraphs.  He  fell  in  love  with  liris, 
who  asked  him  to  come  in  all  his  celestial 
glory.  He  did  so ;  and  she,  rushing  into 
his  arms,  was  burnt  to  death ;  but  the 
kiss  she  gave  him  became  a  brand  on  his 
face  for  ever. 

3.  The  third  angel  was  Zaraph,  who 
loved  Nama.  It  was  Kama's  desire  to 
love  without  control,  and  to  love  holily ; 
but  as  she  fixed  her  love  on  a  creature, 
and  not  on  the  Creator,  both  she  and 
Zaraph  were  doomed  to  live  among  the 
things  that  perish,  till  this  mortal  is 
swallowed  up  of  immortalitv,  when  Nama 
and  Zaraph  will  be  admitted  into  the 
realms  of  everlasting  love. 

Ijove's  White  Star,  the  phmet 
Venus,  which  is  silvery  white. 

im  tnmr  dalqr  riept.  and  LoreTi  whtto  itar 
BMiMd  throT  the  Uikkened  eedsr  In  Um  doik. 

Tmajmm,  Tkm  Oardmtf't  DaugkUr. 

IiOVecL  Who  ever  loved  that  loved 
not  at  first  sight?— Marlowe,  Hero  and 
Ltatider  (1687). 

Ijovegold,  the  miser,  an  old  man  of 
<S0,  who  wants  to  marry  Mariana,  his 
son's  sweetheart.  In  order  to  divert  him 
from  this  folly,  Mariana  pretends  to  be 
very  extravagant,  and  orders  a  necklace 
and  ear-rings  for  £8000,  a  petticoat  and 
gown  from  a  fabric  £12  a  yard,  and  besets 
the  house  with  duns.  Lov^old  gives 
£2000  to  be  let  off  the  bargain,  and 
Mariana  marries  the  son. — ^A.  Fielding, 
The  Miatr  (a  r^ihauff€  of  VAvare^  by 
Moli^re). 


John  ttobtf  (1777-18ttj  auds  hla  flnt  appMnuw*  ai 
Oortnt  Gatdan  IbaUra  In  the  jr«ar  17SS.  In  yvtf  oppodta 
dianuan,  "Prank  Oakland"  la  A  Own  for  th«  Mtttrt- 
Iby  MortonL  and  In  "LofefokL"    In  both  whkh 
I  1m  obtalnedgraat  appkoaa.— ir«m«<r  OSS*). 


Iiove'good  (2  $yl,)f  uncle  to  Valen- 
tine the  gallant  who  will  not  be  per- 
suaded to  keep  his  estate. — Beaumont 
and  Fletdier,  WU  mthout  Money  (1689). 

IiOVel,  once  the  page  of  lord  Beau- 
fort, in  love  with  laoy  Frances ;  but  he 
concealed  his  love  beoiuse  young  Beau- 
fort '*cast  his  affections  first  upon  the 
lady."— Murphy,  The  Citizen  (1757). 

Lovel  (Lord),  the  brid^^room  who  lost 
his  bride  on  the  wedding  day  from  play- 
ing hide-and-seek.  The  lad^hid  m  an 
old  oak  chest,  the  lid  of  which  fell  on 
her  and  closed  with  a  spring-lock.   Many 


LOTEL. 


572 


LOVELY  OB8CUBB. 


jmn  aftenrarda  the  chest  was  Bold,  and 
the  skeleton  of  the  maiden  revealed  the 
mystery  of  her  disappearance. — ^T.  H. 
Bavley,  Ths  Mistletoe  Bough, 

Samael  Rogers  has  introduced  this 
■tory  in  his  Holy  (pt.  i.  18,  1822).  He 
Bays  the  bride  was  Ginevra,  only  <^d  of 
Orsini  "an  indulgent  father;"  and  that 
the  bridegroom  was  Francesco  Doria,  **her 
playmate  from  birth,  and  her  first  love.** 
The  chest,  he  says,  was  an  heirioom, 
•*  richly  carved  by  Antony  of  Trent,  with 
Scripture  stories  from  the  life  of  Christ.** 
It  came  from  Venice,  and  had  "  held  the  * 
dncal  robes  of  some  old  ancestor."  After 
the  accident,  Francesco,  weary  of  life, 
flew  to  Venice,  and  '*  flung  his  life  away 
in  battle  with  the  Turk ;  **  Orsini  went 
deranged^  and  spent  the  life-long  day 
**  wandering  in  quest  of  something  he 
could  not  find.**  It  was  fifty  years  after- 
wards that  the  skeleton  was  disooveied  in 
the  chest. 

Collet,  in  hi«  fidia  of  J^Heratwre^  giv^s 
a  simiiai  story. 

In  the  CauMt  C^lebrea  is  another  ex- 
ample. 

A  similar  stoir  is  attached  to  Harwell 
Old  Hall,  cmee  the  residence  of  the  Sey- 
mours, and  subsequently  of  the  Dacre 
family,  and  **  t^  y^ry  chest  is  now  the 
property  of  ^e  Rev.  J.  Ha>'garth,  rector 
of  Upbam." — Post-Office  pwectory. 

The  same  tale  is  told  of  a  diest  in 
BiamshaU,  Hampshire ;  and  also  of  a 
cheat  in  the  great  hou^e  at  llalsange?) 
near  Basix^stok«. 

XotW  {Lordly  in  Clara  Reeve's  tale 
called  The  Old  Sngliak  Baron^  appears  as 
a  ghost  in  the  obscurity  of  a  dim  religious 
light  (1777). 

Lovei  (Peregrine)  f  a  wealthy  commonei^ 
who  suspects  his  servants  of  wasting  his 
substance  in  riotous  living  ;  so,  giving  out 
that  he  is  g^iag  down  to  his  country  seat 
in  Devonshire,  ne  returns  in  the  disguise 
of  an  Essex  bumpkin,  and  places  himself 
under  the  care  of  Philip,  the  butler^  to  be 
taught  the  duties  of  a  sentleman's  ser- 
vant. Lovel  finds  that  l^ilip  has  invited 
a  large  party  to  supper,  that  the  servants 
assembled  assume  tne  titles  and  airs  of 
their  masters  and  mistresses,  and  that  the 
best  wines  of  tiie  cellar  are  set  before 
them.  In  the  midst  of  the  banquet,  be 
app^rs  before  the  party  in  his  real  cha^ 
ractei,  breaks  up  the  revel,  and  dismisses 
all  the  household  except  Tom,  whom  he 
phu^cs  in  charge  of  the  cellar  and  plate. — 


Rev.  J.  Townley,  Suh  IMe  Bekm  Btmn 
(17ft9). 

Loitei  (  K^Mm),  the  hero  of  a  GcmaB 
novel  BO  called,  by  Ludwig  Heck  (1778- 
1853).    (See  Lovell.) 

IfOVelace  (2  «y/.),  the  chief  male  cha- 
racter in  Richardson's  novel  of  Clarissa 
Hariowe.  He  is  rich,  proud,  and  crafty; 
handsome,  brave,  and  gav  ;  the  most  jm- 
scrupulous  but  finished  libertine  ;  always 
self-posseBsed,  insinuating,  and  polished 
(1749). 

"  Ii»«dMa  "  b  M  graat  an 
tnm  whUk  It  wm  imva. 


Lovelace  (3  syL),  a  young  ariBtoen*, 
who  angles  with  flattery  for  the  daughter 
of  Mr.  Drugget,  a  ridi  London  trades- 
man. He  fools  the  vulgar  tradesman  to 
the  top  of  his  bent,  and  stands  well  with 
him ;  but,  being  too  confident  of  hie  in- 
fluence, demurs  to  the  suggestion  of  the 
old  man  to  cut  two  fine  yew  trees  at  the 
head  of  the  carriage  drive  into  a  Crog  and 
Magog.  Drugget  is  intensely  angry, 
throws  off  the  young  man,  and  gives  bis 
daughter  to  a  Mr.  Woodley.— A.  if  uiphy. 
Three  Weeks  after  Marriage. 

IfOVelesa  (The  Elder),  suitor  to  "The 
Scornful  Lady     (no  name  given). 

The  Younger  Loveless^  aprodigai.— 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The  JSourufwl 
Ladu  (1616), 

Lovelev  (Edward),  husbaad  of  Amanda. 
He  pavs  undue  attention  to  Barintkia, 
a  handsome  young  widow,  his  wife'i 
cousin  ;  but,  seeing  the  folly  of  his  eeo- 
duct,  he  resolves  in  future  to  devote  him- 
self to  his  wife  with  more  fidelity.— 
Sheridan,  A  Trip  to  Soarbarm^h  (1777). 

IiOVell  (Benjamin),  a  banker,  proud 
of  his  ancestiyi  but  with  a  weakness  for 
gambling. 

Elsie  Lovell,  his  daughter,  !n  love  with 
Victor  Orme  the  poor  gentleman. — 
Wybert  Reeve,  Parted, 

Lovell  (Lord),  Sir  Giles  Overreach 
fully  expected  that  his  lordship  would 
many  his  daughter  Margaret;  but  he 
married  lady  AUworth,  and  assisted  Mar- 
garet in  marrying  Tom  Allworth,  the  man 
of  her  choice.  (See  Lqvbl.) — Massing«r, 
A  New  Wag  to  Pay  Old  D«bts  (1628). 

Iiovelj  Obflonre  (T%e)^  Am'sAia  of 
Gaul.    Same  as  Belten'ebros. 


TIm  grmt  Amldb.  vhM  h»  — urn**  th>  nmvm  of ' 
Lovely  OUrure."  dwelt  aittkor  debt  nan  or  ddit  iboetitW 
I  fbrftt  which,  opon  •  D«k«l  rock,  ddng  iwnanc*  fe 


LOYEMORE. 


67a 


LOVERS,  EXa 


ty  lk» 


Orti'Mi    iThe 


IjOt&moTe  (2  iyl.),  a  nuui  fond  of 

S'ety  and  ptoasora,  who  sincerely  lores 
vifs  ^  bot,  ilHdiiig  his  home  dull,  and 
that  Us  wife  makes  no  effort  to  relieve 
its  nwpotuBy,  seeks  pleasure  ahi^oad^  and 
treats  his  w^  witik  cold  etrility  and 
fsraiai  petttenen.  He  is  driren  to  in- 
triguer  M,  being  bnmght  to  see  its  folly, 
aeknowiedgeB  his  faults,  and  his  wif^  le- 
idres  ""to  try  to  keep  him  **  by  makii^ 
kis  home  more  Ihrely  and  agreeable. 

Mrs.  Looemore  (2  «/.),  wife  of  Mr. 
Loveoiore,  who  finds  if  *<  she  would  keep 
ber  husband*"  to  hereetf,  it  is  not  enot^ 
to  **  be  a  prudent  manager,  careless  of  her 
own  comforts,  not  much  given  to  plea- 
in« ;  gtare,  retired,  and  domestic :  to 
govern  her  household,  pay  the  trades- 
men's  bills,  and  love  her  husband :  **  but 
to  these  must  be  added  some  effort  to 
plesM  and  amuse  him,  and  to  make  bis 
home  bri^t  and  agreeable  to  him.—A. 
Murphy,  The  Way  to  Keep  Him  (17C0). 

iMV^an  (Romantic),  The  favovritee 
of  distinguiahed  men: 

Aristotle  and  Hepyllis. 

Boccaccio  and  ^mnietta  [Maria 
dsogfater  of  Robert  of  Naples]. 

BvKNS  and  Highland  Mary  [ettber 
MmTf  CampbeU  or  Mary  Rdbinatm], 

Btron  and  Teresa  [Guicciolil. 

Catullus  and  the  lady  Clodia  called 
•Le^Wa." 

CHARLtt  n.  of  £nglan<^  and  Bartwra 
fUfien  [duchess  of  Cleveland] ;  Louise 
Bcn^  de  Kerouaille  [duchess  of  Ports- 
Bouth] ;  and  Nell  Gwynne. 

CMA1U.B8  YII.  of  Fmooe  and  Agne* 
SoreL 

CiD  {The)  and  the  fair  XimSna,  aftei^ 
waids  his  wife. 

DAwrft  aiid  Beatrice  [Porthiscri J. 

Epictnius  and  Leontram. 

Frax^ois  \.  and  la  duehesse  d*Etampes^ 
[MdHe,  dIMUy], 

Gbobok  L  and  the  duchess  of  Kendal 
[Eranqard  Melrose  de  Schuiemberg]. 

Oborob  n.  and  Mary  Howard  duchess 
of  Suffolk. 

Gborgk  ni.  and  the  fair  Quakeress 
[HoMoh  L^Mfoot^, 

Groroe  TV.  and  Mre.  Mary  Darby 
Subinson  called  "Perdlta'*  (1768-1800) ; 
Mn.  Fitzherbert,  to  whom  he  was  pri- 
vately married  in  1785 ;  and  the  countess 

GpwTHK  and  the  fiau  voo  Stein. 
Harixgton,   the   poet,    a»d   Castin 


[Lwy  Herbert^  daughter  of  lord  Powift], 
afterwards  his  wife. 

Hajslitt  and  Sarah  Walker. 

Henri  H.  and  Diane  de  Poitiers. 

BnifRi  TV.  and  La  Belle  Gabrielle 
[d'F^tnfes]. 

Henry  II.  and  the  fair  RosadHMd 
[Jane  Clifford], 

Horace  and  Lesbla. 

JoHNsoir  {Dr,)  and  Mrs.  Thrale. 

LAMARTiNRand  Elvire  the  Creole  giA. 

Louis  XIV.  and  Mdlle.  de  la  Valfifere ; 
Mde.  de  Montespaa ;  Mdlle.  de  Fontage. 

LovKLACB  and  the  divine  Alth€a,  also 
called  Lucasta  [Lucy  Sacheverell], 

MiRAREAU  and  Mde.  Nehra. 

Nelson  and  lady  Hamilton. 

Pericles  and  Aspasia. 

Petrarch  and  Laura  [wife  of  ffugues 
de  Sadel, 

Plato  and  Archianassa. 

Prior  and  Chloe  or  Cloe  the  oobUer'a 
wife  of  Linden  Grove. 

Raphael,  and  La  Foraarina  the  ba- 
ker's daughter. 

Rousseau  and  Julie  [la  comtesse 
d'JIoudctof]. 

ScARRON  and  Mde.  Maintenon,  after- 
wards his  wife. 

Sidney  and  Stelhi  [Penelope Devereuxl, 

Spenser  and  Rosalind  [Rose  Lynde^ 
of  Kent]. 

Sterne  (in  his  old  age)  and  Eliza  [Mrt^ 
Draper"]^ 

Stesechoros  and  HimSra. 

Surrey  {Henry  Howard,  earl  of)  ancf 
Genildine,  who  married  Uie  earl  of  Lin- 
coln.   (See  Geraldinb.) 

Swift  and  (1)  Stella  [Hester  Johnaonl'^ 
(2)  Vanessa  [Esther  Vanhomrigh^, 

Tasso  and  Leonora  or  Eleanora 
[d^Estej. 

Theocritos  and  Myrto. 

Wallebssm}  Sachanssa  [lady  Dorothea 
Sidney'], 

William  IV.  as  duke  tA  Caareoctf 
and  Mrs.  Jordan  [Dora  Bland l* 

Wolsby  and  Mistress  Winter. 

Wyat  and  Anna  [Anne  Boteyn\f  pnrelj 
plalonic. 

Iioveini  Stmok  bv  Xji^tnixigf^ 

John  Hewit  and  Sarah  Drew  of  Stanton 
Harcoart,  near  Oxford  (July  31,  1718). 
Gay  ^ves  a  full  description  of  die  inci- 
dent m  one  of  his  letters.  On  the  morn- 
ing that  they  obtained  the  consent  of 
their  parents  to  the  match,  they  went 
together  into  a  field  to  gather  wild 
flowers,  when  a  thunderstorm  overtook 
them  and  both  were  kiUed*  Pope  wrote 
their  epitaph. 


LOVERS'  LEAP. 


574 


LUBAB. 


*0*  Probably  Thomson  had  this  in- 
cident in  view  lu  his  tale  of  Celadon  and 
Amelia. — See  Seasons  (**Sammer/*  1727). 

IiOVers'  IfOap.  The  leap  from  the 
Lenca'dian  promontoiy  into  the  sea.  This 
DTomontoiy^  is  in  the  island  of  Lencas  or 
Leucadia,  in  the  Ionian  Sea.  Sappho 
threw  herself  therefrom  when  she  foand 
her  love  for  Phaon  was  not  requited. 

A  precipice  on  th«  Guadalhorce  (4  syl.), 
from  which  Manuel  and  Laila  cast  them- 
selves,  is  also  called  "  The  Lovers*  Leap.** 
(See  Laila.) 

Iiovers'  VowB.  altered  from  Kotze- 
bne's  drama  b}r  Mrs.  Inchbald  (1800). 
Baron  Wildenhaim,  in  his  youth,  seduced 
Agatha  Friburg,  and  then  forsook  her. 
She  had  a  son  Frederick,  who  in  due 
time  became  a  soldier.  While  on  fur- 
lough, he  came  to  spend  his  time  vrith 
his  mother,  and  found  her  reduced  to 
abject  poverty  and  almost  starved  to 
death.  A  [>oor  cottager  took  her  in, 
while  Frederick,  who  nad  no  money, 
went  to  beg  charity.  Count  Wildenhaim 
was  out  with  his  gun,  and  Frederick 
asked  alms  of  him.  The  count  gave  him 
a  shilling;  Frederick  demanded  more, 
and,  being  refused,  seized  the  baron  by 
the  throat.  The  keepers  soon  came  up, 
collared  him,  and  put  him^  in  the  castle 
dungeon.  Here  he  was  visited  by  the 
chaplain,  and  it  came  out  that  the  count 
was  his  father.  The  chaplain  being  ap- 
pealed to,  told  the  count  the  only  repara- 
tion he  could  make  would  be  to  marry 
Agatha  and  acknowledge  the  young  soldier 
to  be  his  son.  This  wlvice  he  followed, 
and  Agatha  Friburg.  the  be^nr,  became 
the  baroness  Wildenhaim  of  Wildenhaim 
Castle. 

IjOTe'nile  (Sir  John),  a  very  pleasant 
gentleman,  but  wholly  incapable  of  ruling 
his  wife,  who  led  him  a  miserable  dance. 

Lady  Loverule,  a  violent  termagant, 
who  beat  her  servants,  scolded  her  hus- 
band, and  kept  her  house  in  constant  hot 
water,  but  was  reformed  by  Zakel  Jobson 
the  cobbler.  (See  Drvil  to  Pay.)— C. 
Coffey,  The  DevU  to  Pay  (died  1746). 

XiOVe'welL  the  husband  of  Fanny 
Sterling,  to  whom  he  has  been  clandes- 
tinely married  for  four  months. — Colman 
and  Grarrick,  2Tie  Clandestine  Marriage 
(1766). 

IiOviziAp-Iiaxid,  a  place  where  Neptune 
held  his  **  nymphidl "  or  feast  given  to 
the  sea-nymi^s. 


rjr«l  Mi  Tritons  «adeprodal0i.  •  nrmplMll  to  b* 
In  hoaoar  of  hfaiifelf  In  Lorlng-bind.  vhora  b« 
Tbe  inoft  atkettd  njrnphf  appolniad  had  to  ba. 

Dnvtoo.  ^•(rolMM.  zz.  OtniL 

Ijovinflki  (Baron),  the  friend  of 
prince  Lnpauski,  imder  whose  charge  tbe 
princess  Lodois'ka  (4  syl.)  is  placed  during 
a  war  between  the  Poles  and  tlie  Tartaim. 
Lovinski  betrays  his  trust  by  kee|nng 
the  princess  a  virtual  prisoner  beauue 
she  will  not  accept  him  as  a  lover.  Th9 
coimt  Floreski  makes  his  way  into  the 
castle,  and  the  baron  seeks  to  poison  him, 
but  at  this  crisis  the  Tartars  invade  tibe 
castle,  the  baron  is  slain,  and  Floreski 
marries  the  princess. — J.  P.  Kemble, 
Lodoisha  (a  melodrame). 

Iiow-Heels    and    High-Heels, 

two  factions  in  UUiput.  The  Hiffh-heels 
were  opposed  to  the  emperor,  who  wors 
low  heels  and  employed  Low4ieela  in 
his  cabinet.  Of  course  the  Low-heels 
are  the  whigs  and  low-church  party,  and 
the  High-heels  the  toriesandhigh-^urch 
part^.  (See  Bio-kndians.)  —  Swift, 
Gulliver's  Travels  ("Voyage  to  UUipot,'^ 
1727). 

IiOWestofib  {Reginald),  a  yomig 
TempUr.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Forhines  of 
Nigel  (time,  James  I.). 

IjO'wther  (Jack),  a  smuggler. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Redgauntlet  (time,  Geoivn 
IlL). 

IiOyal  Subject  (The),  Arcfaas 
general  of  the  Muscovites,  and  the  father 
of  colonel  Theodore.  —  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  The  Loyal  Subject  (1618). 

Iioyale  "Bpee  (La),  <*the  honest 
soldier,*'  marshal  de  MacMabon  (1808, 
president  of  France  from  1878  to  1879, 
died         ). 

Iioys  de  Dreux,  a  young  Breton 
nobleman,  who  joined  the  Druses^  aad 
was  appointed  their  prefect. 

Loya  (fl  lyC)  the  bof  itood  on  the  laiUng 
OonmkiMNM  In  hb  gHjr  aUlra. 
Bobert Browning,  Tkm  ttttwn^thm 


Iiuath  (2  syL),  Cuthullin*s  **  swift- 
footed  hound.*' — Ossian,  Fmgal,  iL 

Fingal  had  a  dog  called  "  LoaUi "  and 
another  called  "  Bran.** 

In  Kobert  Bums's  poem,  called  The  TSea 
Dogs,  the  poor  man's  dog  which  repre- 
sents the  peasantry  is  culed  "  Luatk," 
and  the  gentleman's  dog  is  *'  Ciesar.*' 

Iiubar.  a  river  of  Ulster,  which  flows 
between  the  two  motmtaina  Cromleacfa 
and  Crommal.— Ossian. 


LUBBER-LAND. 


676 


LUCINDA, 


Lnbber-Iiaiid  or  Cockagne  (2  syi.), 
London. 


Ib  llMnaM  ndkoions 
of  daKTlptianaatlM^i^w^toOMa^iMor  the 
' .  or  the  poiMlu- Mbm  of  "  Labbv-tand'* 


Lucan  (Sb-),  aometimes  called  ''sir 
Lucas,**  Imtlcr  of  king  Arthur,  and  a 
knigbt  of  the  Round  Table.— Sir  T. 
Malonr,  Butonf  of  Prmce  Arthur  ("  Lu- 
can," li.  160 ;  "  Lucas,"  u,  78 ;  1470). 

Iiacasta,  whom  Richard  Lovelace 
celebrates,  was  Lucy  Sacheverell.  {Lucy- 
auta  or  Lux  casta,  "  chaste  light.**) 

Lacenti<x  son  of  Yicentio  of  Pisa. 
He  marries  Bianca  sister  of  Katharina 
**tiie  Shrew**  of  Padua. — Shakespeare, 
Taming  of  the  Shrew  (1504). 

Lnoetta,  waiting-woman  of  Julia  the 
lady-love  of  Prothens  (one  of  the  heroes 
of  the  |day).— Shakespeare,  Tht  Two 
GaUUmem  of  Verona  (1694). 

Ln'cia»  daughter  of  Lucius  (one  of 
tbefrioMls  of  (mo  at  UtTca,  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  mimic  senate).  Lucia  was 
lorcd  by  both  the  sons  of  Cato,  but  she 
j'lefeiied  the  more  temperate  Porcius  to 
the  rdiement  Marcus.  Marcus  being  slain, 
left  the  field  open  to  the  elder  brother. — 
Addison,  Caio  (1718). 

Lt^dOj  in  2^  Cheats  of  Scapmj  Otway*s 
Tenion  of  Les  Fourbenes  de  Soapinj  by 
Holiere.  Lucia,  in  Moli^*s  comedy,  is 
called  "  Zerbinette ;  **  her  father  Thrifty 
b  called  *<  Aigante ;  **  her  brother  Octa- 
viaa  is  "Octare;**  and  her  sweetheart 
Leaader  son  of  Gripe  is  called  by 
Moli^  «<  L^mdie  son  of  (S^ronte  **  (2 
•WO. 

Lnda  (St.),  Sb-wik  on  St.  Lucia's 
thorn,  on  the  rack,  in  torment,  much 
perplexed  and  annc^-ed.  St.  Luda  was 
a  TUffin  martyr,  put  to  death  at  Syracuse 
in  804.  Her  fete-6ny  is  December  13. 
The  "  thorn  **  referred  to  is  in  reality  the 
point  of  a  sword,  shown  in  all  paintings 
of  the  somt,  protrading  through  the  neok. 

ff  I4m^ nenil ...  I  AaD  be rtnidt  npon  St  Loda'g 
Dm  QHtMoU,  U.  L  S  (II 


Luoia  di  Tiaimnermoor,  called 
by  sir  W.  Seott  "  Lucy  Ashton,"  sister  of 
lord  Henry  Ashton  of  Lammermoor.  In 
onler  to  retrieve  the  broken  fortune  ot 
the  funily,  lord  Henry  arruiffed  a  mar- 
riage between  his  sister  and  lord  Artiiur 
Bocklaw,  alias  Frank  Hayston  laird  of 
BockUw.  Unknown  to  the  brother, 
Edgardo  (Edgar)  master  of  Ravenswood 
(whose  family  had  long  had  a  feud  with 


the  Lammermoors)  was  betrothed  to 
Lucy.  While  Edgardo  was  absent  in 
France,  Lucia  (Lucy)  is  made  to  believe 
that  he  is  unfaithful  to  her,  and  in  her 
temper  she  consents  to  manpr  the  laird  of 
Bncklaw,  but  on  the  weddmg  night  she 
stabs  him,  goes  mad,  and  dies. — Donizetti, 
Lucia  di  Lammermoor  (an  opera,  1836) ; 
sir  W.  Scott,  The  Bride  of  Lammermoor 
(time,  William  IIL). 

IiUda'na,  sister  of  Adrian'a.  She 
nuurries  Antipholus  of  Syracuse.— Shake- 
speare, Cunwdy  of  Errors  (1693). 

IiU'oida,  the  lady-love  of  sir  Ferra- 
mont. — Spenser,  Fairy  Queen,  iv.  6 
(1596). 

Lucifer  is  described  by  Dantd  as  a 
hiu^e  fnant,  with  three  faces:  one  red, 
indicative  of  anger ;  one  yellow,  indicative 
of  envy ;  and  one  black,  indicative  of 
melandioly.  Between  his  shoulders,  the 
poet  says,  there  shot  forth  two  enormous 
wings,  without  plumage,  **  in  texture 
like  a  bat's.**  With  these  "he  flapped 
i'  the  air,**  and  "Cocy'tus  to  its  depth 
was  frozen.**  "At  six  eyes  he  wej^*' 
and  at  every  mouth  he  champed  a  sinner. 
— Dantfi,  Hell,  xxxiv.  (1801). 

IiUCif^ra  (Pride),  daughter  of  Pluto 
and  Proser'plna.  Her  usher  was  Vanity. 
Her  chariot  was  drawn  by  six  different 
beasts,  on  each  of  which  was  seated 
one  of  the  queen's  counsellors.  The 
foremost  beast  was  an  ass,  ridden  by 
Idleness  who  resembled  a  monk ;  paired 
with  the  ass  was  a  swine,  on  which  rode 
Gluttony  clad  in  vine  leaves.  Next 
came  a  goat,  ridden  by  Lechery  arraycMl 
in  green  ;  paired  with  the  goat  was  a 
camel,  on  which  rode  Avarice  in  thr^id- 
bare  coat  and  cobbled  shoes.  The  next 
beast  was  a  wolf,  bestrid  by  Envy 
arrayed  in  a  kirtle  full  of  eyes ;  and 
paired  with  the  wolf  was  a  lion,  bestrid 
by  Wrath  in  a  robe  all  blood-stained. 
Tlie  coachman  of  the  team  was  Satan. 

Lol  nndenieatfa  her  leoniAd  fnt  was  lain 
A  dreadftil  dnfon.  with  a  hhhoaa  tfaln ; 
And  in  her  hand  Am  bdd  a  mirror  bright. 
WlMTDln  bar  Ibea  die  oftan  vlawSd  ikln. 

r.  A*y  QuMW.  L  4(UB0). 


IiUCinda,  the  daughter  of  opulent 
parents,  engaged  in  marriage  to  Car- 
denio,  a  young  gentleman  of  similar  rank 
and  equal  opulence.  Lucinda  was,  how- 
ever, promised  by  her  father  in  marriage 
to  don  Fernando,  youngest  son  of  the 
duke  Ricardo.  When  the  wedding  day 
arrived,  the  ]^oung  lady  fell  into  a  swoon, 
and  a  letter  informed  don  Fernando  that 


LUaNDA. 


576 


LUCIUS  TIBERIUS. 


tihe  bride  wm  married  already  to  Car- 
denio.  Next  day,  she  left  the  home 
privately,  and  took  refuge  in  a  conrent, 
whence  'soe  was  forcibly  abducted  by  don 
Fermmdo.  Stopping  at  an  inn,  the  party 
found  there  Dorottrea  the  wife  of  don 
Fernando,  and  Cardenio  Uie  husband  of 
Lncinda,  and  all  things  arranged  them- 
selves  satislbctorily  to  the  parties  con- 
cerned.— Cervantes,  Ikm  Qmxoie^  I.  iv. 
(1606). 

fAKtu^da,  fbe  bosom  friend  of  Rosetta ; 
merry,  coquettidi,  and  (it  for  any  fun. 
She  IS  the  daughter  of  justice  Woodcock, 
and  falls  in  love  with  Jack  Eustace, 
against  her  father*B  desire.  Jack,  who  is 
unknown  to  the  justice,  introduces  him- 
self into  the  house  as  a  music-master; 
and  sir  William  Meadows  induces  the 
old  man  to  consent  to  the  marriage  of 
the  voung  people. — I.  Bickerstaff,  Looe 

Lucmdoy  referred  to  by  the  poet  Thom- 
son in  his  S^ing,  was  Lucy  Fortescue, 
daughter  of  Hugh  Fortescue  of  Devon- 
shire, and  wife  of  lord  George  Lyttelton. 

O  Ljrttelloa  .  ^  . 

Ooortlns  tte  Mtne.  dm'  It^tf^  Parte  Akmi  ftn^ . . . 


Pertiaia  Uqr  loved  LadMU 
WHk  mil  to  thiM  attniMd. 
The 


( 


irm), 

Iiucdndd  (2  8yi,)t  daughter  of  Sgana- 
relle.  As  she  has  lost  her  spirit  and 
appetite  her  fiither  sends  for  foot  physi- 
crans,  who  all  diff^  as  to  the  nature  of 
tlie  malady  and  the  remedy  to  be  applied. 
Usette  (h^  waiting-woman)  sends  in  the 
mean  time  for  Clitandre,  the  lover  of 
Lncinde,  who  comes  under  the  guise  of  a 
mock  doctor.  He  tells  Sganarelle  the 
disease  of  the  young  lady  must  be  reached 
through  the  hnagination,  and  prescribes 
the  semblanoe  m  a  marriage.  As  his 
assistant  Is  in  reality  a  notary,  the  mock 
marriage  turns  oat  to  be  a  real  one. — 
llolt^  L'AmbHt  MSfycin  (1666). 

Lucmde  (2  jjy/.),  daughter  of  (x^ronte 
2  syL).  Her  father  wanted  her  to  marrv 
~oracef  but  as  she  was  in  love  with 
L^andro,  she  pretended  to  have  lost 
the  power  of  articulate  speech,  to  avoid  a 
marriage  which  she  abhorred.  Sgana- 
relle, the  fs^^t-maker,  was  introduced 
as  a  famous  dumb  doctor,  and  soon  saw 
the  state  of  afUrs :  so  he  took  with  him 
L(%ndre  as  an  apothecary,  and  the  young 
lady  received  a  perfect  cure  from  **  pills 
Diatrimoniac."  —  Molibre,  Le  Mulecm 
Malgr€lMi  (1666). 

Zitt'eiO»  a   fantastic,  not  absolutely 


^ 


bad,  but  vidoos  and  dissolate.  He  la 
unstable,  "  like  a  wave  of  the  sea,  drfvcn 
by  the  wind  and  tossed***  and  haa*  no 
restraining  principle. — l^iakespeafe,  Jfeo- 
narefor  Measure  (1603). 

IiUcip'pe  (d  «y/.),  a  woman  attached 
to  the  smte  of  the  priiicess  Calis  (sister  of 
Astorax  king  of  Pa|Aos). — Beaumont 
and  Fletdier,  The  Mad  Lover  (1618). 

IiU'dus,  son  of  Collins ;  a  mjrtliical 
king  of  Britafai.  Geoffrey  says  ba  aent  a 
letter  to  pope  Eleuthcrius  (177-198)  de- 
siring to  be  instructed  in  the  Qmatian 
religion,  whereupon  the  pope  sent  over  * 
Dr.  Faganus  and  Dr.  Duvanus  for  the 
purpose.  Lucius  was  iMAtized,  and 
"people  from  all  countries  with  him. 
The  pa^^  temples  in  Britain  were  con- 
verted into  churches,  the  aichflamena  into 
archbishops,  and  the  flamens  into  bi^iopa. 
So  there  were  twenty-dght  bishops  and 
three  archbishops; — BriUeh  Historg^  br* 
19  (1470). 

He  oai  §Mwttaf  Mrfa  wlio  tamed  to  bUiaf^  •eas, 
dreat  Locfan.  that  fwd  kiM  to  whom  we  cakay  ow 
Thii  hayptiw  wamnre— Chriit  aucMtal  to  know. 
Draytoii.  PolpttUmi,  tOi  (ISU). 

Nennins  says  that  king  Lncins  was 
baptiied  in  167  by  Evaristus;  but  thia  is 
a  blunder,  as  Evaristus  tired  a  oeatuy 
before  the  date  mentionad. 

The  archflamens  were  those  of  London, 
ToriL,  and  Newport  (the  City  of  L^ona 
or  Caerleon-on-Usk). 

Drajrton  calls  the  two  legates  **  Fdgatiiis 
and  St  Damian.'* 


I  fBodtr  Bomans  .  .  .  vho  . 
won  Mod  MBg  Lodtai  SrK  to 


Ftt^tioK  and  his  mood  8t  Damlai^ .  . . 
•  .  •  haw  cfeatr  MttsmbtaiMa  hara. 

DiajrtoB.  rtpolki»n,  ndv.  (UBi^ 

After  baptism,  St.  liicius  abdicated^ 
and  became  a  missionary  in  Switceriandf 
where  he  died  a  mitrtyr*s  death. 

Lucias  (Otit»),  ^eral  of  the  Itomui 
forces  in  Britain  m  the  reign  of  king 
Cymlieline  (3  «y/.). — Shakespeare,  Cym^ 
beiisU!  (1605). 

Iiuoius  Tiberius,  general  ot  the 
Roman  army,  who  wrote  to  king  Arthur, 
commandii»  him  to  appear  at  Rome  to 
make  satisntction  for  the  conquests  he 
had  made,  and  to  '^ceive  such  punish- 
ment as  the  seiwte  might  think  proper  to 
pass  on  him.  This  biter  induced  Arthur 
to  declare  war  wita  Rome.  So,  com- 
mitting the  caie  of  government  to  his 
nephew  Modred,  he  luurched  to  Lyonaise 
(in  Gaul),  where  he  won  a  complet- 
victory,  and  left  Lucius  dead  on  the  neld. 


LUCRETJA, 


677 


I-UCY. 


9«  now  started  for  Rome:  but  being  told 
tlut  Modred  had  usurped  the  crown,  he 
h$stens4  back  to  BrHaio,  and  foa^t  the 
great  battle  of  the  West,  where  he  re- 
ceived his  death-wovnd  from  Ae  hand  of 
Modred.— -GeolPrey,  British  Uistont,  ix. 

\H»i  ^  inn). 

OMt  Artlrar  dM  adr^aot 
To  ■Bpl.irj^  hia^as.  tt^t^bniit  Ion*  \n  Vnan 

Prafta^  FolffoMem,  It.  (UUli. 

Luflape^tUL,  daogfater  oi  Span  us  Ln- 
cretius  preted  of  Rome,  and  wife  of 
Tao^iBUiis  Collati'nns.  She  was  dis- 
konoored  by  Sextus,  tbe  son  of   Tar- 

n*  ins  9nperhus.  Having  avowed  her 
oDour  in  the  presence  of  her  father. 
Iter  husband,  Junius  Brutus,  and  some 
othen,  she  stabbed  herself. 

This  subject  has  been  dramatized  in 
^mch  by  Ant.  Vincent  Arnault,  in  a 
tragedy  called  Lvcreoe  (1792) ;  and  by 
Fnn^  Ponaard  in  1848.  In  EngliMh^ 
W  liiomas  Heywood,  in  a  tragedy  en- 
tided  Thg  Rape  of  Lucrece  (1630) ;  by 
Kathamel  Lee,  entatied  Lucius  Junius 
Bnbu  (aeveateenth  century) ;  and  by 
Mn  H.  Fk^me,  entitled  Brutus  or  Ths 
m  9f  Tarqmn  (1820).  Shakespeare 
Rlected  Hie  sane  subject  for  his  poem 
entiUed  Tks  Bape  of  Luortos  (1594). 

Lucrezia  di  Borgia,  daughter  of 
pope  Alexander  YI.  She  was  thrice 
mtmed,  her  last  husband  being  Alfonso 
doke  of  Ferra'ca.  Before  this  marriage, 
a)»e  had  a  natural  son  named  Genna'ro, 
who  was  brought  up  by  a  Neapolitan 
fisbennan.  Wncn  iprown  to  manhood, 
(lennarol^  a  commission  given  him  in 
tiie  annv,  and  in  the  battle  of  Rim'ini  he 
mtW  toe  life  of  Orsini.  In  Venice  he 
declain^ed  freely  against  the  vices  of 
Locrezia  di  Boi^ia,  and  on  one  ocea- 
■ioD  he  mutilated  the  escutcheon  of  the 
doke  by  knocking  off  the  B,  thus  con- 
verting' Boi^a  into  Orgia.  Lucrezia 
insisted  that  the  perpetrator  of  this  insult 
ahoald  suffer  death  by  poison  ;  but  when 
Ae  diapoveiwl  that  the  offender  was  her 
ova  Mm,  die  gave  him  an  antidote,  and 
nlcaaed  him  viom  jail.  Scarcely,  how- 
CVH-,  was  he  liberated,  than  he  was 
poboned  at  a  banquet  given  by  the 
princess  Neg'roni.  Lucrezia  now  told 
Gcnnaro  that  he  was  her  5>wn  son,  and 
^ed  as  her  son  expired.  —  Donizetti, 
bicmia  di  Borgia  (an  opera,  18B4). 

***  Victor  Hugo  has  a  drama  entitled 
buSi^  Borgia, 

LuculluSy  a  wealthy  Roman,  noted 
lot  hU  banquets  and  self-indulgence.  On 


one  occasion,  when  a  superb  supper  had 
been  prepared,  being  asked  who  were  to 
be  his  guests,  he  replied,  "  Lucnllus  will 
sup  to-night  with  Lueullus"  (b.c. 
110-57), 

Me'ar  Fakrnlaa  fhttm  a  ridier 
Light  spoil  LacnBut^  tablta. 

LongMlov.  i)r(NMflV«Mf; 

Iiuo'ilino,  a  satrap,  diieftaia,  or 
khedive  among  the  ancient  Etruscans. 
The  over-king  was  called  lars.  Servius 
the  grammarian  says :  **  Lticdmo  rex 
sonat  ]ingu4  Etniscit ; "  but  it  was  such  a 
king  as  mat  of  Bavaria  in  the  empire  of 
(Termaoy,  where  the  king  of  Prussia  is 
the/oTi. 

Ani  litbilr  and  man  BWnlf 

Vvw  nlgbt  Uie  tmrgbcn  knom, 
B!f  port  and  rat,  hj  hone  and  eral, 
Eiflta  trariUw  hKuma 

ItonI  Macaular.  X«M  «r  J««fM«  JtHlt 
C'HonUliiir  xxUL.  1813). 

Iiuey,  a  dowerless  girl  betrothed  to 
Amidas.  Bein^  forsaken  by  him  for 
the  wealthy  Philtra,  she  threw  herself 
into  the  sea,  but  was  saved  by  clinging  to 
a  chest.  Both  being  drifted  ashore,  it 
was  found  that  the  <£est  contained  ^reat 
treasures,  which  Lucy  gave  to  Bracidas, 
the  brother  (^  Amidas,  who  married  her. 
In  this  marriage,  Bracidas  found  "two 
goodly  portions,  and  the  better  she." — 
Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  v.  4  (1596). 

Lucy,  daughter  of  Mr.  Richard 
Wealthy,  a  rich  London  merchant.  Her 
father  wanted  her  to  marry  a  wealUiy 
tradesman,  and  as  she  refused  to  do  so, 
he  turned  her  out  of  doors.  Being  intro- 
duced as  a  flie  de  joie  to  sir  George 
Wealthy  "  tiie  minor,  he  soon  perceived 
her  to  be  a  modest  girl  who  had  been 
entrapped,  and  he  proposed  marriage. 
When  the  facts  of  the  case  were  known, 
Mr.  Wealthy  and  the  sir  William  (the 
father  of  the  young  man)  were  delighted 
at  the  happv  termination  of  what  might 
have  proved  a  most  untoward  affair. — 
S.  Foote,  The  Minor  (1760). 

lAicy  [Goodwill],  a  girl  of  16, 
and  a  child  of  nature,  reared  by  her 
father  who  was  a  widower.  "She  has 
seen  nothing,'*  he  says;  "she  knows 
nothing,  and,  therefore,  has  no  will  of 
her  own."  Old  Goodwill  wislied  her  to 
marry  one  of  her  relations,  that  his  money 
might  be  kept  in  the  family ;  but  Lucy 
had  "  will"  enough  of  her  own  to  see 
that  her  relations  were  boobies,  and 
selected  for  her  husband  a  big,  burly 
footman  named  Thomas. — Fielding,  'The 
Virgin  Unmasked, 

Lucy  [Lockit],  daughter  of  Tx>ckit  the 

2  V 


LUCY  AND  COLIN. 


678 


LUKE. 


jailer.  A  foolish  youne  woman,  who, 
decoyed  by  captain  Macheath  under  the 
specioaR  promise  of  marriage,  effected  his 
escape  from  jaih  The  captain,  however, 
was  recaptured,  and  condemned  to  death ; 
but  being  reprieved,  confessed  himself 
married  to  Polly  Peachum,  and  Lucy 
was  left  to  seek  another  mate. 

How  tMTIV  eoold  I  bn  wltb  dth«r  ( tMtr  c^  iVI^l 
W«ra  t  iHbcr  dew  thwnntr  awmy  i 

J.  Giqr.  The  Beofor't  Operm,  IL  t  (1717). 

Miss  Fenton  (duchess  of  Bolton)  was 
the  original  "Lucy  Lockit"  (1708-17G0). 

Iiuoy  and  Colin.  Colin  was  be- 
trothed to  Lucy,  but  forsook  her  for  a 
bride  "thrice  as  rich  as  she."  Lucy 
drooped,  but  was  present  at  the  wedding ; 
and  when  Colin  saw  her,  "  the  damps  of 
death  bedewed  his  brow,  and  he  died." 
Both  were  buried  in  one  tomb,  and  many 
a  hind  and  plighted  maid  resorted  thither, 
"  to  deck  it  with  garlands  and  true-love 
knots."— T.  TickcU,  Lucy  and  Colin. 

*^*  Vincent  Bourne  has  translated 
this  ballad  into  Latin  verse. 

Through  an  TklcelTi  vorka  there  is  a  •tmin  of  ballMl- 
thhtklng.  ...  In  tbh  ballad  | /.wey  atM<  r«/lii  J  he  wems 
to  hare  wrpaased  himaeir.  It  U.  }«rhapt.  Ih«f  beat  in  oar 
language.— GokUmltb,  Btautie*  ofKnglith  P<Mrg  (1767). 

IiUoyPius  (B.G.  148-103),  the  father 
of  Roman  satire. 

1  have  premmed.  mjr  lord  for  to  prawnt 

with  thU  poore  GhMce.  which  is  of  tnutte  Steele  ivMf\ 

And  came  to  me  by  wll  and  totament 

Of  one  that  was  a  Giaaroaker  \mulrlu\  JndeiU  I 

LtM^ttas  this  worthy  man  was  namde. 

a  Oasoolgne,  Th«  8t9tU  Otma  (died  1877). 

IiUd,  son  of  Hcli,  who  succeeded  his 
father  as  king  of  Britain.  "  Lud  rebuilt 
the  walls  of  Trinovantum,  and  surrounded 
the  city  with  innumerable  towers  .  .  . 
for  which  reason  it  was  called  Kacr-lud, 
Anglicized  into  Lud- ton,  and  softened 
into  London.  .  •  .  When  dead,  his  body 
was  buried  by  the  gate  .  .  .  Parth- 
lud,    called    in    Saxon    Lndes-gate." — 


?fi 


Geoffrey,  Bntish  History,  iii.  20  (1142). 

.  .  .  that  mli^ity  Lud.  In  wboee  eternal  name 
Qnat  London  still  Bball  live  (by  bim  reUilMed). 

Drayton.  Polgolbioti,  TilLdSlS). 

(«« Parth-lud,"  in  Latin  Forta-Lvd,) 

Lud  (Qeneral),  the  leader  of  distressed 
and  riotous  artisans  in  the  manufacturing 
districts  of  England,  who,  in  1811,  en- 
deavoured to  prevent  the  use  of  power- 
looms. 

IiUddites  (2  syl.),  the  riotous  artisans 
who  followed  the  leader  called  general 
Lud. 

Almve  tbhrty  years  before  thb  time,  an  Imbedle  named 
Mod  Lud.  living  in  a  village  in  Leirester^ire,  being 
Ikrnieuled  bgr  mmm  boy*.  .  .  .  punned  one  of  litem  InM 
a  bouse,  and  . .  .  broke  two  stocking-frames.    His  narat 


was  taken  bf  thoM  who  fanka 


Iiud'8  Town,  London,  as  if  a  cor- 
ruption of  Lud-ton.  Similarly,  Ludgate 
b  said  to  be  Lud*s-gate;  and  Ludgate 
prison  is  called  "Lud's  Bulwark.**  Of 
course,  the  etymologies  are  only  suitable 
for  fable. 


KinK  Lud.  repabtag  tfaa  ettr,  caDad  tt  after  Usnai 
"  Lnd's  town  T  tba  atnmf  gata  which  be  boUt  in 
west  part  be  named  "  Lud^gatc."  in  1M>.  Um  ^le  \ 
beauUBed  with  bmwM  of  Lud  and  other  Idn^  ~ 
Imiges.  in  Um  reign  of  Edward  VL.  had  thalr 
smitten  off.  .  .  .  Queen  Mary  did  set  new  heads  upoa 
tbeir  old  bodies  asaln.  The  28Ui  of  qneen  IHabollmk* 
gate  was  newly  beautifled  with  images  of  Lnd  and  iMkmH 
as  iiefore.— Stow,  SMrfWf  i^  Limdtm  (1MM9. 

IfUdov'ioo,  chief  minister  of  Naples. 
He  heads  a  conspiracy  to  murder  the 
king  and  seize  the  crown.  Ludovico  is 
the  craftiest  of  villains,  but,  being  caught 
in  his  own  guile,  he  is  killed. — Shell, 
Evadne  or  The  Statue  (1820). 

Iiudwal  or  Idwal,  son  of  Roderick 
the  Great,  of  North  Wales.  He  refused 
to  pay  Edgar  king  of  England  the  tribute 
which  had  been  levied  ever  since  the 
time  of  JCthelstan.  William  of  Malmes- 
bury  tells  us  that  Edgar  commuted  the 
tribute  for  800  wolves*  heads  yearly ; 
the  wolf-tribute  was  paid  for  three 
years,  and  then  discontinued,  becaiiae 
there  were  no  more  wolves  to  be  found. 

O  Kdgar  I  who  competledrt  our  Ludwal  heut  •  to  pay 
Three  hundred  wolves  a  year  for  tribute  unto  t*)«e. 

Drayton,  rotjflbton,  uu  (16U). 

IirdQra»  Dongla8*s  dog,  "the  fleetest 
hound  in  all  the  North."— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Lady  of  the  Lake  (1810). 

Blen.  Um  while,  wiUi  bursting  b«at 
Remained  In  lordly  bower  apart .  .  . 
While  Lufra.  crouching  at  ber  sida. 
Her  station  claimed  with  Jealous  prtda. 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Ladp  ^f  tk*  LaJf,  vi  S  (ISI% 

JjUggnei^g,  an  island  where  the  in- 
habitants never  die.  Swift  shows  some 
of  the  evils  which  would  result  from 
such  a  destiny,  unless  accompanied  with 
eternal  youth  and  freshness.  —  Swift, 
QvUliver's  TraveU  (1726). 

IiU'g^er,  the  rough,  confident  tutor  of 
Oriana,  etc.,  and  cnic^  engine  whereby 
**the  wild  goose**  Mirabel  is  entrapped 
into  marriage  with  her. — Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  The  Wiid-ijooee  Chase  (1652). 

IiUke,  brother-in-law  of  **tlie  City 
madam."  He  was  raised  from  a  state 
of  indigence  into  enormous  wealth  by 
a  deed  of  gift  of  the  estates  of  his 
brother,  sir  John  Frugal,  a  retired  mer- 
chant. While  dependent  on  his  brother, 
f  Udy  Frugal  ("the  City  lady**)  troUed 
Luke  witn  great  scorn  and  rudeness ;  but 


LUKE. 


679 


LUMPKIN, 


when  she  and  her  daiighter  became  de- 
pendent on  him,  he  cut  down  the  super- 
nmtaes  of  the  fine  lady  to  the  measure  of 
her  original  state — as  dam^hter  of  Good- 
man H  amble,  farmer. — Massinger,  The 
City  Madam  (1689). 

bait  eharactOTiWie  Om  hrpoahkal  "Laka" 

lulls. 


•adtteberoie  "  MantnoL"— W.  Spd 


Luke,  patnarch*B  nnncio,  and  bishop  of 
the  Druses.    He  terms  the  Druses 

.  .  .  the  docOa  crow 
Mjr  beaati  vaat  ta  mka  ■»  bWiop  at 
Kabcrt  Brawnlng.  The  JUtmm  tftk^Druut,  f, 

Luke  (6ir)  or  Sib  Luke  Limp,  a  tnft- 
himter,  a  devotee  to  the  bottle,  and  a 
hanger-on  of  great  men  for  no  oUier 
reason  than  mere  snobbism.  Sir  Luke 
will  "cling  to  sir  John  till  the  baronet 
is  sopeneded  by  my  lord ;  quitting  the 
ponv  peer  for  an  earl,  and  sacrificing  all 
thnt  to  a  duke."--S.  Foote,  TJte  Lame 
Loner, 

Luke's  Bird  (^.),  the  oz«    . 

Lake's  Iron  Crown.  George  and 
Lake  Dosa.  headed  an  unsuccessful  revolt 
Sfpunst  the  Hungarian  nobles  in  the  six- 
teenth century.  Luke  was  put  to  death 
b^  a  red-liot  iron  crown,  in  mockery  of 
kis  having  been  proclaimed  king. 

This  wsM  not  an  unusual  punishment 
for  those  who  sought  regal  honours  in 
the  Middle  Ages.  Thus,  when  Tancred 
nsarped  the  crown  of  Sicily,  kaiser 
Heinrieh  VL  of  Germany  set  him  on  a 
Rd-hot  iron  throne,  and  crowned  him 
with  a  red-hot  iron  crown  (twelfth  een- 
taiy). 

%♦  The  "iron  crown  of  Lombardy" 
nost  not  be  mistaken  for  an  iron  crown 
of  punishment.  The  former  is  one  of 
the  nails  used  in  the  Crucifixion^  beaten 
out  into  a  thin  rim  of  iron,  magnificently 
set  in  gold,  and  adorned  with  jewels. 
Charlemagne  and  Napoleon  I.  were  both 
crowned  with  it. 

Luke's  Summer  (^.),  or  VeM  de 
8.  Maartin^  a  few  weeks  of  fine  summerly 
weather,  which  occur  between  St.  Luke  s 
Day  (October  18)  and  St.  Martinis  Day 
(November  11). 


landiSt  Lake'idMrtvmiBcrllvadUwMi 
Xawtng  Uie  aoal  of  three  acoca  ycnn  and  teu. 
W.  Monik  Tk*  MartMlp  Pmrmdittr  Miwcli*l. 

Lullv  (liaj/mond)^  an  alchemist  who 
searchMT  for  Uie  philosopher's  stone  b^ 
distilUtion,  and  made  some  useful  chemi- 
cal discoveries.  Lnlly  was  also  a  magi- 
osQ  and  a  philosophic  dreamer.  He  is 
cenerally  cauedi>0(^  IHwmnatue  (128^ 


Ha  tdkaof  BajraMWHl  Lallr  and  Um  idiort  of  LIUjr  f?.*.!. 
W.  Congrera.  Lu^for  Lm*^  lU.  (IflW). 

Lumberoonrt  (Lord)y  a  voluptuary, 
greatly  in  debt,  who  consented,  for  a  good 
money  consideration,  to  give  his  daughter 
to  Egerton  McSycophant.  Egerton, 
however,  had  no  ^ncy  for  the  lady,  but 
married  Constantia,  the  girl  of  his  choice. 
His  lordship  was  in  alarm  lest  this  cofi- 
iretempt  should  be  his  ruin ;  but  sir 
Pertinax  told  him  the  bargain  should 
still  remain  good  if  Egerton's  younger 
brother,  Sandy,  were  accepted  by  nis 
lordship  instead.  To  this  his  lordship 
readily  agreed. 

Lady  Bodolpka  Lumberamrt,  daughter 
of  lord  Lumberconrt,  who,  for  a  con- 
sideration, consented  to  marry  Egerton 
McSycophant;  but  as  Egerton  had  no 
fancy  for  the  lady,  she  agreed  to  marry 
Egerton's  brother  Sandy  on  the  same 
terms. 


"  As  1  ha*  Ma  reami  to  bata  tfaa  leaak  afltetion  tm  aqr 
couilti  Eferton,  and  at  my  Intended  marriasp  with  Um 
waa  antindjr  an  act  of  obadlanoa  till  mjr  gnutdmoUaer. 
provided  my  oooein  Sandjr  wUl  ba  an  aareeable  till  her 
tidyBhip  at  oqr  oouin  Charlat  here  wonid  have  been.  I 
bava  nae  tba  leatt  objection  tin  tha  dianga.  Ajr.  ajr,  ana 
brother  is  at  aood  to  Rudulpha  at  anothar."— 0.  Martklln, 
TM4  Man  ^tk«  WvHA,  T.  (1764). 

Iiumbey  (/v.),  a  stout,  bluff-looking 
gentleman,  with  no  shirt-collar,  and  a 
beard  that  had  been  growing  since  yester- 
day morning ;  for  uie  doctor  was  very 
popular,  and  the  neighbourhood  prolific. 
--G.  Dickens,  Nicholas  Nickieby  (1888). 

Iiumley  (Cbptom),  in  the  royal  armr 
under  the  duke  of  Montrose.-— Sir  W. 
Scott,  Old  Mortality  (time,  Charies  11.). 

Lnmon,  a  hill  in  Inis-Huna,  near  the 

residence  of  Sulmalla.    Sulmalla  was  the 

daughter  of  Conmor  (king  of  Inis-Huna) 

and  his  wife  Clun'-galo.— ^sian,  Temora, 

Wbcra  art  thou,  beam  oT  light?  Hnntan  from  tha 
mofajr  rode,  saw  yon  the  bloe-cycd  blrt  Are  hcrstepson 
awmj  LuDMMi,  near  the  bed  of  rota«t  Ah  me  t  I  beheld 
her  bow  in  tba  haU.    Where  art  thoo.  beam  of  llghtt 

Bishop  has  selected  these  words  from 
Temora  for  a  glee  of  four  voices. 

Iiumpkin  (Tony),  the  rough,  good- 
natured  Dooby  son  of  Mrs.  ifardcastle 
by  her  first  husband.  Tony  dearly  loved 
a  practical  joke,  and  was  fond  of  low 
society,  where  he  could  air  his  conceit 
and  self-importance.  He  is  described  as 
**an  awkward  booby,  reared  up  and 
spoiled  at  his  mother's  apron-string"  (act 
i.  2) ;  and  "  if  burning  the  footman's 
shoes,  frighting  r«c]  the  maids,  and  worry- 
ing the  kittens,  be  humprons,"  then  Tony 
was  humorous  to  a  degree  (act  i.  1)«— 


LUN. 


J^ 


LUTHER. 


O.  Goldsmkb,  Bh$   Stoopt  to   Cfmq¥0r 

(1778). 

1  telM  Tow  Lmnrldii  IMt.  m^  nam  iMd  tbe  leMt 
dilkaltir  hi  rnding  tb«  ootaMe  of  Us  letten.  bat  who 
faond  It  VW7  bard  work  to  dadplMrllM  Uulde.— A. K. H. 

Qnkk's  great  parts  mn  "  UuteJ'  "  TMir  Impkbi.'' 
"Spado,"  and  "ilr  ChrMopbcr  0017.*— JTM^rdt  «ff 
rmmram. 


" AcrM^" aad  " taac Utmifitt^-Memolr ^ MnQitUit 

(isnv 

♦»♦  "  Isuc  "  in  7%^  DuentMj  by  aeil- 
dan ;  "  Spado"  in  The  Castle  of  Andalusia, 
by  CKeefe ;  *«  sir  C.  Curry  "in  Inkle  an$ 
YarioOf  by  Colman. 

Iiun.  So  John  Rich  called  faimsell 
when  he  perfonned  **  harlequin.'*  It  vw^as 
John  Rich  irho  introduce4  pantomiqi^ 
<168J-1761). 

Ob  o«a  fida  Fplt74lti.  bf  tnna  adlad  Ri*  ; 
^knd  09  tfaa  other  hli  ardi|MitroD  tan. 


TiUna  (It  coni§  df),  irade  of  Manri'co,. 
He  entertjiins  a  base  passion  for  the  prin^ 
cess  LeonCia,  vfao  is  in  love  with  Man- 
rico  ;  and,  in  order  to  rid  himself  of  his 
rival,  is  about  to  put  him  to  death,  wheo 
Leonora  promises  to  give  herself  to  him  if 
he  will  spare  her  lover.  The  oonnt  con- 
sents ;  but  while  he  goes  to  release  his 
captive,  Leonora  poisons  herself.— Yerdi, 
//  Trovaic^ri  (an  opeia,  1858). 

Iiiindin  (Dr.  Luke),  Hit  chanberiain 
at  Kinross.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  4bboi 
(time,  Elizabeth). 

Lundm  (The  Sev.  fir  Zouts),  town 
deric  of  Pertii.-~Sij  W.  Scott,  Foir  Maid 
of  Perth  (time,  Henry  lY.). 

XiUnsfbrd  (Sir  7fu)ma8)f  governor  of 
the  Tower.  A  mf n  of  soch  vindictive 
temper  that  the  name  was  used  as  a  terror 
Ut  children. 

Made  chOdren  arttb  yoor  toMi  t«  ra«  Cof% 
Aa  bad  m  Bloodjr-bonca  or  Luiwford. 

B.  BuUtf.  ffudtbrru.  UL  %  Hne  1119<li79- 

Ironi  Ftoldloc  and  from  Vavaaour, 

Botb  lU'cSiectcd  mm ; 
nrom  Lunaford  eke  daHver  O^ 

IhatealatbchUdlrmB. 

Iiupaueki  (Prinoe),  lather  of  pria- 
cess  Lo^oislca  (4  «y/.),— J.  P.  Kemble, 
Lodoiska  (a  mdodrame). 

IiU'pin  (Mrs,),  hostess  of  the  Bine 
Dwagon.  A  buxom,  kind-hearted  woman, 
ever  ready  to  help  aiiv  one  over  a  diffi- 
culty.— C.  Dickens,  Martin  Chuzzletcit 
(1844), 

IiU'ria,  a  noble  Moor,  single-minded, 
warm-hearted,  faitbfuL  and  most  gene- 
rous ;  employed  by  tne  Florentines  to 
iqad  their  army  against  the  Pisans 
(fifteenth  century).     Luria  was  entirdy 


soccessf  ul ;  but  the  Florentincss,  to  le^aeil 
their  obli^jration  to  the  conqueror,  huntei} 
up  every  item  of  scandal  they  could  find 
against  him  ;  and,  while  he  was  winninj^ 
tibeir  battles,  he  was  informed  that  he 
was  to  be  brought  to  trial  to  answer  theae 
floating  censures,  Luria  was  so  disgusted 
at  this,  that  he  took  poison,  to  relieve  th# 
#tate  by  his  death  of  a  4ebt  of  gratitude 
which  the  republic  felt  too  heavj  to  h^ 
borne. — Robert  Browning,  Luria. 

J^JX'fliBA,  the  adventures  of  thf  Ln- 
sians  (Poriwjuese),  under  Yasquez  dm 
(iama,  in  thdr  di«cov«y  of  India. 
Bacchus  was  tfao  guardian  power  of  the 
Mohammedans,  and  Yenus  or  Divine 
Love  of  the  Lnsians.  The  iett  first  sailed 
to  Mozambique,  then  to  QuiFoa,  then  to 
Melinda  (in  Africa),  where  the  advea^ 
turers  were  hospitably  lecdTod  and 
Movided  with  a  pilot  to  ooadnet  tfaon  te 
India.  In  the  Indian  Ocean.  Baoefaua 
tried  to  destroy  the  fleet ;  but  fne  "  silver 
star  of  Dix-ine  Love  "  calmed  the  sea,  and 
Gaina  arrived  at  India  in  safety.  Havin^^ 
accomplished  his  object,,  be  returned  to 
Lisbon, — Camoeos,  1^*0  Lmad^  m  tea 
books  h573). 

*^^  Yasquec  da  (Samft  sailed  thrioe  to 
India :  (1)  In  1407,  with  four  vessela* 
Tliis  expedition  lasted  two  years  and  two 
monOis.  (2)  In  1602,  with  twenty  shipa. 
Id  this  expeditioD  he  wm  attacked  by 
2aaiorin  king  of  C^alieut,  whom  he  d^ 
ieafted,  and  returned  to  lisbon  the  year 
following.  (8)  When  John  III.  appointed 
him  viceroy  of  India*  He  eaUblisbod 
his  government  at  0>chin,  where  he  died 
in  1526.  The  stonr  of  7%f  Lutiaa  ia  the 
fint  of  these  expeditiooa. 

Iiuslg^nan  [o^Outrkm^r],  king  of 
Jerusalem,  taken  captive  by  the  Saracens, 
and  confined  in  a  dungeon  for  twenty 
years.  When  80  years  old,  he  was  aei^ 
free  by  Osman  the  sultan  of  the  East, 
but  died  within  a  few  days. — ^A.  Hill, 
Zara  ^adapted  from  Yokaire>  tragiedy}, 

IiUSita'nia^  the  andent  name  of 
Portugal ;  so  called  from  Lusus,  tiie 
companion  of  Bacchus  in  his  travds. 
This  Lusus  colonized  the  country,  and 
called  it  **  Lusitania,'*  and  the  colonists 
**  Lusians." — Pliny,  Mistoria  Naturaiis. 
ui.  1. 

IiUte'tia  (4  fyl.),  ardent  Latin  nane 
of  Paris  (Lutetia  Parisiorumy  "  the  nsnd- 
town  of  the  Parisii "). 

XiU^hffT  (The  Danish),  Hans  Tau8e% 
There  is  a  stone  in  Yiborg  called  **  Ta^r 


LtJtm. 


m 


LYDIl  LAKGUI8H. 


ien8iniiide,**lnththishilKriptioti:  ''Upon 
this  stone,  in  1528,  Hans  Tansen  first 
ptesdied  Latfaer*8  doetriae  in  Yiboig/' 

Iiutin,  the  gipey  fokg^  of  lord  Dal- 
ffamc— Sir  W.  Scott,  ^trittriea  of  Nigei 
(Ume,  James  I.jf. 

IiUZ  Mundi-  Johann  Wessel ;  also 
ddled  Magisie^  Vofiitreulkiiaitikm,  for  his 
opftosition  to  the  Schohstie  philosophy. 
He  was  thB  pftedecessof  of  Luther  (1419- 
1489). 

JsBM^  *  boae  whicli  the  Jews  affirm 
remama  uncorrupted  till  Uie  last  day,> 
whsB  it  will  form  the  nacleas  of  the  new 
body.  This  bone  Mahomet  calkd  Ai 
Ajb  or  tile  ramp-bone. 

Ebea  Ezra  and  Manasseit  beo  Israit 
lay  thk  bone  is  ia  the  mmp« 

9«  levMd  labbiDt  of  fte  Jew* 
rte.  tW«'s  a  boo*.  «lkii  tkej  dtiO  tte  a  <yLf 
r  lb*  raoip  of  man. 

&  BMlar,  MhuMrma,  UL  XISTS). 

"L^moM  {"spi^€n^melUr%  om  ««  tbtf 
■■Hi  flff  Baeohu0# 

He  perehai^  ihe  #ftg 
or  yaong  loTMc,  and  the  draad  exploiti^ 

LfVlufl  (Sir)i  a  very  young  knight, 
who  MBdertook  to  rescue  the  lady  of 
Shiadeaev  After  overcoming  sundry 
knights,  giants^  and  enchanters,  he  en- 
tered the  fMdaee,  when  the  whole  edifiee 
fell  to  pieces,  and  a  homole  serpeni 
coiled  about  his  neck  and  kissed  him. 
The  spelL  being  broken,  the  sernent  turned 
into  ue  lady  of  Sinadone,  who  became 
lb  Ljbins'a  hAdt^-^Libeaitx  (a  romance). 

Ljrca'on,  king  of  Arcadia,  instituted 
human  sacrifices,  and  was  metamorphosed 
mto  a  wolf.  Some  say  all  his  sons  were 
abo  duinged  into  wolves,  except  otvs 
named  Nictlmns.    Oh  that 

M1$ftt  Mucke  awajns  UiIm  Mn  | 
-     viidevoir 


volfe.  Ltefton'. 
Bite  asondre  (hv  backe-boae  1 

i.  tlUtton,  PlkiHp  ^mr00  {Oitm,  HmafTnLh 
For  prof^  vliea  with  Lrct'on'i  tjpmmf 
Itaa  daint  not  drnJ.  then  (Ud  iw  .  .  . 
Hhn  ffilj  Ut  fbe  gntvjr  ntdBttnutdfaL 
lar4BnKka,DtoUmationt/Jlonttrvhg0tm. 

Lysei'am^  a  gynaodnm  en  the  banks 
«(  the  Hissns,  is  Atticai  where  Aristotle 
taugtrt  philosophy  as  he  paeed  the  walks^ 

GoideBiy  waf 
nroogh  fdr  tyeeinn's  widka. 
Uit^Ma.  Pitmm-M  9f  tmogimathm,  L  TIB  (1744). 

l47chor'ida»  Uurse  of  Hari'na  i^ho 
wasTiomat  sea.  Marina  was  ^e  daugh- 
ter of  Pericles  prince  of  Tyre  and  his 
wife  Thais'a.  -^  Shakespeare,  J*eriok$ 
Ftmoe  of  Ti/re  {W^)i 


Lye'ldas,  the  n*m*  under  whicfe 
Milton  celebrates  the  untimely  death  of 
Edwafd  King,  Fellow  of  Christ's  College, 
Cambridge.  Edward  King  was  drowned 
in  the  passage  from  Chester  to  Ireland, 
August  la,  1637.  He  was  the  son  of  sit 
John  King,  secretaty  for  Ireland. 

**«*  Lycldas  is  th«  Uame  of  *  shephe^ 
in  YirgU's  Edogm,  iu. 

Iiyoome'dee  (4  s}ft.),  king  of  Seyros, 
to  whose  court  AchiU^  was  sent,  dis- 
guised as  a  maiden,  by  his  mother  Thetis, 
w%o  was  anxious  to  prevent  his  going  to 
the  Trojan  war. 

Jjy^cfr^h  (He  hd$  shpt  on  Lvcoria)^ 
one  of  the  two  chief  summits  of  mourtt 
Parnassus^  Whoever  slept  there  became 
either  inspireti  or  mad. 

IjydfoTd  Iisw.  «  First  hrtng  and 
dfaw.  theti  hear  the  came  by  L^dfoM 
faKw/^    Lydferd,  in  the  county  of  I>epreiu 

I  «ll  battf  h4MM  of  L^dfoM  lt#. 
How  in  the  mora  thejr  bang  and  draw* 
And  itt  In  judgment  afl^r. 

▲  DMoitahlM  iNMk  (aloA.V 

Jedburgh  Justice,  Cupar  Justice,  and 
Abingdon  Law,  mean  thti  same  thing. 

Lynch  Law,  Burlaw,  Mob  Law,  and 
Club  Law,  mean  summary  ^'ustice  dealt  to 
an  offender  by  a  self-constituted  judge. 

Lydi^s  duogbter  of  the  king  of  Lydia^ 
was  sought  in  marriage  by  Alcestds  4 
Thracian  knight.  His  suit  being  rejected, 
he  Repaired  to  the  king  of  Armenia,  Who 
g»ve  him  an  army,  with  which  he  be- 
sieged Lydik.  He  was  persuaded  to 
raise  the  siese,  and  the  lady  tested  the 
sincerity  of  his  love  by  a  series  of  tasks, 
all  of  which  he  accomplished.  Lastly, 
she  set  him  to  put  to  death  his  allies, 
and,  being  powerless,  mocked  him.  Al- 
cestgs  pined  and  died,  and  Lydia  was 
doomedf  to  endless  torment  in  hell. — 
Ariosto,  Orlando  Furiosoy  xvii.  (1616). 

LydiOf  lady*8^maid  to  Widow  Greeiw 
She  was  the  sister  of  Trueworth,  ran 
away  from  home  to  avoid  a  hateful 
marriage^  took  service  for  the  nonoey  and 
ultimately  married  Waller.  She  was  *<a 
miracle  of  Virtue,  As  #ell  a»  beauty," 
Warm-hearted,  and  K'holly  withoivt  arti-* 
ice*— S.  Knowks,  The  Latbe-Choie  (1837)^ 

Ijydia  Ijanguisliy  niece  and  ward 
of  Mrs.  Malaprop.  She  had  a  fortune  of 
£30,000,  but,  if  she  married  without  her 
aunt's  consent,  forfeited  the  larger  part 
thereof.  She  was  a  great  novel  reader, 
and  was  courted  by  two  rival  lovers^' 
Bob  Aersa,  and  oaptaia  Abtoluta  whon 


LYDIAN  POET. 


582 


LTONOBS. 


■be  knew  only  as  ensign  Beverley.  Her 
aunt  insisted  that  she  should  throw  over 
the  ensign  and  marry  the  son  of  sir 
Anthony  Absolute,  and  great  was  her  joy 
to  find  that  the  man  of  her  own  choice 
was  that  of  her  aunt's  noinine  mutato. 
Bob  Acres  resigned  all  claim  on  the  lady 
to  his  rival.— Sheridan,  The  Rivals  (1776). 

Ii^dian  Poet  {The),  Alcman  of 
Lydia  (fl.  b.o.  670). 

Iiygo'neB,  father  of  Sjpaco'nia. — 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  A  King  or  No 
King  (1611). 

Lying  Traveller  {The)^  sir  John 
liandevme  (1300-1872). 

living  Valet  {The),  Timothy  Sharp, 
the  lying  valet  of  Charles  Gayless.  He 
•is  the  Mercoiy  between  his  master  and 
Melissa,  to  whom  Gayless  is  about  to  be 
married.  The  object  of  his  lying  is  to 
make  his  master,  who  has  not  a  sixpence 
in  the  world,  pass  for  a  man  of  fortune. 
— D.  (Sarrick,  The  Lying  Valet  (1741). 

Iiyle  (Annot)y  daughter  of  sir  Duncan 
Campbell  the  knight  of  Ardenvohr. 
She  was  brought  up  by  the  M'Aulays, 
and  was  beloved  by  Allan  M*Aulav ;  but 
she  married  the  earl  of  Menteim. — Sir 
W.  Scott.  Legend  of  Montrose  (time, 
Charles  I.). 

Iiyn'ceuSy  one  of  the  Argonauts ;  so 
sharp-sighted  that  he  could  discern  ob- 
jects at  a  distance  of  180  miles.  Yarro 
says  he  could  "see  through  rocks  and 
trees;"  and  Pliny,  that  he  could  see 
'*  the  infernal  regions  through  the  earth.** 

Strange  tale  to  tel :  all  oflloen  be  blynde, 
And  jret  tbeir  one  eye,  ibarpe  a*  Un'ceui  dglit. 
G.  GMtolgiM.  ThtSUeUeUu  (died  1S77). 

I«yncll  (Governor)  was  a  great  name 
in  Galwa^  (Ireland).  It  is  said  that  he 
hanged  his  only  son  out  of  the  window 
of  his  own  house  (1526).  The  very 
window  from  which  the  boy  was  hung  is 
carefullv  preserved,  and  still  pointed  out 
to  travellers. — Annals  of  Qalvoay, 

Iiynoh  Iiaw,  law  administered  by 
a  self-constituted  judge.  Webster  says 
James  Lynch,  a  farmer  of  Piedmont,  in 
Virginia,  was  selected  by  his  neighbours 
(in  1688^  to  try  offences  on  the  frontier 
summarily,  because  there  were  no  law 
courts  within  seven  miles  of  them. 

Iiynohno'bians,  lantem-sellers,  that 
is,  booksellers  and  publishers.  Rabelais 
says  they  inhabit  a  little  hamlet  near 


Lantern-land. — ^Babelais,  Pantag^ruel.  v, 
83  (1545). 

Iiyndon  (Barry),  an  Irish  sharper, 
whose  adventures  are  told  by  Thackeray. 
The  story  is  full  of  spirit,  variety,  and 
humour,  reminding  one  of  Gil  Bute,  It 
first  came  out  in  Fraaer's  Magazine, 

IiVnette,  sister  of  lady  Lyonors  of 
Castle  Perilous.  She  goes  to  king  Arthor, 
and  prays  him  to  send  sir  Lancelot  to 
deliver  her  sister  from  certain  knights. 
The  king  assigns  the  quest  to  Beaumains 
(the  nickname  given  by  sir  Kay  to 
Gareth),  who  had  served  for  twelve 
months  in  Arthur's  kitchen.  Lynette  is 
exceedingly  indignant,  and  treats  her 
champion  with  the  utmcMt  contumely ; 
but,  after  each  victory,  softens  towimls 
him,  and  at  length  marries  him. — ^Tenny- 
son, Idylls  of  the  King  ("Gareth  and 
Lynette  *'). 

*«*  This  rersion  of  the  tale  differs 
from  that  of  the  History  of  Pnnoe  Arthur 
(bit  T.  Malory,  1470)  in  many  respects. 
(See  LiNET,  p.  556.) 

Iiyonnesse  (8  syL)^  west  of  Camelot. 
llie  battle  of  Lyonnesse  was  the  *'  last 
great  battle  of  the  West,**  and  the  scene 
of  the  final  conflict  between  Arthur  and 
sir  Modred.  The  land  of  Lyonnesse  is 
where  Arthur  came  from,  and  it  is  now 
submerged  full  "forty  fathoms  under 
water.** 

Unto  kln«  Arthtvli  taMe  VtmfMtl  aaaa  l|f  ■■■, 
Had  fallMi  In  IgroiuMM  about  tbtfr  kifd. 

Teonyaon,  Mtru  e^Artkmr, 

IiyonorB,  daughter  of  eari  Sanaai. 
She  came  to  pay  homage  to  king  Arthnr, 
and  by  him  became  the  mother  of  »r 
Borre  (1  syl,),  one  of  the  knights  of  the 
Round  Table.— Sir  T.  Malory,  History 
of  Prince  Arthur,  i.  16  (1470). 

*«*  lion^s,  daughter  of  sir  Persaont, 
and  sister  of  Linet  of  Castle  Perilonsi, 
married  sir  Gareth.  Tennyson  cidls  this 
lady  "  Lyonors,**  and  makes  Gareth  marry 
her  sister,  who,  we  are  told  in  the  History, 
was  married  to  sir  Gaheris  (Garetlrs 
brother). 

Lyonors,  the  ladv  of  Castle  Perilont. 
where  she  was  held  captive  by  sevenu 
knights  called  Morning  Star  or  Phos- 
phorus, Noonday  Sun  or  Merid'ies,  Even- 
ing Star  or  Hesperus,  and  Night  or  Nox. 
Her  sister  Lynette  went  to  king  Arthor, 
to  crave  that  sir  Lancelot  might  be  sent 
to  deliver  Lyonors  from  her  oppressor.  The 
king  gave  the  quest  to  Gareth,  who  was 
knighted,  and  accompanied  Lynette,  who 


LTRISTS. 


583 


M. 


ssed  him  very  sconifiillj  at  first ;  but  at 
every  victory  which  he  gained  she  abated 
somewhat  of  her  contempt ;  and  married 
him  after  he  had  succeeded  in  delivering 
Lyonors.  The  lot  of  Lyonors  is  not  told. 
(See  LioNRs.) — Tennyson,  Idylit  of  the 
Amg  C'Oareth  and  Lynette  "). 

*«*  A<%ording  to  the  collection  of 
tales  edited  by  sir  T.  Malory,  the  lady 
Lyonors  was  quite  another  person.  She 
was  daughter  of  earl  Sanam,  and  mother 

I     of  sir  Borre  by  king  Arthur  (pt.  i.  15). 

'  It  was  Liones  who  was  the  sister  of  Linet, 
and  whose  father  was  sir  Persaunt  of  Castle 
Perilous  (pt.  L  153).  The  History  says 
that  Liones  married  Gareth,  and  Linet 
aarried  his  brother,  sir  Gaheris.  (See 
Gaketh,  p.  364.) 

Lyrists  (Prmoe  of)f  Franc  Schnbert 
(17»7-1828). 

Lysander.  a  yonng  Athenian,  in  love 
with  Uermia  daughter  of  £g€as  (3  ayl,). 
£geas  had  promised  her  in  marriage  to 
Dem^teios,  and  insisted  that  she  should 
cither  many  him  or  suffer  death  "ac- 
cording to  the  Athenian  law.*'  In  this 
dilemma,  Uermia  fled  from  Athens  with 
Lysander.  Demetrius  went  in  pursuit, 
tod  was  followed  by  Helena,  who  doted 
OB  him.  All  four  fell  asleep,  and 
"dreamed  a  dream'*  about  the  fiuries. 
When  Demetrius  awoke,  he  became  more 
rasonablc,  for,  seeing  that  Hermia  dis- 
liked him  and  Helena  loved  him  sin- 
cerely, he  consented  to  forego  the  former 
and  wed  the  latter.  Egeus,  being  in- 
fonned  thereof,  now  readily  agreed  to 
give  his  dwighter  to  Lysander,  and  all 
went  merry  as  a  marriage  bell. — Shake- 
speare, Midsummer  Night's  Dream  (1592). 

Lysiin'acliiis.govemor  of  Metali'nS, 
who  marries  Mari'na  the  daughter  of 
Per^clea  prince  of  Tyre  and  his  wife 
Thais^a. — Shakespeare,  Ferides  Prince  of 
Tyre  (1608). 

Lysimachua,  the  artist,  a  citizen. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Count  £obert  of  Paris  (time, 
Eofus). 

Lyttelton,  addressed  by  Thomson  in 

**  Spring,*'  was  lord  George  Lyttelton  of 

Hagley  Paik,  Worcestershire,  who  pro- 

emid  for  the  poet  a  pension  of  £100  a 

year.     He    was   a   poet   and   historian 

(1709-1773). 

0  I^ttelion  .  .  .  tnm  fhew,  dMneted,  oft 
Ton  wander  thra*  the  pbUosophlc  worid ;  .  .  . 
lad  oft.  euikdacted  >f  Uitork  truth. 
You  tnad  the  lone  extent  at  beckvurd  time ;  .  .  . 
Or,  torniaf  thence  thy  viev,  then  graT«r  tbotu^ti 


Tk* 


("Spring."  17981. 


M,  said  to  represent  the  hmnan  face 
without  the  two  eyes.  By  adding  these, 
we  get  O  m  O,  the  Latin  Aomo,  **man." 
Dant^  speaking  of  faces  gaunt  with  star- 
vataoB,  says : 

Who  rsadi  the  naate 
For  mmn  apon  his  forehead,  than  the  M 
Had  tnured  nioit  plainly. 

DvkU.  Pmyatorp,  xzUL  (lS06)i 

*^*  The  two  downstrokes  stand  for 
the  contour,  and  the  Y  of  the  letter  for 
the  nose.    Thus:  I'^V^'l 

M.    This    letter    is    rery    cariously 
coupled  with  Napoleon  I.  and  III. 
1.  Napoleon  L: 

(a)  Mack  (OetMi^  fpihihtai  at  171m  (Oetoher  U, 

1806). 
MAiTUUfD  iCaptat*),  at  the  B«n*ropkon,  vai  Iha 

person  to  whom  he  nirrendered  (lS14)b 
Mauet  confplred  a^Onat  hiiu  (181'i). 
IfAixiKU  wa«  one  of  hk  mJalBton.  with  Maret  aad 

MontaUveC 
Marbkuf  was  the  firat  to  rocognin  hla  geolm  at  the 

militatjr  college  (1779). 
Marchand  was  bU  Talet ;  accmnpaoled  him  to  St, 

Helena ;  and  assisted  Montbolon  in  his  JMmofrrs. 
Marbt  duke  of  B^awno  was  his  moat  tnastjr  coaa- 

sellor  (1804-1814). 
Mabib  Looiu  was  his  wlfis.  the  moUier  of  his  son. 

and  shared  his  highest  fortunes.   Hi^  son  was  bom 

in  March  ;  so  was  the  son  of  Napoleon  111. 
Mabjiunt  was  Uie  second  to  desert  him ;  Munt  the 

flnt  (both  in  1814). 
g  Marshals  and  as  gensfalMMirlsloa  Imd  M  lor  their 

Initial  iettcc. 
Mahsk.xa  was  the  gBneral  who  gained  tlie  vietoiy  of 

lUvoU  (1797),  and  Napoleoo  gave  bim  the  mbrl- 

quet  of  L'Mnfunt  COuH  de  Is  VieUttr*. 
Mblas  was  the  Austrian  neneral  conquered  aft  Maren. 

go.  and  forced  back  to  the  Mhido  (J«u>«  K  UOOK 
Mkmoo  kiet  hbn  Egypt  (1801). 
MKnnuiiGH  sianqiddied  him  la  dlplomacf  . 
MiOLLts  was  empkiyed   hf  bIm  to  take  Phis  VII. 

pitamer  (lS(l»)w 
Mo.mtauvkt  was  ooa  of  Ua  mtnlrtsr^  with  Marot 

and  Mailien. 
MOMTBBL  wrote  tfta  life  of  his  too,  **  tha  king  of 

Rome"  (IMS). 
MOXTBBQUIBO  was  his  flnft  chamberlain. 
MONTUuLON  was  his  companion  at  St.  Helena,  and, 

in  conjunction  with  Marchaad.  wrote  hk  MtmoirtM. 
Mouau  betrayed  him  (1813). 
MoBTlXB  was  one  of  his  best  gwnanili. 
MouBAO  Bet  was  the  general  ha  Tanqnlslicd  In  the 

batUe  of  the  fytaofiids  (July  tS.  1796). 
Mdbat  was  bis  brother-lU'law.     He  was  the  first 

martyr  in  bb  cause,  and  was  tha  Ikatt  to  desert 

him;  then  Marmont. 
Murat  was  made  by  hbn  king  of  Naples  (1806). 
(I)  Madbio  eapttubUed  to  bIm  (Decembw  4. 1806). 
Marliani  was  one  of  his  flunous  Tictorles  (AprO  10^ 

1798). 
Malmamon  was  bis  last  haltli«-place  In  Franco. 

Here  the  emprsss  Josephine  lived  after  her  dlTorce, 

and  here  she  died  (1814). 
Malta  taken  (June  11.  1797).  and  while  there  he 

aboHsbed  Uie  onler  called  "  Ibe  Knights  of  Malta  ** 

(1796). 
Mantua  was  smandated  to  htan  b|r  Wnrmser.  in 

1797. 
Mabknoo  was  his  first  great  rictory  (June  14. 1800). 
Makmeillbs  Is  the  place  he  retired  to  when  pro- 
scribed by  PmII  (179*).    Here.  too.  was  bis  first 

eintolt.  wbea  captain,  in  ndudng  the  "Fedaral* 
r(1799». 


Nafolbob  III. : 


the  fiftmnth  wntury.  Shakeapcarc'l 
desvriptina  it  in  Borneo  ami  Jaliit,  met  i, 
K.  4  (1S98). 

Qurn  Mub's  Maidt  of  Bomar.  Thiej 
wen  Uiipiuid  tl<ip,  Dnp,  Pi|i,  Trip,  and 
Skip.  Her  train  of  waitine-Duids  wen 
till  itad  Till,  Pincb  mud  Pin,  Tick  aod 
Quick,  JiU  mA  Jiq,  Tit  ud  Nit,  Wu 
and     Win.  —  H.     Dnjton,    Nympimlia 

(lAOS-iesi). 

Qwen  Hab,  tht  Fatna'  Midvife,  tliM  ia, 
the  iniilwire  of  men's  drtaini, employed 
li^  the  furies.  Tbut,  the  qaeen'a  oi 
king's  judges  do  not  jvdge  the  Borvreiffn, 
but  are  employed  by  tbe  lavereiga  to 
Judge  otberft. 

Uablaogion.  A  wrie*  of  W«I(k 
tales,  chiefly  relating  to  Arthur  and  tb* 
Kound  Table.  A  US.  volume  of  aom« 
700  pa^ea  il  frrenerved  in  the  libnuy  oC 
Jesus  Colle^  Oxford,  md  ia  known 
B>  the  Jlfd  Boo*  of  Aergeit,   fnnn  the 

Etace  nhere  it  was  diacDTered.  t^dj 
harlotte  tiueat  published  aa  edition  ia 
^^'elBh  and  English,  willi  notee,  thi«« 
vols.  (1838-49}.  The  word  is  the  Wtlah 
fuiid  mifft,  "  jnvenile  InnniclioB  "  (nuMv 
"jnvenile;''  muft,  "a  boy;"  and  egi, 
"  to  us*  the  hwiow  "). 

or    the 


MACAIRE. 


686 


MACBETH. 


dntrcli^ard**).  The  dance  of  death  was 
a  favourite  subject  in  tiie  Middle  Ages 
lor  wall-paintings  in  cemeteries  and 
charges,  especially  in  Gennanjr*  Death 
is  represented  as  presiding  orer  a  round 
of  dancers,  consisting  of  rich  and  poor, 
old  and  young,  mue  and  female.  A 
work  descriptive  of  this  dance,  originally 
in  German,  has  been  translated  into  most 
European  languages,  and  the  painting  of 
Holbein,  in  u»e  Dominican  convent  at 
Bssle,  has  a  world-wide  reputation. 
Others  are  at  Hindcn,  Lucerne,  Lubeck, 
Dresden,  and  the  north  side  Of  old  St. 
Paul's. 


SMc  Wkat  are  tlMM  painting  on  lb*  valla  •roand  Off 
'Qk  DaiMa  Iteakv"  .  .  .  "Ite  Vamm  of 


Macatre  (Le  Chevalier  Rkhard)^  a 
French  knight,  who,  aided  by  lieutenant 
Uodfff  aMirdered  Anbry  de  Montdidier 
in  the  forast  of  Bondy,  in  1371.  Mont- 
didier's  dog^  named  Dngon,  riiowed  such 
SB  aversion  to  Macaire,  &at  suspicion  was 
■nNned^  and  the  man  and  dog  were  pitted 
to  single  combat.  The  resmt  was  fatal 
ts  Ihe  waui*  who  died   confessing  Us 

There  at«  two  Fi«neh  plays  on  the 
tabject,  one  entitled  Le  Cnien  de  Jioni- 
fjHyttf  tad  the  other  Le  Chkn  ctAvbi^, 
Tie  former  of  these  has  been  adapted  to 
the  English  stage.  Dragon  was  called 
(Aim  Ss  MontarytM,  because  the  assassi- 
DstioB  took  place  near  this  castle,  and  Wito 
depicted  in  the  great  hall  over  the 
thnnaey-piece. 

la  the  i!Aglish  drama,  the  assh  of  the 
Maidered  man  is  found  in  the  possession 
of  lieutenant  Macaire,  and  is  recognized 
by  Uraolay  who  worked  the  sword-knot, 
and  gave  it  to  captain  Anbri,  who  was 
her  sweetheart.  Macaire  then  confessed 
the  crime.  ^  His  accomplice,  lieutenant 
I^adry,  trying  to  escape,  was  seieed  by 
the  dog  Dragon,  and  bitten  to  death. 

Macaite  (i2o6erf),  a  cant  name  for  a 
FreDchmaa. 

MacAlpine  (Jeanie)^  landlady  of  the 
Clichan  of  Aberfoylc.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
MHoyi^me,  George  I.). 

,  Kacamut,  a  sultan  of  Cambaya,  who 
fired  so  much  upon  poison  that  his  very 
Iffesth  and  toudh  were  fataL — Furchas, 
Pilgrimage  (1613). 

KacAnaleister  (£Jachm)y  a  follower 
of  hob  Koy.— Sif  W,  Scott,  Rob  Boy 
(tine,  George  I.). 


Maoare  (2  syM*  ^  impersonation 
of  good  temper. — ^Voltairoy  Theieme  and 
Maoare  (ao  all^ory)« 

Maoaulay  ( An^os),  a  Hi^hMid  chief, 
in  the  armv  m.  the  earl  of  Montrose. 

Allan  Macaulaif  or  "  Allan  of  the  Red 
Hand,"  brother  of  Angns.  AHsn  is  **  a 
seer,'*  and  is  in  love  with  Aaaot  Lyie. 
He  stabs  the  earl  of  MenteHh  on  the  eve 
of  his  marriage,  oat  el  jealomiy,  but  the 
earl  recovers  and  marries  Aanot  Lyle. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Legemi  «/  MorUrg^e  (tiflia, 
Charles  h}* 

Hacbeth',  son  <tt  iMnel  tfiane  of 
Glamis,  and  grandson  of  Malcolm  II. 
by  his  second  danghtef;  the  elder 
daughter  married  Crjuin,  father  of  Dnn- 
can  who  succeeded  his  grandfather  on 
the  throne.  Hence  king  Duncan  and 
Macbeth  were  cousins.  Duncan,  staying 
as  a  guest  with  Macbeth  at  the  castw  of 
Inverness  (1040),  was  murdered  by  his 
host,  who  then  usurped  ttie  croWn.  The 
battle  which  Macbeth  had  Just  woft  was 
this  : — Sueno  king  of  Norway  had  landed 
with  an  army  in  Fife,  for  the  purpose  of 
invading  Scotland ;  Macbeth  and  Banqno 
were  sent  against  him,  and  defeated  him 
with  such  loss,  that  only  ten  men  of  all 
his  arftiy  escap^  alive.  Macbeth  wis 
promised  by  the  witdietf  (1)  that  nOne  of 
woman  bortt  should  kiH  faint,  and  (2) 
that  he  should  not  die  till  Burham  Wood 
removed  to  Dunsinane*  He  was  slain  in 
battle  by  Macduff,  who  was  "from  his 
mother's  womb  untimely  ripped ;"  and  as 
for  the  moving  wood,  the  soldiers  of 
MacduiT,  in  their  march  to  Dunsinane, 
were  commanded  to  carry  boughs  of  the 
forest  before  them,  to  conceal  their 
numbers. 

Ladg  Macbeth,  wife  of  Macbetii,  a 
woman  of  great  ambition  and  inexoraMe 
will.  When  her  husband  told  her  that 
the  ¥ritches  prophesied  he  should  be  king, 
she  induced  him  to  murder  Duncan,  who 
was  at  the  time  their  guest.  She  would 
herself  have  done  it,  but  *'he  looked  in 
sleep  so  like  her  father  that  she  could 
not.  However,  when  Macbeth  had  mur- 
dered the  king,  she  felt  no  scruple  in 
murdering  the  two  grooms  that  slept  with 
him,  and  Growing  the  guilt  on  tliem.  After 
her  husband  was  crowned,  she  was  greatly 
troubled  by  dreams,  and  used  to  walk  in 
her  sleep,  trying  to  rub  from  her  bands 
imaginary  stains  of  blood.  She  died, 
prolMbly,  by  her  own  haad.'^hakc- 
speare,  Macbeth  (1606). 

Site  k  a  tMTible  tanpcnooatloii  of  evil  pawion*  and 
mighty  pow«n^  oevwrwlkrranioredfhMaourown  uatun 


MACBRIAR. 


586 


MACFIN. 


M  to  Im  CMt  bejroDd  the  pak  of  oar  nnniMithy ;  for  A« 
remaiiw  a  womnn  to  the  UMt.  Mid  U  mlwajv  Ilbkad  with 
bar  MX  and  vith  buinaiiitir.— Mn.  Jmammnn. 

"  It  18  related  of  Mrs.  Betterton,**  says 
C.  Dibdin,  '*  that  though  *lady  Macbeth' 
had  been  frequently  well  performed,  no 
actress,  not  eyen  Mrs.  Barry,  could  in 
the  smallest  degree  be  compared  to  her.** 
Mrs.  Siddons  calls  Mrs.  Pritchard  *^the 
neatest  of  all  the  *lady  Macbeths;*** 
but  Mrs.  Siddons  herself  was  so  great  in 
this  character,  that  in  the  sleep-walking 
scene,  in  her  farewell  performance,  the 
whole  audience  stood  on  the  benches,  and 
demanded  that  the  performance  should 
end  with  that  scene.  Since  then,  Helen 
Faucit  has  been  the  best  *'lady  Mac- 
beth.*' Mrs.  Betterton  (died  1712) ;  Mrs. 
Barry  (1682-1733) ;  Mrs.  Pritchard  n711- 
1768) ;  Mrs.  Siddons  (1756- 1831)  ;  Helen 
Faucit  (bom  1820). 

\*  I)r.  Lardner  says  that  the  name  of 
lady  Macbeth  was  Graoch,  and  that  she 
was  the  daughter  of  Kenneth  lY. 

MaoBriar  (Ephraim)^  an  enthusiast 
and  a  preacher.— Sir  W.  sicott.  Old  Mor- 
tality (time,  Charles  II.). 

Mac'cabee  (Fatfier),  the  name  as- 
sumed by  king  Roderick  after  his  de- 
thronement.— Southey,  Moderkk^  the  Lazi 
of  th€  Gotht  {IS14). 

MaoCalltim  {Doiigal)^  the  auld  butler 
of  sir  Robert  Redgauntlet,  introduced  in 
Wandering  Willie's  story.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Redgauntlet  (time,  George  III.). 

MaoCandlish  (i/r«.},  landlady  of 
the  Gordon  Arms  inn  at  Kippletringan. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Guy  Manner  trig  (time, 
George  II.). 

ICaoCasquil  (i/r.)>  of  Drumqnag,  a 
relation  of  Mrs.  Margaret  Bertram. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Ouy  Mannermj  (time,  George 

MacChoak'uxnchild,  schoolmaster 
at  Goketown.  A  man  crammed  with 
facts.  "  He  and  some  140  other  school- 
masters had  been  lately  turned  at  the 
same  time,  in  the  same  factory,  on  the 
same  principles,  like  so  many  pianoforte 
l^s.**— C.  Dickens,  Hard  Tanes  (1864). 

MaoCoinbich  {Evan  Dhu)^  foster- 
brother  of  Fergus  M'lvor,  both  of  whom 
were  sentenced  to  death  at  Carlisle. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,    Waverley  (time,  George 

MacCombich  {Robin  Oig)  or  McGregor, 
a  Highland  drover,  who  stabs  Harry 
Wakefield,  and  is  found  guilty  at  Car- 


lisle—Sir W.  Scott,  The  Two  Dronert 
(time,  George  III.). 

ICacCrosskie  (/>Mcon),  of  Creodi- 
stone,  a  neighbour  of  the  laud  of  RUan- 
gowan.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Ouy  Mannering 
(time,  George  II.). 

MaoDonald'B  Breed  {Lord),  -v^er-- 
min  or  human  parasites.  Lord  Mac- 
Donald,  son  of  the  *^  Lord  of  the  Islea  ** 
once  made  a  raid  on  the  mainland.  He 
and  his  followers  dressed,  themselves  in 
tJie  clothes  of  the  plundered  party,  but 
their  own  rags  were  so  full  of  vermin 
that  no  one  was  poor  enough  to  covet 
them. 

MaoDougal  of  Iiom,  a  Midland 
chief  in  the  army  of  Montrose. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Legend  of  Montrose  (time,  Charles 
L). 

ICaoduff.  thane  of  Fife  in  the  time 
of  Edward  ue  Con'fessor.  One  of  the 
witches  told  Macbeth  to  "  beware  of  the 
thane  of  Fife,"  but  another  added  that 
"  none  of  woman  bom  should  have  power 
to  harm  him."  Macduff  was  at  this 
moment  in  England,  raising  an  army  to 
dethrone  Macbeth,  and  place  Malcolm  (son 
of  Duncan)  on  the  throne.  Macbeth  did 
not  know  of  his  absence,  but  with  a  view 
of  cutting  him  off,  attacked  his  castle, 
and  slew  ladjr  Macduff  with  all  her 
children.  Having  raised  an  army,  Mac- 
duff led  it  to  Dunsinane,  where  a  furious 
battle  ensued.  Macduff  encountered 
Macbeth,  and  being  told  by  the  kin^ 
that  **  none  of  woman  bom  could  prevail 
against  him,"  replied  that  he  (Macduff) 
was  not  bom  of  a  woman,  but  was  taken 
from  his  mother's  womb  by  the  OMariaa 
operation.  Whereupon  they  fought,  and 
llacbeth  felL— Shakespeare,  MaobetA 
(1606). 

MacSagh  {Ranald)^  one  of  the 
**  Children  of  the  Mist,"  and  an  outlaw. 
Ranald  is  the  foe  of  Allan  Macaulay. 

Kameth  M^Eaghj  grandson  of  Ranald 
M*Eagh.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Legend  of  MotU- 
rose  (time,  Charles  I.). 

Maoedonioua*  iEmillus  PaoloB, 
conqueror  of  Perseus  (b.c.  230-160). 

Macfle,  the  laird  of  Gudgeonford,  a 
neighbour  of  the  laird  of  Ellangowan. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Guy  Mannerism  (time, 
George  II.). 

Macfln  {Miles),  the  cadie  in  the 
Canongate,  Edinbiu^h. — Sir  W.  Scott^ 
Guy  Mannering  (time,  Cieorge  II.). 


MACFITTOCH, 


687 


MACILDUY. 


MacFittooh  (Mr.),  the  dancing- 
muter  at  Middlenias.---Sir  W.  Scott, 
TheStuye<m'8j)augiUer(iimei  Georgell.)* 

MftcFleck'noe,  in  Dryden's  satire  so 
called,  is  meant  for  Thomas  Shadwell, 
who  was  promoted  to  the  office  of  poet- 
laureate.  The  design  of.  Dryden's  poem 
is  to  represent  the  inauguration  of  one 
dullard  as  successor  of  another  in  the 
monarchy  of  nonsense.  R.  Flecknoe  was 
an  Irish  priest  and  hackney  poet  of  no 
lepatation,  and  Mac  in  Celtic  being  «>», 
"  MacFlecknoe  **  means  the  son  of  the 
Doetaster  so  named.  Flecknoe,  seeking 
for  a  successor  to  his  own  dnlness,  selects 
ShadweU  to  bear  his  mantle. 


MMivn  la  dnlnwi  ftom  hh  Uodw  rmn; ... 
Tte  mt  to  aooM  bint  meanlnc  muM  r~*tnrfb 
Bm  SkaAweU  nercr  ieriatm  Into  moat. 

Drrden.  MmcFtmstmM  (ft  Mtira.  USD. 


wto  ta 


aM  KaicalT  HippoM  tbftt  81iad> 
It  by  MftcFIeduioe.  vm  worth 
;  and  thftt  Dnrden.  daKendInf  to  indi 
like  an  cacfe  atoopliiff  to  catch  IHw.    Biit  the 
tmb  1^  tfaatShadven  at  one  time  held  dlvMad  n|mt*> 


brii« 


ttaa  with  thb  icreat  poet.   Brery  afe  produces  Its  I 

■apply  talkative  isnorance  vttb 


ahivdnKM.  who 

■nlfriah    for  oonrenatioii.— Gokbmitb,    Btmutlm   9f 

MaoOrainer  (Mcuter),  a  dissenting 
niniiter  at  Kippletringan. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
(h^  Mannermg  (time,  George  II.). 

MacQregor  (Bob  Boy)  or  Kobebt 
Campbell.,  the  outlaw.  He  was  a 
Highland  freebooter. 

Utien  McGregor,  Rob  Roy*8  wife. 

Bamish  and  Robert  OUu  the  sons  of 
Rob  Rov.—Sir  W.  Scott,  Bob  Boy  (time, 
Geofgel.). 

MacOregor,  or  Robin  Oig  M*Combich, 
a  Highland  drover,  who  stabbed  Harry 
Wakefield  at  an  ale-house.  Being  tried 
at  Carlisle  for  the  murder,  he  was  found 
iniil^  and  condemned. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
2^  Tmso  Drovers  (time,  George  III.). 

XacOrather  (Sandie),  a  beggar 
imprisoned  by  Mr.  Godfrey  Bertram 
laird  of  EUangowan.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Guy 
Mcmmermg  (time,  George  II.). 

XacOuffog  (DavMf),  keeper  of  Por- 
tanferry  prison. 

Mrs,  MGuffog,  Darid's  wife.— Sir  W. 
Scott,  Gwy  Mannermg  (time,  George  II.). 

•BCft^j^ft-iti  (Babert),  the  discoverer  of 
Madeira  Island,  to  which  he  was  driven 
while  eloping  witii  his  lady-love  (a.d. 
1344).  The  lady  soon  died,  and  the 
mariners  made  off  with  the  ship.  Mac- 
ham,  after  his  mourning  was  over,  made 
a  rode  boat  out  of  a  tree,  and,  with  two  or 


three  men,  putting  forth  to  sea,  landed  on 
the  shores  of  Africa.  The  Kev.  W.  L. 
Bowles  has  made  the  marvellous  adven- 
tures of  Robert  Macham  the  subject  of 
a  poem  ;  and  Drayton,  in  bis  Polyolhion, 
xix.,  has  devoted  twenty-two  lines  to  the 
same  subject. 

Maoheath  (Captain),  captain  of  a 
gang  of  highwaymen  ;  a  fine,  bold-faced 
ruffian,  *'  game  to  the  very  last.  He  is 
married  to  Polly  Peachum,  but  finds 
himself  dreadfully  embarrassed  between 
Polly  his  wife,  and  Lucy  to  whom  he  has 
promised  marriage.  Bein^  betrayed  by 
eight  women  at  a  drinking  b<»ut,  the 
captain  is  lodged  in  Newgate,  but  Lucy 
effects  his  escape.  He  is  recaptured, 
tried,  and  condemned  to  death ;  but 
being  reprieved,  acknowledges  Polly  to 
be  his  wife,  and  promises  to  remain 
constant  to  her  for  the  future. — J.  Gay, 
The  Beggar's  Opera  (1727). 


Men  will  not  become  highvunneo  buMW  Machiftth  It 
acquitted  on  thestace.— Dr.  Johnaoa. 

T.  Walker  was  the  original  **  Mac- 
heath,*'  but  Charles  Hulet  (1701-1736) 
was  allowed  to  excel  him.  0*Keefe 
says  West  Digges  (1720-1786)  was  the 
best  '*  Macheath  "  he  ever  saw  in  person, 
song,  and  manners.  Incledon  (1764- 
1826)  performed  the  part  well,  and  in 
1821  Miss  Bloke  delighted  play-goers  by 
her  pretty  imitation  of  the  highwayman. 

MachiaveUi  (Niocolo  del),  of  Flo- 
rence, author  of  a  book  called  The 
Prince,  the  object  of  which  is  to  show 
that  all  is  fair  in  diplomacy,  as  well  as  in 
«*  love  and  war  "  (1469-1527). 

*^*  Machiavellisin,  political  cunning 
and  duplicity,  the  art  of  tricking  and 
overreaching  by  diplomacy. 

Tiberius,  the  Roman  emperor,  is  called 
*'The  Imperial  MachiaveUi"  (b.c.  42 
to  A.D.  87). 

Maolan  (Gilchrist),  father  of  Ian 
Eachin  M^Ian. 

Jan  Kaohin  (or  Hector)  Mian,  called 
Conachar,  chief  of  the  clan  Quhele,  son  of 
Gilchrist  M*Ian.  Hector  is  old  Glover's 
Highland  apprentice,  and  casts  himself 
down  a  precipice,  because  Catharine 
Glover  loves  Henry  Smith  better  than 
himself.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Fair  Maid  of 
Perth  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

Metcllduy,  or  Mhich  Connel  Dhn,  a 
Highland  chief  in  the  army  of  Montrose. 
— Sir  W.  Scott,  Legend  of  Montrose 
(time,  Charles  I.). 


MACINTYRE. 


588 


MACBOBIl. 


Maolntyre  (Maria),  niece  of  Mr. 
Jonathan  Oldbuck  "  the  antiquary." 

Captain  Hector  M^Intyre,  nephew  of 
Mr.  Jonathan  Oldbtick,  and  brother  of 
Maria  M'Intyrc.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Antiquary  (time,  Qeotgo  III.). 

ICacIvor  (Ferqus),  or  "  Vich  Ian 
Tohr,"  chief  of  (xlennaquoich.  He  is 
executed. 

Fiora  3PIvor.  sister  of  Fergns,  and  the 
heroine  of  naverley. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Waverley  (time,  George  II.). 

MackitcllillBon,  landlord  at  the 
Queen's  Ferry  inn.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Antiquary  (time,  George  III.). 

MaokUn.  The  real  nam6  of  this  great 
actor  was  Charles  MacLaughlin  ;  bnt  he 
dropped  the  middle  syllable  when  he 
came  to  England  (1690-1797). 

MacMin  (Sir),  a  priest  who  preftched 
to  Tom  and  Bob  and  Billy,  on  the 
sinfulness  of  walking  on  Sundays.  At 
his  *' sixthly'*  he  said,  'M^a,  ha,  I  see 
•  yon  raise  your  hands  in  aigony  ! "  They 
certainly  had  raised  their  hands,  for  they 
were  yawning.  At  his  "  twenty-flrstly 
he  cned,  "  Ho,  ho,  I  see  you  bow  your 
heads  in  heartfelt  sorrow  f "  Truly  thej^ 
bowed  their  heads,  for  they  were  sleeping. 
Still  on  he  preached  and  thumped  his  hat, 
when  thebisnoppassingby,crie<l,  **  Bosh ! " 
and  walked  him  oflP.--W.  S.  Gilbert,  T/te 
Bab  Ballads  ("  Sir  Macklin"). 

Maclean  (Sir  Hector),  a  Highland 
chief  in  the  army  of  Montrose. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Legend  of' Montrose  (time.  CSiarles 
1.). 

Maoleary  ( Widow),  landlady  of  the 
Tully  Veolan  yillage  ale-house. — Sir  W« 
Scott,  Waverley  (time,  George  II.). 

ICacIieish  (Donald),  postilion  to  Mrs. 
Bethune  Baliol.—Sir  W.  Scott,  highland 
Widow  (time,  George  II.). 

Madeod  (Colin  or  Catcdie),  h  Scotch- 
tnan,  one  of  the  house-servants  of  lord 
Abberville,  entrusted  with  the  financial 
department  of  his  lordship's  household. 
Most  strictly  honest  and  economical, 
Colin  Macleod  is  hated  by  his  fellow- 
servants,  and,  having  been  in  the  service 
of  the  family  for  many  years,  tries  to 
check  his  young  master  in  his  road  to 
ruin. 

*#*  The  object  of  the  author  in  this 
character  is  "to  weed  out  the  unmanly 
prejudice  of  Englishmen  against  the 
Scotch,"    as    the    object    of    The    Jew 


(toother  drama)  wa«  to  weed  <nlt  iiie 
prejudice  of  Chnstians  against  that  much- 
maligned  people.  —  Cutoberlaod,'  The 
Fashionable  Lover  (1780). 

Maoleuohar  (Mrs,),  book-keeper  at 
the  coach-office  in  Edtnbnrgh. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Tke  Antiqttary  (time,  George  III.). 

MadjOuiSy  captain  of  the  kin^s 
guard.— Sir  W.  Scott,  HtSt  Maid  of  Perth 
(time,  Henry  IV.). 

Maolure  (Elizabeth),  an  did  widow 
and  a  covenanter.^Sir  W.  Scotty  Old 
Mortality  (time,  (Charles  IL)- 

MacMorlan  (MrAf  depoty-sh^iff, 
and  guardian  to  Lvey  Bertram. 

Jfrs.  M'Morhrt,  bis  wife.  —  Sir  W. 
Scott,  €hly  Mannering  (time,  George  II.). 

MacMurrongh*  "  Nan  Fottn,"  the 
family  bard  at  Glennaquoich  to  Fergoa 
M*Ivor.— Si*  W.  Scott,  Waverley  (time, 
Geoige  II.). 

Ma'ooma',  a  good  md  wise  genius, 
who  protects  the  prudent  and  pious 
agtfinst  the  wiles  of  All  evil  genii. — Sir 
C.  Morell  [J.  Ridley],  Tales  of  the  Genii 
("The  Enchanter's  Me,"  vi.,  1761). 

Sfacon,  same  as  Mahonn,  that  is, 
Mahomet.  Mecca,  the  birthplace  of  Ma- 
homet, id  sometimes  cftUea  Mmob  in 
poetry* 

•*  PntaM.- qooth  iMk  **  b*  MiMM.  wtBB  «•  nrfVL- 

FaMu. 

MaoPhadraiOk  (Miles),  a  Hiebland 
officer  under  Barealdinc  or  cn>tain  Camp- 
beU.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Bighiemd  Widmd 
(time,  George  II.). 

Maoraw  (Francie)i  tat  old  domeetie 
At  the  earl  of  Glenallan's.— Sir  W.  Sceti, 
The  Antiquary  (time,  George  III.). 

Hacready  (Pate),  a  pedlar,  the  friend 
of  Andrew  Fairservice  garfenef  «t  Osbal- 
distone  Hall.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Bob  Moy 
(time,  George  I.)« 

Mae'r^na,  the  British.  Gteat 
Britain  is  the  "  Isknd  of  the  Macreon*." 
The  word  is  H  Greek  compoond,  meaning 
"  long-lived,'*  "  because  no  one  is  pat  to 
death  tibere  for  his  religious  opinions.** 
Rabelais  says  the  island  "is  full  of 
antique  ruins  and  relics  of  popery  and 
tncient  superstitions."— Rabelais,  Pern- 
taif'ruel  (1545). 

'*#♦  Rabelais  describes  the  persecntioiiB 
which  the  Reformers  met  with  as  a  storrii 
at  sea,  in  which  Pantagruel  and  his  fieei 
were  tempest-tossed. 

Macro'bU    (''the    Umg-lived^),    all 


MACROTHirMUS. 


689 


MAD. 


EtliiopUii  Tsce,  Mud  (o  live  to  120  years 
and  upwards.  They  are  thd  handsomest 
and  tallest  of  Ml  meiiy  im  well  as  the 
leogeat  lired. 

Macroth'uxnuSy  Long-rafferinf?  per- 
MHilfied.  Fully  described  in  canto  x. 
(Greek,  mahx>thwiwij  "  long-sofferine.") 
— Phineaa  Fletcher,  The  Purple  laUind 
(1633). 


(Sir  Aroijf),  in  Zooe  h- 
la-mode,  by  C.  Hacklin  (1779).  Boaden 
says;  "To  Covent  Qarden^  G.  F<  Cooke 
[17-1(^1812]  was  a  great  adqnisition,  as  he 
was  a  *  Shy  lock/  aii  'lago/  A  'Kitely,' 
a  *sir  Archy/  and  a  *  sir  Pertinax '  [McSu' 
ctyAofU].**  Leigh  Hont  flays  that  Q.  F. 
Cooke  was  a  new  kind  of  Macklin.  and, 
like  liim,  excelled  hi  "Shylock^  and 
•*  sir  Archy  M^Sarcasm.* 

%♦  "^ylock"  in  tiie  Merchaitf  of 
Venice  (ShakestwHre)  ;  «  ii^  "  hi  OtheUo 
(Shakespeare) ;  "  Kitely  **  in  Every  Man 
m  His  Humour  (B.  Jonson)  ;  **  sir  Archy  " 
that  is,  "M'Sarcasm**:  <«8ir  Pertinax 
Medycophaol'*  in  The  Mam  of  the  World 
(Macklin). 

IfaeSillergri^,  a  Scotch  pawn- 
broker, in  search  <n  Robin  Scrawhey,  hit 
maway  apprentice,  whom  he  parsoee 
■pstHis  and  assailff  whh  bkiwfti 

Ifrt.  M^Sillergripf  the  pownbroker'a 
wife,  always  in  tenor  lest  the  oMuager 
riiovld  nay  her  indeoorooa  attentions.^ 
Ghnlet  Mathews  (At  home,  in  Multiple), 

nwAfllAMivlikli  M«ma»i  fl77S-18M]  €an%»d  «•  a 
— iMliiiii  balwewi  tlMM  UiTM  ptnooM  prodoMd  * 
tipit  Mtowtihliig  t/heL—CnUmhpwrat-p  P*pir. 

MacStin'ger  (Mra.)^  a  widow  who 
kept  lodgings  at  No.  9,  Brig  Place,  on 
the  brink  oia  canal  near  the  India  Docks. 
Captain  CutUe  lodged  there.  Mrs.  Mac- 
Sttnger  was  a  terma^^t,  and  rendered 
the  captain's  life  miserable.  He  was 
afraid  of  her,  and^  although  her  lodger, 
was  her  slave.  When  her  son  Alexander 
was  refractory,  Mrs.  MacStinger  used  to 
seat  him  on  a  cold  paving-stone.  She 
contrived  to  make  captain  Bunsby  her 
second  husband.~-<X  Dickens,  Dombey 
ami  Son  (1846). 

MaoSyo'ophant  (Sir  Pertinax)^  the 
hot-headra,  ambitions  father  of  (Charles 
Egerton.  His  love  for  Scotland  is  very 
great,  and  he  is  continually  quarrelling 
with  his  family  because  they  do  not  hold 
his  country  in  sufficient  reverence. 


1  lated  it  [rn^f  /cr^mt]  hy  booinf  ...  I  B«vtr  ooaU 
Kndgbt  in  Uw  pmeaca  of  a  great  mon.  but  alwiijn 
ad  boiMd«aailbooa«.MltVBrab]rliiatUict-Act 


Charles  iJtferton  JPS:/cophant,  son  6f 
sir  Pertinax.  E^erton  was  the  mother*s 
name.  C^arlea  ^erton  marries  0>n- 
stantiic— C.  Macklin,  The  Mam  ef  ihe 
World  (1764). 

Maotftb  (The  Hon,  Miss  Lucretia)f 
nster  of  lofd  Lofty,  and  sister-in-law  of 
lieutenant  Worthington  **  the  poor  gentle- 
man.** Miss  Lucretia  was  an  old  maid, 
**  stiff  aS  a  rftmr')d."  Being  very  poof, 
she  allowed  the  lieutenant  **  the  honoifr 
of  maintaining  her,**  fsr  irhich  "  she 
handsomely  gave  i  im  her  countenance  $  ** 
but  when  the  lieutenant  was  obliged  to 
discontinue  liis  hospitality,  she  resolved 
to  '*  countenance  a  tobacconist  of  Glas- 
gow, who  was  her  sixteenth  cousin.**— X3. 
Colman,  The  Poor  Gentleman  (1802). 

HacTavlsh  Mhor  or  Hamish 
MH'avish,  a  Highland  outlaw. 

Htspdt  M'Tavish,  or  **The  Woman  of 
the  tree,**  widow  of  MTovish  Mhor; 
**the  Highland  widow. '^  She  prevents 
her  son  from  joining  his  regiment,  in 
consequence  of  ilrhlch  he  is  shot  as  a 
deserter,  and  Elspat  goes  mad. 

Hamish  Bean  Jf *  Tavish,  son  Of  Elspat 
MTavish.  He  joins  a  Highland  regi- 
ment, and  goes  to  visit  his  mother,  who 
fives  him  a  sleeping  drought  to  detain 
im.  As  he  does  not  ioin  his  regiment  in 
time,  he  is  ailrested  for  desertion,  tried, 
and  shot  at  Dunbartnn  C^tle.— Sir  W. 
Scott,  The  Highland  Widow  (time,  Gleorge 

ICaoTurk  ( Captain  Munffo  or  Hector), 
**the  man  of  peace,"  in  ^e  managing 
committee  of  the  Spa  hotel. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  St,  Bonan's  Well  (time,  (korge 
111.). 

ICacVittie  (Fphram),  a  Glasgow 
merchant,  one  of  Osbaldistone's  creditors. 
—Sir  W.  Scott,  Hob  £oy  (time,  George 
I.). 

MaoWheeble  (Dimotm),  bailie  at 
TuUy  Veolan  to  the  baron  of  Brad  war- 
dine.— Sir  W.  Soott,  Wanerky  (time, 
George  II.). 

Mad.  The  Bedlam  of  Belgium  is 
Gheel,  where  madmen  reside  in  the  houses 
of  the  inhabitants,  generally  one  in  each 
family. 

Dymphna  was  a  woman  of  ronk,  mur- 
dered by  her  father  for  resisting  his 
incestuous  passion,  and  became  the 
tutelar  saint  of  those  stricken  in  spirit. 
A  shrine  in  time  rose  in  her  honour,  which 
for  ten  centuries  has  been  consecrated  to 


MAD  CAYAUER. 


590 


MADOC* 


the  relief  of  mental  diseases.    This  was 
the  origin  of  the  insane  colony  of  Gheel. 

Mad  Cavalier  (The),  prince  Rupert 
of  Bavaria,  nephew  of  Charles  I.  He 
was  noted  for  nis  rash  courage  and  im- 
petuosity (1619-1682). 

ICad  Ijover  (The),  a  drama  by 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher  (before  1618). 
The  name  of  the  "mad  lover"  is  Mem- 
non,  who  is  general  of  Astorax  king  of 
Paphos. 

Mad  Poet  (2^)»  Nathaniel  Lee 
(1667-1690). 

Madaei'ma  (Qu«fii),  an  important 
character  in  the  old  romance  called  Am*- 
adis  de  Gaul ;  her  constant  attendant  was 
Klis'abat,  *  famous  surgeon,  with  whom 
she  roamed  in  solitary  retreats. 

Mad'elon,  cousin  of  Cathos,  and 
daughter  of  (Jor'gibus  a  plun  citizen  of 
the  middle  rank  of  life.  These  two  silly 
girls  have  had  their  heads  turned  by 
novels,  and,  thinking  their  names  com- 
monplace, Madelon  calls  herself  Po- 
lixSna,  and  Cathos  calls  herself  Aminta. 
Two  ^ntlemen  wish  to  marry  them,  but 
the  girls  fancy  their  manners  are  too 
easy  to  be  **  stylish  ;  **  so  the  gentlemen 
send  their  valets  to  them,  as  the"'  marquis 
of  Mascarillc*'  and  the  "viscount  of 
Jodelet."  The  girls  are  delighted  with 
these  "real  gentlemen;'*  but  when  the 
farce  has  been  carried  far  enough,  the 
masters  enter  and  unmask  the  trick. 
The  girls  are  thus  taught  a  useful  lesson, 
but  are  not  subjected  to  any  serious  ill 
consequences. — Molibre,  Le4  Pr^cieusea 
RidUmlet  (1659). 

Mademoiselle.  What  is  understood 
by  this  word  when  it  stands  alone  is 
Mdlle.  de  Montpensier,  daughter  of  Gas- 
ton due  d'Orleans,  and  cousin  of  Louis 
XIV.      . 

Anne  Marie  Loolie  (fOrUftna.  dudiewe  de  Montpeader. 
eonnue  luut  le  oom  de  MademmUell;  n6e  A  Parii,  16S7 : 
Bi.  16H3 :  4Uit  111*  de  OMton  d'Oritetu  fr6re  de  Louia 
XIIL— BoMillet 

MademoitelU,  the  French  ladv*s-maid 
waiting  on  lady  Fanciful;  full  of  the 
grossest  flattery,  and  advising  her  lady- 
ship to  the  most  unwarrantable  intrigues. 
Lady  Fanciful  savs,  "The  French  are 
certainly  the  prettiest  and  most  obliging 
people.  They  say  the  most  acceptable, 
well-mannered  things,  and  never  flatter." 
When  induced  to  do  what  her  conscience 
and  education  revolted  at,  she  would 
playfully  rebuke  Mdlle.  with,  "Ah!  la 
nidchanto  Fran^oise!"  to  which  Mdlle. 


would  respond,  <*Ah!  la  belle  Anglaise!** 
—Vanbrugh,  The  Provoked  Wi/tf  (1697). 

Madffe  Wildfire,  the  insane  daogli- 
ter  of  old  Meg  Murdochson  the  gipsy 
thief.  Madge  was  a  beautiful  but  giddy 
girl,  whose  brain  was  crazed  by  seduction 
and  the  murder  of  her  in^nt. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Heart  of  Midiothian  (time,  Geoige 
IL). 

Madman  (Macedonia's),  Alexander 
the  Great  (b.c.  856,  836-828). 

Heraei  are  much  the  sune,  tiie  polnt't  asreed, 
FhxB  Macedonia'*  Madmaa  to  Um  Swede  [Ckmim  Xtl.\ 
Pope,  Anjr  en  Jr««.  It.  219  (17B). 

How  vain,  how  worn  Uian  Tain,  at  leugth  appear 
The  nMdman'a  wirii.  Ute  Macedonian  tear  1 
He  wept  fur  woridf  to  oooqoer ;  half  the  earth 
Knows  not  hk  name,  or  but  hb  death  and  bbth. 

^yron.  A§»  ttf  Bromu  (UU^ 

Madman  (The  Brilliant),  Charles  XII. 
of  Sweden  (1682, 1697-1718). 

Madman  of  the  North,  Oiailai 
XII.  of  Sweden  (1682,  1697-1718). 

Madmen  (The  Woret  of). 

For  Vlrtae'a  ttU  majr  too  mudi  seal  be  hni ; 

Ibe  wont  of  madmen  U  a  odnt  ran  mad.     

Pope,  /mttotfoM  Vireraee.  fL  (ITMi 

Ma'doo,  youngest  son  of  Owaia 
Owynedd  king  of  North  Wales  (who 
died  1169).  He  is  caUed  **Tbe  Perfect 
Prince,"  **  The  Lord  of  Ocean,"  and  is  the 
very  bean-ideal  of  a  hero.  Invincible, 
courageous,  strong,  and  daring,  but 
amiame,  merciful,  and  tender-hauted ; 
most  pious,  but  without  bigotry ;  most 
wise,  but  without  dogmatism ;  moat 
provident  and  far-seeing.  He  left  his 
native  country  in  1170,  and  ventured 
on  the  ocean  to  discover  a  new  world  ; 
his  vessels  reached  America,  and  he 
founded  a  settlement  near  the  Missouri. 
Having  made  an  alliance  with  the 
Az'tccas,  he  returned  to  Wales  for  a  fresh 
supply  of  colonists,  and  conducted  six 
ships  in  safety  to  the  new  settlement, 
called  Caer-Modoc.  War  soon  broke  out 
between  the  natives  and  the  strangers  ; 
but  the  white  men  province  the  con- 
querors, the  Az'tecas  migrated  to  Mexico. 
On  one  occasion,  being  set  upon  from 
ambush,  Madoc  was  chained  by  one  foot 
to  **  the  stone  of  sacrifice,"  and  consigned 
to  iight  with  six  volunteers.  His  first 
opponent  was  Ocell'opan,  whom  he  slew  ; 
his  next  was  TlalAla  ^*the  tiger,"  bat 
during  this  contest  Cadwallon  came  to 
the  rescue. — Southey,  Madoc  (1805). 

.  .  .  Madoc 
Put  forth  his  well-ricgal  fleet  to  sedc  hhn  foreign  groand, 
Aiid  MilM  wtat  M>  long  until  that  worid  he  fonnd  .  .  . 
Long  ere  ColumbuB  lived. 

Dnjrton,  l*efyeIMeN,  Is.  PSU). 


MADOK. 


691 


MAGIC  GARTEBS. 


(Sir),  a  Scotch  knigfat^  who 
aecnsed  queen  Guinever  of  having  poisoned 
his  brother.  Sir  Lanncelot  du  Lac  chal- 
lenged him  to  rin^le  combat,  and  over- 
threw him ;  for  which  service  king  Arthar 
gave  ^e  qneen'e  champion  La  Joyeuse 
Garde  at  a  residence. 


{Caius  Cilnms),  a  wealthy 
Roman  nobleman,  a  friend  of  Aa^ustuSi 
and  libend  patron  of  Virgil,  Horace, 
Propertios,  uid  other  men  of  genius. 
His  name  has  become  proverbial  for  a 
'^  mimificent  friend  of  hteratore"  (died 
B-c  8). 

A**  jM  BOl  called  a  theatrical  qoldnane  and  a  mock 
1  aotlMin  l-^lMridao.  Th€  Oritie, 


L1C177D. 

ICfld'xuuL  a  Bacchant,  pin.  MsBnadfl 
or  Jifffid'naaes  (3  syL).  So  called  from 
the  Greek,  mamomoi  (**  to  be  furious"^, 
becaose  they  acted  like  mad  women  in 
their  "  religious  **  festivals. 

Among  tb«  booglu  did  cwillin«  ftwcfeoi  iMa. 
Wlioai  wfld-ftrowti  MiBnads  bora. 
mm.  Fktehcr.  TU  PurpU  IdamA,  iH.  0^). 


k'ides  (4  syl,).  Homer  is  so 
called,  either  because  he  was  son  of 
MsBon,  or  because  he  was  a  native  of 
MsBon'ia  {Lydia),  He  is  also  called 
MaomiMM  Senax^  and  his  poems  Maonian 

Wlwn  gnat  MMnldes.  In  rapid  longi 
The  ttaondcring  UdooT  baUle  rolb  along, 
■acta  ravUMd  boaom  frek  tb«  high  alarmi, 
Aad  an  iIm  barulng  pokct  beat  to  amu. 

Fakooar.  Tk«  SIUyt»reck,  lU.  1  (17M). 

Mfldviad,  a  satire  by  Gifford,  on  the 
Delia  Cruscan  school  of  poetrv  (pub- 
lished 1796).  The  word  is  from'Virgil^s 
£clogue. 

Qui  Bavtam  aoo  odtt.  araot  tna  cannlna.  Ifanrl, 
Atooe  yea  Jon^U  viil|Mik  et  muigeat  hlrona. 

Virgil.  JW..  UL  »0.  n. 

Wbo  batci  aot  Bavtai.  or  on  Harlas  dotai* 
BbnAl  pkM«li  wtth  fbae*.  or  likoold  mflk  ba-goatik 

MflBfviUE^  any  rile  poet.  (See  Ba- 
vios.) 

Bat  If  fond  Bavfoa  wnt  hb  dooted  •ong, 
Or  MacThis  ekant  bis  thooo^tB  In  brothd  dMm, 

Ike  vUle«  vulgar,  in  a  moueroua  Uiroiig, 

Like  ■mnrorr  flies  about  the  donghill  swann  .  .  . 

Wh0  hates  not  one  umj  ha  the  other  Ioto. 

PtOneaa  Flatchcr.  Thm  Purpim  lOmitd,  L  (1S3S). 

ICagalo'na  {The  Fair),  daughter  of 
tiie  king  of  Naples.  She  is  the  heroine  of 
an  old  romance  of  chivalry,  originally 
written  in  French,  but  translated  iuto 
Spanish  in  the  fifteenth  century.  Cer- 
vantes alludes  to  this  romance  in  Don 
Qmxote,  The  main  incident  of  the  story 
turns  on  a  flying  horse  made  by  Merlin, 
which  came  into  the  possession  of  Peter 
^  Provence. — The  History  of  the  Fair 


Magalona  and  Peter  Son  of  the  Count  of 
Provence. 

*#*  Tieck  has  reproduced  the  history 
of  Magalona  in  German  (1773-1853). 

Mage  Negro  King,  Gaspar  king  of 
Tarshish,  a  black  Ethiop,  and  tafiest 
of  the  three  Magi.  His  offering  was 
myrrh,  indicative  of  death. 

Aa  tiM  Maga  MfTO  king  to  Oiriat  the  baba. 

Bobert  Browning.  iMrta,  L 

Maggots  of  the  Brains.  Swift 
says  it  was  the  opinion  of  certain  virtuosi 
that  the  brain  is  filled  with  little  mag- 
gots, and  that  thought  is  produced  by 
their  biting  the  nerves. 

To  tidde  tha  magsoC  bom  In  aa  empty  bead. 

IbnnjrsiNi,  Mtnud,  IL  r.  S. 

Maggy,  the  half-witted  grand- 
daughter of  Little  Dorrit*8  nurse.  She 
had  had  a  fever  at  the  age  of  ten,  from 
ill-treatment,  and  her  mind  and  intellect 
never  went  beyond  that  period.  Thus,  if 
asked  her  age,  she  always  replied,  "  Ten ; " 
and  she  always  reneated  the  last  two  or 
three  words  of  wnat  was  said  to  her. 
She  called  Amy  Dorrit  *'  Little  Mother.** 

She  was  about  eight  and  twen^.  with  large  boiMa. 
kuge  reaturss.  torge  feet  and  bands,  large  eyes,  and  no 
hair,  tier  large  «>-«•  ware  llmplil  and  almost  colourkai ; 
they  seemed  to  be  very  little  alTecled  by  light,  aiid  to 
stand  unnMturally  sUlL  There  was  also  that  attenUve 
Utteiiins  ekpreadon  In  her  face,  which  Is  seen  in  Uie  bees 
of  the  blind :  hot  she  was  not  biiitd.  having  one  tol<v>bly 
serviceable  eye.  Her  Cue  was  not  exceedingly  ug!/.  I>elng 
rs'leemed  by  a  smile. ...  A  great  white  cap.  with  a  qaan> 
tity  of  oi«que  fHUing  .  .  .  apologized  for  Meggy's  bald- 
nesB.  and  made  It  so  dlfflcalt  for  her  oM  black  bonnet  to 
retain  Its  place  open  her  head,  that  H  held  on  round  her 
neck  like  a  gipsy's  baby.  .  .  .  The  rest  of  her  drea 
rewnililed  sea  weed,  with  here  and  there  a  gigantic  tea* 
leaf.  Her  shawl  k>okcd  like  a  huge  tea-leaf  after  long 
Infudon.— C.  DIckans.  iAM*  Lorrit,  \x.  (18B7). 

Magi  or  Three  kings  of  Cologne^  the 
"  wise  men  from  the  Kast,*^  who  followed 
the  guiding-star  to  the  manner  in  Beth- 
lehem with  offerings.  Melchior  kinj^  of 
Nubia,  the  shortest  of  the  three,  oflered 

fold,  indicative  of  royalty;  Balthazar 
ing  of  Chaldea  offered  frahkiocense,  in- 
dicative of  divinity ;  and  Gaspar  king 
of  Tarshbfa,  a  black  Ethiop,  the  tallest 
of  the  three,  offered  myrrh,  symbolic  of 
death. 

Blelchior  means  "  king  of  light ;  **  Bal- 
thazar, **  lord  of  treasures  ;**  and  Gaspar 
or  Caspar,  **  the  white  one.** 

*^*  Klopstock,  in  his  Messiah^  makes 
the  Magi  six  in  number,  and  gives  the 
names  as  Hadad,  Selima,  Zimri,  Mirja, 
Beled,  and  Sunith.— Bk.  v.  (1771). 

Magic  Garters.  No  horse  can  keep 
up  with  a  man  furnished  with  these  gar- 
ters. They  are  made  thus :  Strips  of  the 
skin  of  a  young  hare  are  cut  two  inches 


UAGIC  KIK08.    S 

wide,  tad  loBH  InoUienrart,  jeered  in 
the  fint  iefitet  of  the  Bien  C»nriconi  md 
a  mlo  l!ie»e  Jtiips, 

SrMn  an  to  be  worn  u  other  mrten.— 
,  SetttU  MtrwtlUnx  do  fttll  Aibtrt. 

Lmitilliiw,  nu  DMbia  ^vu  IIIW). 
MavloBliWS,  like  tbMwIiisIiaif gen, 
iiiiD<A!(«r  to  Ling  Ondanlci  or  Lj'dia, 
foHad  in  tbe  fisnka  of  ■  brMeo  hofM. 
Bj  Ineana  of  tbla  ring,  whioh  mada  ila 
wearer  intiaibk,  Gfgei  firit  diihonorHl 
the  qoMii,  and  t)i«n,  with  her  auiataaaa, 
awaaainatwl  the  kioi)  and  nmrpsd  fail 
throne.  Pkitcft  RtpuMiei  OttrnfiOffi^tt. 

Uaf^e Staff (7i^).  ThisBlaflwoDld 
Knarantee  the  bearer  from  all  the  perils 
and  miahapi  incideoUl  to  travellera.  No 
robber    nor   wild    beaaC,    □□    mad    doEi 

hurt  ita  posBesBnr.  The  ataff  conaiited 
at  a  willow  branch,  pithered  on  the  eve  of 
All  Sainta'  Day  ;  the  pith  beinir  removed, 
two  eye*  of  i  young  w 
and  heart  of  a  dog,  thre 


the  hi 


taoftb 


nUowe 


■in  gather 
the  Raptiata  Day,  and  a  atone  taken 
from  a  lapwing's  neat,  were  inaerted  in 
the  place  of  the  pltb.  The  toe  of  the 
Man  waa  fumiahed  with  an  iron  ferrule; 
and  the  handle  waa  of  box,  or  any  other 
material,  accord inji to  fancy.— '£«  Becreit 
Hemilleaxd)  Fetil  Albert,  180. 

Hagla  Wanda.  The  hermit  gave 
Charles  the  Dane  and  Ubaldn  a  wand, 
which,  being  shalien,  infused  lerror  into 
nil  who  aaw  it Tasao,  Jerusalem  De- 
livered (1B7B). 

The    palmer    Who     accompanied     ail 


iBOftl 


caducena. — Spenser,    fHiTyj    Qucm, 
(1590). 

ICcwIolan  of  tha  IVarth  (The), 
air  Walter  Soott  (1T7I-IS82). 

•»*  Johann  Gcorg  Hamann  of  Prussia 
called  himself  '"I^e  Uagician  of  the 
North  "  (17i(0-lT88), 

ICaellftbeahi,  the  greateat  hook- 
worm that  ever  lived.  He  devoured 
booka,  and  never  forgot  anrthin^  he  had 
Itad.    U«  had  alaa  ao  exact  a  memory, 


that  he  aoiild  tail  tb<  pncite  place  and 
ahelf  of  a  book,  M  well  ■■  the  volinnc  and 
page  of  any  |iaaaBge  feqaired.     He  waa 


ill.    Ilia  n«nat  dim 
boiled  («gB  and  a  diaaght  ot  watai  (K3B- 
1714). 
XagiDil,  the  ooqwetfe  of  Aafaaon. 


Magnaaimona  (TKi),  Alfaaao  Vt 
Ara«on  fIS86,  14IS-1468). 

Khoaru  or  Cboaroesf  tlie  tveotr-BrM  rf 
the  Sasaanldea,  waa  eamamed  'A'oiwAir- 
inm  ("Magnanimona")  (*,  631-579). 

Ma^iutiKi,  one  of  the  leaden  of  the 
rabljle  tint  aUacked  Hadibna  at  a  Wr- 
baiting.     The  character  ia  deai^ned  fM 

independent  preacher  aa  BninniglM.  He 
oaed  to  style  Cromwell  "the  archangel 
who  did  battle  with  the  dwiL"— 8.  BnU 
ler,  Budibras,  i.  i  (1668), 

Ma^etlo  Moontaln  (7A>);  This 
mountain  drew  out  alt  the  fiails  and  iron 
bolts  of  my  ship  which  approaAcd  it, 
thna  causing  it  to  lall  to  pldeea, 

na  imir  cHH  Inm  Mu  dHnciln .  .  .oantm  ottr- 
Uinm.— JnUuJXrWl'^niTkMCdiaaif^ 

Hagnlfloent  ( The),  Khoan  oi  Cboa- 
n)«9  I.  of  Peraid  (*,  &3I-ST9). 

Lorenzo  de  Ucdici  (1448-1492). 

Robert  due  de  Normandie;  called  La 
2>iiWsalao  (•,  1028-1035). 

Suliman  I.,  greatest  of  the  Tnrkiih 
anitans  (1498,  1520-I&6fi). 

Magog,  aceorditig  to  Stek.  xxxriii., 
xixix.,  was  a  CounttJ  or  people  over 
•rhom  Gog  wat  prince.  Some  say  (he 
Gotha  are  meuni,  others  the  Peniain, 
others  the  Scytbiana  or  the  norflieA 
nations  of  Europe  generally. 

Sate  aaya  that  Mn^'ocr  ia  the  tribe  called 
by  Ptolemy  "  Gilan,"  and  by  Stmbo 
"Geli"  or  "GeUe."— ji(  JTurdn,  xktUl. 
Hole.    (See  Goo.J 


HagooDOO  (!  vl.),  Anuiael  Cutk 

Jbcrtoio,  Uia  cbam|iioa  of  iMbcI 
-f  Portug^,  who  — ■--- -■  -    • —   - 


Moffwitch  (AM),  m  corfTiot  M  K 
the  u^DowD  father  ol  ErtelU,  wbo  » 
•ds^tod  tioiu  infuc;  by  Uiaa  tlaTiabai 
Um  du«btcT  of  >  rich  bmktr,  T 
cmricLliaTiDg  made  his  CKspe  U  An 
tnlia,  Mcaine  ■  succcuful  shcfp  fsmM 
ud  Knt  money  McreUy  to  Mr.  Jtggtl 
■  Loddoa  lawyer,  to  ednste  Pip  .-i 
pnUeman.  When  Pip  wu  *3  yean  ol 
Magiritcb  returned  to  En^laad,  under  kl 

acked  1 

,  ,       ,    arrfated,  eo 

o  death,  and  died  in  jail.     A 

bii  money  was  con  A  seated.— C.  Dkku 

SraU  EipectalioK*  (1860). 

Mfthmnt,  the  "Turkish  Spy,"  w1 


Orlict 


londiM 


'ariit  for  fort; 


tre  years,  revenlm"  to  his  (lovemme 
>U  the  intrigaea  of  tba  Chnatim  mat 
(lCS7-16n). 

ttkbomet  or  MoHAXMEn,  tbe  Utui 
knt  taken  by  Halabi,  founder  Of  laU 


Toltaire   i 


and  Jan 


t  Miller,  ii 


il¥3,  prodDced  bb  knf:1fih  ti 
■arae,  callwl  Mahumei  tht  /mpottor.  Thn 
■eheme  of  the  pUy  is  tbii :  Mahomet  ia 
laving  aie^  to  Mecca,  and  haa  in  hia 
eniD  l^Dhna  and  Palmira,  taken  captnea 
in  diildhood  and  bronzbt  up  It  hln. 
They  are  really  the  ehildren  of  Ateannr 


the  ohiaf  of  Mecca,  b 


MAHOMETS  COFFIN. 


694 


MAID  OF  BATH. 


Alcanor,  pretending  that  it  is  God's  wilL 
Zaphna  obeys  the  behest,  is  told  that 
Alcanor  is  his  father,  and  is  poisoned. 
Mahomet  asks  Palmira  in  marriage,  and 
she  stabs  herself. 


J.  Bumiiter  |170»-1S38]  iMna  bb  staaelcwMr  In 
tnwedjr.  and  pbuFcd  *' BfidMinet.^  Gwrridt . .  .  MiMd  him 
what  dMumetar  h«  wUied  to  plagr  next.  "Whr,"  Mid 
Bumiiter.  •"  Oroonoko. '  *  •*Ih,ahl*'MldDaHil.itarlng 
•t  Aumlcter.  who  wai  v«7  tUn ;  "  Bk.  di  I  jroi  wffl  kwk  M 
much  Hk*  'Oroonoko'  ma  ehlmiMgr-cvecfwr  lo  oonmup* 
tloo.-— T.  GuDpbeU. 

Mahomet's  Coffin  is  said  to  be 
suspended  in  mid-air.  The  wise  ones 
affirm  that  the  coffin  is  of  iron,  and  is 
suspended  by  the  means  of  loadstones, 
llie  faithful  assert  it  is  held  up  by  four 
angels.  Burckhardt  says  it  is  not  sus- 
pended at  all.    A  marabout  told  Labat : 

Quo  le  tombMa  d«  Mahomet  ^toit  portA  en  Fair  par  le 
moyen  de  oertaina  Anon  qui  m  relajrent  d'heore  eo  hearea 

rar  KMtenir  oe  {anfeaa. — Labat.  A/rique  OoeUtnialt, 
143  (ITSSK 

The  balance  alwajn  would  hang  even. 

Like  Mah'mat'i  tomb  twist  earth  and  heaven. 

Prior,  Alma,  IL  IM  (1717). 

Mahomet's  Dove,  a  dove  which 
Mahomet  taught  to  pick  seed  placed  in 
his  ear.     Hie  bird  would  perch  on  the 

Erophet*s  shoulder  and  thrust  its  bill  into 
is  ear  to  find  its  food;  but  Mahomet 
gave  out  that  it  was  the  Holy  Ghost,  in 
the  form  of  a  dove,  sent  to  impart  to  him 
the  counsels  of  God. — Dr.  Prideaux,  Life 
of  Mahomet  (1697) ;  sir  W.  Raleigh,  Bts- 
tory  of  the  World,  I.  i.  6  (1614). 

Inxtanoe  proud  Mahomet .  . . 
Tbe  Mcred  dove  whlapering  Into  hit  ear. 
That  what  his  will  tmpoad,  the  worid  mint  fcar. 
Lord  Brooke.  J)aeHnmtion  nf  ai*nar6kU,  Ue.  (19M-1S98). 

Wa>  Mahomet  InsplrM  with  a  dovet 

Tbou  with  an  eagle  art  io«pirU  iJoam  ^  Are\. 

Shakeqieare.  1  Henrv  K/.  actL  ac  S  (1M0). 

Mahomefs  EnowlecUe  of 
Svents.  Mahomet  in  his  coffin  is  in- 
formed by  an  angel  of  every  event  which 
occurs  respecting  the  faithful. 

n  eit  Tlrant  dans  son  torobeau.  n  Calt  la  prMre  dana 
ea  tombeau  k  ebaque  fola  que  le  crieur  en  fidt  la  prodama- 
tkm.  et  au  ni«mo  teou  ou'ou  la  recite,  n  y  a  un  auge 
po8t6  inr  aon  tombeau  qui  a  le  aoin  de  hd  donner  avis  des 
pritees  que  lee  fiddles  bmt  pour  loL— Oagoier.  YU  tU  Ma- 
komst,  vU.  18  (17S3). 

Mahomet  of  the  North,  Odin, 
both  legislator  and  supreme  deity. 

Mahoud,  son  of  a  rich  jeweller  of 
Delhi,  who  ran  through  a  large  fortune 
in  riotous  living,  and  men  bound  himself 
tn  service  to  Bennaskar,  who  proved  to 
be  a  magician.  Mahoud  impeached  Ben- 
aaskar  to  the  cadi,  who  sent  officers  to 
seize  him ;  but,  lo !  Mahoud  had  been 
metamorphosed  into  the  likeness  of  Ben- 
aaskar,  and  was  condemned  to  be  burnt 
alive.  When  the  pile  was  set  on  fire, 
H ahoud  became  a  toad,  and  in  this  form 


met  the  sultan  Misnar,  his  vizier  Ilonm, 
and  the  princess  Hemju'nah  of  Cassimir, 
who  had  been  changed  into  toads  also. — 
Sir  C.  Morell  [J.  Ridley],  Taies  of  the 
Genii  C  The  Enchanter's  Tale,"  vi.,  1761). 

Mahound  or  Mahoun,  a  name  of 

contempt  for  Mahomet  or  any  pagan  god. 

Hence  Ariosto  makes  Ferrau  ** blaspheme 

his  Mahoun  and  Termagant*'  (Orlando 

i\irtoso,  xii.  59). 

Fitter  lor  a  turban  for  Mahoond  or  Tsmagant.  tliMk  A 
haad  gear  of  a  reasonable  creature;.— Sir  W.  Sooct. 

Mahu,  the  fiend-prinoe  that  urges  to 
theft 


Fi*e  Sends  have  been  In  poor  Tom  at  once:  of  tet.  aa 
CNiUkut:  Hobklklaoee.  prioee  oT  donfanea:  Maho.  ef 
■tMUin«;llodo.  ofmorder;  and  Flibbert^lbbM.  of  iwi|»- 
idnit  and  movliif.— Siakeepeara.  Mint  Ltar,  act  tar.  ac  1 

(laos). 

Maid  Ma'rian,  a  name  assumed  by 

Matilda,  dau^ter  of  Robert  lord  Fitz- 

walter,  while  Kobin  Hood  remained  in  a 

state  of  outlawry.      She  was    poisoned 

with  a  poached  egg  at  Dunmow  Priory, 

by  a  messenger  of  aing  John  sent  for  the 

pirpose.    This  was  b^use  Marian  was 

loved    by  tbe   king,   but  rejected  him. 

Drayton  has  written  her  legend. 

He  to  his  mbtreta  dear,  his  k»T«d  Marian. 
Was  ever  eonstant  known ;  which  whereeoelar  die 
Was  •oTereign  of  the  woods,  diief  ImI 
Her  clothes  tucked  to  tbe  knee,  and 


Was  soTereign  ot  the  woods,  diief  ImIt  of  tbe  game. 

uid  daintr  tanlded  hair. 
With  bow  and  quiver  armed,  she  wandcfed  here  and  then 


8ueb 


the  forest  wild.    Diana  never  knew 
nor  such  harts  as  Mariana  slew. 


Maid  Marian,  introduced  into  the  May- 
day morris-dance,  was  a  boy  dressed  in 
girl's  clothes.  She  was  ()ueen  of  the  May, 
and  used  to  wear  a  tinsel  crown,  and 
carry  in  her  left  hand  a  flower.  Her  coif 
was  purple,  her  surcoat  blue,  her  cnffs 
white,  the  skirts  of  her  robe  yellow,  the 
sleeves  carnation,  and  the  stomacher  red 
with  yellow  cross  bars.  (See  Morsis- 
Danck.) 

Maid  of  Athens,  There'sa  MacxL 
rendered  famous  by  Byron*s  song,  **  Maid 
of  Athens,  fare  thee  well ! "  Twcnty-foor 
years  after  this  song  was  writtoi,  an 
En^^lishman  sought  out  **the  Athenian 
maid,"  and  found  a  beggar  without  a 
single  vestige  of  beauty.  She  was  mar- 
ried and  had  a  large  family;  but  the 
struggle  of  her  life  was  to  find  bread 
to  keep  herself  and  family  from  positive 
starvation. 

Maid  of  Bath  {The),  Miss  Linle3% 
who  married  R.  B.  Sheridan.  Samuel 
Foote  wrote  a  farce  entitled  The  Maid  of 
Bath,  in  which  he  gibbets  Mr.  Walter 
Long  under  the  name  of  "  Flint." 


MAID  OF  HONOUR. 


595 


MAIDEN. 


Maid  of  Honour  (T:^),  by  P.  Haa- 
smcer  (1637).  Cami'ola,  a  very  wealthy, 
hi{;^-ininded  lady,  was  in  love  with  prince 
Bertoldo,  hrother  of  Roberto  king  of  the 
Two  Sicilies ;  but  Bertoldo,  being  a  knight 
of  Malta,  could  not  nutrry  without  a 
diapenaatioB  from  the  pope.  While 
matters  were  in  this  state,  bertoldo  led 
aa  army  against  Aurelia  duchess  of 
Sicmia,  and  was  taken  prisoner.  Camidla 
paid  his  ransom,  and  Aurelia  commanded 
the  prisoner  to  be  brought  before  her. 
Bertoldo  came ;  the  ducbess  fell  in  love 
with  him  and  offered  marriage,  and  Ber- 
toldo, foivetful  of  Camiola,  accepted  the 
offu*.  The  betrothed  then  presented 
themselves  to  the  king,  when  Camiola 
expoaed  the  conduct  of  Bertoldo.  The 
kii^  was  indignant  at  the  basonesa, 
Aurelia  rejected  Bertoldo  with  scorn,  and 
Gamiola  took  the  veil. 

Maid  of  Mariendorpt  (The),  a 
drama  by  S.  Knowles,  based  on  Miss 
Porter's  novel  of  7%tf  Viilage  of  Marien- 
dorpt  (1888).  The  "maid*'  is  Meeta, 
daughter  of  Mahldenau  minister  of 
Mariendorpt,  and  betrothed  to  major 
Rupert  Roselheim.  The  plot  is  this: 
Maiildenau  starts  for  Prague  in  search  of 
Meeta*s  sister,  who  fell  into  some  soldiers* 
hands  in  infuicy  during  the  siege  of  Mag- 
debnri^.  On  entering  Prague,  he  is  seized 
as  a  spy,  and  condemned  to  death.  Meeta, 
hearing  of  his  capture,  walks  to  I^rague 
to  ptoul  for  his  life,  and  finds  that  the 
goTenM>r's  "  daughter  **  b  her  lost  sister. 
Bnpert  storms  ue  prison  and  releases 
MaUde 


Maid  ofVorwaT,  Margaret,  daugh- 
ter of  Eric  II.  and  Msjr^ret  of  Norway, 
^e  was  betrothed  to  Edward,  son  of 
Edward  I.  of  England,  but  died  on  her 
(1290). 


Maid  of  Orleans,  Jeanne  d*  Arc, 
famoos  for  having  raised  the  si^^  of 
Oricduis,  held  by  the  English.  The  general 
tradition  is  that  she  was  burnt  alive  as  a 
witch,  but  thU  is  doubted  (1412-1431). 

Maid  of  Perth  {Fair),  Catharine 
Gloirer,  daughter  of  Simon  Glover,  the 
<M  ^over  of  Perth.  She  kisses  Henrv 
SmiUi  while  asleep  on  St.  Valentines 
morning,  and  ultimately  marrias  him. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Fair  Maid  of  Perth  (time, 
Henry  IV.). 

Maid  of  Saragosa,  An^^tina, 
noted  for  her  heroism  at  the  siege  of 
Snmgoza,  1808-9.— See  Southey's  //is- 
torjf  of  tie  FcfUntular  War, 


Bar  lorff  ■Inkt-die  aheda  no  tnUmed  toar ; 

Her  chitf  it  dain— riie  fllla hto  fatnl  poat; 
Her  fdlowB  flee— ah*  obedu  Uielr  baae  eumt ; 

The  foe  retim— ahe  tieadt  Uie  nlljriog  boat. 
.  .  .  Uie  fljring  (kul. 
Foiled  by  a  womin't  hand  before  e  battled  welL 

Qjrron.  ChUd»  JlaroUL,  L  M  (UKW).  . 

Medd  of  the  Mill  (The),  an  opera 
by  Isaac  Bickerstaff.  Patty,  the  daugh- 
ter of  Fairfield  the  miller,*  was  brought 
up  by  lord  Aim  worth's  mother.  At  the 
death  of  lady  Aim  worth,  Patty  returned 
to  the  mill,  and  her  father  promised  her 
in  marriage  to  Farmer  Giles ;  but  Patty 
refused  to  marry  him.  Lord  Aimworth 
about  the  same  time  betrothed  himself  to 
Theodosia,  the  daughter  of  sir  Harry 
Svcamore :  but  the  young  lady  loved  Mr. 
Mervin.  When  lord  Aimworth  knew  of 
this  attachment,  he  readily  yielded  up  his 
betrothed  to  the  man  of  her  choice,  and 
selected  for  his  bride  Patty  "  the  maid  of 
the  mUl  **  (1766). 

Maid  of  the  Oaks  (The),  a  two-act 
drama  by  J.  Bur^ovne.  Maria  "the 
maid  of  the  Oaks**  is  brought  up  by  Old- 
worth  of  Oldworth  Oaks  as  his  ward,  but 
is  informed  on  the  eve  of  her  marriage 
with  sir  Harrv  Grovebv  that  she  is  Old- 
worth*8  daugliter.  "fhe  under-plot  is 
between  sir  Cnarles  Dupely  and  lady  Bab 
Lardoon.  Dupely  professed  to  despise 
all  women,  and  lady  Lardoon  was  **the 
princess  of  dissipation ; "  but  after  they 
fell  in  with  each  other,  Dupelv  confcsseii 
that  he  would  abjure  his  creed,  and  lady 
Lardoon  avowed  that  henc^orth  she 
renounced  the  world  of  fashion  and  its 
follies. 

Maid*8Tpagedy(rAe).  The"maid" 
is  Aspa'tia  the  troth-plight  wife  of  Amiu- 
tor,  who,  at  the  king  s  command,  is  made 
to  marry  Evad'ne  (8  syl.).  Her  death 
forms  the  tragical  event  which  gives  name 
to  the  drama. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher 
(1610). 

(The  scene  between  Antony  and  Ven- 
tidius,  in  Dryden's  tragedy  of  All  for 
LovCf  is  copied  from  The  Maid's  Traucdt^^ 
where  **  Melantius  **  answers  to  Venti- 
dius.) 

Maiden  (The),  a  kind  of  guillotine, 
introduced  into  Scotland  by  the  regent 
Morton,  who  was  afterwards  behesded  by 
it.  The  ** maiden**  resembled  in  form 
a  painter's  easel  about  ten  feet  high. 
The  victim  placed  his  head  on  a  cross- 
bar some  four  feet  from  the  bottom,  kept 
in  its  place  by  another  bar.  In  the  inner 
edges  of  the  frame  were  grooves,  in  which 
slid  a  sharp  axe  weighted  with  lead  and 


HAIDEKT  KING. 


596 


BLA^tADE  IMACmAlftE. 


foppoited  by  a  long  cord.  When  all  was 
ready^  the  cord  was  cat  and  down  fell  the 
axe  wifh  a  thud. — Pennant,  Tour  in  Soot- 
land,  Hi.  865  (1771). 

'Hie  mifor^mito  evi  [Argpff]  ^nm  a|>polnt«l  to  be 
beh«Mled  b^  tb*  "  ikiaidM.''-8ir  W.  Sbott.  ral^  ^  « 
QmMfiUker,  fl.  8S. 

The  ItAliMt  imtnnneikt  of  execot!on  «m  odled  the 
HMKMsfs.  Tb»  iipparatiM  «u  erected  oA  a  ■oaffokl ;  the 
■xe  «■•  pieced  betveen  tvo  pcrpendicofain. ...  In  Scot* 
land  the  liu<niinent  of  execution  wm  en  Inferior  rarMjr 
«l  the  tiMffinata.— IfnMofrt  of  tk*  Saitatmt,  L  SIT. 

It  Mao*  pretty  dau-thiu  the  "nMiden**.  .  .  kineraly 
A  ooffrapdea  of  the  haikn  mwuiala.— A.  G. 


Maiddn  King  (The),  Makolm  lY. 

of  Scotkuid  (1141, 115»-1165>. 

Maiooliii.  .  .  .  ion  df  tiM  bniTe  and  spnerout  prlnee 
Ifennr.  .  .  .  «w  w  kind  and  oentle  la  hie  dkBoeitkni, 
that  be  wae  maaUjr  called  Meloolm  "  the  lliddea?--Sb- W. 
Bcott,  TttUt  ^  a  erttm4fmth€r,  ft. 

Mfliden  ^ueen  (7^),  Elizabeth  of 
EngUnd  (1533,  1558-1603). 

Maiden  of  the  Micit  (The),  Anne 
of  Geierstein,  daughter  of  count  Albert 
of  Gcietatehi.  She  is  the  baroness  of 
Amheim. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Anne  of  Qeier- 
itein  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Maidens'  Castle  {The),  on  the 
Severn*  It  was  taken  from  a  duke  b^ 
seven  knights,  and  held  by  them  till  sir 
Galahad  exp^ed  them.  It  was  called 
*/The  Maidens'  Castle"  because  these 
knights  made  a  vow  that  every  maiden 
who  passed  it  should  be  made  a  captive. 
This  IB  an  all^ory« 

The  Cortlt  of  MaMeM  betokena  (he  food  noli  that  wen 
bi  prison  afore  the  incarnation  of  Christ.  Andtttewreo 
kntghu  betoken  the  aeveft  deedljr  dttf  «1dch  hilgfted  Ih 
the  workt.  .  .  .  And  tl«  food  kni^t  Mr  QfUahad  nia|r 
be  UkeiMd  to  the  Bon  of  the  High  Father,  that  Light 
within  a  maUen  which  brought  all  aoula  oat  of  thraldom, 
—air  T.  Malory.  BUtor^  <^  /Vinee  Arthur,  111.  44  (U70). 

Mailsetter  {Mrs,),  keeper  of  the 
Fairport  post-office. 

Davie  Mailsetter,  her  son. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  The  Antiquary  (time,  George  III.>. 

Maimou'ne  (3  si//.),  a  fairy,  daughter 
of  Damriat  **  king  of  a  legion  of  genii.** 
When  the  nrincess  Badoura^  in  her  sleep, 
was  carried  to  the  bed  of  pnnce  Camaral'- 
xaman  to  be  shown  to  nim,  Maimoun6 
changed  herself  into  a  flea,  and  bit  the 
prince's  neck  to  wake  him.  Whereupon 
ne  sees  the  sleeping  prineess  by  his  side, 
falls  in  love  with  her,  and  afterwards 
marries  her. — Arabian  Nights  (**Caiiui- 
ralzaman  and  Badoura  "). 


i'muna  or  Mainm'na,  oin  of 

the  sorceresses  of  Dom-Daniel,  who  re- 
pents and  turns  to  Allah.  Thal'aba  first 
encounters  her,  disguised  as  an  old 
woman  spinning  the  finest  tSiread.    He 

greatly  marvels  at  its  extreme  fineness, 
ut  she  tells  him  he  cannot  snap  it; 


whereupon  he  winds  it  round  his  two 
wrists,  and  becomes  powerless.  Maiinnna, 
with  her  sister-sorcefess  Rhwala,  then 
carry  him  to  the  island  of  Moha'reb, 
where  he  is  held  in  durance ;  but  Mal> 
muna  releases  him,  repents,  and  dies. — 
Southey,  ThtUaba  the  Destroyer,  ix. 
(1797). 

Mainote  (^syl-),  a  pirate  who  iftfesls 
t3ie  coast  of  Attics. 

...  boat 
Of  likpd-firttto  or  Mainote. 

^rron.  The  Olatir  cmA 


(Richard),  out  of  whom  the 
Jesuits  cast  the  Seven  deadly  sins,  each 
in  tiie  form  of  some  representative  a^- 
mal.  As  each  devil  came  forth,  Mainy 
indicated  the  special  sin  by  some  trick  oir 
gesture.  Thus,  for  pride  he  pretended  to 
curl  his  hair,  for  ghitUmy  to  votoit,  for 
sloth  to  gape,  and  so  on« — Bishop  Hars- 
nett.  Declaration  of  Popish  Imposttare*, 
27d,280. 

Maitland  (T^onufo),  the  pseudonym 
of  Robert  Buchanan  in  The  Contemporary 
Review,  when  he  attacked  the  <' Fleshly 

school.'* 

Malachi,  fbe  canting,  preaching 
assistant  of  Thomas  Tumbull  a  sniuf^ 
gler  and  schoolmaster. — Sir  W.  Scoti, 
Medgauntlet  (time,  George  III.). 

Malaeoda,  the  fiend  seM  as  an  enroy 
to  Virgil,  when  he  condocted  DanM 
Qtrough  heH.^-Dantd,  HeH,  xxi.  (18e0)« 

Malade  Imaginaire  (Xe)^  Mom. 
Argan,  who  took  seven  mixtures  and 
twelve  lavements  in  one  month  instead 
of  twelve  mixtures  with  twenty  lave- 
ments, as  he  had  hitherto  done.  *'  No 
wonder,"  he  says,  "he  is  not  so  well." 
He  fancies  his  wife  loves  him  dearly, 
and  that  his  daughter  is  andutiinl,  be- 
cause she  declines  to  nmrfy  a  yc»«M^ 
medical  prig  instead  of  Cl^ante  (3  ay/.) 
whom  she  loves.  His  brother  persnadea 
"^e  malade"  to  connterfek  death,  lb 
order  to  test  the  sincerit]f  of  hi:!  wife  and 
daughter.  The  wife  rejoices  creatly  at 
his  death,  and  proceeds  to  filch  his  pro- 
perty, when  Argan  starts  up  and  imta  an 
end  to  her  pillage.  Kext  comes  ihe 
daughter's  turn.  When  she  hears  of  her 
father's  death,  she  bewails  him  with  ^reat 
grief,  says  she  has  lost  her  best  fnend, 
and  that  she  will  devote  her  whole  life 
in  prayer  for  the  repose  of  his  ttmL 
XrgsXL  IS  delighted,  starts  up  in  a  frenzy 
of  joy,  declares  she  is  a  darling,  and 
shall  marry  the  man  of  her  choice  ueely. 


KAULGJGI. 


m 


MiXBBOUGH. 


U  Mgla4e  /ma^maire  (1^3). 

Malagi'nL  spn  fd  Bwfir»,  brother  oi 
Aldiger  Mid  viviM  («f  CUnnont'8  raoe^j 

ooe  of  CliuU)o«^e*«iMMadin«>.Mi4  cousia 
of  RlnAldo.  Being  brought  m^  by  the 
fahy  OruJidit,  he  beoiMne  #  great  en- 
ehaoter^— ArioftQ)  OriaH<ioiV(r^(1516). 

Xalagri'da  (CMfHel),  na  lUlian 
Jesuit  and  njMadonary  to  Brazil,  who 
wu  accused  of  conspiring  agaiiut  the 
kiag  of  Portugal  (1689-1761). 

Lord  Shelbome  was  nicknamed  '*Malf- 
grida.**  He  was  a  zealous  oppositionist 
daoiig  loid  Nc.rtlt*«  jidimnit^on  <1787- 
IM6). 

I  sew  «ndd  coneefrc  wtiy  thay  call  foa  '  mSSdtJJqr 
Mala^lda  VM  »  vot7  ^xid  aort  of  a  man."  .  .  .  fl«  meaat 
iMir.  «r  MftagcW»  mi|»  ^  "  89od  NIC  9(  •  BMA,"  h«  eoald 


bo^  It 


a  word  of  BBproaah.^W. 


(Sir  Mtmgo)^  a 
crabbed  old  eouitier,  soured  hy  nusfor- 
tone,  and  peeviidi  from  infirmities.  He 
tries  to  msjce  every  one  as  sour  and  dis- 
contented as  himself. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
i^srhmeM  of  NigH  (time,  iames  I.). 

^ialagroictAer  {Maiuchi).  ^ir  Walter 
Scott,  '*On  the  proposed  change  of 
currency,  etc.  '*  (18-46)^ 

Lockhart  says  that  these  "  diatribes  pro- 
duced in  Scotland  a  sensation  not  inferior 
to  tiiat  of  tiie  Drapier's  letters  in  Ire- 
bnd.**    They  came  out  in  tiie  Edinburgh 

MalfMmbra'no,  a  nant,  first  cousin 
to  queen  UaguBcia  of  Candaya.  **  Ex- 
dttsive  of  his  natural  barbarity,  Malam- 
hruno  was  also  a  wizard/'  who  enchanted 
don  Clavijo  and  the  princess  Antono- 
■jMJa  the  former  into  a  crocodile  of 
soma  anknown  metal,  and  the  latter  into 
a  monkey  of  brass.  The  giant  sent  don 
QoixoCe  tiie  wooden  horse,  and  was  ap- 
"by  the  simple  attempt  of  the 
to  disenchant  the  victima  of  his 

pleasnre.*" — Ccirantes,  Don  Qui^te^ 
U.  ill.  4,  5  (1615). 

Kalapn^  {Mrt,)^  aunt  and  guardian 
to  Lydia  Languiah  the  heiress.  Mrs. 
Malaptrop  sets  her  cap  at  sir  Lucius 
OTngger,  "a  tall  Ijifvi  baronet,"  and 
corresponds  with  him  under  the  name  of 
Delia.  Sir  Lucius  fancies  it  is  the  niece, 
sndj  when  he  discovers  bis  mistake,  de- 
rbaes  the  honour  of  marriage  with  the 
aunt.  Mrs.  Malaprop  is  a  synonym  for 
Hmm  who  misapply  worda  without  mi>- 
pnMionncing  thraa.    Thus  lirs.  Maiaprop 


talks  of   p.  DerbusAire  putrefactioH,  apr 

aiUgory  of  the  Ntis,  a  barbarous  Vandyke^ 

she  requests  that  no  deiusioru  to  the  past 

be  made,  talks  oi  flying  with  the  utmost 

felicity,  and  would  say  preeipUate   ons 

4i9W9  the  prejudice  instead  c^  '*  precmice." 

—Sheridan,  The  Bicais  (1775). 

Mm  Makprap'f  nditakM  In  vhaft  iho  mH«  '^onbo- 
do^.  4nvebllenlMW<dij«cl«dto«Bimnrol»bielWiiuff 
woman  of  her  raok  of  Ufa.  but  .  .  the  luckiiMw  of  her 
dmfl^  "as  headabonc  m  nn  attocnry  on  Hie  bankx  of  tti« 
MUe,"  via  ba  aoknowM^nd  m  Hn,tmif**Ve^—t.  Mooco. 

Malbeeco,  ''a  cankered,  crabbed 
carl,"  very  wealthy  and  very  miserly, 
husband  <^  a  vouhg  wife  named  Hel'i- 
noK  (d  syi.)t  qI  whom  he  is  very  jealous, 
and  not  without  cause.  Hclinore,  falling 
in  love  with  sir  I'aridel  her  guest,  sets 
fire  to  the  closet  where  her  husbsind  kee{>« 
his  treasures,  and  elopes  wijth  Paridel, 
while  Malbecco  »tops  to  put  out  the 
flames.  This  done,  Malbecco  starts  in 
pursuit,  and  finds  that  Paridel  has  tired 
of  the  dame,  who  has  become  the  satyrs* 
dairy-roaid.  He  soon  finds  her  out,  but 
she  decline^  to  return  with  him  ;  and  he, 
in  desperation,  throws  himself  from  a 
rock,  but  receives  no  injury,  Malbecco 
then  creeps  into  a  cave,  feeds  on  tooda 
and  frogs,  and  live^  in  terror  leat  the 
rock  should  crush  him  or  the  seii  ovcrr 
whelm  him,  ''  Ikying*  he  lives  on,  and 
can  never  die,**  for  he  is  no  longer  Mal- 
becco, "but  Jkalousy  is  hight." — 
Spenser,  Fa£ry  Queen,  iu.  9,  10  (16^). 

Ms^brough',  corrupted  in  English 
into  Maribrookf  the  hero  of  a  populai 
French  song.  Generally  thought  to  refe^ 
to  John  Churchill  duke  of  Marlborough^ 
so  famous  for  his  victories  over  the  French 
in  the  reign  of  Louis  XIY. ;  but  no  inci- 
dent of  the  one  corresponds  with  the  life 
of  the  other.  The  Malbrough  of  the 
song  was  evidentlv  a  crusader  or  ancient 
baron,  who  died  in  battle  ;  and  his  lady, 
climbing  the  castle  tower  and  looking 
OMt  i^r  her  lord}  reminds  one  of  the 
mother  of  Sisecs^  who  "  looked  out  at  a 
window,  and  cried  through  the  lattice. 
Why  is  his  chariot  so  long  in  coming? 
Why  tarry  the  wheels  of  his  chariots? 
.  .  .  Have  they  not  sped  V  Have  they  not 
divided  the  spoil  ?  '*  (Judqeg  v.  28-30) .  The 
following  are  the  words  of  the  song : — 

"  Malbrooirii  it  jnoe  to  the  wan.  Ah  I  when  vUI  be 
rBtum?"    "He  will  conic  hack  hy  Easter,  hidr.  or  «t 


bitaat  by  Trtnitjr."      "No.    no  I   KMter    {■   pait,   and 
Trinity  it  part ;  hut  Malhroogfa  haa  not  retnmed."    Than  4 
did  abe  dloib  the  castie  tower,  to  looli  out  for  hiaoomlaf. 


She  law  hb  pase,  but  he  wm  dad  in  bUclt.    "Mjr  pag«, 

Mnc 

aaida  your  tv  attke.  buly.  your  omamenta  of  gold  MP 


my  bonnie  page." cried  the  bidy.  "what  tidings  Mm 
yoff— what  tiding  of  my  lord?"  "Xbenewil  brine"  «ld 
(hie  page.  **  !•  very  nad,  and  will  make  yon  weep.    Isa 


MALBROUK. 


598 


MALFORT. 


dhtr.  for  mjr  Inrd  ii  dead.  H«  li  dead.  tady.  and  liUd  In 
•■rtb.  I  WW  him  borne  to  bh  but  home  liv  four  oOoar* : 
OM  carriad  hb  cuina,  ona  hb  cbldd.  one  hi*  iwoid.  and 
the  fourth  walked  beside  the  bier  but  bore  nothlnc 
Tb«r  hid  blm  In  earth.  I  mw  bii  spirit  riaa  throogh  the 
lanreln  Thqr  planted  hie  grava  with  roeemary.  Iba 
Bightlngale  mng  bli  dlrgii  Tba  BMameni  Ml  to  the 
earth  ;  and  when  tber  ran  op  again,  they  chanted  hb 
Tfctorlei.    Then  retired  thejr  aB  to  i 


This  song  used  to  be  snng  as  a  lullaby 
to  the  infant  son  of  Lonis  XVI. ;  and 
Napoleon  I.  never  mounted  his  chaiger 
for  battle  without  humming  the  air  of 
Maibrough  8*en  va-4-en  gfterre,  Hon.  de 
Las  Caus  says  he  heard  him  hum  the 
same  air  a  little  before  his  death. 

Malbroulc,  of  Basque  legend,  is  a 
child  brought  up  bv  his  godfather  of  the 
same  name.  At  the  age  of  seven  he  is 
a  tall,  full-grown  man,  and,  like  Proteus, 
can  assume  any  form  by  simply  naming 
the  form  he  wishes  to  assume.  Thus,  by 
saying  **  Jesus,  ant,**  he  becomes  an  ant ; 
and  "Jesus,  pigeon,**  he  becomes  a 
pigeon.  After  performing  most  wonder- 
ful prodigies,  and  releasing  the  king's 
three  daughters  who  had  been  stolen 
by  his  godfather,  he  marries  the  youngest 
of  the  princesses,  and  succeeds  the  king 
on  his  tnrone. 

♦^*  The  name  Malbrouk  occurs  in  the 
Chanson  de  QesteSy  and  in  the  Basque 
J'astorales.    (See  above,  Malbrougu.) 

Mfitlcolm.  Bumamed  **Can  More** 
("great  head*'),  eldest  son  of  Duncan  "the 
Meek  **  king  of  Scotland.  He,  with  his 
Atther  and  younger  brother,  was  a  guest 
of  Macbeth  at  Inverness  Castle,  when 
Duncan  was  murdered.  The  two  young 
princes  fled  —  Malcolm  to  the  English 
court,  and  his  brother  Donalbain  to  Ire- 
land. When  Macduff  slew  Macbeth  io 
the  battle  of  Dunsin'ane,  the  son  of  Dun- 
can was  set  on  the  throne  of  Scotland, 
under  the  name  and  title  of  Malcolm  III. 
—Shakespeare,  Madbeih  (leoti). 

Malebolge  (4  sylX  the  eighth  circle 
of  Dante's  inferno.  It  was  divided  into 
ten  bolgi  or  pits. 

There  b  a  place  within  the  depths  of  hell. 
Called  MaUbolgt. 

Dant«.  JTeir,  zvlU.  (1300^ 

Mal'ecasta,  the  mistress  of  Outle 
Joyous,  and  the  impersonation  of  lust. 
Bntomart  (the  heroine  of  chastity)  en- 
tered her  bower,  after  overthrowing  four 
of  the  six  knights  who  guarded  it ;  and 
Malecosta  sought  to  win  the  stranger  to 
wantonness,  not  knowing  her  sex.  Of 
course,  Britomart  resisted  all  her  wiles, 
and  left  the  castle  next  morning. — 
Spenser,  Faery  Queerif  iii.  1  (1690). 


MaledlaanTity  a  damsel  who  threw 
discredit  on  her  knightly  lover  to  pre- 
vent his  encountering  the  danger  of  the 
battle-field.  Sir  Launcelot  condoned  her 
offence,  and  gave  her  the  name  of  Bien- 
pensannt. 

The  Cape  of  Good  Hope  was  called  the 
"Cape  of  Storms**  (6160  Ihrmenioao) 
by  Bartholomew  Diaz,  when  discovered 
in  1493 ;  but  the  king  of  Portugal  (John 
II.)  changed  the  name  to  *'  Good  Hope.** 

So  the  Euxine  (that  is,  "the  hospit- 
able**) Sea  was  originally  called  "llie 
Axine**  (or  "the  inhospiUble **)  Sea. 

Maleflfort,  seneschal  of  lady  Bria'na.; 
a  man  of  "  mickle  mi^t,**  slain  by  sir 
Calidore. — Spenser,  Faery  Queem,  vL  1 
(1596). 

ICale'ger  (3  ^/.),  captain  of  the  host 
which  besieged  Body  Castle,  of  which 
Alma  was  queen.  Firince  Arthur  found 
that  his  sword  was  poweriess  to  wound 
him,  so  he  took  him  up  in  his  arms  and 
tried  to  crush  him,  but  without  effect. 
At  length  the  prince  remembered  that 
the  earUi  was  the  carFs  motiier,  and  sup- 
plied him  with  new  strength  and  vigour 
as  often  as  he  went  to  her  for  it ;  so  he 
carried  the  body,  and  flung  it  into  a  lake. 
(See  AxT^KOS.)---Spen8er,  Faery  Queen^ 
ii.  11  (1590). 

Mfitlen'gin,  Guile  personified.  When 
attacked  by  Talus,  he  changed  himself 
into  a  fox,  a  bush,  a  bird,  a  hedgehog, 
and  a  snake;  but  Talus,  with  his  iron 
flail,  beat  him  to  powder,  and  so  "deceit 
did  tiie  deceiver  fail.  On  his  back 
Malengin  carried  a  net  "  to  catch  fools  ** 
with. — Spenser,  Fairy  Queen,  v.  9  (1596). 

MfitleparduB,  the  castle  of  Master 
Reynard  the  fox,  in  the  beast-epic  of 
Beynard  the  Fox  (1498). 

Males  and  Females.  The  pro- 
portion in  England  is  104*5  males  to  100 
females;  in  Russia  it  is  108'9;  and  the 
Jews  in  Livonia  give  the  ratio  of  120 
males  bom  to  every  100  females.  The 
mortality  of  males  in  infancy  exceeds  that 
of  females,  and  war  greatly  disturbs  the 
balance. 

Mal-Fet  {The  chevalier),  the  name 
assumed  by  sir  Launcelot  in  Joyous  Isle, 
during  his  fit  of  madness,  which  lasted 
two  years. — Sir  T.  Malory,  History  of 
Prince  Arthur,  iii.  (1470). 

Malfort  (ifr.),  a  youn^  man  who  has 
ruined  himself  by  speculation. 
Mrs,  Malfort,  the  wife  of  the  specula- 


MALFT. 


599 


MALVOUO. 


tor,  **  houseless,  friendless,  defenceless, 
mnd  forlorn.'*  The  wants  of  Malfort  are 
temporarily  relieved  by  tJie  bounty  of 
Frank  Heartall  and  the  kindness  of  Mrs. 
Caieerly  "the  soldier*8  daughter."  The 
return  of  Malfort,  senior,  from  India, 
restores  his  son  to  ease  and  affluence. — 
Ca&eny,  The  Soldier's  Daughter  (1804). 

ICaUy  {Dmchen  of),  twin-sister  of 
Ferdinand  duke  of  CaUbria.  She  fell 
in  love  with  Antonio,  her  steward,  and 

gave  thereby  mortal  offence  to  her  twin- 
roCher  Ferdinand,  and  to  her  brother 
the  cardinal,  who  employed  Bosola  to 
•tr»i^  her.— John  Webster,  Duchess  of 
McUfy  (1618). 

Iffal^o,  a  mj-thioa  king  of  Britain, 
noted  tor  nis  beauty  and  ms  vices,  his 
nanificence  and  his  strength.  Malgo 
added  Ireland,  Iceland,  (jothland,  the 
Orkneys,  Norway,  and  Dacia  to  his 
dominions. — (jeoffrey,  British  History, 
xi.  7  (1142). 

SfW  fNtoM^  OWnBO. 

then  aubdaed.and  smdooi  Nonnqr  van, 
Iwhiiit  tor  hh  own,  and  OotMand  to  each  mon. 
Draiton.  ^^Cvo/Mon,  six.  (IStf^ 

MaOierbe  (2  »^l.).  If  any  one  asked 
Ualherbe  his  opinion  about  any  French 
words,  he  alwavs  sent  him  to  the  street 
porters  at  tiie  Port  an  Foin,  saying  that 
they  were  his  "  masters  in  language.** — 
Kacaa,  Vie  de  Malherbe  {IGSO). 

It  is  said  that  Shakespeare  read  his 
plars  to  an  oyster-woman  when  he  wished 
to  know  if  they  would  suit  the  popular 


Mallnal,  brother  of  Tuhid'thiton. 
When  the  Az'tecas  declared  war  against 
Madoc  and  his  colony,  Malinal  cast  in 
his  lot  with  the  White  strangers.  He 
was  a  noble  youth,  who  received  two 
arrow-wounds  in  his  leg  while  defending 
the  white  women ;  and  being  unable  to 
stand,  fon^t  in  their  defence  on  his 
knees.  When  Malipal  was  disabled, 
Amal'ahta  caught  up  the  princess,  and 
ran  off  with  her;  but  Mervyn  the  "young 
page  **  (in  fact,  a  girl)  struck  him  on  the 
hamstrings  with  a  oill-hook,  and  Malinal, 
crawling  to  the  spot,  thrust  his  sword  in 
the  vilhin's  groin  and  killed  him. — 
Southey,  J/odbc,  ii.  16  (1806). 

Mal'iom.  Mahomet  is  so  called  in 
some  of  the  old  romances. 

"SndflTv.audibcasaimtaMl    l^rllalloml  I 


IfalViTi-     The  Maid  Marian  of  the 


morris-dance  is  so  called  by  Beaumont 
and  Fletcher : 

Pot  on  Um  4iape  of  otder  and  hoaiaiiUT. 
Or  fOB  mart  inainr  Malkin  Um  May-Ladj. 

MmtaUmr  Tkomm  (UU). 

Mall    Cutpurae,  Mary    Frith,    a 

thief  and  receiver  of  stolen  goods.    John 

Day,  in  1610,  wrote  "a  booke  caUed  The 

Madde  Prwuiks  of  Merry   Mall  of  the 

Bankside,    wtth    her    Walks    m    Man's 

Aj^parel,  and  to  what  Pwpoae:^    It  is 

said  that  she  was  an  androgyne  (1584- 

1669). 

ImC  ftndajr.  Mall  Ctotpone.  a  ootorlooi  bassMS.  Uiat 
«ed  to  go  about  in  man's  apparel,  and  chalknflBd  tb«  fleVt 
or  dhreiM  caUants,  was  brought  to  [SL  Pauta  CVo«i 
where  Am  w«pt  Mtterljr,  and  Memed  veiy  penitent;  but 
It  If  linoe  doabtcd  the  was  naudUn  dnmk.  being  dia- 
eorered  to  hafe  ttppeled  oT  three  qoarts  of  Mdi  bsfoi« 
•be  eaaw  to  her  penance.— John  Ghambcflaln  (ISllV 

Mal-Orohol,  king  of  Fuftr'fed  (an 
island  of  Scandinavia).  Being  asked  by 
Ton-Thormod  to  give  him  his  daughter  in 
marriage,  he  renised,  and  the  rejected 
suitor  made  war  on  him.  Fingal  sent  his 
son  Ossian  to  assist  Mal-Orchol,  and  on 
the  very  day  of  his  arrival  he  took  Ton- 
Thormod  prisoner.  Mal-Orchol,  in  grati- 
tude, now  offered  Ossian  his  daughter  in 
marriage;  but  Ossian  pleaded  for  Ton- 
Thormod,  and  the  marriage  of  the  lady 
with  her  original  suitor  was  duly  solem- 
nized. (The  daughter's  name  was  Oina- 
Morul.)---08sian,  Oina-MortU, 

Maltworm,   a  tippler.     Similarly, 

bookworm  means  a  student. 

amUUn  I  am  Joined  with  no  fout-Iand-iaken  [/oU- 
padal  no  kmg-etaff  sizpennjr  strikers  [c«m»<«N  jiriifgen, 
mkoatrik*  $maneoUM/romtk9  hands  eifdUUrmUntmm 
of  theM  .  .  .  purple^iued  maltwonas;  bat  with  nobUltjr. 
1  B0nrtf  yr.  act  iL  sc.  1  (UW7). 


Mal'venu,  Lucif^ra^s  porter. — Spen- 
ser, FaHry  Queen,  i.  4  (1590). 

Malvi'na^  daughter  of  Toscar.  She 
was  betrothed  to  Oscar  son  of  Ossian ; 
but  he  was  slain  in  Ulster  by  Cairbar 
before  the  day  of  marriage  arrived. — 
Ihnora,  i. 


I  a  lorttr  tree  In  thy  presence.  Oscar,  with  all  mjr 
braaches  roond  me :  but  thjr  death  came  like  a  blast  trom 
the  denrt,  and  laid  my  peen  boai  low.  The  spring 
reCumed  with  Its  showers;  no  leaf  of  mine  arose.  .  .  . 
The  tear  was  In  the  eheek  of  Mahrlna.— Ossian.  Oroma. 

Maliroisin  (Sir  Albert  de)f  a  pre- 
ceptor of  the  Knights  Templars. 

Sk"  Philip  de  Malvoisin,  one  of  the 
knights  cbfulen^rs  at  the  tournament. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Jvanhoe  (time,  Richard  I.). 

MalvoliOf  Olivia's  steward.  When 
he  reproves  sir  Toby  Belch  for  riotous 
living,  the  knight  says  to  him,  "Dost 
tiiou  think,  because  thou  art  virtuous, 
there  shall  be  no  more  cakes  and  ale?'* 


HAAUSiOUCHI. 


m 


MAMMQUN. 


Sir  Tob]r  and  sir  Andrew  Ague-cheek 
loin  Maria  in  a  trick  against  the  steward. 
Maria  forges  a  letter  in  the  handwriting 
of  Olivia,  loading  Malvolio  to  suppose 
that  his  aiiatress  is  in  love  with  him, 
filing  him  ^  dress  in  yaUow  stockings, 
and  (to  smUe  qi^  the  lady.  MalFolio  fatb 
into  the  trap;  and  when  Olivia  fil^owu 
astonishment  at  hit  absurd  eonduet,  he 
keefM  quoting  parts  of  the  lett<v  he  ha« 
received,  and  is  shut  up  in  a  da^k  roow 
OS  a  lunatic.->Shakefpea^  Tv»elftkk  fiigh/t 
(1614). 

•ddnMod  btt  UnniMn,  chtAiM.  ia  If JfoHo  profM 
to  do  vbMi  Mated  In  Ua  ctate.  hl»  bmUltf  «9U«  wuk  aa 
fuai«ra  refud  of  ofrntrqL— Sir  W.  Soott. 

BeBil^<"Mjd««li«''wMiliapl]r  iMrfeotioa.  Bb  tap 
in  yaUuv  ■toeklaicB  iiMMt  ylHainamly  erow^artarcd,  wfth 
a  homoli  hMSh  of  mil  oonreit  to  top  tlM  vbota,  no- 
d«r«d  l)lra  ShakMpau?!  "MalroUo''at  «U  point* UTSS- 
lOrj.— BondM.  Uf^^Jtrdam. 

MamapiouQ^,  an  imaginary  order 
of  kni^hoLood.  K.  Jourdain,  the  par- 
venu,  is  persuaded  that  the  grand  seignior 
of  the  order  has  made  him  a  member, 
and  he  submits  io  the  ceremony  of  a 
mock  installation. — MoUbre,  /^  BoHrgeois 
OentUhomme  (1670), 


AD  tho  women  OMwt  dsToiitly  i 

Ineh  vouM  be  rnthcr  a  poor  nctrM  hiaa 

jbfui  to  Iw  mnd#;n  MnnuwMNioiii  then* 

Hambxino'B  HeU&et,  a  helmet  of 
pure  gold,  which  rNidered  Aha  wearer 
invisible.  It  was  taken  possession  of  by 
Rinaldo,  and  stolen  by  Scaripant^. 

Cervantes  tells  us  of  a  barber  who  was 
caught  in  a  showBr  of  rain,  and  who,  to 
protect  his  hat,  clapped  his  brazen  basin 
on  his  head.  Don  Qm^^ote  insisted  that 
this  basin  was  the  helmet  of  the  Moorish 
king ;  and,  taking  possession  of  it,  wore 
it  as  such. 

*«*  When  the  knight  set  the  gaUev- 

slaves  free,   the  rascals   **  snatched  we 

basin  from  his  head,  and  hrQke  it  to  pteces** 

(pt.  J.  iii.  8) ;  but  we  find  it  ^ound  and 

complete  in  the  next  book  (ch.  L5),  whe9 

the  ^ntlcmen  at  the  inn  sit  in  judgment 

on  It,  to  decide  whether  it  is  really  a 

**  helmet  or  a  basin."    The  judges,  of 

course,  humour  the  don,  and  declare  the 

basin    to    be    an    undoubted    helmet. — 

Cervantes,  Von  Quixote  (1605). 

"  J  imi  lotd  Uie  lifB  I  have  menUooed.  tUL  kf  the  fane 
Mid  terror  of  my  arm,  I  take  a  helmet  Dram  the  head  of 
•oo^e  other  kniobt.'* .  .  .  The  aune  thing  happened  about 
Blanih^o't  hounet.  which  cort  Scartpante  ao  dear.— Cer* 
tantee.  D»m  guLeott,  L  IL  2  (liOSX 

Mamillius,  a  young  prince  of  Sicilia. 
—Shakespeare,  WmUt's  Tale  (1604). 

IClumnon,  the  personification  of 
earthly  ambition,  be  it  wealth,  honours, 


sensualiifyi  or  what  not.     '*Ye  canno^ 
serve  God  and  mammon"  (Matt.  vi.  24). 
B^iltoQ  makes  I^amjuon  one  of  the  ce- 
beUioim  imgcjl^; 

Maounoa.  the  leul  mutpd  flrfrtt that M 
FromhMtwn :  fcr e'en  la  heaven iiUhmEi ^nd  Ihoqih*? 
W«N  alwaya  oownyrard  hant.  ndnririnn  mote 

Than  ^U^ht,  divloe  or  boljr.  el«e  enjoyed. 

Pai-mM$t  Lttt,  L  fT*.  etc  pMH 

JIfavMKm  tells  sir  Gayon  if  he  will  serve 
kiip,  he  shall  be  the  richest  man  in  the 
world ;  bnt  the  knight  replies  that  money 
bas  no  cbanp  in  his  si^ht.  The  god  than 
takes  him  into  his  smithy,  and  tells  him 
to  give  any  order  he  likes ;  but  «^  Guyon 
declines  ttie  ujivi^tion.  Maounoe  next 
offers  to  give  the  knight  Fhiiotiae  U> 
wife  ;  but  sir  Guyon  still  declines. 
Liastiy,  the  knight  is  lad  to  Pvoteffpine's 
bower,  and  told  to  plnek  some  of  ibe 
golden  fruit,  and  to  rest  him  awhile  oa 
we  silver  stool ;  hut  sir  Gwyon  resists  the 
temptation.  After  three  days*  sojourn 
in  ue  infernal  iBgions,  the  knight  is  led 
back  to  earth,  and  swoons.-— Spenser, 
Fairy  Queen,  U.  7  <1690). 

Mtuunum  (Sir  Epicure)y  the  rich  dope 
who  supplies  Subtle  ^the  alchemist** 
with  money  to  carry  on  his  artifioea, 
unde^  pretence  of  transmuting  ba^  metale 
into  gold.  Sir  Epicure  b<£<^veii  in  the 
possiuility,  and  glories  in  the  mi^t^ 
things  he  wil)  do  when  the  secret  la 
discovered. — Ben  ^onson,  Tke  Alchemist 
(1610).. 


[Sir]  Wtsan  ^anMilon  hM  t^  vtele  "nattar  amt 
•ohf  of  the  luher— eye,  noee.  Up.  the  tvfck  of  hb  firovn.* 
U  tt  juM  av^  a  qraaerer  «■  eoataBpofulee  hai 
Ben  to  be.  ...  He  is  arrocMiee  penooiSed. 

it  In  hkMMa 


a  "tDwarinc  hravefy**  then  it  In  hk  nnaaltrl 
aflhctt  no  pleamn  uii^  a  lultaa.— C.  Lamh. 

Mammoth  (.The)  or  big  bufUo  ia 

an   emblem   of   terror   and   destructioa 

among  the  American  Indians.      Hence. 

when  Brandt,  at  the  head  of  a  party  of 

Mohawks  and  other  savages,  was  laying 

waste    Pennsylvania,     and    approached 

Wyo'ming,  Outalissi  exclaims : 

Hie  mammoth  oomee— the  foe   the  nirmrtfr  Bniidt. 
'     WMi  aO  hb  howHn^  dwnlatlng  hand  .  .  . 
Bad  hi  the  cop  they  oiinh.  hot  not  of  wine  I 

Oamphwi.  (Hrtruds  ^  Wwomdmt,  tt.  16  (ISOaV 

MammoHi  Cave  {The)y  in  Rdmond- 
son  County,  Kentucky.  It  is  the  lai^gesi 
in  the  world. 

Mammoth  Qroire  {The),  in  Cali- 
foraia.  Some  of  the  trees  grow  to  the 
height  of  from  200  to  800  feet,  and  have 
a  girth  of  from  |00  to  ^  feet. 

Mammoun,  eldoit  of  the  four  sons 
of  Corcud.  One  day,  he  showed  kind- 
ness  to  a  mutilated  serpent,  which  proved 


MAN. 


601 


MAN  OF  BRASS. 


to  be  th«  Udry  Gmlout,  who  gave  him  for 
hifl  hDmanity  Uie  power  of  joining  and 
neodin^;  whateyer  was  broken.  He 
mended  a  pie*8  egg  which  was  smashed 
into  twenty  pieces^  and  so  perfectly  that 
the  e^  was  hatched.  He  also  mended 
in  a  moment  a  ship  which  had  been 
wrecked  and  broken  in  a  violent  storm. — 
T.  S.  Gaeolette,  Ckineae  Tales  ("  Corcod 
and  His  Four  Sons,**  1728). 


Kb  descent  according  to  the 

Darwinian  theory :  (1)  The  hirvn  of 
ascidians,  a  marine  mollosc ;  (2)  fish 
lowly  o^anized,  as  the  lancelet ;  (3) 
ganoids,  ^pidosiren,  and  other  fish ;  (4) 
amphibians ;  (5)  birds  and  reptiles ;  (6) 
from  reptiles  we  get  the  monotremata, 
which  connects  reptiles  with  the  mam- 
malia ;  (7)  the  marsupials  ;  (8)  placental 
mamn&als  ;  (D)  lemuHda ;  (10)  simifidjs ; 
(11)  the  New  World  monkeys  called 
platyrfaines,  and  the  Old  World  monkeys 
called  catarrhines ;  ( 1 2)  between  the  catarr- 
hines  and  tiie  race  of  man  the  **  missing 
link**  is  placed  by  some;  but  others 
tiiink  between  the  liighest  organized  ape 
and  the  lowest  organized  man  the  grada- 
tion is  simple  and  easy. 

Man  {Isle  of)^  a  corruption  of  main^au 
(*'  little  island  **)  ;  Latinized  into  MenaV' 
to,  Cssar  calls  it  **  Mon-a,**  the  Scotch 
immnnciation  of  mam-au;  and  hence 
oomes  **  Monabia  **  for  Menavia. 

Man  (Races  of).  According  to  the 
Bible,  the  whole  human  race  sprang 
frofm  one  individual,  Adam.  Virey 
affirms  there  were  two  original  pairs. 
Jaequinot  and  LAtham  divide  the  race 
into  three  primordial  stocks ;  Kant  into 
four ;  Blumenbach  into  five  ;  Buffon  into 
six ;  Hunter  into  seven ;  Agassiz  into 
ei^t ;  Pickering  into  eleven ;  Bory  St. 
Vincent  into  fourteen ;  Desmoulins  into 
sixteen  ;  Morton  into  twenty-two ;  Craw- 
fnrd  into  sixty ;  and  Burke  into  sixty- 
three. 

Man  in  Bladk  (The),  said  to  be 
meant  for  Goldsmith's  father.  A  true 
oddity,  with  the  tongue  of  a  Timon  and 
the  heart  of  an  uncle  Toby.  He  declaims 
against  beggars,  but  reUeves  every  one 
he  meets ;  he  ridicules  generosity,  but 
would  shiue  his  last  cloak  with  the 
needy.— Goldsmith,  Citizen  of  the  World 
(1769). 

*«*  Washington  Irving  has  a  tale  called 
The  Man  in  Black, 

ICan  in  the  Moon  {The).  Some 
■ay  it  is  the  man  who  picked  up  a  bundle 


of  sticks  on  the  sabbath  day  (Xumh,  xv. 
82-36).  Dant^  says  it  is  Cain,  and  that 
the  **bush  of  thorns"  is  an  emblem  of 
the  curse  pronounced  on  the  earth : 
'*  Thorns  also  and  thistles  shall  it  bring 
forth  to  thee  **  {Gen.  iii.  18).  Some  say 
it  is  Endymion,  taken  there  by  Diana. 

The  curse  pronounced  on  tiie  '^man** 
was  this :  ^*  As  you  regarded  not  *  Sun- 
day *  on  earthy  you  shall  keep  a  perpetual 
*  Moon-day  *  in  heaven.*'  This,  of  course, 
is  a  Teutonic  tradition. 

The  bush  of  thomSy  in  the  Schanmburg- 
lipp6  version,  is  to  indicate  that  the  man 
strewed  thorns  in  the  church  path,  to 
hinder  people  from  attending  mass  on 
Sundays. 

Mow  doth  GMn  with  forkof  thara  oonfliM 
Ob  eftber  h«inUpb«re.  toucblnc  th«  wmre 
Beneath  the  towws  of  SerillB.    Yoftaniisht 
Th*  mooa  WM  routid. 

Dant^,  Inftmo,  rx.  (UOf). 

Her  glte  waj  gnijr  and  fall  of  vpottis  Mack. 
Aad  on  her  brett  a  cborle  painted  ftil  eren. 
BeriiiK  a  bmh  oT  thornis  on  bU  back. 
Which  for  hk  theft  ntlcbt  cUdm  bo  ner  the  hcmi. 

Cbaucer. 

A  North  Frisian  version  gives  cabbages 
instead  of  a  faggot  of  wood. 

*«*  There  are  other  traditions,  among 
which  may  be  mentioned  '*  The  Story  of 
the  Hare  and  the  Elephant."^  In  this 
story  "the  man  in  the  moon"  is  a  hare. 
— Pantschatantra  (a  collection  of  San- 
skrit fables). 

Man  in  the  Moon,  a  man  who  visits  the 
**  inland  parts  of  Africa," — W.  Thomson, 
MammtUh  or  Hitman  Nature  Displayed  on 
a  Grand  Scale  (1789). 

Man  m  the  Moon^  the  man  who,  by  the 
aid  of  a  magical  glass,  shows  Charles 
Fox  (the  man  of  the  people)  various 
eminent  contemporaries. — W.  Thomson, 
The  Man  in  the  Moon  or  Travels  into  the 
Lunar  Regions  (1783). 

Man  of  Blood.  Charles  I.  was  so 
called  by  the  puritans,  because  he  made 
war  on  his  parliament.  The  allusion  is 
to  2  SaTn.  xvi.  7. 

Man  of  Brass,  Talos,  the  work  of 
Hephicstos  {Vulcan).  He  traversed  the 
Isle  of  Crete  thrice  a  year.  ApoUo'nius 
(Argonauticaj  iv.)  says  he  threw  rocks  at 
the  Aigonauts,  to  prevent  their  landing. 
It  is  alHO  said  that  when  a  stranger  was 
discovered  on  the  island,  Talos  made  him- 
self red  hot,  and  embraced  the  intruder  to 
death. 

That  portentous  Man  of  Braa 
HephJertoi  made  In  days  of  )-ore. 
Who  italkMl  about  the  Cretan  shore. 
And  MW  the  ships  app«jar  and  paw. 
And  threw  MonM  at  the  Argonauts. 

LeuflfoUow.  r*«  Watftid*  Itm  (ISO). 


I 


HAN  OF  DECEMBER. 


eo2 


MANCHESTER  POET. 


Man  of  December,  Napoleon  III. 
So  called  because  he  was  made  president 
December  11,  1848;  made  the  (xmp 
d^UU^  December  2,  1851 ;  and  was  made 
emperor,  December  %  186S. 

(Bom  in  the  Kne  Lafitte,  Paris  {not  in 
the  Tnileries),  April  20,  1808;  reigned 
1852-1870;  died  at  OiiselhiirBt,  Kent, 
January  9,  1878.) 

Man  of  Destiny,  Napoleon  I.,  who 
always  looked  on  himself  as  an  instm- 
^  ment  in  the  hands  of  destiny,  and  that 
all  his  acts  were  predestined. 

Tb«  Man  of  Deitlny  .  .  .  hud  power  far  •  timt  "to 
Mad  klaip  witk  cbafM,  tnk  noMn  vttli  fettan  of  troB." 
-sir  W.Seott. 

Man  of  Feeling  {The),  Hariey,  a 
sensitire,  bashful,  kind-hearted,  senti- 
mental sort  of  a  hero. — H.  Mackenzie, 
The  Man  of  Feeliruj  (1771). 

*4i*  Sometimes  Henry  Mackenzie  is 
himself  called  *'  The  Man  of  Feeling.*" 

Man  of  Boss,  John  Kyrle,  of  Ross, 
in  Herefordshire,  distinguished  for  his 
bencYoleBoe  and  public  spirit.  *'  Richer 
than  miser,  nobler  than  king  or  king- 

S>linted  loni."— Pope,  EfAHte,  iii.  (»*  On 
e  Use  of  Riches,**  1709). 

Man  of  Salt  M),  a  man  like  i9^ne'as, 
always  melting  into  tears  called  **  drops 
of  salt." 

Thb  wooU  make  •  man,  •  nmn  of  nJt, 
Tb  UM  hk  eyei  for  itarden  water-poti. 
BbakeapmrB,  JTinir  L«ar.  act  ir.  k.  6  <10M). 

Man  of  Sedan,  Napoleon  III.  So 
called  because  he  surrendered  his  sword 
to  William  king  of  Pntssia  after  the 
battle  of  Sedan  in  September,  1870. 

(Bom  in  the  Rue  I^fitte,  1808  ;  reigned 
1852-1870;  died  at  Chiselhurst,  1873.) 

Man  ci  Sin  {The\  mentioned  in 
2  The89.  ii.  3. 

Whitby  says  the  '*  Man  of  sin  **  means 
the  Jews  as  a  people. 

Grotius  says  it  means  Caius  Cesar  or 
else  Caligula. 

Wetstcin  savs  it  is  Titus. 

Olshansen  thinks  it  is  typical  of  some 
one  yet  to  come. 

Roman  Catholics  say  it  means  Anti- 
christ. 

Protestants  think  it  refers  to  the  pope. 

The  Fifth-Monarchy  men  applieci  it  to 
Cromwell. 

Man  of  the  Hill,  a  tedious  "  her- 
mit of  the  vnle,"  introduced  by  Fielding 
into  his  novel  of  Tmn  Jones  (1749). 

Man  of  the  Mountain  {Old). 
(See  Koppenhkro,  p.  628.) 


Man  of  the  People,  Charles  James 
Fox  (1749-1806). 


Man  of  the  Sea  {The  Old),  the 
who  got  upon  the  shoulders  of  Sindbad 
the  sailor,  and  would  not  get  off  again, 
but  clung  there  with  obstinate  pertinacity 
till  Sindoad  made  him  drunk,  when  lie 
was  easily  shaken  off.  Sindbad  then 
crushed  him  to  death  with  a  laige  stonek 

"Too  had  fUlcD.'*«M  they,  "Into  the  hands  of  tha 
OU  Man  of  Iha  Sen.  and  yoa  af«  the  flnl  whoai  he  Ihm  not 
■tranglaL'— J raNM  MILIUM  rOndhnd.'  Ifth • 


Man  of  the  World  {The),  sir  Per- 
tinax  McSycophant,  who  acquires  a  for- 
tune by  '* booing**  and  fawning  on  the 
great  and  rich,  lie  wants  his  son  Eger- 
ton  to  marry  the  daughter  of  lord  Lum- 
bcrcourt,  but  Egerton,  to  the  diffgnst  of 
his  father,  marries  Constantia  the  prO' 
t^gife  of  lady  McSycophant.  Sir  Pertinax 
had  promised  his  lordship  a  good  round 
sum  of  money  if  the  marriage  was 
effected ;  and  when  this  contrctempM 
occurs,  his  lordship  laments  the  loss  of 
money,  "which  will  prove  his  ruin,** 
Sir  Pertinax  tells  lord  Lumbercourt  that 
his  younger  son  Sandy  will  prove  moro 
pliable;  and  it  is  agreed  that  the  bar- 
gain shall  stand  good  if  Sandy  will 
marr}'  the  young  lady.— C.  Macklm,  The 
Man  cf  the  Wor/d(1704). 

*«*  This  comedy  is  based  on  Yoltaire^a 
Nanitte  (1749). 

Man  without  a  Skin.  Ridiard 
Cumberland  the  dramatist  was  so  called 
by  Garrick,  because  he  was  so  extremely 
sensitive  that  he  could  not  bear  *'  to  be 
touched"  by  the  finger  of  criticiBiB 
(1732-1811). 

Managarm,  the  most  gigantic  and 
formidable  of  the  race  of  hags.  He 
dwells  in  the  Iron-wood,  Jamvid.  Mana- 
garm will  first  fill  himself  with  the  blood 
of  man,  and  then  will  he  swallow  up  the 
moon.  This  gigantic  hag  s>'mbolizes 
War,  and  the  *'  Iron-wood  "  in  which  he 
dwells  is  the  wood  of  speaza. — Prose 
EdJa. 

Manchester  {American),  Lowell,  m 
Massachusetts.  So  called  from  its  cotton- 
mills. 

Man<^e8t«r  of  B^ginm,  Ghent. 

Manchester  of  Prussia,  Elber- 
feld.  The  speciality  of  Prussian  Man- 
chester iR  its  "Turkey  red.**  Kmpp  ia 
the  chief  manufacturer  tiiere  of  steeL 

Manchester  Poet  {The),  Cliail"» 
Swain,  bom  1808. 


MANCIPLE'S  TALE. 


608 


MANETTE. 


Maaeiple^  '  ITale.  Ptisbns  had  a 
oow  whtdt  ke  taogkt  te  apeak ;  it 
white  ai  down,  and  as  big  ai  a  n 
He  had  alae  a  wife,  wb«m  he  dearly 
lored.  One  dar  when  he  came  home, 
the  «row  cried,  "Cuckoo,  cuckoo, 
tnAo9 ! "  and  FhaImB  asked  the  bird 
what  it  meant ;  whereupon  it  told  the 
eod  that  his  wife  was  unfaithful  to  hinu 
Fluebas,  in  his  wrath,  seized  his  bow, 
and  shot  his  wife  through  the  heart ;  but 
to  the  bird  he  said,  **  Cane  on  thy  tell- 
tale tongue!  never  more  £hall  it  brew 
mischief.^  So  he  deprived  it  of  the 
power  of  speech,  and  changed  its  plum- 
age from  iHiite  to  black.  Moral — ^Be  no 
tale-bearer,  but  keep  well  thy  tongue,  and 
liiink  apon  the  crow. 

Ifrwn  tunrf  tiifl  ha  ■wii  wtam  nima. 
Of  lyilTi^i.  wtiellMr  rtiejr  ben  Ad*  or  traip*] 
Wbeno  thoa  oaoMit.  amongBt  hl^  or  Iowa, 
Kip  «■!  tby  toafe,  and  think  apoa  Mm  ero««. 
Omdv.  Cmiumr*mnr  Tmlm,  17.»l-4  (ISSi). 

%♦  TWs  is  Ovid's  tale  of  "Coionis" 
in  the  Mekmorpkoaes,  iu  543,  etc 

Manda'ne  (3  syL),  wife  of  Zamti  the 
Clmiese  mandarin,  and  mother  of  Hamet. 
Hamet  was  sent  to  Corea  to  be  brought 
up  by  Momt,  while  MandanS  brought  up 
Xaphimri  (under  the  name  of  Etan),  the 
orphan  prince  and  only  surviving  repre- 
aentative  of  the  royid  race  of  China. 
Hamet  led  a  puty  cf  insurgents  against 
IVmnrkan',  was  seized,  and  ordered  to 
be  pat  to  death  as  the  supposed  prince. 
Maadand  tried  ta  save  him,  confessed  he 
was  Boi  the  prince ;  and  Etaa  came  for- 
ward as  the  real  "orphan  of  China.** 
Timurkaa,  unable  to  sohne  the  mystery. 
ordered  both  to  death,  and  Mandane 
with  her  husband  to  the  torture:  but 
MaadanS  stabbed  herself  .—Murphy,  The 
Orphan  of  China  (1769), 

ManOame  (2  ty/.),  the  heroine  of  Mdlle. 
Scnd'erfs  romance  called  Cyrus  the  Qreat 
(1660). 

Manda'no  and  Stati'ra^  stock 
names  of  melodramatic  romance.  When 
A  romance  writer  hangs  the  world  on  the 
caprice  of  a  woman,  he  chooses  a  Mandand 
or  Stadra  for  his  heroine.  Maadand  of 
classic  story  was  the  daughter  of  kiag 
Aatvlg^  wife  of  Cambys^,  and  mother 
of  Cyrus  the  Great.  Statira  was  daugh- 
ter of  Darius  the  Persian,  and  wife  of 
Alexander  the  Great. 

Man'dans,  an  Indian  tribe  of  Dacota, 
in  the  United  States,  noted  for  their  skill 
in  horsemanship. 

■ot  Am  baAOo^a  track,  nor  the  MJuiduur  dazterou 


Mandeville,  any  one  who  draws 
the  loag-bow  ;  a  flam.  Sir  John  Man- 
derille  \Man\de.v%l],  an  English  travel- 
ler, published  a  narrative  of  his  voyages, 
which  abounds  in  the  most  extravagant 
fictions  (1800-1872). 

Oh!  ho  h  •  modem  Manderflle.    At  OtXvA  ho  aw 

•i«n9»tfh«insnlilMd  tgr  the  (iiertlow  appellatinn  of  "  Am 
Bamwr."    Seaianl  Fool%  Tk«  UmrJL  I  (iTfli. 


MamdeviUe  (Bernard  €fa),  a  licentious, 
deistlcal  writer,  author  of  The  Virgin 
Unmasked  (1T0»).  Free  Thonghte  <m  Re- 
liaion  (1712),  FabUcfthe  Bees  (1714),  etc. 
(167a-17d«). 

Man'drabnl's  Offering,  one  tiiat 
decreases  at  every  repetitionTMandrabul 
of  Samofl,  having  discovered  a  gold-mine, 
offered  a  golden  ram  to  Juno  for  the  dis- 
covery. Next  year  he  offeied  a  silver 
one,  the  third  year  a  brazen  one,  and  the 
fourth  year  nothing. 

Mandrag'ora,  a  naieatic  and  love- 
idulter. 

Vot  Ponv*  ■affiaandhafufa, 
Vor  «It  dio  drowqr  iim«a  of  the  warid. 
Om  everinod'diie  thee  to  that  awaet  Bleep 
Whkh  thoa  owaM  featerday. 

aiakaapaar^  OUaffd.  act  ttt  ae.  »  aii). 
Bate  the  pgrgaidea  made  < 


Bai^,  the  pgrgaidea  made  jrau  di 
Bathing  In  mandruDrat 

Mn.  Brovaing. 


/>a«f  Am.IL 

Mandricardo,  king  of  Tartary,  SOB 
of  Agrlcan.  Mandricardo  wore  Hector's 
cuirass,  married  Dor&lis,  and  was  slain 
bv  Roge'ro  in  single  combat.— Bojardo, 
Orlando  Tnnamorato  (1495)  :  Ariosto,  <?r- 
lando  Furioso  (1516). 

Mandriooardo,  a  knight  whose 
adventures  are  recorded  by  Baiahona 
{Mandriccardo^  etc^  i.  70,  71). 

Manduee  (2  st/L),  the  idol  Gluttony, 
venerated  by  the  Gastroraters,  a  people 
whose  god  was  their  belly. 

ItlaaaioMtrauBflcarej.  .  .  Ita  ayea  ara  Unar  «uui 
ttabeny.  and  iia  head  laiver  than  all  the  rett  ofTta  bodr, 
.  .  .  harlng  a  goodly  pair  of  wide  Jam  lined  vlth  two 

sowa  or  taeth.  whleh.  br  the  im«ie  of  twine,  ant  atade  t* 
daah,  chatter,  and  imttle  one  against  the  other,  a*  the 
Jaw*  of  St  Oemenfa  dragon  on  St.  Mark'a  pcocealoa  at 
Ifata.— BaMala.  fmmtmarml,  hr.  W  (IMS). 

Mcmette  i.I>r.),  of  Beauvais.  He 
had  been  imprisoned  eighteen  years,  and 
had  gradually  lost  his  memory.  After 
his  release  he  somewhat  recovered  it, 
but  any  train  of  thought  connected  with 
his  prison  life  produced  a  relapse.  While 
in  prison,  the  doctor  msde  shoes,  and, 
whenever  the  relapse  occurred,  his  desire 
for  cobbling  returned. 

Lucie  Manettef  the  loving,  golden- 
haired,  blue-eyed  dauf^ter  of  Dr.  Ma- 
nette.    She  marries  Charles  Damav. 

Lode  Maaette  had  a  forehead  with  the  alngnlar  capacity 


MANET. 


604 


MANLT. 


of  Itftlng  and  knitting  Itself  Into  an  wpii lun  ttiaC 
not  quite  one  of  pMplexitjr,  or  wonder,  or  alann.  or 
oieraly  of  bright  fixed  attention,  though  U  Indnded  all 
the  four  exproriont.— C  Dkkona,  A  TaU  •f  Tmo  CMm, 
L  4  (1809). 

Maney  or  Mannt  (Sir  Walter),  a 

native  of  Bclginm,  who  came  to  Eneland 

as  page  to  Philippa  queen  of  Edward  III. 

When  he  first  b^^n  his  career  of  arms, 

he  and  some  yonng  companions  of  his 

own  age  put  a  black  patch  over  their  left 

eve,  and  vowed  never  to  remove  it  till 

they  had  performed  some  memorable  act 

in  the  French  wars  (died  1872). 

With  whom  oar  Manejr  here  dcaertedly  doth  iland. 
Which  lint  Inventor  was  of  that  ooomgroos  band 
Who  closed  their  left  er«  op,  as  never  to  be  fk«ed 
Tin  there  tbty  had  achieved  some  high  adventurous  deed. 
Drayton,  Potgottkm,  xvUL  (ISIS). 

Man'fred  (Count),  son  of  Si^is- 
mnnd.  He  sells  himself  to  the  pnnce 
of  darkness,  and  received  from  him  seven 
spirits  to  do  his  bidding.  The^  were  the 
spirits  of  "earth,  ocean,  air,  night, 
mountains,  winds,  and  the  star  of  his 
own  destiny."  Wholly  without  human 
sympathies,  the  count  dwelt  in  splendid 
solitude  among  the  Alpine  Mountains. 
He  once  loved  the  beautiful  As'tarte  (2 
syl.),  and,  after  her  murder,  went  to  the 
hall  of  Arima'n6s  to  see  her.  The  spirit 
of  Astarte  informed  him  that  he  would 
die  the  following  day ;  and  when  asked 
if  she  loved  him,  she  sighed  "  Manfred," 
and  vanished. — Byron,  Manfred  (1817). 

*^  Byron  sometimes  makes  Astarte 
two  syllables  and  sometimes  three.  The 
usual  pronunciation  is  A8,tar-te, 

Mangerton  (The  laird  of),  John 
Armstrong,  an  old  warrior  who  witnesses 
the  national  combat  in  Liddesdale  valley 
between  his  own  son  (the  Scotch  cham- 
pion) and  Foster  (the  English  champion). 
The  laird's  son  is  vanquished.— Sir  W. 
Scott,  The  Laird's  Jock  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Manicbe'an  (4  syl.),  a  disciple  of 
Man§s  or  Manachee  the  Persian  here- 
siarch.  The  Manicheans  believe  in  two 
opposing  principles — one  of  ^ood  and  the 
other  of  evil.  Theodora,  wishing  to  ex- 
tirpate these  heretics,  put  100,000  of  them 
to  the  swcrd. 

Vet  would  die  outke  ftall  many  a  Mankbean. 

Bjrron.  Don  Jman,  vL  8  (183^ 

Man) con,  a  species  of  nightshade, 
supposed  to  produce  madness. 

Manlto  or  Mani'tou,  the  Great 
Spirit  of  the  North  American  Indians. 
These  Indians  acknowledge  two  supreme 
spirits — a  spirit  of  good  and  a  spirit  of 
«vil.  The  former  they  call  Gitchi' 
Ucaatu,  and  the  latter   MitchS-Maniio, 


The  good  spirit  is  mnbdlized  by  an  ei^ 

and  the  evil  one  by  a  serpent. — Loag- 

fellow,  Hiatcatha,  xir. 

iks  when  the  evD  ManMoD  that  drfai 
Ih'  Ohio  woods,  oonsttoas  them  In  hh  Ira. 
OanqDbell,  Ottrud*  tf  W^^mbng.  L 17  (ISQD. 

Manlirifl,  sumamed  TonrnatHS,  the 
Roman  consul.  In  the  Latin  war,  he 
gave  orders  that  no  Roman,  on  pain  of 
death,  should  engage  in  single  combat. 
One  of  the  Latins  having  provoked 
young  Manlius  by  repeated  insults,  he 
slew  him ;  but  when  the  young  man  tooic 
the  spoils  to  his  father,  Manlius  ordered 
him  to  be  put  to  death  for  violating  the 
commands  of  his  superior  officer. — Bxumat^ 
Story, 

Manlius  Camtoli'nns,  eonsul  of 
Rome  B.C.  892,  tnen  militaiy  tribune. 
After  the  battle  of  Allia  (390),  seeing 
Rome  in  the  power  of  the  Gauls,  he 
threw  himself  into  the  capitol  with  1000 
men,  surprised  the  Gauls,  and  put  them 
to  the  sword.  It  was  for  this  achieve- 
ment he  was  called  Capitoiinua,  Sub- 
sequently he  was  charged  with  aiming 
at  sovereignty,  and  was  hurled  to  death 
from  the  Tarpeian  Rock. 

\*  Lafosse  (1698)  has  a  tragedy  called 
Manlius  Capitolinus,  and  **  Manlius'*  was 
one  of  the  favourite  characters  of  Tahna 
the  French  actor.  Lafosse*s  drama  is  an 
imitation  of  Otway*s  tragedy  of  Vemoe 
Preserved  (1682). 

Manljr,   the   lover  of    lady   Grace 

Tovmly  sister-in-law  of   lord    Townly. 

Manly    is   the    cousin    of    sir   Francis 

Wronghead,  whom  he  saves  hx>m  utter 

ruin.     He  is  noble,  judicious,  upright, 

and  sets  all  things  right  that  are  going 

wrong. — ^Yanbrugh  and  Gibber,  The  Pro^ 

vokdd  Husband  (1728). 

The  aildrsss  and  manner  of  Dennis  Delana  flTQfr-lTBSl 
were  easy  and  polite ;  and  he  excelled  In  the  weBbred 
man.  sooh  as  "  Manly."— T.  Davlas. 

Manly,  "  the  plain  dealer.**  An  honest, 
surly  sea-captain,  who  thinks  everv  one 
a  rascal,  and  believes  himself  to  be  no 
better.  Manly  forms  a  good  contrast  to 
Olivia,  who  is  a  consummate  hypocrite 
of  most  unblushing  effrontery. 

"Ooonterfelt  honours,"  says  Manly.  "wOD  not  h« 
enrrent  with  me.  I  weigh  the  man.  not  his  Utiea.  Tie 
not  the  king's  stamp  can  make  the  metal  better  or 
heavier."— H^noberly,  THt  Ptaim  DrnXtr,  1. 1  (1677). 

*«*  Manly,  the  plain  dealer,  is  a  copy 
of  Moli^re's  "  Misanthrope,*'  the  prototype 
of  which  was  the  due  de  Montausier. 

Manly   (Captain),  the  fianc^  of  Ara- 
bella    ward    of    justice    Day    and 
heiress. 


MANLY. 


606 


BfANSFIELD. 


AraMfa.  I  like  him  mocb— b*  tMim  plmln  ami  1 
Mmtk.  PlalB  enoagb,  hi  all  eooadaneei 

T.  Knight,  rk«  JTmmvC  TUmm. 

Manly  (Colonel) ^  a  blaif,  honest  soldier, 
to  whom  honour  is  demrer  than  life. 
The  hero  of  Uie  drama. — Mrs.  CentUvre, 
I%e  Beau'8  Duel  (1708). 

"M***-"""  (Mrs,),  a  dishonest,  grasping 
woman,  who  kept  a  branch  workhouse, 
where  children  were  farmed.  Oliver 
Twist  was  sent  to  her  child-farm.  Mrs. 
Mann  systematically  starved  the  children 
placed  under  her  charge. — C.  Dickens, 
Oliver  Tunst  (1837). 

Mannaia,  goddess  of  retribution. 
The  word  in  Italian  means  "  an  axe." 


Al  la  a  tarrOile  nMNnent  came  the  blow 
Ikac  beatiliNni  Paolo's  Ibtio*.  ended  Um  play 
O*  the  fbU.  and  fanaigfat  Mannaia  on  the  ■tags. 
R.  Bromilng.  TlU  Mtng  omf  tht  Book.  uL  (date 
or  Um  11017.1487% 

TiffannoriTig  (Ouy)  or  colonel  Man- 
nering. 

Mrs,  Maimering  (nSe  Sophia  Well- 
wood),  wife  of  Guy  Mannering. 

Julia  Mannermg,  daughter  of  Guy. 
She  marries  captam  Bcrtotm.  **  Rather 
a  hare-brained  ^rl,  but  well  deserving  the 
kindest  regards  *'  (act  i.  2  of  the  drama- 
tired  version). 

Sir  Foul  Mcmneringj  imcle  to  Guy 
Mannering. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Ouy  Manner- 
ing  (time,  Gcoige  II.). 

*«*  Scott's  talo  of  Ouy  Mannering  has 
been  dramatized  by  Daniel  Terry. 

ICano'a,  the  fabulous  capital  of  £1 
Dora'do,  the  houses  of  which  ci^  were 
roofed  with  gold.  El  Dorado  was  said 
to  be  situated  on  the  west  shore  of  lake 
Farime,  at  the  month  of  a  large  river. 

Manon  I'Ssoaut,  the  heroine  of  a 
French  novel  entitled  nistoire  de  Chevalier 
Desgrieux  et  de  Manon  Lesooty  by  A.  F. 
Provost  (1738).  Manon  is  the  ''fair  mis- 
chief *^  oi  the  story.  Her  charms  seduce 
and  ruin  the  chevalier  des  Grieux,  who 
marries  her.  After  marriage,  the  selfish 
mistress  becomes  converted  mto  the  f  aith- 
fol  wife,  who  follows  her  husband  into 
disgrace  and  baniahment,  and  dies  by  his 
side  in  the  wilds  of  America. 

*«*  The  object  of  this  novel,  like  that 
of  Za  Ikune  aux  Cam^tiaa,  by  Dumas //s 
(1848),  is  to  show  how  true-hearted,  how 
self-sacrificing,  how  attractive,  a  jtlle  de 
joiemnj  be. 

ICanri'oo,  the  supposed  son  of  Axu- 
ee'na  tiie  ffip*yt  but  m  reality  the  son 
of  Gania  (brother  of  the  conte  di  Lnna). 
LeoQo'rm  is  in  love  with  him,  but  the 


count  entertains  a  base  passion  for  her, 
and,  getting  Manrico  into  his  power,  con- 
demns him  to  death.  Leonora  promises 
the  count  to  give  herself  to  him  if  he 
will  spare  the  life  of  Manrico.  He  con- 
sents, but  while  he  goes  to  release  his 
**  nephew,"  Leonora  sucks  poison  from  a 
ring  and  dies.  Manrico,  on  perceiving 
this,  dies  also. — Verdi,  it  TrwaU/ri  (an 
opera,  1858). 

Man's,  a  fashionable  coifee-house  in 
the  reign  of  Charles  II. 

Mans  (Ths  count  of),  Roland,  nephew 
of  Charlemagne.  He  is  also  odled  the 
"  knight  of  BUuves." 

ManBOl  (Sir  Edward),  lieutenant  of 
the  Tower  of  London. 

Lady  Mansel,  wife  of  sir  Edward. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Fortunes  of  Nigel  (time,  James 
L). 

Mansfield  (The  Miller  of),  a  hu- 
morous, good-natured  counir3rmfln,  who 
offered  Henry  VIII.  hospitality  when  he 
had  lost  himself  in  a  hunting  exuedition. 
The  miller  ^ve  the  king  half  a  bed  with 
his  son  Richard.  Next  morning,  the 
courtiers  were  brought  to  the  cottsge  by 
under-keepers,  and  Henry,  in  merry  pin, 
knighted  nis  host,  who  thus  became  sir 
John  Cockle.  He  then  made  him  '*  Aver- 
seer  of  Sherwood  Forest,"  with  a  salary 
of  1000  marks  a  year. — R.  Dodslev,  The 
King  and  the  MUler  of  Mansfield  (1737). 

*^  In  the  ballad  called  Tlte  Kinf  and 
the  MUler  of  Mansfield,  the  king  is  Henry 
II.,  and  there  are  several  other  points  of 
difference    between    the  ballad  and  the 

Slay.  In  the  play,  Cockle  hears  a  gun 
red,  and  goes  out  to  look  for  poachers, 
when  he  lays  hold  of  the  king,  but,  being 
satisfied  tlmt  he  is  no  poacher,  he  takes 
him  home.  In  the  ballad,  the  king  out- 
rides his  lords,  gets  lost,  and,  meeting  the 
miller,  asks  of  him  a  night's  lodging. 
When  the  miller  feels  satisfied  with  the 
face  and  bearing  of  the  stranger,  he 
entertains  him  right  hospitably.  He 
gives  him  for  supper  a  venison  pasty, 
but  tolls  him  on  no  account  to  tell  the 
king  "  that  they  made  free  with  his  deer." 
Another  point  of  difference  is  this:  In 
the  play,  the  courtiers  are  seized  by  the 
under-keepers,  and  brought  to  Cockle's 
house ;  but  in  the  ballad  they  track  the 
king  and  appear  before  him  next  morning. 
In  uie  play,  the  king  settles  on  sir  John 
Cockle  1000  marks ;  in  the  ballad,  £300  a 
year. — Percy,  Beliques,  III.  ii.  20. 

(Of  course,  as  Dodsley  introduced  the 
"firing   of  a  gun,"   he  was   obliged  to 


KANSUR. 


900 


UARCELUL 


bring  down  his  date  to  more  modern 
times,  and  none  of  the  Henrys  between 
Henry  II.  and  Henry  VIII.  would  be  the 
least  likely  to  indolge  in  such  a  prank.) 

Manaur  (Elijah),  a  warrior,  prophcti 
and  priest,  who  taught  a  more  tolerant 
form  of  Isl&m,  but  not  being  an  orthodox 
Moslem,  he  was  condemned  to  impri« 
•onment  in  the  bowels  of  a  mooatMn. 
Mansur  is  to  re-appear  and  wave  his 
conquering  sword,  to  the  terror  of  the 
Muscovite. — Milner,  Gailery  of  Geo- 
graphj/f  781.     (See  Barbarossa.) 

Mantaooi'ni,  a  charlatan,  who  pro- 
fessed to  restoreUie  dead  to  life. 

Mantali'ni  (Madame),  a  Asshionable 
milliner  near  Cavendish  sauare,  Lond<Mi. 
She  dotes  upon  her  hosbano,  and  supports 
him  in  idleness. 

Mr,  Mantalini,  the  husband  of  madame: 
he  is  a  man-doll  and  cockney  fop,  noted 
fur  his  white  teeth,  his  mincea  oaths, 
and  bis  gorgeous  morning  gown.  Tliis 
'^exouisite**  lives  on  his  wife's  earnings, 
and  tninks  he  confers  a  favour  on  her  by 
lavishing  her  money  on  his  selfish  in- 
dulgences.— C.  Dickens,  Nichohs  NickUby 
(1838). 

ItfftTitle  ( Ths  Boy  and  the).  One  day, 
a  litde  boy  presented  himself  before  king 
Arthur,  and  showed  him  a  curious  mantle 
"  which  would  become  no  wife  that  was 
not  lefu**  to  her  true  lord.  The  queen 
tried  it  on,  but  it  changed  its  colour  and 
fell  into  shreds ;  sir  Kay's  lady  tried  it 
on,  but  with  no  better  success;  others 
followed,  but  only  sir  Cradock*s  wife 
could  wear  it. — Percy,  Seliques, 

Mantuaa    (The),   that  is.  Baptbta 

Spag'nolus,  sumamed  Mantmrnm,  from 

the  place  of  his  birth.   He  wrote  poems 

and  eclogues  in  Latin.    His  woriui  were 

translated  into  English  by  George  l\iber- 

Tilleinl567.    He  Uved  1443-1616. 

Ah.  ioa4  oU  MmtaMi  1  I  aMjr  «Mk  of  dwe  m  tk« 
tavvltar  dotii  of  Yank* : 

Vlnatift.  TliMfla. 
Chi  OKNi  t*  Teds,  M  aon  to  pncto. 
Bbakmpmn.  Lonf*  Laboia^t  Utt,  Mt  hr.  ac.  t  (IBM). 

Mantuan  Swan  (The),  ViigU,  a 
native  of  Mantua  (b.c.  70-19). 


MaaUia  OM  gBOuH ;  OnkM 
PMtbcnopf ;  mdni  pMctM.  num.  dooH. 

OiwrifyUTf  Tomb  (oompoMd  t^  lllliM*:!). 
A«M  akpMd  era  HonM'i  fauup  app«u«d  ; 

Cowper. 

Ma'nuoodia'ta^  a  bird  resembling  a 
■wallow,  found  in  the  Molucca  Islanda. 
"  It  has  no  feet,  and  though  the  body  ia 
Doi  U^ocer  ttuui  that  of  a  awallow,  the 


span  of  its  wingps  is  equal  to  that  of  am 
eagle.  These  birds  never  approach  th« 
earth,  but  the  female  lays  her  eggs  on 
the  back  of  the  male,  and  hatches  Ibcm 
in  her  own  breast.  Tney  lire  on  the  dew 
of  heaven,  and  eat  neither  animal  nor 
vegetable  food.**— Gonkui,  De  Bermn 
Varietatt  (1557). 

Lea  pa-IB  th«  footlMi  fo«rl  of  haavw.  Unit  u&tm 


MM  upoa  Mrth,  bal  «i  tlM  wlair  Rar  e«w, 
Horariiic  o:«r  iowan.  tiMir  Iki^mt  food 


Drink  Um  deweatUng  dew  appn  Uie  ww. 
Aad  aUep  aloft  wMla  So«tii«  on  dto  0ri«. 

rVifrt-M.gLS<iaiL, 


Manuel  dn  Soea,  governor  «f 
Lisbon,  and  brother  of  Oniomar  (mother 
of  the  vainglorious  Duarte,  8  syL), — 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The  Custom  oi 
the  Country  (1(>47). 

Ml^p  (Mr»,),  bone-«etter.  She  was 
bom  at  Epsom^  and  at  one  time  was  very 
rich,  but  uie  died  io  great  poverty  at  h«r 
lodgings  in  Seven  Dials,  1737. 

*«*  Hogarth  has  introduced  her  in  hit 
heraldic  picture,  **The  Undertakers' 
Arms.**  She  is  the  niiddie  of  the  threa 
figures  at  the  top,  the  other  two  being 
Dr.  Ward  on  the  right  hand  of  tba 
spectator,  and  Dr.  Taylor  on  the  left. 

MiMlTneda,  the  queen  of  the  South, 
who  visited  Solomon,  and  had  by  him  a 
son  named  Meledi. — ^Zaga  Zabo,  Ap, 
Jkamana  Goes, 

%*  Maqueda  is  genesaUy  called  Balkia 
queen  of  Saba  or  Zaba. 

Maroassin  (Princey  This  mamaj 
tale  is  from  the  Nights,  of  Straporola,  ao 
Italian  (sixteenth  century).  Translated 
into  French  in  1585. 

Marcelia^  the  "Desdemona**  of 
Massinger's  Ihthe  of  Milan,  Sforsa 
*'the  More"  doted  on  his  young  bride, 
and  Marcelia  returned  h»  love.  During 
Sforta's  absence  at  the  camp,  Francesco, 
**  the  lord  protector,**  tried  to  seduce  tiis 
^ung  bride  from  her  fidelity,  and,  fail- 
ing in  his  purpose,  accused  her  to  the  dnks 
of  wishing  to  play  the  wanton.  "I 
laboured  to  divert  her  .  .  .  uigtd  yoar 
much  love  .  .  .  but  hourly  she  piuusd 
me.'*  The  duke,  in  a  paroxysm  si  jei^ 
lousy,  flew  on  Marcelia  and  slew  bar.— » 
Massinger,  The  Duke  of  MUan  (1623). 

Mai^cella,  daughter  of  William  • 
fkrmer.  Her  father  and  mother  died 
while  she  was  young,  leaving  her  ia 
charge  of  an  uncle.  She  was  **the 
most  beautiful  creature  ever  sent  into  the 
world,"  and  every  bachelor  who  saw 
fell  madly  in  love  with  her,  but  she 
dined  their  suits.    One  of  her  teveES  waa 


MARCELUN  DE  PETRAS.         607 


lURDI-GRAS. 


CSirysofltoin,  the  favourite  of  the  village, 
irho  died  of  disappointed  hope,  and  uie 
Bbephcrdfl  wrote  on  his  tombstone : 
**  From  ChiTSostom^s  fate,  learn  to  abhor 
Haicella,  that  common  enemy  of  man, 
vhoee  beautj  and  cruelty  are  both  in 
the  extreme.*^— Cervantes,  Don,  Quixote, 
I.  ii.  4,  5  (1605). 

ICaroollin  de  Peyras.  The  cheva^ 
Her  to  whom  the  baron  de  Peyras  gave 
np  hie  estates  when  he  retired  to  Grenoble. 
De  Peyias  eloped  with  lady  Ernestine, 
but  soon  tired  of  her,  and  fell  in  love  with 
his  eousin  Maigaret,  the  baron's  dans^- 
ter.— E.  StirUi^,  The  Q^ld-Mme  or  The 
MUler  ef  GrenMe  (1854). 

ICaroelli'na,  daughter  of  Rocco 
jailer  of  Uie  State  prison  of  Seville.  She 
fell  in  love  with  Fidelio,  her  £ather*s 
servant ;  but  this  Fidelio  turned  out  to  be 
Leonora,  wife  of  the  State  prisoner  Fer^ 
nando  Florestan. — ^Beethoven,  Fidelio  (an 
opera,  1791). 

ICaroello,  in  Meyerfoeer^s  opera  of 
Z,es  HuguenotSf  unites  in  marriage  Valen- 
ti'na  and  Raoal  (1836). 

MareeUot  the  pscndonym  of  tiie  duchess 
of  Castigliond  Colonna,  widow  of  the 
due  Charles  de  Castiglioad.  Aldiovaadi. 
The  best  works  of  this  noted  sculptor 
are  **  The  (rorgon,"  "  Marie  Antoinette," 
*'  Hecate,''  and  the  **  Pythia"  in  bronze. 
Bora  1837. 

MareelluB  {M,  CUmdivu),  called 
"  The  Sword  of  Rome."  Fabins  <'  Cune- 
tator"  was  *<  The  Shield  ef  Rome." 


Marcd^ius,  an  officer  of  Denmark,  to 
whom  the  ghost  of  the  murdered  king  ap- 
peared before  it  presented  itself  to  prince 
Hamlet.— Shakespeare,  BanUet  (1596). 

MarcMoness  (  The),  tiiie  half -starved 
girl-of-all-work,  in  the  service  of  Samp> 
son  Brws  and  lus  sister  Sally.  She  was 
■o  Umesome  and  dnlL  tiiat  it  afforded  her 
relief  to  peep  al  Mr.  Swiveller  even 
tfaroi^  the  keyhole  of  his  door.  Though 
•o  dir^  and  ill  eared  for,  "the  mar- 
diioness  "  was  sharp-w^ted  and  cunning. 
Jt  was  Mr.  Swiveller  who  called  her 
tibe  **  mardiieness,**  when  she  played 
eards  witii  him,  "because  it  seemed 
more  real  and  pleasant"  to  play  with  a 
mardiioness  than  with  a  domestic  slavy 
(ch.  Ivii.).  When  Dick  Swiveller  was 
twmed  away  and  fell  sick,  the  "mar- 
chioness" nursed  him  carefully,  and  he 
afterwards  married  her. — C.  Dickens,  The 
Oid  CunosUy  Shop  (1840). 


Marclimont  (Misa  Matilda),  the  oon^ 
fidante  of  .lulia  Mannering.— -Sir  W, 
Scott,  Ouy  Mannering  (time,  George  II.)* 

ICarcian,  armourer  to  count  Robert 
of  Paris.— Sir  W.  Scott,  CowU  Mobert  of 
Paris  (time,  Rufus). 

Marck  (WUiiam  de  la),  a  Frendi 
nobleman,  called  "The  Wild  Boar  of 
Ardennes  "  {SangUer  det  Ardenties), — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Quentin  Dunoard  (time,  Edward 

IV.). 

Maroliife  (TheophUus),  pseudonym 
of  William  Godwin  (autiior  of  Caleb 
Witliaios,  1756-1886). 

Marooxnanio  War,  a  war  carried 
on  by  the  Marcomanni,  under  the  leader- 
ship of  Maroboduus,  who  made  himself 
master  of  Bohemia,  etc.  Maroboduus 
was  defeated  by  Arminius,  and  his  con- 
federation broken  up  (a.d.  20).  In  the 
second  Christian  century  a  new  war  broke 
out  between  the  Marcomanni  and  the 
Romans,  which  lasted  thirteen  years.  In 
A.D.  180  peace  was  purchased  by  the 
RomMis,  and  the  war  for  a  time  ceased. 

MarcoB  do  Obregon^  the  hero  of  a 
Spanish  romance,  from  which  Lesa<;e  has 
borrowed  very  freely  in  his  Gil  Bias. — 
Vicente  Espinel,  Vida  del  £scudero  Marcoi 
de  Obrcgon  (1618). 

Marculf,  in  the  oomio  poem  of  SaU* 
m»th  and  Mareulf,  a  fool  who  outwits  the 
Sage  ef  Israel  by  knavery  and  cunning. 
The  earliest  version  of  the  poem  extant 
is  a  German  one  ef  the  twelfth  century. 

MarciUB,  son  of  Cato  of  Utica,  a 
warm-hearted,  impulsive  young  man, 
passionately  in  love  with  Lucia  daughter 
of  Lucius;  but  Lucia  loved  the  more 
temperate  brother,  Portius.  Marcus  was 
slain  by  (Caesar's  soldiers  when  they  in- 
vaded Utica. 

Mwncas  is  ftirions,  wild  Id  hb  eooiplaintt; 

I  iMwr  with  a  acrvt  kind  or  drswC 

Aad  Innble  at  hb  vvberaenoe  of  tamper. 

Addbon.  Oato,  L  1  (1719). 

Mardi-Oras  {Le),  the  last  day  of  the 

carnival,  noted  in  Paris  for  the  tiavestie 

of  a  Roman  procession  marching  to  offer 

an  ox  in  sacrifice  to  the  gods.    The  ox, 

which  is  always  the  "  i^rize  "  beast  of  the 

season,  is  decorated  with  gilt  horns  and 

fillet  round  its  head,  mock  priests  with 

axes,  etc.,  march  beside  it,  a  band  with 

all  sorts  of  tin  instruments  or  instruments 

of  thin  brass  follow,  and  lictors,  etc.,  lill 

up  the  procession. 

TotH  Im  mu  OD  Tient  da  b  rflto 
Los  niaiduuids  dMi>  dm  i^"^i»n^ 


MARDONIUS. 


608 


MARGARET  GATCHPOLB. 


Poor  lea  metier  max  TtaUeriei^ 

Ai  Miirdi-tinut.  devmnt  le  roi 

Et  puis  lea  veiidre  aux  boucherka. 
i'Mima  Jeanne  ma  frrome.  eh,  ha!  J'aimeraU  mleax 
La  Toir  mouiir  qne  Toir  mourlr  tnea  boeufs. 

Pirrra  Dupont.  /x$  Bou^m. 

Mardonius  (Captain) ,  in  Beaaniont 
and  Fletcher's  drama  called  A  King  or 
Ifo  King  (1(>19). 

Mareschal  of  Maresohal  Wells 

(  Yottng),  one  of  the  Jacobite  conspirators, 
under  the  leadership  of  Mr.  Richard  Yere 
laird  of  EUiesUw.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Jilack  Dxcarf  (time,  Anne). 

Marfi'sa,  an  Indian  qaeen. — Bojardo, 
Orlando  Innamorato  (1495),  and  Ariosto, 
Orlando  Furioso  (1516), 

Marfoiio's  Statue.  This  statue 
lies  on  the  ground  in  Rome,  and  was  at  one 
time  used  for  libels,  lampoons,  and  jests, 
but  was  never  so  much  used  as  Pasquin's. 

Margar'eloii  (4  ayl,)^  a  Trojan  hero 
of  modem  fable,  who  performed  deeds  of 
marvellous  bravery.  Lydgate,  in  bis  Boke 
of  Troy  (1513),  calls  him  a  son  of  Priam. 
According  to  this  authority,  Margarelon 
attacked  Achillas,  and  fell  by  his  hand. 

Margaret^  only  child  and  heiress  of 
sir  Giles  Overreach.  Her  father  set  his 
heart  on  her  marrying  lord  Lovel,  for  the 
summit  of  his  ambition  was  to  see  her  a 
peeress.  But  Margaret  was  modest,  and 
could  see  no  happiness  in  ill-assorted 
marriages ;  so  she  remained  faithful  to 
Tom  Allworth,  the  man  of  her  choice. 
— Massinger,  A  New  Way  to  Pay  Old 
DeUs  (1G28). 

Margaret^  wife  of  Vandunke  (2  syl.) 
the  drunken  bui^omaster  of  Bruges. — 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The  Beggars' 
Bush  (1622). 

Margaret  (Ladye)^  "  the  flower  of 
Teviot,**  daughter  of  the  duchess  Mar- 

faret  and  lord  Walter  Scott  of  Branksome 
(all.  The  ladve  Margaret  was  beloved 
by  Henry  of  Cranstown,  whose  family 
had  a  deadly  feud  with  tiiat  of  Scott. 
One  day,  the  elfin  page  of  lord  Cranstown 
enveigled  the  heir  of  Branksome  Hall 
(then  a  lad)  into  the  woods,  where  the 
boy  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  Southerners. 
The  captors  then  marched  with  3000  men 
against  the  castle  of  the  widowed  duchess, 
but  being  told  by  a  spy  that  Douglas, 
with  10,000  men,  was  coming  to  the 
rescue,  an  arrangement  was  made  to 
decide  by  single  combat  whether  the  boy 
should  become  king  Edward's  page,  or  be 
delivered  up  into  the  hands  of  his  mother. 
The  English  champion  (sir  Richard  Mus- 
grave)  fell  by  the  hand  of  sir  William   | 


Deloraine,  and  the  boy  was  delivered  to 
his  mother.  It  was  then  discovered  that 
sir  William  was  in  reality  lord  Cranstown, 
who  claimed  and  received  the  hand  of  the 
fair  Margaret  as  his  reward. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Lay  of  the  Last  Minstrd  (1805). 

Mar'garet^  the  heroine  of  Goethe's  Faust, 
Faust  first  encounters  her  on  her  return 
from  church,  falls  in  love  with  her,  and 
seduces  her.  Overcome  with  shame,  the 
destroys  the  infant  to  which  she  gives 
birth,  and  is  condemned  to  death.  Ifaust 
attempts  to  save  her,  and,  gaining  ad- 
mission  to  her  cell,  finds  her  nuddled  up 
on  a  bed  of  straw,  sin^^g,  like  Ophelia, 
wild  snatches  of  ancient  ballads,  her 
reason  faded,  and  her  death  at  hand. 
Faust  tries  to  persuade  the  mad  girl  to 
flee  with  him,  but  in  vain.  At  1^  the 
day  of  execution  arrives,  and  with  it 
Mephistoph'elds,  passionless  and  ^m. 
Faust  is  hurried  off,  and  Margaret  is  left 
to  her  fate.  Margaret  is  often  called  by 
the  pet  diminutive  "Gretchen,**  and  in 
the  opera  *'Margheri'ta**  (q.v.), — Goethe, 
Faust  (1790). 

Stiake^teara  haa  dnwn  no  mtdb  portiait  aa  tkat  ot  Mar- 
caret;  no  aDch  peculiar  unkm  of  pawton.  rimplicitf, 
homeHiw,  and  wttoheiy.  ThapoverliraiMltelvioraoclaJ 
poriUoa  of  MaivareC  are  never  Mat  right  of— aba  naver  he- 
eomea  an  abatractlon.  It  h  love  aloM  which  eialti  b«r 
abovo  bar  atatioa^— Lewea. 

Margaret  Catohpole,  a  Suffolk 
celebrity,  bom  at  Nscton,  in  that  county, 
in  1773 ;  the  title  and  heroine  of  a  tale  by 
the  Rev.  R.  Cobbold.  She  falls  in  love 
with  a  smuggler  named  Will  Laud,  and 
in  1797,  in  order  to  reach  him,  steals  a 
horse  from  Mr.  J.  Cobbold,  brewer,  of 
Ipswich,  in  whose  service  she  had  lived 
much  respected.  She  dresses  herself 
in  the  groom*s  clothes,  and  makes  her 
way  to  London,  where  she  is  detected 
while  selling  the  horse,  and  is  pot  in 
prison.  She  is  sentenced  to  death  at  the 
Suffolk  assizes — a  sentence  afterwards 
commuted  to  one  of  seven  yean*  transpor- 
tation. Owing  to  a  difficulty  in  sending 
prisoners  to  New  South  Wales,  she  la 
confined  in  Ipswich  jail;  but  from  here 
she  makes  her  escape,  joins  Laud,  who 
is  shot  in  her  defence.  Margaret  is  re- 
captured, and  again  sentenced  to  death, 
which  is  for  the  second  time  commuted 
to  transportation,  this  time  for  life,  and 
she  arrives  at  Port  Jackson  in  1801. 
Here,  by  her  good  behaviour,  she  obtains 
a  free  pardon,  and  ultimately  marries  a 
former  lover  named  John  Bairy,  who  had 
emigrated  and  risen  to  a  high  position  in 
the  colony.  She  died,  much  respected, 
in  the  year  1841. 


MARGARET  FINCH. 


eo9 


MARGHERITA  DI  VALOIS. 


Margaret    Finch,  qacen   of    the 

f'peies.  She  wm  bora  at  Satton,  in 
cot  (1681),  mod  fituOly  settled  in  Nor- 
wttj.  From  a  conataot  habit  of  sitting 
on  the  groond,  with  her  chin  on  her  knees, 
■be  was  unable  to  stand,  and  when  dead 
was  buried  in  a  square  box ;  1740,  aged 
109  years. 

Mars»rot  Gibson,  afterwards 
called  raUen^  a  famous  Scotch  cook, 
who  was  employed  in  tiie  palace  of  James 
L  She  was  born  in  the  reign  of  queen 
Elizabeth,  and  died  June  26,  1789,  either 
136  or  141  years  of  age. 

Margaret  Ijambum,  one  of  the 
servants  of  Blary  queen  of  Scots,  who 
undertook  to  aveng^  the  death  of  her 
royal  mistress.  For  this  end,  she  dressed 
in  man*s  clothes  and  carried  two  pistols — 
one  to  shoot  queen  Elizabeth  and  the 
other  herself.  She  had  reached  the 
garden  where  the  queen  was  walking, 
when  she  accidentally  dropped  one  of  the 
fustols,  was  seized,  earned  before  the 
queen,  and  frantically  told  her  tale. 
When  the  queen  asked  how  she  ex|)ected 
to  be  treated,  Margaret  replied,  "  A  judge 
would  condemn  me  to  det^,  but  it  would 
be  more  royal  to  grant  me  pardon.**  The 
omen  did  so,  and  we  hear  no  more  of 
uis  fanatic 

Margaret  Simon,  daughter  of  Mar- 
tm  Simon  the  miller  of  Grenoble;  a 
brave,  b^iutifuL  and  noble  giri. — E. 
Stirling,  The  OoU^Mine  or  MUler  of 
GrenMe  (1854). 

Margaret  Street,  Portman  Square, 
London.  So  called  from  Margaret, 
only  child  of  Edward  second  earl 
of   Oxford  and   Mortimer.    (See  Bjcn- 

TICK.) 

Mars»ret  of  Ai^ou,  widow  of  king 
Henry  Yl.  of  England.  She  presents 
hovelf,  dianiised  as  a  mendicant,  in 
Strasburg  Cathedral,  to  Philipson  {i.e. 
the  earl  of  Oxford).— Sir  W.  Scott,  Anne 
of  GeiersUin  (time,  Edward  lY.). 

Margaret's  Ghost,  a  ballad  by 
David  Mallet  (1724).  William  courted 
the  fair  Margaret,  but  jilted  her  ;  he 
promised  love,  but  broke  his  promise: 
said  her  face  was  fair,  her  lips  sweet,  and 
her  eyes  bright,  but  left  the  face  to  pale, 
the  eyes  to  weep,  and  the  maid  to 
languish  and  die.  Her  ghost  appeared 
to  him  at  night  to  rebuke  his  heartless- 
ness ;  and  next  morning,  William  left  his 
bed  raving  mad,  hied  nim  to  Margaret's 


grave,  thrice  called  her  by  name,  **aod 
never  word  spake  more.** 

W«  rfMll  IwTe  baOadi  made  of  It  wUhln  two  noatha> 
•eCting  forth  bow •MOMg «|alfe  baeuw •  MnrlDf-aMUi  of 
low  (toeree.  and  ft  wtll  be  Kuck  up  with  Margaret  $ 
Okoat  aipUiiit  tfa«  walla  of  every  eoCtage  In  the  oountir. 
— L  Bi^entafl;  Lorn  U  •  VUlagt  (1763). 

Margaretta,  a  maiden  attached  to 
Robin.  Her  fatJier  wanted  her  to  marry 
**a  stupid  old  man,  because  ht:  was  rich ;" 
80  she  ran  away  from  home  and  lived  as 
a  ballad-singer.  Itobin  emigrated  for 
three  years,  and  made  his  fortune.  He 
was  wreckeid  on  the  coast  of  Cornwall  on 
his  return,  and  met  Margaretta  at  the 
house  of  Farmer  Crop  his  brother-in-law, 
when  the  acquaintance  was  renewed. 
(See  No  Song,  etc.) — Hoare,  No  Song 
no  Supper  (1754-1834). 

Margarit'ta  (/>onna),  a  Spanish 
heiress,  "fair,  young,  and  wealthy,** 
who  resolves  to'  marry  that  she  may 
the  more  freely  indulge  her  wantonness. 
She  selects  Leon  for  her  husband,  because 
she  thinks  him  a  milksop,  whom  she 
can  twist  round  her  thumb  at  pleasure; 
but  no  sooner  is  Leon  married  than  he 
shows  himself  the  master.  By  ruling 
with  great  firmness  and  affection,  he  wins 
the  esteem  of  every  one,  and  the  wanton 
coquette  becomes  a  modest,  devoted,  and 
obedient  wife. — Beaumont  aL.d  Fletcher, 
Bule  a  Wife  and  Have  a  Wife  (1640). 

Margery  (DoTn^),  the  old  nurse  of 
lady  Eveline  Berenger  "  the  betrothed.*' 
—Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Betrothed  (time, 
Henry  II.). 

Margheri'ta,  a  simple,  uncultured 
giri,  of  groat  fascination,  seduced  by 
r'aust.  Margherita  killed  the  infant  of 
her  shame,  and  was  sent  to  jail  for  so 
doing.  In  jail  she  lost  her  reason,  and 
was  condemned  to  death.  When  Faust 
visited  her  in  prison,  and  tried  to  per- 
suade her  to  flee  with  him,  she  refused. 
Faust  was  carried  off  by  demons,  and 
Margherita  was  borne  by  angels  up  to 
heaven ;  the  intended  moral  being,  that 
the  repentant  sinner  is  triumphant.— 
(jounoa,  Fatut  e  Margherita  (1859). 

Margheri'ta  di  Valois.  daughter 
of  Catherine  de  Medicis  and  Henri  11.  of 
France.  She  married  Henri  ie  Beamais 
(afterwards  Henri  lY.  of  France).  It  was 
during  the  wedding  solemnities  of  Mar- 
gherita and  Henn  that  Catherine  de 
Medicis  carried  out  the  massacre  of  the 
French  huguenots.  The  bride  was  at  a 
ball   during   this   horrible   slaughieir.  • 

2a 


HARGIANA. 


(10 


KARIA. 


Meyerbeer,  Let  Hugumota  or  61%  UgonotU 

(i83i;). 

*«*  Francois  I.  tii»ed  to  call  her  La 
Maryueriie  de$  MargueriU*  ("  The  Pearl 
of  Pearb  "). 

Marg^a'na  (Queen),  a  nnesnlman, 
and  oiortai  enemy  of  the  fire-worshippers. 
Prince  Assad  became  her  slave,  but,  l^ing 
8tf»len  by  the  crew  of  Behram,  was 
carried  off.  The  queen  gave  chase  to  the 
ship ;  Assad  was  thrown  overboard,  and 
swam  to  shore.  The  queen  with  an  army 
demanded  back  her  slave,  discovered  thai 
Aesnd  was  a  prince,  and  that  his  half- 
brother  was  king  of  the  city  to  which 
she  had  come ;  whereupon  she  married 
him,  and  carried  him  home  to  her  own 
dominions. — Arabum  NighU  (**Amgiad 
and  Assad  '*). 

Marguttd  (3  syU),  a  low-minded, 
vulgar  giant,  ten  feet  high,  with  enor- 
mous appetite  and  of  the  grossest  sen- 
suality, lie  died  of  laughter  on  seeing  a 
monkey  pulling  on  his  boots. — Pulci, 
Murtjahte  Mcuiijiore  (1488). 

('halchas,  the  Homeric  soothsayer,  died 
of  laughter.     (See  Lauohtek.) 

Marhaus  {Sir),  a  knight  of  the 
Round  Table,  a  king's  son,  and  brother 
of  the  queen  of  Ireland.  TVlien  sir 
Mark  king  of  Cornwall  refused  to  pa^ 
truAge  to  Anguish  king  of  Ireland,  sir 
Marhaus  was  sent  to  ddfy  sir  Mark  and 
all  his  kni^ts  to  single  combat.  No  one 
durst  go  against  him  ;  but  Tristram  said, 
if  Mark  would  knight  him,  he  would 
defend  his  cause.  In  the  comlmt,  sir 
Tristram  was  victorious.  With  his 
sword  he  cut  tli rough  his  adver8ar5''s 
helmet  and  brain-pan,  and  his  sword 
stuck  so  fast  in  the  bone  that  he  had  to 

I  mil  thrice  before  be  could  extricate  it. 
>ir  Blarhaus  contrived  to  get  back  to 
Ireland,  but  soon  died. — Sir  T.  Malory, 
Jlistvru  of  Prince  Arthur,  ii.  7,  8  (1470). 
*4i*  Sir  Marhaus  carried  a  white  shield  ; 
but  as  he  hated  women,  twelve  damsels 
spat  thereon,  to  show  how  they  dis- 
honoured him. — Ditto,  pt.  i.  75. 

Maria^  a  lad>   in  attendance  on  the 

{>rince8s  of  France.  Longaville,  a  young 
ord  in  the  suite  of  Ferdinand  king  of 
Navarre,  asks  her  to  marr}'  him,  but  she 
defers  her  answer  for  twelve  months. 
To  this  Longaville  replies,  **  ni  stay 
with  patience,  but  the  time  is  long  ;'*  and 
Maria  makes  answer,  "  The  liker  you  ; 
few  taller  are  so  young.**— ShakespcarcL 
l<M't  Labcw^t  Loit  (1594). 


Maria,  the  waiting-woman  of  the 
countess  Olivia. — Shakespeare,  Tvoelftk 
Night  (1614). 


Maria,  wifs  of  Frederick  the 
natural  and  IkentioM  krsdier  of  Al- 
phonso  king  of  Naples.  She  it  a  liituo— 
Udy^  and  appears  in  itrong  contnet  to 
her  infamous  husband. — Bmnioat  and 
Fletcher,  A  Wtfe/or  a  Month  (1624). 

Maria,  ^bngliter  and  only  child  of 
Thorowgood  a  wealthy  Lmidon  ncrdiaat. 
She  if  in  love  with  Gtorg«  Barnwell,  her 
father's  apprentice ;  hot  George  ia  exe* 
cuted  for  robbery  and  mnrdcr.— <jeorg« 
Ullo,  George  Bamweil  (1782). 

A  djrinff  BM  mt  for  DttTld  Rov  tto  Mtor  flTSS-lTBei 
•nd  aildfwwfl  him  Um:  "Boom  ftatty  jmn  aao.  Hto 
•Owrgi  Bmv««I.'  I  mrmnmi  anr  mmmt  W  Mpplr  <•« 
■nboondMl  rtttmffnrtr  or  a  '  lUlhvood.'  I  took  her  to 
n*  joor  pcrfbrnmee.  «hkh  »  ritodnd  w  thaft  1  vowd 
tohiwkk  llw  ■oawitlna  ■art  ratan  —  th»  plh  of  ih  t— . 
I  k«pt  taj  molutlon.  rcplaued  Um  mattes  I  had  itoba, 
sad  roand  a  'Maria*  ta  mf  lamr't  dai^tar.  ...  I 
have  now  kftxtoooaaaed  le  your  aaiM  la  aqr  «■  Mi* 
tastanMnt."— Pelham.  CkromMn  9f  Crima. 

Maria,  the  ward  of  nr  Peter  Teazle« 
She  is  in  love  with  Charles  Surface, 
whom  die  ultimately  marries. — Sheridan, 
School  for  Scandal  (1777). 

Maria,  *<  the  maid  of  the  Oaks,** 
brought  up  as  the  ward  of  Oldworth  of 
Oldworth  OiUcs,  but  is  in  reality  hia 
daughter  and  heiress.  Maria  is  engaged 
to  sir  Harry  Groveby,  and  Hurry  8a3'8, 
**  She  is  the  most  charmingest,  sweetest, 
delightfulest,  mildest,  beautifulestj  mo- 
destest,  genteelest  young  creature  in  the 
world.**->r.  Burgeyne,  The  Maid  of  tk$ 
Oaks. 

Maria,  a  maiden  whose  banns  were 
forbidden  **  by  the  euiate  of  the  parish 
who  published  them  : "  in  conaeqnence  of 
whicn,  Maria  lost  her  wits,  aiad  used 
to  sit  on  the  roadside  near  Moulinex 
(f2  svA),  playing  on  a  pipe  vesper  hymns 
to  the  virgin.  She  led  by  a  ribbon  st 
little  dog  named  Silvio,  of  which  she 
was  very  jealous,  for  at  one  time  she  had 
a  favourite  goat,  that  forsook  her.— > 
Sterne,  Sentitncntai  Journey  (1768). 

Maria,  a  foundling,  discorered  b^ 
Sulpizio  a  sergeant  erf  the  11th  regi- 
ment of  Napoleon's  Grand  Army,  and 
adopted  by  toe  regiment  as  their  daugh- 
ter. Tonio,  a  Tyrolese,  saved  her  life 
and  feil  in  love  ¥nth  her,  but  just  as  they 
were  about  to  be  married  the  marchioncsn 
of  Berkenficld  claimed  the  foundling  an 
her  own  daughter,  and  the  suttler-giii 
had  to  quit  the  Foment  for  the  castle. 
After  a  tune,  the  castle  waa  Uken  by  th« 


ICARIA. 


€11 


MARIANA. 


Fren^  juid  ftlthooffh  the  marehioncss 
had  promised  Mana  in  nmrriege  to 
ano^er,  she  coniMtnted  to  her  union  wi^ 
Tonio,  who  had  risen  to  the  rank  of  a 
field-officer.  ~  Donizetti,  Xa  Figlia  del 
Reggvnamto  (an  opera,  1840). 


,  [Delavall,  danghterof  colonel 

Delaval.  P%hted  to  Mr.  Versatile,  bat 
jnst  prcrioos  to  the  marriage  Mr.  Versa- 
tile, by  the  death  of  his  father,  came 
into  a  large  fortune  and  baronetcy.  The 
marriage  was  deferred;  Mr.  (now  sir 
George)  Versatile  went  abroad,  and  became 
a  naa  of  fashion.  They  met,  the  attach- 
ment was  renewed,  uid  tilie  marriage 
eonsnmmated. 


Smnfawi  n^moOm  j^aatA  opoa  bar  contflMiioc 

>  ym  itae  4e%ht  of  h«r  Mendii  the  adninaiaa  of  tbe 

fU.  and  the  coveted  oTevoiyilv.    Lovenofrortiineaiid 

^Mi  niolMMlHl  lor  her  iHuid.  iMt  dw  had  ItfcKwed  har 

L— Hokraft.  AW«  Muck  to  Mama,  w.  3  (1790). 

Maria  [Wilding],  daughter  of  sir 
Jasper  Wilding.  She  is  in  love  with 
Beaufort;  and  being  promised  in  marriage 
against  her  will  to  Geoige  Philpot,  dis- 
gusts him  purposely  by  her  silliness. 
Geoige  refuses  to  marry  her,  and  she 

SVes  hei  band  to  Beaufort— Murphy, 
Itf  Cdizem  (1767). 

Maria  Theresa  Panza,  wife  of 
Sancho  Panza.  She  is  sometimes  called 
Maria,  and  sometimes  Theresa. — (^- 
vantes,  Don  QhixoU  (1605). 

Mariage  Forc6  (Le},  Sganarelle, 
a  ridi  man  of  64,  promises  marriage  to 
Dorim^ne  (3  sy/.),  a  girl  under  20,  but, 
having  scruples  about  &e  matter,  consults 
his  friend,  two  philosophers,  and  the 
gipsies,  from  none  of  whom  can  he  obtain 
ssry  prtcticable  advice.  At  length,  he 
overhears  Dorimtee  telling  a  young  lover 
that  she  only  marries  the  old  man  for  his 
money,  and  that  he  cannot  live  above  a 
few  months ;  so  the  old  man  goes  to  the 
father,  and  declines  the  alliance.  On  this, 
the  father  sends  his  son  to  Sganarelle. 
The  vonng  man  takes  with  him  two 
swords,  and  with  the  utmost  politeness 
and  mmg-froid  requests  Mens,  to  dioose 
one.  Whem  the  old  man  declines  to  do 
so,  tile  young  man  ^ves  him  a  thorough 
driU>biiig,  and  again  with  the  utmost 
politeness  reouests  the  old  man  to  make 
his  choice.  On  his  again  declining  to  do 
so,  he  is  af^n  beaten,  and  at  last  con- 
sents to  ratify  the  marriage.— Molibre,  Le 
Manage  Foro^  (I66i). 

Marl  am  Tift  (4  syl.)^  a  Jewish  princess, 
daughter  of  Alexander  and  wife  of 
Herod  **  the  Great*'    Mariamnd  was  the 


mother  of  Alexander  and  Anstobniua, 
both  of  whom  Herod  put  to  death  in  a 
fit  of  jealousy,  and  then  fell  into  a  state 
of  morbid  madness,  in  which  he  fancied 
he  saw  Mariamnd  and  heard  her  asking 
for  her  sons. 

*«*  This  has  been  made  the  subject 
of  several  tragedies :  e.g,  A.  Hardy, 
MarianMe  (1623);  Pierre  Tristan  I'Kr- 
mite,  Mariamna  (1640)  ;  Voltaire. 
Mariamne  (1724). 

Marian,  *'  the  Muses'  only  darling," 
is  Margaret  countess  of  Cumberland, 
sister  of  Anne  countess  of  Warwick. 

PiBlr  Marian,  tbe  Ma«^  eii<|r  darHni; 
Whose  beautjr  thineth  as  tbe  morninx  dear. 
With  ilhref  dew  apoii  the  ro«ei  pearUng. 
^anaer.  Oolim  Cfomt's  Oow^t  Mom*  AgmUt  (UN). 

Marian^  "  the  parson's  maid,*'  in  love 
with  Colin  Clout  who  loves  Cicelv. 
Marian  sings  a  ditt^  of  dole,  in  which 
she  laments  for  0>lm,  and  savs  how  he 
nve  her  once  a  knife,  but  <*  Woe  b  me  1 
for  knives,  they  tell  me,  always  sever 
love."— Gay,  PastoraU,  ii.  (1714). 

Marian^  "the  daughter"  of  Robert  a 
wrecker,  and  betrothed  to  Kdward  a 
voung  sailor.  She  was  fair  in  persou, 
loving,  and  holy.  During  the  absence  of 
Edward  at  sea,  a  storm  arose,  and  Robert 
went  to  the  coast  to  look  for  plunder. 
Marian  followed  him,  and  in  tne  dusk 
saw  some  one  stab  another.  She  thought 
it  was  her  father,  but  it  was  Black 
Norris.  Her  father  being  taken  up, 
Marian  gave  evidence  against  him.  and 
the  old  man  was  condemned  to  aeafcli. 
Norris  now  told  Marian  he  would  save 
her  father  if  she  would  become  his  wife. 
She  made  the  promise,  but  was  saved 
the  misery  of  the  marriage  by  the  arrest 
of  Norris  for  murder.— S.  Knowles,  T/ie 
Daughter  (1836). 

Marian'a»  a  lovely  and  lovable  lady, 
betrothed  to  Angelo,  who,  during  the 
absence  of  Vincentio  the  duke  of  Vienna, 
acted  as  his  lord  deputy.  Her  pleadings 
to  the  duke  for  Angelo  are  wholly  un- 
rivalled.— Shakespeare,  Measure  for  Mea- 
sure (1603). 

Thnid  and  ■hrinUng  before,  riie  does  not  now  wkU  to 
be  enooun«ed  In  ber  nrtt.  8be  ta  instant  and  inipor- 
Innate.  Sba  dow  not  RMon  wltb  tbe  duke :  tbe  bcoi 
abe  Implorea.— K.  0.  Wblte 

Manana.  sister  of  Ludovi'co  Sforza 
duke  of  Milan,  and  wife  of  Francesco 
his  chief  minister  of  state. — Massinger, 
The  Duke  of  MUan  (1622). 

Mariana,  daughter  of  lord  Chamey ; 
taken  prisoner  by  the  F^glW^,  and  in 


MARIANA. 


612 


MARIDUNUH. 


love  with  Arnold  (friend  of  the  Black 
Prince).  Jnst  before  the  battle  of  Poi- 
tiers, thinking  the  Encllsh  cauM  hope- 
less, Mariana  induces  Arnold  to  desert; 
but  lord  Chamey  will  not  receive  him. 
Arnold  returns  to  the  English  camp,  and 
dies  in  the  battle.  Lord  Chamey  is  also 
slain,  and  Mariana  dies  distracted. — 
Shirley,  Edtoard  the  Black  Prince  (1640). 

Mariana^  the  young  lady  that  Love^old 
the  Diiser  wished  to  marry.  As  Mariana 
was  in  love  with  the  miser*s  son  Frede- 
rick, she  pretended  to  be  extravagant  and 
deeply  in  debt,  which  so  affected  the  old 
huuks,  that  he  gave  her  £2000  to  be  let 
otf  the  bargain.  Of  coure  she  assented, 
and  married  Frederick. — II.  Fielding, 
TheMiaer. 

Mariana^  the  daughter  of  a  Swiss 
burgher,  **the  most  beautiful  of  women.** 
"  llcr  gentleness  a  smile  without  a  smile, 
a  sweetness  of  look,  speech,  act.**  Leo- 
nardo being  crushed  by  an  avalanche, 
she  nursed  him  throtufh  his  illness,  and 
they  fell  in  love  with  each  other.  He 
started  for  l^Iantua,  but  was  detained  fur 
two  years  captive  by  a  ^ng  of  thieves  ; 
and  Alariana  followed  him,  being  unable 
to  support  life  where  he  was  not.  In 
Mantua  count  Florio  fell  in  'love  with 
her,  and  obtained  her  guardian's  consent 
t«)  their  union  ;  but  Mariana  refused,  was 
summoned  b«^ore  the  duke  (Ferrardo), 
and  judgment  was  given  against  her. 
Leonardo,  bein^  present  at  the  trial,  now 
threw  off  his  disguise,  and  was  acknow- 
ledged to  be  the  real  duke.  He  assumed 
his  rank,  married  Mariana;  but  being 
called  to  the  camp,  left  Ferrardo  regent. 
Ferrardo,  being  a  villain,  laid  a  cunning 
scheme  to  prove  Mariana  guilty  of  adul- 
tery with  Julian  St.  l*ierre,  a  country- 
man :  but  Leonardo  refused  to  believe 
the  charge.  Julian,  who  turned  out  to 
be  Mariana's  brother,  exposed  the  whole 
plot  of  Ferrardo,  and  amply  cleared  his 
sister  of  the  slightest  taint  or  thought  of 
a  revolt.— S.  Knowles,  The  Wife  (1833). 

Mariana^  daughter  of  the  king  of 
Thessaly.  She  was  beloved  by  sir  Alex- 
ander, one  of  the  throe  sons  of  St.  George 
the  patron  saint  of  England.  Sir  Alex- 
ander married  her,  ana  became  king  of 
Thessaly. — K.  Johnson,  TU  Seven  Cham^ 
pions  of  Christendom,  iii.  2,  3,  11  (1017). 

Mariana  in  tho  Moated  Grange, 
a  young  damsel  who  sits  in  the  moated 
grange,  looking  out  for  her  lover,  who 
never  comes ;  and  the  burden  of  her  life- 


song  is,  "My  life  i»  dreary,  tor  he 
Cometh  not;  1  am  aweary,  and  would  that 
I  were  dead !  ** 

The  sequel  is  called  Mariana  m  the 
Southf  in  which  the  love-lorn  maiden 
looks  forward  to  her  death,  **when  she 
will  cease  to  l»e  alone,  to  live  forgotten, 
and  to  love  forlorn.'* — ^Tennyson,  Mariana 
(in  two  parts). 

*«*  Mariana,  the    lady    betrothed    to 

Angelo,  passed  her  sorrowful  hours  "at 

the  Moated  Grange.**    ThuA  the  duke  pays 

to  Isabella: 

Hjiai«  you  tpeodUr  to  Aafdo  ...  I  wfll  prmmthf  to  flL 
Loke't.  There,  at  UM  nwAtad  gnmgt.  ruiam  th»  •iJtted 
M— I — n     afu.i.^ ti —f—r' -"^  — ' 

(16(B). 

Marianne  (3  syl,)^  a  statuette  to 
which  the  red  republicans  of  France  pay 
homage.  It  symbolises  the  republic,  and 
is  arrayed  in  a  red  Phr>'gian  cap.  T^is 
statuette  is  sold  at  earthenware  shops, 
and  in  republican  clubs,  enthroned  in 
glory,  and  sometimes  it  is  carried  in 
procession  to  the  tune  of  the  MareeiUaiee^ 
(See  Mart  Annb.) 

The  reason  seems  to  be  this:  RavaiUac, 
the  assassin  of  Henri  lY.  (the  Uarmodiua 
or  Aristoglton  of  France),  was  honoured 
b^  the  r^  republicans  as  **  patriot,  de- 
bvcrer,  and  martyr.'*  This  regicide  waa 
incited  to  his  deed  of  blood  by  madin^ 
the  celebrated  treatise  De  Reije  ei  Iteyto 
JnstUutiuney  by  Mariana  the  Jesuit,  pub- 
lished 1699  ^about  ten  years  previously). 
As  Mariana  inspired  Kavaillac  "to  deliver 
France  from  her  tj'rant**  (Henri  IV.), 
the  name  was  attached  to  the  statuette  of 
liberty,  and  the  republican  party  gene- 
rally. 

'Die  association  of  the  name  with  the 
gmUotine  &vours  this  suggestion. 

Marianne  f3  sy/.),  the  heroine  of  a 
French  novel  so  called  by  Morivaux 
(1688-1763). 

(This  novel  terminates  abruptly,  with 
a  conclusion  like  that  of  Zadig^  *'  where 
nothing  is  concluded.**) 

Marianne  [Franval],  sister  of 
Franval  the  advocate.  She  is  a  beautifal, 
loving,  gentle  creature,  full  of  the  deed* 
of  kindness,  and  brimming  over  with 
charity.  Marianne  loves  captain  St, 
Almc,  a  merchant's  son,  and  thou^  her 
mother  opposes  the  match  as  beneath  the 
rank  of  the  family,  the  advocate  pleads 
fitr  his  sister,  and  the  lovers  are  duly 
betroUiCil  to  each  other. — ^T.  Holcroft, 
The  Deaf  and  Dumb  (1785). 

Maridu'num,  t.#.  Cacr-Merdin  (now 


MARIE. 


618 


MARINI. 


Oaerwiarthen), — Spenser,    Fairy    Queen. 
iiL8(lo90). 

Marie  {Countess),  the  mother  of  Ul'- 
rica  (»  lovc-diiughter),  the  father  of 
Ulrica  being  Ernest  de  Fridberg,  **the 
prisoner  of  State.**  Marie  roarri^  coant 
D'Osbom,  on  condition  of  his  obtaining 
the  acqaittal  of  her  lover  Ernest  de  Frid- 
berg ;  but  the  count  broke  his  promise, 
and  even  attempted  to  get  the  prisoner 
smothered  in  his  dnngeon.  His  villainy 
being  made  known,  the  king  ordered  him 
to  be  executed,  and  Ernest,  being  set  at 
liberty,  duly  married  the  countess  Marie. 
—E.  Stirling,  Jlte  Prisoner  of  State 
(1817). 

JCarie  de  Brabant,  daughter  of 
Henri  III.  due  de  Brabant.  She  married 
rhilippe  le  HardL,  king  of  France,  and 
was  accused  bv  Labrosse  of  having  poi- 
soned Philippe  s  son  by  his  former  wife. 
Jean  de  Brabant  defended  the  queen's 
innocence  by  combat,  and  being  the 
victor,  Labrosse  was  hung  (1260-1821). 

Anoelot  has  made  this  the  sul^ect  of 
an  historical  poem  called  Mark  deJirabant, 
in  six  chants  (1825). 


Elirikitonn,  a  witch,  who 
promised  to  do  a  certain  task  for  a  lassie, 
m  order  that  she  might  win  a  husband, 
provided  the  lassie  either  remembered  the 
witch's  name  for  a  year  and  a  day,  or 
submitted  to  any  punishment  she  mijght 
choose  to  inflict.   The  lassie  was  mamed, 


ly  wiu  rememoer  my 
name.**  The  lassie,  oeing  able  to  tell  the 
witch's  name,  was  no  more  troubled. — 
Basque  Leaend, 

Grimm  has  a  similar  tale,  but  the  name 
is  Rnmpel-stilzchen,  and  the  song  was : 

Iltd»  dreaoM  nij  dabi^  dasM, 
KMppnltrtlirhMi  fa  my  nina. 

Mari'na,  dau^^iter  of  Per'icl^  prince 
ot  Tyre,  bom  at  sea,  where  her  mother 
Thais'a,  as  it  was  supposed,  died  in 
giving  her  birth.  Prince  Pericl^  en- 
trusted Uie  infant  to  Cieon  (governor  of 
Tansos)  and  his  wife  Dionys'ia,  who 
brought  her  up  excellently  w^  and  she 
became  most  highly  accomplished ;  but 
when  i^wn  to  budding  womanhood, 
Dionysia,  out  of  jealousy,  employed 
Le'oaine  (8  syL)  to  murder  her.  Leonine 
took  Manna  to  the  coast  with  this  intent, 
but  the  outcast  was  seized  by  pirates,  and 
sold  at  Metali'n^  as  a  slave.  Here  Peri- 
cles landed  on  his  voyage  from  Tarsus  to 
Tyie,  and  Marina  was  introduced  to  him  | 


to  chase  away  his  melancholy.  She  told 
him  the  story  of  her  life,  aod  he  perceived 
at  once  that  she  was  his  daughter. 
Marina  was  now  betrothed  to  Lysinuichus 
governor  of  MetalinS;  but,  before  the 
espousals,  went  to  visit  the  shrine  of 
Ihana  of  Ephcsns,  to  return  thanks  to  the 
goddess^and  the  priestess  was  discovered 
to  br  Thaisa  the  mother  of  Marina. — 
Shakespeare,  Pericles  Prinoe  of  Tyre 
(1608). 

Marifnaf  wife  of  Jacopo  Fos'cari  the 
doge's  son. — Byron,  The  Two  Foscari 
(1820). 

Iffft^Hi^/lfl.  or  Maridah,  the  fair  con- 
cubine of  Haroun-al-Rasohid. 

Marme  {The  Female),  Hannah  Snell 
of  Worcester.  She  was  present  at  the 
attack  of  Pondicherry.  Ultimately  she 
left  the  service,  and  opened  a  public- 
house  in  Wapping  (London),  but  still 
retained  her  male  attire  (bom  1723). 

Mar'inel,  the  beloved  of  Florimel 
'*the  Fair."  Marine!  was  the  son  of 
black-browed  Cym'oent  (daughter  of  Ke- 
rens and  Dumarin),  and  allowed  no  one 
to  pass  by  the  rocky  cave  where  he  lived 
without  doing  battle  with  him.  When 
Marinel  forbade  Britomart  to  pass,  she 
replied,  **1  mean  not  thee  entreat  to 
pauBS ; "  and  with  her  spear  knocked  him 
"  ^veiling  on  the  ground.**  His  mother, 
with  the  sea-nymphs,  came  to  him ;  and 
the  "lily-handea  Liagore,"  who  knew 
leechcraft,  feeling  his  pulse,  said  life 
was  not  extinct.  So  he  was  carried  to 
his  mother's  bower,  **  deep  in  the  bottom 
of  the  sea,**  where  Tryphon  (the  sea-gods' 

Ehysician)  soon  restored  him  to  perfect 
ealth.  One  day,  Proteus  asked  Marinel 
and  his  mother  to  a  banquet,  and  while 
the  youn^  man  was  sauntering  about,  he 
heard  a  female  voice  lamenting  her  hard 
lot,  and  saving  her  hardships  were  brought 
about  for  her  love  to  Marinel.  The  young 
man  discovered  that  the  person  was 
Florimel,  who  had  been  shut  up  in  a 
dungeon  by  Proteus  for  rejecting  his 
suit ;  so  he  got  a  warrant  of  release  from 
Neptune,  and  married  her. — Spenser, 
Faery  Queen,  iu.  8;  iv.  11,  12  (1690, 
1696). 

Mari'ni.(/.  B.),  called  Le  cavalier 
Marin,  bora  at  Naples.  He  was  a  poet, 
and  is  known  by  his  poem  called  Adonis 
or  UAdone,  in  twenty  cantos  (1623).  The 
poem  is  noted  for  its  description  of  the 
"  Garden  of  Venus." 
If  tiM  nMtor  .wfU  . .  .  riMl  vm  Axkt/kfa  pletn*  of 


MARINO  FALIERO. 


6U 


HARKSMAN. 


of  paradbo.  Tuso's  garden  of  Armfda,  and 
Pi  CKnton  of  Veniu,  he  win  be  potauaded  thiU 
MOUmi  ladtates  ibtii  msiiner.  Imt  .  .  .  oneU  tlw 


Mari'no  ITalie'ro,  the  forty-ninth 
doge  of  Venice,  elected  ISS^l.  A  patrician 
named  Michel  Steno,  having  behaved  io^ 
decentlj  to  lome  of  the  ladies  at  a  great 
eivic  banquet  given  by  the  doge,  was  turned 
out  of  the  house  by  order  of  the  duke. 
In  revenge,  the  young  wan  wrote  a  ecuc- 
rilona  lib«l  against  the  dogaressa,  which 
hA  fastened  to  the  doge*s  chair  of  state. 
The  insult  being  referred  to  "the  Forty/* 
Steno  was  condemned  to  imprisonment 
foramonth.  This  punishment  was  thought 
by  tiie  doge  to  be  so  inadequate  to  the 
offence,  that  he  joined  a  conspizacy  to 
overthrow  the  republic.  The  conspiracy 
was  betrayed  by  Bertram,  one  of  the 
members,  and  the  doge  was  beheaded  on 
the  *'  Giant's  Staircase." — Byron,  Marino 
Faliero  (1819). 

•^*  Casimir  Delavigne,  in  1829,  brought 
out  a  tragedy  on  the  same  subject,  and 
with  the  same  title. 

Marion  de  Iiorme,  in  whose  house 
the  conspirators  met.  She  betrayed  all 
their  movements  and  designs  to  Richelieu. 
—Lord  Lytton,  Hic/ielieu  (1889). 

Maritor'nes  (4  $yl,),  an  Astorian 
duunber-maid  at  the  Oescent  Moon  taven, 
to  which  don  Quixote  was  taken  by  his 
*Bquire  after  their  drubbing  by  the  goat- 
herds. The  cra/y  knight  insisted  that 
the  tavern  was  a  castle,  and  that  Man- 
k>mes,  "the  lord's  daughter,'*  was  in 
love  with  him. 

8li«  waa  bro«d<fiMed.  iet<nooid.  bHnd  of  one  9f,  pud 
had  a  most  deligbtful  iquint  with  Uie  other ;  the  peculiar 
gentSItr  of  her  afaape.  howerer.  oompena^ed  for  trrry 
defect,  abe  being  about  three  faet  In  bd^ht,  and  remark- 
ablx  huncUbadud.— Cervaaiea.  Den  (imtaoU,  L  ill.  S 
(1606). 

MariliS  (Catus),  the  Roman  ^neral, 
tribune  of  the  people  B.C.  119;  the  rival 
of  SylU. 

Antony  Vincent  Arnault  wrote  a  tragedy 
in  French  entitled  Marius  a  MirUumes 
(1791).  Thomas  Lodge,  M.D.,  in  1594, 
wrote  a  drama  called  Winttuis  of  CwU 
WoTf  lively  set  forth  m  the  True  Tragedies 
of  Mar  ins  and  Sylla, 

Mar'ivaux  (Pierre  de  CTuxntblain  de), 
a  French  writer  of  comedies  and  ro- 
mances (1678-1768). 

S.  Richardson  is  called  "The  English 
Marivanx  **  (1689-1761). 

Maijory  of  Douglas,  daughter  of 
Archibald  earl  oi  Dou;;las,  and  duchess 
of  Uf.thfnv.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Fair  Maid  of 
PerVi  (time,  Henry  IV.). 


Mark  (&>),  kin^  of  Cornwall,  who 
held  his  court  at  Tintag'iL  Ite  was  a 
wily,  treacherous  coward,  hated  and 
despised  by  all  true  knights.  One  day, 
sir  Dinadan,  in  jest,  told  him  tiiat  air 
Launcelot  might  be  recognized  by  *'his 
shield,  which  was  silver  with  a  black 
rim.'*  This  was.  in  fact,  the  cognizance 
of  sir  Mordred  ;  but,  to  carry  out  the  joke, 
sir  Mordred  lent  It  to  Dagonet,  kin^^ 
Arthur's  fool.  Then,  mounting  the  jester 
on  a  large  horse,  and  placing  a  huge  spear 
in  his  hand,  the  knights  sent  nim  to 
offer  battle  to  king  Mark.  When  Da- 
gonct  beheld  the  cowaxd  king,  he  cried 
aloud,  "  Keep  thee,  sir  kni^h^  for  I  will 
slay  thee  !  **  King  ^lark,  thmking  it  to  be 
sir  Laancelot,  spiured  his  horse  to  flight. 
The  fool  gave  dbase,  rating  king  Marit^*  as 
a  wood  man  \madmany*  All  tiie  knights 
who  beheld  li  roarea  at  the  jest,  Cold 
king  Arthur,  and  the  forest  rang  with 
Uieir  laughter.  The  wife  of  king  Mark 
was  Isond  (Ysolde)  the  Fear  at  Ireland, 
whose  lore  for  sir  Tristram  was  a  public 
scandal. — Sir  T.  Malorv,  Bigtcry  of 
Prince  Arthur,  iL  96,  97  (1470). 

Mark  Tapley,  a  serving  companion 
of  Martin  Chuzsdewit,  who  goes  out  with 
him  to  Eden,  in  North  America,  Mark 
Taplepr  thinks  there  is  no  credit  in  beini^ 
jolly  in  easy  circumstances ;  but  when  in 
Eden  he  found  every  discomfort,  lost  all 
his  money,  was  swindled  by  every  one, 
and  was  aJmost  killed  by  fevers,  then 
indeed  ho  felt  it  would  be  a  real  credit "  to 
be  jolly  under  the  circumstances.** — C 
Dickens,  Martin  Chuzzlewit  (1843). 

Markhani,  a  gentleman  in  the  tram 
of  the  earl  of  Susscx.—Sir  W.  Soott, 
Kenilvorth  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Markham  (Mrs,),  pseudonym  of  Mrs. 
Elizabeth  Perrose  (bom  Elizabeth  Cart- 
wright),  authoress  of  History  of  England^ 
etc. 

'Markleham  (Mrs,),  the  mother  of 
Annie.  Devoted  to  pleasure,  she  always 
ihaintained  that  she  indulged  in  it  for 
"Annie's  sake."  Mrs.  Markleham  is 
generally  referred  to  as  "  the  old  soldier.** 
— C.  Dickens,  David  CopperfMd  (1849). 

Marksman,  one  of  Fortnnio's  seven 
attendants.  He  saw  so  deariy  and  to 
such  a  distance,  that  he  genendly  ban- 
daged his  eyes  in  order  to  temper  the 
St:at  keenness  of  his  sight. — Comtease 
'Aunoy,  Fairy  Tales  ("Fortunio^** 
1682). 


MARLBOROUGH. 


616 


MARPHISA. 


Marlborough  (The  dukg  oO>  ^<»^ 
Churchill.  He  wm  called  by  maraliAl 
Tarenne,  Le  Bd  Anglais  (1650-1722). 
(See  Mai.bbopoh,  p.  597.) 

Marlow  {Sir  G^or/^^),  fhe  kind- 
hearted  old  friend  of  sqoire  Hardcastle. 

Tamng  Marioio,  son  of  sir  Cluu>le8. 
"  Among  women  of  reputation  and  virtoe 
he  is  the  modesteet  man  alire;  hot  his 
aoquaintaaces  give  him  a  very  diflfereat 
charartfT  among  women  ot  another 
stamp**  (act  L  1).  Having  mistaken 
Hafdca8tle*s  house  for  an  inn,  and  Miss 
Hardcastie  for  the  barmaid,  he  ii  quite 
at  hia  ease,  and  makes  love  freely. 
When  fairly  cau^^t,  he  discovers  that 
the  supposed  ^  inn  **  is  a  private  house, 
and  the  supposed  barmaid  is  the  squire*s 
daughter ;  oat  the  ioe  of  his  shyness 
being  broken,  he  has  no  longer  an^ 
difficulty  in  loving  according  to  his 
station. — Goldsmith,  She  Stoops  to  Conquer 
(1773). 

WIko  Goldsmith  was  between  16  and 
17,  he  set  out  for  Edgworthstown,  and 
finding  night  coming  on,  asked  a  man 
which  was  the  "  best  house  **  in  the  town — 
meaning  the  best  inn.  The  man  pointed 
to  the  hoose  of  sir  Ralph  Feihcrstone  (or 
Mr.  FetAer8tone)y  and  Oliver,  entering  the 
{larlonr,  found  the  master  of  tiie  mansion 
sitting  at  a  good  firo.  Oliver  told  him  he 
desired  to  pass  the  night  there,  and 
ordered  him  to  bring  in  supper.  **Sir 
Ral|ii  **  knowing  his  customer,  humoured 
the  joke,  which  Oliver  did  not  discover 
till  next  dav,  when  he  called  for  his  bill. 
(We  are  told  in  Notes  and  Queries  that 
Ralph  Fetherstone  waa  only  JVr.,  but  his 
grandson  wassirI%oiMas.) 

JCannion.  Lord  Harmion  was  be- 
trothed to  Constance  de  Beveriy,  but  he 
jilted  her  for  lady  Clare  an  heiress,  who 
was  in  love  with  Ralph  de  Wilton.  The 
ladv  Clare  rejected  lord  lfarmion*s  suit, 
amf  took  refuge  from  him  in  the  convent 
of  St.  Hilda,  m. Whitby.  Constance  took 
the  veil  in  the  convent  of  St.  Cuthbert, 
in  Holy  Isle,  but  after  a  time  left  the 
eonreat  clandestinely,  was  captured, 
taken  back,  and  buried  alive  in  the  walls 
of  a  deep  ocll.  In  the  mean  time,  lord 
Marmion,  being  sent  by  Henrv  VllL  on 
an  embassy  to  James  lY.  of  Scotland, 
stopped  at  the  hall  of  sir  Hu^h  de  Heron, 
who  sent  a  palmer  as  his  guide.  On  his 
xeton,  lord  Marmion  commanded  the 
abbess  of  St.  Hilda  to  release  the  huiy 
Clare^  and  place  her  under  the  charge  of 
her  kinsman,  Fitzchire  of  Tantailon  Hall. 


Here  she  met  the  palmer,  who  was  Ralph 
de  Wilton,  and  as  lord  Marmion  vras  slam 
in  the  battle  of  Flodden  Field,  she  was  free 
to  marry  the  man  sha  loved. — Sir  W* 
Scott,  Marmion  (1808). 

Mamwm  (Lord)^  a  aescendsnt  of 
Robert  de  Marmion,  who  obtained  from 
William  the  Conqueror  the  manor  of 
Scrivelby,  in  Lincolnshire.  This  Robert 
de  Marmion  was  the  first  royal  champion 
of  England,  and  the  office  remained  in 
the  familv  till  the  reign  of  Edward  I., 
when  in  default  of  male  issue  it  passed  to 
John  Dj'moke,  son-in-law  of  Philip  Mar- 
mion, in  whose  family  it  remains  still. 

Ma'ro.  Virgil,  whose  full  name  was 
PubUus  Yirgilius  Maio  (b.o.  70-19). 


Oh,  wcra  it  BtM  wttb  Mcred  Maro't  art 
To  waks  to  ignnpatlur  Om  kattng  bMurt, 
Uk»  him  Um  MM«Cb  mad  OMMniAil  v«cm  to  < 
In  a>  Um  pomp  of  txqoklu  dlatras .  .  . 
—         "  " ",  1  .  .  . 


ICar'onites  (3  s^/.),  a  religions 
semi-Catholic  sect  of  Syria,  constantly 
at  war  with  their  near  neighbours  thie 
Druses,  a  semi-Mohammedan  sect.  Both 
are  now  tributaries  of  the  sultan,  but 
enjov  their  own  laws.  The  Marunites 
number  about  400,000,  and  the  Druses 
about  half  that  number.  The  Maronites 
owe  their  name  to  J.  Maroo,  their  founder ; 
the  Druses  to  Durzi,  who  led  them  out  of 
Eg^'pt  into  S^rria.  The  patriarch  of  the 
Biaronites  resides  at  Kanobin  ;  the  hakem 
of  the  Druses  at  Deir-el-kaauir.  The 
Maronites  or  '* Catholics  of  Lebanon*' 
differ  from  the  Roman  CathoUes  in 
several  points,  and  have  a  pope  or  patri> 
areh  of  their  own.  In  1860  tiie  Druses 
made  on  them  a  horrible  onslaught, 
which  called  forth  the  iakarvention  of 
Europe. 

Marotte  (2  «^/.),  footman  of  (}or- 
gibus ;  a  plain  bouigeois,  who  hates  affec- 
tation. When  the  mie  ladies  of  the  house 
try  to  convert  him  into  a  fashionable 
flunky,  and  teach  him  a  little  grand- 
eloquence,  he  bluntly  tells  them  he  does 
not  understand  Latin. 

Marott«.  VoU*  an  laqiMla  Qof  Amtmnim  ii  vow  4t«  tm 
logb,  ot  dU  que  ion  maltre,  voua  Tonir  voir. 

ifodcton.  Appranei.  ntta,  k  row  iooueor  Mobw 
wilffUnxoL  nfta :  Voil4  un  ndcofwdrt  qui  dwmmd*  rf 
viNM  kxm  m  oomnodlt^  d'«tre  vWbtau 

Mtuvttm.  U  B'oatMidt  point  to  XjUto.— MoUfa*.  Im 
PrieUtm  MtdieulM,  vU  (ISflS). 

Marphi'Ba,  sister  of  Rogc'ro,  and  a 
female  knight  of  amazing  prowess.  She 
was  brought  up  by  a  magician,  but  being 
stolen  at  the  age  of  seven,  was  sold  to 
the  king  of  Persia.  When  she  was  18» 
her  royal  master  assailed  her  hoaoav; 


MARPHURIUS. 


<n6 


MARS  WOUNDED. 


but  she  slew  him,  and  U8ari)ed  the  crown. 
Marpbisa  went  to  Gaul  to  join  the  army 
of  Agramant,  but  subsequently  entered 
the  camp  of  Charleroapie,  and  was 
baptized. — ^Ariosto,  Orlando  FurioifO 
(1516). 

Marphu'riuB.  a  doctor  of  the  P^- 
rhoniun  school.  Sganarclle  consults  him 
about  his  marriage ;  but  the  philosopher 
replies,  **  Perhaps  ;  it  is  possible ;  it  may 
be  so  ;  evervthmg  is  doubtful ;  **  till  at 
last  Sgauarelle  beats  him,  and  Marphurius 
says  he  shall  bring  an  action  against  him 
for  battery.  **  Perhaps,"  replies  Sgana- 
relle  ;  *'  it  is  possible  ;  it  may  be  so,  etc., 
using  the  very  words  of  the  philosopher 
(sc.  ix.). — ^Molifere,  Le  Mariage  Poro€ 
(1664). 


Marplot,  "the  busy  body.**  A 
blundering,  good-nature«l,  meddlesome 
young  man,  very  inquisitiye,  too  officious 
by  half,  and  always  bungling  whatever 
he  inteiferea  in.  l^arplot  is  introduced 
by  Mrs.  Centlivre  in  two  comedies,  The 
^usy  Body  and  Marpht  m  Li^Mi, 

That  unlvcky  dug  Maii»lot ...  It  «v«r  doing  mbrhief. 
and  yet  (lo  giv*  bim  tiis  du«)  be  never  design*  it  Tliit  i* 
•oiiie  blundering  adventure,  wtierein  Ite  thouglit  to  ritow 
biK  flrietidahip.  ai  be  calU  It.— Mn.  CMOUvre.  FJU  Atwy 
Bpdg,  iiL  ft  (17WK 

♦,♦  This  was  Henry  Woodward's  great 
part  (1717-1777).  His  unappeasable 
curiosity,  his  slow  comprehension,  his 
annihilation  under  the  sense  of  his 
dilemmas,  were  so  diyerting^  that  even 
Garrick  confessed  him  the  decided  **  Mar- 
plot *'  of  the  stage. — Boaden,  Life  of  Sid- 
dona, 

N.B.— William  C!avondishduke  of  New- 
castle brought  out  a  free  translation  of 
Muliore's  VKUntrdiy  which  he  entitled 
Marplot, 

Marqtiis  de  BasqueviUe,  being 
one  night  at  tlie  opera,  was  told  by  a 
moBsenger  that  his  mansion  was  on  fire. 
'*Kh  bien,*'  he  said  to  the  messenger, 
'*  adrcssex-vous  k  Mine,  la  marquise  qui 
est  en  face  dans  cettc  loge ;  car  c'cst 
aiTaire  de  mi'nage." — Cbapus,  Dieppe  et 
ses  Environs  (1853). 

Marrall  {Jack)^  a  mean-spirited, 
revengeful  time-server.  lie  is  the  clerk 
and  tool  of  sir  Giles  Overreach.  When 
Marrall  thinks  Wellborn  penniless,  he 
treats  him  like  a  dog;  but  immediately 
he  fancies  he  is  about  to  marry  tlie 
wealthy  dowager  lady  AUworth,  he  is 
most  ser\Mle,  and  offers  to  lend  him 
money.  Marrall  now  plays  the  traitor  to 
hit  master,  sir   Giles,   and   reveals   to 


Wellborn  the  scurvy  tricks  by  which  1m 
has  been  cheated  of  his  estates.  V/ben, 
however,  he  asks  Wellborn  to  take  hint 
into  his  service.  Wellborn  replies,  **  He 
who  is  false  to  one  master  will  be^uy 
another ; "  and  will  have  nothing  to  say 
to  him. — Massinger,  A  New  Way  to  Pay 
Old  Debts  {162S), 

Married  Men  of  Qenius.  The 
number  of  men  of  genias  unhappy  in 
their  wives  is  very  larce.  The  following 
are  notorious  exammes : — ^ocratGs  aad 
Xantippd ;  Sadi  the  Persian  poet ;  DantS 
and  Gemma  Donati ;  Milton  with  both 
his  wives ;  Marlborough  and  Sarah  Jen- 
nings ;  Gnstavus  Adolphnsand  his  flig^t>' 
queen ;  Byron  and  Miss  Milbanke ; 
Dickens  and  Miss  Hogarth ;  etc.  Every 
reader  will  be  able  to  add  to  the  list. 

Mars,  divine  Fortitude  personified. 
Bacchus  is  the  tutelary  demon  of  the 
Mohammedans,  and  Mars  the  guardian 
potentate  of  the  (Christians.— Otmoena, 
The  Lusiad  (1669). 

TlMt  Y<mng  Mars  of  Men^  Edward  the 
Black  Prince,  who  with  8000  men  de- 
feated, at  Poitiers,  the  French  king  John, 
whose  army  amounted  to  60,00(]^some 
say  even  more  (a.d.  1356). 

Tla  Mars  of  Men^  Henry  Plantagenot 
earl  of  Derby,  third  son  of  Henry  earl  of 
LAncaster,  and  near  kinsman  of  Edward 
HI.    (See  Derby.) 

Mars  of  Portugal  {The),  Alfonso 
de  Alboquerqne,  viceroy  of  India  (1452- 
1515). 

Mars  Wounded.  A  very  remark- 
able parallel  to  the  encounter  of  DiOmed 
and  Mars  in  the  lliad^  v.,  occurs  in  Oseian. 
Homer  says  that  Diomed  hurled  his  spear 
against  Mars,  which,  piercing  the  belt, 
wounded  the  war-god  in  the  bowels: 
**  Loud  bellowed  Mars,  nine  thousand 
men,  ten  thousand,  scarce  so  lood  joining 
fierce  battle."  llien  Mars  ascending, 
wrapped  in  dottda^  was  borne  upwards 
to  OlympiLS. 

Ossian,  in  Ckxrric-Thuray  says  that 
Loda,  the  god  of  his  foes,  came  like  **  a 
blast  from  the  mountain.  He  came  in 
his  terror,  and  shook  his  dnsky  spear. 
His  eyes  were  flames,  and  his  voice  like 
distant  thunder.  *Son  of  night,*  said 
Fingal,  *  retire.  Do  I  fear  thy  gloomy 
form,  spirit  of  dismal  Loda?  Weak  is 
thy  shield  of  cloud,  feeble  thy  meteor 
sword.'"  Then  cleft  he  the  gloomy 
shadow  with  his  sword.  It  fell  like  a 
column  of  smoke.    It  thriekiKi.    Then, 


MAK'STEAR. 


617 


MARTHA. 


loOing  itself  np,  the  wounded  epirit  rose 
oo  the  wind,  and  the  iBlaod  ghook  to  its 
foandation^ 

Meur'8  ITear,  the  jet  1715,  in 
which  occurred  the  rebellion  of  the  earl 
of  Har. 

Aald  node  John  vba  wdlock^  Jofs 
Bbi  lUr't  y«v  dkl  dMlNL 

L  BunM^  JgaHoimn.  tf. 

MaTBeiUdB*  Gk>od  Bishop,  Henri 
FnmfoiB  Xavier  de  Belsonoe  (1671-1776). 
Immortalized  by  his  {^ilanthropic  dili- 
gence in  the  pU^e  at  Marseilles  (1720- 
1723). 

Charles  BorromOo,  archbishop  of  Milan 
acoitiuy  prerionslj  (1576),  was  eqaalty 
diligent  and  self-samficing  in  the  plague 
of  Milan  (153S-1&84). 

Sir  John  Lawrence,  lord  mayor  of 
London  during  the  great  plague,  sup- 
ported 40,000  dismissed  servants,  and 
deserres  immortal  honour. 

Darwin  refers  to  Belsunce  and  Law- 
Rnee  in  his  Loves  of  the  PkmUy  iL  488. 

Marshal  Forwards,  Blucher  ;  so 
called  for  his  dash  in  battle,  and  rapidity 
of  his  movements,  in  the  campaign  of 
1813  (1742-1819). 

Marsi,  a  part  of  the  Sabellian  race, 
noted  for  magic,  and  said  to  have  been 
descended  from  Circ& 


H  qawbm  smlteM  drtun,  at 
dtwUtof  rinC  at  tnontattonn 
bfdaat  mwlalanim  inb».— OcfUMt,  ivi  U. 

Marsiglio,  a  Saracen  king,  who 
plotted  the  attack  upon  RoUnd,  **  under 
the  tree  on  which  Judas  hanged  himself.** 
Widi  a  force  of  600,000  men,  divided 
into  three  companies,  Marsiglio  attacked 
the  paladin  in  Roncesvailes,  and  over- 
threw him ;  but  (Charlemagne,  coming  up, 
rooted  the  Saracen,  and  hanged  him  on 
tiw  Ytry  tree  under  which  he  planned  the 
attack.— Turpin,  ChromcU  (1122). 

Marsilia,  ''who  bears  up  great 
Cjmthia^s  train,**  is  the  marchioness  of 
Northampton,  to  whom  Spenser  dedicated 
his  Daphnaiaa,  This  lady  was  Helena, 
daughter  of  Wol^angus  Swavenburgh,  a 
Swede. 

K«  iM  pndMVortfajr  b  IfanOto. 

Bat  knemrn  fagr  boarlnf  tipgraafc  Qmtldft'i  tnln. 

She  b  tfa*  pattern  of  tnie  vommhaad  .  .  . 

~      ~  •  C»athi»  Cg«wi»  JmtmUtk}  to  tmd. 


*•  b  ant  iMT  te  ttobUtar. 
All  MUM.  CWto  dmitM  Oemt  Emm  Ag^lm.  (U0^ 


]Car'8ya8,the  Phrygian  flute-player. 
He  cfaalloiged  Apollo  to  a  contest  of 
•kill,  bat  b^ig  beaten  by  the  god,  was 
flayed  alive  for  his  piegnmption. 


Mar'tafkz    and    Iier'mites  (8 

tj//.),  two  famous  rats  brought  up  before 
the  White  C!at  for  treason,  but  acquitted. 
— Comtesse  D'Aunoy,  ibiry  TaUi  ("The 
White  Ot,**  1082). 

Marta'no.  a  great  coward,  who  stole 
the  armour  of  Giyphon,  and  presented 
himself  in  it  before  king  Norandi'no. 
Having  received  the  honours  due  to  the 
owner,  Martano  quitted  Damascus  with 
Origilla ;  but  Aquilant  unmasked  the 
villain,  and  he  was  hanged  (bks.  viii., 
ix.). — Ariosto,  Orlando  furioao  (1516). 

Marteau       des      Heretiques, 

Pierre  d*Ailiy ;  also  called  VAigU  de  la 
France  (1360-1420). 

Martel  {Charle9\  Charles,  natural 
son  of  Pepin  d'Hdristal. 

M.  0>Uin  de  Plancy  says  that  this 
''  oalace  mayor  **  of  France  was  not  called 
'*  Martel**  because  he  martel^  ("ham- 
mered**) the  Saracens  under  Abd-el- 
Rahman  in  782,  but  because  his  patron 
saint  was  Martellus  ^or  St.  Martm). — 
BibHothique  des  Ltfijendes. 

Thomas  Delf,  m  his  translation  of 
C3ievereul*s  Prmciptes  of  Harmony,  etc,, 
of  Colours  (1847),  signs  himself  "Charles 
Martel.** 

Martext  {Sir  Oliver),  a  vicar  in 
Shakespeare's  comedy  of  As  You  Like  It 
(1600). 

l}£artha»  sister  to  "The  Scornful 
Lady  "  (no  name  given). — Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  The  Scornful  Lady  (1616). 

Martha,  the  servant-girl  at  Shaw*s 
Ciisae.— Sir  W.  Scott,  iSl.  Ronan's  Well 
(time,  George  III.). 

Martha,  the  old  housekeeper  at  Gsbal- 
distone  Hall.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Bob  Boy 
(time,  Cieorge  I.). 

Martha,  daughter  of  Ral^  and  Louise 
de  Lasoours,  and  sister  of  Diana  de  Las- 
cours.  When  the  crew  of  the  Urania 
rebelled,  Martha,  with  Ralph  de  Lascours 
(the  captain),  Louise  de  Lascours,  and 
Barabas,  were  put  adrift  in  a  boat,  and 
cast  on  an  iceberg  in  "  the  Frozen  Sea.'* 
The  iceberg  broke,  Ralph  and  Louise 
were  drowned,  BarabcM  was  picked  up  by 
a  vessel,  and  Martha  fell  into  the  hands 
of  an  Indian  tribe,  who  gave  her  the 
name  of  Orgari'ta  ("withered  com"). 
She  married  (Carlos,  but  as  he  married 
under  a  false  name,  the  marriage  was 
illegal,  and  when  Carlos  was  given  up  to 


IfASTHA. 


«lg    MARTINMAS  WIIX  COME,  ETa 


the  hands  of  justice,  Omirita  was  placed 
tinder  the  charge  of  her  grandmother 
Mde.  de  Theringe,  and  [probably]  c«- 
poused  Horace  de  Brienne. — £.  Stirling, 
T/te  Orphan  of  the  Frozen  Sea  (1866). 

Marthoy  a  friend  of  Margaret.  She 
Diakei  love  to  Mephittopheles  with  great 
worldly  ihrewdnesa.  —  Qoetlie,  laust 
(1798). 

Martha^  aiias  Ulrica,  mother  of 
Bertha  who  is  betrothed  to  Hereward 
and  marries  him.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Count 
£obert  of  Paris  (time,  Rufus). 

Martha  (The  abbess),  abbess  of  Elcho 
Nannciy.  She  is  a  kinswoman  of  the 
Glover  family.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Fair  Maid 
of  Perth  (time,  Hcary  IV.). 

Martha  (Dame),  housekeeper  to  major 
Bridgenortti.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Feveril  of 
the  Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Marthet  a  young  origan,  in  love  with 
Fr^d^c  Auvray,  a  young  artist,  who 
loves  her  in  return,  but  leaves  her,  goes 
to  KouiGf  and  falls  in  love  with  another 
lady,  Elena,  sister  of  the  duke  Strozzi. 
MaJrthe  leaves  the  Swiss  pastor,  who  is 
her  guardian,  and  travels  in  midwinter 
to  Robie,  dressed  as  a  boy,  and  under  the 
name  of  Piccolino.  She  tells  her  tale  to 
Elena,  who  abandons  the  fickle  fialse  one, 
and  Fr(  d<Sric  forbids  the  Swiss  wanderer 
ever  again  to  approach  him.  Marthe,  in 
despair,  throws  herself  into  the  Tiber,  but 
Ih  rescued.  Fr<kidric  repents,  is  recon- 
cited,  and  marries  the  forlorn  maiden. — 
Mons.  Guiraud,  Piocolino  (an  opera,  1875). 

Marthoxi,  an  old  cook  at  Amheim 
CasUe.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Anne  of  Geierstein 
(time,  Edward  lY.). 

Marthon,  alias  Rizpah,  a  Bohemian 
woman,  attendant  on  the  countess  Hame- 
line  of  Croyc.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Quentin 
Durward  (time,  Edward  lY.). 

Martian  Iiaws  (not  Mercian,  as 
Wharton  gives  it  in  his  Lats  Dictionary) 
are  the  laws  collected  by  Martia,  the 
wife  of  Guithelin  great'^randson  of 
Mulmntius  who  estaoiished  in  Britain 
the  "Mulmutian  Laws**  (q.v.),  Alfred 
translated  both  these  codes  into  Saxon- 
English,  and  called  the  Martian  code  Pa 
MarchUie  Lage,  These  laws  have  no 
connection  with  the  kingdom  of  Mercia. 
—Geoffrey,  British  History/iii.  18  (1142). 

ChqniMlne, .  .  .  wboM  quMa*  ...  to  tkam  bar  uprl^ 


Martigny  (Marie  la  oamptesse  de}, 
wife  of  the  earl  of  Etberingtoo. — Sir  W, 
Scott,  St.  Eonan's  Well  (time,  George 
111.). 

Martin,  in  Swift's  Tale  of  the  JSttk, 
is  Martintuther;  "John"  is  Calvin; 
and  "  Peter"  the  pope  of  Rome  (1704). 

In  Drjden's  Hind  and  Panther,  "  Mar- 
tin" means  the  Lutheran  party  (1687). 


Martin,  the  old  verdnrer  near  sir 
Henry  Lee's  lodge.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Wood^ 
gtock  (time.  Commonwealth). 

Martin,  the  old  shepherd,  in  the  senrioe 
of  the  ladv  of  AveneL— Sir  W.  Scott, 
The  Monadery  (time,  Elizabeth), 


jr«r«NS  the  ape,  in  the 
Reynard  the  Fox  (1498). 


heart  epir  W 


Vd  wipe  linlimitini' kwi  her  MartUa  flnt  did  fruM. 


Martin  (Dc^),  partner  of  I>ai8ie 
Latimer  at  the  fishers*  dance. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Sedgatmtlet  (time,  (>eorge  III.). 

Martin  (Sarah),  the  prison  reformer  of 
Great  Yarmouth.  This  yonng  wobmm, 
though  but  a  poor  dressnuker,  conceived 
a  device  for  me  reformation  of  prisoners 
in  her  native  town,  and  continued  for 
twenty-four  years  her  earnest  and  nsefol 
labour  of  love,  acting  as  schoolmistress, 
^>ii«pl^M,  aad  indus&ial  su(>erintendent. 
In  1886,  captain  Williams,  inspector  of 
prisons,  brought  her  pUns  before  the 
Government,  under  the  conviction  that  the 
nation  at  large  mi^t  be  benefited  by 
their  practical  good  sense  (1791-1848). 

Martin  Weldeck,  the  miner.  His 
story  is  read  by  Lovel  to  a  pic-nic  party 
at  St.  Ruth's  ruins.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Antiquary  (time,  Geoige  III.). 

Martlne  (8  syl.),  wife  of  Sganarella. 
She  has  a  furious  quarrel  with  her  hus- 
band, who  beats  her,  and  she  screams. 
M.  Robert,  a  neighbour,  interferes,  saya 
to  Sganarelle,  "Quelle  infamie!  Perte 
soit  le  coquin,  de  battre  ainsie  sa  femme.** 
The  woman  snubs  him  for  hb  imperti- 
nence, and  says,  "  Je  veux  qu'il  me  battre, 
moi;*^  and  Sganarelle  beats  him  soundly 
for  meddling  with  what  does  not  concern 
him.— Moli^re,  Le  M^edn  Malgr€  Im 
(1666). 

Martinmas  will  Oome  in  Due 
Ti3aafi»  or,  give  a  rogue  rope  enough,  and 
he*ll  hang  himself  i  every  evil-doer  will 
meet  his  reward.  Martinmas  used  to  be 
the  time  for  killing  hoga  for  winter  store, 
and  th«  Spanish  proverb  parapbrrsed  is 
thist  "As  the  time  will  certainly  oome 
when  hogs  will  be  •Uia,  ao  the  time  will 


MARTIN'S  SUMMER. 


<lf 


MART  GRAHAM. 


eerteinl^r  come  when  thy  sins  or  faolta 
wiU  be  chMtued." 

Martin's  Siunmer  (^.)>  halcyon 
days ;  a  time  of  prosperity ;  fine  weather. 
V^U  de  S,  Martin,  from  October  9  to 
Kovcmber  11.  At  the  close  of  autnmn 
we  generally  have  a  month  of  magnificent 
summer  weather. 


am  l{j0anqfAre]to^tb»lbt^Mk»eomgb. .. 
■c  MartlH'i  MMDor.  1m1c>mi  dai% 
I  kiM  •otand  Into  Umn  wan. 

Shakaapava,  1  /Tanrr  F/.  act  L  as.  t  (UtB). 

V  Also  caUad  *<  St  Lnke*8  Summer.*' 

Hartival  {Stephen  de),  a  steward  of 
the  field  at  the  toumament.---^ir  W.  Scott, 
Ivanhoe  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Martivalle  (JfoHhts  Galeoiti),  astro- 
loger to  Louis  JCI.  of  France.— -Sir  W. 
Scott,  Qventin  Dtwvoard  (time,  Edward 
IVO.  * 

Martyr  King  (7^),  Henty  VI., 
bniied  at  Windsor  beside  Edward  IV. 

Hera o'ar  tha  Bfartyr  %\9g\INnrf  r/.]  tka  mwMa 
lad  fart  haMe  Mm  •ooo4aaml  Uward  ur.\A 
Ihe  gnwe  anHaa  wbara  fivm  tke  gmva  Inds  vhC 


ttBtha 


Popaw 


Jforiyr  King  {The),  (Suurlos  I.  of 
England  (1600,  162&'Itf49). 

Louis  XVI.  Off  France  is  also  called 
Louis  "  the  Mar^r"  (1754,  1774-1793). 

Mar^TS  to  Sdonoe. 

Claude  Louis  count  Berthollet,  who 
tested  on  himself  the  effects  of  cubonio 
acid  on  the  human  frame,  and  died  under 
the  experiment  (174im822). 

Giordano  Bruno,  who  was  burnt  alire 
for  maintaining  that  matter  is  the  mother 
of  all  things  (1550-1600). 

Galileo,  who  was  imprisoned  twice  by 
the  Inquisition  for  mamtoining  that  the. 
earth  moved  round  the  sun  and  not  the 
sun  round  the  earth  (1564-1642). 

And  scores  of  ethers. 

Marv^ellous  Boy  (7^),  Iliomas 
Ghatterton  (1752-1770). 

1  thatht  of  CbaMarton.  Uie  marraUoua  bof . 
-  IteWaprMa. 

Wonlawi 


Marwood  {Alioe),  dau^ter  of  an 
old  woman  who  oallod  herself  Mrs.  Brown. 
MThen  a  mere  girl,  sli«  was  concerned  in  a 
burglary  and  was  transported.  Carker, 
manager  in  the  firm  of  Uomb^  and  Son, 
seduced  her,  and  both  she  and  her  mother 
determined  on  revenge.  Alice  bore  a 
striking  resemblance  to  Edith  (Mr.  Pom- 
bey's  second  wife),  and  in  fact  they  were 
cousins,  for  Mrs.  Brown  was  **  wiife "  of 
the  Uother-in-law   of  the   Hon.   Mrs. 


Skewton  (Edith*s  mother).— C  Dickens, 
Dombey  and  Son  (1846). 

Marwood  {Mistress),  jilted  by  Fainall 
and  soured  against  the  whole  male  sex. 
She  says,  **I  have  done  hating  those 
vipers — m<Hi,  and  am  now  come  to  despise 
them ;  *'  but  she  thinks  of  marrying,  to 
keep  her  husband  '*on  the  rack  of  fear 
and  jealousy." — ^W.  Omgreve,  The  Way 
of  the  WoHd  (1700). 

Mary,  the  pretty  housemaid  of  the 
worshipnil  the  mayor  of  Ipswich  {Nup^ 
kins).  When  Arabella  ALen  marries  Mr. 
Winkle,  Bfary  enters  her  service;  but 
eventually  marries  Sam  Weller,  and  lives 
at  Dulwlch  as  Mr.  Pickwick's  house- 
keeper.— C.  Dickens,  TheFiokwtck  Papers 
(1886). 

Mary,  niece  of  Valentine  and  his  sister 
Alice.  In  love  with  Mons.  Thomas.— 
Beaumont  and  Flatcher,  Jfons.  Thomas 
(1619). 

Mary,  The  ^ptecn^s  Marys,  four  young 
ladies  of  quality,  of  the  same  age  as 
Mary  afterwards  "  queen  of  Scots.'* 
They  embarked  with  her  in  1548j  on 
board  the  French  galleys,  and  were  des- 
tined to  be  her  playmi^  in  childhood, 
and  her  companions  when  she  grew  up. 
Their  names  were  Mary  Beaton  (or 
Bethtne),  Mary  Livingston  (or  Leutson), 
Mary  Elemiog  (or  Flemyny),  and  Maiy 
Seaton  {SeUm  ot  Seyton), 

*^*  Blar^  Carmichael  has  no  nlace  in 
authentic  history,  although  an  old  ballad 
says: 

TaiMaa  tfia  ooaao  kad  Coor  Mana; 

Thla  night  iba'il  haa  but  thraa : 
Ibara  mw  Maiy  Bntim,  and  Manr  riaatMi. 

And  Maiy  CtemidMal,  and  BML 

*«*  One  of  Whyte  MelviUe*s  novels  is 
called  The  Queen* s  Marys, 

Mary  Anne,  a  slang  name  for  the 
^Ulotine ;  also  called  L'abbaue  de  montC' 
a-regret  ('*the  mountain  of  mournful 
ascent ").    (See  Marlan nb.) 

Mary  Anne,  a  generic  name  for  a  secret 
repubhcan  socie^  in  France.  (See  Ma- 
RiANNB.) — B.  Disraeli,  Lothair, 


Umij  Anna  vai  tha  nd-uunt  for  Qm  t^Nibllo  reara 


and  tbara  al«ar>  «m  a  aort  of  mjrth  that 
;  ■odatlat  had  haan  fuModad  hf  a  woaBaa. 
Tha    tUrj-Aanm  awndationi,  whicb  ara  aaanHany 
TC|mbae.Mna«aatMradabaacaUna  pixivlBOM  oT  Ptaaok. 


Mary  Oraliam,  an  orphan  adopted 
bjf  old  Martin  ChuKzIewit.  She  eventu- 
ally married  Martin  Chuszlewit  the 
grandson,  and  hero  of  the  tale. 


"The  romg  M/'mU  tha  oU  man.  "b  an  orphan 
chlU.  whm  .  .  .  1  hM«  tw*  — S  adMifii,  m,  ifjg* 


MART  8TUABT. 


690 


HASANIELLO. 


BNiar  the  wori.  adopted.  For  a  fmr  or  two  Ao  hM 
been  my  companion,  aiid  she  is  nty  only  onei  I  have 
in  ken  a  solemn  oath  not  to  leave  her  a  kfxpenoe  when  I 
die ;  but  while  1  lire,  I  make  lier  an  aimoal  allowance, 
not  extravagant  In  its  amount,  and  yet  not  stinted."— ' 
C.  Dickeui.  Martin  ChttazlntU,  iU.  (184»). 

Mar7  Stuart,  an  historical  tragedy 
by  J.  Ha3me8  (1840^.  The  subject  is 
the  death  of  David  RuueIo. 

*«*  Schiller  has  taken  Mary  Stuart 
for  the  subject  of  a  tragedy.  P.  Lebrun 
turned  the  German  drama  into  a  French 
play.  Sir  W.  Scott,  in  The  Abboty  has 
taken  for  his  subject  the  flight  of  Mary 
to  England. 

Mary  Tudor.  Victor  Hugo  has  a 
tragedy  so  called  (1883),  and  Tennyson,  in 
1878,  issued  a  play  entitled  Queen  Mary, 
an  epitome  of  the  zeign  of  the  Tudor 
Mar>'. 

Mary  and  Byron.  The  "  Mary  "  of 
lord  Byron  was  Miss  Chaworth.  Both 
were  under  the  guardianship  of  Mr. 
White.  Miss  Chaworth  married  John 
Musters,  and  lord  Byron  married  Miss 
Milbanke;  both  equally  unfortunate. 
Lord  Byron,  in  Tlie  Dream,  refers  to  his 
love-affair  with  Mary  Chaworth.  (See 
p.  145.) 

Mary  in  Heaven  ( To)  and  Highland 
Marji,  lyrios  addressed  by  Robert  Burns 
to  Mary  Campbell,  between  whom  and 
the  poet  there  existed  a  strong  attach- 
ment prerious  to  the  latter's  departure 
from  Ayrshire  to  Nithsdale.  Mary  Mori- 
eon,  a  youthful  effusion,  was  written  to 
the  object  of  a  prior  passion.    The  lines 

in  the  latter 

Those  amfltts  and  glaooes  let  me  aee, 
Thai  make  the  miser's  kroaaura  poor, 

resemble  those  in  Highland  Mary — 

Still  o'er  thoee  leenea  my  mtm'rj  wakea, 
And  fondly  broods  with  miser  care. 

Mary  of  Mode'na^  the  second  wife 

of  James  II.  of  England,  and  mother  of 

"  The  Pretender." 

Manuna  was  to  asmme  the  diaractar  and  stately  way  of 
the  royal  "Maiy  of  ModMia."— Peray  Fltvarald,  rJU 
PoTMnm  rwmUjf.  UL  288. 

Mary  queen  of  Scots  was  con- 
fined first  at  Carlisle ;  she  was  removed 
in  1568  to  Bolton ;  in  1569  she  was  con- 
fined at  Tutbury,  Wingfield,  Tutbur^, 
Ashby-de-la-Zouche,  and  Coventry ;  in 
1570  she  was  removed  to  Tutbury,  Chats- 
worth,  and  Sheffield ;  in  1577  to  ChatiH 
worth  ;  in  1578  to  Sheffield ;  in  1584  to 
Wingfield ;  in  1686  to  Tutbury,  Chartley, 
Tixhall,  and  Chartley  ;  in  1586  (Septem- 
ber 25)  to  Fotheringay. 

*.*  She  is  introduced  by  sir  W.  Scott 
in  his  novel  entiUed  The  Abbot. 


Schiller  has  taken  Mary  Stuart  for  the 
subject  of  his  best  tragedy,  and  P.  Lebrun 
brought  out  in  France  a  French  version 
thereof  (1729-1807). 

Mary  queen  of  Scots,  The  most  elegant 
and  poetical  compliment  ever  paid  to 
woman  was  paid  to  Mary  queen  of  Scot«, 
by  Shakespuire,  in  Midsummer  Night's 
Jjream.  Remember,  the  mermaid  is 
"  Quccn  Mary  ;  '*  the  dolphin  means  the 
*'aauphinof  France,**  whom  Mary  mar- 
ried ;  the  rude  sea  means  the  "  Scotch 
rebels ;  '*  and  the  stars  that  shot  from  their 
spheres  means  "the  princes  who  sprang 
from  their  all^pance  to  queen  Elizabeth. 

Tboa  renembcr^ 
Sines  once  I  nt  upon  a  prtMnontorr, 
And  beard  a  mermaid,  on  a  dutphiu't  back. 
Uttering  sucb  doleet  and  barmonlooa  bnath. 
That  the  md*  sea  grawchrflat  baraoBg; 
And  certain  stars  ikot  nuMjffnm  thstr  ^Ktre$, 
To  hear  the  aea-mafafs  mniie. 

ActlLsclOBH^ 

These  "  stars  **  were  the  earl  of  North- 
umberland, the  earl  of  Westmoreland,  and 
the  duke  of  Norfolk. 

Mary  the  Maid  of  the  Inn.  the 
delight  and  sunshine  of  tiie  parish,  about 
to  be  married  to  Richard,  an  idle,  worth- 
less fellow.  One  autumn  night,  two 
guests  were  drinking  at  the  inn,  and  one 
remarked  he  should  not  much  like  to  m 
to  the  abbey  on  such  a  night.  *M  II 
wager  tiiat  Maxy  will  go,**  said  the  other, 
and  the  bet  was  accepted.  Mary  went, 
and,hearing  footsteps,  stepped  into  a  place 
of  concealment,  when  presently  passed 
her  two  men  carrying  a  voung  woman 
they  had  just  murder^,  ^e  utt  of  one 
blew  off,  and  fell  at  Mary*s  feet.  She 
picked  it  up,  flew  to  the  inn,  told  her 
story,  and  then,  producing  the  hat,  found 
it  was  Richard*s.  Her  senses  gave  way, 
and  she  became  a  confirmed  maniac  for 
life. — R.  Southev,  Maru  the  Maid  of  the 
Inn  (from  Dr.  Plot*s  History  of  Stafford^ 
shire,  1686). 

Mar'zavan,  foster-brother  of  the 
princess  Badou'ra.  —  Arabian  N^ht9 
(**  Camaralzaman  and  Badoura**). 

Masaniello,  a  corruption  of  [Tom]- 
mas  Aniello,  a  Neapolitan  fisherman,  who 
headed  an  insurrection  in  1647  against 
the  duke  of  Arcos;  and  he  resolved  to 
kill  the  duke's  son  for  having  seduced 
Fenella  his  sister,  who  was  deaf  and 
dumb.  The  insurrection  succeeded,  and 
Masaniello  was  elected  by  his  rabble 
"chief  magistrate  of  Portici;**  but  h« 
beotme  intoxicated  with  his  greatness, 
so  the  mob  shot  him,  and  flung  his  deaa 
body  into  a  ditch*    Next  day,  however. 


MA9CARILLE. 


621 


MATABRUNS. 


it  WM  taken  out  and  interred  with  ranch 
ocremony  and  pomp.  When  Fenella 
lieard  of  her  brother's  death,  she  threw 
lieiBelf  into  the  crater  of  Vesuvius. 

*«*  Anber  has  an  opera  on  the  subject 
(1831),  the  Ubretto  bv  Scribe.  Caraffa 
had  chosen  the  same  subject  for  an  opera 
pceriously. 


(3  «y/.),  Uie  valet  of  La 

Grange.  In  order  to  reform  two  silly, 
romantic  girls.  La  Gran^  and  Du  Croisy 
intfoduce  to  them  their  valets,  as  the 
"  marquis  of  Mascarille  **  and  the  *  *  viscount 
of  Jodelei.**  The  ^rls  are  taken  with  their 
'*  aristocratie  visitors  ;  **  but  when  the 
game  has  gone  far  enoogh,  the  masters 
enttt  and  unmask  the  trick.  By  ^is 
oieans  the  girls  are  taught  a  most  useful 
lesson,  and  are  saved  from  any  serious 
ill  consequences. — Moli^re,  Let  Pr^cieuses 
MidteuUs  (1659). 

*«*  Voli^re  had  already  introduced 
the  same  name  in  two  other  of  his 
comedies,  L'Etourdi  (1653)  and  Le  D€pit 
Aa»6urvux  (1654). 

Masetto,  a  rustic  engaged  to  Zerllna ; 
but  don  Giovanni  intervenes  before  the 
wedding,  and  deludes  the  foolish  girl 
into  believing  that  he  means  to  make  bar 
a  great  lady  and  his  wife. — Mozart,  Don 
Gwvamu  (libretto  by  L.  da  Ponte,  1787), 

Mask'well,  the  "double  dealer." 
He  pretends  to  love  lady  Touchwood, 
but  it  is  only  to  make  her  a  tool  for 
breaking  the  attachment  between  Melle- 
font  (2  syL)  and  Cynthia.  Maskwdl 
pretends  friendship  for  Mellefont  merely 
to  throw  dust  in  his  eyes  respecting  his 
designs  to  cany  off  Cynthia,  to  whom 
Mellefont  is  betrothed.  Cunning  and 
hypocrisy  are  Maskwell*s  substitutes  for 
wisdom  and  honesty. — W.  Oongreve,  The 
DombU  DeoUer  (1700). 


( Wmiam).    The  medallion  to 

this  poet  in  Westminster  Abbey  was  by 
Bw»n. 

Mast  {Tht  Tallest).  The  mainmast 
of  the  Merry  Dim  of  Doner  was  so  tall 
"tiiat  the  boy  who  climbed  it  would  be 
grey  with  extreme  age  before  he  could 
reach  deck  again.'* — Scandinavian  My- 
thology, 

Master  (7:^).  (k>ethe  is  called  Der 
Meister  (1749-1832). 

I  biiiuJi  jroo.  Mr.  Tickler,  not  to  be  n  wcMtk  «b 
T.  —Jtoettt  Ambrottamk. 


Master   Adam,  Adam  Billaut,  the 
French  poet  (1602-1662). 


Master  Htunphrey,  the  narrator 
of  the  story  called  "  The  Old  Curiosity 
Shop.** — C.  Dickens,  Master  JSwnphrey^s 
Clock  (1840).  ' 

Master  Iieonard,  grand-master  of 
tiie  nocturnal  orgies  of  the  demons.  He 
presided  at  these  meetings  in  the  form  of 
a  three-homed  goat  with  a  black  human 
fcce. — Middle  Age  Demonology, 

Master,  like  Man  (Like). 


J  moll  Nan; 

Suoli  mMler,  auch  man. 
-  Tomtr,  mvfll.  SL 

Again  : 

BoA  ButBT.  neh  nmm  t  aod  aoA  mbtraa.  audi  maid  t 
Boch  hutbMid  and  hMswUe;  neh  Ikmim*  anald. 

T.  Toaaar,  /«m  fiundrmi  PMnts  qf  Ooad 
ntubandrit.  zxxLc  SS  (1597). 

Master  Matthew,  a  town  gull. — 
Ben  Jonson,  Every  Man  in  His  Humour 
(1598). 

We  have  the  dieatlna  hnmoar  In  die  cbaraeter  of  "  N/m,'* 
the  bragging  bumear  bi  "  Pistol."  the  rodancfaolrbamour 
In ''Marter  Stephen."  and  the  quarralUi«  htunoor  hi 
"Master  Matthew."— Ai*nAurv4  Bmtimc, 

Master  Stephen^  a  country  gull  of 
melancholy  humour.  (See  Master  Mat- 
TMKW.)— Ben  Jonson,  Every  Man  in  His 
Humour  (1598). 

Master  of  Sentences,  Pierre  Lorn- 
bard,  author  of  a  book  called  Sentences 
(1100-1164). 

Masters  {Doctor)^  physician  to  queen 
Elizabeth.— Sir  W.  Scott^  Kenilwortk 
(time,  Elizabeth). 

Masters  (The  Four)i  (1)  Michael 
0*Clerighe  {or  Qery),  who  died  1643; 
(2)  Cucoirighe  O'Clerighc ;  (3)  Maurice 
Conry ;  (4)  Fearfeafa  Conry ;  authors  of 
AnnMs  of  DonejcU, 

Mat  Misen,  mate  of  H.M.  ship 
Tiger.  The  type  of  a  daring,  reckless, 
dare-devil  English  sailor.  His  adven- 
tures with  Harry  Clifton  in  Delhi  form 
the  main  incidents  of  Barrvmore's  melo- 
diuma,  El  Hyder,  Chief 'of  the  Qfuntt 
Mountains, 

Mat-o'-the-Mint^  a  highwayman 
in  captain  Macheath*s  gang.  Peacbum 
says,  *'  He  is  a  promising,  sturdy  fellow, 
and  diligent  in  his  way.  Somewhat  too 
bold  and  hasty ;  one  that  may  raise  good 
contributions  on  the  public,  if  he  docs 
not  cut  himself  short  by  murder." — Gay, 
The  Beggar's  Opera,  i.  (1727). 

Matabrune  (3  w/.),  wife  of  king 
Pierron  of  the  Strong  Island,  and  mother 
of  prince  Oriant  one  of  the  ancestors  of 
Godfrey  of  Bouillon. — Mediesvai  Rcmamot 
of  Chivalry, 


HATHEMATIGAL  CALCULATORS.  6» 


MATTHIAS  DX  8ILTA. 


Mathamatioal  Oalonlaton. 

Georpre  Parkes  Bidd^,  president  of  tbe 
Institution  of  avil  Enioneefa  (1800-      ). 

Jedediah  Buxton  of  Elmeton,  in  Derby- 
shire.  He  would  tell  how  many  letters 
were  in  an^  one  of  his  fiither*s  sermons, 
after  heanng  it  from  the  pulpit.  He 
went  to  hear  Garrick,  in  Richard  IIL^  and 
told  how  many  words  each  actor  uttered 
1706-1775). 

Zerah  Colbum  of  Vermont,  U.S.,  came 
to  London  in  1812,  when  he  was  eight 
years  old.  The  duke  of  Gloucester  set 
him  to  multiply  fire  figures  by  three,  and 
he  gave  the  answer  instantly.  He  would 
extract  the  cube  root  of  nine  figures  in  a 
few  seconds  (1804-       ). 

Yito  Mangiamele,  son  of  a  Sicilian  shep- 
herd. In  1839  MM.  Arago,  Lacroix,  Libri, 
and  Sturm,  examined  the  boy,  toen  1 1 
years  old,  and  in  half  a  minute  he  told 
them  the  cube  root  of  seven  figures,  and 
io  three  seconds  of  nine  figures  (1818-     ). 

Alfragan,  the  Arabian  astronomer  (died 
830). 

Mathilde  (2  syl,^^  heroine  of  a  tale 
■o  called  by  Sopnie  Ristaud,  Dame  Cottin 
(1778-1807). 

MathU'de  (8  syL),  sister  of  Gessler  the 
tyrannical  governor  of  Switzerland,  in 
love  with  Amoldo  a  Swiss,  who  saved 
her  life  when  it  was  imperilled  by  an 
avalanche.  After  the  death  of  Gessler, 
she  married  the  bold  Swiss. — Rossini, 
Otiglielmo  TM  (an  opera,  1829). 

MatbiB,  a  (xerman  miller,  greatly  in 
debt.  One  Christmas  Eve  a  Polish  Jew 
came  to  his  house  in  a  sledge,  and,  af^cr 
rest  and  refreshment,  started  for  Nantzlg, 
**four  leagues  off.**  Mathis  followed 
him,  killed  him  with  an  axe,  and  burnt 
the  body  in  a  lim»-kiln.  He  then  paid 
his  debts,  greatly  prospered,  and  became 
a  highly  respected  burgomaster.  On  the 
wedding  nignt  of  his  cmly  child,  Annette, 
he  died  of  apoplexy,  of  which  be  had 
previous  warning  by  tbe  constant  sound 
of  sledge-bells  in  his  ears.  In  his  dream 
he  sup^>osed  himself  put  into  a  mesmeric 
sleep  m  open  court,  when  he  confessed 
ever}'thing,  and  was  executed.— J.  B. 
Ware,  The  Polish  Jew. 

*^*  This  is  the  character  which  first 
introduced  H.  Irving  to  public  notice. 

Hath'isen,  one  of  the  three  ana- 
baptists who  induced  Jdin  of  Leyden  to 
J'oin  their  rebellion ;  but  no  sooner  was 
bhn  proclaimed  "the  prophet-king'* 
than  the  three  rebels  betrayed  him  to  ue 


emperor.  When  the  villains  entered  Am 
banquet-hall  to  arrest  tl^r  dnpe,  they  all 
perished  in  tbe  flames  of  the  baiBia^ 
palace. — Mejrubeer,  Ze  FropliiU  {mn 
opera,  1849). 

Matil'da,  sister  of  RoOo  and  Ott<» 
dukes  of  Normandy,  and  daughter  of 
Sophia. — Beanmont  and  Fletdhei^  lh§ 
Bloody  Broifm-  (1689). 

Matiida,  daughter  of  lord  Robert  FHz- 
waiter. 

*4i*  Michael  Dravton  has  a  poem  of 
some  650  lines  so  called. 

ifatilday  daughter  of  Rokeby,  and  niec« 
of  Morthiwa.  Matilda  was  beloved  by 
Wilfred,  son  of  Oswald ;  but  she  hefseU 
loved  Redmond,  her  father's  page,  wIm 
turned  out  to  be  Mortham's  son.-— Sir  W« 
Scott,  Hokeby  (1812). 

Matsys  (<?tfm^'n),  a  btacksmitii  of 
Antwerp.  He  fell  in  love  with  Liza  the 
daughter  of  Johann  Mandyn,  the  artist. 
The  father  declared  that  none  but  an 
artist  should  have  her  to  wife ;  so  Matsya 
relinquished  his  ^lade,  and  devoted  him- 
self to  painting.  After  a  while,  he  weni 
into  the  studio  of  Mandyn  to  see  his 
picture  of  the  &llen  angels :  and  on  thm 
outstretched  leg  of  one  of  the  figures 
painted  a  bee.  This  was  so  Ufe-liks 
that,  when  the  old  man  returned,  he 
proceeded  to  fHghten  it  off  with  his 
nandkerchief.  H^en  he  diseovered  the 
deception,  aad  found  out  it  was  done 
by  Hatsys,  he  was  so  delighted  diat  he 
at  onoe  gave  Liza  to  him  for  wife. 

KCatthew  T^erxywreek^  the  aer- 
vant  of  Ralph  Roister  Doister.  He  is  a 
flesh-and-blood  representative  of  '^vice" 
in  the  old  morality-plays.  —  Nicholas 
Udall,  Ralph  Roister  DoUier  (the  first 
English  comedy,  1634). 


Matthiaa  de  Kon^ada,  a 

cnant.  He  is  the  father  of  Mn.  WlUicr* 
ington,  wife  of  general  Witherington.— 
Sir  W.  Scott,  The  SuiyeoH^s  JkntghUr 
(time,  George  II.). 

Matthias  de  Silva  (Dos),  a  Span- 
ish beau.  This  exquisite  one  day  re- 
ceived a  challenge  lor  defamation  sooa 
after  he  had  retired  to  bed,  and  said  to 
his  valet,  **  I  would  not  get  up  before 
noon  to  make  one  in  the  best  party  of 
pleasure  that  was  ever  projected.  Judge, 
then,  if  I  shall  rise  at  six  o'clock  in  th# 
morning  to  get  my  throat  cut.** — Lesage, 
OH  BkUy  iii.  8  (1716). 

(This  reply  was  bonowed 


MATnS. 


HATTHI-GASIMA. 


^ .   of  EdpineL  entiikid    Vith  del 

SKttdtm  Manx*  de  uhr^goiiy  161S.) 

Mattie,  maidsenrant  of  Bailie  Kicol 
Jarvie,  and  afterwards  his  wife. — Sir  W* 
Scott,  Jto6  Roy  (time,  George  I.). 

I^*'*^'^,  ft  jromig  lady,  described  aa : 

riMUtilr  fBBltlMi.  icOx  ngnlv.  ipleDdkUjr  noIL 


Matide  (1  «y/.)»  wife  of  Peter  Pimte- 
*'  who  loTed  cleanliness.*' 


from  aB  foaleaci ; 
lai-k«l  dovtai  wlthoam  b^flm, 
«7pal  bcT  diibe*  with  her  donpM  lay  H. 


MauciSy  the  Nestor  of  Frendi  ro- 
■Boe.  He  was  one  of  Charlemagne*! 
a  m^jpcian  and  duimpion. 


«• 


%*  In  ItaUJui  romance  he  is  callod 


**  {q.vJ), 


Maogiis  d'Aygremont.  son  of 
dake  Beris  d'Aygremcmt,  stolen  in  in- 
fancy by  a  female  slare.  As  die  illave 
icsted  under  a  white-thorn,  a  lion  and 
a  leopard  devovied  her,  and  then  killed 
each  other  in  disputing  orer  the  iniant. 
Oriaade  la  f^  attmcted  to  the  spot  by 
tile  ciyiaf;  of  the  child,  exclaimed,  **  By 
the  powers  above,  the  child  is  mai  gik 
('  bMUv  norsed  *) !  **  and  ever  after  it  was 
called  Ifal-gist  or  M ao-gis*.  When  grown 
to  manhood,  he  obtained  the  endutnted 
hone  Bajraitl,  and  took  from  Anthenor 
(the  Saracen)  the  sword  Flamberge.  Sub- 
sequently, he  gave  both  to  his  cousin 
Benaud  {JRenalio). — Romance  of  MaugU 
fAjfgremtmt  H  de  Ftmon  mm  F)rire, 

%*  In  the  Italian  romance,  Mangis  is 
called  ^Malagigi,**  Bevis  is  *'  Bhoto," 
Bavard  is  **Bayardo,**  Flambenrc  is 
•«  fusberta,**  and  Renaod  is  "  Renaldo/* 

Mangrabin  {Zamety^  a  Bohemian 
hnnf  near  Plessis  16b  Tours. 

Uayraddok  Maugrabm,  the  *'  Zincaro,** 
bffoibcf  of  Zamet  Mauffrabin.  He  a»- 
snmes  the  disguise  of  Kouge  San^Her, 
and  pffstcnds  to  be  a  herald  from  Li^ge 
[Zeunerj.— 6ir  W.  Scotty  QuetUin  Ihtrward 
(dmc,  Edward  IV.). 

ICaa'grab^y  son  of  Hal-il-Ma«- 
ffitby  and  his  wife  Tandar.  Hal-41- 
SlangTmby  founded  Dom-Daniel  **  under 
the  roots  of  the  ocean"  near  the  coast 
of  Tunis^  and  his  son  completed  it. 
He  and  his  son  were  the  greatest 
magicians  that  ever  lived.  Hangraby 
was  killed  by  prince  Habed-il-Uoumao, 
•OB  of  the  ci&ifih  of  Syria,  and  with  his 
death   ^m-Daoiel  coMod    to   exist.'- 


OonHnmUHm  of  ArMm  NighU  (*'  Hl»* 
tory  of  Maugraby  "). 


Mnshtjr. 


DM  th^  not  M^  low  wnn  w^  that  ■  w 
tjr.  the  Maugntbjr  would  tak*  ut  f 
AnMan  jrigkts.  It.  74 


1 1    Cpwrtmiarttm  ^ 


Maugys,  a  giant  who  kept  the  bridge 
leading  to  a  castle  in  which  a  lady  was 
besieged.  Sir  Lyblus,  one  of  the  knighti 
of  the  Round  Table,  did  battle  with  him, 
slew  him,  and  liberated  the  lady.^- 
Libeaux  (a  ronumce). 

MauL  a  giant  who  used  to  spoil 
young  pilgrims  with  sophistry.  He  at- 
tacks Mr.  Greatheart  with  a  club ;  but 
Greatheart  pierced  him  under  the  fifth 
rib,  and  then  cut  off  his  head. — Bunyan, 
PUgrhrCs  Progress,  ii.  (1684). 

Maul  of  Monks.  Thomas  Crom« 
well,  visitor-general  of  English  monas- 
teries, which  he  summarily  suppressed 
(1490-ld40). 

Maulstatute  (Sfaster)^  a  magistrate. 
—Sir  W.  Scott,  Peverii  of  the  Peak  (time, 
Chariee  II.). 

Maun'drel,  a  wearisome  gossip^  a 

chattering  woman. 

**  HmmI  jroor  tongas,  Maundrd."  crM  th«  nrseei^ 
OtfvwfnctM  oohwobon  th«  floor  and  sppljiiig  •  dmatag. 
1  tmd  OMf .  UL  SL 


MaundrdSy  vagaries,  especially  those  of 
a  person  in  delirium,  or  the  dbjoiated 
gabble  of  a  sleeps. 

*«*  The  word  is  said  to  be  a  corrup- 
tion of  Mandeville  {sir  John),  who  pu&< 
lished  a  book  of  travels,  full  of  idle  tales 
and  maundering  gossip. 

Mauprat  {Adrien  de),  colonel  and 
chevalier  in  the  king*s  armv ;  **  the 
wildest  gi^lant  and  bravest  knight  of 
France.**  He  married  Julie;  but  the 
king  accused  him  of  treason  for  so  doing, 
and  sent  him  to  the  Bastille.  Being 
released  by  the  cardinal  Richelieu,  he 
was  forgiven,  and  made  happy  with  the 
blessing  of  the  king. — Lom  Lytton, 
Michelieu  (1839). 

Maurioe  Beevor  (^),  a  miser, 
and  (falling  the  children  of  the  countess) 
heir  to  the  Arundel  estates.  The  countess 
having  two  sons  (Arthur  and  Percy),  sir 
Maunce  hired  assassins  to  murder  them ; 
but  his  plots  were  frustrated,  and  the 
miser  went  to  his  grave  "a  sordid, 
spat-npon,  reven^less,  worthless,  ana 
rascally  poor  cousin." — Lord  Lytton,  The 
Sea-Captain  (1839). 

Mauri-Oaaixaa,  an  island  near 
Formosa,  said  to  have  been  wnak  in  tha 


MAUSS. 


9H 


MAXIMUS. 


§m  in  consequenoe  of  the  great  crimes  of 
itB  inhabitants. — Kocnipfer,  Japan. 

The  cities  of  the  phiin,  we  are  told  in 
the  Bible,  were  sunk  under  the  waters  of 
the  Dead  Sea  for  a  similar  reason. 

MauBe  {Otd)f  mother  of  Cuddie 
HeadrigK,  and  a  covenanter. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Old  Mortality  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Mausolus,  king  of  Caria,  to  whom 
his  wife  Artemisia  erected  a  sepulchre 
which  was  one  of  the  "  Seven  Wonders 
of  the  World"  (b.c.  863). 

The  chief  mausoleums  besides  this  are 
those  of  Augustus ;  Hadrian  (now  called 
the  castle  of  St.  Angelo)  at  Rome ;  Henri 
II.,  erected  by  Catherine  de  Medicis  ;  St. 
Peter  the  Martyr  in  the  church  of  St. 
Enstatius,  by  G.  Balduccio ;  that  to  tile 
memory  of  Louis  XYI. ;  and  the  tomb  of 
Napoleon  in  Les  Invalides,  Paris.  The 
one  erected  by  oueen  Victoria  to  prince 
Albert  may  also  be  mentioned. 

Mauthe  I>og,  a  black  spectre 
spaniel  that  haunted  the  guard-room  of 
]reeltown  in  the  Isle  of  Man.  One  day, 
a  drunken  trooper  entered  the  guard- 
room while  the  dog  was  there,  but  lost 
his  speech,  and  died  within  three  days. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Lay  of  the  Last  Minstrel^ 
vi.  26  (1805). 

Mauxalin'da»  in  love  with  Moore  of 
Moore  Hall ;  but  the  valiant  combatant 
of  the  dragon  deserts  her  for  Margery, 
daughter  of  Gubbins,  of  Roth'ram  Green. 
— H.  Carey,  Dragon  of  WatUiey  (1696- 
1748). 

Mavortian,  a  soldier  or  son  of 
Mavors  (Mars), 

Hew  drcndniO  MaTortfaui  tb»  poor  prioa  of  a  dbnicr.— 
Bkfaard  Bfoma,  Plm^ft  {19SS^ 

Mavoumin.  Irish  for  ''dariing.** 
£rin  maixmmm  ('*  Ireland,  my  darling^*). 

LmmI  of  my  foretetben  I  Brio  to  bragh  I 
BorM  and  oaUj,«lieB  my  heart  sUlb  her  moUra ; 
Green  be  tbj  fleMs.  sweetest  iaie  of  the  ocean  ; 
And  thy  barp-itriliinc  banta  ring  alood  with  devotloii, 

ICnn  ma^ournin  I  Erin  go  braffh ! 

CampbeU.  JBROeof  JMn. 

•^*  Bragh  «=  6ra«>,  to  rttyme  wiUi 
<•  draw/'  ^»  Erin  go  bnigh  !  '^  ue.  "  Ire- 
land for  ever ! " 

MawTVonn,  a  vulgar  copjr  of  Dr. 
Cantwcll  **  the  hyfiocrite.'*  He  is  a  most 
gross  abuser  of  his  mother  tongue,  but 
believes  he  has  a  call  to  preach.  He  tells 
old  lady  Lambert  that  he  has  made 
several  sermons  alreodv,  but  "alwavs 
does  *em  extrumpery**  because  he  coiud 
not  write.  He  finds  his  **  religious  voca- 
tion'*    more     profitable     than     selling 


"grocery,  tea,  small  beer,  diarcoaL 
butter,  brickdust,  and  other  spices,  **  and 
so  comes  to  the  conclusion  that  it  **is 
sinful  to  keep  shop.**  He  is  a  convert  of 
Dr.  Cantwell,  and  believes  in  him  to  the 
last. 

Do  dafttae  aae;  Da  tta  pffoodrr  for  it    I  Uha  t»  ka 

deq>toBd.~L  Bkkentaff.  Th»  ity/MwHM,  U.  1  <17«8). 


a  huntsman,  and  the  best 
marksman  in  Germany.  He  was  piloted 
to  Agatha,  who  was  to  be  his  wife,  if  htt 
won  the  prize  in  the  annual  match.  Cas- 
par induced  Max  to  go  to  the  wolfs  glen 
at  midnight  and  obtain  seven  charmed 
balls  from  Samiel  the  Black  Huntsman. 
On  tiie  day  of  contest,  while  Max  was 
shooting,  he  killed  Caspar  who  wan  con- 
ceiled  in  a  tree,  and  toe  king  in  conse- 
quence abolished  this  annual  fite^-^ 
Weber,  Der  J^eiacAutz  (an  opera,  1823). 

Maxixne  (2  sy/.),  an  officer  of  tfa« 
prefect  Almachins.  He  was  ordered  to 
put  to  death  Valirian  and  Tibur'od,  be- 
cause they  refused  to  worship  the  image 
of  Jupiter;  but  he  took  pity  on  them, 
took  them  to  his  house,  became  con- 
verted, and  was  baptized.  When  Valiriaa 
and  Tiborcd  were  afterwards  martyred, 
Maxime  said  he  saw  angels  come  aod 
carry  them  to  heaven,  whereupon  Alma- 
chius  caused  him  to  be  beaten  with  roda 
**  til  he  his  lif  gan  lete."— Chancer,  Oam- 
terbury  Tdles  (*«  Second  Nun's  Tale,** 
1888). 

*^*  This  is  based  on  the  story  of 
** Cecilia"  in  the  Lcaenda  Attrea ;  and 
both  are  imitations  of  the  story  of  Paol 
and  the  jailer  of  Philippi  {Acts  xri. 
19-84). 

Maxixnil'lanTson  of  Frederick  in.), 
the  hero  of  the  Teuerdankf  the  Orlando 
Fwrioso  of  the  Germans,  by  Melchior 
Pfinzing. 


SatttiepoaC 


.  .  •  r%ere]  In  old  lievoic  vt^t, 
Mrimlor.  fli«ifif  kaiear  Maiterilhui^ 


LoogioOov,  JVi 


Mazixnin,a  Roman  tyrant. — ^Drydcn, 
Tyrammo  Loce  or  The  Hoyal  Martyr, 

Maximus  (called  by  GeoflFrey, "  Max- 
imian''),  a  Roman  senator,  who,  in  881, 
was  invited  to  become  king  of  Britain. 
He  conooered  Armorica  {Bretagne),  and 
**  publisned  a  decree  for  the  assembling 
together  there  of  100,000  of  the  con.uion 
people  of  Britain,  to  colonize  the  land, 
and  30,000  soldiers  to  defend  the  colonv.** 
Hence  Armorica  was  called,  "  The  ouier 
Britain"  or  **  Uttie  Britain."— <i;«oifrey, 
British  history,  r.  14  (1142). 


MAXWELL. 


626 


MATLIE. 


Got  IfniiMH  at  lantlh  the  Tictory  In  Cfaud. 
.  .  .  vtere,  after  QrOiui'*  Ml. 
Aramrim  to  tlNm  tb*  vaHant  Tictor  gave .  . . 
WUAtokmr  .  •  ■  ii"Uttle  Britain  "called. 

DngrtoB.  PoltfolMoit,  ix.  (ISlfl). 

Maxwell,  depaty  chamberlain  at 
WhitehaU.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Fortunes  of 
Nijei  (time,  James  !.)• 

Maxwell  {Mr.  Pate)^  laird  of  Summer- 
trees,  called  "  Pate  in  Peril ; "  one  of  the 
SApist  conspirators  vith  Redgauntlet. — 
ir  W.  Scott,  Redgmmtiet  (time,  Georire 
III.). 

MoxvmU  {The  Right  Hon,  William) y 
lord  Evandale,  an  officer  in  the  king*N 
arniy.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Old  Mortalitv  {t{m%, 
Charles  H.). 

May,  a  girl  who  married  January,  a 
Lombard  baxon  60  years  old.  She  loved 
Damyan,  a  young  squire ;  and  one  day 
the  baron  cat^^t  Damvan  and  Mav  fond- 
ling each  otherj  but  the  young  wife  told 
her  husband  his  eyes  were  so  defective 
that  they  could  not  be  trusted.  The 
tM  man  accepted  the  solution — ^for  what 
is  better  than  **a  fruitful  wife  and  a 
confiding  spouse  ?  *' — Chaucer,  Canterbury 
Tales  ("  The  Merchant's  Tale,*"  1888). 

May  tmlacky  for  Brides.  Mary 
qoeen  of  Scotland  married  Bothwell,  the 
murderer  of  her  husband  lord  Damley, 
on  May  12. 

MwiH  BMlnm  Mate  nnbara  mlgM  ait 

May-Day  {EvU)^  May  1,  1617,  when 
the  London  apprentices  rose  up  against 
the  foreign  residents  and  did  incalculable 
mischief.  This  riot  began  May  1,  and 
lasted  till  May  22. 

May  Queen  {The)^  a  poem  in  three 
parts  by  Tennyson  (1842).  Alice,  a 
tMi^t-eyed,  merry  child,  was  chosen 
May  queen,  and,  being  afraid  she  might 
oversleep  herself,  told  her  mother  to  be 
sure  to  cslX  her  early. 

I  ilrep  m  momd  all  night.  motlMr,  that  I  diatl  nervr 


If  7«  da  ■•trail  me  kind  whan  thedi^  bcgim  to  break : 
Bat  I  noit  gather  knota  of  Soven,  and  bods  and  garlaiMb 

o^  the  Maf,  mother,  Tm  to  be  queen 


For  Tb  to  be 
e' the  May: 

The  old  year  passed  away,  and  the  black- 
eyed,  rustic  maiden  was  dying.  She 
hoped  to  greet  the  new  year  before  her 
eyes,  closed  in  death,  and  bade  her  mother 
once  again  to  be  sure  to  call  her  early ; 
but  it  was  not  now  because  she  slept  so 
soundly.  Alas!  no. 
Oeod  lA^tt,  awaet  naotber:  rail  me  before  Uie  daj  ta 


Al  aiiht  I  Ua  swaka.  bat  I  fril  Mieep  at  aiora ; 


But  I  mtdd  aea  tbeaon  riae  open  tiia  glad  Nov  Tear. 
8ob  If /on're  vaUng.  caU  me^  call  me  earlr.  moUier 


The  day  rose  and  passed  away,  but 
Alice  lingered  on  till  March.  The  snow- 
drops had  ^one  before  her,  and  the 
violets  were  m  bloom.  Robin  had  dearly 
loved  the  child^  but  the  thoughtless 
village  beauty,  in  her  joyous  girlhood, 
tossed  her  head  at  him,  and  never  thought 
of  love  ;  but  now  that  she  was  going  to 
the  land  of  shadows,  her  dying  words 
were: 

And  aay  to  Robin  a  kind  word,  and  teO  him  not  to  fret; 
Thara'i  many  worthier  than  I,  woald  naike  him  happy 

Ured— I  cannot  teO— I  might  have  been  hb  wife : 

Brtan  theee  tiiinp  hawoMead  to  be.  with  Bv  derfia  o/ 
ura. 

Maye  (7^),  that  subtile  and  ab- 
struse sense  which  the  goddess  Maya 
inspires.  Plato,  Epicharmos,  and  some 
other  ancient  philosophers  refer  it  to  the 
pr^ence  of  divinity.  "  It  is  the  divinity 
which  stirs  within  us.*'  In  poetry  It 
gives  an  inner  sense  to  the  outward  word, 
and  in  common  minds  it  degenerates  into 
delusion  or  second  sight.  Maya  is  an 
Indian  deity,  and  personates  the  "power 
of  creation." 

Hartmaan  poartde  ki  Uky,  .  .  .  U  takm  ptedtredana 
•ee  eerite  leu  Mntlmenta,  et  lei  pene^ee  dont  aon  Ame  eat 
remplie.  et  cfaerehe  mo*  eeme  4  resoodre  lea  aatttMMs.^ 
G.  Wrtier.  M/lst.  d*  la  UtUntmn  AlUmattd*. 

Mayeux,  a  stock  name  in  France  for 
a  man  deformed,  vain,  and  licentious,  but 
witty  and  brave.  It  occurs  in  a  larga 
number  of  French  romances  and  cari- 
catures. 

Masrflower,  a  ship  of  180  tons, 
which,  in  December,  1620,  started  from 
Plvmonth,  and  conveyed  to  Massachusetts, 
in  North  America,  102  puritans,  called  the 
"Pilgrim  Fathers,"  who  named  their 
settlement  New  Plymouth. 

...  the  ir«|HCow«r  mlled  ftom  the  harbour  rPfjrmotrfAl 
Took  the  wind  on  her  qnarter.  and  Mood  for  the  open 


and  tha  iwelUng  heartior 


AUantlc. 
Borne  on  the  oind  of  the 
the  pUgrloM. 
LongtsUow.  Courtship  9f  MUm  SUutdlak,  r.  (ISH). 

Men  of  the  Mayflower^  the  Pilgrim 
Fathers,  who  went  out  in  the  MayJ&wer 
to  North  America  in  1620. 

Mayflower  {Phcsbe\  servant  at  sir 
Henry  Lee's  lodge.—Sir  W.  Scott,  Wood- 
stock (time,  Commonwealth). 

Maylie  {Mrs,),  the  Udy  of  the  house 
attacked  burglariously  by  Bill  Sikes  and 
others.  Mrs.  Maylie  is  mother  of  Harry 
Maylie,  and  aunt  of  Rose  Fleming  who 
lives  with  her. 

She  WM  well  advanood  in  yean,  bat  the  high-hacked 
oakao  chair  In  whkh  ilie  tat  was  not  more  upright  than 

2  s 


MAYOR  OF  GARRATT. 


GM 


MEAGLES. 


iba.  Dreaed  with  fb«  otmort  nicety  and  preebloii  hi  • 
qiimlct  tutxtore  of  bjvone  ooaumie,  with  aome  dlgbt  con- 
nflrni  to  tb*  pr«v»Ulii«  taste,  which  latbcr  acrrwl  to 
point  the  old  Uyle  pleaBautfar  tlwn  u*  impair  iti  dhcX,  the 
aat  in  a  atntelr  manner.  wUh  her  handa  foUad  baforabar. 
~Oh.xxU. 

Harry  MayUe^  Mn.  Maylie's  son.  He 
marries  his  cousin  Rose  Fleoung. — C. 
Dickens,  Oliner  Twist  (1837). 

Mayor  of  Gkurratt  ( The).  Gairatt 
is  between  Wandsworth  and  Tooting. 
The  first  mayor  of  this  vilUge  was 
elected  towards  the  close  of  the  eigh- 
teenth cento  ry,  and  the  election  came 
about  thns :  Garratt  Common  had  often 
been  encroached  on,  and  in  1780  the  in- 
habitants associated  themselves  toj^ether 
to  defend  their  rights.  The  chairman 
was  called  Mayor,  and  m  it  happened  to 
be  the  time  of  a  general  election,  the 
society  made  it  a  law  that  a  new 
"  mayor "  should  be  elected  at  every 
general  election.  The  addresses  of  these 
mayors,  written  by  Foote,  Garrick, 
Wiiks,  and  otiiers,  are  satires  and  politi- 
cal squibs.  The  first  mayor  of  Garratt 
was  "sir''  John  Harper,  a  retailer  of 
brickdust ;  and  the  last  was  "  sir"  Harry 
Dimsdale,  a  mufltn-seller  (1796).  In 
Foote's  farce  so  callttl,  Jcny  Sneak  is 
chosen  mayor,  son-in-law  of  the  land- 
lord (1768). 

Mayors  {Lord)  who  have  fonnded 
noble  houses : 

ATBLA.ND  {/.ord).  from  dr  Ollbert  Hcathcole  -  J71i 
UAc^iN  {Lord),  from  rir  Thomaa  Cooke,  itraper  1BB7 
Bath  {Mnrguli  of),  from  sir  Kowland  Hex- 
ward,  ciiAh-worlter VStH 

BtiAriwouKB  (Lord),  from  air  John  Grasham, 

grootrr 1547 

BBuuKB  [Lord),  from  itr  Samod  Daihwood, 

vinlnar 17W 

BocKJMOHAM  (/hOw  cif),  from  At  John  Gra- 

■hfiro.  grocer 1**7 

OuMPTo.v  {Lord),  fram    afar  Woliton    INzta, 

RiilDner ises 

Ckaxdoi'BXB  ( rtteount),  from  ilr  Christopher 

Goaooigne 1788 

DlNBieu  {Earl  qf),  from  Ox  Godfiwy  Flddhlg, 

mercer 1451 

DoN!fB  ( VUrount),  from  sir  Gilbert  Heatbcote  1711 
FmwiuiAM   {Karl    of),  from  ilr  Tbomaa 

Cook».  draper 1907 

Pauibrstox  {Lord),  from  dr  John  Houldon, 

grocer 1698 

Sausbuby  (Mar^uit  ttf),  from  ilr  Thomaa 

CiM>lu;.  draper 1557 

Wabwii*k  {Karl  tf),  from  sir  Samuel  Diuh- 

wood.  vintner 17M 

WiI.'niHIRB(&«W(^,  fhrnirirGodfrnr  Bolelna    1467 

(queen  Elizabeth  wa«  hi*  gmnddauipter). 

Maypole  ( The)^  the  nickname  given 
to  Emngard  Melosine  de  Scbulembcrg, 
duchess  of  Kendal,  the  mistress  of 
(ieorge  I.,  on  account  of  her  leanness  and 
height  (1719,  died  1748). 

Maaagran,  in  Algeria.  Ever  since 
the  captnre  of  this  town  by  the  French, 


black  coffee  diluted  with  cold  water  for  a 
beverage  has  been  called  tin  M<uagran* 

Masarin  of  lietters  (TAe), 
D'Alembert  (1717-1788). 

Mazarme  (^),  a  common  conncil* 
man  of  London ;  so  called  from  the 
mazarine-blue  silk  gown  worn  by  this 
civil  fimctionary. 

Maoepjpa  (•/<»»),  a  hetman  of  the 
Cossacks,  bom  of  a  noble  Polish  family 
in  Podolia.  He  was  a  page  in  the  court 
of  Jan  (^imir  king  of  Poland,  and  while 
in  this  capacity  intrigued  wiUi  Theresi* 
the  young  wife  of  a  Podolian  cosnt,  who 
discovered  the  amour,  and  had  the  youn^ 
page  lashed  to  a  wild  horse,  and  turned 
adrift.  The  horse  rushed  in  mad  fury, 
and  dropped  down  dead  in  the  Ukraine, 
where  Mazeppa  was  released  by  a  Cos- 
sack, who  nursed  him  carefully  in  his 
own  hut.  In  time  the  voung  page 
became  a  prince  of  the  tTkraine,  bot 
fought  against  Russia  in  the  battle  of 
Pultowa.  Lord  Byron  (1819)  makes 
Mazeppa  tell  his  tale  to  Charles  XII. 
after  the  battie  (1640-1709). 

"  MoMer  RiebardaoB  "  bad  a  ana  apfvedatiaa  oTfRsfua. 
and  left  the  original  "  Mnspppa"  at  Aatkar*!  a  haodaow 
Iega<7  {l7W-iS»\  — Mait  Lemon. 

M.  B.  Waistcoat,  a  clerical  waist- 
coat. M.  B.  means  "Mark  [of  the\ 
Beast ;  '*  so  called  because,  when  these 
waislcoats  were  first  worn  by  protestant 
cler^men  (about  1830),  they  were  stig- 
matized as  indicating  a  popish  tendency. 

He  sniied  at  the  foDr  wfakh  atigmatlaed  am  M.  BL 
waistcoat.~MrB.  OUphant.  Pitote,  /im..  I.  L 

Meadows  {Sir  Wiiliam),  a  kind 
country  gentleman,  the  friend  of  Jack 
Etistace  and  father  of  young  Meadows. 

Young  Jfeadaws  left  his  father's  home 
because  the  old  gentleman  wanted  him  to 
marry  Rosetta,  whom  he  had  never  seen. 
He  called  himself  Thomas,  and  entered 
the  sen-ice  of  iustice  Woodcock  as  gar- 
dener. Here  he  fell  in  love  with  the 
supposed  chamber-maid,  who  proved  to 
be  Kosetta,  and  their  marriage  fulfilled  the 
desire  of  all  the  parties  interested. — I. 
Bickerstaff,  Love  in  a  Viliage, 

Chariea  Dignmn  made  hia  dfbnt  at  thninr  Lane.  In  17S^ 
in  tlie  rhnmrter  of  "  Toung  Uendows."  His  votco  wai  aa 
clear  and  fall-tuned,  and  ULs  manner  of  ringing  m  ju4^ 
clout,  thftt  he  was  received  with  tiie  wannest  aptdatue.— 
lilctiomtry  of  JtuMMan$. 

Meagles  (i/>*.),  an  eminently  "pra^ 
tical  man,*'  who,  being  well  off,  travelled 
over  the  world  for  pleasure.  His  party 
consisted  of  himself,  his  daughter  Pet, 


MEAIr-TUB  PLOT. 


917 


HEDECIN  MALGRE  LUI. 


daagliter*!  servant  cmlled  Tatty- 
conun.  A  jolly  nnm  was  Mr.  Meagies ; 
boi  clear-headed,  shrewd,  and  perse- 
▼erinj;. 

Mrt.  MeagleSy  wife  of  the  **  practical 
man,**  and  motbtf  ef  Pet. — C  Dickens, 
LOdt  DmrU  (1857). 

Meal-Tub  Plot,  a  fictititfos  eon- 
spiracy  concocted  by  Dangerfield  for  the 
purpose  of  cnttins;  off  those  who  opposed 
the  snoccssion  of  James  duke  of  York, 
altefwards  James  II.  The  acheme  was 
concealed  in  a  meal-tnb  ia  the  house  of 
Mm.  CcUier  (1685). 

Measure  fbr  Measure.  There 
was  «  law  in  Vienna  that  made  it  death 
for  a  man  to  live  with  a  woman  not  his 
wife ;  but  the  law  was  so  little  enforced 
that  the  mothers  of  Vienna  complained  to 
the  duke  of  its  aeglect.  So  the  duke 
depQted  Angelo  to  enforce  it;  and,  as- 
tnmin^  the  diess  of  a  friar,  absented 
himself  awhile,  to  watch  the  result. 
Scarcely  was  the  duke  gone,  when  Clandio 
was  sentenced  to  death  for  Tiolating  the 
law.  Uis  sister  Isabel  went  to  intercede 
on  hia  behalf,  and  Angelo  told  h^  he 
woold  spare  her  brothor  if  she  wonld 
become  has  Phrynd.  Isabel  told  her 
brother  he  must  prepare  to  die,  as  the 
oondi^ona  proposed  by  Angelo  were  out 
of  the  qmstion.  The  duke,  disguised  as 
a  friar,  heard  the  whole  story,  and  per- 
naded  Isabel  to  '^  assent  in  words,"  but 
to  send  Mariana  (the  dirorced  w^  of 
Angelo)  to  take  her  place.  This  was 
done ;  out  Angelo  sent  the  provost  to 
behead  Clandio,  a  crime  which  **the 
friar  **  contrived  to  avert.  Next  day,  the 
doke  returned  to  flie  city,  and  Isabel  told 
her  taie.  The  end  was,  the  duke  married 
Isabel^  Angelo  took  back  his  wife,  and 
daadio  married  Juliet  whom  he  had 
seduced. — Shakespeare,  Ueamrt  fur  Mw- 
sw  (1C03). 

*«^  This  story  is  from  Whetstene*s 
Hfptaxneron  ^1678).  A  similar  stonr  is 
given  also  in  Giraldi  Cxntbio's  third 
decade  of  stories. 

Medam'othi*  the  bland  at  whkh  the 
fleet  of  Pantag'ruel  landed  on  the  fourth 
day  of  tiieir  voyage.  Here  many  choice 
curiosities  were  bought,  such  as  **  the 
picture  of  a  man's  voice,**  an  "echo 
drawn  to  Ufe,**  **  Plato's  ideas,**  some  of 
"  £picuroa*s  atoms,**  a  sample  of  **  Phi- 
lonirht*s  needlework,**  and  other  objects 
eC  virta  to  be  obtained  nowhere  else.— 
BaMaaa,  Pamtagrud,  iv.  8  (1546). 


*4*  Medamotki  is  a  compound  Greek 
word,  meaning  **  never  in  any  place.** 
So  Utopia  is  a  GrecSk  compound,  meaning 
**  no  place ;  **  KoMOt/tthair  is  a  Scotch 
compound,  meaning  **  I  know  not  where  ;** 
and  Kmmaktwhar  is  Anglo-Saxon  for  the 
same.  All  these  places  ate  in  91**  north 
lat.  and  180*  1'  west  long.,  in  the  NUtild 
Ocean. 

Medea,  a  famous  sorceress  of  Colchis, 
who  married  Jason  the  leader  of  the  Argo- 
nauts, and  aided  him  in  getting  possession 
of  the  goldtti  fleece.  After  being  married 
tea  years,  Jason  repudiated  her  for  Glaucd ; 
and  Medea,  in  revenge,  sent  the  bride  a 
poisoned  robe,  which  killed  both  Glaucd 
and  her  ftMher.  Medea  then  tore  to  pieces 
her  two  sons,  and  fled  to  Athens  in  a 
chariot  drawn  bv  dragons. 

The  storv  has  been  dramatiaed  in  Greek, 
by  Eoripld^ :  in  Latin,  by  SenCca  and 
by  Ovid ;  ia  French,  by  0>meille  (M^d^ 
1635),  Longepierre  (1095),  and  Legonve 
(1849) ;  in  English,  by  Glover  (1761). 


Mede'a  and  Absyr'tUB.  When 
Medea  fled  wkh  Jason  from  Colchis  (in 
Asia),  she  murdered  her  brother  Absyr- 
tus,  and,  cutting  the  body  into  several 
pieces,  strewed  the  fragments  about,  that 
the  father  might  be  delayed  in  picking 
them  up,  and  tnus  be  unable  to  overtake 
the  fugitives. 

MMt  Itm  lirfhBt  or  Uie  duk*  or  ToA. 
Into  M  MBogr  tPMieli  wffl  I  ou  It 
AftVfid  MedM  jroung  Aboritw  did. 

S  JFmry  r/.  act  v.  ac  S  (USIK 


MedeVs  Kettle.  Medea  the  sor- 
ceress cut  to  pieces  an  old  ram,  threw  the 
parts  into  her  caldron,  and  b^  her  incan- 
tations chained  die  old  ram  into  a  young 
lamb.  The  daughters  of  Pelias  thought 
they  would  have  tilieir  father  restored  to 
vouth,  as  JEson  had  been.  So  they 
killed  him,  and  pot  the  body  in  Medea  s 
caldron ;  but  Medea  refused  to  utter  the 
needful  incantation,  and  so  the  old  man 
was  not  restored  to  life. 


tlH  HMBfl^  BMd  Mura  On 

boUod  MMW.— W.  Oi 


OotthoolMtai^ 


kottie.aadlM 

Ir.  ntu)- 

M^edn  Mal|pr6  Iiui  (Le),  a 
comedy  b^  Moli^re  ( 1 6<i6).  The  ^*  enforced 
doctor**  IS  Sganarelle,  a  faggot-maker, 
who  is  called  in  by  G^ronte  to  cure  his 
daughter  of  dumbness.  S|^narelle  soon 
perceives  that  the  maladv  is  assumed  in 
order  to  prevent  a  hateful  marriage,  and 
introduces  her  lover  as  an  apouecary. 
The  dmnb  spirit  is  at  once  exorcised,  and 


MEDHAM. 


628 


ME6ISS06W0K. 


the  lovers  made  happy  with  "  pills  matri* 
moniac.*^ 

In  1733  Fielding  produced  a  faroe 
called  The  Mock  Doctor^  which  was  based 
on  this  comedy.  The  doctor  he  calls 
••  Gregory."  and  G^ronU  "  sir  Jasjper." 
Locinde,  the  dumb  girl,  he  calls  **  Char- 
lotte," and  Anglicizes  her  lover  L^andre 
into  "  Leander.^» 

Medham  {^^the  keen*"),  one  of 
MahomeCs  swords. 

Medicine.  So  the  alchemists  called 
the  matter  (whatever  it  might  be)  by 
which  they  performed  their  transforma- 
tions: as,  for  example,  the  "philosopher's 
stone,"  which  was  to  transmute  whatever 
it  touched  into  gold;  *'the  elixir  of 
life,"  which  was  to  renew  old  age  to 
youth. 

How  mwh  mriflta  art  thou.  Mark  Aatony  I 
Yet,  oomlng  fhmi  him.  tbat  gnat  martldno  hath 
With  hb  tlDct  gilded  Uiee. 
ShalwiMara,  Antomif  «mi  Otmpaita,  a«t  L  ao.  •  (160S). 

Medicine  {The  Father  of),  Aretceos  of 
Gappodocia  (second  and  tmrd  centuries). 

*^*  Also  Hippoc'ratte  of  Cos  (b.c. 
460-367). 

Medi'na,  the  (xolden  Mean  personi- 
fied. Step-sister  of  Elissa  {parshmmy) 
and  Perissa  {extravagance) »  The  three 
sisters  could  never  agree  on  any  subject. 
—Spenser,  FaSry  Queen^  ii.  (1690). 

Mediterranean  Sea  (The  Key  of 
the)f  the  fortress  of  Gibraltar. 

Medley  (MatthetDYf  the  factotum  of 
sir  Walter  Waring.  He  marries  Dolly, 
daughter  of  Goodman  Fairlop  the  wood- 
man.—Sir  H.  P.  Dudley,  The  Woodman 
(1771). 

Medo'ra»  the  beloved  wife  of  Conrad 
the  corsair.  When  Conrad  was  taken 
captive  by  the  pacha  Seyd,  Medora  sat 
day  after  day  expecting  his  return,  and 
feeling  the  h^irt-anguish  of  hope  deferred* 
Still  he  retunied  not,  and  Medora  died. 
In  the  mean  time,  Gulnare,  the  fitvourite 
concubine  of  Sevd|  murdered  the  pacha, 
liberated  Conrad,  and  sailed  with  him  to 
the  corsair's  isUnd  home.  When,  however. 
Conrad  found  his  wife  dead,  he  Quitted 
the  island,  and  went  no  one  knew  whither. 
The  sequel  of  the  story  forms  the  poem 
called  Zoro.— Byron,  The  Corsair  (1814). 

Medo'ro,  a  Moorish  youth  of  extra- 
ordinary beauty,  but  of  humble  race; 
page  to  Agramante.  Being  wounded, 
Angelica  dressed  his  woands,  fell  in  love 
with  him,  married  him,  and  retired  with 
him  to  Cathay,  where,  in  right  of  his 


wife,  he  became  king.  This  wan  the 
cause  of  Orlando*s  madness. — ^Ariosto, 
OrUmdo  Furioso  (1616). 

When  don  Boldan  [Orlmndeil  dbcowted  In  a  fewitolM 
proofi  of  Aaarika'i  dbhoDoand>l«  cowliMt  «1th  Mcdefvw 
It  dbtmcted  ntm  to  Mch  a  degree  that  he  tore  ep  hoge 


tieei  hjr  the  roots,  mIIM  the  porcet 
florka.  dew  liieiiheids.  flred  thdr  h«t^  poled  hwiei  to 
the  ground,  and  oonmittted  a  thoueand  other  mart  ftnioaf 
exploltii  worthjr  of  helng  noorted  In  fuM*e  nggliter. — 
Oemwtai^  Am  QittoeM.  L  W.  U  (ISOH 

Medulla  Theology,  a  contro- 
versial treatise  by  William  Ames  (1623). 

Medulla  Tbeologioa,  a  theological 
work  by  Louis  Abelli  bishop  of  Rhodes 
(1604-1691).  It  is  alluded  to  by  Boileao, 
in  the  Lutrin,  iv.  (1683). 

Medu'sa  (The  Soft),  Mary  Stoaii 
queen  of  Scots  (1642-1687). 

RIm  from  thr  bloody  grav«. 

Thou  aoft  Meduw  oTthe  "  Phtcd  line." 
Whoee  evfl  beanty  hioked  to  death  the  brmve  I 

Luffi  l^rtton.  Ods,  L  (ISSIl 

Meeta,  the  "maid  of  Mariendorpt,** 
a  true  woman  and  a  true  heroine.  She  ia 
the  daughter  of  Mahldenau,  minister  of 
Mariendorpt,  whom  she  loves  almost  to 
idolatry.  Her  betrothed  is  major  Rupert 
Roselheim.  Hearing  of  her  father^s 
captivity  at  Pra^e,  she  goes  thither  oa 
foot  to  crave  his  pardon. — S.  Knowles, 
The  Maid  of  Mariendorpt  (1838). 

Meg,  a  pretty,  bright,  dutiful  girl, 
daughter  of  Toby  Veck,  and  engaged  to 
Richard,  whom  she  marries  on  New 
Tear's  Day.— a  Dickens,  The  Chimet 
(1844). 

Meg  Dod8»  the  old  landlady  at  St. 
Ronan^  Well.— Sir  W.  Scott,  St.  Sanak's 
Weil  (Ume,  George  III.). 

Meg  MerrHies,  a  half-crasy  sibyl 
or  gipsy  woman. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Gnjf 
Mannering  (time,  George  II.). 

Meg  Murdoohson,  an  old  gips^ 
thief,  mother  of  Madge  Wildfire.--iSir 
W.  Scott,  Heart  of  Midlothian  (time, 
George  II.). 

Megid'don,  the  tutelar  ansel  of 
Simon  the  Canaanite.  This  iumoo, 
**once  a  shepherd,  was  called  by  Jesus 
from  the  field,  and  feasted  Him  in  his 
hut  with  a  lamb.**  —  Klopstock,  The 
Messiah,  iii.  (1748). 

Megingjard,  the  belt  of  Thor, 
whereby  his  strength  was  doubled. 

Megissog'won  {*^the  mat  pearl- 
feather  "),  a  magician,  and  the  Manito  of 
wealth.  It  was  Megissogwon  who  sent 
the  fiery  fever  on  man,  the  white  fog, 
and    death.     Hiawatha   slew  him,  a^ 


MEONOUK. 


HELESIQENES. 


tftoght  man  the  science  of  medicine. 
ThiB  ^leat  Pearl-Feather  gl«w  the  father 
of  Niko'mis  (the  grandmo^er  of  Hia- 
watha). Hiawatha  all  day  long  fought 
with  the  magician  without  effect ;  at  ni^t- 
fall  the  woodpecker  told  him  to  strike  at 
the  tuft  of  hair  on  the  magician^s  head, 
tlie  only  vulnerable  place ;  accordingly, 
Hiawa^  discharged  his  three  remaining 
arniwa  at  the  hair  tuft,  and  Megissogwon 
died. 


^  to  WnnitbMi 
B»  httCb  ilain  Um  giwt  PMrt-PaallMr  | 
flbdn  ibe  mlghitort  of  mtiriam 
Him  that  not  Um  timy  taver. .  .  . 
tait  ikmmt  aad  death  aiwmg  m." 

LongCaUow.  MUtmatkm,  fx.  (UBQi 

MegnonxL    (See  Mbjnouh.) 

KCeg'ra,  a  lascivious  lady  in  the 
drana  called  PhiUister  or  Lwe  Lies  a- 
Ueedmg^  by  Beaumont  and  Fletcher 
(1608). 

ICei^e,  in  Strathmore,  the  place 
where  uuincver,  Arthur's  queen,  was 
buried. 

Meiklehose  (laaac)^  one  of  the 
elders  of  Roseneath  parish. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Heart  of  Midhthum  (time,  George 

MeOdewham  (Mr.  Samtders)^  "the 
man  of  law,**  in  the  managing  committee 

of  tiM  Spa  hotel Sir    W.   Scott,    8t. 

£omm't  W^l  (time,  George  HI.). 

MeiBter  ( WOMehn),  the  hero  and  title 
of  a  novel  by  Goethe.  The  object  is  to 
show  that  man,  despite  his  errors  and 
shortcomings,  is  led  bpr  a  guiding  hand, 
and  reaches  some  higher  aim  at  last 
(1821). 

MeiBteTBiiigerB,  or  minstrel  trades- 
men of  Germany.  An  association  of 
master  tradesmen,  to  revire  the  national 
miiMtrelay,  which  had  fallen  into  decay 
with  the  decline  of  the  minnesingers  or 
love-minatrels  (1360-1623).  Their  sub- 
jects were  chiefly  moral  or  religious,  and 
eonstmcted  according  to  rigid  rules. 
The  three  chief  were  Hans  Rosenblttt 
(armorial  painter,  bora  1450),  Hana 
Fola  (sorgeon,  bora  1479),  and  Hans 
Sachs  (cobbler,  1494-1574).  The  next 
best  WOTB  Heinrich  von  Mullen,  Konrad 
Harder,  Master  Altschwert,  Master  Bar- 
thel  Regenbc^en  (the  blacksmith),  Mus- 
cabHit  (the  tailor),  and  Hans  Blotz  (the 
barber). 

Mcd'noun  and  Ijeilah  (2  tyl.), 
a  Persian  love  tale,  the  Romeo  and 
Joliet  of  Eastern  romance.  They  are  the 
beootifol,  chaste,  and  impassionate 


of  lovers;    the    models  of   what  lovers 
would  be  if  human  nature  were  perfect. 

When  he  nng  the  kivee  of  Megntan   and  LeiMi .  .  . 
tmn  InMoribljr  orerflowed  Um  cbeeka  of  bb  aodltotB.— W. 


Melan'ohates  (4  sy/.),  the  hound 
that  killed  Action,  and  waa  changed 
into  a  hart. 

MelMclMtw.  that  bernid 
Thai  uhieked  Xcteon  to  thagroaada, 
Gaae  him  bU  mortid  woood.  .  .  . 
Was  duuinfAd  to  a  baite. 
J.  Skeltoa.  PiSup  Bpttrom  (Ume.  Haniy  VIIL) 

Melantius,  a  rough,  honest  soldier, 
who  believes  every  one  is  true  till  con* 
victed  of  crime,  and  then  is  he  a  relentless 
punisher.  Melantius  and  Diphllus  are 
brothers  of  EvadnS. — Beaumont  and 
Fletcher.  The  Maid's  Tragedy  (1610). 

♦,*  The  master  scene  between  Antonr 
and  Yentidius  in  Dr>'den*8  AU  for  Love  la 
copied  from  The  Maids  Tragedy,  "  Yen- 
tidius "  is  in  the  place  of  Melantius. 

Melohior,  one  of  the  three  kings  of 
Cologne.  He  was  the  **  Wise  Man  of  the 
East^  who  offered  to  the  infant  JesuB 
gold^  the  emblem  of  royalty.  The  other 
two  were  Gaspar  and  Balthazar.  Mel- 
chior  means  *'  king  of  light." 

Metchior,  a  monk  attending  the  black 
priest  of  St.  Paul's.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Ahm 
of  Geierstem  (time,  Edward  lY.). 

Melchior  (ue.  Melchior  Pfinzing\^  a 
German  poet  who  wrote  the  Teuerdank^ 
an  epic  poem  which  has  the  kaiser  Maxi- 
milian Json  of  Frederick  III.)  for  its 
hero.  This  poem  was  the  Orlando 
Furioso  of  the  Germans. 
8at  the  poet  Malchlor,  dngliiic  kaieer  Mazbninan'i  pnln, 

Melea'ger,  son  of  Althea,  who  waa 
doomed  to  live  while  a  certain  log  re- 
mained uneonsumed.  Althaea  ke^  the 
log  for  several  years,  but  being  one  day 
angry  with  her  son,  she  cast  it  on  Uie  fire, 
where  it  was  consumed.  Her  son  died  'at 
the  same  moment. — Ovid,  Metam,^  viii.  4. 

Sir  John  Davies  uses  this  to  illustrate 
the  immortality  of  the  soul.  He  says 
that  the  life  of  the  soul  does  not  depend 
on  the  bodv  as  Meleager's  life  depended 
on  the  fatal  brand. 

Again.  If  hjr  the  bodjr*!  prop  die  ataod— 
If  OD  th«  body's  Ule  her  life  depend. 

As  Meleigtef's  on  the  Catal  bnuid ; 
The  body*!  good  she  oulr  would  Intend. 


Melesig^enes  (5  syl,).  Homer  is  to 
called  from  the  river  Mel6s  (2  «tf/.),  in 
Asia  Minor,  on  the  banks  of  whi^  lOiiM 
say  he  was  bonL 


MFIJ. 


WELnVS. 


.SoHmi  chMBis  and  Dorian  fyrtcodm. 
And  bta  who  ^ve  tham  braauh.  bat  bl|b«r  i 
Blind  MelM%en«i.  Umoo*  UonHr  odtod. 

PbMbuelMlkniMlfarhtaewB. 


KCeli  (^ftOMmm),  a  Sicilian,  bom  at 
Falenno;  immortalized  by  hb  edognes 
ftnd  idylU.  Meli  is  caUed  "  The  SicUian 
rheocntu*"  (1740-1815). 


Modi  It  piMMd  him  to  L 
Hm  KHigi  of  the  adUan 
BiMoUc  Mwci  hF  M«U  wiif. 
UngMlow.  Th«  Wapttd^  Inn  (pnlnde.  188^. 

•^AHA/ln^,  father  of  sir  Tristan ; 
prince  of  Lvonnesse,  and  one  of  the 
heroes  of  Artharian  romance. — Tristan  de 
Leonoii  (1489). 

♦*♦  Tristan,  in  the  Hiatory  of  Prino$ 
Arthur^  compiled  by  sir  T.  MaloiV  (1470), 
is  called  "Tristram;^  bnt  the  old  miime> 
singers  of  (xermanv  (twelfth  oaitory) 
called  the  name  "  Tnstan." 

Mel'ibe  (8  syL\  a  rich  yoang  man 
iparried  to  Pmdens.  One  day,  when 
MelibS  was  in  the  fields,  some  enemies 
broke  into  his  hoase,  beat  his  wife,  and 
wooaded  his  daughter  Soi>hie  in  her  feet, 
hands,  ears,  nose,  and  month.  Melib^ 
was  furious  and  vowed  vengeance,  but 
Pmdens  persuaded  him  ^to  forgive  his 
enemies,  and  to  do  good  to  those  who 
despitefull^  used  him.**  So  be  called 
together  his  enemies,  and  forgave  them, 
to  the  end  that  **God  of  His  endelea 
mercie  wole  at  the  tyme  of  oure  deyinge 
forgive  us  oure  giltes  that  we  have 
kres|>ased  to  Him  in  this  wreeched  world.*' 
—Chaucer,  Canterbury  TaUs  (1388). 

*«*  This  prose  tale  is  a  literal  trans- 
lation of  a  French  story. — See  MS,  i?e</., 
xix.  7 ;  and  MS.  £eg,,  xix.  11>  British 
Museum. 


MeHbee,  a  shef^^evd,  aB4  tiie 
poted  father  of  Pastorella.  Pastorella 
married  sir  Odidore.— Spenser,  Ibiry 
Queen,  vi.  9  (1596). 

*^  Melibee  *  is  sir  Franeis  Walsingham. 
In  the  Suins  of  Time,  Spenser  calls  him 
'« Melibee.**  &»r  Philip  Sidney  (the  ''sir 
Oslidore**  of  the  Fairy  Queen)  married 
his  daughter  Frances.  Sir  Francis  Wal- 
singham died  in  1690,  so  poor  that  he  did 
not  leave  enough  to  de&ay  his  funeral 
expenses. 

MeliboB'an  Dve,  a  rich  purple.  So 
called  because  Mdibaw  of  Thessaly  was 
famous  for  the  os^rutn,  a  fish  used  in 
dying  purple. 

A  uilltanr  vect  of  pnrpla  loitd^ 
IbcUor  than  MedboBan. 

MUkm.  PorwUm  Lett,  xL  SIS  (1688). 


KCelibcBas,  one  of  the  shepherds  id 
Eclogue,  i.  of  Viigil. 

Spenser,  in  the  Hums  of  Jhfte  (1591), 
calls  sir  Francis  Walsingham  ''  the  good 
Melibee ;  **  and  in  the  last  book  of  the 
Fagry  Queen  he  calls  him  ''  Melibee.** 

Melin'da,  cousin  of  Sylvia.  She 
loves  Worthy,  whom  she  pretends  to 
dislike,  and  coc^uets  with  him  for  twelve 
months.  Having  driven  her  modest 
lover  to  the  veige  of  distraction,  die 
relents,  and  consents  to  many  him. — G. 
Farquhar,  The  BecruUmg  O^oer  (1705). 

Mellor,  a  lovely  fury,  who  carried 
off  in  ber  magic  bark,  Partfaen'opex  of 
Blois  to  ber  secret  bland. — Parthenopex 
de  Bloi8  (a  French  romance^  twelfth 
century). 

Melisen'dra  (The  prinoess),  nakmnl 
daughter  of  Marsilio,  and  the  '^sap- 
posed  daughter  of  Cliarlemegne.**  She 
eloped  with  don  Gayferos.  The  kii^ 
Marsilio  sent  his  troops  in  pursuit  of  the 
f  agiti%'es.  Having  made  Melisendn  his 
wne,  don  Gavferos  delivered  ho*  up 
captive  to  the  Moors  at  Saragossa.  This 
was  the  story  of  the  puppet-show  of 
Master  Peter,  exhibited  to  don  Qaizote 
and  his  'squire  at  "  the  inn  bey<»d  the 
hermitage.^* — Cervantes,  Don  Qmniir,  IL 
u.  7  (1615). 

MeHssa,  a  profAetess  who  lived  in 
Meriin*s  cave.  Bradamant  nve  her  the 
enchanted  ring  to  take  to  Roge'ro ;  soi, 
vnder  the  form  of  Atlanta  she  went  to 
Alclna*s  isle,  delivered  Rc^Sro,  and  die- 
enchanted  all  the  captives  in  the  iriand. 

Ia  bk.  xix.  Melissa,  wider  the  fona  of 
Boddmoni,  ptfsuaded  A^ramaot  lo  bteak 
tiie  league  which  was  to  settle  the  eontest 
by  single  combat,  and  a  general  battle 
ensned.—ArkMito,  Orlando  Fmriomt  (1616). 

*f*  This  incident  of  bk.  xix.  is 
similar  to  that  in  Homer*s  Hiad,  iii.,  iv., 
where  Paris  and  Menelftos  agree  to  settle 
tlie  contest  by  single  combat ;  but  Minerra 
persuades  PandSroe  to  break  <te  tnuse^ 
and  a  general  battle  easnes. 

KCelita  (now  Malta).  The  point  to 
which  the  vessel  that  carried  oL  Panl 
was  driven  was  the  "Porto  de  San  Paolo,** 
and  according  to  tradition  the  cathedral 
of  Citta  Yeci^ia  stands  on  the  site  of  the 
house  of  Publius  the  Roman  governor, 
St.  Paul's  grotto,  a  cave  in  the  vicinity, 
is  so  named  in  honour  of  the  groU 
apostle. 

Meli'tUB,  a  gentleman  of  Cyprus,  in 


MBUZTUS. 


SSI 


HELTIL. 


tJie  diams  adled  The  Laws  of  Candy,  by 
Beaumont  uid  Fletcher  (1647). 

ICelisyus,  king  of  Thessaly,  in  the 
golden  era  of  Satnm.  He  was  the  first 
to  tame  horses  for  the  use  of  man. 

In  wbow  time  reigned  abo  In  "niMiiyle  (t  tifL), 
A  parte  otQnc9,  the  kvug  Meliijiu, 

That  «M  right  itronK  and  fierce  In  IwtlaUa ; 
Bv  wlioee  Uboare,  m  the  stonre  aheweth  a. 

He  brake  first  horaei.  wBde  and  rigoroos. 

Teaching  hli  men  on  them  right  wel  to  ryde ; 

And  iMhimielfe did  fint  thabocM  btatilde. 
Btephco  Hawee,  Tkt  Patu-tgm*  ^  PUmux,  L  (1519). 

MeltM'yua  (Kmtf)  held  his  eourt  in  the 

Tower  of  Chivalry,  and  there  knighted 

Grannde  Amoure,  after  giving  him  the 

f oUowisg  advice : — 

And  fcit  e*od  JTepe  bl«  legga  htney  iboyM  be; 

Bk  taabamkMi.  of  Ptrftet  Rn^Uomam, 

Glnl  flnt  vlth  the  glntle  of  ChaitUU: 

Hli  fkh  placarde  riMuM  be  food  bushes 

Brodred  vlth  Atnu  .  .  . 

The  hdmet  Mttemta,  and  the  thelde  (food  Aijree&, 

Bh  eMTde  OadTt  Word,  a*  St.  Paule  mjretfa. 

Havei.  TkeFm»M  tgmt  ^  FimmiKe,  ucrilL  (ULIK 


Mell  {Mr,),  the  poor,  down-4rodden 
seeond  master  at  Salem  House,  tho  school 
af  Mr.  Creakles.  Mr*  Mell  played  the 
flute.  His  mother  lived  in  an  almshouse, 
and  Steerforth  used  to  taunt  Mell  with 
this  **  degradation,"  and  indeed  caused 
him  to  be  discharged.  Mell  emigrated 
to  Austmlia,  and  succeeded  well  m  the 
new  country.— C.  Dickens,  Doujid  Copper^ 
/W(l(lB4d). 

Melle'font  (2  syl,),  in  love  with 
Cynthia  daughter  of  sir  Paul  Pliant. 
His  aunt,  lady  Toudiwood,  had  a  criminal 
fondness  for  him,  and  because  he  re- 
pelled her  advances  she  vowed  his  ruin. 
After  passing  several  hair-breadth  escapes 
from  we  "double  dealing*^  of  his  aunt 
and  bis  "friend**  Mask  well,  he  succeeded 
in  winning  and  marrying  the  lady  of  his 
attachment. — W.  Congreve,  TliC  Double 
Deai^  (1700). 

MellifLuous  Doctor  (The),  St. 
Bernard,  whose  writings  were  called  "  a 
river  of  paradise  "  11091-1153). 

IdCelnotte  (Oaude),  a  gardener's  son, 
in  love  with  Pauline  "wic  Beauty  of 
Lyons,**  but  treated  by  her  with  contempt. 
Ikauseant  and  Glavis,  two  other  rejected 
suitors,  conspired  with  him  to  humble 
the  proud  fair  one.  To  this  end,  Claude 
assumed  to  be  the  prince  of  O>mo,  and 
Pauline  married  him,  but  was  indignant 
when  she  discovered  how  she  had  been 
duped.  Claude  left  her  to  join  the  French 
army,  and,  under  the  name  of  Morier, 
rosc'in  two  years  and  a  half  to  the  rank 
of  colond.  He  then  returned  to  Lyons, 
and  found  his  father-in-law  on  the  eve 


of  bankruptcy,  and  Pauline  about  to  be 
sold  to  Bcauseant  to  pay  the  creditors. 
Claude  paid  the  money  required,  and 
claimed  Pauline  as  his  loving  and  tnithful 
wife. — Lord  L.  B.  Lytton,  Lady  of  Lyons 
(1888). 

Melo  (Juan  de),  bom  at  Oistile  in  the 
fifteenth  century.  A  dispute  having 
arisen  at  Esalo'na  upon  the  question 
whether  Achillas  or  Hector  were  the 
braver  warrior,  the  marc]ui8  de  Ville'na 
called  out,  "  Let  us  see  if  the  advocates 
of  Aching  can  fight  as  well  as  prate.*' 
At  the  word,  there  appeared  in  the 
assembly  a  gigantic  fire-breathing  mon* 
ster,  which  repeated  the  same  challenge. 
Every  one  shrank  back  except  Juan  de 
Melo,  who  drew  his  sword  and  placed 
himself  before  king  Juan  II.  to  protect 
him,  "tide  life,  tide  death.*'  The  king 
appointed  him  alcaydd  of  Alcala  la  Real, 
in  Grana'da,  for  his  loyalty. — CkronioU 
de  Don  Alvaro  de  ZuMck 

MelroBO  (Violet),  an  heiress,  who 
marries  Charles  Middlewick.  lliis  was 
against  the  consent  of  his  father,  because 
Violet  had  the  bad  taste  to  snub  the 
retired  tradesman,  and  considered  vul- 
garity as  the  "  unpardonable  sin." 

Mary  Meirose,  Violet's  cousin,  but  with- 
out a  penny.  She  marries  Talbot  Champ- 
neys ;  but  his  father,  sir  GeofFry,  wanted 
him  to  marrv  Violet  the  heiress. — H.  J. 
Byron,  Otw  lioye  (a  comedy,  1875). 

IdCelusi'iia,  the  most  f^^mous  of  the 
f^es  of  France.  Having  enclosed  her 
&ther  in  a  mountain  for  offending  her 
mother,  she  was  condemned  to  become 
a  serpent  every  Saturday.  When  she 
married  the  count  of  Lusignan,  she  made 
her  husband  vow  never  to  visit  her  on 
tiiat  dav,  but  the  jealousy  of  the  count 
made  him  break  his  vow.  Melusina  was, 
in  consequence,  obliged  to  leave  her 
mortal  husband,  and  roam  about  the 
world  as  a  ghost  till  the  day  of  doom. 
Some  say  the  count  immured  her  in  the 
dungeon  wall  of  his  castle. — J^n  dArraa 
(fourteenth  century). 

♦^*  The  cry  of  despair  given  by  the/rtr 
when  she  discovered  tne  indiscreet  visit  of 
her  husband,  is  the  origin  of  the  phrase, 
Un  cri  de  M^lueine  ("A  shriek  of  de- 
spair '*). 

MelvU  (Sir  John),  a  young  baronet, 
engaged  to  oe  married  to  Miss  Sterling, 
the  elder  daughter  of  a  C^tv  merchant, 
who  promines  to  settle  on  her  £80,000. 


MELVILLE. 


682 


MENALCAS. 


A  little  before  the  uuurimgef  sir  John 
finds  that  he  has  no  re^pird  for  Miss 
Sterlini^,  bat  a  great  love  for  her  yoonger 
sister  Fanny,  to  whom  he  makes  a  pro- 
posal of  marriage.  His  proposal  is  re- 
jected ;  and  it  is  soon  brouj^ht  to  light 
that  Miss  Fanny  has  been  cUuidestinely 
married  to  Lorewell  for  four  months. — 
Colman  and  Garrick,  Tfte  Clandestine 
Marriage  (1766). 

Melville  (Jfo/or),  a  mafisbate  at 
Caimrreckan  Tillage.  —  Sir  W.  Scott, 
Wacerley  (time,  George  II.). 

Melville  {Sir  Bobert),  one  of  the  em- 
bassy from  the  privy  conncil  to  Mary 
aueen  of  Scots.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Abbot 
(time,  FJizabeth). 

Melvillef  the  father  of  Constantia. — C. 
MackUn,  The  Man  of  the  World  (1764). 

Melville  (Jviia)^  a  truly  noble  girl,  in 
lore  with  FanlkUnd,  who  is  always 
jealous  of  her  without  a  shadow  of  cause. 
She  receives  his  innuendos  witiiout  resent- 
ment, and  treats  him  with  sincerity  and 
forbearance  (see  act  L  2).— Sheridan, 
The  Rioala  (Vllb). 

Melyhalt  {The  lady),  a  powerful 
subject  of  king  Arthur,  whose  domains 
sir  Oaliot  invaded;  notwithstanding 
which  the  lady  chose  sir  Qallot  as  her 
fancy  knight  and  chevalier. 

Memnon,  king  of  the  Ethiopians. 
He  went  to  the  assistance  of  his  uncle 
Priam,  and  was  skin  bv  Achilles.  His 
mother  Eos,  inconsolable  at  his  death, 
weeps  for  him  every  morning,  and  her 
tears  constitute  what  we  call  dew. 

Memnon,  the  black  statue  of  kingAnien'- 
ophis  HI.  at  Thebes,  in  Egypt,  which, 
being  struck  with  the  rays  of  the  morning 
sun,  gives  out  musical  sounds.  Kircher 
says  these  sounds  are  due  to  a  sort  of 
clavecin  or  iEolian  harp  enclosed  in  the 
statue,  the  cords  of  which  are  acted  upon 
by  the  warmth  of  the  sun.  Cambyses, 
resolved  to  learn  the  secret,  cleft  the 
statue  from  head  to  waist ;  but  it  con- 
tinued to  utter  its  morning  melody  not- 
withstanding. 

. . .  old  MfloiDoa'i  luMfe,  Ions  rmovMd 
nr  (abltng  NUus ;  to  the  quivering  tooofa 
or  Titan's  my,  with  tach  repaUv*  ftrinf 
Coniratlng.  wundod  Uiro'  tJbm  wbUi«  air 
Uubkkl«n  Mrmira. 
AkMwUe.  PImturmof  ImaginatUm,  X,  (1744). 

Mem'nony  **  the  mad  lover,'*  general  of 
As'torax  king  of  Paphos. — Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  The  Mad  Lover  (1617). 

Mtm'nont  the  title  of  a  novel  by  Vol- 


taire, the  object  of  which  is  to  show  the 
folly  of  aspiring  to  too  modi  wisdom. 

lleinnon'B  Bister,  He'meia,  men- 
tioned  by  Dictys  CretensLs. 

Bbck.  boC  ncli  M  la  «tM« 
rriaoe  M— aoa'i  rfrtrr  m%lit 


lllltaii./<^. 


Memorable  ( The  Ever-),  John  Hales 
of  Eton  (1584-1666). 

Memory.  The  persons  most  noted 
for  their  memory  are : 

Magliabechi  of  Florence,  called  *<The 
Universal  Index  and  Living  (^dopssdia** 
(1633-1714). 

P.  J.  Beronidus,  the  Greek  and  Latin 
improvisator,  who  knew  by  heart  Horace, 
Virgil,  Cicero,  Juvenal,  both  the  Plinys, 
Homer,  and  Aristophio^  He  died  at 
Middleburgh,  in  1676. 

Andrew  Fuller,  after  hearing  500  lines 
twice,  coold  repMt  them  without  a  mis- 
take. He  could  also  repeat  verbatim  a 
sermon  or  speech ;  eoold  tell  either  back- 
wards or  forwards  every  shop  sign  from 
the  Temple  to  the  extreme  end  of  Cheap- 
side,  and  the  articles  displayed  in  each  of 
the  shops. 

^* Memory**  Woodfall  could  carry  in 
his  head  a  debate,  and  repeat  it  a  fort- 
night afterwards. 

** Memory**  Thompson  could  repeat 
the  names,  trades,  and  particulars  of 
every  shop  from  Lndgate  Hill  to  Picca- 

William  Radcliif,  the  husband  of  the 
novdist,  could  repott  a  debate  the  next 
morning. 

Memory  {  The  Bard  of)y  Samuel  Rogers, 
author  of  the  Pleasures  of  Memory  (1762- 
1855). 

Men  are  but  CHiildren  of  a 
Larger  Growth.— Dryden,  Ali  for 
Lovet  eto.y  iv.  1  (1678). 

Men  of  Preeter  John's  Oonntry. 

Prester  John,  in  his  letter  to  Manud  Coro- 
nCnus,  says  his  land  is  the  home  of  men 
with  horns ;  of  one-eyed  men  (the  eye 
being  in  some  cases  beifore  the  head,  and 
in  some  cases  behind  it)  ;  of  giants  forty 
dls  in  height  {i,e.  120  feet);  of  the 
phcenix,  etc.  ^  and  of  ghouls  who  feed  on 
premature  children.  He  ^ves  the  namea 
of  fifteen  different  tnbutary  states, 
amongst  which  are  those  of  Ciog  and 
Magog  ^now  bhut  in  behind  lofty  moun- 
tains) ;  out  at  the  end  of  the  world  these 
fifteen  states  will  overrun  the  whole  earth. 

Menalcas,  any  shedierd  or  mstio. 
The  name  occurs  in  the  Idylls  of  Theoe'- 


HEKGIA  OP  MOSQUERA. 


688 


HEPHI3T0PHELES. 


litOA,  the   Eelogves  of  Virgil,  and  the 
Shephoardet  CaUmdar  of  Speoser. 

KCen'oia  of  KCosquera  {Donna) 
m&rried  don  Alvaro  de  Mello.  A  few 
days  after  the  marriage,  Alvaro  hap- 
pened to  qaarrel  with  don  An'drea  de 
Baeaa  and  kill  him.  He  was  obliged  to 
flee  from  Spain,  leaving  bis  bride  bdiind, 
and  his  prooerty  was  confiscated,  ("or 
■even  years  sne  received  no  intelligence  of 
his  whereabouts  (for  he  was  a  slave  most  of 
the  time),  but  when  seven  years  had  elapsed 
the  icpf>rt  of  his  death  in  Fez  reached 
her.  The  yonng  widow  now  married  the 
marquis  of  Gnanlia,  who  lived  in  a  grand 
castle  near  Burgos,  but  walking  in  the 
grounds  one  morning  die  was  struck  with 
the  earnestness  wiu  which  one  of  the 
nnder-gaideners  looked  at  her.  This  man 
proved  to  be  her  first  husband  don  Alvaro, 
with  whom  she  now  fied  from  the  castle ; 
but  on  the  road  a  gang  of  robbers  fell 
npoB  them.  Alvaro  was  killed,  and  the 
lady  taken  to  the  robbers*  cave,  where 
Gil  Bias  saw  her  and  heard  her  sad  tale. 
The  lady  was  soon  released,  and  sent  to 
the  castle  of  the  marquis  of  Guardia. 
She  found  the  marquis  dying  from  grief, 
and  indeed  he  died  the  day  following, 
and  Mencia  retired  to  a  convent. — Lesage, 
GU  Bias,  i.  11-U  (1716). 

Xendo'sa,  a  Jew  prue-fi^ter,  who 
held  the  belt  at  the  close  of  the  last 
ceatary,  and  in  1791  opened  the  Lyceum 
in  the  Strand,  to  teach  *'  the  noble  art  of 
self-defence.'* 


■«•  thalt  tiie  feDov  OiU  •boMl  you  fach  • 
ia  ilM  flfdi  bottoii.  that  ma  friend  Manduca 

IkcM  !■  •  priat  oltmwmm  tm  oU  pletnra  Aopa.  of 
BwnpltragFi  and  MtDdoM  tfttniag,  mm  a  quaar  anKiilar 
ttMKlHowitla,  WlMitUiatb  to  Ute  modern  art  of  boxing. 
<|iicra  atyle  af  aetfag  vm  to  Dwton'k.— ifoeomb  ^  • 


Mendoxa    (/moc),    a   rich   Jew,  who 

thinks  himself  monstrously  wise,  but  is 

duped  by  everv  one.     (See  under  Ibaao.) 

—Sheridan,  l%g  Duenna  (1776). 

KMri»len797-lSM)aiMadMlaMd  toplqr  **Hae- 

i"  [BtMm's  Optr^  byGa/La^artaboitt  at  mocb 

ItoktoM^laMC  Mendoia."    It  is  autarioas  that 

ka  Mfibted  la  plvjlnc  "Chariai  8arftM9a"ln  Uw  AoMW 

^SBsafafiahtridBBitmwiaiawagiaMtohini.    "Mr. 

joa  hava  ollaa  givvn  oi  'CaarWa  martjTtkMU,* 

~  «•  ba?e  hli  mtoatioiit''— W.  .a  RiMaU, 

'  ilOTO^St  9vSa 


ICenech'mians.  persons  exactly 
like  each  other,  as  tne  brothers  Dromio. 
So  called  from  the  Menoechmi  of  Plautua. 

Menoc'rates  (4  syl,),  a  physician  of 
SyracoTC.  of  unbounded  vanity  and  arro- 
gance.   He  assumed  to  himself  the  title 


of  Jupiter,  and  in  a  letter  to  Philip  king 
of  Macedon  benui  thus :  **  Menecrat^ 
Jupiter  to  king  Philip  greeting.*'  Being 
asked  by  PhiUp  to  a  bsnque^  the  phy- 
sician was  served  only  with  frankincense, 
like  the  gods;  but  Menecrat^  was  greatly 
offended,  and  hurried  home. 

Sodi  «M  ManacmUi  ofUttla  worth. 
Who  Jota.  tha  airioar.  to  ha  eaOed  iwaainnd, 
To  wham  of  laoenM  PhlMp  nuMla  afbaat. 
And  mva  prlda,  aoom.  and  buiigar  to  dlgait. 
Lord  Bnioka.  InqmUtloH  ««mt  /tatM.  etc  (UM-ISM). 

Mene'via,  St.  David's,  in  Wales.  A 
corruption  of  Senemencw,  its  old  British 
name. 

Menffs  (John),  the  surly  innkeeper  at 
Kirchhoff  village.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Anne 
of  Geierstem  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Menil>pee  {Satyre),  a  famous 
political  satire,  written  during  the  time 
of  what  is  called  in  French  histo][y  the 
Holy  Lea^e,  the  objects  of  which  were 
to  exterminate  the  huguenots,  to  confine 
the  king  (Henri  III.)  in  a  monasteiy, 
and  to  crown  the  due  de  Guise.  The 
satire  is  partly  in  verse,  and  partly  in 
prose,  and  its  object  is  to  expose  the 
perfidious  intentions  of  Philip  of  Spain 
and  the  culpable  ambition  of  the  Guises. 

It  is  divided  into  two  parts,  the  first  of 
which  is  entitled  Catholicon  d'Eapagne, 
by  Pierre  Leroy  (1593),  exposing  those 
who  had  been  corrupted  by  the  gold  of 
Spain  ;  the  second  part  is  entitled  Abr€q€ 
de*  EtaU  de  la  Ligue,  by  Gillot,  Pitheu, 
Rapin,  and  Passerat,  published  1594. 

*«*  Menippus  was  a  cynic  philosopher 
and  poet  of  Gadara,  in  Phoenicia,  who 
wrote  twelve  books  of  satires  in  prose 
and  verse. 

Yarro  wrote  in  Latin  a  work  called 
77te  Satires  of  Menippus  {Satyra  Menip' 
pea), 

Mennibojoti,  a  North  American 
Indian  deity. 

Menteith  ( 27ie  earl  of)^  a  kinsman 
of  the  earl  of  Montrose.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Legend  of  M^mtrose  (time,  Charles  I.). 

Mentor,  a  wise  and  faithful  adviser 
or  guide.  So  called  from  Mentor,  a 
friend  of  Ulysses,  whose  form  Minerva 
assumed  when  she  accompanied  Tcle- 
machos  in  his  search  for  his  father.— 
F^elon,  mtTmaque  (1700). 

Mephistoph'eles  (6  sy/.),  the 
sneering,  jeering,  leering  attendant 
demon  of  Faust  in  Goethe's  drama  of 
Faustf  and  Gounod's  opera  of  the,  same 
name.    Marlowe  calls  the  name  * '  Mephc  s- 


MEPHOSTOPHIUS. 


6M 


MERCUnO  OP  ACTORS. 


tophUU*'  inhiBdnwM  entttkdiV.  FixutituB. 
Sb*ke»pc«e,  in  his  Merry  Wii^es  of  Wind- 
tor^  writes  the  wune  **  Mepboslophilos ;  *' 
and  in  the  opera  he  is  called  *'  Mefistofelc*' 
(6  $yl, ).  In  the  old  demooologj,  Mephis- 
tophel£«  was  one  of  the  seren  chief 
devils,  and  second  of  tiie  fallen  arch- 
angels. 

Mephofltophilifl^  the  attendant 
denM>n  of  FaustoSf  in  lfarlowe*s  tragedy 
of  Dr,  Fausttu  (1689). 

TbOTv  k  Ml  awfal  oMfauicfaoly  about  MmIowv'i  **  M«- 
plMMCofMlli,*  pOTlwps  mow  npfCHlv^  thMi  Mm  nMH^ 
nant  mlrtb  of  that  Send  Ui  tho  noowned  work  oCOnAfc 
—Halbun. 

Mephostophilns,  the  spirit  or 
fismiliar  of  sir  John  Fanstus  or  [Dr.] 
John  Faust  (Shakespeare,  Merry  Wtves  of 
Wind$or,  1596).  Sobseqaently  it  became 
a  term  of  reproach,  about  cqaal  ta  **  knp 
«f  the  devil. 


t> 


KCeroer  (Jfoior),  at  the  presidency  of 
Madras.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Surgeoa't 
Lauijhter  (time,  (xeorge  II.). 

KCerehant  of  Venice  (TV),  An- 
tiionio,  who  borrowed  3000  ducats  for 
three  months  of  Shvloek  a  Jew.  The 
money  was  borrowed  to  lend  to  a  friend 
named  Bassanio,  and  the  Jew,  "  in  merry 
sport,"  instead  of  interest,  afcreed  to  lend 
the  mcmey  on  these  conditions :  If  An- 
thonio  paid  it  within  three  months,  he 
should  pay  only  the  principal ;  if  lie  did 
not  pay  it  back  within  uiat  time,  the 
merchant  should  forfeit  a  pound  of  bis 
own  flesh,  from  any  part  of  his  body  the 
Jew  might  choose  to  cut  it  off.  As 
Anthonio*s  ships  were  delayed  by  con- 
trary winds,  he  could  not  pay  the  ntoney, 
and  the  Jew  demanded  the  forfeiture. 
On  the  trial  which  ensued,  Portia,  in  Uie 
dress  of  a  law  doctor,  conducted  the  case, 
and  when  the  Jew  was  going  to  take  the 
forfeiture,  stopped  him  by  saying  that  the 
bond  stated  "a  pound  of  flesh,"  and  that 
therefore  he  was  to  shed  no  drop  of  blood, 
and  he  must  cut  neither  more  nor  less 
than  an  exact  poond,  on  forfeit  of  his 
life.  As  these  conditions  were  practically 
impossible,  the  Jew  was  nonsuited  and 
fined  for  seeking  the  life  of  a  citizen. — 
Shakespeare,  Merchant  of  Venice  (1598). 

The  story  is  in  the  Gesta  JRomanorwnj 
the  talc  of  the  bond  being  ch.  xlviii.,  and 
that  of  the  caskets  ch.  xcix. ;  but  Shake- 
speare took  his  plot  from  a  Florentine 
novelette  called  //  Peoorone^  written  in 
the  fourteenth  century,  but  not  published 
till  the  sixteenth. 

Then  is  a  ballad  on  the  subject,  the 


date  of  which  has  not  been  determined. 
The  bargain  rans  thus : 

**  N  o  pMmjr  for  tteloMi  of  It. 

For  one  jmr  ^tmU  yaa  pMf— ' 
Ton  Biajr  <!•■«•  awd  tmu 

Bofbrv  mg  4>lng  day  ; 
Bat  ««  vfli  hiiv»  •  mcrrjr  Joi^ 

Fortob«tdkMloi«: 
Yoa  aball  nuke  mo  •  kuBrd.*  qaott  h^ 

"That  dian  bo  lanpv  or  jtroag.* 

KCerohant's  Tale  ( The),  in  Chaucer, 
is  substantially  the  same  as  the  first  Latin 
metrical  tale  of  Adolphus,  and  is  not 
unlike  a  Latin  prose  tale  given  in  the 
appendix  of  T.  Wright's  edition  of 
^sop's  fables.    The  tale  is  this : 

A  girl  named  May  married  January,  an 
old  Lombard  baron  60  ye^n  of  age,  but 
entertained  the  love  of  Damyan,  a  young 
squire.  She  was  detected  in  familiar 
intercourse  with  Damyan,  but  persuaded 
her  husband  that  his  eves  had  deceived 
him,  and  he  believed  her, — Chancer, 
Canterbury  Tale*  (l<i88). 

Meroian  Iawb.    (See  Mabtiaji.) 

Mercilla»  a  "  maiden  queen  of  great 
power  and  majesty,  famous  through  all 
the  world,  and  honoured  far  and  nigh.** 
Uer  kingdom  was  disturbed  by  a  soldan, 
her  iMwerful  neighbour,  stirred  up  by 
his  wife  AdicTa.  The  **  maiden  oueen^ 
is  Elizabeth;  the  "soldan,**  Philip  of 
Spain;  and  "Adicia"  b  injustice,  pre- 
sumption, or  the  bigotry  of  popery. — 
Spenser,  Faery  Qmen,  t.  (1596). 

Merettrial  Finger  (The),  the  little 
finger. 

Tho  thianb.  In  dilroman^.  ve  give  TeniM ; 
TbofawiMffrloJono;  tliomUbt  totetam; 
)rimto8ol:  tho  I— t  to  Mm— J. 


KCereutio,  kinaman  el  prince  Ea- 
calns,  and  Romeo's  friend.  An  airy, 
sprightly,  elegant  young  nobleman,  ao 
full  of  wit  and  fancy  that  Dr^'den  says 
Shakespeare  was  obuged  to  kill  hin  in 
the  thira  act,  lest  the  poet  himself  should 
have  been  killed  by  Mercutio.- 
speare,  Romeo  and  Juliet  (1598). 


•*■  wit.  S>l*t7.  •■4  furtft  vll  ■!— ji 
klmfHoiutotlMtwklilibMalonewUii:  te»  kfa 
■otpwoi»ttoilod— bo  hM  Uvo4oM  tW  ttakt 
Um  rouotnictkia  of  Um  pliv.— Dr.  ' 


Tho  Bght  and  foncffid  hwioar  o#  Mcraiao 
OBhanM   and  UlaftnUo  tbo  iMDHrtte 
cbaffactorof  Bonwo.— Sir  W.  Scott.  Tkt 

WilUam  L0vk(174B-18ll]«Mtbo  "  ll«ctiitla''of  Uici«a. 
ki  rmrj  miuo  of  Mm  vonl  inori  oifal  BJt  aiiy.  btoaAkoi 
TDtoe,  thrown  to  tbo  audienco  boforo  bo  appoarod.  waa 
tho  idgnal  of  bto  wlnftd  aniiaal  splriti :  and  wboa  bo 


•  tfhaoo  of  Wo  iqro.  or 
anotbora  ritM.  it  waa  tbt  very  ymn 
MH  and  iMHirado.— Lrigh  HMit.  t%*  Tmmm  {\ 


anotbora  ritM.  it  waa  tbt  very  }mnetum  aniirma  uf  play1ul> 


MerouUoof  Aotors  (The),  WiUiam 
Lewis  (1748-1811). 


MERCY. 


6S5 


HERUK. 


Mk-.tMrfadlipl^vdlmacdBg  a  eambliMllmi  tu^  to 
be  round— that  of  the  fop  mod  the  reai  faatleflian.  with 
■  volet,  •  nuiniMr.  and  a  penon.  all  equaHy  graceftil  and 
•Iry,  and  (eatarts  at  one*  whiouical  and  gented.  he 
pla7«d  oathe  topofbla  prolBMioa  Hke  a  pltnie.— Leigh 
■wM,  rh«  ffVMm  (I84S]l 

Mercy,  a  young  pilgrim,  who  ae- 
eompanied  Chmtiona  in  her  walk  to  Zion. 
When  Mercy  got  to  the  Wicket  Gate,  ahe 
swooned  from  fear  of  being  zefnsed  ad- 
mittance. Mr.  Brisk  proposed  to  her, 
but  being  told  that  she  was  poor,  left 
her,  and  she  was  afterwards  married  to 
Matthew,  the  eldest  son  of  Christian. — 
Bunyan,  PUgrinCs  Progress,  ii.  (1684). 

KCerdle  (iTr.),  banker,  a  skit  on  the 
directors  of  the  Royal  British  Bank,  and 
on  Mr.  Hudson  "the  railway  king."  Mr, 
Merdle,  of  Harley  Street,  was  called 
the  "Master  Mind  of  the  Age.*'  He 
became  insolvent,  and  committed  suicide. 
Mr.  Merdle  was  a  heavily  made  man, 
with  an  obtuse  heacL  and  coarse,  mean, 
eomroon  features.  His  chief  butler  said 
€d.  him,  "  Mr.  Merdle  never  ivas  a  gentle- 
man, and  no  ungentlemanl/  act  on  Mr. 
Merdle's  part  would  surprise  me."  The 
great  banker  was  **  the  greatest  forger 
and  greatest  thief  that  ever  cheated  the 
gallows." 


ImA  Itmimm  [Bmnuul*]  bamn  ««Hnf  Mr.  Menlla 
•boat  ...  as  Cigantlc  Enterprbe.  Thu  Wealth  of  Kns- 
kod.  Credit,  (kpital.  Protperl^.  and  all  manner  oT 
Maariass.— Bk.  U.  M. 

Mrs,  Merdle^  wife  of  the  bank  swindler. 
After  the  death  of  her  husband,  society 
decreed  that  Mra.  Merdle  should  still  be 
admitted  among  the  sacred  few  ;  so  Mrs. 
Merdle  was  still  received  and  patted  on 
the  bock  by  the  upper  ten. — C.  Dickens, 
LUtU  Dorr  it  (1857). 

Meredith  (Mr.),  one  of  the  con- 
spirators with  Iied|^nnt]et.  —  Sir  W, 
Scott,  Redgauntlet  (time,  George  111.). 

Meredith  {Mr,  Michael),  "the  man  of 
mirth,"  in  the  managing  committee  of  the 
Spa  hoteL— Sir  W.  Scott,  St,  Bonan's 
Well  (time,  George  HI.). 

Meredith  (Sir),  a  Welsh  knight—Sir 
W.  Scott,  Castie  Dangerous  (time,  Heniy 
1.). 

Meredith  (Oven),  pseudonym  of  the 
Hon.  Edward  Robert  Bulwer  Lytton 
(lord  Lytton),  author  of  The  Wanderer 
n869),  etc.  This  son  of  lord  Bulwer 
Lytton,  poet  and  novelist,  succeeded  to 
the  peerage  in  1873. 

Me'rida  (Marchioness),  betrothed  to 
count  Valantia.— Mrs.  lucbbald,  Chiid  of 
Nature, 


Meridarpax,  the  pride  of  raiee. 

Now  noMr  towerfnf  o'er  the  tmtt,  appaan 
A  pliant  itriooe  that  far  truMcend*  mtjamn 
Prfcle  of  hit  aire,  and  glonr  of  hie  house. 
And  more  a  Btan  in  combat  than  a  mouN  i 
His  action  boM.  robust  his  ample  frames 
And  Merldarpaz  his  resoandiiig  name. 

Pamell.  Tk*  BaUfa  of  tht  From  and 
Mtet,  UL  (about  171S). 

Merid'ies  or  "  Noonday  Sun,"  one  of 
the  four  brothers  who  kept  the  passages 
of  Castle  Perilous.  So  Tennyson  has 
named  him ;  but  in  the  History  of  Prince 
Arthur,  he  is  called  "sir  Perm5n^,  the 
Red  Knight."— Tennyson.  /rfy//»(**Gareth 
and  Lynette ")  ;  sir  T.  Malory,  History 
of  Prince  Arthur,  i.  129  (1470). 

Merlin  (Ambrose),  prince  of  enchan- 
ters. His  mother  was  Matilda,  a  nun, 
who  was  seduced  by  a  "  guileful  sprite  " 
or  incubus,  "half  angel  and  half  man, 
dwelling  in  mid-air  betwixt  the  earth 
and  moon."  Some  say  his  mother  was 
the  daughter  of  Pubidius  lord  of  Math- 
traval,  in  Wales ;  and  others  make  her  a 
princess,  daughter  of  Demetius  king  of 
Demet'ia.  Blaise  baptized  the  inumt, 
and  thus  rescued  it  from  ^e  powers  of 
darkness. 

Merlin  died  spell-bound,  but  the  author 
and  manner  of  his  death  are  given 
differently  by  different  authorities.  Thus, 
in  the  History  of  Prince  Arthur  (sir  T. 
Malory,  1470),  we  are  told  that  the  en- 
ohantress  Nimue  or  Ninive  enveigled  the 
old  man,  and  "  covered  him  with  a  stone 
under  a  rock."  In  the  Morte  d* Arthur  it 
is  said  "  he  sleeps  and  sighs  in  an  old 
tree,  spell-bound  by  Vivien."  Tennyson, 
in  his  Idylls  ("Vivien"),  says  that 
Vivien  induced  Merlin  to  take  shelter 
from  a  storm  in  a  hollow  oak  tree,  and 
left  him  spell-bound.  Others  say  he  was 
spell-bound  in  a  hawthorn  bush,  but  this 
is  evidently  a  blunder.  (See  Msutjx 
THK  Wild.) 

%*  Merlin  made  "the  fountain  of 
love,"  mentioned  by  Bojardo  in  OrUmdo 
Innamorato,  1.  8. 

Ariosto,  in  Orlando  Furioso,  says  he 
made  "  one  of  the  four  fountains  '^  (ch. 
xxvi.). 

He  also  made  the  Round  Table  at  Car- 
duel  for  150  knights,  which  came  into 
the  possession  of  king  Arthur  on  his 
marriage  with  queen  Guinever ;  and 
brought  from  Ireland  the  stones  of 
Stonehenge  on  Salisbury  Plain. 

Alliisiun  is  made  to  him  in  the  Fafri/ 
Queen ;  in  Ellis's  Specimens  of  Earitt 
En-jUsh  Metrical  Romances ;  in  Dray  ten's 
Polyolbion;   in  Kenitworth,  by    sir    W. 


MERUN. 


686 


MERVINIA. 


Soott.  etc  T.  Hejnrood  has  attempted 
to  snow  the  fulfliment  of  MerWs 
prof^ecies. 

or  MwUn  and  hli  tUn  what  rackm  doth  not  hctfT  .  .  . 
Wbu  of  •  Britidi  injinph  wm  fiHteii.  whilit  ihe  plifcd 
With  a  reducing  ipilts  .  .  . 
Botall  DeoMfia  thro'  th«t«  was  not  found  her  peer. 

Drayton.  Pofjro/Mom  v.  (ICIS). 

Merlm  (The  English),  W.  UUy,  the 
astrologer,  who  assumed  the  fiom  dc  plume 
of  **MeraiDU8  Angllcus**  (1602-1681). 

Merlin  the  Wild*  a  native  of  Cale> 
donia,  who  lived  in  the  sixteenth  century, 
about  a  century  after  the  great  Ambrose 
Merlin  the  sorcerer.  Fordun,  in  his 
Scotichronkon,  gives  particulars  about 
him.  It  was  predicted  that  he  would  die 
b^  earth,  wood,  and  water,  which  pre- 
diction was  fulfilled  thus:  A  mob  of 
rustics  hounded  him,  and  he  jumped  from 
a  rock  into  the  Tweed,  and  was  impaled 
on  a  stake  fixed  in  the  river  bed.  His 
grave  is  still  shown  beneath  an  aged 
hawthorn  bush  at  Drummehtier,  a  village 
on  the  Tweed. 

Merlin's  Gave»  in  Dynevor,  near 
Carmarthen,  noted  for  its  ghastly  noises 
of  rattling  iron  chains,  brazen  caldrons, 
groans^  strokes  of  hammers,  and  ringing 
of  anvils.  The  cause  is  this :  Merlin  set 
his  spirits  to  fabricate  a  brazen  wall  to 
encompass  the  city  of  Carmarthen,  and, 
as  he  had  to  call  on  the  Ljtdy  of  the  Lake, 
bade  them  not  slacken  their  labour  till  he 
returned ;  but  he  never  did  return,  for 
Vivian  by  craft  got  him  under  the  en- 
chanted stone,  and  kept  him  there. 
Tennyson  says  he  was  spell-bound  by 
Vivien  in  a  hollow  oak  tree,  but  the 
Hiidory  of  Prince  Arthur  (sir  T.  Malory) 
gives  the  other  version. — iipenser,  Faery 
Queen,  ilL  3  (1690). 

Merop's  8on»  a  nobody,  a  terra 
^tusy  who  thinks  himself  somebody. 
Thus  Phaeton  (Merop's  son),  forgetting 
that  his  mother  was  an  earthbom  woman, 
thought  he  could  drive  the  horses  of  the 
sun,  but  not  being  able  to  guide  tiiem, 
nearly  set  the  earth  on  fire.  Many  pre- 
sume, like  him,  and  think  themselves 
capable  or  worthy  of  great  things,  for- 
getting all  the  while  that  they  are  only 
"  Merop's  son.** 

Why,  Phaeton  (for  then  art  Merop's  ion). 
Wilt  thott  a«plre  to  guide  the  heavenly  car. 
And  with  thy  dariuff  foUy  bum  the  world  f 

Shakfl^ware,  Tmo  0«mtl9men  qf  rerono, 
act  UU  ee.  1  (UM). 

Merrilies  (Afefj),  a  half-crazy  woman, 
part  aibyl  and  jmrt  gipsy.  She  b  the 
ruler  and  terror  of  the  gipsy  race.  Meg 
Merrilies  was  the  curse  of'  Harry  Ber- 


tram.—Sir  W.   Scott,    Ouy 
(time,  George  II.). 

in  the  dnunadaedTenion  of  Seott's  mmL  Mtai 
nan  [lSlfr-«J  made  "Mes   Merrfllee"  her  own. 
•howed  therein  indbputably  the  attribatae  d 
Such  waj  her  power  over  th«  intentlou  and  Ceding  of 
uart,  that  the  meie  wonk  were  quite  a  ■        ~ 
It  was  the  flgiire.  the  piit.  the  look,  the  fegture.  the 
hy  which  slie  put  bmuty  and  p— Ion  Into  ~ 
-      Ik— Ueniy  Morltv. 


Tb  meciy  In  hall. 
Where  heards  wag  aO. 
T.  TttMer.  Ftwt  Bmmdrcd  Fvimu  9f  gaeJ 
BmtlbiHtdrt,  xlvi.  St  (UB7)^ 


If  a  good  to  be  OMffT  and 
Bnnu,  Mtnf*  m  Bmattk  to 


Merry  Andrew,  Andrew  Boide, 
physician  to  Henry  Vlll.  (1500-1549^. 
%*  Prior  has  a  poem  on  lf<;rrj/ ilneuw. 

Merry  Monaroh  (7^0,  Charka  II. 
of  England  (1630,  1660-1686). 

Mer'rylecrs,  a  highly  trained  per- 
forming dog,  belonging  to  Signor  Jnpe, 
clown  ra  SIeary*8  circus.  This  dog  leaves 
the  circus  when  his  master  disajppears, 
but  several  years  afterwards  finds  its  way 
back  and  dies. — C  Dickens,  Hard  Time9 
(1854). 

Merse  (1  sy/.),  Berwick,  the  mere  or 
frontier  of  England  and  Scotland. 

Merthyr  TydviL  a  corruption  of 
Martyr  St.  Tml^  a  Welsh  princess  who 
suffered  martyraom. 

Merton  (Tommy),  one  of  the  diief 
characters  in  Sandford  and  Merton,  a  tale 
for  boys,  by  Thomas  Day  (178&-9). 

Merton  (IHstram),  Thomas  Babinff- 
ton  lord  Macaulav  so  signs  the  ballads 
and  sketches  which  he  inserted  in  Knighft 
Quarterly  Magazine, 

Mertoun  (Basil),  altos  Vauohax, 
fonnerly  a  pirate. 

Mordaunt  Mertoun,  son  of  Basil  Mer- 
toun. He  marries  Brenda  Troil. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  The  Pirate  (time,  William  III.). 

Merveilleuse  \Mair,vay',u2e]y  tb« 
sword  of  Doolin  of  Mayence.  It  was  so 
sharp  that,  if  placed  edge  downwards  on 
a  block  of  wood,  it  would  cut  throng  it 
of  itself. 

Mervett  (Oustams  de),  m  CharU$ 
XIL,  an  historical  drama  by  J.  R. 
PUnchd  (1826). 

Mervinia,  Merionethshire.  On  tht 
Mcrvin  Hills  the  British  found  security 
when  driven  by  the  Saxons  out  of  Eng- 
land. Here  the  Welsh  laws  were  re- 
tained the  longest.    This  part  of  Walts 


MERVTN. 


687 


MET0PHI8. 


10  peenliarly  rich  in  motmUuns,  meres, 
and  brings. 

McnrlniftCarbarhllb.  ..  special  modtencs  ctitm. 
DrartOB,  P»lyMiom,  tac  (UOS). 

Mervyn  {Mr,  Arthur)^  guardian  of 
Julia  Mannering.— Sir  W.  Scdtt,  Quy 
Mtmrnrmg  (Ume,  Geoige  II.). 

Mesopota'mia  or  Cvbitopolis^  the 
district  about  Warwick  and  Eccleston 
Squam,  in  London,  mainly  built  by 
Cubit 

Messali'nay  wife  of  the  emperor 
Clandius  of  Rome.  Her  name  is  a  by- 
word for  incontinency  (a.d.  *-4B). 

A*  h  BOt  <MM  of  thOM  MlMBlllIM  who,  bdTkig  th* 
prtd*  «r  birth,  hunble  their  a^tiooi  «v«a  to  the  diat, 
and  dhho^our  thwltw  vtthoat  a  bloali. — I  rim.  00 
atabkr.  10794).  •  ««».    m»«b.  wu 

OhthoaepiSanAor  thr  vtrtoooB  kx.  MMlain  McMUm 
n..  i«dre  tothyapartmait  t— I^Tdaii.  Th»8peMiA  Prrnr, 
B.  1  C1W>). 

I  inwC  a  Mesallna.  tlrad  and  nnaated  In  bar 

rca.-^  Oytenuiotria.  bath«l  ia  hm  hMhaiurk 

-I  laptoos  TkiDla.  whlrliac  bar  chariot  ovar  her 

body,  horror  InvadM  m/  fiM^taa— C. 

i«ir«M(17M>. 


Met$alina  {The  Modem).  Catherine  II. 
of  Rosda  (172»-1796). 

Messalina  of  Oermany,  Barbary 
of  Cilley,  second  wife  of  kaiser  Sigismnnd 
«f  GeriMiiy  (llfteenth  centaiy). 

Messiah  {The)^  an  epic  poem  in 
fifteen  books,  by  F.  G.  Klopstock.  The 
first  thxea  were  published  m  1748,  and 
the  last  in  1773.  The  sul^ect  is  the  last 
days  of  Jesos,  His  crucifixion  and  resur- 
rection. Bk«  i.  Jesus  ascends  Uie  Mount 
of  Olives,  to  spend  tiie  night  in  prayer. 
Bk.  iL  John  the  BcIotm,  failmg  to 
exorcise  a  demoniac,  Jesus  goes  to  his 
assistance;  and  Satan,  rebuked,  returns 
to  hell,  where  he  tells  the  fallen  angels 
his  version  of  the  birth  uid  ministry  of 
Qirist,  whose  death  he  resolves  on.  Bk. 
iiL  Messiah  sleeps  for  the  last  time  on  the 
Mount  of  Olives ;  the  tutelar  angels  of 
the  twelve  apostles,  and  a  description  of 
tiie  apostles  are  given.  Satan  gives  Judas 
a  dream,  and  uien  enters  the  heart  of 
Caiaphas.  Bk.  iv.  The  council  in  the 
palace  of  Caiaphas  decree  that  Jesus  must 
die ;  Jesus  sends  Peter  and  John  to  prepare 
ttie  Passover,  and  eats  His  Last  Supper 
with  His  apostles.  Bk.  v.  The  tnree 
hours  of  agonpr  in  the  garden.  Bk.  vi. 
Jesus,  bound,  is  taken  before  Annas,  and 
then  before  Caiaphas.  Peter  denies  his 
Master.  Bk.  vii.  Christ  i3  brought  before 
Pibte;  Judas  hangs  himself;  Pilate 
sends  Jesus  to  Herod,  but  Herod  sends 
11  im  again  to  Pilate,  who  delivers  Him  to 


the  Jews.  Bk.  viii.  Christ  nailed  to  tha 
cross.  Bk.  ix.  Christ  on  the  cross. 
Bk.  X.  The  death  of  Christ.  Bk.  xi. 
The  vail  of  the  Temple  rent,  and  the  re- 
surrection of  many  from  their  graves. 
Bk.  xii.  The  burial  of  the  body,  and  death 
of  Mary  the  sister  of  Lazarus.  Bk.  xiii. 
The  resurrection  and  suicide  of  Philo. 
Bk.  xiv.  Jesus  shows  Himself  to  His  dis- 
ciples. Bk.  xy.  Many  of  those  who  had 
risen  from  their  graves  show  themselves 
to  others.    Conclusion. 

Messiah,  an  oratorio  by  Handel  (1749). 
The  libretto  was  by  Charles  Jennens, 
nicknamed  "  Soliman  the  Ml^^ficent.** 

Metanoi'a,  Repentance  personified, 
by  William  Browne  in  Britannia's  Pas- 
toralsj  V.  (Greek,  mitanoia,  *'  repentance.**) 

_  Fklr*  MeUnoU  ia  attandlnc 

To  croana  thaa  with  Uioae  Jtqrs  that  luiow  no  oBdlK. 

faatoralB,  r.  1  (MS), 

Metasta'sio.  The  real  name  of  this 
Itolian  poet  was  Trapassi  {death).  He 
was  brought  up  by  Gravina,  who  Grecized 
the  name  (1698-1782). 

*«*  So  "Melancthon**  is  the  Greek 
form  of  SchtDorzerdi  ("black  earth**); 
**  CEcolampadius  **  is  the  Greek  form  of 
the  German  name  Hausachein ;  **  De- 
siderius  Erasmus  *'  is  Gheraerd  Gheraerd 
rUie  first  "  Gheraerd  '*  is  Utinized  into 
Desiderius,  and  the  latter  is  Grecized  into 
Urasmm), 

Meteoric  Stones.  In  the  museum 
of  Otflton  (Melbourne)  is  preserved  a 
hu^  meteonc  stone  twenty-five  tons  in 
weight.  It  fell  on  a  large  plain  between 
Melbonme  and  Kilmore  in  1860,  with 
such  force  that  it  sank  six  feet  in  the 
ground.  Some  said  it  must  have  been 
shot  from  a  crater  of  the  moon. 

♦*♦  The  hirgest  in  the  worid  is  in  Brazil, 
and  exceeds  thirty  tons.  There  is  another 
in  the  Imperial  Museum  at  St.  Petersburg, 
of  unusual  dimensions ;  and  one  is  pre- 
served in  Paris. 

Meth'oB,  Drunkenness  personified. 
He  is  twin-brother  of  Gluttony,  their 
mother  being  Can  {Jteshly  lust). '  In  the 
battle  of  Mansoul,  Methos  is  slain  by 
Agnei'a  {viifely  chastity)  spouse  of  En- 
cra't^  {temperance),  and  sister  of  Par- 
then'ia  {maiden  chastity).  (Greek,  methe 
or  methUs  is  ^Mrankenness.**)— Phincss 
Fletcher,  The  Purple  Island,  vii.,  xi. 
(1633). 

Met'ophis,  the  corrupt  chief  minister 
of  Sesostns. 


KEZITLL 


688      MICHAEL  THE  8TAMMEEER. 


n  anit  rune  anari  comnnpue  «C  auari  utMdeaw  que 
■MOitrl«<t»te  daotn  «t  gfoftvuL—FteekMi.  TiUmaqym 

Mexitli,  chief  god  and  idol  of  the 
Ax'tecM.  He  Icapedfull-grown  into  life, 
and  with  a  spear  slew  those  who  mocked 
his  mother  Coatlan'tona  (4  syl.). 

Already  at  [hi*  motKer'$  Arwue]  the  blow  wat  aimed. 
When  (orth  MeiitU  knit  awl  in  hk  hand 
ThoaocrrvMr* 

BooUmt.  Matdoo^  M.  U  0806). 

*«*  Of  coone,  it  will  be  remembered 
that  Minerva,  like  Mexitli,  was  bom  fuU- 
grown  and  fully  armed. 

Mesen'tiUB,  king  of  the  Tyriheniaat, 
who  put  criminals  to  death  by  tyin^  them 
face  to  face  with  dead  bodies.— Virgil, 
A^nadf  viii.  485. 

lUn  b  Ube  Mflttatlua  fai  VInIL  . . .  Soch  critics  an  Hke 
deadooab;  ib«)rniAyblaekan  but  caaaot burn.— ^Braome^ 
Frtfiiot  to  Binmt  (ITSO). 

3fl[ezzora'mia»  an  earthly  paradise 
in  Africa,  accessible  by  only  one  road. 
Gaudentio  di  Lucca  discovered  the  road, 
and  lived  at  Mezzoramia  for  twenty-five 
rears. — Simon   Berington,   Qcaideniio  di 


M.  F.  H.,  Master  [o/  the]  Fox- 
kotmds. 

'HecantttMid  loi«  befon 'em  at  thla  pace,"  Mid  Uie 
M.  F.  H..  cnminf  up  with  hb  haatnan.— Whyte  Met- 
Tilla.  CncltJokn. 

Micawl>er  (Mr,  WUkms),  a  moat 
unpractical,  half-clever  man,  a  great 
speecbifier,  letter- writer,  projector  of 
babble  schemes,  and,  though  confident  of 
success,  never  succeeding.  Having  failed 
in  everything  in  the  old  country,  he 
migrated  to  Australia,  and  became  a 
magistrate  at  Middlebay.— C.  Dickens, 
David  CGTferfield  (1849). 

*^*  This  truly  amiable,  erratic  genius 
is  a  portrait  of  Dickens's  own  &ther, 
*^  David  Copperfield  "  being  Dickens,  and 
*'  Mrs.  Nickleby  *'  (one  can  hardly  believe 
it)  ia  said  to  be  Dickens's  mo^r. 


_a'chael  (2  «y/.),  the  special  pro- 
tector and  guardian  of  the  Jews.  This 
archangel  is  messoiger  of  peaoe  and 
plenty. — Sale's  Koran^  iL  notes. 

*«*  That  Michael  was  really  the  pro- 
tector and  guardian  angel  of  the  Jews  we 
know  from  Dan,  x.  13,  21 ;  xii.  I. 

Milton  makes  Michael  the  leader  of  the 
heavenly  host  in  the  war  in  heaven.  The 
word  means  *' God's  power."  Gabriel 
was  next  in  command  to  the  archangel 
Michael. 

Oo.  Michael,  ef  eehatial  anntoe  prince. 

iVini4te*  UU,  vL  41  (IMB). 


*«*  Loiucfollow,  in  his  Qoidgm  Legtmd^ 
says  that  Michael  is  the  presiding  spirit 
of  the  planet  Mercury,  and  brings  to  man 
the  gift  of  prudence  ("The  Miracle- 
Playr  iu.,  1861). 

JHchaal,  the  "troicher  favourite**  of 
Arden  of  Feversham,  in  love  with  Maria 
sister  of  Mosby.  A  weak  man,  who  both 
loves  and  honours  Arden,  but  is  inveigled 
by  Mosby  to  admit  rufiians  into  Anlen's 
house  to  murder  him. — (jeo.  LiilOi  Arxkn 
of  Feversham  (1592). 

Michael  god  of  Wind  (8iX  At 
the  promontory  of  Malea  is  a  ehapel  bnilt 
to  St.  Michael,  and  the  sailors  say  when 
Hie  wind  blows  from  that  quarter,  it  is 
occasioned  by  the  violent  motion  of  St. 
Michael's  wings.  Whenever  they  sail  by 
that  promontory,  they  pray  St.  Mi<tharl 
to  keep  his  wings  still. 

St.  Michaei's  Chair,  It  is  said  that  any 
woman  who  has  sat  on  Michael's  chair  (on 
St.  Michael's  Mount,  in  ComwaU),  will 
rule  her  husband  ever  after.  (SeeKETVB, 
St.) 

Michael    Ans^o    of    Battle- 


cna^ 


Scenee  ( The)y  Michael  Angelo  Gerquoazi 
of  Rome  (1600- 1660). 

Michael  Angelo  of  France  ( T%e), 
Jean  Ck>usin  (1500-1590), 

Michael  Angelo  dee  KermeeeeSy 
Peter  van  Laar,  called  Le  Bcanboehe,  bon 
at  Laaren  (1618-1673). 

Or  Miokel-Ange  dee  Jkm^boehe$, 

Michael  Angelo  of  'M'n«rff^  iThe\ 
Johann  CSiristoph  von  Glack  (1714-1787). 

Mi<^ael  Angelo  of  Sculptors 

(The),  Pierre  Puget  (l«2a-1694). 

•Bcncf  Michael  Slodtz  m  also  eallcd  tht 
same  (1706-1764). 

Michael  Angelo  Titmarsh,  one 

of  the  pseudonyms  under  which  Thackeray 
contributed  to  Fraeer'e  Magaxine  (1811- 
1863). 

Michael  Armstrong,  **the  faeloiy 
boy."  The  hero  and  title  of  a  novel  by 
Mrs.  Trollope  (1839).  The  o^eci  of  thia 
novel  is  to  expose  what  the  authoress 
considered  to  be  the  evils  of  the  lactoiy 
system. 

Michael  Perez,  the  copper  captain. 
(See  Perez.) 

Michael  the  Stammerer,  bom  at 
Armorium,  in  Phnrgio,  mounted  th« 
throne  as  emperor  of  Greece  in  ▲.d.  ft^ 


lOCHAU 


MIDLOTHIAN. 


He  used  all  his  efforts  to  introduce  tbe 
Jewish  si^bath  and  sacrifice. 

1 

1 
1 


al  bD  Umm  doetrlMi  to  vldoM  . 
mdi  taniUe  work  In  th* 


LcM^fellov.  Tk9  OtkUn  Ltgmtd  (ISn). 

"M"*^^"!)  in  the  satiie  of  Ah&cUom  and 
Adutophely  by  Drydea  and  Tate,  is  meant 
lor  Catharine  the  wife  of  Charles  U.^-Pt. 
iL  (1682). 

Michelot,  an  unprincipled^  cowardly, 
greedy  man,  who  tries  to  discover  the 
secret  of  *'tfae  gold-mine.**  Being 
procurator  of  the  president  of  Lyons,  his 
office  was  "  to  capture  and  arrest  **  those 
diaiged  with  civil  or  criminal  offences. — 
£.  Stirling,  The  Gold-Mme  or  Miller  of 
Grenoble  (1854). 

Mioom'ioon,  the  pretended  kingdom 
of  Dorothea  (daughter  of  Cleonardo  of 
Andalnai'a),  a  hundred  days*  journey  from 
Ueo'tis,  and  a  nine  years*  voyage  from 
Ckrthagena. 

lCiooniico'na»  the  pretended  queen 
fA  Micomicon.  Don  Quixote^s  adventure 
to  Micomiconnia  comes  to  nothing,  for  he 
was  takoi  home  in  a  cage,  almost  as  soon 
as  he  was  told  of  the  wonderful  enchant- 
ments.— Cervantes,  Don  Quixote^  I.  iv.  2 
(1605). 

Mio'romeg'aA  ('*ihe  lUtie^great '% 
Yehaiie's  imitation  of  OuUiver^a  Travels, 

Mi'das  (Justice),  appointed  to  adjudge 
a  musical  contest  between  Pol  and  Pan. 
He  decides  in  favour  of  Pan,  whereupon 
Pol  throws  off  his  dis^scj  appears  as 
the  god  Apollo,  and,  being  indignant  at 
the  decision,  gives  Midas  **  the  ears  of  an 
ass."— Kane  0*Hara,  Midas  (1764). 

Edward  Shuter  (172^1776)  was  pro- 
nounced by  Garrick  "  the  greatest  comic 
actor ;  **  and  (X  Dibdin  says :  **  Nothing 
on  earth  could  have  been  superior  to  his 
*  Midas.*  *• 

Midae^s  Ears,  The  servant  who  used 
to  cut  the  king's  hair,  discovering  the 
deformity,  was  afraid  to  whisper  tbe 
secret  to  any  one,  but,  being  unable  to 
contain  himself,  he  dug  a  hole  in  the 
earth,  and,  putting  his  mouth  into  it,  ' 
cried  out,  "  King  Midas  has  ass*s  ears  !  *' 
He  then  filled  up  the  hole,  and  felt 
relieved. 

Tennyson  makes  the  barber  a  woman : 

No  Uvebpr  Umii  tbe  dame 
TkM«1ite«ed"Aaei'eu«"[«lelainoas  tbeiedsBi 

Trnqfaon.  Tht  PriMetm.  U. 

Middle  India^  Abyssinia,  the 
country  of  Prester  John. — Bishop  Jor- 
danns. 


Middleburgh  {Mr,  James),  an 
Edinburgh  magistrate.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
UeaH  of  Midlothian  <time,  Geoi)^  II.). 

Middlemas  [Mr,  Matthetc),  a  name 
assumed  bv  general  Witherington. 

Mrs,  Middlemas,  wife  of  the  geneial 
(bom  Zelia  de  Mon^ada). 

Jiiehard  Middlemas,  alias  Richard  Tre- 
shean,  a  foundling,  apprenticetl  to  Dr. 
(kay.  He  discovers  that  he  is  the  son  of 
general  Witherington,  and  goes  to  India, 
where  he  assumes  the  character  of  Sadoe, 
a  black  slave  in  the  service  of  Mde. 
Montreville.  He  delivers  Menie  Gray  by 
treachery  to  Tippoo  Saib,  and  Hyder  Ali 
gives  him  up  to  be  crushed  to  death  tnr 
an  elephant.— Sir  W.  Scott,  TheSurgeon^s 
Daughter  (time,  (^eorge  II.). 

Middlewick  {Mr,  Perkyn),  a  re- 
tired butterroan,  tbe  neighbour  at  sir 
(Jeoffry  Champneys,  and  the  father  of 
(Charles.  Tbe  buttennan  is  innately 
vulgar,  drops  his  A*s  and  inserts  them 
out  of  place,  makes  the  greatest  geo- 
graphical and  historical  blunders,  has  a 
tyrannical  temper,  but  a  tender  heart.  He 
turns  his  son  adrift  for  marrying  Violet 
Melrose  an  heiress,  who  snubbed  the 
plebeian  father.  When  reduced  to  great 
distress,  the  old  buttemian  goes  to  his 
son's  squalid  lodgings  and  relents.  So 
all  ends  happily. 

Charles  MickUewickj  son  of  the  retired 
butterman,  well  educated  and  a  gentle- 
man. His  father  wanted  him  to  marry 
Mary  Melrose,  a  giri  without  a  pennv, 
but  he  preferred  violet  an  heiress.— H. 
J.  %ron.  Our  Boys  (1876). 

Mid^e,  the  miller's  son,  one  of  the 
companions  of  Robin  Hood.  (See  Much.) 

Then  «epp«id  forth  brave  Little  Jobn 
And  Mldfe  the  nilUeKt  mi. 

Mobtn  Mood  amd  AUin-a-DtOa. 

Midi  an  Mara,  the  Celtic  mermaid. 

Ther  whbpcreil  to  each  other  that  the/  oouU  hear  tbe 
MHig  of  Mifdiu  Maim.— rWXtar*  CMZem,  L  t. 

Midlo'thian  {The  Heart  of),  a  tale 
of  the  Porteous  riot,  in  which  Uie  inci- 
dents of  Effie  and  Jeanie  Deans  are  of 
absorbing  interest.  Effie  was  seduced 
by  Geordie  Robertson  (alias  George 
Staunton),  while  in  the  service  of  Mrs. 
Saddletree.  She  murdered  her  infant, 
and  was  condemned  to  death ;  but  her 
half-sisterJeanie  went  to  London,  pleaded 
her  cause  before  tbe  queen,  and  obtained 
her  pardon.  Jeanie,  on  her  return  to 
Scotland,  married  Reuben  Butler;  and 
Geordie  Robertson  (then  sir  George 
Staunton)    married    Effie.     Sir   George 


MIDSUKMER  MOON. 


640 


MILAN  DECREE. 


being  ibot  by  a  gipsy  boy,  Effie  (ue,  lady 
Staunton)  retired  to  a  convent  on  the 
Continent.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Heart  of  Mid^ 
lothian  (time,  George  II.). 

Midsumxner  Moon.  Dogs  suffer 
from  hydrophobia  daring  the  heat  of 
midsummer ;  hence  the  term  *'  Mid- 
summer moon  **  means  madness.  It  will 
be  found  amongst  Kay's  proverbs,  and 
Olivia  (in  Ttoelfth  Night)  says  to  Mal- 
Yolio,  "  Why,  this  is  vccy  midsummer 
madness!" 


What't  thto  aildnraiiiMriiMMMif  b  all  IIm  voili 
•Hnaddiocf— 017^0(1.  AmpMrgwn,  Hr.  1  (MM). 

Midsummer  li'lght's  Dream. 
Shakespeare  says  there  was  a  law  in 
Athens,  that  if  a  daughter  refused  to 
marry  the  husband  selected  for  her  by 
her  fatJier,  she  might  be  put  to  death. 
I^^us  (3  8yl,)y  an  Athenian,  promised  to 
give  his  daughter  Hermia  in  marriage 
to  Demetrius ;  but  as  the  lady  loved 
Lyaander,  she  refused  to  marry  the  roan 
selected  by  her  father,  and  fled  from 
Athens  with  her  lover.  Demetrius  went 
in  pursuit  of  her,  followed  by  Helena, 
who  doted  on  him.  All  four  came  to  a 
forest,  and  fell  asleep.  In  their  dreams 
a  vision  of  fairies  passed  before  them, 
and  on  awaking,  Demetrius  resolved  to 
forego  Hermia  wno  dbliked  him,  and  to 
take  to  wife  Helena  who  sincerely  loved 
him.  When  Egeus  was  informed  uiereof, 
he  readily  agreed  to  give  his  daughter  to 
Lysander,  and  the  force  of  the  uw  was 
not  called  into  action  (1592). 

*^*  Several  of  the  incidents  of  this 
comedy  are  borrowed  from  the  Diana  of 
Montemayor,  a  Spaniard  (sixteenth  cen- 
tury). 

Midwife  of  Men's  Thoughts. 

So  Socr&tds  termed  himself  (b.g.  468- 

899). 

No  other  num  ever  itrndi  oat  of  othen  to  immf  iparka 
to  Mt  ligbt  to  origiiial  thought.— Grot*.  ITMory  ^f  Urmm 
(lSi«-M). 

MiggS  {Mi88)f  the  handmaiden  and 
'* comforter"  of  Mrs.  Yarden.  A  tall, 
gaunt  young  woman,  addicted  to  pattens; 
Blender  and  shrew bh,  of  a  sharp  and  add 
visage.  She  held  the  male  sex  in  utter 
contempt,  but  had  a  secret  exception  in 
favour  of  Sim  Tappertit,  who  irreverently 
called  her  **  scraggy."  Miss  Miggs 
always  sided  with  m^am  against  master, 
and  made  out  that  she  was  a  suffering 
martyr,  and  he  an  inhuman  Nero.  She 
called  ma'am  "  miin ;  **  said  her  sister 
lived  at  *'  twentv-sivin ; "  Simon  she 
called  *'  Simmun."    She  said  Mrs.  Yar- 


doi  was  **1iie  mildest,  amiablest,  for- 
givingest-sperited,  longest-sufferingert 
female  in  existence."  Baffled  in  all  her 
matrimonial  hopes,  she  was  at  last  ap- 
pointed female  turnkey  to  a  county  Bride- 
well, which  office  abe  held  for  thirty 
years,  when  she  died. — C. 
Jkumaby  Rudge  (1841). 

Mtai  lClssi.biiflcil  ki  al  her  ■chawM  .  .  .  sMd 
opon  •  thanlrhMi.  midirrlm  wotld.  tomod  v«fy 
and  MNir  ...  but  tb*  JiutlcM  of  Um  peace  for  UhiAVmix 
.  .  .  ■riectaJ  bar  faon  IM  etMapeiiUMa  lo  Iba  oMea  of 
tnmkar  Cor  a  eoonty  BrMawvU.  which  riw  hdd  tffl 

■a.  iDora  tbaa  tbtalj  ymn  i 

•  •nthfltf 


Mi^n'on,  a  beautiful,  dwarfish, 
fairv-likc  Italian  girl,  in  love  with 
Wimelm  her  protector.  She  glides 
before  us  in  the  mazy  dance,  or  whirls 
her  tambourine  like  an  Ariel.  Full  of 
fervour,  full  of  love,  full  ot  rapture,  she 
is  overwhelmed  with  the  torrent  of  des- 
pair at  finding  her  love  is  not  returned, 
becomes  insane,  and  dies. — Goethe,  WU- 
helm  Mcister'g  Apprenticeship  (1794-6). 

Sir  W.  ScoU  drew  his  <*  Fenella,"  in 
Peverit  of  the  Peak,  from  this  character  ; 
and  Yictor  Hugo  has  reproduced  her  in  his 
Notre  Daine,  under  the  name  of  **  Esme- 
ralda.** 

Migonnety  a  fairy  king,  who  wished 
to  marry  the  princess  brought  up  by 
Yiolenta  the  fairy  mother. 

OrandwafffhauMthaiaaallart.  m»  fM«  vara  Bka  an 
aacla'a  and  doM  to  the  knees,  for  legi  he  had  ikmm;  Hla 
roftd  robe*  wata  not  above  half  a  jrinl  long,  aad  timlled 
one-third  part  upon  the  ground.  His  head  «aa  as  Mf  as 
a  peck,  and  his  nose  kmg  enooRh  for  ttrdive  Urds  to  penk 
on.  His  beard  vas  bushjr  eBOMgh  fer  a  canary's  nest,  aad 
his  eaw  reached  a  foot  abore  his  head.— ComtaswiyABaay. 
/Hir^  TtUu  {"  The  WUta  Oat."  ISS^ 

Mika'do  of  JaiMUi,  the  spiritual 
supreme  or  chief  pontiff.  The  temporal 
supreme  is  called  the  A01160,  tegoon,  or 
tycoon. 

But  tbM.  Mlcado.  then  hMt  spokan 
Tha  word  at  which  all  locks  are  broken. 

St.  /■laMTs  (January.  18Xtt> 

Mil'an  {The  duke  of),  an  Italian 
prince,  an  ally  of  the  Lancastrians. — Sir 
w.  Scott,  Anne  of  Qeieretem  (tiniei 
Edward  lY.). 

Milan  Decree,  a  decree  of  Napo- 
leon Bonaparte,  dated  Milan,  December 
27,  1807,  declaring  "the  whole  British 
empire  to  be  in  a  state  of  blockade,  and 
prohibiting  all  countries  from  trading 
with  Great  Britain  or  using  any  article 
made  therein.** 

*4i*  As  Britain  was  the  best  customer 
of  the  very  nations  forbidden  to  deal 
with  her,  tms  very  absurd  decree  was  a 
two-edged  sword,  cutting  both  ways. 


MILDENDO. 


641 


MILLER. 


ICildendo,  the  metropolis  of  Lilli- 
put,  the  wall  of  which  was  two  feet  aod 
a  half  hi^  and  eleven  inches  thick.  The 
city  was  an  exact  square,  and  divided 
into  four  Quarters.  The  emperor's  palace, 
called  Belfab'orac,  stood  in  tiie  centre 
of  the  city.— Swift,  GuUiver'a  Traveh 
("UUipnt,"iv.,  1726). 

Mile'sian  Fables  {MUetuB  Fabuiai)^ 
very  wanton  and  ludicrous  tales.  Sir 
Edward  Bnlwer  Lytton  (lord  Lvtton) 
published  six  of  the  Lost  Tcuet  of 
Miletus  in  rhymeleas  verse.  He  says  he 
borrowed  them  from  the  scattered  rem- 
nants preserved  by  Apollodo'rus  and 
Conon,  eontained  in  the  pages  of  Pansa'- 
niaa  and  Athen«ns,  or  dispersed  through- 
out the  Scholiasts.  The  Milesian  tales 
were,  for  the  most  part,  in  prose ;  but 
Ovid  tells  us  that  Aiisti'des  rendered 
some  of  them  into  verse,  and  Sisenna 
into  Tf*HPi 

JauU  Arbtldflt  MOmIb  amntM 
AxktUm 


The  original  tales  by  Antonius  Diog'- 
cn^  are  described  by  Photius.  It  ap- 
pears that  the^  were  great  favourites 
with  the  luxurious  Sybarites.  A  com- 
pilation was  made  by  Aristld^,  by  whom 
(aeoording  to  Ovid)  some  were  versified 
also.  The  LAtin  translation  by  Sisenna 
was  made  about  the  time  of  the  civil 
wars  of  Ma'rius  and  Sylla.  Parthen'ius 
Nice'nus,  who  taught  Virgil  Greek,  bor- 
rowed thirty-six  of  the  tales,  which  he 
dedicated  to  Cornelius  Callus,  and  en- 
tiUed  Erdtikdn  Pathhnatdn  (**love 
stories  "). 

MUesia  Crimina^  amatory  offences. 
Venus  was  worshipped  at  Miletus,  and 
hence  the  loose  amatorv  tales  of  Antonius 
IMogen^s  were  entitled  MUesia  Fabula, 

Mile'siailS,  the  « ancient'*  Irish. 
The  legend  is  that  Ireland  was  once 
peopled  bv  the  Fir-bolg  or  Beige  from 
Britain,  who  were  subdued  by  Milesians 
from  Asia  Minor,  called  the  Ga^  of 
Iielittid. 

Mr  trnmBr.  hf  m  >itlM('«  M».  ara  aD  Ik*  true  <mM 
y"«-^"«  awl  relsled  to  Um  O'Vlahtrty^  and  OrtbmA- 
iiiiii  aa4  the  M'laucblliia.  tha  O'Dannashans.  QfCim- 
^tm.  O'Gaosa^iaiub  and  all  tka  (kk  bUod  of  Um 


) :  and  1  onielf  am  an  CBrallashan.  which  b  tba 
*ar  ib«M  alL-G.  MaekMB.  I«m  «l*te-«Mto  (177S). 

Mood  beifis  raoMd. 


PMTa 


IKilford  (OoUmel),  a  friend  of  sir 
Geoffrey  PeveriL— Sir  W.  Scott,  FsverU 
Iff  the  Peak  (time,  Cbarles  II.). 

MUford  (Jack),  a  natural  sob  of  Widow 
Wanen's   late   husband.     He  was   the  | 


crony  of  Harry  Domton,  with  whom 
he  ran  "  the  rood  to  ruin.**  Jack  had  a 
fortune  left  him,  but  he  soon  scattered 
it  b^  his  extravagant  living,  and  was 
imprisoned  for  debt.  Harry  then  pro- 
mised to  marry  Widow  Warren  if  she 
would  advance  him  £6000  to  pay  off  his 
friend's  debts  with.  When  Harry's  father 
heard  of  this  bargain,  he  was  so  moved 
that  he  advanced  the  money  himself; 
and  Harry,  being  set  free  from  his  bar- 
gain, married  the  widow's  daughter  in- 
stead of  the  widow.  Thus  all  were 
rescued  from  "the  road  to  ruin." — Hol- 
croft.  The  Road  to  Ruin  (1792). 

Milk-PaU  (The),  which  was  to  gain 
a  fortune.    (See  Pkrrettb.) 

Milk  Street  (London),  the  old  Milk- 
market.  Here  sir  Thomas  More  was 
bom. 

MiUamant,  the  pr€tendue  of  Edward 
Mirabell.  She  is  a  most  brilliant  girl, 
who  says  she  "loves  to  give  pain  be- 
cause cruelty  is  a  proof  of  power;  and 
when  one  parts  with  one's  cruelty,  one 
parts  with  one's  power.'*  MiUamant  is 
tss  gone  in  poetry,  and  her  heart  is  not 
in  her  own  keeping.  Sir  Wilful  Wit- 
would  makes  love  to  her,  but  she  detests 
"the  superannuated  lul*ber."-— W.  Con- 
greve.  The  Way  of  the  WbrW  (1700). 

Ihera  iwv«r  wm  a  mora  p«rfMi  raprawntatloa   of 
feminine  vtradtj  than  Ml«  M.  Troe'i  "MUlamAat"  or 
'kdjrTownhr**— a  ▼ivadty  flowing  from  tba  li^t^Mart- 
I  of  anlatolliiatit  and  sentto  silt— TiKlfMad  (IStlK 


MHler  {James),  the  "Uger**  of  the 
Hon.  Mr.  Flaramer.  James  was  brought 
up  in  the  stable,  educated  on  the  turf  and 
pav^,  polished  and  completed  in  the  fives- 
court.  He  was  engaged  to  Biary  Chints, 
the  nmid  of  Miss  Bloomfield.-^?.  Selby, 
The  Unfinished  Gentleman. 

Miller  (Joe),  James  Ballantyne,  autiior 
of  Old  Joe  MUler,  by  the  Editor  of  New 
J,M..  three  vols.  (1801). 

\*  Mottley  compiled  a  jest-book  in 
the  reign  of  James  II.,  entitled  Joe 
Miller's  Jests.  The  phrase,  "That's  a 
Joe  Miller,"  means  "that's  a  stale  iest" 
or  "  that's  a  jest  from  Mottley*8  book.** 

Miller  (Maximilian  Christopher),  the 
Saxon  giant;  height,  ei^ht  feet.  His 
hand  measured  a  foot ;  his  second  finder 
was  nine  inches  lon^ ;  his  head  unusually 
large.  He  wore  a  nch  Hun^rian  jacket 
and  a  huge  plumed  cap.  This  giant  was 
exhibited  in  London  in  the  year  1733. 
He  died  aged  60 ;  was  bom  at  Leipsic 
(1674-1734). 


MILLER  OF  MAKSFIELD. 


642 


MINAGR0BI8. 


Miller  of  Mansfield  {The),  John 
Cockle,  a  miller  and  keeper  of  Sherwood 
Forest.  Hearing  the  report  of  a  ^n, 
John  Cockle  went  into  the  forest  at  ni^ht 
to  find  poachers,  and  came  upon  the  king 
(Henry  VlllOf  who  had  been  hunting, 
and  had  got  separated  from  his  courtiers. 
The  miller  collared  him  ;  but,  bein^  told 
he  was  a  wayfarer,  who  had  lost  himself 
in  the  forest,  he  took  him  home  with  him 
for  the  night.  Next  day,  the  courtiers 
were  bron^t  to  liie  same  house,  having 
been  seiz^  as  poachers  by  the  under- 
keepers.  It  was  then  discovered  that  the 
miller's  guest  was  the  king,  who  knighted 
the  miller,  and  settled  on  nim  1000  marks 
a  year. — K.  Dodsley,  The  King  and  the 
mier  of  Mansfield  (1737). 

Millar  of  Trompington  {The), 
Simon  Simkin,  an  arrant  thief.  Two 
scholars  undertook  to  see  that  a  sack  of 
com  was  ground  for  '*  Solar  Hall  0)1- 
I^e "  without  being  tampered  with ;  so 
one  stood  at  the  hopper,  and  the  other  at 
the  trough  below.  In  the  mean  time. 
Simon  Simkin  let  loose  the  scholars 
horse ;  and  while  they  went  to  catch  it 
he  jmrloined  half  a  bushel  of  the  flour, 
which  was  made  into  cakes,  and  sub- 
stituted meal  in  its  stead.  But  the 
young  men  had  their  revenge ;  they  not 
only  made  off  with  the  flour,  meal,  and 
cakes  without  payment,  but  left  the 
miller  well  trounced  also.  —  Chaucer, 
Canterimry  Taiet  ('*  llie  Beeve'a  Tale," 
1888). 

A  triek  tonMlhlnc  Mm  Uwt  pliV«d  off  ««  Ih*  lOHflr  «r 
Tnmi|i<mto«i  ^it»9Uw  ^  MMUoH.  six.  SU. 

Miller  on  the  Dee.  **  There  was  a 
Jolly  Miller  once  lived  on  the  River  Dee," 
is  a  song  by  Isaac  Bickerstaff,  introduced 
in  Love  m  a  Viilage,  i.  1  (1768). 

Mills  {Miss),  the  bosom  friend  of 
Dora.  Supposed  to  have  been  blighted 
in  early  life  in  some  love  aflPair,  and 
hence  she  looks  on  the  happiness  of 
others  with  a  calm,  supercilious  beni^nibr, 
and  talks  of  herself  as  being  "m  the 
desert  of  Sahara." — C.  Dickens,  Iktvid 
Copperfietd  (1849). 

MiU^VOOd  {Sarah),  the  courtesan 
who  enticed  (leorge  Barnwell  to  rob  his 
master  and  murder  his  uncle.  Sarah 
Millwood  spent  all  the  money  that 
George  Barnwell  obtained  by  these 
crimes,  then  turned  him  out  of  doors, 
and  impeached  against  him.  Both  were 
hanged.^ieorge  Lillo,  Qdorge  Bamweil 
(1782), 


DnrU  VUm  flTlS-lTW]  «m  «Mt  Mat  tar  town  *rim 
■Ma.  who  MM  to  blm.  "  Mr.  Bom.  mow  iMtjr  ymn  aco* 
Iik«  'G«o(v»Baniwall.'  Iwruncod  ai/mMtM'tonp|4ytlw 
extniTi«aiMe  oT  •  '  MHlvood.^  I  look  bM  to  mo  /oar 
iNtffonaanco  of  *  Oca»  DaroveU.'  wfakk  w  ■hcdiad  mm 
that  I  vovod  to  fanak  off  tke  counortion  and  ntmnt  to 
the  path  of  rirtoe.  I  kept  njr  remlatioa.  faplaceil  tho 
Mowjr  I  had  itoloa.  awl  (cMnd  a  ' Maria'  la  my  Maifira 
dauglitM'.  ...  I  ha?e  beqoeatbod  jom  £1000.  Would  It 
werea  lM(er«aml  Fkrewefl ! '— PoihaBi.  C*r«j«falM  4f 
Crim%0. 

Milly,  the  wife  of  William  Swidger. 
She  is  the  good  angel  of  the  tale. — C. 
Dickens,  The  Haunted  Man  (1848). 

Milo»  as  athlete  of  Croto'na,  noted 
for  his  amazing  sb^ngUi.  He  could 
carry  on  his  shoulders  a  four-year-old 
heifer.  When  old.  Milo  attempted  to 
tear  in  twain  an  oak  tree,  but  the  parta, 
closing  on  his  hands,  held  him  fast,  till 
he  was  devoured  by  wolves. 


MOo  {The  English),  Thoi 
of  London  (1710-1762). 


TofAam 


Milton,  introduced  by  sir  Walter 
Scott  in  Woodstock  (time,  0>mmoii- 
wealth). 

Milton  of  Qermany,   Frederick 

GottUeb  Klopstock,  author  ot  The   " 
siah,  an  epic  poem  (1724-1803). 

AVM7 


Milton's  Monuxnent,  in  West- 
minster Abbey,  was  by  Rysbiack. 

Milvey  {The  Rev,  Frank),  a  '*  yoimg 
man  expensively  educated  and  wretch- 
edly paid,  with  quite  a  young  wife  and 
half  a  dozen  young  children.    He 


under  the  necessity  of  teaching  ...  to 
eke  out  his  scanty  means,  yet  was  goie- 
rally  expected  to  have  more  time  to 
spare  than  the  idlest  person  in  the  parish, 
and  more  money  than  the  richest. 

Mrs,  Milvey  {Margaretta),  a  pretty, 
bright  little  woman,  emi^iatic  and  im- 
puUive,  but  ^'something  won  by  an- 
xiety. She  had  repressed  manv  prett/ 
tastes  and  bright  f^moies,  and  substituted 
instead  schools,  soup,  flannel,  coals,  and 
all  the  week-day  cares  and  Sunday 
coughs  of  a  large  population,  young  ana 
old.^*— a  Dickens,  Our  MutfudJritnd 
(1864). 

MinagroHbis,  admiral  of  tha  cafta  m 
the  great  sea-fight  of  the  cats  and  rata. 
Minagrobis  won  the  victory  by  devourinj^ 
the  adraiiml  of  the  rats,  who  had  made 
three  voyages  found  the  world  ia  very 
excellent  snijps,  in  which  he  was  neither 
one  of  the  offioers  nor  one  of  the  crew, 
but  a  kind  of  interloper.  —  Comtesse 
D^Aunoy,  Fairy  Taks  (**Tha  WUte  Cat,** 
1682). 


lUNGINQ. 


MS 


MINOTTL 


Min'oing*  Udy's-maid  to  Millanuint. 
She  saja  mem  for  ma'am,  fit  for  fought, 
ia*ship  for  ladyship,  etc. — W.  Congreve, 
The  Wmif  of  the  WoHd  (1700). 

MiTlfiiTHil^  Iiaiie  (London),  a  cormp- 
tion  of  Minicen  Lane.  So  called  from 
the  Minicens  or  nana  of  St.  H«len,  who 
had  tenements  in  Bishopsgate  Street. 

Ifin'ciUBy  a   Venetian    river   which 

falls  into  the  Po.     Virgil  was  bom  at 

AndSs,  on  the  banks  of  this  river. 

Hhni  honoaicd  flood. 
Aaaota-dUlBg  MlartM,  eroviMd  vlih  voad  icadi. 

MUtM.  I0ti4at,  tt  (lOi). 

yiTilTrin  (Lord)^  married  to  a  cousin 
ef  sir  John  Trotley,  but,  according  to  bon 
ion,  he  flirts  with  Miss  Tittup ;  and  Miss 
Tittup,  who  is  engaged  to  colonel  Tivy, 
ffiits  with  a  married  man. 

Ladg  MmiAm,  wife  of  lord  Minikin. 
Accenting  to  bon  ton,  she  hates  her 
husband,  and  flirts  witii  colonel  Tivy ; 
and  colonel  Tivy,  who  is  engaged  to  Miss 
Tittup,  flirts  with  a  married  woman.  It 
is  &oii  ton  to  do  so. — Garrick,  Bon  Ton 
(1760). 

Mix^ekah'wun,  Hiawatha's  mittens, 
made  of  deer-^skin.  When  Hiawatha  had 
his  mittens  on,  he  coold  smite  the  hardest 
locks  asunder. 

Mack  OiittMM  niMto  (ifdMr^Uti  I 
Wlwii  DDoo  bb  IwimU  he  won  than, 
B»  «wu  aoiit*  Uie  KKlw  anbdar. 

UMf/dkm,  aimmdkm»  hr.  (ISGi). 

Minna  and  Brenda,  two  beautiful 
girls,  the  daughters  of  MagBw  Troil  the 
•Id  ndalleff  of  Zetland.  Minna  was 
stately  in  form,  with  dark  ^es  and  raven 
locks ;  credulous  and  vain,  but  not 
giddy ;  enthusiastic,  talented,  and  warm- 
hearted.  She  loved  captain  Clement 
Cleveland ;  but  Cleveland  was  killed  in 
an  encounter  on  the  Spanish  main. 
Brenda  had  golden  hair,  a  oloom  on  her 
cheeks,  a  foir^  form,  and  a  serene, 
cheerful  disposition.  She  was  less  the 
heroine  than  her  sister,  but  more  the 
loving  and  confiding  woman.  She  mar- 
ried Mordaunt  Mertoun  (ch.  iii.). — Sir 
W.   Scott,    TAe   Pirate   (time,   WUUam 

ni.). 

Kinnehalia  C'the  iaughing  water*'), 
daughter  of  Uie  arrow-maker  of  Daco'tah, 
and  wife  of  Hiawatha.  She  was  called 
Minnehaha  from  the  waterfall  of  that 
same  between  St.  Antony  and  Fort 
Snelling. 

fjpni  liM  vBleriU.  Im  MiMd  bqr 

Uuighiug  Water.  _ 

r,  Mtawatkti,  ft,  (1MB|* 


Mizmesin^ers,  the  Troubadours  of 
Germany  during  the  Hohenstaufen  pe- 
riod (1138-1294),  minstrels  who  oom- 
posed  and  sung  short  lyrical  poems — usu- 
ally in  praise  of  women  or  in  celebration 
of  the  beauties  of  nature — called  iftmie,  or 
love,  songs.  The  names  of  nearly  three 
hundred  of  thnee  poets  have  oome  down 
to  us,  including  all  classes  of  society, 
the  most  famous  being  Dietmar  von  Aist, 
Ulrich  von  Lichteastein,  Heinrioh  von 
Franenlob,  and  above  all  Walther  von 
der  Vogelweide  (1168-1230).  Wolfram 
von  Eschenbaeh,  Gottfried  von  Stras- 
burg,  and  Hartmaan  von  der  Ane  are 
also  classed  among  the  Minnesingers, 
but  their  principal  ftime  was  won  in  the 
field  of  metrieal  romance. 

lidio'na,  **  the  soft-blushing  daugh- 
ter of  Torman,"  a  Gaelic  bard  in  the 
8ong9  of  Seimaf  one  of  the  most  famous 
portions  of  Maopherson's  Onian, 

Minor  {The),  a  comedy  by  Samuel 
Foote  (1760).  Sir  George  Wealthy.  '*the 
minor,"  was  the  son  of  sir  William 
Wealthy,  a  retired  merchant.  He  was 
educated  at  a  nublio  school,  sent  to  col- 
lege, and  finished  his  training  in  Paris. 
His  father,  hearing  of  his  extravagant 
habits,  pretended  to  be  dead,  and, 
assuming  the  guise  <rf  a  German  baron, 
employed  seventl  persons  to  dodge  the 
lad,  some  to  be  winners  in  his  gambling, 
•ome  to  lend  money,  some  to  eater  to 
ether  follies,  till  he  was  apparently  on  ^e 
brink  of  ruin.  His  nocle,  Mr.  Richard 
Wealthy,  a  City  merchant,  wanted  his 
daughter  Lucy  to  marry  a  wealthy 
trader,  and  as  she  refused  to  do  so, 
he  turned  her  out  of  doors.  This  young 
lady  was  brought  to  sir  George  as  a  JilU 
dejoie,  but  she  touched  his  heart  by  her 
manifest  innocence,  and  he  not  only 
relieved  her  pfesent  necessities,  but 
removed  her  to  ao  asylum  where  her 
"  innocent  beauty  would  be  guarded  from 
temptation,  and  her  deluded  innocence 
would  be  rescued  from  infamy."  The 
whole  scheme  now  burst  as  a  bubble. 
Sir  (ieorge's  father,  proud  of  his  son,  told 
him  he  was  his  father,  and  that  his  losses 
were  only  fictitious ;  and  the  uncle 
melted  into  a  better  mood,  gave  his 
daughter  to  his  nephew,  and  blessed  the 
boy  for  rescuing  his  discarded  child. 

Minotti,  governor  of  Corinth,  then 
under  the  power  of  the  doge.  In  1715, 
the  city  was  stormed  by  the  Turks ;  and 
during  the  siege  one  of  the  magazines  in 


MINSTREU 


«44 


MIRABKLLA. 


the  Tarkish  camp  blew  up,  killing  600 
men.  Bvron  says  it  was  Minotti  himself 
who  fired  the  train,  and  that  he  perished 
in  the  explosion. — Byron,  Siege  of  Corinth 
(1816). 

Minstrel  (The)^  an  unfinished  poem, 
in  Spenserian  metre,  by  James  Beatie. 
Its  design  was  to  trace  the  progress  of  a 
poetic  genius,  bom  in  a  rode  age,  from 
the  first  dawn  of  fancy  to  the  fulness  of 
poetic  rapture.  The  first  canto  is  de- 
scriptiTe  of  Edwin  the  minstrel ;  canto  ii. 
is  aull  philosophy,  and  there,  happUy, 
the  poem  ends.  It  is  a  pity  it  did  not 
end  with  the  first  canto  (177JM). 


Deri 


oft 


▲ad  jnet  poor  H 

DrpthouflU 
DtlnUw  be  heeded  not,  nor  SMMle.  nor  tof. 


_     bof. 
to  fix  hlf  Inbuit  t^ 


Save  one  riKxt  pipe  of  i 

Silent  when  mA.  aflectlonMe.  tho'  aby : 
Aad  now  bb  look  WM  mott  deoMtntjr  MM ; 

And  now  be  kugbed  kloud.  /et  none  knew  wfaj. 
The  nelghboon  etared  and  dghed.  yet  Ueend  the  lad : 
ilewied  bim  wondiw  wim,  and  wie  beUeted  Mm 


CbntoLUL 

Minstrel  {Lay  of  the  Last),  Ladye 
Margaret.  **the  flower  of  Teviot,"  was 
the  daughter  of  lord  Walter  Scott,  of 
Branksome  Hall.  She  loved  baron  Henry 
of  Cranstown;  but  between  the  two 
families  a  deadly  feud  existed.  One  day, 
the  elfin  page  of  lord  Cranstown  enveigled 
the  heir  of  Branksome  Hail  (then  a  lad) 
into  the  woods,  where  he  fell  into  the 
hands  of  the  English,  who  marched  with 
dOOO  men  to  Braniksome  Hail :  but  being 
told  Uiat  Douglas  was  coming  to  the 
rescue  with  10,000  men,  the  two  armies 
agreed  to  settle  by  single  combat  whether 
the  lad  should  be  given  up  to  the  mother 
or  be  made  king  Edward's  page.  The 
two  champions  were  sir  Richard  Mus- 
grave  (English)  and  sir  William  Deloraine 
TScotch),  The  Scotch  champion  slew  sir 
Kichard,  and  the  boy  was  delivered  to 
the  mother.  It  now  turned  out  that  sir 
William  Deloraine  was  lord  Cranstown, 
who  claimed  and  received  the  hand  of 
ladye  Margaret  as  his  reward. — Sir  W. 
Scott  (1806). 

Minstrel  of  the  Border,  sir  W. 
Scott;  also  called  **The  Border  Minstrel** 
(1771-1882). 

Uj  ctepi  the  Border  Minstrel  led. 

Wordsworth.  Yarrom  JtnWUi, 

Onat  Minstrel  or  the  Border. 


Minstrel  of  the  Bnglish  Stage 
(The  Last),  James  Shirley,  hist  of^e 
Shakespeare  school  (1594-1666). 

*^*  Then  followed  the  licentious  French 
school,  headed  by  John  Drydon. 


Minstrels  (Royal  Domestic), 

Of  William  I.,  Berdic,  called  £egi» 
Joculaftor, 

Of  Henry  1.,  Galfrid  and  Royer  or 
Raher. 

Of  Bichard  I.,  BlondeL 

Miol'ner  (3  syl,),  Thor*s  hammer. 

This  Is  my  hammer.  MiOlner  the  mlghtf ; 
Giants  aad  aorcann  eannot  wUhstand  It. 


MiqueletS  (Les),  soldiers  of  the 
Pjrrenees,  sent  to  co-ooerate  with  the 
dragoons  of  the  Orand  Monarqm  against 
the  CamiArds  of  the  Cevennes. 


n 


Mir'abel,  the  "wUd  goose,* 
veiled  Monsieur,  who  loves  women  in  a 
loose  way,  but  abhors  matrimony,  and 
especially  dislikes  Oria'na;  but  Oriana 
** chases**  the  ''wild  goose**  with  her 
woman*s  wiles,  and  catdies  him. — Beao> 
mont  and  Fletcher,  The  WHd^oose  Chase 
(1662). 

Mirabel  (Old),  He  adores  his  sovi,  and 
wishes  him  to  marry  Oria'na.  As  the 
young  man  shilly-shallies,  the  father 
enters  into  several  schemes  to  entrap  him 
into  a  declaration  of  love;  but  all  his 
schemes  are  abortive. 

Young  Mirabel,  the  son,  called  '*tb« 
inconstant.**  A  haadsome,  dashing 
young  rake,  who  loves  Oriana,  but  does 
not  wish  to  marry.  Whenever  Oriana 
seems  lost  to  him,  the  ardour  of  his  love 
revives;  but  immediately  his  path  is 
made  plain,  he  holds  off.  However,  he 
ultimately  marries  her. — G.  Farquhar, 
The  Inconstant  (1702). 

Mirabell    {Edward),    in    love   wiUi 

Millamant.    He  liked  her.  **  with  all  her 

faults ;  nay,  liked  her  for  her  faults,  . .  . 

which  were  so  natural  that  (in  his  opinion) 

they  became  her.** — W.  Congreve,    The 

Way  of  the  World  (1700). 

Not  aU  that  Dniry  Une  afltards 
Can  paint  the  tmklih  "Charles'* »  wdl. 
Or  gife  such  Ufs  to  "  MtamfaeU - 
U«  Montagu*  TmltH,  1778-1881). 

dvftOB  Ctoksr. 

Mirabella,  '*  a  maiden  fair,  olad  in 
mourning  weeds,  upon  a  mangy  jade, 
unmeetly  set  with  a  lewd  fom  c^ed 
Disdain  **  (canto  6).  Timias  and  Serena, 
after  quitting  the  hermit's  cell,  met  her. 
Though  so  sorely  clad  and  mounted,  tlra 
maiden  was  **  a  lady  of  great  dignity  and 
honour,  but  scornful  and  proud.^  Many 
a  wretch  did  languish  for  her  throu^  a 
long  life.  Being  summoned  to  Cut)id*s 
judgment  hall,  the  sentence  passed  oa 


MIBAMONT. 


646 


MIRROR. 


Iter  waa  tliat  ahe  should  "ride  on  a  mangy 
jade,  accompanied  by  a  fool,  till  she  had 
saved  as  man^  lovers  as  she  had  slain  " 
(canto  7).  Mitabella  was  also  doomed  to 
carry  a  leaky  bottle  which  she  was  to  fill 
with  tears,  and  a  torn  waUet  which  she 
was  to  fill  with  repentance  ;  bnt  her  tears 
and  her  repentance  dropped  oot  as  fast  as 
iher  were  put  in,  and  were  trampled 
under  foot  by  Scorn  (canto  8).— Spenser, 
Fairy  Queen,  vi.  6-8  (1596). 

%*  "  Mirabella"  is  supposed  to  be  meant 
for  Rosalind,  who  jilted  Spenser,  and 
who  is  called  by  the  poet  "a  widow's 
daughter  of  the  glen,  and  poor.** 

Mir'amont,  brother  of  justice  Brisac, 
and  uncle  of  the  two  brothers  Qiarles 
(the  scholar)  and  Eustace  (the  courtier). 
Miiamont  is  an  ignorant,  testy  old  man, 
but  a  great  admirer  of  learning  and 
scholars. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  I%e 
Elder  Brother  (1687). 

Ulnm'da,  daughter  of  Prospero  the 
exiled  duke  al  Milan,  and  niece  of  An- 
thonio  the  usurping  di^e.  She  is  brought 
up  on  a  desert  island,  with  Ariel  the  fairy 
spirit,  and  Cal'iban  the  monster,  as  her 
only  companions.  Ferdinand,  son  of  the 
king  of  Naples,  being  shipwrecked  on 
the  island,  falls  in  love  with  her,  and 
marries  her. — Shakespeare,  The  Tempest 
(1609). 

UeBtaytec  tanrif  wUh  Hm  dmph  jrat  nobfe-nlmM 
anuria  la  the  We  of  voadar  and  MMfaantment.— air  W. 


Maramdoy  an  heiress,  the  ward  of  sir 
Francis  Gripe.  As  she  must  obtain  his 
consent  to  her  marriage  before  she  could 
obtain  possession  of  her  fortune,  she 
pretended  to  love  him,  although  he  was 
64year8  old ;  and  tiie  old  fool  ^lieved  it. 
^  nen,  therefore,  Miranda  asked  his  coo- 
sent  to  marry,  be  readily  gave  it,  thinking 
himself  to  be  the  man  of  her  choice  ; 
but  the  sly  little  hussv  laughed  at  her 
old  guardian,  and  plighted  her  troth  to 
sir  George  Airy,  a  man  of  24. — Mrs. 
Centlivre,  The  Busy  Body  (1709). 

Mir^a,  one  of  the  six  Wise  Men  of 
tibe  East,  led  by  the  guiding  star  to  Jesus. 
Miija  had  five  sons,  who  followed  his 
holy  life. — Klopstock,  The  Messiah,  v. 
(1771). 


(Alasnam^a),  a  mirror  which 
showed  Alasnam  if  "a  beautiful  girl 
was  also  chaste  and  virtuous."  The 
minor  was  called  **  the  touchstone  of 
virtue." — Arabian  Nights  ("Prince  Zeyn 


Mirror  (CambumxnCs),  a  mirror  sent 
to  Cambuscan'  king  of  Tartary  by  the 
king  of  Araby  and  Ind.  It  showed 
those  who  consulted  it  if  any  adversity 
was  about  to  befall  them ;  if  anv  in- 
dividual they  were  interested  in  waa 
friend  or  foe ;  and  if  a  person  returned 
love  for  love  or  not — Chaucer,  Canterbury 
Tales  ("  The  Squire's  Tale,"  1888). 

%*  Sometimes'  called  "Canacd*8 
Mirror,"  but  incorrectly  so. 

Mirror  (Kelly's),  Dr.  Dee's  speculum. 
Kelly  was  the  doctor's  speculator  or  seer. 
The  speculum  resembled  a  "piece  of 
polished  cannel  coal." 

K«U)r  did  aU  hia  faste  upon 
The  devlff  looklns-KfatM.  «  ■tone. 

8.  BaUor.  Mvdibrtu  0SSI-7Q. 

Mirror  (Lad's),  a  looking-glass  which 
reflected  the  mind  as  well  as  the  outward 
form.— (Goldsmith,  Citizen  of  the  WortcL 
xlv.  (1769). 

Mirror  (Merlin's  Magic)  or  Yenns^a 
looking-gUss,  fabricated  in  South 
Wales,  in  the  days  of  king  Ryence.  It 
would  show  to  those  that  looked  Uierein 
an^hing  which  pertained  to  them,  any- 
thing that  a  friend  or  foe  was  doing.  It 
was  round  like  a  sphere,  and  waa  given 
by  Merlin  to  king  Ryence. 

That  nerar  torn  hb  klnfdom  mJicht  fairada 
But  be  it  knew  at  home  before  be  heanl 
Tidlngi  thereoC, 

Britomart,  who  was  king  Ryence^a 
daughter  and  heiress,  saw  in  the  mirror  her 
future  husband,  and  also  his  name,  which 
was  sir  Artegal.--Spenser,  Faery  Queen. 
iu.  2  (1690).  if  -*     ^ 

Mirror  (Prester  John's),  a  mirror  which 
Dossessed  similar  virtues  to  that  made  by 
Merlin.  Prester  John  could  see  therein 
whatever  was  taking  place  in  any  part  of 
his  dominions. 

*♦*  Dr.  Dee's  speculum  was  also 
spherical,  and  possessed  a  similar  reputed 
virtue. 

Mirror  (^BeynarcTs  Wonderful).  This 
mirror  existed  only  in  the  brain  of 
Master  Fox.  He  told  the  queen  lion  that 
whoever  looked  therein  could  see  what 
was  being  done  a  mile  off.  The  wood  of 
the  frame  was  part  of  the  same  block 
out  of  which  Crampart's  magic  horse  was 
mt^e.-^Beynard  the  Fox,  xii.  (1498). 

Mirror  (Venus's),  generally  called 
"Venus's  lookinj^-glass,"  the 'same  as 
Merlin's  magic  mirror  (q.v,). 

Mirror   (Vulcan's),     Vulcan   made   a 


MIRROR  OF  HUMAN  SALVATION.  646 


MISH£-HOKWA. 


mirror  which  showed  those  who  looked 
into  it  the  past,  present,  and  future. 
Sir  John  Davies  sa^s  that  Cupid  handed 
tiiis  mirror  to  Antin'dus  when  he  was 
in  the  coort  of  Ulysses,  and  Antinons 

Skve  it  to  Penel'opS,  who  beheld  therein 
e  cooit  of  queee  Elkabeth  and  all  its 
grandeur. 

Vokaui.  Um  Ung  of  ire.  tint  mbror  wroogbt . . . 
As  tbera  dUd  reprewnt  in  llvebr  ahow 
Our  idarioiM  Bntdbh  court's  dirlne  Image 
As  It  sbooU  be  In  this  4Rtr  9alilMi«s. 

Sir  John  Dwvlea,  OrcAartrs  (ISlff). 

Mirror  of  Human  Salvation 

(Speculum  JTunuinw  Salvationis)^  a  picture 
Bible,  with  the  subjects  of  the  pictures 
explained  in  rhymes. 

Mirror  of  king  Byenoe,  a 
mirror  made  by  Merlin.  It  showed  uose 
who  looked  into  it  whatever  they  wished 
to  see.-^Spenser,  FaSry  Queen,  iii. 
(1590). 

Mirror  of  Kniehthood,  a  ro- 
mance of  chivalry,  it  was  one  of  liie 
books  in  don  Qnixote^s  library,  and  the 
card  said  to  the  barber : 

*'In  this  Mine  Mhror  ^  Mntfiukood  ve  meetwtrh 
RiaaMo  <le  Montalbm  aii4  his  compwiloiM.  wtA  the 
tireire  poen  of  Prance,  and  Tkirpln  the  historlaa.  These 
gentlemen  we  win  condemn  onhr  to  perpetual  ezHe.  as 
they  contain  aomethlng  of  the  nunoin  Bqjardo's  in?en* 
tion.  whence  the  Christian  poet  Ariosto  borrowed  tlie 
groundwork  of  hb  Ihgenloin  compositions  ;  to  whom 
I  should  pajr  Uttle  repard  If  he  had  not  written  In  his  own 
huiguace  [/Mltoi»J.'*--OBrTMitee,  Don  QtsteoK  L  L  S 

Mirror  of  all  Martial  Men« 
Thomas  earl  of  Salisbury  (died  1428). 

Mirrour  fbr  Mafistraytes,  be- 
gun by  Thomas  SackvUle,  and  intended 
to  be  a  poetical  bioj^raphy  of  renuurkable 
Englishmen.  Sackville  wrote  the  "  In- 
duction,** and  furnished  one  of  the 
sketches,  that  of  Henry  Stafford  duke  of 
Buckingham  (the  tool  of  Richard  III.). 
Baldwynne,  Ferrers,  Churchyard,  Phair, 
etc.,  added  others.  Subseouently.  John 
Higgins,  Richard  Nichols,  Thomas 
Blenerhasset,  etc.,  supplied  additional 
characters;  but  Sackville  alone  stands 
out  pre-eminent  in  merit.  In  the  ''In- 
duction,** Sackville  tells  us  he  was  coo- 
ducted  by  Sorrowe  into  the  infernal 
regions.  At  the  porch  sat  Remorse  and 
Dread,  and  within  the  porch  were 
Revenge,  Biiserie,  Care,  and  Slejie. 
Passinjg  on,  he  beheld  Old  Age, 
Maladie,  Famine,  and  Warre.  Sorrowe 
then  took  him  to  Acheron,  and  ordered 
Charon  to  ferry  them  across.  They 
passed  the  three-headed  Orbi<rus  and 
came   to   Pluto,    where   the   poet    saw 


several  ghosts,  tiie  last  of  all  being  the 
duke  of  Buckingham,  whose  '*  com- 
pia^fU**  finises  the  part  written  by 
Thomas  Sackville   (1567).    (See  Bvck- 

niOHAM.) 

\*  Henry  Stafford  duke  of  Backing'' 
ham  must  not  be  mistaken  for  George 
YillieiB  duke  of  Buckingham  150  year* 
later. 

Mirsa  (7^  Vision  of),  Hirza,  being 
at  Grand  Cairo  on  the  fifth  day  of  the 
moon,  which  he  always  kept  holy, 
ascended  a  high  hill|  and,  fttlling  into  a 
trance,  beheld  a  vision  of  human  life* 
First,  he  saw  a  prodigious  tide  of  water 
rolling  through  a  vaUey  with  a  thick 
mist  at  each  end — this  was  the  river  of 
time.  Over  the  river  were  several 
bridges,  some  broken,  and  aome  ooiitain<^ 
ing  three  score  and  ten  afchcs,  over 
wmch  men  were  passing.  The  arches 
represented  the  number  of  years  the 
traveller  lived  before  he  tumbled  into 
the  river.  Lastly,  he  saw  the  happy 
valley,  but  when  he  asked  to  see  tne 
secrets  hidden  under  the  dark  donds  on 
the  other  side,  the  vision  was  ended,  and 
he  only  beheld  the  valley  of  Bagdad, 
with  its  oxen,  sheep,  and  camels  mxing 
on  its  sides.— Addison,  Vition  of  Mirta 
{Spectator,  169). 

Misbegot  (Maicoim),  natural  son  of 
Sybil  Knockwmnock,  and  an  ancestor 
of  sir  Arthur  Wardour.— Sir  W.  Soott, 
7^  Antiquary  (time,  George  III.). 

Miser  {The)t  a  comedy  by  H.  Field- 
ing, a  r^chauffk  of  Moli^re*B  comedv 
LAvare,  Lovegold  is  "Harpagon,* 
Frederick  is  **Cl^nte,**  Manana  is 
**Mariane,**  and  Ramilie  is  <*  U  Fleche. 
Lovegold  a  man  of  60,  and  his  son 
Frederick,  both  wish  to  marry  Mariana, 
and  in  order  to  divert  the  old  miser  from 
his  foolish  passion,  Mariana  pretends  to 
be  most  extrava^uit.  She  orders  a 
necklace  and  ear-rings  of  the  value  of 
£3000,  a  petticoat  and  gown  from  a  fabric 
which  is  £12  a  yard,  ami  besets  the  house 
with  duns.  Lovegold  gives  £3000  to 
break  off  tiie  bargain,  «id  Frederick 
becomes  the  bridegroom  of  Mariana. 

Misers.— See  Dictionary  of  Phnue 
and  Fable,  679. 

Misere're  {p^)  ^^"^Hi  ^^^  Good 
Fridays  in  Catholic  churches,  is  the  com- 
position of  Gregorio  Allegri,  who  died  in 
1640. 

Mishe-Mok'wa,  the  great  bear  sfaiia 


MISHE-NAHMA. 


647 


MITA. 


bj  Mndjekeewis. — ^Longfellow,  Biatwatka^ 
n.  (1855). 

Mishe-Nah'ma,  the  great  stargeon, 
"  kiog  of  fishes,**  subdued  by  HiAwatha. 
With  this  labour,  Uie  "great  teacher** 
tau^t  the  Indians  how  to  make  oil  tor 
winter.  When  Hiawatha  threw  his  line 
for  the  sturgeon,  that  king  of  fishes  first 
persuaded  a  pike  to  swallow  the  bait  and 
try  to  break  the  line,  but  Hiawatha 
threw  it  back  into  the  water.  Next,  a 
sun-fish  was  persuaded  to  try  the  bait, 
with  the  same  result.  Then  the  sturgeon, 
in  anger,  swallowed  Hiawatha  and  canoe 
also;  bat  Hiawatha  smote  the  heart  of 
the  sturgeon  with  his  fist,  and  the  kiiu^ 
of  fishes  swam  to  the  shore  and  died. 
Then  ttie  sea-gulls  opened  a  rift  in  the 
dead  body,  out  of  which  Hiawatha  made 
Us  escape. 

•*  I  Imve  iMn  the  BfMi«-NalmM. 
SfadnUMklDfor  iyhea."aMb«. 

LomgUOtaw,  Biamatlka,  yVL  (ISHI- 

"WnrnntLfj  BuUan  of  India,  transformed 
br  Ufin  into  a  toad.  **  He  was  disen- 
onanted  by  the  dervise  Shemshel'nar,  the 
most  *'  pious  worshipper  of  Alia  amongst 
all  the  sons  of  Asia.*  By  prudence  md 
piety,  Misnar  and  his  vizier  Horam  de- 
stroyed all  the  enchanters  which  filled 
hkdia  with  rebellion,  and  having  secured 
peace,  married  Uem'junah,  daughter  of 
Zebcnezer  sultao  of  Cassimir,  to  whom 
he  had  been  betrothed  when  he  was 
known  only  as  Uie  prince  of  Georgia. — 
Sir  C.  Morell  [J.  Ridley],  TaUa  of  the 
Genii,  vi.,  yii.  (1751). 

Ifiaoff'oniUL  by  Thomas  Rychardes, 
the  thinlEnglish  comedy  (1660).  It  is 
writton  in  rhyming  quatrains,  and  not  in 
couplets  like  Ralph  Roister  Doister  and 
Gammer  GurUm^s  Needle, 

Hisquote. 

Wlik  JmI  flooagh  oflMnliif  to  miMiaotc 
B^noa,  Mngitak  Bardt  and  Scotdk  M*Hewtrt  (1S09). 

MiflS  in  Her  Teens,  a  farce  by  David 
Qarrick  (1758).  Miss  Biddy  BelUir  is  in 
love  wito  captain  Loveit,  who  is  known 
to  her  only  by  the  name  of  Rhodof^il : 
but  she  coquets  with  captain  Flash  and 
Mr.  Fribble,  while  her  aunt  wants  her  to 
marry  an  elderly  man  by  the  name  of 
Stephen  Loveit,  whom  she  detests.  When 
the  captain  returns  from  the  wars,  she 
sets  captain  Flash  and  Mr.  Fribble  to- 
gether by  the  ears  ;  and  while  they  stand 
nonting  each  other  but  afnid  to  fight, 
captain  Loveit  enters,  recognizes  Fuish 
as  a  deserter,  takes  away  his  sword,  and 
Fribble  as  beneath  contempt. 


_»i  Bubble,  the  *<  South 
Sea  soheme^  of  France,  projected  by 
J<An  Law,  a  Scotchman.  So  called  be- 
cause the  projector  was  to  have  the 
occlusive  trade  of  Lousiana,  on  the  banks 
of  the  Mississippi,  on  condition  of  hia 
taking  on  himself  the  National  Debt 
(incorporated  1717,  failed  1720). 

The  debt  was  208  millions  sterling. 
Law  made  himself  sole  creditor  of  this 
debt,  and  was  allowed  to  issue  ten  times 
the  amount  in  paper  money,  and  to 
open  *^the  Royal  Bank  of  France**  em- 
powered to  issue  this  paper  currency. 
So  long  as  a  20-franc  note  was  woith 
20  francs,  the  scheme  was  a  prodigious 
success,  but  immediately  tne  paper 
money  was  at  a  discount,  a  run  on  the 
bank  set  in,  and  the  whole  scheme 
burst. 

Mistletoe  Bongh  {The),  The 
song  so  called  is  by  Thomas  Haynes 
Bay  ley,  who  died  1839.  The  tale  is  this : 
Lord  Lovel  married  a  young  lady^  a 
baron's  daughter,  and  on  the  wedding 
night  the  bnde  proposed  that  the  guests 
should  play  "  hide-and-seek.**  The  bride 
hid  in  an  old  oak  chest,  and  the  lid, 
falling  down,  shut  her  in,  for  it  went 
with  a  spring-lock.  Lord  Lovel  sought 
her  that  night  and  sought  her  next  dav, 
and  so  on  K>r  a  week,  but  nowhere  could 
he  find  her.  Some  years  after,  the  old 
oak  chest  was  sold,  which,  on  being 
opened,  was  found  to  contain  Uie  skeleton 
of  the  bride. 

Rogers,  in  his  7to/y,  gives  the  same 
story,  and  calls  the  lady  **  Ginevra  **  of 
ModSna. 

^  Oollet,  in  his  Relics  of  Literature^  has  a 
similar  story. 

Another  is  inserted  in  the  Causee  C^i" 
bres, 

Marwell  Old  Hall  (near  Windiester), 
once  the  residence  of  the  Seymours,  and 
afterwards  of  the  Dacre  family,  has  a 
similar  tradition  attached  to  it,  and 
(according  to  the  Post-Office  Directory) 
**  the  very  diest  is  now  the  property  of 
the  Rev.  J.  Haygarth,  rector  of  Upham  ** 
(which  joins  Marwell). 

Bramshall,  Hampshire,  has  a  similar 
tale  and  chest. 

The  great  house  at  Malsanger,  near 
Basingstoke,  also  in  Hampshire,  has  a 
similar  tradition  connected  with  it. 

Mi'ta,  sister  of  Aude.  'She  married 
sir  Miton  de  Rennes,  and  became  the 
mother  of  Mitaine.  (See  next  ut«)— 
Oroquemitaine^  xv. 


MITAINE. 


648 


MOCK  DOCTOB. 


Mitaine,  daughter  of  Mita  and 
Miton,  and  godchild  of  Charlemagne. 
She  went  in  search  of  Fear  Fortress,  and 
found  that  it  existed  onlv  in  the  imagi- 
nation, for  as  she  boldlv  advan^ 
towards  it,  the  castle  gradoally  faded 
into  thin  air.  Qiarlemagne  made  Mi- 
taine,  for  this  achievement,  Roland's 
*squire,  and  she  fell  with  him  in  the 
memorable  attack  at  Roncesvall^s.  (See 
previous  art.) — Croquemitaine^  iiL 

ICite  {Sir  Matthew)^  a  returned  East 

Indian  merchant,  dissolute,  do^atical, 

ashamed  of   his    former  acquaintances, 

hating  the  aristocracy,  yet  longing  to  be 

acknowledged  by  them.    He  squanders 

his  wealth  on  toadies,  dresses  his  livery 

servants  most  gorgeously,  and  gives  his 

chairmen  the  most  costly  exotics  to  wear 

in  Uieir  coats.    Sir  Matthew  is  for  ever 

astonishing  weak  minds  with  his  talk 

about  rupees,  lacs,  iaghires,  and  so  on. — 

S.  Foote,  The  Nabob, 

Sir  John  Malcolm  ghret  m  a  latter  wortlnr  of  fir 
Matthew  Mite,  in  which  CUve  orden  "  SOO  dilrta.  the 
beet  and  InaA  that  can  be  got  for  lore  or  mootf.*'— 


Mlthra  or  ICithras.  a  supreme 
divinity  of  the  ancient  Persians,  con- 
founded by  the  Greeks  and  Romans  with 
the  sun.  He  is  the  personification  of 
Ormuzd,  representing  fecundity  and  per- 
petual renovation.  Mithra  is  represented 
as  a  voung  man  with  a  Phrygian  cap, 
a  tunic,  a  mantle  on  his  left  shoulder, 
and  Lunging  a  sword  into  the  neck  of  a 
bull.  Sc&Uger  says  the  word  means 
"greatest"  or  "supreme.*'  Mithra  is 
the  middle  of  the  triplasian  deity:  the 
Mediator,  Eternal  Intellect,  and  Archi- 
tect of  the  world. 

Her  towen,  when  Mithra  once  had  bomed. 
To  Moalem  ahrines— oh.  ahame!— were  turned; 
Where  ilaves.  converted  bf  tbe  eword. 
Their  mean  apostate  wonhip  poured. 
And  cotmI  the  failh  their  airee  adored. 
Moore,  lalla  JtoUk  ("Ihe  Fire- Wocdtippera,"  1817). 

Mith'xidate  (8  buL),  a  medicinal 
confection,  invented  by  Damoc'rat^, 
physician  to  Mithrida't^  kin^  of  Pontus, 
and  supposed  to  be  an  antidote  to  all 
poisons  and  conta^on.  '  It  contained 
scvcnty-two  ingredients.  Any  panacea 
is  called  a  "  miuiridate." 

Their  klnnnan  gartic  Iwing,  the  poor  man's  mithridatei 
Dra|rtOl^  FlwolHom,  xx.  (lS£t). 

MUh'ridate  (8  syl,),  a  tragedy  by  Racine 
(1678).  "  Monime"  (2  ttyl,),  in  this  drama, 
was  one  of  Mdlle.  Rachel's  great  charac- 
ters. 

Mithrida'tes  (4  s.v/.),  sumamed 
"the  Great.**    Being  conquered  by  the 


Romans,  he  tried  to  poison  himself,  bat 
poison  had  no  effect  on  him,  and  he  was 
slain  by  a  GauL  Mithridat^  was  active, 
intrepid,  indefatigable,  and  fruitful  in 
resources;  bnt  he   had  to  oppose  such 

fenerals  as  Sulla,  Lucullns,  and  Pomper. 
[is  ferocity  was  unbounded,  his  perfidy 
was  even  grand. 

*«*  Racine  has  written  a  French 
tragedy  on  the  subject,  called  Mithridate 
(1678);  and  N.  Lee  brought  out  his 
Mitkridatea  in  English  about  the  same 
time. 

Mizit  (/v.),  the  atMthecary  at  the 
Black  Dear  inn  at  Darlington. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Rob  Roy  (time,  George  I.). 

M.  HL  Sketch  (^n),  a  memonm- 

dum  sketoh. 

"Stajrjnet  a  mlnata,"mld  KcUr.  who  waa  making  aa 
M.  M.  aketdi  of  the  group.— &  H.  Buxton,  JtutU  nf 
Oe  PHnee't,  L  ISS. 

Mne'me  (2  sj//.).  a  well-spring  of 
BoM'tia,  whidi  (quickens  the  momory. 
The  other  wcll-sonng  in  the  same  vicinity^ 
called  Le'thi^  has  the  opposite  effect, 
causing  blimk  forgetfulness. — Pliny. 

DantS  calls  this  river  Eu'noS.  It  had 
the  power  of  calling  to  the  memory  aU 
the  good  acts  done,  all  the  graces  be- 
stowed, all  the  mercies  received,  but  no 
evil.— Dantd,  Purgatory,  xxxiii.  (1808). 

Mo'ath,  a  well-to-do  Bedouin,  father 
of  Onei'za  (8  »w/.)  the  beloved  of  Thal'- 
aba.  Onciza,  having  married  Thalaba, 
died  on  the  bridal  night,  and  Moath 
arrived  just  in  time  to  witness  the  mad 
grief  of  his  son-in-law.— Sonthey,  Thal^ 
aba  the  Destroyer,  iL,  viii.  (1797). 

Mocc'asiiiS,  an  Indian  buskin. 

He  koed  his  mocasins  Itie]  In  act  to  go. 
Oampbell,  Oerfnule  ^  Wjfoming,  L  S4  (lS8i). 

Mochingo,  an  ignorant  servant  of 
the  princess  Ero'ta.  —  Beaumont  and 
Fleteher,  The  Laws  of  Candy  (1647). 

Mook  Doctor  (,The\  a  farce  \»j 
H.  Fielding  (1738),  epitomized  from  Le 
M^dedn  Maigr€  Lui,  of  Moli^  (1666). 
Sir  Jasper  wants  to  make  his  daughter 
marry  a  Mr.  Dapper ;  but  she  is  in  love 
with  Leander,  and  pretends  to  be  dumb. 
Sir  Jasper  hears  of  a  dumb  doctor,  and 
sends  his  two  flunkies  to  fetch  him.  They 
ask  one  Dorcas  to  direct  them  to  him, 
and  she  points  them  to  her  husband 
Gre^ry,  a  faggot-maker ;  but  tells  them 
he  IS  very  eccentric,  and  must  be  well 
beaten,  or  he  will  deny  being  a  physician. 
The  fsggot-maker  is  accordingly  beaten 


MOCKING-BIRD, 


649 


MODRED. 


into  compliance,  and  taken  to  the  patient. 
He  soon  learos  the  facte  of  the  case,  and 
eoipioys  Leander  as  apoUiecary.  Lean- 
der  makes  the  lady  speak,  and  completes 
hia  care  with  "pills  matrimoniac.  Sir 
Jasper  takes  the  joke  in  good  part,  and 
becomes  reconciled  to  the  alliance. 

Mocking-Bird.  "  During  the  space 
of  a  minute,  I  have  heard  it  imitate  the 
woodlark,  chaffinch,  blackbird,  thrush, 
and  sparrow.  •  .  .  Their  few  natoral 
notes  reeemble  those  of  the  nightingale, 
but  their  song  is  of  greater  compass  and 
■lore  yazied.' —Ashe,  IhxveU  m  Amerioa^ 
ii.73. 

MoclaSy  a  ftunons  Arabian  robber, 
whose  name  is  synonymous  with  '* thief.** 
(See  Almanzor,  the  caliph,  p.  24.) 

Mode  (Sir  WUliam),  in  Mrs.  Cent- 
livre*s  drama  The  Beau's  Duei  (1703). 

Modelove  (Sir  Philip),  one  of  the 
foor  guardians  of  Anne  Lovely  the 
heiress.  Sir  Philip  is  an  '*  old  bean,  that 
has  May  in  his  fimcy  and  dress,  bat 
December  in  his  face  and  his  heels.  He 
admires  all  new  fashions  .  .  .  loves 
operas,  balls,  and  masquerades"  (act  i.  1). 
Colonel  Freeman  personates  a  French 
fop,  and  obtains  his  consent  to  marry  his 
ward,  the  heiress. — Mrs.  Centlirre,  A 
Boid  Stroke  for  a  Wife  {1117). 

Modely,  a  man  of  the  world,  gay. 
fsshionable,  and  a  libertine.  He  nad 
scores  of  **  lovers,**  but  never  loved  till 
he  saw  the  little  rustic  lass  named  Aura 
Freehold,  a  farmer's  daughter,  to  whom 
he  proposed  matrimony. — John  Philip 
Kemble,  The  Farm-houae. 

Modish  {Lady  Betty),  really  in  love 
with  lord  Morelove,  but  treats  him  with 
assumed  scorn  or  indifference,  because 
her  pride  prefers  **  power  to  ease." 
Hence  she  coquets  with  lord  Foppin^n 
(a  married  man),  to  mortify  Morelove 
and  arouse  his  Jealousy.  By  the  advice 
of  sir  Charles  Easy,  lord  Morelove  pays 
her  out  in  her  own  coin,  by  flirting  with 
lad^  Graveairs,  and  assuming  an  air  of 
indifference.  Ultimately,  lady  Betty  is 
reduced  to  common  sense,  and  gives  her 
heart  and  hand  to  lord  Morelove. — Colley 
Gbber,  The  Careless  Husband  (1704). 

Mrs.  Oldfleld  excellently  acted  "  lady 
BeUy  Modish**  (says  Walpole) ;  and 
T.  Davies  says  of  Mrs.  Pritchard  (1711- 
1768):  *'She  conceived  accurately  and 
acted  pleasantly  *lady  Townly,*  *lady 
Betty  Modish,*  and  *  Maria '  in  The  Non- 


«i 


furor,'     Mrs.  Blofield  is  called  "lady 
Betty  Modish'*  in  The  TaOer,  No.  z. 

Modo,  the  fiend  that  urges  to  murder, 
Mid  one  of  the  five  that  possessed  "  poor 
Tom.** — Shakespeare,  King  Lear^  act  iv. 
BC.  1  (1605). 

Modred*  son  of  Lot  king  of  Norway 
and  Anne  own  sister  of  king  Arthur 
(pt.  viii.  21 ;  ix.  9).  He  is  always  called 
**thc  traitor.**  While  king  Arthur  was 
absent,  warring  with  the  Romans,  Mo- 
dred  was  left  regent,  but  usurped  the 
crown,  and  married  his  aunt  the  queen 
(pt.  X.  18).  When  Arthurheard  thereof,  he 
returned,  and  attacked  the  usurper,  who 
fled  to  Winchester  (pt.  xi.  1).  The  king 
followed  him,  and  Modred  drew  up  his 
army  at  Cambula,  in  Cornwall,  where 
anoUier  battle  was  fought.  I  n  this  engage- 
ment Modred  was  slain,  and  Arthur  uso 
received  his  death-wound  (pt.  xi.  2).  The 
queen,  called  Guanhuma'ra  (but  better 
known  as  Guen'ever^,  retired  to  a  convent 
in  tiie  City  of  Legions,  and  entered  the 
order  of  Julius  the  Martyr  (pt.  xi.  1). — 
Geoffrey,  BrUish  History  (1142). 

%*  This  is  so  verv  different  to  the 
accounts  given  in  Arthurian  romance  of 
Mordred,  that  it  is  better  to  give  the 
two  names  as  if  ttiey  were  different 
individuals. 

Modred  (Sir),  nephew  of  king 
Arthur.  He  hated  sir  Lancelot,  and 
sowed  discord  among  the  knights  of  the 
Round  Table.  Tennyson  says  that 
Modred  **  tampered  with  the  lords  of 
the  White  Horse,**  the  brood  that  Hen- 

fist  left.  Geoffrey  of  Monmouth  says, 
e  made  a  league  with  Cheldric  the 
Saxon  leader  in  Germany,  and  promised 
to  give  him  all  that  part  of  England 
which  lies  between  the  Humber  and 
Scotland,  together  witii  all  that  Hengist 
and  Horsa  held  in  Kent,  if  he  would  aid 
him  ajcainst  king  Arthur.  Accordingly, 
Cheldric  came  over  with  800  ships,  filled 
**  with  pagan  soldiers  **  (British  History^ 
xi.  1). 

When  the  king  was  in  Brittany,  whither 
he  had  gone  to  chastise  sir  Lancelot  for 
adultery  witii  the  (jueen,  he  left  sir 
Modred  regent,  and  sir  Modred  raised  a 
revolt.  The  king  returned,  drew  up  his 
army  against  the  traitor,  and  in  this 
"  great  battle  of  the  West**  Modred  was 
slain,  and  Arthur  received  his  death- 
wound. — Tennyson,  Idylls  of  the  King 
("  Guinevere,*'  1858). 

***  This  version  is  in  accordance 
neiUier  with  Geoffrey  of  Monmouth  (see 


MODU. 


650 


MOHUN. 


previous  art.),  nor  with  Arthurian  romance 
(see  MoRDBED),  and  is,  therefore,  given 
separately. 

Modu,  the  prince  of  all  devils  that 
take  possession  of  a  human  being. 

MnMo  WM  the  chief  derO  UuU  had  pitmrnkm  of  Sarah 
WiUlama:  Imt  .  .  .  RiHiard  Maior  ww  molatad  bjr  a 
»tin  morv  considerable  Send  called  Modo.  .  .  .  Um 
prtnca  of  all  other  devik  — UanneCt,  DteUuratlom  nf 
PopUk  Jmpotturti.  96B. 

Modus,  cousin  of  Helen  ;  a  "  mnsty 
library,  who  loved  Greeic  and  Latin ; " 
but  cousin  Helen  loved  the  bookworm, 
and  tauf^ht  him  how  to  love  far  better 
than  Ovid  could  with  his  Art  of  Love. 
Having  so  good  a  teacher,  Modus  became 
an  apt  scholar,  and  eloned  with  cousin 
Helen.— S.Knowles,  TheHunchback  (1831). 

Moe'chUB,  Adultery  personified :  one 
of  the  four  sons  of  Caro  {fleshly  lust). 
His  brothers  were  Pomei'us  (fomtcation), 
Acath'arus,  and  Asel'g^s  {lascwwusrwss). 
In  the  battle  of  Mansonl,  Moechus  is  slain 
by  Agnci'a  {vifely  chastity)^  the  s|K)U8e 
of  Kncra'tes  (temperance)  and  sister  of 
Parthen'ia  {maidenly  chastity),  (Greek, 
moichos,  "  an  adulterer.*') — Phineas  Flet- 
cher, Th€  Pttrple  Island^  xl  (1633). 

MOBli'adea  (4  syl.).  Under  this  name 
AViiliam  l)rummond  signalized  Henry 
prince  of  Wales,  eldest  son  of  James  I., 
in  the  monody  entitled  Tears  on  the  Death 
of  Mwliades.  The  word  is  an  anagram 
of  Miles  a  Deo,  The  prince,  in  his  mas- 
querades and  martial  sports,  used  to  call 
himself  "  Mceliadgs  of  the  Isles." 

Moellad««^  bright  dar-*tar  of  Uw  Weat 
W.  Dnunmond.  T«art  on  tht  Dratk  t^  MaHaUS$  (1<1S)> 

The  burden  of  the  monodv  is : 

Maelladta  tweet  coartfy  nrnipha  deplora. 
From  Tliuld  to  HydanpAr  pearij  short. 

MofPat  (Mabel)^  domestic  of  Edward 
Rcdgauntlet.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Redgauntlet 
(time,  George  III.). 

Moha'di  {Mahommed)^  the  twelfth 
imaum,  whom  the  Orientals  believe  is 
not  dead,  but  is  destined  to  return  and 
combat  Antichrist  before  the  consum- 
mation of  all  things. 

*^^*  Prince  Arthur,  Merlin,  Charle- 
magne, liarbarossa,  dom  Sebastian, 
Charles  V.,  Elijah  Mansiir,  Desmond  of 
Kilmallock,  etc.,  are  traditionally  not 
dead,  but  only  sleeping  till  the  fulness 
of  time,  when  each  will  awake  and  effect 
most  wondrous  restorations. 

Mohair  {The  Men  of)^  the  citizens  of 
France, 

Tb«  men  of  mohair,  a«  the  citizeiu  ware  oalled.— 
.Icr'MM  dbrMi,  Till. 


Molia'reby  one  of  the  e\il  spirits  of 
Dom-Daniel,  a  cave  "  under  the  roots  of 
tlie  ocean.*'  It  was  given  out  that  these 
spirits  would  be  extirpated  by  one  of 
the  family  of  Hodei'rsh  (3  sy/.),  so  they 
learned  against  the  whole  race.  First, 
Okoa  was  sent  against  the  obnoxious 
race,  and  succeeded  in  killing  eight  of 
them,  ThaFaba  alone  having  escaped 
alive.  Next,  Abdaldar  was  sent  against 
Thalaba,  but  was  killed  by  a  simoom. 
Then  LobalMi  was  sent  to  cut  him  oif, 
but  perished  in  a  whirlwind.  Lastly, 
Mohareb  undertook  to  destroy  him.  He 
assumed  the  guise  of  a  warrior,  and  soe- 
ceeded  in  alluring  the  youth  to  the  very 
"mouth  of  hell^**  but  Thalaba,  being 
alive  to  the  deceit,  flung  Mohareb  into 
the  abyss. — Southey,  Inalaba  the  De- 
stroyer,  V.  (1797). 

Mohicans  (L€ut  of  the),  Uncas  the 
Indian  ehief,  son  of  Chingachook,  and 
called  *•  Doerfoot.'* — J.  P.  Cooper,  The 
Last  of  the  Mohicans  (a  novel,  1826). 

The  word  onght  to  be  pronounced 
Mo.he¥,kanZf  but  is  usually  called  Mo'.~ 
hi,kanz, 

Mohocks,  a  class  of  mflians  who  at 
one  time  infested  Uie  streets  of  London. 
So  called  from  the  Indian  Mohocks.  At 
the  Restoration,  the  street  bullies  were 
called  Mnns  and  Tityre  Tus ;  they  were 
next  called  Hectors  and  Scourers  ;  later 
still,  Nickers  and  Hawcabites ;  and  lastly, 
Mohocks. 

Nofw  b  the  thne  that  rakas  their  rereb  keep, 
KliMUen  of  rfet.  enemlee  of  aloep : 
HI*  tcatiered  pence  the  ■jrtng  Nidur  fbifi. 
And  with  the  copper  ibower  the  eaanuMit  riiis>; 
Who  has  not  heard  the  Scowerer*!  midnlgiht  bmet 
Who  has  not  trembled  at  the  Mohork'a  uame  t 

Gajr.  TrMa,  IS.  3S1.  elc  (1711^. 

Mohan  (ZorcOf  the  person  who 
joined  captain  Hill  in  a  dastardly  attack 
on  the  actor  Monntford  on  his  way  to 
Mrs.  Broc^irdle*s  house,  in  Howard 
Street.  Captain  Hill  was  jealous  of 
Mountford,  and  induced  lord  Mohun  to 
join  him  in  this  **  valiant  exploit.** 
Mountford  died  next  day,  captain  Hill 
fled  from  the  country,  and  Mohun  was 
tried  but  acquitted. 

The  general  features  of  this  cowardly 
attack  are  very  like  that  of  the  count 
Koningsmark  *on  Thomas  Thynne  of 
Lingleate  Hill.  Count  Koningsmark  was 
in  love  with  Elizabeth  Percy  (widow  of 
the  carl  of  Ogle),  who  was  contracted  to 
Mr.  Th^mne ;  but  before  the  wedding 
day  arrived,  the  count,  with  some  hired 
ruffians,    assassinated   his   rival   in  hia 


MOIDART. 


651 


MOLOCH. 


carmge  ai  it  was   pMsing  down  Pall 

\*  Elizabeth  Percy,  within  three 
monUis  of  tiie  murder,  married  the  dake 
of  Somerset. 

Moldart  (John  of),  captain  of  the 
clan  Ronald,  and  a  chic^  in  the  army  of 
Montrose. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Legend  of 
Montrose  (time«  Charles  I.). 

Moi'na  (2  ^/.),  daughter  of  Reutha'- 
mir  the  principal  man  of  Balclu'tlia,  a 
town  on  the  Clyde,  belonging  to  the 
Britons.  Moina  married  Clessammor 
(fh»  matOToal  uncle  of  Fingal),  and  died 
m  diildbirth  of  her  son  CMthon,  daring 
the  absence  of  her  hu8band.--0s6ian, 
Carthon, 

Mokaxma,  the  name  given  to  Hakem 
ben  Haschem,  from  a  silver  gauze 
veil  worn  by  him  **  to  dim  the  lustre  of 
his  face,**  or  rather  to  hide  its  extreme 
ugliness.  The  history  of  this  impostor 
is  given  by  D'Herbelot,  Bibliotheque 
Orientcde  (1697). 

%*  Mokanna  forms  the  first  story  of 
Laila  Rookh  (**The  Veiled  Prophet  of 
Khorassan  '*),  by  Thomas  Moore  (1817). 

Mokattam  {Mount),  near  Cairo 
(E^pt),  noted  for  the  massacre  of  the 
cabph    Hakem    B*amr-ellah,    who   was 

E'ven  out  to  be  incarnate  deity  and  the 
Bt  prophet  who  communicated  between 
God  and  man  (eleventh  century).  Here, 
also,  fell  in  the  same  massacre  his  chief 
prophet,  and  many  of  his  followers.  In 
consequence  of  this  persecution,  Durzi, 
one  <rf  the  ** prophets**  chief  apostles, 
led  the  survivors  mto  Svria,  where  they 
settled  between  the  Libanns  and  Anti- 
Ubanus,  and  took  the  name  of  Durzb 
corrupted  into  Druses. 

As  the  khalff  ▼snWMd  ent. 
In  vfaat  nemed  dsMh  to  aiiliwtnieted  «|rM^ 
On  nd  MoknUuif a  TCtsa. 
Botort  Brownlos.  Th*  JUtum  9/  CM  ZtatMM,  L 

Molav  (JaoqHeB),  grand-master  of 
the  Rni^ks  Templars,  as  he  was  led  to 
the  stake,  summoned  the  pope  (Clement 
y.)  within  forty  days,  and  the  king 
(Philippe  IV.)  within  forty  weeks,  to 
appear  before  Uie  throne  of  God  to  answer 
for  his  death.  They  both  died  within 
the  stated  periods.  (See  Summons  to 
Death.) 

Moliere  {The  Italian),  Charlo  Gol- 
doni  (1707-1798). 

Moliere  {The  ^ani$h),  Leandro  Fer> 
nandez  Moratin  (1760-1828). 

Moll  Cutpurse,  Mary  Frith,  who 


once  attacked  general  Fairfax  on  Houn^ 
low  Heath. 

MoU  Flanders,  a  woman  of  great 
beauty,  bom  in  the  Old  Bailey.  She 
was  twelve  years  a  courtezan,  five  years 
a  wife,  twelve  ]rears  a  thief,  eight  years  a 
convict  in  Virginia ;  but  ultimately  grew 
rich,  and  died  a  penitent  in  Uie  reign  of 
Charles  II. 

*^*  Daniel  Defoe  wrote  her  life  and 
adventures,  which  he  called  The  Ihrtunes 
of  Moll  Flanders  (1722). 

MoUy,  Jaggers's  housekeeper.  A 
mysterious,  scared-looking  woman,  witii 
a  deep  scar  across  one  of  her  wrists. 
Her  antecedents  were  full  of  mystery, 
and  Pip  suspected  her  of  being  &tella*s 
mother. — C.  Dickens,  Great  Expectationa 
(1860). 

MoUy  ICaggs,  a  pert  young  house- 
maid, in  love  wiUi  Kobin.  She  hates 
Polyglot  the  tutor  of  "  Master  Charies,'* 
but  is  ver}'  fond  of  Charles.  Molly  tries 
to  get  **the  tuterer  Polypot*'  into  a 
scrape,  but  finds,  to  her  consternation, 
that  Master  Charles  is  in  reality  the 
party  to  be  blamed. — J.  Poole,  The 
Scapegoat, 

Molly  Maguires,  stout,  active 
young  men  dressed  up  in  women^s 
clothes,  with  faces  blackened,  or  other- 
wise disguised.  This  secret  society  was 
organized  in  1843,  to  terrify  the  officials 
employed  by  Iririi  landloids  to  distrain 
for  rent,  either  by  grippers  (bumbailiffs), 
process-servers,  keepers,  or  drivers  (joer- 
9ons  toho  impound  cattle  till  the  rent  is 
pa«f).— W.  S.  Trench,  RealUies  of  Irish 
Life,  82. 

MoUy  Mog,  an  innkeeper's  daughter 
at  Oakingham,  tierks.  Molly  Mog  was 
the  toast  of  all  the  gay  sparks  m  the 
former  half  of  the  eighteentii  century; 
but  died  a  spinster  at  the  age  of  67 
(1699-1766). 

*^*  Gay  has  a  ballad  on  this  Fair  Maid 
of  the  Inn,  Mr.  Standen  of  Arborfield, 
the  "enamoured  swain,**  died  in  1730. 
Molly*s  sister  was  quite  as  beautiful  as 
'Hbe  fair  maid**  herself.  A  portrait  of 
Gay  still  hangs  in  Oakingham  mn. 

Molmu'tiiis.    (See  Mulmutius.) 

Moloch  (ch  =  k),  the  third  in  rank 
of  the  Satanic  hicnrcJiy,  Satan  being  first, 
and  Beelzebub  second.  The  word  means 
**king.**  The  rabbins  say  the  idol  was 
of   brass,    with    the   head    of    a   calf* 


MOLT.  662 


Molock  was  the  god  of  the  Am'monitet 

(8  tyl,)j  and  was  worshipped  in  Rabba, 

their  chief  city. 

Flnt  Mdloeh.  koRM  kli«  kMMMvi  vllh  Mm« 
or  iMaian  Mollea,  aad  iMHWtrigBn, 
IboMgh.  for  tiM  notw  of  dnmm  and  thnlmli  load, 
Tbdr  eliildr«i'«  trim  aalMari.  that  yunA  tkroT  ftro 
TobbflrfanM^    HIm  tlw  AmwwIu 
Wonluppod  ill  RmMml 

MJItom  PmrmMlm  Lmtl,  L  m  ole.  OSM). 

Moly  (Greek,  mSlu)^  mentioned  in 
Homer*8  Odpssey.  A  herb  with  a  black 
root  and  white  blossom,  given  by  Herm^ 
to  Ulysses,  to  counteract  the  spells  of 
Circd.    (See  H^bmont.) 

...  that  UVtf 
1h«t  Honalt  OBO*  lo  wto  UlfMM  ipr*. 

Mnton,  C^wMtf  (1«U)l 
Tho  root  WM  Mack. 
MOk.wlitothobkMnai:  MMjIiltiMaM 
laboavMi. 

Hoocr,  Odgnej/,  x.  (Oowper'f  tnun.). 

Mommur^  the  capital  of  the  empire 
of  Oberon  king  of  the  fairies.  It  is 
here  he  held  his  court. 

MomuB'8  Iiattioe.    Momns,  son  of 

Nox,  blamed  Vulcan,  because,  in  making 

the  human  form,  he  had  not  placed  a 

window  in  the  breast  for  the  discerning 

of  secret  thou^ts. 

W«e  Monwr  kttln  In  om  hnutK 

My  wml  might  brook  to  open  it  moro  wlde^ 

Hum  tbdn  [i.0.  l*«  noMot). 

BjrrDD,  Wtmtr,  ttL  1  (ISB). 

Mon  or  Mona»  Anglesea,  the  resi- 
dence of  the  druids.  Suetonius  Paulfnus, 
who  had  the  command  of  Britain  in  the 
reign  of  Nero  (from  a.d.  69  to  62),  attacked 
Mona^  because  it  gave  succour  to  the 
rebellious.  The  frantic  inhabitants  ran 
about  with  fire-brands,  their  long  hair 
streaming  to  the  wind,  and  the  dmids 
invoked  vengeance  on  tiie  Roman  army. 
— See  Drayton,  Polyolbion,  viii.  (1612). 

*V*  **  Mona  *'  is  the  Latinized  form  of 
the  British  word  mdn-au  (**reftiote  isle"). 
The  **  Isle  of  Man "  is  Jfon^u  or  mona 
(**  remote  isle**)  corrupted  by  misconcep- 
tion of  the  meaning  of  the  word. 

Mon'aoo  (l^ie  king  of),  noted  because 
whatever  he  did  was  never  right  in  Uie 
opinion  of  his  people,  especiaUy  in  that 
of  Rabagas  the  demagogue:  If  he  went 
out,  he  was  **  given  to  pleasure ;  **  if  he 
stayed  at  home,  he  was  **  given  to  idle- 
ness ; "  if  he  declared  war,  he  was 
"wasteful  of  the  public  money;"  if  he 
did  not,  he  was  '*  pusillanimous :  **  if  he 
ate^  he  was  "  self-induI^cnt ; "  if  he  ab- 
stained, he  was  '*  pnest-ridden." — M. 
Sardon,  Habagas  (1872). 

Monaco,  Proud  as  a  Monegasqw,  A 
French    phrase.     The  tradition  is  that  | 


MONET. 

Charles  Quint  ennobled  crery  one  of  tiie 
inhabitants  of  Monaco. 

Monarch  of  Mont  BUuie*  Albert 
Smith ;  so  caUed  becaose  for  many  years 
he  amused  a  large  London  aodieace,  night 
after  night,  by  relating  "his  ascent  vp 
Mont  Blanc**  (1816-1860). 

Monarque  {Le  Grand),  Louis  XIY. 
of  France  (1638,  1643-1716). 

Monastery  {The),  a  novel  by  sir  W. 
Scott  (1820).  The  Abbot  appeared  Ae 
same  year.  These  two  stories  are  tame 
and  very  defective  in  plot ;  but  the  dia- 
racter  of  Mary  queen  of  Scots,  in  Th$ 
Abbot,  is  a  correct  and  beaatifol  historical 
portrait.  The  portrait  of  queen  Eliaabedi 
IS  in  Keniltporth* 

Mon9ada  (Matthiat  de),  a  nercfaant, 
stem  and  relentless.  He  arrests  his 
daughter  the  day  after  her  confinement 
of  a  natural  son. 

Ziiia  de  Mon^ada,  dancditer  of  Mat^iaa, 
and  wife  of  general  Witherington. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  The  Surgeon'e  Daughter  (time, 
(yeorge  II.). 

Monoaster.  Newcastle,  in  Northum- 
berland, was  BO  called  from  the  number  of 
monks  settled  there  in  Saxon  times.  The 
name  was  changed,  in  1080,  to  New-castle, 
from  the  castle  built  by  Robert  (son  of 
the  Onqueror),  to  defoid  the  borderiand 
from  the  Scotdi. 

Monda'nxim  maize  or  Indian  com 

{mon-da-min,  "  the  Spirit*s  grain  **). 

Sing  tlM  mjfitBHM  of  noDdamla. 
ttng  tho  bleMiag  of  the  eonHflftt. 

Loa^^Qov,  Mktmaaa,  zHL  (18BB). 

Mone'ses  (3  sy/.),  a  Greek  prince, 
betrothed  to  Arpasia^  whom  for  the 
nonce  he  called  his  sister.  Both  were 
taken  captive  by  Baj'azet.  Bajazet  fell 
in  love  with  Arpasia,  and  gave  MonCste 
a  command  in  his  army.  When  Tamer- 
lane overthrew  Bajazet,  MonesSs  ex- 
plained to  the  Tartar  king  how  it  was 
that  he  was  found  in  arms  against  him, 
and  said  his  best  wish  was  to  serve 
Tamerlane.  Bajazet  now  hated  the 
Greek ;  and,  as  Arpasia  proved  obdurate, 
thought  to  frighten  her  into  compliance 
by  having  Mones^  bow-strung  in  her 
presence;  but  the  sight  was  so  terrible 
that  it  killed  her. — N.  Rowe,  Tamerlane 
(1702). 

Money,  a  drama,  by  lord  K  L.  B. 
Lytton  (1840).  Alfred  Evelyn,  a  poor 
scholar,  was  secretary  and  factotum  of 
sir  John  Yesey,  but  received  no  wages. 


MONETTRAP. 


653 


MONKBARNS. 


He  loved  Clara  Donglaa,  a  poor  de- 
pendent of  lady  Franklin,  proposed  to  her, 
Dot  was  not  accepted,  **  because  both 
were  too  poor  to  keep  house."  A  large 
fortune  being  left  to  the  poor  scholar,  he 
proposed  to  Ueorgina,  the  daughter  of  sir 
John  Vesey:  but  Ueorgina  loved  sir 
Frederick  Blount,  and  married  him. 
Evelyn,  wlu>  loved  Clara,  pretended  to 
have  lost  his  fortune,  and,  being  satisfied 
that  she  really  loved  him,  proposed  a 
second  time,  and  was  accepted. 

Moneytrap,  husband  of  Araminta, 
but  with  a  tentu^  for  Clarissa  the  wife  of 
his  friend  Gripe. — Sir  John  Vanbrugh, 
Ihe  Gmfederacy  (1695). 

]r«a0  wb»  enr  mem  Twnataa  [171S-17SB]  . . .  oa  foftt 
kk  t/Stedf  mode  of  odklmlns.  while  lept—otlng  die 
dmnam  of  the  •mumm  old  " Mone>tra|».''  "BhI  hov 
kii«  wffl  U  be.  FliMMatet'-G  UbdiB. 

Monflathers  {Miu\  mistress  of  a 
boarding  and  day  establishment,  to  whom 
Mrs.  Jarley  sent  little  NelL  to  ask  her  to 

C^ronize  ttie  wax-work  collection.  B£iss 
onflathers  received  the  child  with  fri^d 
▼iitne,  and  said  to  her,  "  Don't  yon  think 
you  must  be  very  wicked  to  be  a  wax- 
work child  ?  Don't  you  know  it  is  very 
naughty  to  be  a  wax  child  when  you 
mi^t  have  the  proud  consciousness  of 
assisting,  to  the  extent  of  your  infant 
powers,  the  noble  manufactures  of  }'our 
country?"      One  of  the  teachers  here 

chimed  in  with  "  How  doth  the  little ;" 

but  Miss  Monflathers  remarked,  with  an 
indignant  frown,  Uiat  **the  little  busy 
bee  applied  only  to  genteel  children,  and 
the  "works  of  labour  and  of  skill"  to 
painting  and  embroidery,  not  to  vulgar 
children  and  wax-work  riiows. — Chanes 
Dickens,  The  Old  Curiosity  Shop,  xxxi. 
(1840). 

Monfbrd,  the  lover  of  Charlotte 
Whimsey.  He  plans  various  devices  to 
hoodwink  her  old  tether,  in  order  to  elope 
with  the  daughter.— James  Cobb,  The 
Fa-at  Floor  (1756-1818). 

MoniXDie  (2  ^/.),  in  Raeine's  trsgedy 
of  MUkridate.  This  was  one  of  MdUe. 
Bacbd's  great  diaiacters,  first  performed 
by  her  in  1888. 

Monlxn'ia,  "the  orphan,"  sister  of 
CSiamont  and  ward  of  lord  Acasto. 
Monimia  was  in  love  with  Acasto's  son 
Castalio,  and  privately  married  him. 
Polydore  fthe  brother  of  Castalio)  also 
loved  her,  but  his  love  was  dishonourable 
love.  By  treacherjr,  Polydore  obtained 
admission  to  Monimia's  chamber,  and 
passed  the  Imdal  ni^  with  her,  Monimia 


supposing  him  to  be  her  husband;  but 

when  next  day  she  discovered  the  deceit, 

she  [>oisoned  herself ;  and  Polydore,  being 

apprised  that  Monimia  was  his  brothera 

wife,  provoked  a  quarrel  with  him,  ran 

on  his  brother's  sword,  and  died.— Otway, 

The  Orphan  (1680). 

More  Umn  hare  beea  ibed  for  the  lorrowe  of  "  Behl* 
dfce"  UKl  "Moubnhi."  Umu  for  Uioee  oT  "Juliet "end 
W.  Soott.  Th*  Drmma. 


Jfomm'iay  in  Smollett's  novel  of  Count 
Fathom  (1754). 

MonipUoB  {Richie)^  the  honest,  self- 
willed  Scotch  servant  of  lord  Nigel  Oli- 
faunt  of  Glenvarloeh.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Fortunes  of  Nigel  (time,  James  I.). 

Monk  {Oeneral),  introduced  bv  sir 
Walter  Scott  in  Woodstock  (time,  torn- 
monwealth). 

Monk  (The  Bird  Singing  to  a).  The 
monk  is  Felix,  who  listened  to  a  bird  for 
a  hundred  years,  and  thought  the  time 
only  an  hour. — Longfellow,  The  Golden 
Legend,  iL  (1851). 

Monk  {The),  a  novel,  by  Bfatthew  G. 
Uwis  (1794). 

Monk  Lewis,  Matthew  Gregory 
Lewis;  so  called  from  his  novel  (177^ 
1818). 

Monk  of  Buiy,  John  Lydgate,  poet, 
who  wrote  the  Siege  of  Trou,  the  Story  of 
Thebes,  and  the  Fail  of  Princes  (1375- 
1460). 

Nothjmfe  I  am  enerte  In  poetry. 
Aa  the  moake  of  iluiy.  Soma  of  <' 
Stepheo  Haweib  r*«  JStim  ttfmt  9/ 


Monk  of  Westminster,  Richard 
of  Cirencester,  the  chronicler  (fourteenth 
century). 

This  chronicle.  On  the  Ancient  State  of 
Britain,  was  first  brought  to  light  in 
1747,  by  Dr.  Charles  Julius  Bertram, 
professor  of  English  at  Copenhagen ;  but 
the  original  being  no  better  known  than 
tiiat  of  Thomas  Rowley's  poems,  pub- 
lished by  Chatterton,  grave  suspicions 
exist  that  Dr.  Bertram  was  himself  the 
author  of  the  chronicle. 

Monks  (The  Father  of),  Ethelwold  of 
Winchester  (*-984). 

Monks,  alias  Edward  Leeford.  a  violent 
man,  subject  to  fits.  Edward  Leeford, 
though  half-brother  to  Oliver  Twist,  was 
in  collusion  with  Bill  Sikes  to  ruin  him. 
Failing  in  this,  he  retired  to  America, 
and  died  in  jail.— O.  Dickens,  Oliver 
I^oist  (1837). 

Monkbams  {Laird  of),  Mr.  Jonathan 


HONKER  AND  NAKIR. 


654 


MONT  ROGNON. 


Oldbuck,  the  antiquary. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
The  Antiquary  (time,  George  III.)* 

Mon'ker  and  NaMr  [Na.keer*], 
the  two  examiners  of  the  dead,  who  put 

auestions  to  departed  spirita  respectmi? 
Iieir  belief  in  God  and  Mahomet,  and 
award  their  state  in  after-life  according 
to  their  answers. — Al  Koran. 

**  Do  yoa  not  IM  Umm  ipcctrei  that  an  iHrTlng  tb« 
burning  coals  ?  Art  tbey  Monkir  and  NaUr  oome  to 
throw  ns  bito  then?"— W.  Beckfonl.  ratMt  (1788). 

Monmouth,  the  surname  of  Henry 
y.  of  EngUnd,  who  was  bom  in  that 
town  (1388,  14ia-1422). 

*«*  Mon-mouth  is  the  mouth  of  the 
Monnow, 

Monmouth  {The  duke  of)^  commander- 
Sn-chief  of  the  royal  army. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Old  Mortality  (time,  Charles  II.). 

*«*  The  duke  of  Monmouth  was  nick- 
named '*The  Little  Duke,**  because  he 
was  diminutive  in  size.  Having  no  name 
of  his  own,  he  took  that  of  his  wife, 
**  Scott,**  countess  of  Buccleuch.  Pep^'s 
says :  **  It  is  reported  that  the  king  will 
be  tempted  to  set  the  crown  on  the  Little 
Duke  **  {Diary,  seventeenth  century). 

Monmouth  Caps.  "The  best  caps** 
(says  Fuller,  in  his  Worthies  of  Wtues, 
60)  **were  formerly  made  at  Monmouth, 
where  the  0appen*8  Chapel  doth  still 
remain.** 

Tba  aoUUen  that  tha  MonMooUi  wear. 
Oa  CMUe  top  thalr  euinw  ivar. 

Kaad.  Th*  Cap*  fXKi), 

Monmouth  Street  (London),  called 
after  the  duke  of  Monmouth,  natural  son 
of  Qiarles  II.,  executed  for  rebellion  in 
1686.    It  is  now  called  Dudley  Street. 

Mon'nema,  wife  of  Quia'ra,  the  only 
persons  of  the  whole  of  the  GuArani  race 
who  escaped  the  small-pox  plague  which 
ravaged  that  part  of  Paraguay.  They 
left  the  fatal  spot,  and  settled  in  the 
Mondai  woods.  Here  they  had  one  son 
YerQti,  and  one  daughter  Mooma,  but 
Qui&ra  was  killed  by  a  jagtiar  before  the 
latter  was  bom.  MonnSma  left  the 
Mondai  woods,  and  went  to  live  at  St. 
Jofichin,  in  Paraguay,  but  soon  died  from 
Uie  effects  of  a  house  and  citv  life. — 
Southey,  A  Tale  of  Paraguay  (18*14). 

Monomot'apa,  an  empire  of  South 
Africa,  joining  Mozambique. 

Ah,  air.  jrou  never  saw  the  Ganfto  \ 
Tbflra  dwaa  tha  nation  of  Ouldntmkii 
(So  MopoaMMapacaila  monkeiri). 

Mononia»  Munster,  in  Ireland. 


Mooooia,  whcQ  natnra  ambelUsbad  the  tbit 
or  tliy  flekb  and  thy  moantahti  to  Ikir, 

Did  die  ever  intend  that  a  ^rrant  ihoald  prtDt 
TIm  footitep  of  daTcry  there? 
T.  Moore.  hrUk  Melodtm,  1.  ("  War  Sons."  1814). 

Monsieur,  Philippe  due  d*0rl^an8, 
brother  of  Louis  XIV.  (1674-1728). 

*«*  Other  gentlemen  were  Mons.  A  oi 
Mons.  B,  but  the  regent  vras  Mons.  with- 
out an^  adjunct. 

Similarly,  the  daughter  of  the  due  de 
CThartres  (the  regent's  grandson)  was 
Mademoiselle. 

Monsieur  le  Coa4Juteur,  Paul 
de  Gondi,  afterwards  cardinal  de  Betic 
(1614-1679). 

«  • 

Monsieur  le  due,  Loois  Henri  de 
Bourbon,  eldest  son  ci  the  prince  de 
Cond€  (1692-1740). 

Monsieur  Thomas,  a  drama  by 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher  (1619). 

Monsieur  Tonson,  a  farce  by 
Moncrieff.  Jack  Ardourly  falls  in  love 
with  Adolphine  de  Courc^  in  the  street, 
and  gets  Tom  King  to  assist  in  ferreting 
her  out.  Tom  King  discovers  that  his 
sweeting  lives  in  the  house  of  a  French 
refugee,  a  barber,  named  Mon.  Morblen ; 
but  not  knowing  the  name  of  the  young 
lad^,  he  inc|uireB  for  Mr.  Hiomnson, 
hoping  to  pick  up  information.  Mon. 
Morbleu  says  no  Mon.  Tonson  lives  in 
the  house,  but  only  Mde.  Bellegarde  and 
Mdlle.  Adolphine  de  Gourcy.  The  old 
Frenchman  is  driven  almost  crazy  by 
different  persons  inouiring  for  Mon.  Ton- 
son  ;  but  ultimately  Jack  Ardourly  marries 
Adolphine,  whose* mother  is  Mrs.  Thomp- 
son aJEter  alL 

Taylor  wrote  a  drama  of  the  same  title 
in  1767. 

Monster  {The)^  Renwick  Williams, 
a  wretch  who  used  to  prowl  about  London 
by  night,  armed  with  a  double-edged 
knife,  with  which  he  mutilated  women. 
He  was  condemned  July  8, 1790. 

Mont  Dieu,  a  solitary  mound  close 
to  Dumfermline,  owes  its  origin,  accord- 
ing to  story,  to  some  unfortunate  monks 
who,  by  way  of  penance,  carried  the  sand 
in  baskets  from  the  sea-shore  at  Inver- 
ness. 

At  Linton  is  a  fine  conical  hill  attri- 
buted to  two  sisters,  nuns,  who  were 
compelled  to  pass  the  whole  of  the  sand 
through  a  sieve,  by  way  of  penance,  to 
obtain  pardon  for  some  crime  committed 
by  their  brother. 

Mont  Bognon  (Baron  oO>  a  giuit 


MONT  ST.  JEAN. 


655 


MONT£SINOS. 


of  eoorraous  strength  and  insatiable  appe- 
tite. He  was  bandy-legged,  had  an 
elastic  stomach,  and  four  rows  of  teeth. 
He  was  a  paladin  of  Charlemagne,  and 
one  of  the  four  sent  in  search  of  Croque- 
mitainc  and  Fear  Fortress. — Croquemi- 
taine, 

Mont  St.  Jean  or  Waterloo.  So- 
andso  uxu  my  Mont  St,  Jean^  means  it 
was  my  ocntp  ae  gracgy  my  final  blow,  the 
end  of  the  end. 


Jaan  «m  mr  Motoov  itmmtnQ-polMf],  and  Falloro 

Mj  Leipde  idowmfaa^  sod  mj  Mont  St.  Jean  wsma 
Gain. 

ftrroo,  Don  Juan,  zL  86  (18M). 

Mont  St.  Michel,  in  Normandy. 
Here  nine  dmidesses  used  to  sell  arrows 
to  sailors  to  charm  away  storms.  The 
arrows  had  to  be  discharged  by  a  young 
man  25  years  of  age. 

The  Laplanders  drove  a  profitable  trade 
by  selling  winds  to  sailors.  Even  so  late 
as  1814,  Bessie  Millie,  of  PomOna  (Ork- 
ney Islands),  helped  to  eke  out  a  liveli- 
hood by  selling  winds  for  sixnence. 

Eric  king  of  Sweden  could  make  the 
winds  blow  from  any  quarter  ho  liked  by 
a  turn  of  his  cap.  Hence  he  was  nick- 
named "  Windy  Cap." 

Mont  Tr^sor,  in  France ;  so  called 
by  Gontran  ''the  Good,"  king  of  Bur- 
gundy (sixteenth  century).  One  day, 
weary  with  the  chase,  Gontran  laid  hini- 
setf  down  near  a  small  river,  and  fell 
asleep.  The  *squire,  who  watched  his 
master,  saw  a  liUle  animal  come  from  the 
king's  mouth,  and  walk  to  the  stream, 
over  which  the  'squire  laid  bis  sword,  and 
the  aninud,  running  across,  entered  a  hole 
in  the  mountain.  When  Gontran  was 
told  of  this  incident,  he  said  he  had 
dreamt  that  he  crossed  a  bridge  of  steel, 
and,  having  entered  a  cave  at  the  foot  of 
a  mountain,  entered  a  palace  of  gold. 
Gontran  employed  men  to  undermine  the 
hill,  and  found  there  vast  treasures,  which 
he  emploved  in  works  of  charity  and  re- 
ligion. In  order  to  commemorate  this 
event,  he  called  tiie  hill  Mont  Tr^sor. — 
Claud  Paradin,  Symboia  Heroica, 

\*  This  story  has  been  ascribed  to 
anmerous  persons. 

Mon'tagn^e  (3  sy/.),  head  of  a  noble 
house  in  Yerima,  at  feudal  enmity  with 
the  house  of  C4ipfilet.  Komeo  belonged 
to  the  fonuer,  and  Juliet  to  the  latter 
house. 

Lady  Montague^  wife  of  lord  Montague, 
and  mother  of  Uomeo.  —  Shakespeare, 
Borneo  and  Juliet  (1698). 


Montalban. 

Bon  Kyrie  Elyson  de  Montalban^  a  hero 
of  romance,  in  the  History  of  Tirante  t/te 
White. 

Thomas  de  Montalban^  brother  of  don 
Kyrie  Elyson,  in  the  same  romance  of 
chivalry. 

Binaldode  Montalban.  a  hero  of  romance, 
in  the  Mirror  of  Knighthood,  from  which 
woric  both  Bojardo  and  Ariosto  have 
largely  borrowed, 

Mon'talban'j  now  called  Montauban  (a 
contraction  of  Mons  Alba'ntis),  in  France, 
in  the  department  of  Tam-et-Garonne. 

Jougtad  In  AipfamoBt  or  Mon'talban'. 

MUlon.  Faradttt  Lott,  i.  888  (1865). 

Moutid'ban  (I'he  count),  in  love  with 
Volants  (tf  syl,)  daughter  of  Baltha/Jir. 
In  order  to  sound  her,  the  count  disguised 
himself  as  a  father  confessor;  but  Vo- 
lant§  detected  the  trick  instantly,  and 
said  to  him,  '*  Come,  come,  count,  pull  off 
your  lion^s  hide,  and  confess  yourself  an 
ass."  However,  as  Volant^  reafly  loved 
him,  all  came  right  at  lasE. — J.  Tobin, 
The  Honeymoon  (1804). 

Montanto  (Sittnor),  a  master  of  fence 
and  a  great  braggart. — \ien  Jonson,  Every 
Man  m  His  Humour  (1598). 

Montajrgis  (The  Dog  of),  named 
Dragon.  It  belon^d  to  captain  Aubri 
de  Montdidier,  and  is  especially  noted  for 
his  fight  wiUi  the  chevalier  Richard 
Macaire.  The  dog  was  called  Montargis, 
because  the  encounter  was  depicted  over 
the  chimney  of  the  great  hall  in  the 
castle  of  Montargis.  It  was  in  the  forest 
of  Bondi,  close  by  this  castle,  that  Aubri 
was  assassinated. 

Montenajr  (Sir  Philip  dc)^  an  old 
English  kni^t— Sir  W.  Scott,  Castle 
Dangerous  (time,  Henry  I.). 

Montenegro.  The  natives  say: 
**  When  God  was  distributing  stones  over 
the  earth,  the  bag  that  held  them  burst 
over  Montenegro,"  which  accounts  for 
the  stoniness  of  the  land. 

Montesi'nos,  a  legendary  hero,  who 
received  some  aflPront  at  the  French 
court,  and  retired  to  La  Mancha,  in 
Spain.  Here  he  lived  in  a  cavern,  some 
sixty  feet  deep,  called  *^  The  Cavern  of 
Montesinos."  Don  Quixote  descended 
part  of  the  way  down  this  cavern,  and 
fell  into  a  trance,  in  which  he  saw  Mon- 
tesinos himself,  Durandarte  and  Bclemia 
under  the  spell  of  Merlin,  Dulcin'ea  del 
Toboso  enchanted  into  a  country  wench, 


M0NTE3PAN. 

■nd  other  viaions,  which  he  moK  thai 
hnlf  believed  to  br.  realitivK.— CervBotes 
Don  Quixote   n.  ii.  6,  G  (ICIS). 

*  -  ■"  'a  Dur«nd»tt6  was  Ihe  couwn 

inOB,  and  Belenna  the  ladv  hi 

•even  yeata.     When  he  fell  al 

'"'    *""    pra3'ed  his  couaia    tr 

Helcmia. 


of  fton 
served  t 

MontsBpan  {TU 

conceited  court  fo-      " 
When  Uuia  XIV. 


lillv 


lanjuit    de),    i 
'  'eartleaa. 


Madama  de  Montetpait,  wife  of  the 
marquis.  She  auppUnted  La  Valli^re  id 
the  ba»e  love  of  Louii  XIV.  U  Valli^re 
loved  the  ma^,  Monteapan  the  king.     She 

which  passed  for  feeling,  ■  head  to  check 
her  heart,  and  not  too  much  principle  for 
*  French  court.  Mde.  de  UonUapan 
waa  the  proU:/^  of  Che  duke  de  LJiuzun, 
who  uaed  her  u  a  stepping-stone  lo 
wealth  ;  but  when  in  favour,  she  kicked 
down  the  ladder  b;  which  she  had 
climbed  to  power.  However,  Lauzaa 
bad  his  revenge ;  and  when  La  Valli)<ie 
took  the  veil,  Mde.  de  Monteepan  wu 
banished  from  the  contt.— Lord  K.  L.  B. 
LyttOD,    Tht   Lvchen     Ar    la    Vallii^ 

lEoatfaupon  (Tie  lady  CaKsIa  of), 
atteadant  of 'qneen  Bercngsria. — Sirw. 
Scott,  Hm  Tulianrm  (time,  Richard  I.J. 

ICont-Fitchet  iSir  Omrade),  a  pre- 
ceptor of  the  Knights  Templars.— Sir  W. 
Scott,  latahoe  (time,  Richard  1.). 

Uontfort  (De\  the  hero  and  title  at 
■  tngedf ,  intended  ta  depict  the  pasnion 
of  hate,  by  Joanna  Baillie  (1798).  The 
object  of  De  Hontfoit's  hatred  is  Reien- 
velt,  and  hii  paieion  drives  him  on  to 


■  De  Uontfort  « 


I   probablr  tlie 


*  MONTROSE. 

"ugBeeHve  inapiratioa   of  BvTon's  JCan- 

fred  (1817), 

Monteomery  (Mr,),  lord  GodoU 
lihin,  lord  high  treisnrer  of  England  ID 
the  reign  nf  queen  Anne.  The  queen 
cslled  herself  ''Mn.  Morley,"  and  Sarah 
Jennings  ducheag  of  Marlboroiurh  was 
"  Mis.  Freemm."  ^ 

Houtlianner  (Qvy),  a  noblemaa, 
and  the  pursuivant  of  king  Henry  II.— 
Sir  W.  Scott,  TA*  Betrothed  (time, 
Henry  II,).  '       ^ 

HonthB  (Si/mboli  of  the),  ^eqneotly 
carved  on  church  portals,  misericords  (as 
at  Worcester),  ceilings  (as  at  Salisbary), 


Edward  IV.J. 

Hontorlo,  the  hero  of  a  novel,  who 
persuades  his  "  brother's  sons  "  to  nnider 
their  father  by  working  on  Oieir  fmrs, 
and  urging  on  them  the  doctrines  ot 
fsttliam.  When  the  deed  was  coin- 
niitted,  Montorio  discovered  that  the 
young  murderers  were  not  his  nephews, 
but  hie  own  sons.— Rev.  a  K,  UatuiiD, 
Fatal  Snenye  (1807). 

UontreaJ  d'Albono,  called  '•  Fra 
Moriale,"  kniL'ht  of  St.  John  of  Jemsalem, 
and  captain  of  the  Grand  Company  in  the 
fourteenth  century,  when  sentenced  to 
death  by  Rienzi,  summoned  his  judge  to 
follow  him  within  the  montli.  Uenii 
was  killed  by  the  fickle  mob  within  the 
stated  period.  (See  Sumhonb  to 
Death.) 

Uontreville  (Mde.  Adela),  or  the 
Begum  Hoolee  Uahul,  called  "the  qneen 
of  Sheha."— Sir  W,  Scott,  Tht  Susyeoii't 
Daujhter  (time,  George  11.). 

Kontrose  (The  du^  of),  com- 
mander-in-chief ut  Uie  king'a  srmy.— ^ir 
W,  Scolt,*o6  Soy,  Jtiiii.! time, Geo^el.}, 
Moatrote  {The  marquU  o/),— Sir  W. 
Scott,  H'oorfaiot*(time,Comnionw«lth), 
MoKtrote  (Jamei  Qrahame,  earl  of),  the 
king's  lientenaut  in  ScotUod.      He  ap- 


MONTSERRAT. 


6ff7 


MOON-DBOP. 


pean  first  disguised  as  Anderson,  senrant 
of  the  earl  of  Menteith.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Legend  of  Montroae  (time,  Charles  I.). 

Montserrat  {Comrade  marquis  of)^ 
a  crusader.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Talisinan 
(time,  Richard  I.). 

Moody  (John),  the  guardian  of  Peggy 
Thrift  an  heiress,  whom  he  brings  up 
in  the  country,  wholly  without  society. 
John  Moody  is  morose,  suspicious,  and 
unsocial.  When  60  years  of  age,  and 
Peggy  19,  he  wants  to  marry  her,  but 
is  outwitted  bv  "the  country  girl,"  who 
prefers  Belville,  a  young  man  of  more 
suitable  age. 

Alithea  Moody,  sister  of  John.  She 
jilts  Sparkish  a  conceited  fop,  and  mar- 
ries Hareonrt.— 7%«  Countnf  Girl  (Gar- 
rick,  altered  from  Wycherly). 

JCooma,  younger  sister  of  YerQti. 
Their  father  and  mother  were  the  only 
persons  of  the  whole  Guarilni  race  who 
escaped  a  small-pox  plague  which 
lavished  that  part  of  Paraguay.  They 
left  the  &tal  spot  and  lived  in  the  Mondai 
woods,  where  both  their  children  were 
bom.  Before  the  birth  of  Mooma,  her 
father  was  eaten  by  a  jagtfar,  and  the 
three  survivors  lived  in  ttie  woods  alone. 
When  grown  to  a  youthful  age,  a  Jesuit 
priest  persuaded  them  to  come  and  live  at 
St.  Jolkdiin  (8  syL) ;  so  they  left  the  wild 
woods  for  a  city  life.  Here  the  mother 
soon  flagged  and  died.  Mooma  lost  her 
spirits,  was  haunted  with  thick-coming 
fancies  of  good  and  bad  angels,  and  died. 
Teruti  be^^^ed  to  be  baptized,  received 
the  rite,  cried,  "  Ye  are  come  for  me !  I 
am  ready ; "  and  died  also.— Southey,  A 
Ihle  of  Paraguay  (1814). 

Moon  (The)  increases  with  horns 
towards  the  east,  but  wanes  with  horns 
towards  the  west. 

The  Moon,  Dant§  makes  the  moon  the 
first  planetary  heaven,  "the  tardiest 
sphere  of  all  the  ten,'*  and  assigned  to 
those  whose  vows  "were  in  some  part 
neglected  and  made  void"  (canto  iii.). 


H  MMBed  to  aw  at  If  a  doud  iMd  eoveml  o^ 
Itendnoent.  aoUd.  firm,  and  poltobed  bri^t 
LUa  adamant  wlileb  the  wnV  beam  had  amit 
Within  itMlf  the  cvcr-daiin«  peart  [the  moon] 
Bacttvad  u*.  aa  the  wa*a  a  rajr  of  Ught 
KaeclTO%  and  rerta  anbro^ra 

DMtl^  PmrmMm,  IL  (im)i 

Moon  (Blue)  "  Gnce  in  a  blue  moon," 
very  occasionally,  once  in  a  while. 
Similar  to  "  Greek  kalends." 


**Doei  he  often  eooia  of  an  evralag T"  aika  Jennie. 
"Oh.  jatt  onee  In  a  blue  moou.  and  then  alwayi  with  a 
Mend.**— B.  U.  Baton.  JtnmU  ^  <*•  PHne^M,  IL  140. 


Jfoon  (Man  in  the),  said  to  be  Cain, 
with  a  bundle  of  thorns. 

Nov  doth  Gain  with  fork  of  thonueonflna 
On  dther  hembphera,  touching  the  wave 
Beneath  the  towen  of  SavlUa.    Yvternight 
Iba  BMMn  vai  roond. 

DantI,  BM,  XX.  (ISOO). 

Moon  (%)ot8  in  the),  Dantd  makes 
Beatrice  say  that  these  spots  are  not  due 
to  diversi^  of  density  or  rarity,  for,  if 
so,  in  eclipses  of  the  sun,  the  sun  would 
be  seen  through  the  rare  portions  of  the 
moon  more  or  less  distinctly.  She  says 
the  spots  are  wholly  due  to  the  different 
essences  of  the  "  planet,"  which  reflect 
in  different  ways  the  eflluence  of  the 
heaven,  "  which  peace  divine  inhabits." 

From  hence  prooeedc  that  whieh  from  light  to  Ught 
Seems  difcrent,  and  not  from  denae  to  rare. 

DantA.  ParaditB,  U.  (Ull)i 

Milton  makes  Raphael  tell  Adam  that 
the  spot!  on  the  moon  are  due  to  clouds 
and  vapours  "not  yet  into  the  moon's 
substance  turned,"  that  is,  undigested 
aliment. 

For  know  whatever  was  created,  needs 

To  be  sustained  and  IWL    Of  elements. 

The  gromer  feeds  the  pursr.— earth  the  sea— 

■arth  and  the  ssa  feed  afr— the  air  thorn  flrse 

Itbereal    and  as  lowest,  flrst  the  moon; 

Whence.  In  her  vfaage  round,  those  spots,— anpnrgad 

Vapoun  not  vet  Into  her  substance  turned. 

MBton.  ParadUe  Lott,  r.  418.  etc. ;  see  abo 
vUL  14S.  etc  tlMB). 

Moon  (IfmioMs  of  the),  thieves  or  high- 
waymen.   (See  Moon's  BfKN.) 

Moon  and  Mahomet.  Mahomet 
made  the  moon  perform  seven  circuits 
round  Caaba  or  the  holy  shrine  of  Mecca, 
then  enter  the  right  sleeve  of  his  mantle 
and  ^o  out  at  the  left.  At  its  exit, 
it  split  into  two  pieces,  which  re-united 
in  the  centre  of  the  firmament.  This 
miracle  was  performed  for  the  conversion 
of  Uahab  the  Wise. 

Moon-Ccdl^  an  inanimate,  shapeless 
human  mass,  said  by  Pliny  to  be  en- 
gendered of  woman  only. — Mat,  Hist,^  x. 

Moon  Depository.  Astolpho  found 
the  moon  to  ue  the'  great  depository  of 
misspent  time,  wast^  wealth,  bro'ken 
vows,  unanswered  prayers,  fruitless  tears, 
abortive  attempts,  unfulfilled  desires  and 
intentions,  etc.  Bribes,  he  tells  us,  were 
hung  on  gold  and  silver  hooks ;  princes* 
favours  were  kept  in  bellows;  wasted 
talent  was  stored  away  in  urns ;  but 
every  article  was  duly  labelled. — ^Ariosto, 
Orlando  Furio90,  xviii.  (1616). 

Moon-Drop  (in  Latin  virus  lunare), 
a  vaporous  drop  supposed  to  be  shed  by 

2  u 


MOON  OF  BRIGHT  NIGHTS.        668 


MORAT. 


the  moon  on    certain  herbs  and    other 

objects,  when  powerfully  influenced  by 

incantations.     Lucan  says,  Erictho  used 

it :   Vims  large  lunare  nMstrat, 

B9tat».  Upon  th*  corner  of  the  mooQ 
There  hansi  •  veporoin  drop,  profound } 
rn  catch  It  ere  it  oome  to  Rroond. 

Sbakeepewe.  JToofteM.  act  UL  •&  6(ia09. 

Moon  of  Brieht  Nights,  a  sy- 
nonym for  AprU ;  the  moon  of  leaves,  a 
synonym  for  May  ;  tiie  moon  of  straw- 
berries is  June ;  the  moon  of  falling 
leaves  is  September;  and  the  moon  of 
snow-shoes  is  the  synonym  for  November. 
'Longfellow,  Hiawatha  (1865). 

Moon's  Men,  thieves  or  highway- 
men, who  ply  their  vocation  by  night 

The  fortune  o(  oi  that  are  bat  moon'a  men  doth  ebb 
and  flow  Uko  the  aea.— aiakeveare,  1  Benrg  jr.  act  L 
■c.S(U«7). 

Moonshine  (Saunders),  a  smuggler. 
— Sir  W.  Scott,  Bride  of  Zammermoor 
(time,  William  III.). 

Moore  (Mr,  John),  of  the  Pestle  and 
Mortar,  Abchurch  Lane,  immortalized  by 
his  "worm-powder,"  and  called  the 
"  Worm  Doctor.** 

O  leam«d  friend  of  Abefaordi  Lane^ 

Who  set'st  our  entrails  free  t 
Vain  U  tbj  art,  thy  powder  vain. 

Stnoe  wonm  ahall  eat  e'en  tbm. 

Pope.  To  Mr.  John  Moore  (ITB)* 

Moorfields.  Here  stood  Bethlehem 
Hospital  or  Bedlam  at  one  time. 

Subtio.  Remember  the  fUgned  madnea  I  hare  taught 
thee.  .  .  . 

TVieteey.  Fear  not.  he  ■hall  think  me  freeh  dipped 
from  Uie  regiona  9t  Moorfiaids.— B«i  Jonaon.  Tho 
Atckemitt,  L  (ISIO). 

Moors.  The  Moors  of  Arogon  are 
called  Tangarins ;  those  of  Granada  are 
Mudajares ;  and  those  of  Fez  are  called 
Elches.  Tlie^  are  the  best  soldiers 
of  the  Spanish  dominions.  In  the 
Middle  Ages  all  Mohammedans  were 
called  Moors;  and  hence  Camoens,  in  the 
Zusiad,  viii.,  calls  the  Indians  so. 

Mopes  (Mr.),  the  hermit  who  lived 
on  Tom  Tiddler's  Ground.  He  was  dirty, 
vain,  and  nasty,  "  like  all  hermits,"  but 
had  landed  property,  and  was  said  to  be 
rich  and  learned.  He  dressed  in  a 
blanket  and  skewer,  and,  by  steeping 
himself  in  soot  and  grease,  soon  acquired 
immense  fame.  Rumour  said  he  mur- 
dered his  beautiful  young  wife^  and  abMi- 
doned  the  world.  Be  this  as  it  may,  he 
certainly  lived  a  nasty  life.  Mr.  Traveller 
tried  to  bring  him  back  into  society,  but 
a  tinker  said  to  him,  "  Take  my  word  for 
it,  when  iron  is  thoroughly  rotten,  you 
can  never  botch  it,  do  what  you  may." 


— C.     Dickens,    A     Christmas    Number 
(18G1). 

MopsnSy  a  shepherd,  who,  wiA 
Menalcas,  celebrates  the  foneral  eulogy 
of  Daphnis. — ^Virgil,  Eclogue,  v. 

Mora,  a  hill  in  Ulster,  on  the  border* 
of  a  heaUi  called  Moi-lena. — Osstan, 
Temora, 

%*  Near  Upsala  is  what  is  called 
"The  Mora  Stone,"  where  the  Swedes 
used  of  old  to  elect  their  kings. 

Mora,  the  betrothed  of  Oscar  who 
mysteriously  disappears  on  his  bridal 
eve,  and  is  mourned  for  as  dead*  His 
younger  broUier  Allan,  hopii^  to  secure 
the  luids  and  fortune  of  Mora,  proposes 
marriage,  and  is  accepted.  At  uie  wed- 
ding banquet,  a  stranger  demands  **a 
pledge  to  the  lost  Oscar,"  and  all  accept 
it  except  Allan,  who  is  there  and  then 
denounced  as  the  murderer  of  his  brother. 
Oscar  then  vanishes,  and  Allan  dies. — 
Byron,  Osoar  of  Alva, 

Moradbak,  daughter  of  Fitead  a 
widower.  Hudjadge  king  of  Persia 
could  not  sleep,  and  commanded  Fitead, 
his  porter  and  jailer,  under  pain  of  death, 
to  find  some  one  to  tell  him  tales. 
Fitead*s  daughter,  who  was  only  14, 
undertook  to  amuse  the  king  with  tales, 
and  was  assisted  in  private  by  the  sage 
Abou'melek.  After  a  perfed;  success, 
Hudjadge  married  Moradbak,  and  at  her 
rmsommendation,  Aboumelek  was  ap- 
pointed overseer  of  the  whole  empire.— 
Comte  de  Caylus,  Oriental  Tales  (1743). 

Morakan'abad,  _grand  vizier  of 
the  caliph  Vathek.— Beckford,  Vathek 
(1784). 

Moral  Philosophy  (TThe  Father 
of),  Thomas  Aquinas  (1224-1274). 

Moran  Son  of  Fithil,  one  of  the 
scouts  in  the  army  of  Swaran  king  of 
Lochlin  (Denmark), — Ossian,  Fingal, 

Moran's  Collar,  a  collar  for  magis- 
trates, which  had  the  supernatural  power 
of  pressing  the  neck  of  the  wearer  if  his 
judgments  deviated  from  strict  justice, 
and  even  of  causing  stran^^ulation  if  he 
persevered  in  wrong  doing.  Moran, 
sumamed  *'  the  Just,"  was  the  wise  coun- 
sellor of  Feredach  an  early  king  of 
Ireland. 

Morat,  in  Auruwjzebe,  a  drama  by 
Dryden  (1676). 

Ktlward  Kjmaeton  [1019-1S87]  ihone  with  uaeommoa 
htstrebi  **  Morafand  ''Miileir  Moloch.*    In  both  tt>m 


MORAT. 


659 


MORDURE. 


pnti  Iw  had  a  §mta,  BooJOm  owlertr  in  hit  port  and 
ottoraaee.  that  gav*  tiie  speetaton  a  kind  of  trembling 
admlnUotu-CoUor  abbcr. 

Moratf  in  Switzerland,  famoas  for  the 
battle  fooght  there  in  1476,  in  which 
the  Swiss  defeated  Charles  U  T^mA-^ire, 
of  Burgundy. 

Motat  and  Marathon  twin  nama  riiall  stand. 

I^rron.  CkiUU  Harold,  UL  04  (1816). 

Morbleu !  This  French  oath  is  a 
corrupt  contraction  of  lian'graby  ;  thus, 
mamgre  bteu^  mcuCbleu,  liangraby  was 
the  great  Arabian  enchanter,  and  the 
word  means  "barbarous,**  hence  a  bar- 
barous man  or  a  barbarian.  The  oath  is 
common  in  Provence,  Lianguedoc,  and 
Gascoigne.  I  have  often  hetixd  it  used 
by  the  medical  students  at  Paris. 

'  Probably  it  is  a  punning  corruption  of 
MortdelHsu, 

Mordaunt,  the  secretary  at  Aix  of 
queen  Margaret  the  widow  of  Henry  YI. 
of  England.^^ir  W.  Scott,  Anne  of 
Geierstein  (time,  Edward  lY.). 

Mor'deoai  (Btait),    a  rich   Italian 

Jew,  one   of   the   suitors   of   Qiarlotte 

Goodchild,  but,  supposing  the  report  to 

be  true  that  she  has  lost  her  fortune,  he 

calls  off  and  retires. — C.  Macklin,  Lcne 

a-ia^mode  (1769). 

The  pmi,  that  flnt  braoRbt  John  Qaick  ri748-18Sl]  Into 
notica  wai  "  Boau  Mordeeai,"  in  which  h«  appoarad  as  fu* 
hack  at  1770.— Jbeprdc  «/  a  Stag*  Yttmram. 

Mordent,  father  of  Joanna  by  a 
former  wife.  In  orderto  marry  lady  Anne, 
1ms  **  deserts**  Joanna  and  leaves  her  to  be 
brought    up    bv    strangers.     Joanna   is 

eftc^  under  Mrs.  Enfield,  a  crimp,  and 
ordent  consents  to  a  proposal  of 
Lennox  to  run  ofF  with  her.  Mordent  is 
a  spirit  embittered  with  the  world — a  bad 
man,  with  a  goading  conscience.  lie  sins 
and  suffers  &e  anguish  of  remorse ;  does 
wrong,  and  blames  Providence  because 
when  he  "  sows  the  storm  he  reaps  the 
whirlwind.** 

Lady  Anne,  the  wife  of  Mordent, 
daughter  of  the  earl  of  Oldcrest,  sister 
of  a  viscount,  niece  of  lady  Mary,  and 
one  of  her  uncles  is  a  bishop.  She  is 
wholly  neglected  by  her  husband,  but,  like 
Grisilda  (7.0.),  bears  it  without  complaint. 
— Holcroft,  The  Deserted  Daughter  (1784, 
altered  into  The  Stevcard), 

ICordred  {Sir),  son  of  Margawse 
(sister  of  king  Arthur)  and  Arthur  her 
brother,  while  she  was  the  wife  of  Ix>t 
king  of  Orkney  (pt.  i.  2,  85,  36).  The 
sons  of  I/ot  himself  and  his  wife  were 
Gaw'ain,  Agravain^  Ga'heris,  apd  Gareth, 


all  knights  of  the  Round  Table.  Out  of 
hatred  to  sir  Launcelot,  Mordred  and 
Agravain  accuse  him  to  the  king  of  too 
great  familiarity  with  queen  Guenever, 
and  induce  the  kin^  to  spend  a  day  in 
hunting.  During  his  absence,  the  (^ueen 
sends  for  sir  Launcelot  to  her  private 
chamber,  and  Mordred  and  Agravain,  with 
twelve  other  knights,  putting  the  worst 
construction  on  the  interview,  clamorously 
assail  the  chamber,  and  call  on  sir  Launce- 
lot to  come  out.  This  he  does,  and  kills 
Agravain  with  the  twelve  knights,  but 
Mordred  makes  his  escape  and  tells  the 
king,  who  orders  the  queen  to  be  burnt 
alive.  She  is  brought  to  the  stake,  but  is 
rescued  by  sir  Launcelot,  who  carries  her 
off  to  Joyous  Guard,  near  Carlisle,  which 
the  king  besieges.  While  lying  before  the 
castle,  king  Arthur  receives  a  bull  from 
the  pope,  commanding  him  to  take  back 
his  queen.  This  he  does,  but  as  he 
refuses  to  be  reconciled  to  sir  Launcelot, 
the  knight  betakes  himself  to  Benwick, 
in  Brittany.  The  king  lays  sic^  to 
Benwick,  and  during  his  absence  leaves 
Mordred  regent.  Mordred  usurps  the 
crown,  and  tries,  but  in  vain,  to  induce 
the  queen  to  marry  him.  When  the  king 
hears  thereof,  he  raises  the  siege  of 
Benwick,  and  returns  to  England.  He 
defeats  Mordred  at  Dover,  and  at  Baron- 
down,  but  at  Salisbury  {Camlan)  Mor- 
dred is  slain  fighting  with  the  king,  and 
Arthur  receives  his  death-wound.  The 
queen  then  retires  to  a  convent  at  Almes- 
bury,  b  visits  by  sir  Launcelot,  declines 
to  marry  him,  and  dies. — Sir  T.  Malory, 
History  of  Prince  Arthur^  iii.  14ji-174 
(1470). 

♦^*  The  wife  of  Lot  is  called  "  Anne  *• 
by  Geoffrey  of  Monmouth  {British  His- 
tory, viu.  20,  21) ;  and  "  BcUicent**  by 
Tennyson,  in  Qcareth  and  Lynette. 

This  tale  is  so  very  different  to  those 
of  Geoffrey  of  Monmouth  and  Tennyson, 
that  all  three  are  given  (see  Moored). 

Mor'dure  (2  syL),  son  of  the  em- 
peror of  Germany.  He  was  guilty  of 
illicit  love  with  tne  mother  of  sir  lievis 
of  Southampton,  who  murdered  her 
husband  and  then  married  sir  Mordure. 
Sir  Bevis,  when  a  mere  lad,  reproved  his 
mother  for  the  murder  of  his  father, 
and  she  employed  Saber  to  kill  him ; 
but  the  murder  was  not  committed,  and 
young  Bevis  was  brought  up  as  a  shep- 
herd. One  day,  entering  the  hall  where 
Mordure  sat  with  his  bnde,  Rc\'is  struck 
at  him  with  his  axe.    Mordure  slipped 


MORDURE. 


MO 


MORGANTE. 


•side,  and  the  chair  was  "split  to 
shivers.**  Bevis  was  then  sold  to  an 
Armenian,  and  was  presented  to  the  kinji:, 
who  knighted  him  and  gave  him  his 
daughter  Josian  in  marriage. — M.  Dray- 
ton, Polyolbion,  ii.  (1612). 

Jfor'dure  (2  syi.)^  Arthnr*s  sword,  made 
by  Merlin.  No  enchantment  had  power 
over  it,  no  stone  or  steel  was  proof 
against  it,  and  it  would  neither  break 
nor  bend.  (The  word  means  "bard 
biter.'*) — Spenser,  FaSry  Queen,  ii.  8 
(1690). 

More  (Margareta),ih6  heroine  and 
feigned  authoress  of  Housekold  of  Sir 
Tkoma*  Mortf  by  Miss  Manning  (1851). 

More  of  More  Hall»  a  legendary 
hero,  who  armed  himself  with  armour 
full  of  spikes,  and,  concealing  himself  in 
the  cave  where  the  dragon  of  Wantley 
dwelt,  slew  the  monster  by  kicking  it  in 
the  mouth,  where  alone  it  was  mortal. 

*^*  In  the  burlesque  of  H.  Carey,  en- 
titled T/te  Dragon  of  Wantley^  the  hero 
is  called  "  Moore  of  Mooro  Hall,'*  and 
he  is  made  to  be  in  love  with  Gubbins's 
daughter,  Margery  of  Roth'ram  Green 
(1696-1743). 

Moreoraft,  at  first  a  miser,  but 
after  losing  most  of  his  money  he  became 
a  spendthrift. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher, 
The  Scornful  Ladif  (1616). 

♦*♦  •*  Luke,"in  Massinffer's  C»y  JfbdltTOi, 
b  the  exact  opposite.  He  was  at  first  a 
poor  spendthnft,  but  coming  into  a  for- 
tune he  turned  miser. 

Morell  {Sir  C/uirtes),  the  pseudonym 
of  the  Kev.  James  Ridley,.afiixed  to  some 
of  the  early  editions  of  The  Tales  of  the 
GenHf  from  1764. 

Morelove  {Lord)^  in  love  with  lady 
Betty  Modish,  who  torments  him  almost 
to  madness  by  an  assumed  indifi'erence, 
and  rouses  his  jealousy  by  coquetting 
with  lord  Foppiogton.  By  the  advice 
of  sir  Charles  Easy,  lord  Morelove  pays 
the  lady  in  her  own  coin,  assumes  an 
indifference  to  her,  and  flirts  with  lady 
Grave'airs.  This  brings  lad^'  Betty  to 
her  senses,  and  all  ends  happily. — Colley 
Gibber,  The  Careless  Husband  (1704). 

MorS'no  {Don  Antonio)^  a  gentleman 
of  Barcelona,  who  entertained  don  Quixote 
with  mock-heroic  hospitality. — Cervantes, 
Don  Quixote,  II.  iv.  10  (16i5). 

Morfin  ( J/r.),  a  cheerful  bachelor  in 
the   ofiioe  of   Mr.   Dombey,    merchant. 


He  calls  himself  "  a  creature  of  habit,** 
has  a  great  respect  for  the  head  of  the 
house,  and  befriends  John  Carker  when 
he  falls  into  disgrace  by  robbing  his  em- 
ployer. Mr.  Morfin  is  a  musical  amateur, 
and  finds  in  his  violoncello  a  solace  for 
all  cares  and  worries.  He  marries  Har- 
riet Carker,  the  sister  of  John  and  James. 
— C.  Dickens,  Dombey  and  Son  (1846). 

Morgan  le  Fay,  one  of  the  sisters 
of  king  Arthur  (pt.  i.  18) ;  the  others 
were  Margawse,  EUain,  and  Anne  (Belli- 
cent  was  nis  half-sister).  Morgan  calls 
herself  "oueen  of  the  land  of  (Jore" 
(pt.  i.  108).  She  was  the  wife  of  king 
Yrience  (pt.  i.  68),  the  mother  of  sir 
Ew'ain  (pt.  i.  78),  and  lived  in  the  castle 
of  U  Belle  Regard  (pt  ii.  122). 

On  one  occasion,  Morgan  le  Fay  stole 
her  brother's  sword  **  Excalibur,"  with  its 
scabbard,  and  sent  them  to  sir  Accolon  of 
Gaul,  her  paramour,  that  he  mij^t  kill  her 
brother  Arthur  in  mortal  comMt.  If  this 
villainy  had  succeeded,  Morgan  intended 
to  murder  her  husband,  man^  sir  Aoco- 
lon,  and  **  devise  to  make  him  king  of 
Britain ;  **  but  sir  Accolon,  during  the 
combat,  dropped  the  sword,  and  Arthur, 
snatching  it  up,  would  have  slain  him 
had  he  not  craved  mercy  and  confessed 
the  treasonable  design  (pt.  L  70).  After 
this,  Morgan  stole  the  scabbard,  and  threw 
it  into  the  lake  (pt.  i.  73).  Lastly,  she 
tried  to  murder  her  brotiier  by  means  of 
a  poisoned  robe ;  but  Arthur  told  the  mes- 
senger to  try  it  on,  that  he  might  see  it, 
and  when  he  did  so  he  dropped  down 
dead,  **  being  burnt  to  a  coal ''  (pt.  i.  76). 
—Sir  T.  Malory,  History  of  Prmoe  Arthvr 
(1470). 

W.  Morris,  in  his  Earthly  Paradise 
(<(  August "),  makes  Morgan  la  Fee  the 
bride  of  Ogier  the  Dane,  after  his  earthly 
career  was  ended. 

Morgan,  a  feigned  name  adopted  by 
Belarius  a  banished  lord.— Shakespeare, 
Cymbeline  (1605). 

Morgan,  one  of  the  soldiers  ot  prince 
Gwenwyn  of  Powys-land.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
The  Betrothed  (time,  Henry  II.). 

Morgane  (2  syl,),  a  fay,  to  whose 
charge  Zephyr  committed  young  Passe- 
lyon  and  his  cousin  Bennucq.  Passelyon 
fell  in  love  with  the  ftiy's  daughter,  and 
the  adventures  of  these  young  lovers  are 
related  in  the  romance  of   Ferceforest, 


ill. 


Morgante  (8  syl,),  a  ferocious  giant. 


M0R6ANT. 


661 


MORNA. 


converted  to  Christianity  by  Orlando. 
After  performing  the  most  wonderfol 
feat^y  he  died  at  last  from  the  bite  of  a 
crab. — Pulci,  Morgante  Maggiore  (1488). 

H«  [lion  QMinX«)  ipoke  fltTOonibly  of  Momnts,  who, 
of  si0Hitle  nes,  mm  oioft  ventb  tai  bb  m 


ICorganyv  Glamorgan. 

Not  a  Ivook  of  Morpuijr. 

DnqrtoB.  Ftt^bton,  ir.  (liU). 

Morgause  or  Maroawsb,  wife  of 
king  Lot.  Their  four  sons  were  Gaw'ain, 
Agravain,  Ga'heris,  and  Gareth  (ch.  36) ; 
but  Moigaose  had  another  son  by  prince 
Arthur,  named  Mordred.  Her  son  Ga- 
heris,  having  caught  his  mother  in  adul- 
tery with  sir  Lamorake,  cut  off  her  head. 


Kin*  Lot  had  wedded  klii«  Artbin^  iWw.  tet  Una 
Aithor  had  .  .  .  hjr  her  Mordred.  Uiarefore  Una  Lot  bold 
UiW  Artfaor  (eh.  tS).-«ir  T.  Haloqr.  ^Mery  </ 
I  Arthm;  L  SB.  » (1470). 


Mors^'na»  the  female  slaye,  first 
of  Cassim,  and  then  of  Ali  Baba, 
'*craf^,  cunning,  and  fruitful  in  in- 
ventions.*' When  the  thief  marked  the 
door  of  her  master's  house  with  white 
chalk  in  order  to  recognize  it,  Morgiana 
marked  several  other  doors  in  the  same 
manner;  next  day,  she  observed  a  red 
mark  on  the  door,  and  made  a  similar 
one  on  others,  as  before.  A  few  nights 
afterwards,  a  merchant  with  thirty-eight 
oil-jars  b^ged  a  night's  lodging ;  anaas 
lloigiana  wanted  oil  for  a  lamp,  she  went 
to  get  some  from  one  of  the  leather  jars. 
"  Is  it  time?"  asked  a  voice.  **  Not  vet," 
replied  Morgiana,  and  going  to  the  others, 
she  discovered  that  a  man  was  concealed 
in  thirty-seven  of  the  jars.  From  the 
last  jar  she  took  oil,  which  she  made 
boiling  hot,  and  with  it  killed  the 
thirty -seven  thieves.  When  the  captain 
discovered  that  all  his  men  were  dead, 
he  decamped  without  a  moment's  delay. 
Soon  afterwards,  he  settled  in  the  cih^  as 
a  merchant,  and  got  invited  by  Ali  Baba 
to  supper,  but  refused  to  eat  salt.  This 
excited  the  suspicion  of  Morgiana,  who 
detected  in  the  pretended  merchant  the 
captain  of  the  forty  thieves.  She  danced 
awhile  for  his  amusement,  playfully 
sported  with  his  dagger,  and  suddenlv 
munged  it  into  his  heart.  When  Ali 
Baba  knew  who  it  was  that  she  had  slain, 
be  not  only  gave  the  damsel  her  liberty, 
but  also  married  her  to  his  own  son. — 
Art^bian  NighU  ("Ali  Baba  or  the  Forty 
Thieves"). 

"  Mamiana.-  arid  AM  Baba.  *'  tfaeee  two  padcets  contain 
tto  bodjr  of  four  nauter  (CteMfmL  and  we  muat  endeavour 
to  barjr  him  at  if  ho  died  a  nataral  death.  Let  me  speak 
to  foor  ml^reei''— "  AS  Baba  or  the  Forty  Thiovea.*'^ 


Morglay,  the  sword  of  sir  Bevis  of 
Hamptoun,  i.e,  Southampton,  given  to 
him  by  his  wife  Josian,  oaughter  of  the 
king  of  Armenia.— Drayton,  PolycibioH. 
ii.  (1612).  J      *       J      ^ 

Too  talk  of  Morglaf.  KxerOlbor  [Arthm't  ewenfl  and 
Itarlndana  [OrlamWt  tmardl  or  an.  Itel  I  lend  no 
credit  to  tiuU  is  fkbled  of 'em.~Beo  Joneoo.  Emtw  M*m 
to  Bit  Bumomr.  iU.  1  (]««). 

Morgae  la  Faje^  nf^e  who  watched 
over  the  birth  of  Ogier  the  Dane,  and, 
after  he  had  finished  his  earthly  career, 
restored  him  to  perpetual  youtJi,  and  took 
him  to  live  with  her  in  everlasting  love  in 
the  isle  and  castle  of  Av'alon. — Ogier  is 
Danois  (a  romance). 

Mor'ioe  {GU  or  Chlld)y  the  natural 
son  of  ladv  Barnard,  *<  brought  forth  in 
her  fathers  house  wi'  mickle  sin  and 
shame."  One  day,  Gil  Morice  sent  Willie 
to  the  baron's  hall,  with  a  request  that 
lady  Barnard  would  go  at  once  to  Green- 
wood to  Fee  the  child.  Lord  Barnard, 
fancying  the  "child"  to  be  some  par- 
amour, forbade  his  wife  to  leave  the  hall, 
and  went  himself  to  Greenwood,  where 
he  slew  Gil  Morice,  and  sent  hb  head  to 
lady  Barnard.  On  his  return,  the  lady  told 
her  lord  he  had  slain  her  son,  and  added, 
**Wi'  that  same  spear,  oh,  pierce  my 
heart,  and  put  me  out  o'  pain !  "  But  tiie 
baron  repented  of  his  hasty  deed,  and 
cried,  '*  ru  %j  Ument  for  Gil  Morice,  as 
gin  he  were  mine  ain."— Percy,  JUiiqttet, 
etc,,  III.  i. 

\*  This  tale  suggested  to  Home  the 
plot  of  his  tragedy  called  Ihugiae, 

Moriaoo,  a  Moorish  dance,  a  kind  of 
hornpipe. 

Farlem  plennnqoe  biflefant  Aillglno.  eC  peregriooM 
Tertiuro  cuJtum  aaaimnnt.  qid  lodlerli  taUbui  litdulsent, 
aut  Mauri  c«e  vMeantur.  aot  e  hnglna  lamotA  patriA 
credaiitur  advoboe.— Junim. 

Morland,  in  Lend  Me  Five  Shillings, 
by  J.  M.  Morton  (1838). 

Morland  {Henry),  "the  heir-at-law" 
of  baron  Duberly.  It  was  generally 
supposed  that  he  had  perished  at  sea: 
but  he  was  cast  on  cape  Breton,  and 
afterwards  returned  to  England,  and  mar- 
ried Caroline  Dormer  an  orphan.— G. 
Colman,  The  Heir-at-Law  (1797). 

Mr.  Beverlejr  behaved  Uka  a  bthar  to  ma  (A.  ITeAereri 
and  ensagwd  me  ae  a  wallitna  seutleman  for  hit  London 
theatre,  where  I  made  mjr  flnt  appeanmce  as  "  Hennr 
Moriand,**  In  Dk*  Btir^U-Law.  which,  to  avoid  legal 
Mooeedlnp^  ha  called  Th*  Lard^t  WamUm(f'pan.—if»tm 

Morley  (Mrs,),  the  name  under  which 
queen  Anne  corresponded  with  Mrs.  Free- 
man {the  duchess  of  Marlborough), 

I       Moma,  daughter  of  Cormac  king  of 


MORNA. 


662 


MORREL. 


XrelAod.  She  was  in  love  with  CAthba, 
youngest  son  of  Tonnan.  Dnchomar, 
oat  of  jealousy,  slew  his  rival,  and  then 
asked  Morna  to  b«  his  bride.  She  replied, 
**  Thou  art  dark  to  me,  O  Duchdmar,  and 
cruel  is  thine  arm  to  Morna."  She  then 
beii^ged  him  for  his  sword,  and  when  **  he 

give  it  to  her  she  thrust  it  into  his  heart.** 
uchdmar  fell,  and  begged  the  maid  to 
pull  out  the  sword  that  he  might  die^  but 
when  she  did  so  he  seized  it  from  her  and 
plunged  it  into  her  side.  Whereupon 
CuthuUin  said : 


**  fttet  to  tlM  KNiU  of  the  b«ro«t  I  Tlielr  deedt 
gTMt  in  flgbt  Lm  U»mb  ride  around  bm  in  doiHh.  Lot 
thtm  tlMMr  Uwtr  fMtorM  in  w.  M7  mmiI  iluiO  Ui«n  bo 
linn  in  dunfar.  mine  nnn  IHm  Um  tkumtar  of  banvn. 
Bat  bo  tbou  oB  •  moonbeam.  O  Morna.  near  tlio  window 
of  imr  rHt.  wlien  mj  thoqfbti  are  at  peaces  whm  tlw 
din  of  war  li  pMt.''--OeBiaa,  nmgml,  L 

MomOf  wife  of  Comhal  and  mother 
of  Fingal.  Her  father  was  Thaddu,  and 
her  brother  Clessammor. — Ossian. 

Momay,  the  old  seneschal  at  earl 
Herbert's  tower  at  Peronne. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  QumUm  Durward  (time,  Edward 
IV.). 

Morning  Stax  of  the  Befbr- 
mation,  John  Wycliffe  (1324-1384). 

Wjdifld  will  ever  be  nmembered  ae  a  food  and  gnat 
man.  .  .  .  Majr  he  not  be  Justir  Xjladf  The  Mornlni 
Btar  of  Uie  Beformatton"?— Kadie. 

Morocco  or  Maroccus,  the  perform- 
ing horse,  generally  called  **Banke8*s 
Horse.*'  Among  other  exploits,  we  are 
told  that  **  it  went  up  to  the  top  of  St. 
Paurs."  Both  horse  and  man  were  burnt 
alive  at  Rome,  by  order  of  the  pope,  as 
magicians. — Don  Zara  del  Fogo,  114 
(1660). 

*J*  Among  the  entries  at  Stationers* 
Hall  is  the  following  .-—i^ot?.  14,  1696  : 
A  Ballad  shotting  the  Stran'je  Qualities  of 
a  fouwj  A'agy  called  Morocco. 

In  1596  was  published  the  pamphlet 
Maroccus  L'xtaticus  or  Bankes's  Uorse  in 
a  Trance* 

Morocco  Men,  agents  of  lottery 
assurances.  In  1796,  the  great  State 
lottery  employed  7500  morocco  men. 
Their  business  was  to  go  from  house  to 
house  among  tlie  customers  of  the  as- 
surances, or  to  attend  in  the  back  parlours 
of  public-houses,  where  the  customers 
came  to  meet  them. 

Morolt  (Dennis)^  the  old  'squire  of  sir 
Raymond  Berenger.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Betrothed  (time,  Henry  H.). 

Morose  (2  syl.)^  a  miserly  old  hunks, 
who  hates  to  hear  any  voice  but  his  own. 
His  nephew,  sir  Dauphine,  wants  to  wring 


out  of  him  a  third  of  his  property,  and 
proceeds  thus :  He  gets  a  lad  to  personate 
**  a  silent  woman,"  and  the  phenomenon 
so  delights  the  old  man,  that  he  consents 
to  a  marriage.  No  sooner  is  the  ceremony 
over,  than  the  boy-wife  assumes  the  cha- 
racter of  a  virago  of  loud  and  ceaselen 
tongue.  Morose  is  half  mad.  and  pro- 
mises to  give  his  nephew  a  third  of  his 
income  if  he  will  take  this  intolexable 
plague  off  his  hands.  The  trick  being  re- 
vealed, Morose  retires  into  private  life, 
and  leaves  his  nephew  master  of  the  situ- 
ation.— Ben  Jonson,  The  Silent  Woman 
(1609). 


Benjamin  Johmon  [166^174}]  memed  to  be  proad  ta 
the  poet^  doolile  name,  and  was  partlenlariy  i 


In  all  that  aathor^  plays  that  were  waaltar 
ri^"W»tD,'  "Oorbaodo."  **  Morose.*  imd 
^Oietwood. 

("  Wasp**  in  Bartholomew  Fair,  "  Cor- 
baccio  "  in  The  Fox,  and  "  Ananias  **  in 
The  Alchemist,) 

MorotUpy  the  monkey  mistaken  for 
the  devil.  A  woman  of  Oaiubalu  died,  and 
Moroug,  wishing  to  imitate  her,  slipped 
into  her  bed,  aira  dressed  himself  in  tier 
night-clothes,  while  the  body  was  carriol 
to  the  cemetery.  When  the  funeral  party 
returned,  and  began  the  usual  lamenta- 
tions for  the  dead,  pug  stretched  his 
night-capped  head  out  of  the  bed  and 
began  moaning  and  grimacing  most  hide- 
ously. All  the  mourners  thought  it  was 
the  devil,  and  scampered  out  as  fast  as 
thev  could  run.  The  priests  assembled, 
and  resolved  to  exorcise  Satan  ;  but  pug, 
noting  their  terror,  flew  on  the  chief  of 
the  bonzes,  and  bit  his  nose  and  ears 
most  viciously.  All  the  others  fled  in 
disorder ;  and  when  pug  had  satisfied  his 
humour,  he  escaped  out  of  the  window. 
After  a  while,  the  bonzes  returned,  with 
a  goodly  company  well  armed,  when  the 
chief  bonze  told  tbem  how  he  had  fought 
with  Satan,  and  prevailed  against  him.  So 
he  was  canonized,  and  made  a  saint  in 
the  calendar  for  ever. — T.  S.  Gueulette, 
Chinese  Tales  ('*  The  Ape  Moroug,**  1728). 

Morrel  or  Morell,  a  goat-herd  who 
invites  Thomalin,  a  shepherd,  to  come  to 
the  higher  grounds,  and  leave  the  low- 
lying  lands.  He  tells  Thomalin  that  many 
bills  have  been  canonized,  as  St.  Michael  s 
Mount,  St.  Bridget's  Bower  in  Rent,  and 
so  on ;  then  there  was  mount  Sinah  and 
mount  Pamass,  where  the  Muses  dwelt. 
Thomalin  replies,  ** The  lowlands  are  safer, 
and  hills  are  not  for  shepherds.**  He  then 
illustrates  his  remark  by  the  tale  of  shep- 
herd Algrind,  who  sat  like  Morrel  on  a 


MOBRIS. 


663 


MORTE  D'ARTHUB. 


bill,  when  an  eagle,  taking  his  white  head 
for  a  stone,  let  on  it  a  shell-iish  in  order 
to  break  it,  and  all-to  cracked  his  skulL 

iiE^hylos    was    killed    by    a    tortoise 
ropped    on   hia  head  by  an  eagle.] — 
Spenser,  Shepheardea  Calendar^  vii. 

(This  b  an  allegonr  of  the  high  and 
low  church  parties.  Morel  is  an  anagram 
of  Elmer  or  Aylmer  bishop  of  London, 
who  **  sat  on  a  hill,*'  and  was  the  leader 
of  the  high-chorch  party.  Algrind  is 
Grindal  arohbishop  of  CMiterbiir|r,  head 
of  the  low-charch  party,  who  m  1678 
was  sequestrated  for  writing  a  letter  to 
the  qneen  on  the  subject  of  puritanism. 
Thomalin  represents  the  puritans.  This 
could  not  have  been  written  before  1678, 
■nless  the  reference  to  Algrind  was  added 
in  some  later  edition.) 

Morris,  a  domestic  of  the  earl  of 
Derby  .—Sir  W.  Scott,  Peveril  of  the  Peak 
(time,  (Charles  II.). 

Morris  {Mr.)^  the  timid  feUow-traveller 
of  Frank  Osbaldistone,  who  carried  the 
portmanteau.  Osbaldbtone  says,  con- 
cerning him,  **Of  all  the  propensities 
which  teach  mankind  to  torment  (hem- 
selves,  that  of  causeless  fear  is  the  most 
irritating,  busy,  painful,  and  pitiable." — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Ed>  Hoy  (time,  Gleorge  I.). 

Morris  {Peter)^  the  pseudonym  of  John 
G.  Lockhart,  in  Peter's  Letter*  to  His 
Kinsfolk  (1819). 

JConis-Daaoe.  *  comic  representa- 
tion of  every  grade  of  socie^.  The 
characters  were  dressed  partly  in  Spanish 
and  partly  in  English  costume.  Thus, 
the  huge  sleeves  were  Spanish,  but  the 
laced  stomacher  English.  Hobby-horse 
represented  the  kin^  and  all  the  knightly 
Older;  Maid  Manan,  the  queen;  the 
friar,  the  cleigy  generally  ;  the  fool,  the 
court  iester.  The  other  characters  repre- 
sented a  franklin  or  private  gentleman, 
a  churl  or  farmer,  and  the  lower  grades 
were  represented  by  a  clown.  The  Span- 
ish costume  is  to  ^ow  the  origin  of  the 
dance. 

A  representation  of  a  morris-dance 
may  still  be  seen  at  Betley,  in  Stafford- 
shire, in  a  window  placed  in  the  house  of 
George  Toilet,  Esq.,  in  about  1620. 

Morrison  (Hugh),  a  Lowland  drover, 
the  friend  of  Robm  CHg.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
The  Twt  Drcnern  (time,  George  III.). 

Mortality  {Old)^  a  religious  itine- 
rant, who  frequented  country  church- 
yards and  the  graves  of  the  covenanters. 


He  was  first  discovered  in  the  burial- 
ground  at  Gandercleugh,  clearing  tlM 
moss  from  the  grey  tombstones,  renewing 
with  his  chisel  the  half-defaced  inscrip- 
tions, and  repairing  the  decorations  of 
the  tombs.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Old  Mortality 
(time,  CHiarles  II.). 

%*  '*01d  Mortality  **  is  said  to  be 
meant  for  Robert  Patterson. 

Morta'ra,  the  boy  who  died  from 
being  covered  all  over  with  gold-leaf  by 
Leo  XII.,  to  adorn  a  pageanC 

Mortolokd  {MrJ)^  the  undertaker  at 
the  funeral  of  Mrs.  Margaret  Bertram  of 
Singleside. — Sir  W.  Sco^  Quy  Mannermg 
(time,  (George  II.). 

Morte  d' Arthur,  a  compilation  of 
Arthurian  tales,  called  on  the  title-page 
The  History  of  Prince  Arthur j  compiled 
from  the  French  by  sir  Thomas  Malory, 
and  printed  b^  William  Caxton  in  1470. 
It  is  divided  into  three  parte.  The  first 
part  conteins  the  birth  of  king  Arthur, 
the  esteblishment  of  the  Round  Table, 
the  romance  of  Balin  and  Balan,  and  the 
beautiful  allegory  of  Gareth  and  Linet'. 
The  second  part  is  mainly  the  romance 
of  sir  Tristram.  The  third  part  is  the 
romance  of  sir  Launcelot,  the  quest  of 
the  holy  graal,  and  the  death  of  Arthur, 
Guenever,  Tristram,  Lamorake,  and 
Launcelot. 

*«*  The  difference  of  style  in  the  third 
part  is  very  striking.    The  end  of  ch.  44, 

ft.  i.  is  manifestly  the  close  of  a  romance, 
t  is  a  pity  that  each  romance  is  not 
marked  by  some  formal  indication, 
thus,  pt.  i.  bk.  1,  ete. ;  and  each  book 
might  be  subdivided  into  chapters. 

Thh  book  mu  flnUiad  Um  ninth  ymr  of  Um  rdfn 
of  king  Bdvuil  IV.  hy  rir  TbonM  IUI017.  kiiigbu  Thw 
m&Hth  Utb  notde  mnd  Jojroui  book.  enUUcd  La  Morf 
e'ArthHr,  notwithttMHUng  It  tre»teUi  of  Um  Urth,  life, 
mnd  aeta  or  Um  Mid  king  Artimr.  and  of  hi*  noUe  knMti 
of  the  Roond  Table  .  .  .  and  the  adilevlng  of  the  holy 
Sancgreall.  and  In  the  end  the  ddoKNu  death  and  de> 
parting  out  of  the  world  of  them  alL— Concluding  pai». 


Morte  d'Arthw^  by  Tennyson.  The 
poet  supposes  ArOiur  (wounded  in  the 
great  battle  of  the  West)  to  be  borne  off 
the  field  b^  sir  Bedivere.  The  wounded 
monarch  directed  sir  Bedivere  to  cast  Ex- 
calibur  into  the  mere.  Twice  the  knight 
disobeyed  the  command,  intending  to  save 
the  sword  ;  but  the  dying  king  detected 
the  fraud,  and  insisted  on  being  obeyed. 
So  sir  Bedivere  cast  the  sword  into  the 
mere,  and  **an  arm,  clothed  in  white 
samite,  caught  it  bv  the  hilt,  brandished 
it  three  times,  and  drew  it  into  tiie  mere." 


MORTEMAR. 


6«4 


MORVEX. 


Sir  Bedivere  then  carried  the  dyin}^  king 
to  a  barge,  in  which  were  three  queens, 
who  conveyed  him  to  the  isUnd-valley 
of  Avil'ion,  **  where  falls  not  hail,  or 
rain,  or  any  snow,  nor  ever  wind  blows 
loudly.**  Here  was  he  taken  to  be  healed 
of  his  grievous  wound ;  but  whether  he 
lived  or  died  we  are  not  told. 

The  idp'll  called  The  Passing  of  Arthur 
if  verbatim,  like  the  MortecT Arthur,  with 
an  introduction  tacked  on ;  but  from 
•*  So  all  day  long  .  .  .**  (twelfth  para- 
graph) to  the  line,  "  So  on  the  mere  the 
wailing  died  away  "  (about  270  lines),  the 
two  are  identical. 

\*  This  idyll  is  merely  chs.  167,  168 
(pt.  iii.)  of  the  History  of  Prmoe  Arthur, 
compiled  by  sir  T.  Malory,  put  into 
metro,  much  being  a  verbatim  rendering. 

See  Notes  and  Qutties,  July  18,  1878, 
where  the  parallels  are  shown  paragraph 
by  paragraph. 

Mortemar  (AlUHok  of),  an  exiled 
nobleman,  aiias  Theodorick  the  hermit  of 
Engaddi,  the  enthusiast. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Thd  Taiisman  (Ume,  Richard  I.). 

Mor'timer  (Mr.),  executor  of  lord 
Abl>cr\'ille,  and  uncle  of  Frances  Tyrrell. 
**  He  sheathed  a  soft  heart  in  a  rough 
case.'*  Externally,  Mr.  Mortimer  seemed 
unsym  pathetic,  bruoque,  and  rugged ;  but 
in  reality  he  was  most  benevolent,  deli- 
cate, and  tender-hearted.  *'  He  did  a 
thousand  noble  acts  without  the  credit  of 
a  single  one.**  In  fact,  his  tongue  belied 
his  heart,  and  his  heart  his  tongue. — 
Cumberland,  The  F\uhionabte  Loter 
(1780). 

Mortimer  (Sir  Edward),  a  most  bene- 
volent man,  oppressed  with  some  secret 
sorrow.  In  net,  he  knew  himself  to  be 
a  murderer.  The  case  was  this:  Being 
in  a  county  assembly,  the  uncle  of  lady 
Helen  insulted  him,  struck  him  down, 
and  kicked  him.  Sir  Edward  rode  home 
to  send  a  challenge  to  the  ruffian ;  but 
meeting  him  on  the  road  dnmk,  he  mur- 
dered nim,  was  tried  for  the  crime, 
but  was  honourably  acquitted.  He  wrote 
a  statement  of  the  case,  and  kept  the 
papers  connected  with  it  in  an  iron  chest. 
i)ne  day,  Wilford,  his  secretary,  whose 
curiosity  had  been  aroused,  saw  the  chest 
unlocked,  and  was  just  about  to  take  out 
the  documents  when  sir  Edward  entered, 
and  threatened  to  shoot  him ;  but  he 
relented,  made  Wilford  swear  secrecy, 
and  then  told  him  the  whole  stor}\  The 
foung  man,  unable  to  live  under  the 
jealous  eye  of  sir  Edward,  ran  away ; 


but  sir  Edward  dogged  him,  and  at 
length  arrested  him  on  the  charge  of 
robbery.  The  charge  broke  down,  Wil- 
ford was  acquitted,  sir  Edward  confessed 
himself  a  murderer,  and  died. — G.  Col- 
man,  The  Iron  Chest  (1796). 

Mortimer  Ijiffhtwood,  solicitor, 
employed  in  the  '*  Harmon  murder  **  case. 
He  vras  the  great  friend  of  Eocene  Wray- 
bum,  barrister-at-law,  and  it  was  the 
ambition  of  his  life  to  imitate  the  iio»t- 
ohaiance  and  other  eccentricities  of  his 
friend.  At  one  time  he  was  a  great  ad- 
mirer of  Bella  Wilfer.  Mr.  Veneering 
called  him  *^one  of  his  oldctst  friends; 
but  Mortimer  was  never  in  the  merchant*s 
house  but  once  in  his  life,  and  resolved 
never  to  enter  it  again. — C  Dickens,  Our 
Mutual  Friend  (1864). 

Mortimer  Street  (London) ;  so 
called  from  Harley,  earl  of  Oxford  and 
Mortimer,  and  baron  of  Wigmore,  in 
Herefordshire. 

Morton,  a  retainer  of  the  earl  of 
Northumberland. — Shakespeare,  2  Henry 
IV.  (1698). 

Morton  (Henry),  a  leader  in  the 
covenanters*  army  with  Balfour.  While 
abroad,  he  is  major-general  Melville. 
Henry  Morton  marries  Miss  Eden  Bel- 
lenden. 

Oid  Haivh  Morton  of  Milnwood,  uncle 
of  Henry  Morton. 

Colonei  SiloB  Morton  of  Milnwood, 
father  of  Henry  Morton.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Oid  Mortality  (time,  Cbaries  II.). 

Morton  (The  earl  of),  in  the  service 
of  Mary  queen  of  Scots,  and  a  member 
of  the  pnvy  council  of  Scotland. — Sir 
W.  Scott^  The  Monastery  and  7:^  Abbot 
(time,  Elizabeth). 

Morton  (l%e  Rev,  Mr,),  the  presby- 
terian  pastor  of  Caimrreckan  village. — 
Sir   W.  Soott,    Waverley  (time,  George 


VI 


the  old 
irW. 
(time, 


Mort8heafi[h    (Johnie), 
sexton  of  Wolrs  Ho 
Scott,   The  Bride  of 
William  III.). 

Morven  (''a  ridge  of  high  A»Ut**),  aU 
the  north-west  of  Scotland  ;  called  in 
O^ian  "windv  Morven,**  "  resounding 
MorvMi,"  "eAoing  Morven,**  "rocky 
Morven.**  Fingal  is  called  indifferently 
«*king  of  Selma**  and  «' king  of 
Mor\'en.**  Selma  was  the  capital  of 
Morven.  Probably  it  was  Ai)QrUahire 
extended  north  ami 


M0RVIDU8. 


665        MOSES  SLOW  OF  SPEECH. 


i'dus,  son  of  Danins  by  his 
concabiD3  Tangnst^a.  In  his  reign, 
there  "  came  from  the  Irish  coasts  a  most 
cmel  monster,  which  devoured  the  people 
continoally,  but  as  soon  as  Morvidos 
heard  thereof,  ha  ventured  to  encounter  it 
alone.  \%lH>n  all  his  darts  were  spent, 
the  monster  rushed  upon  him,  and 
swallowed  him  up  like  a  small  fish.** — 
CreofFrey  of  Monmouth,  British  History , 
iii.  15  (1142). 

.  .  .  that  valknt  bMlwd  .  .  . 
MonrMai  (DMUair  aon).  who  with  Uiat  Booctor  fonghi* 
Bit  nlilMU  UmI  devoured. 

Dr^toa.  /WyolMvm  rllL  0-9^% 

(Monridus  is  erroneously  printed 
''Morittdus**  in  Drayton,  but  has  been 
corrected  in  the  quotation  given  above.) 

ICosby,  an  nnmiti^ited  villain.  He 
seduced  Alicia,  the  wife  of  Arden  of 
Feversham.  Thrice  he  tried  to  murder 
Arden,  but  was  baffled,  and  then  bright- 
ened Alicia  into  conniving  at  a  most 
vUIainoos  scheme  of  murder.  Pretending 
friendship,  Mosby  hired  two  ruffians  to 
murder  Arden  while  he  was  playing  a 
game  of  drau|;hts.  The  villains,  who 
were  concealed  in  an  adjacent  room,  were 
to  rush  on  their  victim  when  Mosby 
said,  **  Now  I  take  you.**  The  whole 
gang  was  apprehended  and  executed. — 
Aram  of  FeversJtam  (1592),  altered  by 
Geoige  Lillo  (1789). 

Mosca,  the  knavish  confederate  of 
Yol'pone  (2  syl,)  the  rich  Venetian 
"fox.** — Ben  Jonson,  Volpone  or  The 
Fox  (1605). 


If  yoor  BKittMr.  fai  hopoi  to  nda  me,  riMmld  coawnt  to 
^UTf  mr  prrMided  oncte.  he  mteht.  like  "lloeem*fai 
n»  rmt.  etoBd  neo  ttfnm,—W.  Coasrave.  Tk^  Wmg  ^ 
tk»  WwU,  M.  1  (UW). 

Mo6oe'ra»  a  most  stately  convent 
built  by  the  abbot  Rodulfo,  on  the  ruins 
of  a  dUapid^ed  fabric.  On  the  day  of 
opening,  an  immense  crowd  assembled, 
and  the  abbot  felt  proud  of  his  noble 
ediAoe.  Amongst  others  came  St.  Gual- 
ber'to  (8  9^/.),  who,  when  the  abbot 
showed  him  the  pile  and  the  beauty 
thereof,  said  in  prayer,  **  If  this  convent 
is  built  for  Qod  s  glory^  may  it  abide  to 
the  end  of  time ;  but  if  it  is  a  monument 
of  man*s  pride,  may  that  little  brook 
which  flows  hard  by  overwhelm  it  with 
its  waters.**  At  the  word,  the  brook 
ceased  to  flow,  the  waters  piled  up 
mountain  high,  then  dashing  on  the 
ooDvent  overthrew  it,  nor  left  one  stone 
upon  another,  so  complete  was  the  ruin. 
^Sonthey,  St.  Ovalberto. 

ICoooow.    So-aad-to  wu  my  MoaooWf 


JoMi  was  aaj 


that  is,  the  turning-point  of  my  good 
fortune,  leading  to  future  '*  shoals  and 
misery.**  The  reference  is  to  Napoloon 
Bonaparte*s  disastrous  Russian  expe- 
dition, when  his  star  hastened  to  its 
"set.- 

[Ae  fuen  <^  n^f  rejmiti^fcm  atMl 
BDmn.  Dom  /taon.  zi.  86  (19U). 

Mo'ses,  the  Jew  money-lender  in 
Sheridan*8  comedy  ITte  School  for 
Scandal (1777). 

Moses'  Clothes.  The  Koran  says : 
"God  cleared  Moses  from  the  scandal 
which  was  rumoured  against  him**  (ch. 
xxxiii.).  The  scandiu  was  that  h\» 
body  was  not  properly  formed,  snd 
tnerefore  he  would  never  bathe  in  tha 
presence  of  others.  One  day,  he  went  to 
nathe,  and  laid  his  dothes  on  a  stone,  but 
the  stone  ran  away  with  them  into  the 
camp.  Moses  went  after  it  as  fast  as  he 
could  nm,  but  the  Israelites  saw  his 
naked  body,  and  perceived  the  untruUi- 
fulness  of  the  common  scandal. — Sals, 
Al  Kordtif  xxxiii.  notes. 

Moses'  Horns.  The  Vulgate  gives 
qiioJ  cormUa  esset  fa&ea  sua^  for  what 
our  version  has  translated  "  he  wist  not 
that  the  skin  of  his  face  shone.**  The 
Hebrew  word  used  means  both  a  "  horn  *' 
and  an  "irradiation.**  Michael  Angelo 
followed  the  Vulgate. 

Moses*  Bod. 

While  Mom  wm  Hrhif  with  lU^ril  [JUhro}  the 
MUhuiUe,  he  notloed  a  ittff  in  tiie  sudea.  and  he  took 
k  to  be  hb  waikbigftick.  Thle  itoff  wm  JoMph'c. aiwl 
Be'oel  carried  it  awar  when  he  fled  frooi  EgxpC  This 
Mine  etaff  Adam  ouned  with  hhn  oat  of  Kdea.  Noah 
Inheritad  It.  and  save  It  to  Shena.  It  paiMd  hito  the 
hande  ot  Abraham,  and  Abraham  left  it  to  Imsc  ;  and 
when  Jacob  fled  fimn  his  brother^s  aneer  Into  Mesopo. 
tanda,  he  earrled  It  tai  his  hand,  and  save  it  at  death 
to  his  soa  Joseph.— The  Tmtmui.  vL 


Moses  Blo-w  of  Speech.     The 

tradition  is  this :  One  day,  Pharaoh  was 
carrying  Moses  in  his  arms,  when  the 
child  puicked  the  royal  beard  so  roughly 
that  tue  king,  in  a  passion,  ordered  him 
to  be  put  to  death.  Queen  Asia  said  to 
her  husband,  the  child  was  only  a  babe, 
and  was  so  young  he  could  not  dis<- 
cem  between  a  ruoy  and  a  live  coal. 
Pharaoh  put  it  to  the  test,  and  the 
child  clapped  into  his  mouth  the  burn- 
ing coal,  thinking  it  something  good 
to  eat.  Pharaoh's  anger  was  appeased, 
but  the  child  burnt  its  tongue  so  severely 
that  ever  after  it  was  "  slow  of  speech. ' 
— JJhalshel,  Uakkabala,  11. 

ITosM  Slow  of  Speech,    The  account 
given  in  the  Talnmi  is  flomewhat  different. 


M03T  CHRISTIAN  KING. 


666 


HOTHEB  HUBBARD. 


It  is  therein  stated  tluit  Pharaohwas  sitting 
one  day  with  Moses  on  his  lap,  when  the 
child  took  the  crown  from  the  king's  head 
and  placed  it  on  his  own.  The  ^'wise 
men  ^*  of  Egypt  persuaded  Pharaoh  that 
this  act  was  treasonable,  and  that  the  child 
•hoold  be  put  to  death.  Jithro  [sic]  the 
priest  of  Midian  said  it  was  the  act  of  a 
child  who  knew  no  better.  **  Let  two 
plates/'  said  he,  ^*  be  set  before  the  child, 
one  containing  gold  and  the  other  live 
coals,  and  you  will  presently  see  that  he 
will  choose  the  coals  in  preference  to  the 
gold.**  The  advice  of  Jithro  being  fol- 
lowed, the  boy  Moses  snatched  at  the 
coals,  and  putting  one  of  them  into  his 
mouth,  burnt  his  tongue  so  severely  that 
ever  after  he  was  ^*  heavy  of  speech." — 
17ie  Taimudf  vi. 

Most  Christian  Kins  (/>  Boy 
DreS'Chriatien),  The  king  of  Trance  is  so 
called  by  others,  either  with  or  without 
his  proper  name;  but  he  never  styles 
himself  so  in  any  letter,  grant,  or  re- 
script. 

In  St.  Rcmi^us  or  Remy*8  Testament, 
king  Clovis  is  called  Uhristianissimus 
Ludovicus. — Flodoard,  Historia  BemensiSf 
i.  18  (A.D.  940). 

Motallab  {Abdal)^  one  of  the  four 
husbands  of  Zesbet  the  mother  of  Ma^ 
hornet.  He  was  not  to  know  her  as  a 
wife  till  he  had  seen  Mahomet  in  his 
pre-existing  state.  Mahomet  ap|)eared 
to  him  as  an  old  man,  and  told  nim  he 
had  chosen  Zesbet  for  her  virtue  and 
beauty  to  be  his  mother.  —  Comte  de 
Caylus,  Oriental  Tale»  ('*  History  of 
Abdal  MotaUab,"  1743). 

Mo'tar  {^^one  doomed  or  devoted  to 
sacrifice  *')»  So  prince  Assad  was  called, 
when  he  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  old 
fire-worshipper,  and  was  destined  by  him 
to  be  sacrificed  on  the  fiery  mountain. — 
Arabian  Night*  (*^  Amgiad  and  Assad  "). 

Moth,  page  tb  don  Adriano  de 
Arma'do  the  fantastical  Spaniard.  He 
is  cunning  and  versatile,  lacetious  and 
plaj'ful. — Shakespeare,  Love's  Labotir's 
lost  (1594). 

Moth^  one  of  the  fairies. — Shakespeare, 
liidswnmer  NighVs  Dream  (1592). 

Moths  and  Candles.  The  moths 
fell  in  love  with  the  night-fly ;  and  the 
night-fly,  to  get  rid  of  their  importunity, 
maliciously  bade  them  to  go  and  fetch 
fire  for  her  adornment.  The  blind  lovers 
flew  to  the  first  flame  to  obtain  the  love- 


token,  and  few  escaped  injury  or  death. 
— Kiempfer,  Account  ofjapan^  vii.  (1727). 

Mother  Ann,  Ann  Lee,  the 
"spiritual  mother**  of  the  shakers 
(1784-1784}. 

*i»*  Mother  Ann  is  regarded  as  the 
female  form,  and  Jesus  as  the  nude  form, 
of  the  Messiah. 

Mother  Bunch,  a  celebrated  ale- 
wife  in  Dekker*s  Satiromaster  (1602). 

%*  In  1604  was  published  PaamttTs 
JestSf  mixed  with  Mother  BuncKs  Merri- 
ments.  In  1760  was  published,  in  two 
parts,  Mother  Bunch's  Closet  newly  Broke 
Open,  etc,,  by  a  "Lover  of  Mirth  and 
Hater  of  Treason." 

Mother  Bunch's  Fairy  Tales  are  known 
in  every  nursery. 

Mother  Carey's  Chickens.  The 
fish-ftigs  of  Paris  in  the  first  Great 
Revolution  were  so  called,  because,  like 
the  "stormy  petrel,*'  whenever  they 
appeared  in  force  in  the  streets  of  Paris, 
they  always  foreboded  a  tumult  or  poli- 
tical storm. 

Mother  Carey's  Goose,  the  great 
black  petrel  or  gigantic  fulmar  of  the 
Pacific  Ocean. 

Mother  Douglas,  a  noted  crimp, 
who  lived  at  the  norUi-east  comer  of 
Covent  Garden.  Her  house  vras  superbly 
furnished.     She  died  1761. 

*«*  Foote  introduces  her  in  The  Minor^ 
as  "Mrs.  Cole**  (1760) ;  and  Hogarth  in 
his  picture  called  "  The  March  to  Finch- 
ley.** 

Mother  Qoose,  in  French  Contes  de 
Ma  Mere  POye,  by  Charles  Perrault 
(1697). 

*«*  There  are  ten  stories  in  this  book, 
seven  of  which  are  from  the  PentO" 
merone. 

Mother  Goose,  a  native  of  Boston, 
in  Massachusetts,  authoress  of  nursery 
rhymes.  Mother  Goose  used  to  sing  her 
rhymes  to  her  grandson,  and  Thomas 
Fleet,  her  brother-in-law,  printed  and 
published  the  first  edition  of  her  nursery 
rhymes,  entitled  Songs  for  the  Nursery  or 
Mother  Goose's  Meloaies,  in  1719. 

*^*  Dibdin  wrote  a  pantomime  entitled 
Mother  Goose, 

Mother  Hubbard,  an  old  lady 
whose  whole  time  and  attention  were 
taken  up  by  her  dog,  who  was  most 
wilful ;  Dut  the  dame  never  lost  her  tem- 
per, nor  forgot  her  politeness.     After 


MOTHER  HUBBERD. 


667 


MOUNTAIN. 


ranning  about  all  day  to  supply  Master 
r>oggie, 

I A  oatiMtf,  Om  doc  nuulc  •  bow ; 
**  Yoar  Mnruur  Oie  dog  mid.  ** Bow, 


r 


A  Kunmrjf  TaU  hn  Rkiffm*. 


Mother  Hubberd,  the  supposed 
narrator  of  a  tale  called  The  Fox  and 
the  ApCj  related  to  the  poet  Spenser  to 
b^uile  the  wear^"  hours  of  sickness. 
Several  persons  told  him  tales,  but 

aaMapt  the  rert  a  good  old  vooMui  was 
HIgfatlfoCber  Habbcrd.  wtw  dU  br  wrpMi 
TW  rert  in  boooit  aUnh  thst  MMned  her  w«0 ; 
flha.  wb««  ber  tuni  was  oomo  b«r  Ule  to  toU. 
TaU  of  aitimiivB  MiTflntim  that  bstklod 
Botwtit  a  fas  and  ap«  bjr  him  mhnuWod  ; 
n*  which,  for  Uiat  nqr  mnae  it  sraaUjr  pleawii.  .  .  . 
n  wilto  It  M  ah*  Um  mma  did  mj. 


Mother  Hubberd's  Tale.  A  fox 
and  an  ape  determined  to  travel  about  the 
world  as  ckewUiers  de  tindustrie.  First, 
Ape  dressed  as  a  broken-down  soldier,  and 
Fox  as  his  servant.  A  farmer  agreed  to 
take  them  for  his  shepherds ;  but  thev 
devoured  all  his  lambs  and  then  decamped. 
Tbey  next  "went  in  for  holy  orders." 
Keynard  contrived  to  get  a  living  ^iven 
him,  and  appointed  the  ape  as  his  clerk  ; 
but  they  soon  made  the  parish  too  hot  to 
hold  them,  and  again  sheered  o£f.  They 
next  tried  their  fortune  at  court;  the 
ape  set  himself  up  as  a  foreigner  of  dis- 
tinction, with  Fox  for  his  groom.  They 
plaved  Uie  part  of  rakes,  but  being  found 
to  be  desperate  rogues,  had  to  flee  with 
all  despatch,  and  seek  another  field  of 
action.  As  they  journeyed  on,  they  saw 
a  lion  sleeping,  and  Master  Fox  persuaded 
bis  companion  to  steal  the  crown,  sceptre, 
and  royal  robes.  The  ape,  arrayed  in 
these,  assumed  to  be  king,  and  Fox  was 
his  prime  minister;  but  so  ill  did  they 
govern  that  Jupiter  interfered,  the  lion 
was  restored,  and  the  ape  was  docked  of 
his  tail  and  had  his  ears  cropt. 

8bM9*  whlefa.  al  apm  bat  half  Uidr  can  Imrv  Ml, 

And  oC  their  tails  are  atterij  bereft 

Bo  Mother  Hnhbanl  her  dlMxime  did  end. 

r,  MotUr  itaMenf  «  Tat*. 


Mother  Shipton,  T.  Evan  Preece, 
of  South  Wales,  a  pro^^etess,  whose  pre- 
dictions ^generallv  in  rhymes)  were  at 
one  time  in  everybodv*s  mouth  in  South 
Wales,  especially  in  ulamorganshire. 

\*  She  predicted  the  deau  of  Wolsey, 
lord  Percy,  and  others.  Her  prophecies 
are  still  extant,  and  contain  the  announce- 
ment that  "the  end  of  the  world  shall 
come  in  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-one.*' 

Mother  of  the  People  (The),  Mar- 
goerite  of  Franco,  ia  Mtre  aes  Peupies, 
daughter  of  Francois  I.  (1523-1674). 


Mother's  Three  Joys  (^1).  "The 
three  holydays  allowed  to  the  fond  mo- 
ther's heart,"  passing  by  the  ecstasy  of 
the  birth  of  her  chil^  are : 

h  When  tMt  the  whHa  Uoaoms  of  hit  teeth  antear. 
braaking  thecrimaon  budi  that  did  eooaee  them ;  thatia 
adarof  Jojr. 

t.  Next,  when  from  hb  buherli  arms  he  runa  withoat 
wpport,  and  dino.  laoghing  and  d^ghted.  to  his  omk 
ther's  knee ;  that  b  the  mother^*  heart's  nest  bolrdair. 

a.  And  sweeter  still  the  thbd.  whenever  bis  little 
stammering  tongue  shall  utter  the  grateftd  soond  of 
"hUber."  ^•mother;"  oh.  that  Is  the  dsMwt  Joy  of  aB ! 

~      ~   I.  i*lsarre  (alleied  ftiMB  KolMboa.  17S^ 


Mould  (Mr,),  undertaker.  His  face 
had  a  c^uoer  attempt  at  melancholy,  sadly 
at  variance  with  a  smirk  of  satisfaction 
which  mi^ht  be  read  between  the  lines. 
Though  his  calling  was  not  a  lively  one, 
it  did  not  depress  his  spirits,  as  in  the 
bosom  of  his  family  he  was  the  most 
cheerv  of  men,  and  to  him  the  "tap,  tap** 
of  co^n-making  was  as  sweet  and  exhila- 
rating as  the  tapping  of  a  woodpecker.— 
a  Dickens,  Martin  Chuzzleurit  (1»44). 

Mouldy  {Balph)t  "a  good-limbed 
fellow,  young,  strong,  and  of  good  friends.** 
Ralph  was  pricked  for  a  recruit  in  sir 
John  FalstaiTs  re^pment.  He  promised 
Bardolph  forty  shillings  "to  stand  his 
friend.  Sir  John,  being  told  this,  sent 
Mouldy  home,  and  when  justice  Shallow 
remonstrated,  saying  that  Ralph  "was 
the  likeliest  man  of  the  lot,"^  Falstaif 
repUed,  "  WiU  you  tell  me,  Master  Shal- 
low, how  to  choose  a  man  ?  Care  I  for  the 
limb,  the  thews,  tiie  stature,  bulk,  and  big 
assemblance  of  a  man?  Give  me  the 
spirit,  Master  Shallow.**— Shakespeare,  2 
Henry  /K.  act  ui.  sc.  2  (1598). 

Moullahs,  Mohammedan  lawyers, 
from  which  are  selected  the  judges. 

Mountain  (The),  a  name  given  in 
the  French  Revolution  to  a  faction  which 
sat  on  the  benches  most  elevated  in  the 
Hall  of  Assemblv.  The  Girondins  sat 
in  the  centre  or  lowest  part  of  the  hoU, 
and  were  nicknamed  the  '*  plain.**  The 
"mountain**  for  a  long  time  was  the 
dominant  part;  it  utterly  overthrew  the 
"  plain  **  on  August  81,  1793,  but  was  in 
turn  overthrown  at  the  fall  of  Robespierre 
(9  Thermidor  ii.  or  July  27,  1794). 

Mountain  (The  Old  Man  of  the), 
the  imaum  Hassan  ben  Sabbah  el  Homairi. 
The  sheik  Al  Jebal  was  so  called.  He 
was  the  prince  of  the  Assassins. 

♦^*  In  Rymer's  Fcedera  (vol.  LJ,  Dr. 
Clarke,  the  editor,  has  add^  two  letters 
of  this  sheik ;  but  the  doctor  must  be 
responsible  for  their  genuineness. 


MOUNTAIN  BRUTUS. 


668 


Mowia 


Mountain  Brutus  {The),  WiUiam 
T«ai  (1282-1360). 

Mountain-Monarch  of  Surope, 
mont  Blanc. 

Mountain  of  Flo'wers,  the  site  of 
the  palace  of  Yiolenta,  the  mother  faiiy 
who  brought  up  the  young  princess  after- 
wards metamorii^osed  into  **  The  White 
Cat."— Comtesse  D*Aunoy,  Fairy  Tales 
("The  White  Cat,"  1682). 

Mountain  of  Miaeries.  Jupiter 
gave  permission  for  all  men  to  bring  their 
grievances  to  a  certion  plain,  and  to  ex- 
change them  with  any  others  that  had  been 
cast  ofF.  Fancy  helped  them ;  but  though 
the  heap  was  so  enormous,  not  one  single 
vice  was  to  be  found  amongst  the  rubbish. 
Old  women  threw  away  their  wrinkles, 
and  young  ones  their  mole-spots ;  some 
cast  on  the  heap  poverty ;  many  their  red 
noses  and  bad  teeth ;  but  no  one  his 
crimes.  Now  came  the  choice.  A  galley- 
slave  picked  up  gout,  poverty  picked  up 
sickness,  care  picked  up  pain,  snub  noses 
picked  up  long  ones,  and  so  on.  Soon 
all  were  oewauing  the  change  they  had 
made;  and  Jupiter  sent  Patience  to  tell 
them  they  might,  if  they  liked,  resume  their 
own  grievances  again.  Every  one  gladly 
accepted  the  permission,  and  Patience 
helped  them  to  take  up  their  own  bundle, 
ana  bear  it  without  murmuring. — ^Addi- 
son, The  Spectator  (1711,  1712, 1714). 

Mountains  {Prince  of  Oerman), 
Schneekoppe  (5235  feet),  in  Eastern 
Prussia. 

Mourning.  InCoIman*sJ7<nr-a^Zxiu; 
(1797),  every  character  is  in  mourning: 
the  Dowlases  as  relatives  of  the  deceased 
lord  Duberly ;  Henry  Morland  as  heir 
of  lord  Duberly ;  Steadfast  as  the  chief 
friend  of  the  family;  Dr.  Pangloss  as 
a  clergyman  ;  Caroline  Dormer  for  her 
father  recently  buried ;  Zekiel  and  Cicelv 
Homespun  for  the  same  reason  ;  Kenrick 
for  his  deceased  master. — James  SmiUi, 
Memoirs  (1840). 

Mourning  Bride  {The),  a  drama 
by  W.  Congreve  (1697).  "The  mourn- 
ing bride"  is  Alme'ria  daughter  of  Manuel 
king  of  Grana'da,  and  her  husband  was 
Alphonso  prince  of  Valentia.  On  the  day 
of  their  espousals  they  were  shipwrecked, 
and  each  tnought  the  other  had  perished ; 
but  they  met  together  in  the  court  of 
Granada,  where  Alphonso  was  taken  cap- 
tive under  the  assumed  name  of  Osmyn. 
Osmyn,    having    effected    his    escape, 


marched  to  Granada  at  the  head  of  an 
army,  found  the  king  dead,  and  "the 
mourning  bride  "  became  his  joyful  wife. 

Mouse-Tower  {The),  on  the  Rhine. 
It  was  here  that  bishop  Hatto  was  de- 
voured bv  mice.     (See  Hatto,  p.  429.) 

*^*  Mauth  is  a  toll  or  custom  house, 
and  the  mauth  or  toll-house  for  collecting 
duty  on  com  being  very  unpopular,  gave 
rise  to  the  tradition. 

Moussa^  Moses. 

Mowbray  {Mr.  John),  lord  of  the 
manor  of  St.  Konan*s. 

Ciara  Mowbray,  sister  of  John  Mow- 
bray. She  was  betrothed  to  Frank 
Tyrrel,  but  married  Valentine  Bulmer. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  St.  Bonan's  Welt  (time, 
George  III.). 

Mowbray  {Sir  Miles),  a  dogmatical, 
self-opinionated  old  man,  who  fancied  he 
could  read  character,  and  had  a  natural 
instinct  for  doing  the  right  thin^ ;  but  he 
would  have  been  much  wiser  if  he  had 
paid  more  heed  to  the  proverb,  **Biind 
your  own  business  and  not  another^s.** 

Frederick  Mowbray^  his  eldest  son,  a 
young  man  of  fine  principle,  and  greatly 
liked.  His  "  first  love »*  was  CUra  Mid- 
dleton,  who,  being  poor,  married  the  rich 
lord  Rub^p^.  His  loi^ship  soon  died,  leav- 
ing all  ms  substance  to  his  widow,  who 
bestowed  it  with  herself  oiT  Frederick 
Mowbray,  her  first  and  only  love. 

David  Motdtray,  younger  brother  of 
Frederick.  He  was  in  the  navy,  and 
was  a  fine  open-hearted,  frank,  and  honest 
British  tar. 

Zydta  Moubray,  sister  of  Frederick  and 
David,  and  the  wife  of  Mr.  Wrangle. — 
R.  Cumberland,  First  Love  (1796). 

Mow'oher  {Miss),  a  benevolent  little 
dwarf,  patronized  by  Steeiforth.  She  is 
full  of  humour  and  comic  vulgarity. 
Her  chief  occupation  is  that  of  hair- 
dressing. — C.  Dickens,  David  Copperfietd 
(1849). 

Mowis,  the  bridegroom  of  snow,  who 
wooed  and  won  a  beautiful  bride,  but  at 
dawn  melted  in  the  sun.  The  bride 
hunted  for  him  night  and  day,  but  never 
saw  him  more. — AmeHcan-Inaian  Legend, 

Mowla.  the  bridefrooa  of  woaw,  who  voa  and  vedded  • 

RuUdca. 
Butwfwn  th«  moralas  oMMk  aroiB  and  paHed  fhrnlka 

wigwam, 
FadhiR  and  maUbig  awajr.  and  HmoMam  Into  the  ann- 

■hloe. 

Tin  A«  beheld  hfan  no  nMN.  tteiT  dhe  fallowed  ftir  into 
thefonat 

LonsMlow.  JtaMfeNne.  IL  4  (18IBI. 


MOZAIDE. 


669 


MUDJEKEEWIS. 


Mosaide  (2  tyl.),  the  Moor  who  be- 
friended Vftsco  de  Gftina  when  he  first 
laoded  on  the  Indian  continent. 

Ibe  Moor  mtltmttM,  Mtmaiim,  whoM  aalowcara 
vo  Qmmi  oyvf  nvBslcd  Muh  tnMlMnias  mMo. 

OuDoaiu.  Lvtlad,  Ix.  (10OB). 

Mosart  (The  English),  sir  Henzy 
Bishop  (1780-1855). 

Moxari  {The  Halian),  Gherabini  of 
Florence  (1760-1842). 

Much,  the  miller's  son,  the  bailiff  or 
**acater**  of  Robin  Hood.    (See  Midob.) 

BolvB  itoda  in  BerayidaUb 

And  teed  hijrai  to  a  trw  I 
And  fcgrhTin  ttod*  IjrteU  Johaa. 

A  pmmI  ycman  was  be ; 
Aad  atao  dinU  good  Soattelwli. 

And  Much  the  mlller'i  •ona. 
RItam.  MoUn  B«o*  BaUmdi,  I  1  (UM). 

Mvchj  the  nUUer'e  aon,  iu  tiie  morris- 
dance.  His  feat  was  to  bang,  with  an 
inflated  bladder,  the  heads  of  gaping 
■pectatoia.  He  represented  the  ^1  or 
JMter. 

Much  Ado  about  li'otliinff,  a 
comedy  bj  Shakespeare  (1600).  Hero, 
the  daoghter  of  Leonato,  is  engaged  to  be 
married  to  Claudio  of  Aragon ;  but  don 
Jdm,  ont  of  hatred  to  his  brother  Leonato, 
determines  to  mar  the  happiness  of  the 
lovers.  ^  Accordingly,  he  bribes  the  wait- 
ing-maid of  Hero  to  dress  in  her  mistresses 
clothes,  and  to  talk  with  him  by  moon- 
Ji^t  &om  the  chamber  balcony.  The 
▼fllain  tells  Clandio  that  Hero  has  made 
an  assignation  with  him,  and  invites  him 
to  witness  it.  Claudio  is  folly  persuaded 
that  the  woman  he  sees  is  Hero,  and 
^en  next  day  she  presents  herself  at 
the  altar,  he  rejects  her  with  scorn.  The 
priest  feels  assured  there  is  some  mistake, 
so  he  takes  Hero  apart,  and  gives  out  that 
she  is  dead.  Then  don  John  takes  to 
fli^t,  the  WMting-woman  confesses, 
Claudio  repents,  and  by  way  of  amend- 
ment ^as  Hero  is  dead^  promises  to 
marry  tier  cousin,  but  this  cousin  turns 
out  to  be  Hero  herself. 

*«*  A  similar  tale  is  told  by  Ariosto  in 
his  Orlando  JFStrioao,  v.  (1516). 

Another  occurs  in  the  Fairy  Queen,  by 
Spenser,  bk.  ii.  4,  38,  etc.  (1590). 

George  Turbervirs  Geneura  (1576)  is  still 
more  like  Shakespeare's  tale.  Belief  orest 
and  Bandello  have  abo  similar  tales  (see 
Hist,,  xviii.). 

Mucklebacket  (Sctunders),  the  old 
fisherman  at  Musselcrag. 

Old  Elepeth  Muckleoackety  mother  of 
Saunders,  and  formerly  servant  to  lady 
Glenallan* 


Maggie  Mvckkbaohei,  wife  of  Saunders. 

Steenie  MvtckUbachet,  eldest  son  of 
Saunders.    He  is  drowned. 

Little  Jennie  Mucklebacket,  Saunders's 
child.— Sir  W.  Scott,  27ie  Antiquary 
(time,  Greoige  III.). 

Muoklethrift  (Bailie),  ironmonger 
and  brazier  of  Kippletringan,  in  Scotland. 
— Sir  W.  Scott,  Ony  Mannering  (time, 
George  II.). 

Muoklewrath  (ffabukkuk),  a  fanatic 
preacher.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Old  Mortality 
(time,  Charles  II.). 

Muchlewrath  (John),  smith  at  Cairn- 
vreckan  village. 

Dame  MuMlewrath,  wife  of  John.  A 
terrible  virsgo.— Sir  W.  Scott,  WaverUy 
(time,  Creorge  II.). 

Muckworm  (Sir  Penurious),  the 
miseriy  old  uncle  and  guardian  of  Ar- 
bella.  He  wants  her  to  marry  squire 
Sapskull,  a  raw  Yorkshire  tike ;  but  she 
loves  Gaylove,  a  young  barrister,  and,  of 
course.  Muckworm  is  outwitted. — Carey, 
The  Honest  Yorkshireman  (1736). 

Mudarra,  son  of  Gron^alo  Bustos  de 
Salas  de  Lara,  who  murdered  his  uncle 
Rodri'go  while  hunting,  to  avenge  the 
death  of  his  seven  ha^-brothers.  The 
tale  is,  that  Rodrigo  Velasquez  invited 
his  seven  nephews  to  a  feast,  when  a  fray 
took  place  m  which  a  Moor  was  slain; 
the  aunt,  who  was  a  Moorish  lady,  de- 
manded vengeance,  whereupon  the  seven 
boys  were  allured  into  a  ravine  and 
eruelly  murdered.  Mudarra  was  the  son 
of  the  same  father  as  **the  seven  sons 
of  Lara,"  but  not  of  the  same  mother. 
— Homanoe  of  the  Eleventh  Century. 

Muddle,  the  carpenter  under  captain 
Savage  and  lieutenant  0*Brien. — Captain 
Marryat,  Peter  Simple  (1838). 

Muddlewiok  (THptolemus),  in 
Charles  XI L,  an  histoncal  drama  by 
J.  R.  Planchd  (1826). 

Mudjekee'wiB,  the  father  of  Hia- 
watha, and  subsequentlv  potentate  of  the 
winds.  He  gave  all  the  winds  but  one 
to  his  children  to  rule;  the  one  he  re- 
served was  the  west  wind,  which  he  him- 
self ruled  over.  The  dominion  of  the 
winds  was  given  to  Mudjekeewis  because 
he  slew  the  great  bear  called  the  Mishd- 
Mokwa. 

Tbae  wu  alaiii  the  MMi^Mokwa  .  . 
**  Honour  be  to  Murtjekeevtii  I 
fieneefprth  ha  rfiaU  be  Uie  weet  wind. 


MUG. 


670 


MULMurnrs. 


Aod  hcrMfler,  cTcn  for  ( 

8haUlMboldMpraiM< 

Over  all  Um  irlndi  of  bMVMu* 

LoncfaOov.  Bimmmtkm,  fl.  (UBQ. 

Muff  {Matthew),  %  caricmtnre  of  the 
duke  of  Newca«Ue.~S.  Foote,  The  Mayor 
of  Garratt  (1763). 

Mugello,  the  gUnt  sbun  by  Avemrdo 
de  Medici,  a  commander  under  Chsrle- 
ma^e.  This  giant  wielded  a  mace  from 
which  hung  three  balls,  which  the  Medici 
adopted  as  their  device. 

♦*♦  They  have  been  adopted  by  pawn- 
brokers as  a  symbol  of  their  trade. 

Mugffins  (/>r.),  a  sapient  physician, 
who  had  the  art  **to  snit  his  physic  to 
his  patients*  taste : "  so  when  king  ArUx- 
aminoas  felt  a  little  seedy  after  a  night^s 
debauch,  the  doctor  prescribed  to  his 
majesty  "  to  take  a  morning  whet."— W. 
B.  Khodes,  Ihmbastes  Furiodo  (1790). 

MuhldenatL,  the  minister  of  Marien- 
dorpt,  and  father  of  Meeta  and  Adolpha. 
When  Adolpha  was  an  infant,  she  was 
lost  in  the  siege  of  Magdeburg;  and 
Muhldenan,  having  reason  to  suppose  that 
the  child  was  not  killed,  went  to  Prague 
in  search  of  her.  Here  Muhldenau  was 
seized  as  a  spy,  and  condemned  to  death. 
Meeta,  hearing  of  his  capture,  walked  to 
Prague  to  beghim  off,  and  was  introduced 
to  the  governor's  Hupposed  daughter,  who, 
in  reality,  was  Mceta's  sister  Adolpha. 
Rupert  Koselbeim,  who  was  betrothed  to 
Meeta,  stormed  the  prison  and  released 
Muhldenau.-— S.  Knowles,  The  Maid  of 
Mariendorpt  (1888). 

Mulatto,  a  half-caste.  Strictly  speak- 
iiu:,  Zambo  is  the  issue  of  an  Indian  and 
a  Negress  ;  Mulatto,  of  a  Whitemanand  a 
Negress ;  Terxeron.  of  a  Whiteman  and  a 
Mulatto  woman;  Quadroon,  ofaTerzeron 
and  a  White. 

Mul'oiber,  Vulcan,  who  was  black- 
smith, architect,  and  god  of  fire. 

In  Aoaonbui  kind 
Men  cidled  him  Muldber;  and  how  b«  fell 
From  henven,  they  tMvd,  Uirown  by  nngiy  Jove 
Sheer  o'er  Uie  crystal  battlcmento  ;  ntmi  morn 
To  noon  he  fell,  fhMn  nuon  to  dewy  eve, 
A  Minunei'B  day ;  and  with  the  letting  am 
Dropt  fttMn  the  wQlth  Uke  a  falling  star, 
Un  Lemnoe,  the  wBgaan  lie. 

MUton,  Pmradim  Utt,  710,  ete.  (ItK). 

Muley  Bugentufl  king  of  Morocco, 
a  blood-and-thunder  hero.  He  is  the 
chief  character  of  a  tragedy  of  the  same 
name,  by  Thomas  de  la  Fuenta. 

In  the  flrtt  act.  the  king  of  Morocco,  hy  «>y  of  re- 
creation, riiot  a  hundred  Moorish  tiMvm  with  arrtjws  ;  hi 
the  aeoond.  he  beheaded  thirty  Portngueee  ofllceni, 
primners  of  war :  and  in  Uie  third  and  hut  act  Muley. 
mad  with  Ida  wiree.  aet  Sre  with  hia  own  hand  to  a 
detached  palace,  in  whkh  ihey  were  ahut  up.  and  roduood 


fWrn  an  to 

vltha 

ing 


.J  Tali  '  i"iBflg'iiUi'ii.  a<  tnmpanied 

rtiriefca,  domd  the  piece  in  a  leij  dtwtf> 
Ml  Mat.  IL  9  (ITU^ 


Mull  Sack.  John  Cottington,  in  the 
time  of  the  Commonwealth,  was  so  called, 
from  his  favourite  beverage.  John 
Cottington  emptied  the  pockets  of  Oliver 
Cromwell  when  lord  protector ;  stripped 
Charles  II.  of  £1500 ;  and  stole  a  watch 
and  chain  from  lady  Fairfax. 

*0*  Mull  sack  is  spiced  sherry  negus. 

Mulla'B  Bard,  Spenser,  author  of 
the  FaSry  Queen,  The  Mulla,  a  tributary 
of  the  Blackwater,  in  Ireland,  flowed  close 
by  the  spot  where  the  pHoet*s  house  stood. 
He  was  bom  and  died  in  London  (1559- 
1599). 

...  It  trki  ne  whOe  I  wriK 
Asenttbe  hani  of  Mnlte'i  allrer  atraua. 
Oft  ae  be  told  of  deadly  ddoroui  pUcbt 
SIghad  aa  he  aong.  and  aid  in  toanlndDte. 

BhanatOM^  Th*  SekmimUtnm  QTWH. 

Mulla,  Thomas  Campbell,  in  his  poem 
on  the  Spanish  Parrot,  calls  the  island  of 
MuU  «*  Mnlla*s  Shore." 

Mtdlet  (Professor),  the  "most  re- 
markable man**  of  North  America.  He 
denounced  his  own  &ther  for  voting  on 
the  wrong  side  at  an  election  for  presi- 
dent, and  wrote  thunderbolts,  in  the  form 
of  pamphlets,  under  the  signature  of 
"Suturb**  or  Brutus  reversed. — C 
Dickens,  Martin  Chuzzletcit  (1844). 

Mai'mutine  Iiaws,  ihe    code  of 

Dunvallo  Mulmutius,  sixteenth  king  of  the 

Britons  (about  b.c.  400).    This  code  wa« 

translated  by  Gildas  from  British  into 

Latin,  and  by  Alfred  into  English.    The 

Mulmutine  laws  obtained  in  this  coontiy 

till  the  Conquest. — Holinshed,  History  of 

England,  etc,,  iu.  1  (1577). 

Muhnotlai  made  ear  law^ 
Who  vaa  the  flnt  of  Britain  whteh  did  pot 
His  brow*  wtthhi  agoMen  crown,  and  calTd 
Dmaelf  akiofr 

Hhakeapeawi,  O^mttHma,  act  ML  w.  1 QMH 

Mtdmutius  (Dunvallo),  son  of 
Goten  king  of  ComwalL  "  He  excelled 
all  the  kings  of  Britain  in  valour  and 
gracefulness  of  person.**  In  a  battle 
fought  against  the  allied  Welsh  and 
Scotch  armies,  Mulmutius  tried  the  very 
scheme  which  Virgil  (^neid,  ii.)  says 
was  attempted  by  .£neas  and  his  com- 
panions— toat  is,  they  dressed  in  the 
clothes  and  bore  the  arms  of  the  enemy 
slain,  and  thus  disguised  committed  veiy 
great  slaughter.  Mulmutius,  in  his  dis- 
guise, killed  both  the  Cambrian  and 
Albanian  kings,  and  put  the  allied  army 
to  thorough  rout. — Geoffrey,  British  His- 
tory, ii.  17. 


MULTON. 


671 


MUSCAROL. 


Mahnatlni  thk  land  In  ladi  wtate  nuUntatned 
As  hk  p«rt  ImWi*  Brata. 

Dtajrton,  PMtyoWM,  tUL  aCU)- 

Multon  (Sir  Thomas  dtf),  of  Gilsland. 
He  is  lord  de  Ysux,  a  cnutader,  and 
master  of  the  horse  to  king  Richard 
1.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Taliaman  (time, 
Richard  I.). 

Mumblaoen  (Master  Michael)^  the 
old  herald,  a  dependent  of  sir  Hugh 
Robsart.— Sir  W.  Scott,  KenUworth  (time, 
Elizabeth). 

M umbo  Junxbo,  an  African  bogie, 
hideons  uid  malignant,  the  terror  of 
women  and  children. 

Mumps  (7^)i  keeper  of  the 
"  Mumps^  Ha*  ale-hons*,"  on  the  road  to 
Charlie's  Hope  farm.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Ouy 
Manmering  (tune,  Geoi^e  II.). 

Mundhau'sen  (The  baron) j  a  hero 
of  most  marvellous  adventures. — Rudolf 
Erich  Raspe  (a  German,  but  storekeeper 
of  the  Dolcoau  mines,  in  Cornwall,  1792). 

*«*  The  name  is  said  to  refer  to 
Hieronymus  Karl  Friedrich  von  MOnch- 
hansen,  a  German  officer  in  the  Russian 
army,  noted  for  his  marvellous  stories 
(1720-1797).  It  is  also  supposed  to  be  an 
implied  satire  on  the  travellers*  tales  of 
baron  de  Tott  in  his  M^moires  eur  les 
TnrcM  et  Tartares  (1784),  and  those  of 
James  Bruce  "The  African  Traveller'* 
in  his  Travdt  to  Dieoover  the  Sources  of 
the  Nite  (1790). 

Munchausen  (T%e  baron).  The  French 
baron  Munchausen  is  represented  by  M. 
de  Cnc,  the  hero  of  a  French  operetta. 

Mu'iiera,  daughter  of  PoUentd  the 
Saracen,  to  whom  ne  gave  all  the  spoils 
he  could  lay  his  hands  on.  Munera  was 
beautiful  and  rich  exceedingly ;  but  Talus, 
having  chopped  off  her  golden  hands  and 
silver  feet,  tossed  her  mto  the  moat. — 
Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  v.  2  (1596). 

MungOy  a  black  slave  of  don  Diego. 

Dmt  bMrt.  what  a  terrible  life  am  I  lad ! 

A  4a«  hM  a  belter  daCa  riieltered  and  fed  .  .  . 

MoBtabere,  Maafoikre, 

Mmwo  evei  I  •bare .  •  . 
Ma  «l*  i»  4a  bird  me  vaa  dead. 

IL  BtekcTMair.  Tkt  Pudtodt  (17«k 

Murat  (The  Jiussian),  Michael  Blilo- 
ladowitch  (I77O-1820). 

Murdfitone  (Edicard).  the  second 
husband  of  Mrs.  Copperfield.  His  cha- 
racter was  "  firmness,**  that  is,  an  un- 
bending self-will,  which  rendered  the 
young  life  of  David  intolerably  wretched. 

Jane  Murdstone,  sister  of  Edward,  as 
hMd  and  heartless  as  her  brother.    Jane 


Murdstone  became  the  comnanion  of  Dora 
Spenlow,  and  told  Mr.  Spenlow  of  David's 
love  for  Dora,  hoping  to  annoy  David. 
At  the  death  of  Mr.  Spenlow,  Jane  re- 
turned to  live  with  her  brother. — ^Dickens, 
David  Copperfield  (1849). 

Murray  or  Moray  (The  bonnie  earl 
of),  James  Stuart,  the  **  Good  Regent,*' 
a  natural  son  of  James  Y.  of  Scotland  by 
Margaret  daughter  of  John  lord  Erskine. 
He  joined  the  reform  party  in  1556,  and 
went  to  France  in  1561  to  invite  Mary 
queen  of  Scots  to  come  and  reside  in 
her  kingdom.  He  was  an  accomplice  in 
the  murder  of  Rizzio,  and  during  the 
queen*s  imprisonment  was  appointed 
re^nt.  According  to  an  ancient  ballad, 
this  bonny  earl  **  was  the  queen's  love, 
i.e.  Queen  Anne  of  Denmark,  daughter  of 
Freaerick  II.,  and  wife  of  James  I.  of  Eng- 
land. It  is  said  that  Jamefl^  being  jealous 
of  the  handsome  earl,  instigated  the  earl 
of  Hnntly  to  murder  him  (1531-1570). 

Introduced  by  sir  W.  Scott  in  2^ 
Monastery  and  The  Abbot  (time,  Eliza- 
beth). 

Murray  (John),  of  Broughton,  secre- 
tary to  Charles  Edward,  the  Young  Pre- 
tender. He  turned  king's  evidence,  and 
revealed  to  Government  all  the  circum- 
stances which  gave  rise  to  the  rebellion, 
and  the  persons  most  active  in  its  organi- 
zation. 

If  crimet  Hke  tbcee  baraafter  are  torglreu, 
Jodaa  and  Manajr  both  aiax  go  to  baavea. 

JmoohUt  R0lie$,  U.  37i. 

MusauBy  the  poet  Q^o.  1410),  author 
of  the  el^ant  tale  of  jLeander  and  Nero, 
Virgil  olaces  him  in  the  Elysian  fields, 
attended  fa^  a  vast  multitude  of  ghosts, 
MussBus  bemg  taller  by  a  head  thMi  any 
of  them  (jEneid,  vi.  677). 

Swarm ...  aa  the  infernal  qilrUa 

On  iweet  Mnamw  when  be  caate  to  heD. 

C.  llarlowa.  Dr.  rautttu  (1890). 

Muscadins  of  Paris,  Paris  exqui- 
sites, who  aped  the  London  cockneys  in  the 
first  French  Revolution.  Their  dress  wa« 
top-boots  with  thick  soles,  knee-breeches, 
a  dress-coat  with  long  tails  and  high  stiff 
collar,  and  a  thick  cudgel  called  a  oon» 
stitution.  It  was  thought  John  Bull-like 
to  assume  a  huskiness  of  voice,  a  dis- 
courtesy of  manners,  and  a  swaggering 
vulgarity  of  speech  and  behaviour. 

CbckoejraorLondool  MoMuUns  of  Park  I 

Brron.  Don  Juan,  vlU.  134  (lSt4). 

Mus'carol,  king  of  flies,  and  father 
of  Clarion  the  most  beautiful  of  the  race. 
— -Spen«er,  Muiopotmos  or  The  Butterfly's 
Fate  (1590). 


HUSB. 


672 


MUSIDORA. 


MoBe  (The  TnUA),  Marie  Lt^Mn  de 
Gourna^,  a  French  wnter  (1666-1645). 

Antometto  Deshoulieres ;  aUo  called 
"  The  French  Calllln^''  Her  best  work 
is  an  allegory  caUed  Le»  Moutont  (1633- 
1694). 

Mdlle.  Scnd^ri  was  preposteronsly  so 
called  (1607-1701). 

Also  Delphi ne  Gay,  afterwards  Mde. 
Emile  de  (jirardin.  Her  nom  de  plume 
was  **  viconte  de  Launay."  Bmnger 
sang  of  **  the  beanty  of  her  shoolders,** 
and  Chftteanbriand  of  **the  charms  ot 
her  smile**  (1804-1856). 

Muae-Motlier.  Mnemos'ynd,  god- 
dess of  memory  and  mother  of  the  Muses. 


(um. 


Tkmt  fVMt  Moae-motiMr. 


Muses  {SifmboU  of  the), 

Cal'liopb  [ATdr./y.d.py],  the  epic 
Muse:  a  tablet  and  stylus,  sometimes  a 
scroll. 

Clio,  Muse  of  history:  a  scroll,  or 
open  chest  of  books. 

Er'ato,  Muse  of  love  ditties :  a  l3rre. 

EuTBB'pfi,  Muse  of  lyric  poetry:  a 
flute. 

MRLPOM'Exft,  Muse  of  tragedy:  a 
tragic  mask,  the  club  of  Hercul^  or  a 
sword.  She  wears  the  cothurnus,  and 
her  head  is  wreathed  with  vine  leaves. 

Pol'yhym'nia, Muse  of  sacred  poetry: 
sits  pensive,  but  has  no  attribute,  because 
deity  is  not  to  be  represented  by  any 
visible  symbol. 

TRHPflic'HORfi  lTerp.siGy.o,ry]f  Muse 
of  choral  song  and  dance :  a  lyre  and  the 
plectrum. 

Thali'a,  31  use  of  comedy  and  idyllic 
poetry :  a  comic  mask,  a  shepherd's  staff, 
or  a  wreath  of  ivy. 

Uran'ia,  Muse  of  astronomy :  carries 
a  staff  pointing  to  a  globe. 

Museum  (A  Walkmg),  Longlnus, 
author  of  a  work  on  T/te  Sublime  (213- 
273). 

Musgrave  (Sir  Richard),  the  English 
champion  who  fought  with  sir  William 
Dcloraine  the  Scotch  champion,  to  de- 
cide by  combat  whether  young  Scott,  the 
heir  of  Branksome  Hall,  should  become 
the  page  of  king  Edward  or  bo  delivered 
u^  to  his  mother.  In  the  combat,  sir 
Richard  was  slain,  and  the  boy  was 
delivered  over  to  his  mother.—Sir  W. 
Scott,  Lay  of  the  Last  Minstrel  (1806), 

Musgrave  (Sir  Miles) ,  an  officer  in  the 
king's  service  under  the  earl  of  Mont- 


rose.—Sir  W.  Scott,  Legend  of  Montrote 
(time,  Charles  I.). 

Music  Amphion  is  said  to  har^ 
built  the  walls  of  Thebes  by  the  music 
of  his  lyre.  Ilium  and  the  capital  of 
Arthur's  kingdom  were  also  built  to 
divine  music.  The  city  of  Jericho  was 
destroyed  by  music  (Joshua  vL  20). 


To 


Music  and  Men  of  Genius,  Hume,  Dr. 
Johnson,  sir  W.  Scott,  Robert  Peel,  and 
lord  Byron  had  no  ear  for  music,  and 
neither  vocal  nor  instrumental  music 
gave  them  the  slightest  pleasure.  To  the 
poet  Rogers  it  f^ve  actual  discomfort. 
Even  the  harmonious  Pope  preferred  the 
harsh  dissonance  of  a  street  organ  to 
Handel's  oratorios. 

Music  (Father  of),  Giovanni  Battista 
Pietro  Aloisio  da  Palestri'na  (1529-1694). 

Music  (Father  of  Greek),  Terpander  (fl. 
B.O.  676). 

Music  and  Madness.  Persons 
bitten  by  the  tarantula  are  said  to  be 
cured  bv  music — See  Burton,  Anatomy 
of  Melancholy,  iL  2  (1624). 

Music's  First  Margrr.  Menaphon 
says  that  when  he  was  in  Thessaly  he  saw 
a  youtii  challenge  the  birds  in  music; 
and  a  ni^tingale  took  up  the  challen^ 
For  a  time  ue  contest  was  uncertain; 
but  then  the  youth,**  in  a  rapture,**  played 
so  cunningly,  that  the  bird,  despairing, 
**  down  dropped  upon  his  lute,  aiul  brake 
her  heart." 

%*  This  beautiful  tale  by  Strada  (in 
lAtin)  has  been  translated  in  rhyme 
b^    R.   Crashaw.     Versions   have   been 

given  by  Ambrose  Philips,  and  others; 
ut  none  can  compare  with  the  exquisite 
relation  of  John  Ford,  in  his  drama 
entitled  The  Lover's  Melancholy  (1628). 

Music  hath  Charms  to  soothe 

the    stubborn     breast. — Congreve,     The 

Mourning  Bnde,  i.  1  (1697). 

ir  Memo  be  Oie  Food  af  Lora,  pkf  on ; 
CIto  mc  CKCW  of  It 
Sbtkmpmn,  nmifOt  Jfttki,  mC  L  k.  I  (UU). 

Musical  Small-Coal  Man,  Thos. 
Britton,  who  used  to  sell  small  coals, 
and  keep  a  musiod  club  (1664-1714). 

Musicians  (Prince  of),  Giovanni 
Battista  Pietro  Aloisio  da  Palestri'na 
(1629-1694). 

Musidora,  the  dame  du  cceur  of 
Damon.  Damon  thought  her  co3*ne8s 
was  scorn;   but  one  day  he  caught  her 


MUSIDORUS. 


673 


MY  UTTLE  ALL. 


bathing,  and  his  delicacy  on  the  occasion 
so  eiMmantod  her  that  she  at  once  ac- 
cepted his  proffered  love. — ^Thomson, 
Sea9(m8  ("  Snmmer/'  1727). 

Kusido'rUB,  a  hero  whose  exploits 
are  told  by  sir  Philip  Sidney,  in  his 
Arcadia  (1581). 

Kosketeer,  a  soldier  armed  with  a 
musket,  but  specially  applied  to  a  com- 
pany of  gentlemen  who  were  a  mounted 
gnard  in  the  service  of  the  king  of 
Fiance  from  1661. 

They  formed  two  companies,  the  grey 
and  the  biack ;  so  called  from  the  colour 
of  their  hair.  Both  were  clad  in  scarlet, 
and  hence  their  quarters  were  called  the 
MaiaoH  rouge.  In  peace  they  followed 
the  king  in  the  chase  to  protect  him ;  in 
war  they  fought  either  on  foot  or  horse- 
back. They  were  suppressed  in  1791 ; 
restored  in  1814,  but  only  for  a  few 
months ;  and  after  the  restoration  of 
Louis  XVIII.,  we  hear  no  more  of  them. 
Many  Scotch  gentlemen  enrolled  them- 
selves among  tiiese  dandy  soldiers,  who 
went  to  war  with  curled  hair,  white 
gloves,  and  perfumed  like  milliners. 

*0*  A.  Dumas  has  a  novel  called  The 
Three  Musketeers  (1844),  the  first  of  a 
series ;  the  second  is  Twenty  Years  After- 
foards;  and  the  third,  Viconte  de  Brage- 
Umne, 

•HCyiallTij  the  talkative,  impertinent, 
intriguing  suivante  of  Mrs.  Lovemore. 
Mistress  Muslin  is  sweet  upon  William 
tiie  footman ;  and  loves  cards. — A.  Mur- 
phy, The  Way  to  Keep  Him  (1760). 

Muflsel,  a  fountain  near  the  waterless 
sea,  which  purges  from  transgression. 
So  called  because  it  is  contained  in  a 
hollow  stone  like  a  mussel-shell.  It  is 
mentioned  l^  Prester  John,  in  his  letter 
to  Manuel  Comnenus  emperor  of  Con- 
stantinople. Those  who  test  it  enter  the 
water,  and,  if  they  are  true  men,  it  rises 
till  it  covers  their  heads  three  times. 

Mus'tafiEl,  a  poor  tailor  of  China, 
ftither  of  Aladdin,  killed  by  illness 
brought  on  bv  the  idle  vagabondism  of 
his  son. — Arabian  Nights  ("Aladdin  and 
the  Wonderful  Lamp  **). 

ICutton,  a  courtezan,  sometimes 
called  a  **  laced  mutton."  **  Mutton 
Lane,"  in  Clerkenwell,  was  so  called 
because  it  was  a  suburra  or  quarter  for 
harlots.  The  courtezan  was  called  a 
"Mutton"  even  in  the  reign  of  Henry 
III.,  for  Bracton  speaks  of  them  as  ovcs, 
— De  Legibus,  etc,y  li.  (1669). 


MtUton  (Who  Stole  the)  f  This  was  a 
common  street  jeer  flung  on  policemen 
when  the  force  was  first  organized,  and  rose 
thus :  The  first  case  the  force  had  to  deal 
with  was  the  thief  of  a  leg  of  mutton; 
but  they  wholly  failed  to  detect  the  ^ef, 
and  the  laugh  turned  against  them. 

Mutton  -  SSating  Kins  (The)^ 
Charles  II.  of  England  (16§0,  1659- 
1685). 

Hera  Hm  oar  mutton-oUliiK  kiag, 
WbocB  word  no  man  rdm  on ; 

lie  nerer  mid  m  fooliah  thlna 
And  nerar  Md  m  win  oo'. 

luloritochMter. 

Mutual  Friend  (Ow),  a  novel  by 
Charles  Dickens  (1864).  The  "mutual 
friend  "  is.Mr.  Boffin  "  the  golden  dust- 
man," who  was  the  mutual  friend  of 
John  Harmon  and  of  Bella  Wilfer.  The 
tale  is  this :  John  Harmon  was  supposed 
to  have  been  murdered  by  Julius  Hand- 
ford;  but  it  was  Ratford,  who  was 
murdered  by  Rogue  Riderhood,  and  the 
mistake  arose  from  a  resemblance  be- 
tween the  two  persons.  By  his  ibther's 
will,  John  Harmon  was  to  marry  Bella 
Wilfer ;  but  John  Harmon  knew  not  the 
person  destined  by  his  father  for  his 
wife,  and  made  up  his  mind  to  dislike 
her.  After  his  supposed  murder,  he 
assumed  the  name  of  John  Rokesmith, 
and  became  the  secretary  of  Mr.  Boffin 
*'  the  golden  dustman,"  residuary  legatee 
of  old  John  Harmon,  by  which  he  became 
possessor  of  £100,000.  Boffin  knew 
liokesmith,  but  concealed  his  knowledge 
for  a  time.  At  Boffin*s  house,  John  Har- 
mon (as  Rokesmith)  met  Bella  Wilfer, 
and  fell  in  love  with  her.  Mr.  Boffin,  in 
order  to  test  Bella's  love,  pretended  to 
be  angrv  with  Rokesmith  for  presuming 
to  love  Bella ;  and  as  Bella  married  him, 
he  cast  them  both  off  "  for  a  time,"  to 
live  on  John's  earnings.  A  babe  was 
bom,  and  then  the  husband  took  the 
young  mother  to  a  beautiful  house,  and 
told  her  he  was  John  Harmon,  Uiat  Uie 
house  was  their  house,  that  he  was 
the  possessor  of  £100,000  through  the 
disinterested  conduct  of  their  "mutual 
friend"  Mr.  Boffin;  and  the  young  couple 
live  happily  with  Mr.  and  Mrs.  lk>ffin,  in 
wealth  and  luxury. 

My-Book  {Dr.).  Dr.  John  Aber- 
ne'thy  (1765-1830)  was  so  called,  because 
he  used  to  say  to  his  patients,  "  Read  my 
book  "  ((?»  liturgical  Observations). 

My  Iiittle  AIL 

I  was  twice  bunit  out.  Mid  lost  ray  littJe  all  both  Unum, 
— BherkUui.  The  VrUte.  I.  1  (177V). 

2  X 


MYREBEAU. 


674 


NADGETT. 


Myrebeau  {L«  siemv  de),  one  of  the 
committee  of  the  states  of  Bar^ndv. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Anne  of  QtiersUm  (time, 
Edward  IV.). 

Myro,  a  statuary  of  Elen'th^rse,  who 
carved  a  cow  mo  true  to  nature  that  even 
bulls  mistook  it  for  a  living  uiimal.  (See 
U0B8B  Painted.) 

E'en  Mjrro'i  rtwtiiei.  wMoh  for  art  iiirpMt 
All  uUmti,  oooe  ir«re  but  a  ilmpcleai  mtm. 

Ovid.  AH  tf  Lorn,  fL 

Myrob'alan  Comfits  (Greek,  mtmm 
bcUanon^  **  mvrrh  fruit "),  dried  fruits  of 
various  kinds,  sometimes  used  as  pur- 
gatives. The  citrms  resemUe  the  French 
**  prunes  de  Mirabelle ;  **  the  beterins  have 
a  noyau  flavour ;  the  indis  are  acidulated. 
There  are  several  other  varieties. 


Biwlf 


lo  W0  than  Um  nijrabolan  f rie]  eamlU. 
W.  Becklbrd.  Vatka  (1786). 


M^rra,  an  Ionian  slave,  and  the  be- 
loved concubine  of  Sardanapalus  the 
Assyrian  king.  She  roused  hhn  from  his 
indolence  to  resist  Arba'ces  the  Hede, 
who  aspired  to  his  throne,  and  when  she 
found  his  cause  hopeless,  induced  him  to 
mount  a  funeral  pile,  which  she  fired  with 
her  own  hand,  and  then  springing  into 
the  flames  she  perished  with  the  tyrant. — 
Byron,  Sardanapalus  (1819). 

At  ooca  brav*  aiid  t«ndar,  enamoured  of  h«r  kxd,  yat 
narnlnc  to  be  free;  wonhfppinc  at  once  ber  dlirtant 
laad  and  tbe  aofi  barbarian.  .  .  .  Tb«  bntiim  of  tbis 
fair  Ionian  b  never  abore  nature,  fti  alwajn  on  Uie 
blgbeit  Ter^e.  Ibe  proud  melanchnly  tbat  uifnRlc*  with 
her  chararter.  rceaQlnf  bar  fatherUnd ;  ber  warm  and 
■eneruua  love,  witbout  one  tinae  of  srif ;  ber  pawlnnare 
dedre  to  elevate  the  nature  of  Sardanapalu*,— are  tbe 
rente  of  tbe  mtrest  sentiment  and  tbo  nobieet  art— Ed- 
ward Ljrtlon  Bulwer  (lord  L^ttonji 


Mjrsie,  the  female  attendant  of  ladr 
Margaret  Bellenden  of  the  Tower  of  Til- 
lietudlem.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Old  MoHaiity 
(time,  Charles  II.). 

MysiCf  the  old  housekeeper  at  Wolfs 
Crag  Tower.  — Sir  W.  Scott,  Bride  of 
Zammermoor  (time,  William  III.). 

Mysis,  the  scolding  wife  of  Sile'no, 
and  mother  of  Daph'ne  and  Nysa.  It  is 
to  Mysis  Uiat  Apollo  sings  that  popular 
song,  "  Pray,  G<K)dy,  please  to  moderate 
the  rancour  of  your  tongue  **  (act  i.  3). 
—Kane  O'Hara,  Mkias  (1764). 

Mysterious  Husband  (The)y  a 
tragedy  by  Cumberland  (178S).  Lord 
Davenant  was  a  bigamist.  His  first  wife 
was  Marianne  Dormer,  whom  he  forsook 
in  three  months  to  marry  I^uisa  Travers. 
Marianne,  supposing  her  husband  to  be 
dead,  married  lord  Davenanfs  son ;  and 
Miss  Dormer's  brother  was  the  betrothed  of 
the  second  lady  Davenant  before  her  mar- 


riage with  his  lordship,  but  was  told  that 
he  had  proved  faithless  and  had  married 
another.  The  report  of  lord  Davenant*s 
death  and  the  marriage  of  captain  Dormer 
were  both  false.  When  the  villainy  of 
lord  Davenant  could  be  concealed  no 
longer,  he  destroyed  himself. 


NBh,  the  fairy  that  addressed  Orpheus 
in  the  infernal  regions,  and  oifered  him 
for  food  a  roasted  ant,  a  flea's  tiiigfa, 
butterflies*  brains,  some  sucking  mit«8,  a 
rainbow  tart,  etc.,  to  be  washed  down  with 
dew-drops  and  beer  made  from  seven 
barleycorns — a  very  heady  liquor. — King, 
Orpheus  and  Eurydhe  (1790-1806). 

iN'ab-man  ( The)^  a  sheriffs  oflicer. 

dd  Domton  baa  aent  tbe  nab^naa  after  bim  at  laet. 
—Oug  Mannering,  U.  S. 

*^  This  is  the  dramatized  version  of 
sir  W.  Scott's  novel,  by  Terry  (1816). 

Naoien,  the  holy  hermit  who  intro- 
duced (ialahad  to  the  "Siege  Perilous,** 
the  only  vacant  seat  in  the  Hound  TaUe. 
This  seat  was  reserved  for  the  knight  who 
was  destined  to  achieve  the  quest  of  the 
holy  graal.  Nacien  told  the  king  and 
his  knights  that  no  one  but  a  virgin 
knight  could  achieve  that  quest. — Sir  T. 
Malory,  History  of  Prince  Arthur,  iii, 
(1470). 

li'adab.  in  Dryden*s  satire  of  Absa- 
lom and  Achitophcl,  is  meant  for  lord 
Howard,  a  profligate,  who  laid  claim  to 
great  piety.  As  Nadab  offered  incense 
with  strange  fire  and  was  slain,  so  lord 
Howard,  it  is  said,  mixed  the  consecrated 
wafer  with  some  roast  apples  and  sugar. 
— Pt.  i.  (1681). 

Na'dalet,  a  peculiar  peal  rang  a| 
Christmas-time  by  the  church  bells  of 
Langnedoc 

Christmaa  is  come  ...  a  cominf  whlcb  la  anoouneed  on 
an  sides  oT  ns  .  .  .  bf  aar  cbamilng  nadafeL—CtomMII 
Magazim  (Rug«nle  de  GuMn,  im$\. 

Ifadgett,  a  man  employed  by  Mon-> 
tagiie  Tigg  (manager  of  the  *'  Anglo- 
Ben^lee  Company")  to  make  private 
inouiries.  He  was  a  dried-up,  shrivelled 
old  man.  Where  he  lived  and  how  he 
lived,  nobody  knew  ;  but  he  was  alwajt 


NAG'S  HEAD  CONSECRATION.     676 


NAMES  OF  TERROR. 


to  be  seenwutiB^;  fori«nteonewho  never 
appeared ;  and  lie  would  glide  along  ap- 
parently taking  no  notice  of  any  one. — 
C.  Dickens,  MaHin  ChuzzlewU  (1844). 

Ii'ag'8  Head  Oonseoration,  a 
scandu  perpetuated  by  Pennant  on  tlie 
dogma  of  "apofltoKc  snccesnon.**  The 
''  higb-church  clei^^  **  assert  that  the 
ceremony  called  holy  orders  has  been 
transmitted  without  interruption  from 
the  apostles.  Thus,  the  apostles  laid 
bands  on  certain  persons,  who  (say  they) 
became  ministers  of  the  gospel;  these 
persons  " ordained*'  others  in  the  same 
manner;  and  the  succession  has  never 
been  broken.  Pennant  says,  at  the  Re- 
formation the  bishops  came  to  a  fix. 
There  was  only  one  bishop,  viz.,  Anthony 
Kitchen  of  LJandaif,  and  Bonner  would 
not  allow  him  to  perform  the  ceremony. 
In  this  predicam^it,  the  fourteen  candi- 
dates for  episcopal  ordination  rummaged 
up  Story,  a  deposed  bishop,  and  got  him 
to  <*  lay  hands  *'  on  Parker,  as  an^biriiop 
of  Canterbury.  As  it  would  have  been 
proftuiation  for  Story  to  do  this  in  a 
cathedral  or  church,  the  ceremony  was 
performed  in  a  tavern  called  the  Nag's 
Head,  comer  of  Friday  Street,  Cheapside. 
Strype  refutes  this  scandalous  tale  in  his 
Life  of  Archbishop  Parker,  and  so  docs 
Dr.  Hook  ;  but  it  will  never  be  stamped 
out. 

]fafl[g:leton  (Mr,  and  Ifrs.),  Wpes  of 
a  nagging  husband  and  wife.  They  are 
for  ever  jangling  at  trifles  and  wilful 
misunderstandings. — Punch  (1864-5). 

Ii'akedBear(7^).  Ihah!  the  naked 

hmr  will  hear  yov/  a  threat  and  reproof  to 

unrulv  children  in  North  America.    The 

naked  bear,  says  the  legend,  was  lai|^ 

and  more  ferocious  than  any  of  the  species. 

It  was  quite  naked,  save  and  except  one 

spot  on  its  back,  where  was  a  tuft  of 

white  hair. — Heckewelder,    Transactions 

of  the  American  Phil,  Sac,,  iv.  260. 

Thm  the  wrbAM  old  Nokomis 
Nurard  the  nttle  Hiawatha, 
BaekadMm  Is  bbUadcneradlib 
StilhMl  hb  fretful  wall  bjr  Bavins. 
**Hiuhl  thenakedboirwDlgittheel'' 

ULOOB). 


*ft*  Even  to  the  present  hour  the  threat, 
**  ril  see  your  naked  nose ! "  is  used 
occasionally  in  England  to  quiet  fretful 
and  unruly  children.  I  have  myself 
heard  it  scores  of  times. 

K'aldr',  K'ekir,  or  ITakeer.   (See 

MOXKER  AMD  NaKIB.) 

ITala,  a   legendazy  king   <tf   India, 


noted  for  his  love  of  Damayanti,  and  his 
subseouent  misfortunes,  lliis  legendary 
king  naa  been  the  subject  of  numerous 
poems. 

*^*  Dean  Mihnan  has  translated  into 
English  the  ^isode  from  the  MahdbhdrcUa, 
and  W.  Tates  has  transhUed  the  Nalodaya 
of  tlM  great  Sanskrit  poem. 

N'oma,  a  daughter  of  man,  beloved 
by  the  angel  Zaraph.  Her  wish  was  to 
love  intensely  and  to  love  holily,  but  as 
she  fixed  her  love  on  a  seraph,  and  not 
on  God,  she  was  doomed  to  abide  on 
earth,  "unchanged  in  heart  and  frame,** 
so  long  as  the  earth  endnreth ;  but  at  the 
great  consummation  both  Nama  and  her 
seraph  will  be  received  into  those  courts 
of  love,  where  "love  never  dieth."  — 
Moore,  Iaxvcs  of  the  Angels^  ii.  (1822). 

Namanoos,  Numantia,  a  town  of 
Old  Castile,  in  Spain.  MUton  says  the 
"guarded  mount  looks  towards  Naman- 
cos,"  that  is,  the  fortified  mount  called 
St.  Michael,  at  the  Land's  End,  faces  Old 
Castile.— Milton,  Lyddas,  161  (1638). 

li'amby  (Major),  a  retired  officer, 
living  in  the  suburbs  of  London.  He 
had  been  twice  married ;  his  first  wife 
had  four  children,  and  his  second  wife 
three.  Major  Namby,  though  he  lived 
in  a  row,  always  transacted  his  domestic 
affairs  by  bawling  out  his  orders  from 
the  front  garden,  to  the  anno3-ance  of  his 
neighbours.  He  used  to  stalk  half-way 
down  the  garden  path,  with  his  head  high 
in  the  air,  his  chest  stuck  out,  and  flour- 
ishing his  military  cane.  Suddenly  he 
would  stop,  stamp  with  one  foot,  knock 
up  the  hinder  bnm  of  his  hat,  begin  to 
scratch  the  nape  of  his  neck,  wait  a 
moment,  then  wheel  round,  look  at  the 
first-floor  window,  and  roar  out,  "  Ma- 
tilda !  "  (the  name  of  his  wife)  "  don't  do 
so-and-so  ;*'  or  "  Matilda!  do  so-and-so." 
Then  would  he  bellow  to  the  servants  to 
buy  this,  or  not  to  let  the  ciiildren  eat 
that,  and  so  on. — Wilkie  Collins,  Prag 
Employ  Major  Namby  (a  sketch). 

N'ame.  To  tell  one's  name  to  an  enemy 
about  to  challenge  yon  to  combat  was 
deemed  by  the  ancient  Scotch  heroes  a 
mark  of  cowardice ;  because,  if  the  pre- 
decessors of  the  combatants  had  shown 
hospitality,  no  combat  could  ensue.  Hence 
"  to  tell  one's  name  to  an  enemy  "  was  an 
ignominious  synonym  of  craven  or  coward. 

"  I  have  been  renowned  In  battle,"  mid  den'ontmor, 
"butlntfMrtoldinjnaBWtoafoe."— Onlan,  Oarthon. 


ITamee  of  Terror.    The  following, 


NAMES  OF  TERROR. 


676 


NANCY  OF  THE  VALE. 


amongst  others,  have  been  employed  as 
bogie-names  to  fri^^ten  children  with : — 

Attila  was  a  bogi^-name  to  the  latter 
Romans. 

Bo  or  Boh,  son  of  Odin,  was  a  fierce 
Gothic  captain.  His  name  was  uscmI  by 
his  soldiers  when  they  would  fight  or 
surprise  the  enemy.— Sir  William  Temple. 

*«*  Warton  tells  us  that  the  Dutch 
scared  their  children  with  the  name  of 
Boh. 

^  Bonaparte,  at  the  close  of  the 
eighteenth  and  beginning  of  the  nine- 
teenth centuries,  was  a  name  of  terror  in 
Europe. 

Corvi'nus  (JfaMftou),  the  Hungarian, 
was  a  scare-name  to  the  Turks. 

LiLis  or  LiLiTH  was  a  bogie-name  used 
by  the  ancient  Jews  to  unruly  children. 
The  rabbinical  writers  tell  us  that  Lilith 
was  Adam's  wife  before  the  creation  of 
Ere.  She  refused  to  submit  to  him,  and 
became  a  horrible  night-spectre,  especi- 
ally hostile  to  young  children. 

LuNSFORD,  a  name  employed  to  friehten 
children  in  England.  Sir  Thomas  Luns- 
ford,  governor  of  the  Tower,  was  a  man 
of  most  vindictive  temper,  and  the  dread 
of  every  one. 

Made  children  wtlh  jam  tonea  to  run  §ct% 
As  bad  M  Bloodjr.bonet  or  LontTonL 

&  Buder.  Mudibraa,  UL  S,  Une  lUS  a678). 

Narsrs  (2  syl.)  was  the  name  used  by 
Assyrian  mothers  to  scare  their  diildren 
with. 

nie  name  of  Nanes  wae  Uie  formidable  aoand  with 
which  Uie  Amyjian  mothen  were  aecuetoined  to  terrify 
their  infaaU.— Gibbon,  DmMtu  tmd  Fall  ^  tk*  Bamam 
£mptr9,  vUL  Sit  (1776-88). 

R  AWN  BAD  and  Bloody-bones  were 
at  one  time  bogie-names  to  children. 

SecTants  awe  diiUrm  and  keep  them  in  mhJection  by 
telling  them  of  Rawhead  and  Bloody-bonea— Locke. 

Richard  I.,  "Coeur  de  Lion."  This 
name,  says  Camden  {Bemaina)^  was  em- 
ployed by  the  Saracens  as  a  *'name  of 
dread  and  terror." 

Hit  tremendoni  name  waa  cnphwed  b^  the  Syrfan 
mothen  to  silence  theb-  inlhiits;  and  If  a  hovae  Middenljr 
started  trom  the  way.  his  rider  was  wont  to  excfaam. 

Doet  thou  think  king  Richard  is  hi  the  bosh  T"— Gibbon. 
J>«eHiMamd  Fail  qf  ike  Rommm  Empire,  zL  146 (1776-88). 

Sebastian  ( Dcm),  a  name  of  terror 
once  used  by  the  Moors. 

Nor  Shan  Sebastfaui's  formidable  name 
Be  loBCsr  used  to  still  the  crybiR  babe. 

Drjrden.  Don  StbtmUm  a<SO). 

Talbot  (JbAn),  a  name  used  in  France 

in  terrorem  to  unruly  children. 

Thfljr  Id  France  to  feare  theh-  yonng  diildren  ern,  "  Ibe 
Iklbot  commeth  I  "—Hall.  Chronteha  (1S45). 

hvn  (said  they)  Is  the  terror  of  the  Frmch, 
The  aoirecrow  that  alTHghls  our  chlldrra  lOw 

Shakespeare.  1  Utnrp  VI,  act  L  ac  4  (IflS^k       I 


Is  this  the  lUbot  so  much  feM«d  abnad. 
That  with  hU  name  the  mothers  still  their  ImOmsT 
ShakaqMare.  1  Bmmt  VJ.  act  Ir.  sc  A  (laSS*. 

Tamerlane,  a  name  used  by  the  Tir- 
sians  in  terrorem, 

Tarquin,  a  name  of  terror  in  Roman 
nurseries. 

Hie  nime.  to  stUI  her  cbOd.  will  teO  my  stoiy. 
And  Msht  her  aylng  babe  with  Tuqain's  name. 

Shakoqieare.  Bapt  nf  Laer^et  (lOM). 

(See  also  Naked  Bear.) 

N'amo,  duke  of  Bavaria,  and  one  of 
Charlemagne's  twelve  paladins.— Arioeto, 
Orlando  Furioao  (1516). 

iN'amou'na,  an  enchantress.  Though 
first  of  created  beings,  she  is  still  as 
young  and  beautiful  as  ever,— Persian 
Mythology, 

N'ainoiiBy  the  envoy  of  Mahomet  in 
paradise. 

Nanoy,  servant  to  Mrs.  Pattypan.  A 
pretty  little  flirt,  who  coquets  with  Tim 
Tartlet  and  }roung  Whimsey,  and  helps 
Charlotte  Whimsey  in  her  "love  affairs." 
—James  Cobb,  The  First  Floor  (1766- 
1818). 

Nancyt  a  poor  misguided  girl,  who 
really  loved  the  viUain  Bill  Sikes  (1  syl,). 
In  spite  of  her  surroundings,  she  had 
still  some  good  feelings,  and  tried  to 
prevent  a  burglary  planned  by  Fagin  and 
his  associates.  Bill  Sikes,  in  a  fit  of 
passion,  struck  her  twice  upon  the  face 
with  the  butt-end  of  a  pistol,  and  she  fdl 
dead  at  his  feet— C.  Dickens,  Oliver 
ISoist  (1837). 

Nancy,  the  sailor^s  fancy.  At  half- 
past  four  he  parted  from  her ;  at  eight 
next  mom  he  bade  her  adieu.  Next  day 
a  storm  arose,  and  when  it  lulled  the 
memy  appeared ;  but  when  tiie  fight  was 
hottest,  the  jolly  tar  "  put  up  a  prayer 
for  Nancpr."— Dibdin,  Sea  Songs  ("Twas 
post  mendian  half-past  four,"  1790). 

Nancy  (Miss),  Mrs.  Anna  Oldfield,  a 
celebrated  actress,  buried  in  Westminster 
Abbey.  She  died  in  1730,  and  lav  in 
state,  attended  by  two  noblemen.  Mrs. 
Oldfield  was  buried  in  a  "very  fine 
Brussels  lace  head-dress,  a  new  pair  of 
kid  gloves,  and  a  robe  with  lace  ruffles 
and  a  lace  collar."    (See  Narcissa.) 

li'ancy  Dawson,  a  famous  actress, 
who  took  London  by  storm.  Her  Either 
was  a  poster  in  Clare  Market  (1728-1767). 

Her  eaajr  mloi,  her  diape  so  neat. 
She  footx,  she  trips,  she  looks  so  sweet ; 
I  die  for  Nancy  Dawsan. 

Nanoy  of  the  Vale»   a  village 


>• 


NANNIE. 


677    NAPOLEON  AND  TALLEYRAND. 


maiden,  who  preferred  Strephon  to  the 
gmy  lordlinics  who  soueht  her  hand  in 
marriage. — Shenctone,  A  Ballad  (1564). 

I9'aiinie»  IGss  Fleming,  daughter  of 
a  former  in  tiie  parish  of  Tarbolton,  in 
Ayrshire.    Immortalixed  by  R.  Bums. 

li'ail'tolet,  father  of  Rosalnra  and 
Lillia-Bianca. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher, 
The  WUd-^oo9e  C/uue  (1652). 

ITapoleon  1^  called  by  the  Qermans 
<*  kaiser  Kla8**(9.o.). 

**M^  is  curiously  coupled  with  the 
history  of  Napoleon  I.  and  IH.  (See 
M.,  p.  683.) 

The  following  is  a  curious  play  on  the 
word  Napoleon : — 

oMa 


do. 


TiMtiit 

K«|iole<w«ApoHy<wi  (Mnf ]  ii  a  Hon  golag  about  dottwy- 
lageltfM. 

Ckctuomism^  Napoleon  idolatry.  Chau- 
Tin  is  a  blind  idolator  of  Napoleon  I.,  in 
Scribe's  drama  entitled  Soldat  Labourew. 

The  picture  of  Napoleon  galloping  up 
the  Alps  on  a  rampant  war-charger,  is  by 
David.  The  war-horse  is  a  poetical 
representation  of  a  patient  mule  trudging 
wearily  up  the  steep  ascent,  llie  cocked 
hat  and  cut-awav  coat,  which  the  emperor 
wore  on  gala  dsys,  are  poetical  repre- 
lentatinns  of  the  fur  cap  palled  over  his 
ears,  and  the  thick  grest  coat,  **  close- 
buttoned  to  the  chin,  during  hu  passage 
over  the  mountains. 

li'apoleon  m.    Bit  Nicknames, 

ABRyaxBKBO  (OHNte  4*).    8o  h*  eaUed  hfaniair  aflor 
Ui  ocape  fraoi  the  fortivn  of  Uaai. 
Bajmiiodr.  tho  naoM  of  tho  bmb  1m  Aon  la  hk 


BuvsTBATAi  a  wwpoand  oC  Boa(lofMl  BtnOlbtmril 
aad  Ri^riil  tlw  pbccsofblt  aoted  cKapadoa. 

aatwaw.  8o  callod  from  Iko  rather  amunal  riao  of 
hhnoM. 

Ma3(  or  Dbckubu.  So  caOad  becaow  Deoemlwr  w  m 
hh  BMatti  of  fkny.  Thai,  he  vae  elected  preildect 
IkoceaOier  11.  IMS;  made  bis  eeM|>  dtMnt  December  ^ 
ISB* :  aad  vae  created  emperer  December  S.  ISBi. 

Mam  <w  8SDA5.  So  called  becaoee  at  SedM  ha  mr^ 
weitrid  hh  avavi  to  tha  ktag  ef  Prwda  (SeptaortMr. 

is;*). 

tunrou,  maM  m  the  Weet  of  Bngfauid  RAXnPOLB. 
a  bMamwMiiai.  heV  kMot.  half  RMJmp.  I  mTself  la 
UBt  mir  a  maa  forbiddea  to  m—iln  a  ataigle  alalit  la 
Fkrta.  bccaoN  ha  eddrimed  hb  dof  as  "Bafipolo.*  We 
were  dbib«  at  the  eMBe  tablet. 

Taa  Lrma  Vlofeor  Hafo  fare  Mm  this  thla)  bat 
the  hatred  of  llqp>  to  Napoleoa  was  a  mononuuiia. 

ViaaviL.  tha  name  of  his  supposed  fsther. 


Number  2.  The  second  of  the  month 
was  Loois  Napoleon's  day.  It  was  also 
one  of  the  days  of  his  uncle,  the  other 
being  the  fifteenth. 

The  coup  (T^tat  was  December  2;  he 
was  made  emperor  December  2,  1862 ; 


the  Franco-Prussian  war  opened  at  Saar- 
brUck,  August  2,  1870;  he  surrendered 
his  sword  to  William  of  Prussia,  Septem- 
ber 2,  1870. 

Napoleon  I.  was  crowned  December  2, 
1804 ;  and  the  victory  of  Austerlitz  was 
December  2.  1805. 

Numerical  Curumtiea,  1.  1869,  the 
last  year  of  Napoleon's  glory;  the  next 
year  was  that  of  his  downfall.  As  a 
matter  of  curiosity,  it  may  be  observed  that 
if  the  day  of  Ms  birth,  or  the  dav  of  the 
empress's  birth^  or  the  date  of  the  capi- 
tulation of  Pans,  be  added  to  that  of  the 
coronation  of  Napoleon  111.,  the  result 
always  points  to  1869.  Thus,  he  was 
crowned  1852 ;  he  was  bora  1808 ;  the 
empress  Eug^ie  was  bora  1826 ;  the 
capitulation  of  Paris  was  1871.   Whence: 

ISSI  ISn  ISU    oorouatkm. 

s)    Mrthof        slbiHhof       8 1  capltalatkm 
oTMapoleon.       S  rBogtela.       7f    of  Paris. 


1S8» 


18» 


2.  1870,  the  year  of  his  downfall.  By 
adding  the  numerical  values  of  the  birth- 
date  either  of  Napoleon  or  Eugenie  to  the 
date  of  the  marriage,  we  get  their  fatal 
year  of  1870.  Thus,  Napoleon  was  bora 
1808;  Eugenie,  1826;  married,  1853. 

1881  1S8S    year  of  mairiaia 

s\  Mrthof  SfMrUiaf 

0  rNapolaoa.  S  |  Eugtala. 

IVO  1870 

8.  Emperewr,  The  votes  for  the  presi- 
dent to  be  emperor  were  7,119,791 ;  those 
against  him  were  1,119,000.  If,  now, 
the  numbers  711979  n  I IT9  be  written  on  a 
piece  of  paper,  and  held  up  to  the  light, 
the  reverse  side  will  show  the  word 
emperewr,  (The  dash  is  the  dividing 
mark,  and  forms  the  long  stroke  of  the 
"p.") 

K'ai>oleon  and  Talleyrand.  Na- 
poleon I.  one  day  entered  a  roadside  inn, 
and  called  for  breakfast.  There  was 
nothing  in  the  house  but  ^rgs  and  cider 
(which  Napoleon  detested).  *'  What 
shaU  we  do  ?  **  said  the  emperor  to 
Tallevrand.  In  answer  to  this,  the 
grand  chambellan  improvised  the  rhymes 
following : — 

le  boo  rot  Dagobsrt 
Almaltlebon  fla  aa  dsssert. 

LegraodSt  Dei 

LBldit."OmoBrol, 

Le  droit  rtaai 

L'a  Men  renehM." 
**BiMen|-hddltlerol  .  .. 

But  he  could  get  no  further.    Whereupon 


NAPOLEON  OF  THE  DRAMA.      678         NATIONAL  CONVENTION. 


-rf« 


Napoleon  himself  insUntlj  capped  the 
line  thus: 

"  J«  tMtaal  da  ddra  avm  toi." 

Chapa.  DUjip0,  «te.  (180S). 
On-  rofRl  auMtar  Davobtrt 
flood  wtne  kwid  »HUi  tkMBrt. 
But  St  Dot 
Onoe  shM.  "  Mou  roC 
We  here  prvpure 
No  dainty  fare" 
"  WeB."  cried  the  king,  "m  let  It  b«. 
Ckler  t»4ar  wll  drink  wHb  thM." 

Ii'ai>oleon  of  the  Drama.  Alfred 
Bonn,  lessee  of  Dninr  Lane  Theatre 
(1819-1826)  was  so  called ;  and  so  was 
Robert  William  Etliston,  his  predecessor 
(1774-1826,  died  1831). 

Napoleon  of  Mexico,  tiie  emperor 
Augusto  Iturbidd  (1784-1824). 

N'apoleon   of  Oratory.  W.   E. 

Gladstone  (1809-       ). 

li'apoleoii  of  Peace,  Lonis  Phil- 
lippe  of  France  (1778,  reigned  1880-1848, 
died  1850). 

li'aroiSBa,  meant  for  Elizabeth  Lee, 
the  step-daughter  of  Dr.  Yoong.  In 
Night  li.  the  noet  says  she  was  daa- 
destinely  buried  at  MontpeUier,  because 
she  was  a  protestant. — Dr.  Young.  Night 
I7iought8  (1742-6), 

Ncurciaea,  Mrs.  Oldfield,  the  actress, 
who  insisted  on  being  rouged  and  dressed 
in  Brussels  lace  when  she  was  *'laid  out.*' 
(See  Nancy.) 

"OdkMH!    InwooUeBf   Twoold a aint proroka ! " 
Were  the  last  word*  tliat  poor  Narebm  •poke. 
"  No,  let  •  charmlnK  chlnts  and  Bnnwb  lace 
Wrm>  my  cold  Hmfaa  and  shade  n\)r  Htolew  face ; 
One  vouild  not.  mia.  be  fHghtftU  when  oue'i  dsd  t 
And.  Betty,  give  tUs  riieek  a  Ilttie  icd." 

Pope.  MoKai  JCmm.  L  (ITSl). 


N'aroissus.  a  flower.  Aceerdtng  to 
Grecian  fable,  Nareissos  fell  m  love  with 
his  own  reflection  in  a  fountain,  and, 
having  pined  away  because  he  eenld  not 
kiss  it,  was  changed  into  the  flower  which 
bears  his  name. — Ovid,  Metamorphoses, 
iii.  846,  etc. 

Echo  was  in  love  with  Narcissus,  and 
died  of  grief  because  he  would  not  return 
her  love. 

HarehnsMr. 
As  o'«r  tka  Ikbled  Caaniain  hancfa^ttlU. 

TbooMon.  &MMIM  ("  SpriBft"  ITSS). 

*«*  GUlck,  in  1779,  produced  an  opera 
called  Ucko  et  Nardsse, 

N'arreii-Schiff  ("  the  ship  cf  fools''), 
a  satirical  ^m  in  German,  by  Brandt 
(1491),  lashing  the  follies  and  vices  of 
the  period.  Brandt  makes  knowledge 
of  one's  self  the  beginning  of  wisdom ; 
maintains  the  equality  of  man ;  and  speaks 
of  life  aa  a  brief  passage  only.     Thu 


book   at  one  time  enjoyed   unbounded 
popularity. 

li'arses  (2  syl,),  a  Roman  general 
against  the  Goths ;  the  tenor  of  childien. 

The  name  oT  Naraai  was  the  fbrmidahle  loand  vUi 
which  the  Anurbii  mothen  were  accustomed  to  tcnUy 
their  bifents.— Glhbon.  OmoMmt  mmd  JW/  of  O*  Mmmtm 
Mmpirv,  riii.  119  (177S-SS). 

Norses,  a  domestic  slave  of  Alexins 
Comnenus  emperor  of  Greece. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Count  Robert  of  Paris  (time, 
Bufus). 

"NSLBO,  Ovid,  the  Roman  poet,  whose 
full  name  was  Publius  Ovidius  Naso. 
{Naso  means  *'nos«.")  Henoe  the  pun 
of  Holofemes : 

And  whr  Naso.  hot  ftr  «neOli«  oat  tha  edorMHow 
flowers  of  fancy  t-«iakwpear»  i,— 's  Xra*aea^a  LMt,  it 

It.  bc  i  (IWt). 

N'athaaiel  (Sir),  the  grotesque  earate 
of  Holofemes.  —  Shakespeara,  Xcnw's 
LcAour's  Lost  (1594). 

N'athos,  one  of  the  three  sons  of 
UsBoth  lord  of  Etha  (in  Argyllshire), 
made  commander  of  the  Irish  army  at 
the  death  of  Cutbnllin.  For  a  time  he 
Mopped  up  the  fortune  of  tiie  yootiiful 
Cormac,  but  the  rebel  Cairbar  increased 
in  strength  and  found  means  to  marder 
the  young  king.  The  army  under  Nathos 
then  deserted  to  the  usurper,  and  Nathos 
with  his  two  brothers  was  obliged  to 
quit  Ireland.  Dai^-Thula,  the  daiu^ter 
of  Colla,  went  with  them  to  avoid  Ourfaar, 
who  i)ersi8ted  in  offering  her  his  love. 
The  wind  drove  the  vessel  back  to  Ulster, 
where  Cairbar  lay  encamped,  and  the 
three  young  men,  being  overpowered,  were 
slain.  As  for  Dar-Thula,  she  was  pierced 
with  an  arrow,  and  died  also. — &sian, 
Jktr-nula. 

N'atioii  of  Qentiemen.  The 
Scotch  were  so  called  by  Geoige  lY., 
when  he  visited  Scotland  in  1822. 

N'ation  of  Shopkeepers.  The 
English  were  so  called  oy  Napoleon  I. 

N'ational    Aaa^mhij.     (1>   The 

French  deputies  which  met  in  the  year 
1789.  The  states-general  was  convened, 
but  the  clergy  and  nobles  refused  to  sit  in 
the  same  chamber  with  the  commons,  so 
the  commons  or  deputies  of  the  tisrs  itat 
withdrew,  constituted  themselves  into  a 
deliberative  bodv,  and  assumed  the  name 
of  the  AssenJtMe  Nationale.  (2)  The 
democratic  Frendi  pariiament  of  1848, 
consisting  of  900  members  elected  by 
manhood  suffrage,  was  so  allied  also. 

National  CSonyentioii,  the 


NATTY  BUMPPO. 


679 


NBGUS. 


parliament  of  1792.  It  consistinl  of  721 
members,  but  was  reduced  first  to  500, 
then  to  bu().  It  succeeded  the  National 
Asfembfy. 

Ufatty  Bumppo,  called  "Leather- 
tftockings."  He  appears  in  five  of  F. 
Cooper's  novels:  (1)  The  Deer  slayer ; 
(2)  The  Pathfinder;  (8)  "The  Hawk- 
eye,*'  in  The  Last  of  the  Mohicans ;  (4) 
•*  Natl^Bumppo,*'  in  The  Pioneers;  and 
(6)  "The  Trapper,'*  in  The  Prairie,  in 
which  he  dies. 

li'ature  Abhors  a  Vacuum. 
This  was  an  axiom  of  the  peripatetic 
j^ilosophy,  and  was  repeated  by  Galileo, 
as  an  explanation  of  the  rise  of  water 
for  about  thirty-two  feet  in  wells,  etc. 

N'aualc'aa  (4  jy/.V,  daughter  of 
Alcinous  kinff  of  the  Phoea'cians,  who 
conducted  Ulysses  to  the  court  of  her 
fstbtr  whrs  he  was  shipwrecked  on  the 


as  dM  had  90am  down  throorii  tlMOffAardi 
re  ffwdboi  to  ttie  tea.  haUinf  uie  soUaa  cniM 
of  oQ  In  ooe  luutd.  with  b«r  fort  lara  to  tkat  she  mlslit 
vwle  ia  tha  wave*,  aiid  in  tier  aje*  tlie  xreat  toft  wonder 
tbat  aMMt  kave  oomeUiare  wbeo  Odjrvwui  awoke.— Oukla. 
Arimdmd,  L  1«. 

li'avlgation  (The  Father  of),  don 
Henrioue  duke  of  Viseo,  the  greatest 
nan  tliat  Portagal  has  produced  (1894- 
1460>« 

Navigation  (The  Father  of  British  In- 
iami),  Francis  Eserton,  duke  of  Bridge- 
water  (1736-1803). 

li'aviffet  Antic^rram  (Horace,  Sat., 
ii.  8,  166),  Anticyra,  in  Th^saly,  famous  . 
for  hellebore,  a  remedy  for  madness ; 
hence,  when  a  person  acted  foolishly,  he 
was  told  to  go  to  Anticyra,  as  we  should 
say,  "  to  get  his  simples  cut.** 

S'axiaii  Groves.  Naxos  (now 
Naxia),  an  island  of  the  Mg^n  Sea  or 
the  Archipelago,  was  noted  for  its  wines. 

.  .  .  tdr  Baonantb, 
WDd  horn  Naslaa  gratM. 

LoBsfuilov.  DrimMnfMomf. 

If  ecera,  a  fancy  name  ased  by  Horaiee, 
Virgil,  and  TibaUns,  as  a  tsmonym  of 
sweetheart. 

To  4MMt  vHh  AaMiTDb  In  tba  diada. 
Or  vitk  the  taasleiflr  NeOTa'i  hak. 

Milton.  AywMM  (1S38). 

li'ealliny  (4  syL),  a  suttee,  the  yoang 
widow  of  Ar'valan  son  of  Keha'ma. — 
Soatbey,  Ciwse  of  Kehama,  i.  11  (1809). 

S'ebuchadnezzar  [Ne-boch-ad-ne- 
Tzar\,  in  Russian,  means  *' there  is  no 
God  but  the  czar.**— M.  D ,  Noie9  and 
Queries  (21st  July,  1877). 


N'ecessity.  Longfellow,  in  The  Way^ 
side  Inn  (18(53),  says  the  student : 

Quoted  Horace,  where  he  dngi 
The  dire  NvoeMitjr  ef  thing*. 
That  drive*  into  the  roof  wbllma 
Of  new-bunt  Imums  of  the  great. 
The  adaiaamiae  aaUa  ef  Fata. 

He  refers  to: 


8i  Sglt  adiBuinUao* 
Suaunii  rertidboi  dka  Hi 
Obroa. 


04m.  ULM. 


Ifeek.  Calig'nla  ^e  Roman  emperor 
used  to  say,  **  Oh  that  the  Roman  people 
had  but  one  neck,  that  I  might  cut  it  off 
at  a  blow!" 

I  love  ttie  MX,  and  someClreet  woold  reretM 
The  tyrant's  with,  that  "  nuuildnd  onljr  liad 
One  nedc.  which  he  with  one  feU  stroke  might  pteree.** 
OTfon.  Am  JmitM,  tL  S7  (18M). 

li'eok  or  Ii'othiii£,  a  farce  by  Gar- 
rick  (1766).  Mr.  Stock  well  promises  te 
give  his  daughter  in  marriage  to  the  son 
of  sir  Harry  Harlowe  of  Dorsetshire, 
with  a  dot  of  £10,000  ;  but  it  so  hapi>enf 
that  the  young  man  is  privately  married. 
The  two  servants  of  Mr.  Belford  and  sir 
Harry  Harlowe  try  to  get  possession  of 
the  money,  by  passing  off  Martin  (Bel- 
ford's  servant)  as  sir  Harry's  son  ;  but  it 
so  happens  that  Belford  is  in  love  with 
Miss  Stock  well,  and  hearing  of  the  plot 
through  Jenny,  the  young  lady*s-maid, 
arrests  the  two  servants  as  vagabonds, 
and  old  Stockwell  gladly  consents  to  his 
marriage  with  Nancy,  and  thinks  himself 
weU  out  of  a  terrible  scrape. 

Ifectaba'nus,  the  dwarf  at  the  cell 
of  the  hermit  of  Engaddi. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
The  Talisman  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Neotar^  the  bevenge  of  the  gods. 
It  was  white  as  cream,  for  when  Uebd 
spilt  some  of  it,  the  white  arch  of  heaven, 
caUed  the  Milky  Way,  was  made.  Tha 
load  of  the  gods  was  atnkrosku 

TSfod  (Lying),  "the  chimney-sweeper 
of  Savoy,**  that  is,  the  duke  of  Savoy, 
who  joined  the  allied  army  against  France 
in  the  war  of  the  Spanish  Succession. — 
Dr.  ArbothBot,  Mistory  of  John  BuU 
(1712). 

N'e^pro'nl,  ik  princess,  tfaa  friend  of 
Lnerezia  di  Borgia.  She  invited  the 
notables  who  had  insulted  the  Bor^a  to 
a  banquet,  and  killed  them  with  poisoned 
wine. — Donizetti,  Lwsrezia  di  Borgia 
(an  opera,  1884). 

H'e'c^S,  sovereign  of  Abyssinia. 
Erco'co  or  Erqnico  on  the  Red  Sea  marks 
the  north-east  boundary  of  this  empire. 


^ I 


NEHEMIAH  HOLDENOUGH.       680 


NEPENTHE. 


Th«  empire  oC  Negw  to  hU  atmoat  port, 
Krcooa 

MUton.  Paradim  iMt,  xL  107  (Itn). 

n'ehemiah  Holdenoujifhy  a  pres- 
byterian  preacher.— Sir  W.  ScoU;,  Wood- 
stock (time,  Commonwealth). 

li'eilflOll  (Jfr.  Christopher)^  a  surgeon 
at  Glasgow.— Sir  W.  dcott,  £ob  Roy 
(time,  George  I.). 

li'eiin'heid  (2  syL)  employed  four 
architects  to  build  him  a  palace  in 
Ireland ;  and,  that  they  might  not  build 
another  like  it  or  superior  to  it  for  some 
other  monarch,  had  them  all  secretly 
murdered. — O'HallorMi,  History  of  Ire- 
land, 

*^*  A  similar  story  is  told  of  Noman- 
al-Aouar  kins  of  Hirah,  who  employed 
Senna'mar  to  onild  him  a  palace.  When 
finished,  he  cast  the  architect  headlong 
from  the  highest  tower,  to  prevent  his 
building  another  to  riral  it. — D'Herbelot, 
BibliotMque  OrierUale  (1697). 

ITeka^ali,  sister  of  Rasselas  prince 
of  Abyssinia.  She  escapes  with  her 
brother  from  the  "happy  valley,"  and 
wanders  about  with  him  to  find  what 
condition  or  rank  of  life  is  the  moat 
happy.  After  roaming  for  a  time,  and 
finding  no  condition  of  life  free  from  its 
drawlMcks,  the  brother  and  sister  resolve 
to  return  to  the  "happy  valley." — Dr. 
Johnson,  Rasselas  (1769). 

Nell,  the  meek  and  obedient  wife  of 
Jobson ;  taught  by  the  strap  to  know 
who  was  lord  and  master.  Lady  Love- 
rule  was  the  imperious,  headstrong  bride 
of  sir  John  Loverule.  The  two  women, 
by  a  magical  hocus-pocus,  were  changed 
for  a  time,  without  anv  of  the  four  know- 
ing it.  Lady  Loverule  was  placed  with 
Jobson,  who  soon  brought  down  her  tur- 
bulent temper  with  the  strap,  and  when 
she  was  reduced  to  submission,  the  two 
women  were  restored  i^in  to  their  re- 
spective husbands. — C.  CoflFcy,  The  Devil 
to  Ray  (173}), 

Tb«  in«rit  of  Mri.  CUva  [1711-1786]  M  an  actrea  flnt 
riiowMd  ilMlf  In  "  NeU  "  the  oobbler'i  wife.— T.  Davie*. 

Nell  (Little)  or  Nklly  Trent,  a 
sweet,  innocent,  loving  child  of  14  sum- 
mers, brought  up  by  her  old  miserly 
grandfather,  who  gambled  away  all  his 
money.  Her  days  were  monotonous  and 
without  youthful  companionship,  her 
evenings  gloomy  and  solitary ;  there  were 
no  child-s^pathies  in  her  dreary  home, 
but  dejection,  despondence  akin  to  mad- 
ness, watchfulness,  suspicion,  and  im- 
becility.   The  grandfather  being  wholly 


ruined  by  gaming,  the  two  went  forth  as 
beggars,  and  ultimately  settled  down  in 
a  cotta^  adjoining  a  country  chuischyard. 
Here  Nelly  died,  and  the  old  grandfather 
soon  afterwards  was  foimd  d^id  upon  her 
grave.— O.  Dickens,  The  Old  CuriosUy 
Shop  (1840). 

*«*  The  solution  of  the  grandfather's 
story  is  given  in  ch.  Ixix. 

Nellyf  the  servant-girl  of  Mrs.  Din- 
mont.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Ouy  Mattering 
(time,  George  II.). 

Nelson's  Ship,  the  Victory. 

Now  from  the  S««t  of  the  foenen  paik 

Ahead  of  the  rtetorm. 
A  four-decked  Aip.  with  a  flailiMi  niMl, 

An  AnalK  of  the  wa. 
Hie  gaae  on  the  ifaip  lord  Ndeon  caet ; 

"Oli.ohl  mjroldtHendrquothhet 
"Shice  afain  we  have  met,  we  mwt  aU  he  tfad 
Tb  pay  our  retpeoU  to  the  THmUad." 
80.  fall  on  the  bow  of  the  giant  foe. 

Our  lallant  Vietorp  ran* ; 
Thro'  the  dark'ning  emolM  the  thonder  broka 

O'er  iierdeck  from  a  hundred  gnni. 

Lord  Ljrtton.  (Me;  HL  9(18»V 

Nem'ean  Idon,  a  lion  of  Argttlis, 
slain  by  Herculds. 

In  this  word  Shakespeare  has  pre- 
served the  correct  accent :  "  As  hardy  as 
the  Nem'ean  lion's  nerve  "  (Hamlet ^  act  i. 
sc.  5) ;  but  Spenser  incorrectly  throws 
the  accent  on  the  second  syllable,  which 
is  e  short :  "  Into  the  great  Nemc'an 
lion's  grove  '*  (Fairy  Queen,  v.  1). 

Ere  Nemte'e  boait  rerigned  hie  diaggy  epolli. 

BtatluB.  Th0  rMtaU.  I 

Nem'esiSy  the  Greek  personification 
of  retribution,   or  that  punishment    for 
•sin  which  sooner  or  later  overtakes  the 
offender. 

. .  .  and  wme  great  Nemerii 
Breaii  flrom  a  darkened  future. 

TennjrMB.  Tk*  Prhtcam,  vi  (ISC). 

Ne'mo,  the  name  bv  which  captain 
Hawdon  was  known  at  I^rook's.  He  had 
once  won  the  love  of  the  future  lady 
Dedlock,  b}*  whom  he  had  a  child  called 
£sther  Summerson ;  but  he  was  compelled 
to  copy  law-writings  for  daily  bread,  and 
died  a  miserable  death  from  an  overdose 
of  opium. — C.  Dickens,  Bleak  House 
(1862). 

Nepen'the  (3  syl,)  or  Nbpbnthes,  a 
care-dispelling  drug,  which  Polydamna, 
wife  of  Tho'nis  king  of  Egvpt  gave  to 
Helen  (daughter  of  Jove  and  Leda).  A 
drink  conUining  this  drug  "changed 
grief  to  mirth,  melancholv  to  joyfulness, 
and  hatred  to  love."  The  water  of  Ar- 
denne  had  the  opposite  effects.  Homer 
mentions  the  drug  nepenthd  in  his 
Odyssey f  iv.  228. 


NEPHELO-COCCYGIA. 


681 


NESTOR,  ETC. 


That  B«peittliita  whUb  the  wife  of  Thone 
In  tgfVi  pvn  to  Jo*e-born  Helena. 

Miltoa,  Conma,  875  (104). 


NepentM  k  a  driak  of  aovwdgn  I 

MnrMd  bf  Um  sods  for  to  auuage 
Heart's  grief,  and  bitter  gall  awajr  to  cbase 

Whleh  ittn  np  anger  and  con  ten  tkme  rage; 

Instead  tbereoT  cweet  peace  and  qulctage 
It  doth  cetabllah  In  the  troabled  mind  .  .  . 
And  ■Qch  at  drtnk.  eternal  happineM  do  find. 

r.  JWry  Qmmw.  ir.  S  (10W). 


li'eph'elo-Ck>ccyff|ia,  the  cloud- 
Imnd  of  air  castles.  The  word  means 
"cuckoo  cloudland."  The  city  of  Nephe- 
lo-Coccygia  was  boilt  b^  cuckoos  and 
gulls,  and  was  so  fortified  by  clouds 
that  the  gods  could  not  meddle  with  the 
affairs  of  its  inhabitants. — Aiistophangs, 
Tke  Birds, 

*^*  The  name  occurs  also  in  Lucian*8 

VercB  HistonoB. 

Wi^KMt  Ijring  to  Nephelo^Viocygla,  or  to  tlM  eoiirt  of 
quean  liab.  «•  can  meet  with  aliaipen.  buUlea,  .  .  . 
taipndent  debaucheee,  and  voaaen  wottbj  ci  ■och  par- 


K'ep'omiik  or  li'ep'oinuok  (St. 
John)f  canon  of  Prague.  He  was  thrown 
from  a  brid^  in  IJ^I,  and  drowned  by 
order  of  king  Wenceslaus,  because  he 
refused  to  betray  the  secrets  confided  to 
him  by  the  queen  in  the  holy  rite  of  con- 
fession. The  spot  whence  he  was  cast 
into  the  Moldau  is  still  marked  hy  a 
cross  wiUi  five  stars  on  the  parapet,  in- 
dicatiye  of  the  miraculous  flames  seen 
fiiekerine  over  the  dead  body  for  three 
dajTs.  Nepomnk  was  canonized  in  1729, 
and  became  the  patron  saint  of  bridges. 
His  statue  in  stone  usually  occupies  a 
similar  position  on  bridges  as  it  does  at 
Prague. 

Like  8t  John  Nep'oouiek  In  stone. 
Lookiag  down  Into  the  stream. 

LoiMdsUow.  Tk*  (Md0H  Ltgmd  (Ittl). 

*«*  The  word  is  often  accented  on 
the  second  syllable. 

S'eptane  {Old  Father)^  the  ocean  or 
sea-god. 

Nerestan.  son  of  Gui  Lusignan 
D*Ontremer  king  of  Jerusalem,  and 
brother  of  Zara.  Nerestan  was  sent  on 
his  parole  to  France,  to  obtain  ransom  for 
certain  Christians  who  had  HXien  into 
the  hands  of  the  Saracens.  When  Osman, 
the  sultan,  was  informed  of  his  relation- 
ship to  Zara,  he  ordered  all  Christian 
captives  to  be  at  once  liberated  **  without 
money  and  without  price." — ^A.  Hill, 
Zara  (adapted  from  Yoltaire^s  tragedy). 

li'e'reus  (2  «j//.),  father  of  the  water- 
nymphs.  A  very  old  prophetic  god  of 
great  kindliness.  The  scalp,  chin,  and 
breast  of  Nereus  nfere  covered  with  sea- 
weed instead  of  hair. 


B]r  hoary  Vknni  wrinkled  kwk. 

MUton.  Omhw.  871  (1684). 

I9'eri'iid»  Doto,  and  I^'yee,  the 
three  nereids  who  ipiarded  tiie  fleet  of 
Vasco  da  Gama.  When  ^e  treacherous 
pilot  had  run  Yasco's  i^ip  upon  a  sunken 
rock,  these  three  sea-nymphs  lifted  up 
the  prow  and  turned  it  round. 

The  loreiy  KjsA  and  Nerini  spring 

With  all  the  rebemenee  and  q>eed  of  wing. 

Camoens,  LutUU,  IL  (189). 

lEferissa,  the  clever  confidential  wait- 
ing-woman of  Portia  the  Venetian  heiress. 
Nerissa  is  the  counterfeit  of  her  mistress, 
with  a  fair  share  of  the  lady's  elegance 
and  wit.  She  marries  Gratiano  a  mend 
of  the  merchant  Anthonio.— Shakespeare, 
The  Merchant  of  Venice  (1698). 

N'ero  of  the  K'orth,  Christian  II. 
of  Denmark  (1480,  reigned  1534-1558, 
died  1559). 

N'esle  (Blondel  de),  the  favourite 
minstrel  of  Richard  CcBur  de  Linn 
[Ne8le=  ^iw?/].— SirW.  Scott,  The  Talis- 
man (time,  Richard  I.). 

N'essus'B  Shirt.  Nessos  (in  Latin 
Nessus),  the  centaur,  carried  the  wife  of 
Hercul§8  over  a  river,  and,  attempting  to 
run  away  with  her,  was  shot  by  Hercules. 
As  the  centaur  was  dying,  he  told  De!- 
ani'ra  (5  syL)  that  if  she  steeped  in  his 
blood  her  husband's  shirt,  she  would  secure 
his  love  for  ever.  This  she  did,  but 
when  Hercul^  put  the  shirt  on,  his  body 
suffered  such  agony,  that  he  rushed  to 
mount  CEta,  collected  together  a  pile  of 
wood,  set  it  on  fire,  and,  rushing  into  the 
midst  of  the  flames,  was  burnt  to  death. 

When  CreOsa  (8  syL)^  the  daughter  of 
king  Creon,  was  about  to  be  married  to 
Jason,  Med€a  sent  her  a  splendid  wedding 
robe ;  but  when  Creusa  put  it  on,  she  was 
burnt  to  death  by  it  in  excruciating  pain. 

Morgan  le  Fay,  hoping  to  kill   king 

Arthur,   sent  him  a  superb  royal  robe. 

Arthur  told  the  messenger  to  try  it  on, 

that  he    might   see  its    effect;    but  no 

sooner  had  tiie  messenger  done  so,  than 

he  dropped  down  dead,  "  burnt  to  mere 

coal." — Sir  T.  Malory,  History  of  Prince 

Arthur^  i.  75  (1470). 

Eros,  ho!  the  shirt  of  Nessus  is  npoD.ne  [<.«.  I  mm  in 

otfodjr]. 
Shaltespeare,  Antony  and  Cleopatra,  aet  tr.  sc  10  (1606). 

Nestor  {A)y  a  wise  old  man.  Nestor 
of  Pylos  was  the  oldest  and  most  ex- 
perienced of  all  the  Greek  chieftains  who 
went  to  the  siege  of  Troy. — Homer,  Iliad. 

NeiBtor  of  the  Chemical  Bevo- 


NESTOR  OF  EUROPE. 


682 


NEW  WAY,  ETC. 


lution.     Dr.   Black   is   bo   called   by 
Uvoisier  (1728-1799). 

Nestor  of  liSuropa,  Leopold  king 
of  Belgium  (1790,  1881-1866). 

Ifeuliay  a  native  of  Toobouai,  one  of 
the  Socie^  Islands.  It  was  at  Too- 
bouai that  the  matineers  of  the  Bounty 
landed,  and  Torqnil  married  Neuha. 
When  a  vessel  was  sent  to  capture  the 
mutineers,  Neuha  conducted  Torquil  to  a 
secret  cave,  where  they  lay  perdu  till  all 
danger  was  over,  when  they  returned  to 
their  island  home. — Byron,  The  Island, 
(The  character  of  Neulia  is  given  in  canto 
u.  7.) 

Never. 

On  the  Greek  Kalends.  (There  are  no 
Greek  Kalends.)  When  the  Spanish  am- 
bassador annoonced  in  Latin  the  terms 
on  which  queen  Elizabeth  might  hope  to 
avert  the  threatened  invasion,  her  majesty 
replied : 

Ad  Gneoui.  boa*  rax,  tatt  maiwkta  • 


On  St  TiU's  Eve.  (There  is  no  sacfa 
saint  as  7%s.) 

On  the  81st  of  Jane,  1879  (or  any  other 
impossible  date). 

At  latter  Lammas.  (There  is  no  such 
time.)  Fuller  thus  renders  the  speech  of 
the  Spanish  ambassador : 

TbeM  to  70a  Mv  our  comiiMinit; 
■end  ao  hoip  to  th'  NaihorhuMb } 
Of  the  ummn  U*«i  tqr  Drnk* 
Bcstltutkui  TOO  miift  tuMiu ; 
And  thoM  abbMrt  btiUd  MiOTr 
Which  four  bUtar  of«ttliM«. 

The  queen*s  reply : 

Worthr  khig.  know  this :  Tour  will 
At  IbMm- IjMUMti  woll  JUflL 


On  the  year  of  the  coronation  of 
Napoleon  III. 

In  the  reign  of  queen  Dick. 

Once  in  a  blue  moon. 

When  two  Sundays  meet. 

When  the  Yellow  River  runs  clear 
(Chinese). 

In  that  memorable  week  which  had 
three  Thursdays.— Rabelais,  Pantagruel^ 
n,  1. 

The  year  when  the  middle  of  August 
was  in  May.— Rabelais,  Panteujruel^  ii.  1. 

The  year  of  the  great  medlars,  three  of 
which  would  fill  a  bushel. — Rabelais, 
Pantagruel,  ii.  1. 

At  the  coming  of  the  (^klicianes 
(3  sy/.).— Rabelais,  Gargantuan  49. 

Nerers  {Ccmtede),  to  whom  Valen- 
ti'na  (daughter  of  the  governor  of  the 
Louvre)  was  affianced,  and  whom    she 


married  in  a  fit  of  jealousy.  The  cou  it 
having  been  shot  m  the  Bartholomew 
slanghter,  Valentina  married  Raoul  [i^oip/] 
her  first  love,  but  both  were  killed  by  a 
party  of  musketeers  commanded  by  the 
governor  of  the  Louvre. — Meyerbeer, 
Les  Hwmenots  (opera,  1836). 

*^*  The  duke  [not  wmU]  de  Nevers, 
being  aaked  by  the  governor  of  the 
Louvre  to  join  in  the  Bartholomew  Mas- 
sacre, replied  that  his  family  con- 
tained a  long  liflt  of  wanitkn,  but  not  oo« 


ITeviUe  (Major),  an  aasnmed  name 
of  lord  Geraldin,  son  ef  the  eari  of 
C^enldin.  He  first  appears  as  Mr. 
William  Lovell. 

Mr,  Geraldin  Kevillej  micfo  to  lord 
(^enUdin.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Antiquary 
(time,  George  III.). 

Neville  ( Jft««),  the  friend  and  confidante 
of  Miss  Hardcastle.  A  handsome  co- 
quettish girl,  destined  by  Mrs.  Hard- 
castle for  her  son  Tony  Lumpkin,  but 
Tony  did  not  caro  for  her,  and  she 
deany  loved  Mr.  Hastings ;  so  Hastings 
and  Tony  plotted  tograier  to  outwit 
madam,  and  of  course  won  tiie  day. — O. 
Goldsmith,  She  Stoops  to  Conquer  (1773). 

Neville  (Sir  Hemry'^  chamberlain  ol 
Richard  Obut  de  Lion.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
The  Talismcm  (time,  Richaid  I.). 

ISfGW  Atlantis  (TTui),  an  ima^nary 
bland  in  the  middle  of  the  Atlantic. 
Bacon,  in  his  allegorical  fiction  so  called, 
supposes  himself  wrecked  on  this  island, 
where  he  finds  an  association  for  the  cul- 
tivation of  natural  science  and  the  pro- 
motion of  aria. — Lord  Baieon,  The  New 
Atlantis  (1626). 

%*  Called  the  New  AtUntb  to  dis- 
tinguish it  from  Plato*s  Atlantis,  an 
imaginary  island  of  fabulous  charms. 

JS[evr  Inn  (The)  or  The  Light 
Heart,  a  comedy  by  Ben  Jonsoa 
(1628). 

New  Way  to  Fay  Old  Debts,  a 

drama  by  Philip  Massinger  (162.5). 
Wellborn,  the  nephew  of  sir  Giles  Over- 
read],  having  run  through  his  fortune 
and  got  into  debt,  induces  lady  AUworth, 
out  of  respect  and  gratitude  to  his  father, 
to  give  him  countenance.  This  induces 
sir  Giles  to  suppose  that  his  nephew  was 
about  to  many  the  wealthy  dowager. 
Feeling  convinced  that  he  will  then  be 
able  to  swindle  him  of  all  the  dowager's 
property,  as  he  had  onstad  hun  out  of 


NEW  ZEALAKDER. 


688 


NEWSPAPERS. 


his  patenial  estates,  sir  Giles  pays  his 
nephew's  debts,  and  supplies  him  liberally 
¥rith  ready  money,  to  bring  about  the 
marriage  as  soon  as  possible.  Having 
paid  Wellboro's  debts,  the  overreach- 
ing old  man  is  compelled,  through  the 
treachery  of  his  clerk,  to  restore  the 
estates  also,  for  the  deeds  of  conveyance 
are  found  to  be  only  blank  sheets  of 
parchment,  the  writing  having  been 
erased  by  some  ehemical  acids. 

Ttew  Zealander.  It  was  Macaulay 
who  said  the  time  might  come  when 
some  "  New  Zealand  artist  shall,  in  the 
midst  of  a  vast  solitude,  take  his  stand  on 
a  broken  arch  of  London  bridge  to  sketch 
theruinsof  St.  PaulV* 

*^*  Shelley  was  before  Macaulay  in 
the  same  conceit— ^ee  Dedication  of  Peter 
Bell  the  Third, 

ITe'Wcastle  ( The  duchess  cf)y  in  the 
court  of  Charles  II.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
J*eu^  of  the  Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

NetDcastie  (The  marquis  of),  a  royalist 
in  the  service  of  Charles  I. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Legend  of  Montrose  (time,  Charles  I.). 

Newcastle  Apotheoaxy  ( The) ,  Mr. 
Bolus  of  Newcastle  used  to  write  his  pre- 
scriptions in  rbyme.  A  bottle  bearing  the 
couplet,  "  AMien  taken  to  be  well  shaken," 
was  sent  to  a  patient,  and  when  Bolus  called 
next  day  to  inquire  about  its  effect,  John 
told  the  apothecary  his  master  was  dead. 
The  fact  is,  John  had  shaken  the  aich  man 
instead  of  the  bottle,  and  had  shaken  the 
life  out  of  him.— G.  Colman,  junior. 


TSfeweorxxe  {Clemency),  about  80 
Tears  old,  with  a  plump  and  cheerful  face, 
but  twisted  into  a  tightness  that  made 
it  comical.  Her  gait  was  very  homely, 
her  limbs  seemed  all  odd  ones  ;  her  shoes 
were  so  self-Mrilled  that  they  never 
wanted  to  go  where  her  feet  went.  She 
wore  bine  stockings,  a  printed  gown  of 
hideous  pattern  and  many  colours,  and  a 
white  apron.  Her  sleeves  were  short, 
her  elborirs  always  grazed,  her  cap  any- 
where but  in  the  nght  place ;  but  she 
was  scrupulously  clean,  and  **  maintained 
a  kind  of  dislocated  tidiness.'*  She 
carried  in  her  pocket  "a  handkerchief, 
a  piece  of  wax-candle,  an  apple,  an 
orange,  a  lucky  penny,  a  cramp-bone, 
a  padlock,  a  pair  of  scissora,  a  handful 
of  loose  beads,  several  balls  of  worsted 
and  eotton,  a  needle-case,  a  collection  of 
euri-papers,  a  biscuit,  a  thimble,  a 
nutmeg-grater,  and  a  few  miscellaneous 


articles.*'  Clemency  Newoome  married 
Benjamin  Britain,  her  fellow-servant  at 
Dr.  Jeddler's,  and  opened  a  country 
inn  called  the  Nutmeg-Grater,  a  cozy, 
well-to-do  place  as  any  one  could  wish  to 
see,  and  there  were  few  married  people  so 
well  assorted  as  Ckmenev  and  Ben 
Britain. — C.  Dickens,  The  3aUU  of  Life 
(1846). 

Newccme  {Colonel),  a  widower,  dis- 
tinguished for  the  moral  beauty  of  his 
life.  He  loses  his  money  and  enters  the 
Charter  House. 

Clioe  Neiooome,  his  son.     He  is  in  love  ' 
with    Ethel  Newcome,  his  cousin,  whom 
he  marries  as  his  second  wife. — Thacke- 
ray, The  Nevxomes  (1855). 

Newcome  {Johnny),  any  raw  yonth 
when  he  first  enten  tiie  army  or  navy. 

Newgate  Fashion  {To  March), 
two  and  two,  as  the  prisoners  were  at  one 
time  conveyed  to  Newgate  two  and  two 
together. 

rmimaf.  Mart  veaU  march  t 

tairdoliiK.  Yea,  two  and  two.  Newnta  fMiilon. 

Huke^More.  1  Utnry  /F.  act  UL  le.  8  (1S07). 

Netogate  Fringe,  a  beard  worn  onlpr 
under  the  chin,  as  the  hangman's  rope  is 
fastened  round  the  neck  of  those  about  to 
be  hanged.  Sometimes  called  the  New* 
gate  frill,  and  sometimes  the  Tyburn 
Collar, 

The  Nevogate  Knocker,  a  lock  of  hair 
worn  especially  by  costermongers,  twisted 
towards  the  ear.  It  is  supposed  to  re- 
mind one  of  the  knocker  on  the  prison 
door  of  Newgate.  The  cow-lick  is  a  curl 
worn  on  the  temples. 

ITewland  {Abraham),  one  of  the 
governors  of  the  Bank  of  England,  to 
whom,  in  the  early  part  of  the  nineteenth 
century,  all  Bank  of  England  notes  were 
made  payable.  A  bank-note  was  called 
an  *'  Abraham  Newland  ; "  and  hence  the 
popular  song,  "  I've  often  heard  say,  sham 
Ab'ram  you  may,  but  must  not  sham 
Abraham  Newland." 

Tteas  are  ootaa  bwed  from  the  bank  of  nature,  and  ai 
curreni  as  tboao  pNyable  to  Abimham  Newlaud.— 42.  Cai- 
man. Th0  Povr  OmUleman,  L  t  (ISOt). 

Ifl'ewspapers  {The  Oldest). 

Stamford  Mercury,  1695.  The  editor 
says  that  No.  6838,  July  7,  1826,  means 
that  the  paper  had  arrived  at  the  688drd 
week  of  issue,  or  the  131st  year  of  its 
existence. 

NotUngham  Journal,  1710. 

Northampton  Mercury,  1720. 

Gloucester  Journal,  1722. 

*«*    Chalmers    says    that    the    first 


NEWTON. 


6IM 


NIBELUNGEN  NOT. 


English  newspaper  wm  called  the 
English  Meratry,  1588 ;  but  Mr.  Watts 
bas  proved  that  the  papers  so  called, 
now  in  the  British  Maseunif  are  forgeries, 
because  they  bear  the  naper-mark  of 
George  I.  The  English  Mercuries  consist 
of  seven  distinct  articles,  three  printed, 
and  four  in  MS. 

Newton. 

Newton..  .  dedarad. with att bb gnuui dlaeotartai rtemu 
Tliat  h«  bloMeir  fait  only  "  Uk*  » jrowOi 
Picking  up  «ImILi  by  Um  ktmu  oc«iui.  tniUi." 

%roa.  Don  Jmm,  vtt.  B  (US4K 

Newton     discovered     the     prismatie 

colours  uf  light,  and  explained  the 
phenomenon  by  the  emi&dion  theory. 

Natora  and  Naturr'a  lawi  W  hkl  in  night 
GodMkl.  "  Let  Navton  be  .^aiKl  all  wa«  light 
Pope.  ApUapk,  lHt«Md9d/or  Nrwt«n'»  JHonummt  <i^ 
W»ttmtntt0r  AbUg  (17S7). 

Newton  is  called  by  Campbell  "The 
Priest  of  Nature." — Pleasures  of  HopCy  i. 
(1799). 

Newton  and  the  Apple.  It  is 
said  that  Newton  was  standing  in  the 
garden  of  Mrs.  Conduitt  of  WooTsthorpe, 
in  the  year  1665,  when  an  apple  fell  from 
a  tree  and  set  him  thinking.  From  this 
incident  he  ultimately  developed  his 
theory  of  gravitation. 

When  Newton  mw  an  apple  Call,  he  fonnd. 
In  ttua  alight  itartle  froni  tib  cunteniplatkNi. .  .  . 
A  RMxle  cl  prorlng  that  the  earUi  turned  round. 
In  a  moet  natutu  whirl  cnlied  frraritatlon. 

^ron.  Ihtn  Jium,  %.  1  (18M). 

ITibelunflr.  a  mythical  king  of  Nibc- 
lungenland  {Norway).  He  had  twelve 
paladins,  all  giants.  Siegfried  ISe^fe,- 
freed],  prince  of  the  Netherlands,  slew 
tlie  giants,  and  made  Nibelungenland 
tributary. — Ntbelungen  Lied,  iii.  (1210). 

19'ibelungen  Hoard,  a  mythical 
mass  of  gold  and  precious  stones,  wliich 
Siegfried  ^Segcfreed],  prince  of  the 
Netherlands,  took  from  Nibelungcnland 
and  gave  to  his  wife  as  a  dowr}'.  The 
hoard  filled  thirty -six  wjiggons.  After 
the  murder  of  Siegfried,  llagnn  seized 
the  hoard,  and,  for  concealment,  sank  it 
in  the  **  Rhine  at  Lockham,**  intending 
to  recover  it  at  a  future  period,  but 
Hagan  was  assassinated,  and  the  hoard 
was  lost  for  ever. — Nibelungen  Lied,  xix. 

la'ibelungen  liied  [Ne,by-lung,'n 
teed],  the  (;erman  Miad  (1210).  It  is 
divided  into  two  parts,  and  thirty-two 
lieds  or  cantos.  The  first  part  ends  with 
the  death  of  Siegfried,  and  the  second 
part  wi^  the  death  of  Kriemhild. 

Siegfried,  the  youngest  of  the  kings 
of  the  Netherlands,  went  to  Worms, 
to    crave   the    hand    of   Kriemhild    in 


marriage.  While  he  was  staging  with 
Gttnther  king  of  Hur^ndy  {the  lady's 
brother),  he  assisted  nim  to  obtain  in 
marriage  Brunhild  cjueen  of  Issland, 
who  announced  publicly  that  he  only 
should  be  her  husband  who  conld  beat 
her  in  hurling  a  spear,  throwin^j^  a  huge 
stone,  and  in  leaping.  Si^^ed,  who 
possessed  a  cloak  of  invisibility,  aided 
Gttnther  in  these  three  contests,  and 
Brunhild  became  his  wife.  In  return  for 
these  services,  Gttnther  gave  Siegfried  his 
sister  Kriemhild  in  marriage.  After  a 
time,  the  bride  and  bridegroom  went  to 
visit  Gttnther,  when  the  two  ladies  dis- 
puted about  the  relative  merits  of  their 
respective  husbands,  and  Kriemhild,  to 
exalt  Sief^ried,  boasted  that  Gttnthei 
owed  to  him  his  victories  and  his  wife. 
Brunhild,  in  great  anger,  now  employed 
Hagan  to  murder  Si^ried,  and  this  he 
did  by  stabbing  him  in  the  back  while 
he  was  drinking  from  a  brook. 

Thirteen  years  elapsed,  and  the  widow 
married  Etzel  king  of  the  Huns.  After 
a  time,  she  invited  Brunhild  and  Hagan 
to  a  visit.  Hagan,  in  this  visit,  killed 
Ktzel's  young  son,  and  KriemhUd  was 
like  a  fury.  A  battle  ensued,  in  which 
Gttnther  and  Hagan  were  made  prisoners, 
and  Kriemhild  cut  off  both  their  heads 
with  her  own  hand.  Uildebrand.  hor- 
rified at  this  act  of  blood,  slew  Kriemhild ; 
and  so  the  poem  ends. — Authors  un- 
known (but  the  story  was  pieced  together 
by  the  minnesingers). 

*^i*  The  Vdlsunga  Saga  is  the  Icelandic 
version  of  the  Nibelungen  Lied.  This 
sa^  has  been  translated  into  English  by 
William  Morris. 

The  Nibelungen  Lied  has  been  ascribed 
to  Heinrich  von  Ofterdingen,  a  minne- 
singer; but  it  certainly  existed  before 
that  epoch,  if  not  as  a  complete  whole, 
in  separate  lays,  and  all  that  Heinrich 
von  Ofterdingen  could  have  done  was  to 
collect  the  floating  lays,  connect  them, 
and  form  them  into  a  complete  story. 

F.  A.  Wolf,  in  1796,  wrote  a  learned 
book  to  prove  that  Homer  did  for  the 
Iliad  and  Odyssey  what  Ofterdingen  did 
for  the  Nibelungenlied. 

Richard  Wi^er  composed,  in  1850,  an 
opera  called  Die  Niebelungen* 

Nibelungen  Not,  the  second  part 
of  the  Nibelungen  Lied,  containing  the 
marriage  of  Kriemhild  with  Etzel,  the 
visit  of  the  Burgundians  to  the  court  of 
the  fiun,  and  the  death  of  Gttnther, 
Hagan,  Kriemhild,  and  others.  This  part 
contains  eighty-three   four-line  stanzaa 


NIBELUNGERS. 


686 


NICKLEBY. 


more  than  the  first  part.  The  namber  of 
lines  in  the  two  parts  is  9836 ;  so  that 
the  poem  is  almost  as  long  as  Milton*s 
Paradiae  Lost. 

Ifibelung^ers,  whoever  possessed 
the  Nibelungen  hoard.  When  it  was  in 
Norway,  the  Norwegians  were  so  called : 
when  Sicefried  [SegeJreed]  sot  the  pos- 
session of  it,  the  Netherlanders  were  so 
called  ;  and  when  the  hoard  was  removed 
to  Burgundy,  the  Bnrgnndians  were  the 
Nibelnigei^ 

ISTio.  Frog,  the  Dutch,  as  a  nation ; 
as  the  English  are  called  John  Bull.— Dr. 
Arbuthnot,  History  of  John  Bull  (1712). 

Nioa'nor,  ''the  Protospathaire,**  a 
Greek  general.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Count 
£obcrt  of  Paris  (time,  Rufus). 

19'ioe  (Sir  Courtly),  the  chief  character 
and  title  of  a  drama  by  Croune  (1685). 

Ifl'icholas,  a  poor  scholar,  who  boarded 
with  John,  a  rich  old  miserly  carpenter. 
The  poor  scholar  fell  in  love  with  Alison, 
his  landlord's  young  wife,  who  joined 
him  in  duping  the  foolish  old  carpenter. 
Nicholas  told  John  tiiat  such  a  rain 
would  fall  on  the  ensuing  Monday  as 
would  drown  every,  one  in  "less  than 
an  hour;*'  and  he  persuaded  the  old 
fool  to  provide  three  large  tubs,  one  for 
himself,  one  for  his  wife,  and  the  other  for 
his  lodger.  In  these  tubs,  said  Nicholas, 
they  would  be  saved ;  and  when  the  flood 
abided,  thev  would  then  be  lords  and 
masters  of  the  whole  earth.  A  few  hours 
before  the  time  of  the  "flood,**  the  old 
carpenter  went  to  the  top  chamber  of  his 
house  to  rep^it  his  pater  nosters.  He  fell 
asleep  over  his  prayers,  and  was  roused 
by  the  cry  of  "Water!  water!  Help! 
help!*'  Supposing  the  rain  had  come, 
he  jumped  into  his  tub,  and  was  let  down 
by  Nicholas  and  Alison  into  the  street. 
A  crowd  soon  assembled,  were  delighted 
at  the  joke,  and  pronounced  the  old  man 
an  idiot  and  fool. — Chaucer,  Canterbury 
Tales  ("The  MUler's  Tale,**  1388). 

NichoUu,  the  barber  of  the  village  in 
which  don  Quixote  lived.  —  Orvantes, 
Don  Quixote,  I.  (1605). 

Nicholas  (Brother),  a  monk  at  St 
Mary's  Convent— Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Monastery  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Nicholas  (St,),  patron  saint  of  boys, 
pariah  clerks,  sailors,  thieves,  and  of 
Aberdeen,  Russia,  etc. 

Nicholas  (St,),    The  legend  is,  that  an 


angel  told  him  a  father  was  so  poor  h« 
was  about  to  raise  money  by  the  prostitu- 
tion of  his  three  daughters.  On  hearing 
this,  St  Nicholas  threw  in  at  the  cottage 
window  three  bags  of  money,  sufficient 
to  portion  each  of  the  three  damsels. 

Ibesift 
or  NkholM.  wfakfa  on  Uic  nuUdaw  1m 
Boantaoua  b«rtow«d,  to  myo  Uielr  yoathtal  prime 
TTiihknilihnd 

DutS,  PurpUort,  xx.  (UOS). 

Nicholas  of  the  Tower  (The), 
the  duke  of  Exeter,  constable  of  the 
Tower. 


B«  VM  mateamfttnA  with  %  dilppo  oT  mura  apper* 
tBiojrng  to  the  dulu  vt  Biotar.  the  euutUihle  *d  the  Towro 
of  London,  cmlkd  Th*  SiohoUu  nf  c*«  ro«r«.— Hall. 
OkromWt  (IMS). 

Nicholas's  Clerks,  highwaymen: 
so  called  by  a  pun  on  the  [^rase  Ola 
Nick  and  St,  Nicholas  who  presided  over 
scholars. 

I  think  jronder  come,  prancing  down  th«  hill  tnm 
Klnfrton.  a  eoaple  ul  81.  MleholaiTa  eteriu.— Bowiay. 
MmtcH  at  Jtidnifht  (1S»). 

St,  Nichokui'a  Clerks,  scholars ;  so  called 
because  St.  Nicholas  was  the  patron  of 
scholars.  The  statutes  of  Paul  s  School 
require  the  scholars  to  attend  divine 
service  on  St.  Nicholas's  Day. — Knight, 
Life  of  Dean  Colet,  862  (1726). 

Nickleby  (Nichoku),  the  chief  cha- 
racter and  title  of  a  novel  by  C.  Dickens 
(1838).  He  is  the  son  of  a  poor  country 
gentleman,  and  has  to  make  his  own  way 
in  Uie  world.  He  first  goes  as  usher  to 
Mr.  Squeers,  schoolmaster  at  Dothebo^s 
Hall,  in  Yorkshire ;  but  leaves  in  dis- 
gust with  the  tyranny  of  Squeers  and 
his  wife,  especially  to  a  poor  boy  named 
Smike.  Smike  runs  away  from  the  school 
to  follow  Nicholas,  and  remains  his 
humble  follower  till  death.  At  Ports- 
mouth, Nicholas  joins  the  theatrical 
company  of  Mr.  Crummies,  but  leaves 
the  profession  for  other  adventures.  He 
falls  in  with  the  brothers  Cberryble,  who 
make  him  their  clerk  ;  and  in  this  post 
he  rises  to  become  a  merchant,  and  ulti- 
mately marries  Madeline  Bray. 

JUrs,  Nickleby,  mother  of  Nicholas,  and 
a  widow.  She  is  an  enormous  talker, 
fond  of  telling  long  stories  with  no  con- 
nection. Mrs.  Nickleby  is  a  weak,  vain 
woman,  who  imagines  an  idiot  neighbour 
is  in  love  with  her  because  he  tosses 
cabbages  and  other  articles  over  the  gar- 
den wall.  In  conversation,  Mrs.  Nickleby 
rides  off  from  the  main  point  at  every 
word  suggestive  of  some  new  idea.  As 
a  specimen  of  her  sequence  of  ideas, 
take  the  following  example: — **llie  name 
began  with  *  B '  and  ended  with  <  g,*  I 


NICNEVEN. 


686 


NIMUB, 


MB  nn.     PertwM  it  wm  Waten"*  (a. 
198). 

%•  "The  original  of  *Mre.  Nickleby,'" 
•ays  John  Fofter,  "was  the  mother  of 
Charles  Dickens.^'—Z^/ir  of  Dtdums,  ilL  8. 

KaU  NiokUby,  sister  of  Nidiolas; 
beautiful,  pure-minded^  and  loving.  Rate 
works  hard  to  assist  in  the  expenses  of 
housekeeping,  but  shuns  every  attempt 
of  Ralph  and  others  to  allure  her  from 
the  path  <rf  ▼iigin  innocence.  She  ulti- 
mately marries  Frank,  the  nephew  of  the 
Cheeirble  brothers. 

Baijpk  NickUby^  of  Golden  Sqpare 
(London),  nncle  to  Nicholas  and  Kate. 
A  hard,  grasping  money-broker,  with 
no  ambition  but  Uie  love  of  saving,  no 
spirit  beyond  the  thirst  of  gold,  and  no 
principle  except  that  of  fleecing  every 
one  who  comes  into  his  power.  This 
vilUin  is  the  father  i^f  Smike,  and  ulti- 
mately hangs  himself,  because  he  loses 
money,  and  sees  his  schemes  one  after 
another  burst  into  thin  air.— C.  Dickens, 
NichoUu  NiokUby  (1838). 

Ifioneyen,  a  gigantic  malignant  hag 
of  Scotch  superstition. 

%*  Dunbar,  the  Scotch  poet,  deocribes 
her  m  his  Ftytinj  of  Dunbar  and  Kennedy 
(1608).  ^     ->  ->  ^ 

Nicode'mus,  one  of  the  servants  of 
general  Harrison.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Wood- 
ttock  (time,  Commonwealth). 

Nioole  (2  s^/.),  a  female  senrant  of 

.  K.  Jourdain,  who  sees  the  folly  of  her 

master,  and  exposes  it  in  a  natural  and 

amusing  manner.— Moli^  Le  Bomrgsois 

Gentahornme  (1670). 

Night  or  Nox.  So  Tennyson  calls 
sir  Pcread,  the  BUck  Knight  of  the  Black 
Lands,  one  of  the  four  brothers  who  kept 
the  passages  to  Castle  Perilous.— Tenny- 
son, Idyils  of  the  King  ("Gareth  and 
Lvnette");  sir  T.  Malory,  History  of 
Prince  Arthur,  i.  126  (1470). 

Nightingale  (The),  unknown  in 
Wales,  Ireland,  and  Scotland.  It  does 
not  visit  Cornwall,  nor  even  the  west  of 
Devon,  nor  does  it  cross  the  Trent 

Nightingale  {The  Aroadian),  an  ass. 

Nightingale  {The  Cambridgeshire),  the 
edible  frog,  once  common  in  the  fen 
district;  also  called  the  "Whaddon 
organ.** 

Nightingale  {Tlui  Fen),  the  edible  frog. 

Nightingale  {The  Italian),  Angelica 
Catala'ni ;  also  called  *♦  ITie  Queen  of 
Song"  (1782-1849). 


Nightmgale  {The  Liege),  the  edible  frog. 

Nightingale  {The  Sweditk),  Jeimr  Und, 
afterwards  Mde.  Goldschmidt.  Bht  u^ 
peared  in  London  1847,  and  retiied  1861 
(bora  1821-        ), 

Nightingale  and  the  Iintist 
The  tale  is,  that  a  Inte-master  challenged 
a  nightingale  in  song.  The  Wid,  after 
sustaining  the  contest  for  some  time, 
feeling  itself  outdone,  fell  on  the  lute,  and 
died  broken-hearted. 

%*  This  tale  is  from  the  Lathi  of 
Stnuia,  translated  by  Richaid  Ciaahaw, 
and  called  Music's  Duti  (1650).  It  is 
moat  beautifully  told  by  John  Foid,  in 
his  drama  entitled  The  Lofoer's  MeUm^ 
choly,  where  Hen'aphon  is  supposed  to 
tell  it  to  Ame'thus  (1628). 

Nightingale  and  the  Thorn. 

As  It  CbH  upon  n  dajr 
!■  the  nerrr  roonn  of  Mar. 
auins  in  a  pkftMnt  riuule 
Which  a  grwre  or  RirrUai  BMdB— 
BmmU  did  Imp.  and  hfadi  dM  «ii«. 
Xrvm  did  grow,  mod  iilwiU  did  BNiiw, 
IreiTthlng  did  buiWi  iwaa. 
8av«  Uw  Blsbtliigrie  al0n«: 
She.  poor  Urd.  m  all  (urion^ 
Leaned  her  breast  up-tUl  a  thera. 
Mchwd  Bamldd.  Addrtm  tm  eu  Sifkiim^mlt  0»ft. 
Od  Philomel,  pwehed  oa  •■ 


Weept  an  the  oight  her  kat  rhyfaiitv. 
And  rioo  her  Mid  tale  to  the  mcffy  t«^ 

That  dmaoai  at  wth  JojrM  mfimrj. 

Ne  ever  letanreet  net  Invade  her  esne; 
But  leaning  on  a  thorn  her  daln^  diait. 
For  faar  aoft  aleep  ihould  Meal  faiio  her 
I  In  her  aong  grief  not  to  be 


a  her  MXUi, 
GUai  Pletcher.  ChrUTt  Triwrn/A  ever  .Oeott  aSU|. 

The  nightinsale  that  ring!  wtth  the  deep  fhon^ 
WUehfahleplaeHlnr«te]harbraML 

%ioa.  Zto«  Jmam,  wL  87  USM). 

Nightmare  of  Burope  {The), 
Napoleon  Bonaparte  (1769,  reigned  1804- 
1814,  died  1821)7 

Nightshade  [Deadly),  We  are  told 
that  the  berries  of  this  plant  so  intoxi- 
cated the  soldiers  of  Sweno  the  Danish 
king,  that  they  became  an  easy  prey  to 
the  Scotch,  who  cut  tiiem  to  pieces. 

%♦  Called  "deadly,"  not  from  ita 
poisonous  qualities,  but  because  it  was 
used  at  one  time  for  blackening  ^e  eyes 
in  mourning. 

Nimrod,  pseudonym  of  Charles  James 
Apperley.  author  of  The  Chase,  The  Roa± 
Tlic  2W/(1852),  etc 

Nim'ue,  a  "  damsel  of  the  lake,**  who 
cajoled  Merlin  in  his  dotage  to  tell  her 
the  secret  "whereby  he  could  be  rendered 
powerless;"  and  then,  like  Delilah,  she 
overpowered  him,  by  "confining  him 
under  a  stone." 

Then  after  thoM  queetk.  Ifariln  Ml  In  a  dod^e  oa  .  . . 
one  of  the  daaieeh  of  the  lake,  hlght  MiiaM,  and  Itatlh 


NINA-THOMA. 


It  u  not  unJikelT  Uiat  Ihii  nama  ig  a 
clerical  errDT  for  Sineve  or  Niuive.  It 
occun  only  ODce  in  tha  thnt  volumes. 
(S«e  NiKBVK.) 

*,*  TeDDjaoD  makei  VMen  the  sedue- 
tiTe  betnyar  of  Uerltn,  ud  uya  die 
enclowd  him  "in  the  tour  walls  of  A 
faollow  tovcT:"  but  the  Sistori/  aajs 
"Nimat  put  him  ondar  the  stone  "(pLi. 
80). 

niita-Tlioaia,  daoKhter  of  Tor- 
Tfanma  (ebief  of  one  o[  the  ScanaiDaviui 
isUnda).  She  eloped  with  Uthal  (son  ot 
L«ithiiMr  a  petty  king  of  Bemthon,  a 
nail^bauiing  iatand)  ^  but  lithal  looa 
tired  of  her,  and,  having  fixed  his  affec- 
tions on  anothet,  ct>aliiied  hai  in  a  daKrt 
island.  Uthal,  who  had  also  dctbtoned 
his  father,  wss  slain  in  single  comliat  by 
Onian,  nho  had  coma  to  restore  the 
depoeed  pionarch  to  his  throoe.  When 
Kina-Thoma  heard  of  her  husbaiul'i 
death,  she  languished  and  died,  "tor 
thnosh  most  cruel  lyentTealed,  her  love  for 
ITtbal  was  not  abated." — Ossiao,  Arro- 
t/um. 

TSiiie.  "  It  is  by  nines  that  Eastern 
tmsenta  are  ttiveD,  when  they  would  ex- 
tend their  mugniAcence  ta  tha  hi^chast 
detiree."  Thus,  when  Dakiaaos  wished  to 
iogratiats  himseU  with  the  ibah. 


Nine  Qoda  (Thi)  of  the  P.tmscans: 
Jnno,  Minerva,  and  Tin'ia(tAe(ArwcA^/). 
The  nther  six  were  Vnlean,  Mare,  Saturn, 


n^ine  Orders  of  Angels  ( 7^) : 

(1)  Seraphim,  (2)  Cherubim  (in  t/w  frat 
drcU) ;  (3)  Thrones,  (*)  Dominions  (I'n 


NINON  KE  LENCLOS. 


Angels  {in.  Ih*  thinl  oirale). 


mne    Planeta    (TM)  .- 

Tenos.  the  Earth,  Mars,  the  Planetoids, 
Jumler,  Satnm,  LlrHDUS,  and  Neptune. 

*.*  According  to  the  Ptolemaic  system, 
there  are  only  seven  )ilsnets,  or  more 
atriotly  speaking,  "pinnetary  heavens," 
vin.,  the  Mood,  Hercnry,  Venns,  the  Siio, 
Mats,  Jupiter,  and  Saturn.  Beyond  these 
were  three  other  spheres,  that  of  the  fixed 
stars,  the  primum  mobile,  and  the  em- 
pyrean. ThisisthesystemDantStoUaws 
in  hia  Paradiae. 

ITine  WorthiBH  (J5«).  Three  were 
pajans:  Hector,  ALaiandar,  and  Julius 
Ciessr.    ~  "  -  - 


David, 
Chartemagne,    and 


and  Judas  Mace 
C/irittiata:  Arthu 
Godfrey  of  Bouilli 

Nine  Wixihiei  (privy  eoDnellloni  1» 
William  lU.).  Four  were  ir%>.- 
Devonshire,  Dorset,  IfoDmonUi,  and 
Edward  Russell.  Five  were  Toriet  i 
Caermarthen,  Pembroke,  Y 
Uailborout(h,  and  Lowthar. 

Nino  Worthies  of  London  ( "Hit)  : 
sir  William  Walworth,  air  Henrv  Prit- 
chard,  sir  William  Sevenoka,  sir  thomas 
White,  sir  John  Bonhara,  Christopher 
Crokcr,  sir  John  llawkwood,  sir  Hngh 
Caverley,  and  sir  Henry  Ualeveier. 


sverley,  ani 
■,■  The 


ritten  in  p 


lik>  B  ban  bMs  Swmf;  uSanlkf  I^SroXlw  t"'^ 
tbsl  hUiI  NIswK  ESIM  lau  Ik*  bru  »  Hk  ilr 
lannoM  dn  tUK-Hr  T.  Malmj.  BIMmr  V  PHmi 

*,*  This  nsnie  oecuis  three  times  in 
the  SforU  ifArtAiir—oact  as  "  Nimne," 

Probably  "Nimue"  (g.o.)  is  a  eleiical 

ZTlnon  de  IiendoB,  a  beautiful 
Parisian,  rich,  ipirituelle,  and  an  atheist, 
who  abandoned  herself  to  epcurean  in- 
dulgence, and  preserved  her  charms  to  a 


NIOBE. 


688 


NO  SONG  NO  SUPPER. 


very  advanced  age.  Ninon  de  Lenclos 
renounced  marriage,  and  had  numberless 
lovers.  Her  house  was  the  rendezvous 
of  all  the  most  illustrious  persons  of  the 
period,  as  Moli^re,  St.  Evremont,  Fonte- 
nelle,  Voltaire,  and  so  on  (1615-1705). 


Ugly:  far  iMCMaM.  NlwMi  4e  Imtdtm. 

BfTOO.  Ikm  Jmmn,  w.  S8  (ISM). 

Niobe  [N€'.o,by]y  the  beau-ideal  of 
grief.  After  losing  her  twelve  children, 
she  was  changed  into  a  stone,  from  which 
ran  water. 

*f*  The  group  of  "Niobe  and  her 
Children"  in  Florence,  discovered  at 
Rome  in  1583,  was  the  work  either  of 
Praxit'el^  or  Scopas. 

She  foSowtd  nv  poor  bttar'fl  b«|)r.  . 
Um  MioM.  all  tmn. 

8li«li«p«M«i.  ffmmm.  met  U  WD.  9  (1596). 

Niobe  of  Nations  ( The).  Rome  is 
so  called  by  Byron. — ChiiJe  Harold,  iv. 
79  (1817). 

Nipha'tes  (3  sy/.),  a  mountain  on  the 
borders  of  Mesopotamia.  It  was  on  this 
mountain  that  Satan  lighted,  when  he 
came  from  the  sun  to  visit  our  earth. 

.  .  .  to«ttnltlMeoMtor«u1bbenflatli. 
Down  from  ttie  «dlpUc  ipod  with  hoped  ncoMi  .  .  . 
Nor  (tayvd  till  on  Nlpluit««'  top  ho  llghia. 

MtttOB.  Parmdtm  Lott,  UL  TIB.  ote.  (imB), 

Nipper  (Suaan)^  generally  called 
"  Spitfire,'*  from  her  snappish  disoosition. 
She  was  the  nunc  of  Florence  Dombey, 
to  whom  she  was  much  ettached.  Susan 
Nipper  married  Mr.  Toots  (after  he  had 
got  over  his  infatuation  for  Florence). 

Sunn  Klppor  m^.  "  I  majr  wUi  to  t«ko  a  vopgo  to 
CSuuMT.  hut  I  miijrn't  know  huw  to  leave  the  LoadoB 
Docks.*'— €.  Didwm.  Dombtg  and  Bon  (ISM). 

Nippotate  (4  »y/.),  "a  live  Jinn 
stuffed  with  straw,**  exhibited  in  a  raree- 
show.  So  called  from  the  body  of  a  tame 
hedgehog  exhibited  by  Old  Harry,  a 
notorious  character  in  1x)ndon  at  the 
beginning  of  the  eighteenth  century  (died 

1710). 

or  momten  Ntnuiger  than  can  he  evrreawd, 
llMre'fl  NippoUt4  Uet  amongst  the  rait. 

Atf'oN  iVidkoffa. 

Niquee  [Ne^.hay]^  the  sister  of  Anas- 
terax,  with  whom  she  lived  in  incest. 
Tlie  fairy  Zorphee  was  her  godmother, 
and  enchanted  her,  in  order  to  break  off 
this  connection.  —  Yasco  de  Lobeira, 
Amadit  de  Oaui  (thirteenth  centur}'). 

Nisrooh  [iVtV.roA],  *' of  principalities 
the  prince."  A  god  of  the  Assyrians. 
In  the  book  of  KMgs  the  **  Seventy  "  call 
him  •*  Meserach,'*  and  in  Isaiah  "  Nasa- 
rnch."  Josephns  calls  him  "Araskes." 
One  of  the  rebel  angels  in  Milton*8 
Paradise  Lost,    He  says : 


Senee  of  phawire  we  —y  wefl 
Spare  oat  of  VSt,  pcrhape.  and  not  leplnc. 
Bat  Uve  content,  which  it  the  calmaft  UHb  : 
Bat  pain  b  perfect  luietry.  tlie  worst 
or  erlls.  and.  cxcaaiTe,  overtnnis 


All 


MOtoo,  i'torMliw  £«<  tL  4B0, 


(UBS). 


Nit»  one  of  the  attendants  of  queen 
Mab. 

Hop.  and  Mop.  and  Diap  an  dear. 
Pip.  and  Trip,  and  Skip,  that  wet* 
To  Mab  their  fovenifn  dear- 

Her  tpedal  naahb  of  hoMnr. 
Tlh.  and  Tib.  and  Pinck.  and  Pin. 
Tick.  a»d  Quiek.  andJfll.  and  Jim 
Th.  awl  Nit.  and  Wap.  and  Win— 

The  tndii  that  wait  npon  her. 

Drartoa.  KgmpkiMm  (IM»-iai). 

Nixon  (Christal),  agent  to  Mr. 
Edward  Redgauntlet  the  Jacobite. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Redgauntlet  (time,  George 
III.). 

Nixon  {Martha)y  the  old  nurse  of  (he 
eari  of  Oxford.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Afme  ^f 
OeiersteiH  (time,  Edward  lY.). 

No  One  (Caaar  or),  Julius  Ca»ar 
said,  "Aut  Cssar  ant  nullus.**  And 
a^in,  **  I  would  sooner  be  first  in  a 
village  than  second  at  Rome.** 

Milton  makes  Satan  say,  "Better  to 
reign  in  hell  than  serve  in  heaven.** 

Jonathan  Wild  used  to  say,  "  Yd  rather 
stand  on  the  top  of  a  dunghill  than  at  the 
bottom  of  a  hill  in  paradise.** 

Tennyson  says,  **A11  in  all  or  not  at 
all.**— /rfytts  ("Vivien  **). 

"  Six  thrice  or  three  dice**  (aces  were 
called  dioe^  and  did  not  count). 

No  Song  no  Supper,  a  musical 
drama  by  Prince  Hoare,  F.S.A.  (1790). 
CJrop  the  farmer  has  married  a  second 
wife  called  Dorothy,  who  has  an  amiable 
weakness  for  a  rascally  lawyer  named 
Endless.  During  the  absence  of  her 
husband,  Dorothy  provides  a  supper  for 
Endless,  consisting  of  roast  lamb  and  a 
cake ;  but  just  as  the  lawyer  sits  down 
to  it,  Crop,  with  Margaretta,  knocks  at 
the  door.  Endless  is  concealed  in  a  sack, 
and  the  supper  is  carried  away.  Pre- 
sently, Robin  the  sweetheart  of  Margaretta 
arrives,  and  Crop  regrets  there  is  nothing 
but  bread  and  cheese  to  offer  him.  Mar- 
garetta now  volunteers  a  song,  the  first 
verse  of  which  tells  Crop  there  is  roast 
lamb  in  the  house,  which  is  accordingly 
produced ;  the  second  verse  tells  him 
there  is  a  cake,  which  is  produced  also  ; 
and  the  third  verse  tells  him  that  Endless 
is  concealed  in  a  sack.  Had  there  been 
no  song  there  would  have  been  no  supper, 
but  the  song  produced  the  roast  lamb  and 
new  cake. 


NOAH'S  WIFE. 


689 


NORLAND. 


Koah'8  Wife,  W&Ha  (3  syL),  who 
endeavoured  to  peraoade  the  people  that 
her  hasband  was  distraught. 

tbm  vlfe  of   Noah  [WMIa]  and  the  vlfe  of  Lot 

IW4Aelm}  wen  both  anbrilevon  ...  and  decohred  tb«ir 
inhaods.  .  .  and  It  ihan  be  add  to  them  at  the  lad  day. 
"  Boter  ja  fatto  heU  tea."    Hato.  At  Kordn,  bcvL 


Il'obbs,  the  horse  of  ''Dr.  Dove  of 
DoDca8ter.**-~Soiithey,  T/ie  Doctor  (ISM), 

Koble  (The),  Charles  III.  of  Navarre 
(1361,  1387-1425). 

Soliman,  TchelUn^  the  Turk  (died 
1410). 

*«*  Khosrou  or  ChosroSs  I.  was  called 
"The  Noble  Soul "  (♦,  631-679). 

n'odel,  the  lion,  in  the  beast-epic 
called  Setfnard  the  Fox.  Nodel,  the  lion , 
represents  the  r^al  element  of  Uermanj ; 
Isengrln,  the  wotf,  represents  the  baronial 
element ;  and  Reynard,  the  fox,  the 
Caiorch  element  (1498). 

n'oel  {Eu8ebe)y  schoolmaster  of  Bout 
du  Monde.  "  His  clothes  are  old  and 
worn,  and  his  manner  vacant "  (act  i.  2). 
— E.  Stirling,  The  Oold-Mine  or  Milier  of 
GrenMe  (1854). 

ISIogSB  (Newman),  Ralph  Nickleb^*s 
clerk.  A  tall  man,  of  middle  age,  with 
two  goggle  eyes  (one  of  which  was 
fixed),  a  rubicund  nose,  a  cadaverous 
face,  and  a  suit  of  cloUies  decidedly  the 
worse  for  wear.  He  had  the  gift  of  dis- 
torting and  cracking  his  finger-joints. 
This  kind-hearted,  dilapidated  fellow 
"  kept  his  hunter  and  hounds  once,*'  but 
ran  tniongh  his  fortune.  He  discovered 
a  plot  of  old  Ralph,  which  he  confided  to 
the  Chceryble  brothers,  who  frustrated  it 
and  then  provided  for  Newman.  —  C. 
Dickens,  Nicholas  Nickleby  (1838). 

Noko'mis,  mother  of  Weno'nah,  and 
grandmother  of  Hiawatha.  Nikomis 
was  the  daughter  of  the  Moon.  While 
she  was  swinging  one  day,  some  of  her 
companions,  out  of  jealousy,  cut  the  ropes, 
and  she  fell  to  earth  in  a  meadow.  The 
same  night  her  first  child,  a  daughter, 
was  bom,  and  was  named  Wenonah. 

Umiv  aBOQg  the  fenu  and  moMM .  .  . 
Fair  Kokomb  bore  a  daughter. 
Aiid  ibe  called  her  name  Wenonah. 

LougfaUow.  Biamuka,  UL  (1806). 

TSfon  ICi  Bicordo,  the  usual 
answer  of  the  Italian  courier  and  other 
Italian  witnesses  when  on  examination  at 
Che  trial  of  queen  Charlotte  (the  wife  of 
Geoige  IV.),  in  1820. 

Iha  Tf  y^ft  vltiMHai  often  eraated  amaaMnant.  when 
wmim  OTamhMrtinn.  by  the  frequent  aunrer.  "  Non  mi 
ikDnkk'-CteMlTa  BUtont  </  Bnglami,   VU.   hr.   IS 


"Lord  Flint,"  in  Such  Things  Are,  by 
Mrs.  Inchbald  (1786),  when  asked  a 
question  he  wished  to  evade,  used  to 
reply,  "  My  people  know,  no  doubt,  but 
I  cannot  recollect." 

"  Pierre  Choppard,"  in  The  Courier  of 
Lyons,  by  Edward  Stirling  (1852),  when 
asked  an  ugly  question,  always  answered, 
"  ril  ask  my  wife,  my  memory*s  so 
slijM)ery." 

Tne  North  American  society  called  the 
"  Know  Nothings,"  founded  in  1853,  used 
to  reply  to  every  question  about  them- 
selves, "  I  know  nothing  about  it." 

Nona'cris'  Stream,  the  river 
Styx^  in  Arcadia.  Cassander  savs  he 
has  in  a  phial  some  of  this  "horrid 
spring,"  one  drop  of  which,  mixed  with 
wine,  would  act  as  a  deadly  poison.  To 
this  Polyperchon  replies : 

I  know  it*  power,  for  I  hare  aeen  it  tried. 
Paine  of  all  torta  thro'  erety  nerve  and  artaiy 
At  once  it  acatters, — bums  at  onee  and  fnnm. 
Tin.  bx  extremity  of  torture  foreed. 

The  aool  oonaents  to  leave  her  Joyless  home.     

M.  Lee.  4te«aiMler  !*•  Orml,  It.  1  (1S78). 

Nonentity  (Dr,)^  a  metaphysician, 
and  thought  by  most  people  to  be  a  pro- 
found scholar.  He  generally  spreads 
himself  before  the  fire,  sucks  his  pip^ 
talks  little,  drinks  much,  and  is  reckons 
verv  good  compan}^.  You  may  know  him 
by  his  long  grey  wig,  and  the  blue  hand- 
kerchief round  his  neck. 

Dr.  Nonentity.  I  am  told,  writea  Indrxea  to  perfectioa, 
makea  taajn.  and  reviewi  any  woric  with  a  abgle  da/k 
wamins.— 4«oldamith.  A  OUixm  ^  <*«  ITerfd,  xdl. 
(17W). 

Ifl'ones  and  Ides  (each  1  syl,). 

On  March  the  7Ui.  Jane,  July. 
October,  too.  the  Nonee  you  ipy ; 
Except  in  thcae.  thoee  Nones  appear 
On  the  Ath  day  of  aU  the  year. 
If  to  the  Nones  you  add  an  8, 
or  all  the  ides  youH  find  the  datcw 

Hence  we  have  the  15th  for  the  Ides  of 
March,  June,  Julv,  and  October;  and  the 
13th  for  eveiy  other  month. 

TSio't\)mt  (Father),  Pierre  ParisotNor- 
bert,  the  French  missionary  (1697-1769). 

Norfolk  Street  (Strand),  with 
Arundel,  Surrey,  and  Howard  Streets, 
occupy  Uie  site  of  the  house  and  grounds 
of  the  Howards  (earls  of  Arundel  and 
Surrey). 

Norland  (Lord),  father  of  lady 
Eleanor  Irwin,  and  guardian  of  lady 
Ramble  (Miss  Maria  Woobum).  He 
disinherited  his  daughter  for  marrying 
against  his  will,  and  left  her  to  starve, 
but  subsequently  relented,  and  relie\'ed 
her  wants  and  thoee  of  her  young  hua- 

2  Y 


KOBlfA« 


NORTHERN  WAGGONER. 


band. — Tnchlwld,  Every    One    has    His 
rautt  (1794). 

N'orma^  *  vestal  who  bad  been 
seduced,  aod  discovers  her  paramour 
trying  to  seduce  a  sister  vestal.  In 
despair,  she  contemplates  the  murder  of 
her  base-bom  children. — Bellini,  Norma 
(1831)  ;  libietto  by  RomanL 

IN'orman^  forester  of  sir  William 
Ashton  lord-keeper  of  Scotland. — Sir  W. 
Sco'tt,  Bride  of  Lammermoor  (time. 
Wmiamlll.). 

Norman^  a  "sea-captain,**  in  love 
with  Violet  the  ward  of  hidy  AnindeL 
It  turns  out  that  this  Norman  is  her 
ladyship's  son  by  her  first  husband,  and 
heir  to  the  title  and  estates;  but  lady 
Arundel,  having  married  a  second  hus- 
band, had  a  son  named  Percy,  whom  she 
wished  to  make  her  heir.  Norman's 
father  was  murdered,  and  Norman,  who 
was  bom  three  days  afterwards,  was 
bioa^t  up  by  Onslow,  a  village  priest. 
At  the  age  of  14  he  went  to  sea,  and 
oecanie  captain  of  a  man-of-war.  Ten 
years  later,  he  returned  to  Amndel,  and 
though  at  first  his  mother  ignored  him, 
and  Percy  flouted  him,  his  noble  and 

generous  conduct  disarmed  hostility,  and 
e  not  onlv  reconciled  his  half-brother, 
but  won  his  mother's  affection,  and 
married  Violet,  his  heart's  "  sweet  sweet- 
ing."—Lord   Lytton,    ne   SeonCaptain 

Norman-nan-Ord  or  Norman  of 
the  Hammer,  one  of  the  eight  sons  of 
TorquU  of  the  Oak.~Sir  W.  Scott, 
Fair  Maid  of  Perth  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

Kormandy  (The  Oem  of),  Emma, 
daughter  of  Richard  I.  (died  1052). 

Noma  of  the  Pitftil  Head, 
"  The  Reimkennar."  Her  real  name  was 
UUa  Troil,  but  after  her  seduction  by 
Basil  Mertoun  (Vaughan),  and  the  birth 
of  a  son  named  Clement  Cleveland  (the 
future  pirate),  she  changed  her  name. 
Towards  the  end  of  the  novel,  Noma 
gradually  recovered  her  senses.  She  was 
the  aunt  of  Minna  and  Brenda  Troil. 
—Sir  W.  Scott,  T/mt  Pirate  (time,  William 

[One]  cannot  ftOI  to  trace  In  Norna-the  rtcUm  <d  to. 
tnorm  and  imanfty,  and  Uie  dupe  of  her  vwn  Unposturs. 
her  mind  too  flooded  vMi  all  the  wSd  liteMtniv  and 
extrava«int  aupentUIon*  of  the  north— aonietklng  diiUnct 
from  the  DonifHeBhlre  glp^.  whose  pretensloni  to  miper- 
natural  po»en  are  not  bejrond  tfwM  of  a  Voewoed 
liTOphetea.— TAe  Pirute  (Introductloa.  1821). 

Konrii,  a  family  to  whom  Martin 


Chuzzlewit  was  introduced  while  he 
in  America.  They  were  friends  of  Mr. 
Bevan,  rabid  abolitionists,  and  vet 
hankering  after  titles  as  the  gilt  of  the 
gingerbread  of  life— O.  Dickens,  MaHin 
Chuzzlewit  (1844). 

Norris  {Black)^  a  dark,  mly  man 
and  a  wrecker.  He  wanted  to  narry 
Marian,  *'the  daughter**  of  Robert  (also 
a  wrecker) ;  but  Marian  was  betrothed  to 
Edward,  a  young  sailor.  Robert,  being 
taken  np  for  murder,  was  condemned  to 
death ;  but  Norris  told  Marian  he  would 
save  his  life  if  she  would  promise  to 
marry  him.  Marian  consent^,  but  was 
saved  by  the  arrest  of  Black  Norris  for 
murder.  —  S.  Knowles,  The  Jkmghter 
(1886). 

ITorth  (Christopher),  pseudonym  of 
John  Wilson,  professor  of  moral  philo- 
sophy, Edinbnq^,  editor  of  BtackwoocTs 
magaxiney  in  which  appeared  the  "Noctes 
Ambrosians'*  (1806-1861). 

North  (Lord),  one  of  the  judges  in  the 
State  trial  of  Geoffrey  Peveru,  Julian, 
and  the  dwarf,  for  being  concerned  in  the 
popish  plot— Sir  W.  Scott,  PeverU  of  the 
Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

North  Britain,  Scotland. 

NoHh  Britain  (The),  a  radical  periodi- 
cal, conducted  by  John  Wilkes.  The 
celebrated  number  of  this  serial  was  No. 
45,  in  which  the  ministers  are  charged 
''with  patting  a  lie  in  the  king's  mouSu" 

Nortliampton,  a  contraction  of 
North-Awnii-town  (Northavonton),  the 
town  on  the  north  of  the  Avon  (Nen). 
As  Drayton  says,  "  Nen  was  Avon 
caUed."— -Po/yo/6«)n,  xxiii.  (1622). 

Northamptonshire  Poet  (The). 
John  Clare  (1798-1864). 

Northern  3B[arlot  (The),  ElizabeOi 
Petrowna,  empress  of  Russia :  also  called 
«*  The  Infamous  "  (1709-1761). 

Northern  Waggoner,  Ursa  major 
or  Charles's  waggon,  a  corraptien  of  the 
churCa  wa^on.  It  contains  seven  laige 
stars,  designated  by  the  Greek  letters, 
a.  fit  t,  s,  e,  C.  n.  The  first  four  form  tlie 
waggon  and  the  rest  the  pole  or  shaft. 
The  driver  of  the  team  is  BoStia, 

Br  thb  the  northern  wagoner  haa  eet 

His  ■evenfold  team  behind  the  tteadfut  i/larltke p9t9-atftr\ 

That  ««•  In  eoaan  mawea  yet  nerervet. 

But  flrm  b  Saed.  and  MBdeth  liKhi  from  te 

To  all  that  oo  4ha  wMe  deep  inuMlerii«  are. 

Spenaar.  /teA^y  <)mmn.  I.  U.  1  (IflMI. 


BOKC7MBEGA. 


<»1 


NOTTINGHAH. 


TSToraxxibe'gay  a  province  of  North 

AmencA. 

Nov  tn^  the  Mrth 
or  NorantwfK  and  the  Sunoed  abore  .  . . 
Bones  and  Cwrfau.  and  Arsestfo  load. 
And  ThiMehH  rend  the  woods,  and  Mas  mytnrrn^^ 
MQion.  Paradtm  Lott.  x.  MS  {198^ 

%*  "Samoed  shore,"  the  shore  con- 
tignous  to  the  frozen  ocean ;  **  Boreas/* 
north  wind ;  "  Oecias,'*  north-west  wind; 
''AmstSs,"  north-east  wiad;  <'Thr«s- 
ciaa,^  wind  from  Thrace. 

ITorval  (Otd),  a  shepherd,  who  brinjp 
up  lady  Randolph's  son  (Douglas)  as  his 
own.  He  was  hidden  at  birth  m  a  basket, 
because  sir  Malcolm  (her  father)  hated 
Donglas,  whom  she  had  privately  mar- 
ried. The  child  being  found  by  old 
Nonral,  waa  brought  up  as  his  own,  but 
tbe  old  man  discovered  that  the  foundling 
was  "sir  Malcolm's  heir  and  Douglaa's 
■on.**  When  18  years  old,  the  foster-son 
saved  the  life  of  lord  Randolph.  Lady 
Randolph  took  great  interest  in  the  young 
man,  and  when  old  Norval  told  her  his 
tale,  she  instantly  perceived  that  the 
young  hero  was  in  fact  her  own  son. 

Fathda  lendarad  the  nrfce  of  Wtniain  HmOey  [17S8- 
IS171  fa  "OU  Morval"  mned  as  well  asrepubtve;  and 
he  never,  w  to  hb  feet  dSer  stood  or  walked  with  the 
clMmeter  a(i«e.  His  helpless  action  had  a  character  of 
restrained  rigoar:  he  fanphwed  pl^  In  the  nolqr  diout 


Tonng  Norml^  the  infant  exposed,  and 
brought  up  by  the  old  shepherd  as  his 
own  son.  He  tnmed  out  to  be  sir  Mal- 
colm's heir.  His  mother  was  lady  Ran- 
dol[^  and  his  father  lord  Douglas,  her 
first  husband.  Young  Norval,  having 
sared  the  life  of    lord  Randolph,   was 

S'lTea  by  him  a  commission  ip  the  army, 
lenalvon,  the  heir-presumptive  of  lord 
Randold^,  hated  the  new  favourite,  and 
pereiuided  his  lordship  that  the  young 
man  was  too  familiar  with  lady  Randoliih. 
Being  waylaid,  Norval  was  attacked,  slew 
Glenalvon,  but  was  in  turn  slain  by  lord 
Randolph.  After  the  death  of  Norval, 
lord  Randolph  discovered  that  he  bad 
killed  the  son  of  his  wife  by  a  former 
marriage.  The  mother,  in  her  distrac- 
tion, threw  herself  headlong  from  a  lofty 
precipice,  and  lord  Randolph  went  to  the 
war  then  raging  between  Denmark  and 
ScotUnd.--X  Home,  Douglas  (1767). 

(This  was  a  favourite  character  with 
John  Kemble,  1757-1823.) 

Henry  Johnston   selected  "  Tonng   Nerral"  for  his 
Balden  part.    Bis  jroathful  Corm  and  handsome  ez|ires> 


si»e  cenwtswnnoe  won  fbr  him  aiUversal  apptobatlon. 
PierioMljr  the  jNMna  sb«f>herd  had  been  draMxl  In  the 
trews  and  Scotdi  jacket ;  but  wlien  Johnston  appeared  in 
Ml  HWklMid  ceetame.  kSt.  hreestplate.  AieM.  daymore. 
and  bonnet,  the  whots  house  rose  9n  matm,  and  SMb  a 
recMtion  was  never  wltnesnd  within  the  walls  ct  a 
^    -  -    )..w.  DoMridsen.  ^esflesHe— . 


nose,  lydio 

one  was 

^wIsanL— 


Norway  {The  Fair  Maid  of),  Mar- 
garet, granddaughter  of  Alexander  III. 
of  Scotland.  She  died  (1290)  of  sen- 
sickness  on  her  passage  from  Norway  to 
Scotland.  Her  father  was  Eric  11.  king 
of  Norway,  and  her  mother  was  Margaret 
only  daughter  of  Alexander  III. 

NOBO    {Golden) y    Tycho    Brahd,    the 

Danish  astronomer.    Having  lost  his  nose 

in  a  duel  with  one  Passberg^  he  adopted 

a  golden  one,  and  attached  it  to  his  face 

by  a  cement  which  he  carried  about  with 

him. 

Ttat  enrioent  man  who  had  a 
Brah<.  lost  his  nose  in  a  dnei.  am 
sopptied,  which  SRve  him  the  appa 
MartTat,  JutUmi  mndi  th*  DamUh  Jd*$, 

ITosebag  {Mrs,),  wife  of  a  lieutenant 
in  the  dragoons.  She  is  the  inquisitive 
travelling  companion  of  Waverley  when 
he  travels  by  stage  to  London. --Sir  W. 
Scott,  Waverley  (time,  George  II.). 

Nosey  {Play  up)  I  This  exclamation 
was  common  in  our  theatres  in  the  days 
of  Macklin,  etc.  M.  Nozay  was  the 
leader  of  the  orchestra  in  Covent  Garden 
Theatre. 

*^*  Some  persons  affirm  that  "Old 
Nosey"  was  Cervetto,  the  violoncello 
player  at  Drury  Lane  (1763),  and  say 
that  he  was  so  called  from  his  long  nose. 

Napoleon  III.  was  nicknamed  Grosbec 
("  Nosey ''). 

Nosnot-Booai  [Bi/^^^  prince  of 
puxgatory. 

8fa>.  I  kst  night  TOoalved  fOMMand 
To  see  jrou  out  of  Fairy-land 
Into  the  lealn  of  Noanot-Boeal. 

King.  Orpkmt  and  Sitrydite. 


NoBtrada'xnuB  (Michael),  an  as- 
trologer of  the  sixteenth  centurv,  who 
published  an  annual  Almanac  and  a  Ee^ 
ema  of  Prophecies,  in  verse  (1508-1566). 

NoBtrada'mua  of  Portugal,  Gon- 
9alo  Ann^  Bandar^^  a  poet-cobbler, 
whose  career  was  stopped,  in  1556,  by  the 
Inquisition. 

Nottingham  {The  countess  op,  a 
quondam  sweetheart  of  the  earl  of  &sex, 
and  his  worst  enemy  when  she  heard  that 
he  had  married  the  countess  of  Rutland. 
The  queen  sent  her  to  the  Tower  to  ask 
Essex  if  he  had  no  petition  to  make,  and 
the  earl  requested  her  to  take  back  a  ring, 
which  the  queen  had  given  him  as  a  pledge 
of  meroy  in  time  of  need.  As  the  coun- 
tess out  oi  jealousy  forbore  to  deliver  it, 
the  earl  was  executed. —  Ueniy  Jones, 
The  Earl  of  Esssa  (I746)» 


NOTTINGHAM  LAMBS. 


692 


NOURONIHAB. 


Nottingham  Ijambs  {The)^  Uie 
Nottingham  roughs. 

Nottiiurlxam  Poet  (The),  Philip 
James  Bailey,  the  author  of  FeatiUy  etc. 
(1816-       ). 

ITo'tU8»  the  south  wind ;  Afer  is  the 
south-west  wind. 

Notai  and  Afer.  blade  wfUi  thandrout  doudi. 

Mlltoii.  ParadUe  Lo§t,  z.  7M  (16«0. 

TTmilr'hft.il,  the  angcl  of  day  and 
night. 

Tbm  dajr  and  nkbt  an  tnittad  to  mjr  ear*.  I  bold  fht 
dajr  tn  my  rigbt  band,  and  ibe  nigbt  in  aaj  Uft;  and  I 
wahitaln  tha  Just  •quiUbriam  between  theot,  for  If  attber 
were  to  overbalance  the  other,  the  unlverw  would  eltbar 
be  ooMumed  bjr  tbe  beat  of  the  mn.  or  would  periefa  wltb 
the  cold  of  darkneM.-^Vimte  de  C»jiuM,  OrUntat  nUm 
{"  Hbtof7  of  Abdal  MotaDaU*  17a). 

IToumon  (Sidi),  an  Arab  who  married 
Amind,  a  very  beautiful  woman,  who  ate 
her  rice  with  a  bodkin.  Sidi,  wbhing  to 
know  how  his  wife  could  support  life  and 
health  without  more  food  than  she  par- 
took of  in  his  presence,  watched  her 
narrowly,  and  discovered  that  she  was  a 
ghoul,  who  went  by  stealth  every  night 
and  feasted  on  the  fresh-buried  dc^. 
When  Sidi  made  this  discovery,  Amind 
changed  him  into  a  dog.  After  he  was 
restored  to  his  normal  snape,  he  changed 
Amine  into  a  mare,  which  every  day  he 
rode  almost  to  death. — Arabian  N\ght8 
("History  of  Sidi  Nouman"). 

Your  roa)«*tjr  knowa  that  ghoub  of  ettber  mt  are 
demon*  which  wander  about  the  Sekb.  Thajr  conunooljr 
Inhabit  ruinous  buQdlnc^  wbMice  they  taue  aiddanljr  on 
unwary  travellen,  whom  thejr  kill  and  devour.  If  thegr 
fUl  to  meet  with  travellen.  thinr  go  by  night  Into  burying- 

"Hhtoryof  SUtNouman."  ~ 

IToureddin,  son  of  Khacan  (vizier 
of  Zincbi  king  of  Balsora).  He  got 
possession  of  the  "  beautiful  Persian  ** 
purchased  for  the  king.  At  his  father^s 
death  he  soon  squandered  away  his  patri- 
mony in  the  wildest  extravagance,  and 
fled  with  his  beautiful  slave  to  Bagdad. 
Here  he  encountered  Haroun  Alraschid 
in  disguise,  and  so  pleased  the  caliph, 
that  he  was  placed  in  the  number  of 
those  courtiers  most  intimate  with  his 
majesty,  who  also  bestowed  on  him  so 
plentiful  a  fortune,  that  he  lived  with  the 
"beautiful  Persian'*  in  affluence  all  the 
rest  of  his  life. — Arabian  Nights  ("  Nou- 
reddin  and  the  Beautiful  Persian  **). 

Nour'eddin'  All,  younger  son  of 
the  vizier  of  Egypt.  "He  was  possessed 
of  as  much  merit  as  can  fall  to  the  lot  of 
Having  quarrelled  with  his  elder 


man. 


t» 


brother,  be  travelled  to  Baso'ra,  where  he 
married  the  vizier's  daughter,  and  suc- 
ceeded his  father-in-law  m  office.    A  son 


was  bom  to  him  in  due  time,  and  on  the 
very  same  day  the  wife  of  his  elder 
brother  had  a  daughter.  Noureddin 
died  when  his  son  was  barely  twenty  and 
unmarried. — Arabian  NighU  ("  Nouieddin 
Ali,"  etc.). 

Nourgehan's  Bracelet.  Nourgc- 
han  emperor  of  the  Moguls  had  a  brace- 
let which  had  the  property  of  discovering 
poison,  even  at  a  considerable  distance. 
When  poison  was  anywhere  near  the 
wearer,  the  stones  of  the  bracelet  seemed 
agitated,  and  the  agitation  increased  as 
the  poison  approached  them. — Comte  de 
(Stylus,  Oriaital  Tales  ("The  Four  Talis- 
mans," 1748). 

Nottriahad,  a  sleeper,  like  Rip 
van  Winkle,  Epimen'idSi,  etc  (See 
Sleepers.) 

Nomjeham  {^' light  of  the  world''). 
So  the  sultana  Nourmahal  was  subse- 
quently called.— T.  Moore,  Lalla  Sooih 
("  The  Light  of  the  Haram,"  1817). 

Nourmahal'  (7%e  sultana),  Ce. 
"  light  of  the  Haram,"  afterwards  called 
Nounehan  ("light  of  the  world").  She 
was  for  a  season  estranged  from  Uie  sul- 
tan, till  he  gave  a^^nd  banquet,  at  which 
she  appeared  in  disguise  as  a  lute-player 
and  singer.  The  smtan  was  so  enchanted 
with  her  performance,  that  he  exclaimed, 
"If  Nourmahal  had  so  played  and  sung, 
I  could  forgive  her  all ;  *'  whereupon  the 
sultana  threw  oflF  her  mask,  and  Selim 
"caught  her  to  his  heart." — T.  Moore, 
Laila  Jiookh  ("The  Light  of  the  Hanuu," 
1817). 

ITouronlliar,  daughter  of  the  emir 
Fakreddin  ;  a  laughing,  beautiful  giri, 
full  of  fun  and  pretty  mischief,  dotingly 
fond  of  Gulchenrouz,  her  cousin,  a  boy  of 
13.  She  married  the  caliph  Yathek,  with 
whom  she  descended  into  the  abyss  of 
Eblis,  whence  she  never  after  returned  to 
the  light  of  day. 

Tbe  trick  she  played  Bababalouk  was 
this :  Yathek  the  caliph  was  on  a  visit  to 
Fakreddin  the  emir',  and  Bababalouk  his 
chief  eunuch  intruded  into  the  bath-room, 
where  Nouronihar  and  her  damsels  were 
bathing.  Nouronihar  induced  the  old 
eunuch  to  rest  himself  awhile  on  the 
swing,  when  the  girls  set  it  going  with 
all  their  might.  The  cords  oroke,  the 
eunuch  fell  into  the  bath,  the  giris  made 
off  with  their  lamps,  and  left  the  meddle- 
some old  fool  to  flounder  about  till 
morning,  when  assistance  came,  but  not 


NOUROUNNIHAR. 


698 


NUMBER  NIP. 


1)efore  he  was  half  dead. — W.  BeckfonL 
VatAek  (1784). 

Ifoiirotixi'iiihar,  niece  of  a  sultan 
of  India,  who  had  three  sons  all  in  love 
with  her.  The  sultan  said  he  would  give 
her  to  him  who,  in  twelve  months,  gAve 
him  the  most  valuable  present.  The 
three  princes  met  in  a  certain  inn  at  the 
expiration  of  the  time,  when  one  prince 
looked  through  a  tube,  which  showed 
Nourounnihar  at  the  point  of  death; 
another  of  the  brothers  transported  all 
three  instantaneously  on  a  magic  carpet  to 
the  princess's  chamber;  and  the  third 
brother  oive  her  an:  apple  to  smell  of, 
which  effected  an  instant  cure.  It  was 
impossible  to  decide  which  of  these 
presents  was  the  most  valuable ;  so  the 
sultan  said  he  should  have  her  who  shot 
an  arrow  to  the  greatest  distance.  The 
eldest  (Housaain)  shot  first ;  AU  overshot 
the  arrow  of  his  elder  brother ;  but  that 
of  the  youngest  brother  (Ahmed)  could 
nowhere  be  found.  So  the  award  was 
given  to  Ali. — Arabian  Nights  (**  Ahmed 
and  Pari-Banou  **). 

Kovel  (Father  of  the  EnglishY.  Henry 
Fielding  is  so  called  by  sir  W.  Scott 
(1707-1764). 

Kovember  or  Blot-monath^  ue, 
'*  blood  month,"  meaning  the  month  in 
which  oxen,  sheep,  and  swine  were 
sUnghtered,  and  afterwards  salted  down 
for  winter  use.  Some  idea  may  be  formed 
of  the  enormous  stores  provided,  from 
the  fact  that  the  elder  Spencer,  in  1327, 
when  the  season  was  over,  had  a  surplus, 
in  May,  of  **  80  salted  beeves,  500  bacons, 
and  600  muttons.*'  In  Chichester  the 
October  fair  is  called  "Slo-fair,"  i.<r. 
the  fair  when  beasts  were  sold  for  the 
slaughter  of  Blot-month  (Old  English, 
eMan  sldh,  '*  to  slaughter  "). 

Noven/dial  Ashes,  the  ashes  of 
the  dead  just  consigned,  or  about  to  be 
consigned,  to  the  grave.  The  Romans 
kept  the  body  seven  davs,  burnt  it  on  the 
eighth,  and  buried  the  ashes  on  the 
ninth. 

A  Nonen'dial  holiday^  nine  days  set 
apart  by  the  Romans,  in  expiation  of  a 
shower  of  stones. 

Noven'siles  (4  sy/.),  the  nine  Sabine 
gods :  viz.,  Hercul^  Romulus,  Escu- 
lapitts,  Bacchus,  i£neas,  Vesta,  Santa, 
Fortuna,  and  Fides  or  Faith.  (See  Ninb 
Gods  of  the  Etruscans.) 

Novit  {Mr,  Nichil)  the  UwVer  of  the 


old  laird  of  Dumbiedikes.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Heart  of  Midlothian  (time,  (ieorge  II.). 

ISi'OTius,  the  usurer,  famous  for  the 

loudness  of  his  voice. 

.  .  .  at  hie  d  plaoitn  docMito 
OonoamuitqM  Cora  trfai  AnMra  masiM  ■onabli 
CornnB  quod  rlncBtque  tiibM. 

Honee.SaKrat.LS. 


to  be  of  Hm  nee  of  Norhn.  that 
BooMui  iMuiKer.  whoeewke  exceeded  the  Dobe  of  nrmen. 
Ml  Btmt,  rO.  IS  (1736), 


No'W-no'W  (Oid  Anthonj/)^  an  itine- 
rant fiddler.  The  character  is  a  skit  on 
Anthony  Munday,  the  dramatist.— ^hettle, 
Kindhearfs  Dream  (1592). 

19'uath  (2  sy/.),  father  of  Lathmon 
and  Oith'ona  {q.v.). — Ossian,  Oithona, 

Ifubbles  {Mrt,)^  a  poor  widow  woman, 
who  was  much  given  to  going  to  Little 
Bethel. 

Christopher  or  Kit  Nubbles^  her  son,  the 
servant  m  attendance  on  little  Nell, 
whom  he  adored.  After  the  death  of 
little  Nell,  Kit  married  Barbara,  a  fellow- 
servant— C.  Dickens,  The  Old  Curiosity 
Shop  (1840). 

N'udio'si,  small  stones,  which  pre- 
vent the  sight  of  those  who  carry  them 
about  their  person  from  waxing  dim. 
They  will  even  restore  the  sight  after  it 
is  lost  or  impaired.  The  more  these 
stones  are  gazed  on,  the  keener  will  be 
the  gazer's  vision.  Prester  John,  in  his 
letter  to  Manuel  Comne'nus  emperor  of 
Constantinople,  says  they  are  found  in 
his  country. 

Niiffget.    The  Urgest  ever  found : 

1.  The  Sarah  Sanaa  nufjgety  found  at 
Ballarat.  It  weighed  130  lbs.  troy  or 
1560  oz.  This,  at  £4  per  ounce,  would 
be  worth  £6240. 

2.  The  Blanche  Barkly  nujfjety  dug  up 
at  Kingower.  It  weighed  145  lbs.,  and 
was  worth  £6960. 

8.  The  Welcome  nuggety  found  at  Bal- 
larat. It  weighed  184  lbs.,  and  was  sold 
for  £10,000.  This  was  the  Uirgest  ever 
found. 

*4i*  The  first  nugget  was  discovered  in 
New  South  Wales,  in  1851 ;  the  next  in 
Victoria,  in  1852.  The  former  of  Uiese 
two  weighed  a  hundredweight,  and  was 
porchas^  of  a  shepherd  for  £10. 

Nulla  Fides  Fronti. 

Then  bnonrt 
To  Slid  Uie  mind's  cotutnirtion  in  Uie  face. 

8hakeq>e«re.  ilaebeth,  act  L  ac  4  (MOS). 

Number  Nip,  the  name  of  the 
gnome  king  of  the  Giant  Mountains.^ 
Miuueus,  Popular  Talcs  (1782). 


NUMBERS. 


694 


NUTSHELL. 


\*  Mnsaras  was  a  German,  uncle  of 
Koteebue  (died  1788). 

Numbers.  The  ■^rmbolism  of  tiie 
first  thirteen  nnmbers : 

1  qrmboBM  the  aalty  of  the  GoibcML 

5  lymbuliiiw  Um  bUMNtatle  wtlM  of  GhrM. 
8  tymhoUaet  lh«  TrMtjr. 

4  i^mboUMt  the  Rvmiigidtata. 

•  qmiboHie*  the  five  wuntub  (two  la  ttM  handi,  two  hi 
the  feet,  and  one  la  the  sUe). 

6  is  the  number  of  dn. 

7  !■  UMt  of  the  Riru  of  the  Spirit  (ib*.  L  It).    Seren 

tiuMi  Chriat  spoke  on  the  rnw 

8  b  the  number  of  the  beatitudet  {Matt,  v.  8-11). 
0  it  the  number  of  the  orden  of  angels  (9.*.). 

10  is  the  numlier  of  the  eowmanil»wit»i 

11  apostles  after  the  lorn  of  Judas. 
It  the  original  apostoHc  eoUega. 

18  the  complete  apostolk  ooiUvi,  aflsr  th*  call  ef  St 
PauL 

Nun,  the  fish  on  which  the  fiaithful 
feed  in  paradise.  The  lobes  of  its  liver 
will  suffice  for  70,000  men.  The  ox 
provided  for  them  b  called  Bal&m. 

Kun'8  Tale  (7^),  the  tale  of  the 
cock  and  the  fox.  One  day,  dan  Russell, 
the  fox,  came  into  the  poultry-yard,  ana 
told  Master  Chanteclere  he  could  not 
resist  the  pleasure  of  hearing  him  sing, 
for  his  voice  was  so  divinclr  ravishing. 
The  cock,  pleased  with  this  fiattery,  shut 
his  e^'es,  and  b^can  to  crow  most  lustily  j 
whercuiK>n  dan  Kussell  seized  him  by  the 
throat,  and  ran  off  with  him.  When 
they  got  to  the  wood,  the  cock  said  to 
the  fox,  "  1  would  recommend  you  to  eat 
me  at  once,  for  I  think  I  can  hear  your 
pursuers."  '*  I  am  going  to  do  so,'*  said 
the  fox  ;  but  when  he  opened  his  montii 
to  reply,  off  fiew  the  cock  into  a  tree, 
and  while  the  fox  was  deliberating  how 
he  might  regain  his  prey,  up  came  the 
farmer  and  his  men  with  scythes,  flails, 
and  pitchforks,  with  which  they  de- 
spatched the  fox  without  mercy.— tjhau- 
cer,  Canterbury  Tales  (1<J88). 

*#•  This  fable  is  one  of  those  by  Marie 
of  France,  called  Don  Coc  and  I/on 
Werpil. 

Nun's  Tale  (The  Second),  This  is  the 
tale  about  Maxime  and  the  martyrs 
Valirian  and  Tiburcd.  The  prefect  or- 
dered Maxime  (2  syL)  to  put  Valirian 
and  Tiburc^  to  death,  because  they 
refused  to  worship  the  image  of  Jupiter ; 
but  l^laxime  showed  kindness  to  the  two 
Christians,  took  them  home,  became  con- 
verted, and  was  baptized.  When  Valirian 
and  Tiburc§  were  put  to  death,  Maxime 
declared  that  he  saw  angels  come  and 
carry  them  up  to  heaven,  whereupon  the 
prefect  caused  him  to  l)e  beaten  to  death 
with  whips  of  lead. — Chaucer,  Gintcr- 
bury  Tales  (1388). 

*^*  This  tale  is  very  similar  to  that  I 


of  St.  Cecilia  in  the  Legenda  Awwt,    See 
also  Acts  xvi.  25-34. 

Nnpkins,  mayor  of  Ipswidi,  a  nuui 
who  has  a  most  excellent  opinion  of 
himself,  but  who,  in  all  magigterial 
matters,  really  depends  almost  entirely 
on  Jinks,  his  half-starved  clerk.— C. 
Dickens,  The  Piokwick  Peqten  (1996). 

NuBh'kA  (Le.  'Uookry,  the  cry  of 
young  men  and  maidens  of  North  Ameri- 
can Indian  tribes  when  they  find  a  red 
ear  of  maize,  the  symbol  of  wedlock* 

And  whene'er  tarn*  loe^  m^Uaa 
Found  a  red  ear  in  the  huHking.  .  .  . 
«■  Nudaka  1 "  cried  th«r  alteeether ; 
"  Nuahka  I  TOO  shaH  have  a  swFctheart, 
You  sliaU  hare  a  haiidsone  husband !" 

LongfeHov.  JiiawatMa.  ilH.  (18Bi|. 

Nut-Brown  Maid  (7^),  the  maid 
wooed  by  the  *' banished  man.**  The 
*' banished  man**  describes  to  her  the 
hardships  she  would  have  to  undergo  if 
she  married  him:  but  finding  that  she 
accounted  these  hardships  as  nothing 
compared  with  his  love,  he  revealra 
himself  to  be  an  earPs  son,  with  large 
hereditary  estates  in  Westmoreland,  and 
married  her. — Percy,  ReHques^  II. 

This  ballad  is  based  on  the  legendary 
history  of  lord  Hennr  Clifford,  called  "The 
Shepherd  Lord.'*  It  was  modernized  by 
Prior,  who  called  his  version  of  the  story 
Henry  and  Emma,  The  oldest  form  of 
the  ballad  extant  is  contained  in  Amolde*s 
Chronicle  (1602). 

Nutshell  {The  Iliad  in  a),  George 
P.  Marsh  tells  us  he  had  seat  the  whole 
Koran  in  Arabic  inscribed  on  a  piece  of 
parchment  four  inches  wide  and  half  an 
mch  in  diameter.  In  any  photographer'a 
shop  may  be  seen  a  page  of  the  I^mes 
newspaper  reduoed  to  about  an  indi  long, 
and  three-quarters  of  an  inch  in  breadth, 
or  even  to  smaller  dimensioniu  Charles 
Toppan,  of  New  York,  engraved  on  » 

{)Iate  one-eighth  of  an  inch  square  12,iX)0 
etters.  The  Hiad contains  501,930  letters, 
and  would,  therefore,  rejquire  forty-two 
such  plates,  both  sides  being  used.  Huet, 
bishop  of  Avranches,  wrote  ei^ty  verses 
of  the  Hiad  on  a  space  equal  to  that  occo* 
pied  by  a  single  line  of  this  dictionary, 
rhus  written,  2000  lines  more  than  the 
entire  Iliad  might  be  contained  in  one 
pa^e.  The  Toppan  engraving  would  re- 
quire only  one  of  these  columns  for  the 
entire  Iliad, 

So  that  when  Pliny  (Natural  Bistwy, 
vii.  21)  says  the  whole  Hiad  was  writtm 
on  a  parchment  which  misht  be  put  into 
a  nutsncU,  we  can  credit  we  possibilityi 


NTM. 


e95 


OATHS. 


by  the  Toppan  process,  the  entire  Jliad 
mighi  be  en^^raved  on  less  than  half  a 
coIVimn  of  this  dictionary,  provided  both 
aides  woe  used.    (See  Iliad,  p.  468.) 

HTym,  eorporal  in  the  army   under 

captain  sir  John  FalstafF,  introduced  in 

The  Merry    Wives  of    Windsor   and    in 

Henry   F.,  but  not  in  Henry  IV,      It 

seems  that  lieutenant  Peto  had  died,  and 

given  a  step  to  the  oflficers  under  him. 

Thus  ensif^  Pistol  becomes  lieutenant, 

corporal  Bardolph  becomes  ensign,  and 

Nym  takes  the  place  of  Bardolph.     He 

is  an  arrant  n^e,  and   both   he   and 

Bardolph  are  Inuiged  (Henry  K.).    Tlie 

word  means  to  "  pUfer. 

It  wwJil  be  dMkna  to  gl**  u>7  other  raplr  me  tfiat  of 
CMtpoiai  Wy  it  ms  tiie  aiitliorli  bamoar  or  cepriee.— 
Br^.Seott. 

19'yiliphid'ia>  a  mock-heroic  by 
Drajrton.  The  niry  Pigwiggen  is  so 
^^lant  to  queen  Mab  as  to  arouse  the 
jealousy  of  king  Oberon.  One  day, 
coming  home  and  finding  his  queen 
absent,  Oberon  rows  vengeance  on  the 
gallant,  and  sends  Puck  to  ascertain  the 
whereabouts  of  Mab  and  Pi^wigj^en.  In 
the  mean  time,  Nymphidia  gives  the 
queen  warning,  and  the  queen,  with  all 
her  maids  of  honour,  creep  into  a  hollow 
nut  for  concealment.  Puck,  coming  up, 
sets  foot  in  the  enchanted  circle  which 
Nymphidia  had  charmed,  and,  after 
stumblins  about  for  a  time,  tumbles  into 
a  ditch.  Pigwiggen  seconded  by  Tomalin, 
encounters  Owron  seconded  bv  Tom 
Thum,  and  the  fight  is  "  both  nst  and 
furious.**  Queen  Mab,  in  alarm,  craves 
the  interference  of  Proserpine,  who  first 
envelopes  the  combatants  in  a  thick 
smoke,  which  compels  them  to  desist; 
and  then  gives  them  a  draught  "  to  as- 
suage their  thirst."  The  draught  was 
from  the  river  LethS ;  and  immediately 
the  combatants  had  tasted  it,  they  foKot 
not  only  the  cause  of  the  quarrel,  but 
evoi  thi^  they  had  quarrelled  at  all. — M. 
Drayton,  Nymphidia  (1593). 

TSfYBA,  daiu;hter  of  Sileno  and  Mvs'is, 
and  sister  of  Dai^nd.  Justice  Mi'das  is 
in  love  with  her ;  but  she  loves  Apollo, 
her  father's  guest. — Kane  0*Uara,  Jiidas 
(1764). 

Nysdy  Doto,  and  Neri'nd,  the 
three  nereids  who  went  before  the  fleet 
of  Vasco  da  Gama.  When  the  treacherous 
pilot  steered  the  ship  of  Vasco  towards  a 
sunken  rock,  these  three  sea-nymphs 
lifted  up  the  prow  and  turned  it  round. — 
Oamoens,  Lusiad,  ii.  (1560). 


O. 

O(0tw  Lady  of).  The  Virgin  Mary 
is  so  called  in  some  old  Roman  ritiuils, 
from  the  ejaculation  at  the  beginning  of 
the  seven  anthems  preceding  the  mag" 
nificaty  as:  **0  when  will  Uie  day  ar- 
rive .  .  .  ?"  "Owhen  shalll  see  ...  ?" 
"  O  when  .   .  .  ?  "  and  so  on. 

Oak.  The  Romans  gave  a  crovm  of 
oak  leaves  to  him  who  saved  the  life  of  a 
citizen. 


To  a  emel  wmr  I  tent  Vm ;  from  whence  he  letamed* 
his  brows  bound  wltii  oak.— Sbakeipeere,  CorMamM, 
Mt  I.  K.  t  aoos). 

Oakly  (Major),  brother  to  Mr.  Oakljr, 
and  uncle  to  Charles.  He  assists  hit 
brother  in  curing  his  "jealous  wife.** 

Mr,  Oakly,  husband  of  tilie  *' jealous 
wife.**  A  very  amiable  man,  but  de- 
ficient in  that  strength  of  mind  which 
is  needed  to  cure  the  idiosyncrasy  of 
his  wife ;  so  he  obtains  the  assistance 
of  his  brother,  the  major. 

Mrs*  Oakly,  **  the  jealous  wife**  of  Mr. 
Oakly.  A  woman  of  such  suspicious 
temper,  that  every  remark  of  her  husband 
is  distorted  into  a  proof  of  his  infidelity. 
She  watches  him  like  a  tiger,  and  makes 
both  her  own  and  her  liU8band*8  life 
utterly  wretched. 

Charles  Oakly,  nephew  of  the  majrr. 
A  fine,  noble-spirited  young  fellow,  w'»o 
would  never  stand  by  and  see  a  woman 
insulted  ;  but  a  desperate  debauchee  and 
drunkard.  He  aspires  to  the  love  of 
Harriot  Russet,  whose  influence  over  him 
is  sufficiently  powerful  to  reclaim  him. — 
George  Ck)lman,  The  Jealous  Wife  (1761). 

Oates  (Dr,  Titns),  the  champion  of 
the  popish  plot. — Sir  W.  Scott,  FeverU 
of  the  Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Forth  eune  ttie  notortooi  Dr.  (Mm,  rwdtng  in  the  Aill 
■Ulua  canonlcsli  of  prieatbood.  for  ...  be  •ShuHieA  iio 
nmdl  dlgnitj  of  exterior  decoration  and  deportment.  .  .  . 
His  ext«rlor  was  portentoua.  A  fleece  oi  white  periwig 
■bowed  a  nuat  onoouth  vi««e,  of  ^aat  length,  baring  Uia 
OMNith  .  .  .  placed  In  the  renr  centre  of  the  countenance^ 
and  eKhiblting  to  the  astonined  qtectator  as  much  chin 
beiow  as  there  was  nose  and  brow  above  it.  Bb  pronon* 
datloo  was  after  a  cooeeiied  bdilon  of  ills  own.  in  whici. 
he  accented  the  rowels  in  a  manner  altogether  peculiar 
to  htamelt-Oi.  il. 

Oaths. 

John  Perrot,  a  natural  son  of  Henry 
VIII.,  was  the  first  to  employ  the  pro- 
fane oath  of  God's  Wounds,  which  queea 
£lizabktii  adopted,  but  the  ladies  of  he^ 
court  minced  and  softened  it  into  xowmU 
and  touierkins. 


OBADDON. 


696 


OBERTHAL. 


William  the  Conqueror  swore  by 
the  Spiendour  of  Ocd, 

William  Rufcs.  by  St,  Luke* s  face. 

King  John,  by  UodTa  Tooth, 

Henry  VllL,  by  Oaf «  Wounds, 

Charles  II.,  by  Odafish  [God's  Flesh]. 

L0UI8  XI.  of  Fnuice,  by  God's  Easter, 

Charles  VIII.  of  Fnmce,  by  God's 
Light, 

Louis  XII.,  by  The  Devil  take  me 
(DicAie  m^emporte). 

The  chevslier  Batard,  by  Gotts  Holy^ 
day, 

Francois  I.  used  for  Msereimtioii,  On 
the  wont  of  a  gentleman, 

Henry  III.  of  England,  when  he  con- 
firmed **Hagns  Charta,"  used  the  ex- 
pression, On  the  word  of  a  gentleman,  a 
hingy  and  a  knight. 

Earl  of  Angus  (reign  of  queen  Mary), 
when  incensed,  used  to  say,  By  the  might 
of  Godf  but  at  other  times  his  oath  was 
By  St,  Bride  of  Douglas,  —  Godscroft, 
275. 

St.  Winfred  or  BoniVace  used  to 
swear  by  St,  Peter^s  tomb. 

In  the  reign  of  Charles  II.  fancy  oaths 
were  the  fashiou.  (For  specimens,  see 
FOPPINGTON,  p.  846.) 

The  most  common  oath  of  the  ancient 
Romans  was  By  Hercules !  for  men ;  and 
By  Castor  J  for  women. 

Vlrl  per  Bereuttwt,  maUerM  per  Oa$t0rtm,  atrfque  per 
PoOmtmiunn  MHtL-OeUlaa.  Jfeota*  AUtcm,  U.  S. 

Obad'don,  the  angel  of  death.  This 
is  not  the  same  angel  as  Abbad'ona,  one 
of  the  fallen  angels  and  once  the  friend 
of  Ab'diel  (bk.  vi.). 

Mf  naow  b  Bpliod  OImkMob  or  Sevrolold  Reveagik  I 
an  an  angel  of  deetructlon.  It  wm  I  who  dertrored  Um 
int-bom  of  Vvpc  It  wae  I  who  alev  the  araur  oT  San- 
nacherib.— KJopetod^  !%•  MetdoA,  xlU.  (1771). 

Obadi'ah,  '*the  foolish  fat  scullion** 
in  Sterne's  novel  of  Tristratn  Shandu 
(1769). 

Obad^ah,  clerk  to  justice  Day.  A  nin- 
compoop, fond  of  drinking,  but  with  just 
a  shade  more  brains  than  Abel  Day,  who 
is  "a  thorough  ass"  (act  i.  1).  —  T. 
Knight,  The  Honest  Thieves  (died  1820). 

This  farce  is  a  mere  r€chauff^  of  The 
Committee  (1670),  a  comedy  by  the  Hon. 
sir  R.  Howard,  the  names  and  much  of 
the  conversation  being  identical.  Colonel 
Blunt  is  called  in  the  farce  *<  captain 
Manly." 


Every  Dhar-foer  omit  havenen  Mondan  [1706-1813]  la 
"Ubadiah.  In  rk«  OommUtm  or  H^mtu  Tki^tet:  if  not. 
thcgr  are  to  be  pitied.— Mm  C.  Mathewi.  Tm-TatU  Vaik. 

Munden  wae  one  nigbt  pUortnn  "Obadlah.''  and  Jack 
Jnltnttone.  as  "Teague."  wiu  plylntt  bini  with  liqii«*r  iram 
a  W«rk  bottle;  The  Rtinuir*^  of  Miiiidi^ii  wtt'  •••  irr*.. 
MMlAy  conical,  that  uoi  onjjr  did  the  houaa  riirlak  wttk 


too 
pnweed.    When  "ObadUi"  vae  borne  olT. 
''  WbcciTs  the  TUIaln  that  illai  that  botdot 
laaq>  oUl  erenrdmpof  ttl"    The  fact  k.  the 
man  had  given  the  bottle  of  faunp  oil  bietead  of  tte 
filled  wHh  eherrr  and  water.    JohMtoM  adfied  Mi 
wby  he  had  not  given  hloi  a  hint  of  the  itftaka. 
Mondea  replied.  "  Thcta  was  each  a  gbriei  roar  ad 
fMea  I  OMMle.  that  I  had  sot  the  heart  le  ^laO 


to 

oill 


it."— 


Obadiah  Prim,  a  canting,  knavish 
hypocrite ;  one  of  the  four  guardians  of 
Anne  Lovely  the  heiress.  Colonel  Feign- 
weU  personates  Simon  Pure,  and  obtains 
the  quaker*s  consent  to  his  marriage  with 
Anne  Lovely. — Mrs.  Centlivire,  A  Bold 
Stroke  for  a  Wife  (1717). 

Obermaiin,  the  impersonation  of 
high  moral  worth  without  talent,  and 
the  tortures  endured  by  the  consciousness 
of  this  defect. — Etienne  Pivert  de  Sen'- 
ancour,  Obermann  (1804). 

Oberon,  kin^  of  the  fairies,  quarrelled 
with  his  wife  Titania  about  a  *'  change- 
ling" which  ObSron  wanted  for  a  page, 
but  Titania  refused  to  give  up.  Oberon, 
in  revenge,  anointed  her  eyes  in  sleep 
with  the  extract  of  "  Love  in  Idleness,** 
the  effect  of  which  was  to  make  the 
sleeper  in  love  with  the  first  object 
beheld  on  waking.  Titania  happened 
to  see  a  country  bumpkin,  whom  Puck 
had  dressed  up  with  an  as8*s  head. 
Oberon  came  upon  her  while  she  was 
fondling  the  clown,  sprinkled  on  her  an 
antidote,  and  she  was  so  ashamed  of  her 
folly  that  she  readily  consented  to  give 
up  the  boy  to  her  spouse  for  his  page. — 
Shakespeare,  Midsummer  Nights  Dream 
(1692). 

Oberon  the  Fay»  king  of  Hommur, 
a  humpty  dwarf,  three  feet  high,  of 
angelic  fttce.  He  told  sir  Huon  that 
the  Lady  of  the  Hidden  Isle  {CephoUonia) 
married  NeptanSbus  king  of  ^O'P^  ^Y 
whom  she  had  a  son  named  Alexander 
**  the  Great"  Seven  hundred  years  later 
she  had  another  son,  Oberon,  bv  Julius 
Caesar,  who  stopped  in  Cephalonia  on 
his  way  to  Thessalv.  At  the  birth  of 
Oberon,  the  &iries  bestowed  their  gifts 
on  him.  One  was  insight  into  men*s 
thoughts,  and  another  was  the  power  of 
transporting  himself  instantaneously  to 
^ny  place.  At  death,  he  made  Huon  his 
successor,  and  was  borne  to  paradise. — 
Hugh  de  Bordeaux  (a  romance). 

Oberthal  (Count),  lord  of  Dordrecht, 
near  the  Meuse.  When  Bertha,  one  of 
bis  vassals,  asked  permission  to  marry 
John  of  Leyden,  the  count  withheld  his 
consent,  as  he  design^  to  make  Bertha 


OBI. 


697 


OCTAVIAN. 


lus  mistress.  This  drove  John  into  re- 
bellion, and  he  joined  the  anabaptists. 
Tlie  count  was  taken  prisoner  by  Gio'na, 
a  discarded  servant,  but  was  liberated  by 
John.  When  John  was  crowned  prophet- 
king,  the  coont  entered  the  banquet-hall 
to  arrest  him,  and  perished  with  him  in 
the  flamra  of  the  burning  palace. — Meyer- 
beer, Le  PmphiU  (opera,  1849). 

ObL  Amon^  the  negroes  of  the  West 
Indies,  "  Obi"  is  the  name  of  a  magical 
power,  supposed  to  aflfect  men  with  all 
the  eunee  (tf  an  "  evil  eye." 

Obi- Woman  {An)^  an  African  sor- 
oeresfl,  a  worshipper  of  Mnmbo  Jumbo. 

Obi'dahy  a  young  man  who  meets 
with  various  adventures  and  misfortunes 
•ll^orical  of  human  life. — "Dt,  Johnson, 
The  BambUr  (1750-2). 

Obidlcutf  the  fiend  of  lust,  and  one 
of  the  five  which  possessed  **  poor  Tom." 
— Shakespeare,  King  Lear^  act  iv.  sc.  1 
(1605). 

CyBrallaehan  {Sir  CaUaghan),  "a 
wild  Irish  soldier  in  the  Prussian  army. 
His  military  humour  makes  one  fancy  he 
was  not  only  bom  in  a  siege,  but  that 
BeUdna  had  been  his  nurse,  Mars  his 
schoolmaster,  and  the  Furies  his  plM** 
fellows"  fact  i.  1).  He  is  the  successful 
suitor  of  Charlotte  Goodchild. — Macklin, 
Love  a-loHmode  (1759). 

O^rien,  the  Irish  lieutenant  under 
captain  Savage. — Oiptain  Marryat,  Peter 
SAiple  (1833). 

Obeervant  Friars,  those  friars 
who  observe  the  rule  of  St.  Francis :  to 
abjure  books,  land,  house,  and  chapd, 
to  live  on  alms,  dress  in  rags,  feed  on 
scraps,  and  sleep  anywhere. 

Obsid'ian  Stone,  the  lapis  OMdia'- 
nu8  of  Pliny  {Nat,  hist.,  xxxvi.  67  and 
xxxvii.  76).  A  black  diaphanous  stone, 
discovered  by  Obsidius  in  Ethiopia. 

For  with  OMdlMi  ttOM 'twM  ebMIr  HMid 
8b-  W.  DMYwituit.  Ovndihtrt,  U.  0  (dlad  1688). 

Obstinate,  an  inhabitant  of  the  City 
of  Destruction,  who  advised  Christian  to 
return  to  his  family,  and  not  run  on  a 
wild-goose  chase.  —  Bunyan,  PUgrim's 
Progress,  L  (1678). 

Obstinate  as  a  Breton,  a  French 
proverbial  phrase. 

Occasion,  the  mother  of  Furor ;  an 
ly,  wrinkled  old  hag,  lame  of  one  foot, 
er  head  was  bald  behind,  but  in  front 
she  bad  a  few  hoary  locks.    Sir  Guyon 


1 


seized  her,  gagged  her,  and  bound  hen- 
Spenser,  Fd^  Queen,  ii.  4  (1590). 

Oce'ana,  an  ideal  republic  on  the 
plan  of  Plato's  Atlantis.  It  represents 
the  author's  notion  of  a  model  com- 
monwealth.— James  Harrington,  Oceana 
(1656). 

OchHtree  {OldEdie),  a  king's  bedes- 
man or  blue-gown.  £die  is  a  garrulous, 
kind-hearted,  wandering  beggar,  who 
assures  Mr.  Level  that  the  supposed  ruins 
of  a  Roman  camp  is  no  such  thing.  The 
old  bedesman  delighted  **to  daunder 
down  the  bumsides  and  green  shaws." 
He  is  a  well-drawn  character. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  The  Antiquary  (time,  George  III.). 

Oonus  ( The  Rope  of),  profitless  labour. 
Ocnus  is  represented  as  twisting  with 
unwearied  dilij^ence  a  rope,  which  an  ass 
eats  as  fast  as  it  is  made.  The  allegory 
signifies  that  Ocnus  worked  hard  to  earn 
money,  which  his  wife  spent  by  her  ex- 
travagance. 

Octa,  a  mountain  ttam  which  the 
Latin  poets  say  the  sun  rises. 

Octave  (2  syl.),  the  son  of  Aigante 
f2  syl,).  During  the  absence  of  his 
father.  Octave  fell  in  love  with  Hya- 
cintbe  daughter  of  G^ronte,  and  married 
her,  supposing  her  to  be  the  daughter 
of  sigmor  Pandolphe  of  Tarentum.  His 
father  wanted  him  to  marry  the  daughter 
of  his  friend  Ge'ronte,  but  Octave  would 
not  listen  to  it.  It  turned  out,  however, 
that  the  daughter  of  Pandolphe  and  the 
daughter  of  Gt^ronte  were  one  and  the 
same  person,  for  G^ronte  had  assumed 
the  name  of  Pandolphe  while  he  lived  in 
Tarentum,  and  his  wife  and  daughter 
stayed  behind  after  the  father  went  to 
live  at  Naples. — Molibre,  Les  Faurberies 
de  Soapin  (1671). 

*^f.*  In  the  English  version,  called  The 
ChtxUs  of  Scapin,  by  Thomas  Otway, 
Octave  18  called  **Octavian,"  Argante 
is  called  "Thrifty,"  Hyacinthe  is  caUed 
"  Clara,"  and  G<?ronte  is  "  Gripe." 

Octavian,  the  lover  of  Floranthd. 
He  goes  mad  because  he  fancies  that 
Floranth6  loves  another ;  but  Roque,  a 
blunt,  kind-hearted  old  man,  assures  him 
that  dona  Floranthd  is  true  to  him,  and 
induces  him  to  return  home. — Colman 
the  younger,  Octavian  (1824). 

Octavian,  the  English  form  of  *'  Octave  ** 
(2  syl,),  in  Otway's  Cheats  of  Soapi$^ 
(Sec  Octave.) 


OCTAVIO. 


698 


ODYSSEY. 


Oota^Tio,  the  supposed  husband  of 
Jacintha.  This  Jacintba  was  at  one  time 
contracted  to  don  Henrique,  but  Yiohinte 
(4  syl,)  passed  for  don  Henrique's  wife. — 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  the  Spanish 
Curate  (1622). 

Octavio,  the  betrothed  of  donna  Clara. 
— Jephson,  Ttco  String*  to  your  Bow 
(1792). 

Octer,  a  sea-captain  in  the  reign  of 
king  Alfred,  who  traversed  the  Norwegian 
mountains,  and  sailed  to  the  Dwina  in 
the  north  of  Russia. 

The  Saxon  kwaying  aD,  In  AStniPn  powerftd  rolgn. 
Our  IngUak  OoUr  pvt  a  fleet  to  tea  acain. 

Drayton.  JWyolMon.  zfac.  (19X2). 

O'Cutter  (Caj[)tain),  a  ridiculous 
Irish  captain,  befnended  by  lady  Free- 
love  and  lord  Trinket.  He  speaks  with 
a  ipreat  brogue,  and  interlards  his  speech 
with  sea  terms. — George  Oolman,  The 
Jealous  Wife  (1761). 

Oc'ypuSj  son  of  PodaliriuB  and 
Astasia,  noted  for  his  strength,  agility, 
and  beauty.  Ocypus  used  to  Jeer  at  the 
gout,  and  the  goddess  of  that  disease 
caused  him  to  suffer  from  it  for  ever. — 
Lucian. 

Oda,  the  dormitory  of  the  Bultan*s 
seraglio. 

It  waa  a  naeioaa  ohanber  (Oda  b 

The  Turkidi  title),  ami  mngad  round  tlM  wall 

Wereoouchea. 

Brron,  Don  Jvein,  vL  SI  (1824). 

OdaUBquOy  in  Turkey,  one  of  the 
female  slaves  in  the  sultan's  harem 
{odalikj  Arabic,  ''a  chamber  companion," 
oda^  **  a  chamber"). 

H«  went  forth  with  th«  lovoljr  odaUaqoaa. 

Byron,  Don  Juan,  vL  29  (ISM). 

Odd  Numbere.  Among  the 
Chinese,  heaven  is  ocfef,  earth  is  ef?en ; 
heaven  is  rounds  earth  is  square.  The 
numbers  1,  3,  5,  7,  9,  belong  to  yang 
("heaven");  but  2,  4,  6,  8,  10,  belong 
to  yin  ("earth "). — Rev.  Mr.  Edkins. 

Ode  (Prince  of  the).  Pierre  de  Ronsard 
(1524-1686). 

Odoar,  the  venerable  abbot  of  St. 
Felix,  who  sheltered  king  Roderick  after 
bis  dethronement.  —  Southey,  Roderick^ 
Last  of  the  Goths,  iv.  (1814). 

*^*  Southey  sometimes  makes  the 
word  Odoar'  [O'.dor],  and  sometimes 
O'doar  (3  sy/.),  e.g. : 

Mnfir'.  the  venerable  abbot,  tat  (a  jyf.).  .  .  . 
Odoai'  and  Urban  eyed  him  while  be  stNike.  .  .  • 
The  lad>  Adoilnds,  O'dnar  rrfed  (H  ««/.).  .  .  . 
Tdl  Itlm  in  Cdow'a  name  the  hour  u  oammX 


O'Doh'erty  {Sir  Morgan),  a  psea^ 
donym  of  W.  Maginn,  LL.D.,  in  Blach^ 
wooSs  Magazine  (1819-1842). 

O'Donohue's  White  Horses. 
The  boatmen  of  Killamey  so  call  those 
waves  which,  on  a  windy  day,  come 
crested  with  foam.  The  spirit  of 
O'Donohue  is  supposed  to  glide  over  the 
lake  of  Killamey  every  Mav-day  on  his 
favourite  white  horse,  to  the  sound  of 
unearthly  music. 

Odori'co^  a  Biscayan,  to  whom  Zer- 
bi'no  commits  Isabella.  He  proves  a 
traitor,  and  tries  to  defile  her,  but  is 
interrupted  in  his  base  endeavour. 
Almonio  defies  him  to  single  combat, 
and  he  is  delivered  bound  to  Zerbino, 
who  condemns  him,  in  punishment,  to 
attend  on  Gabrina  for  twelve  months,  as 
her  'squire.  He  accepts  the  charge,  but 
hangs  Gabrina  on  an  elm,  and  is  mmself 
hung  by  Almonio  to  the  same  tree. — 
Ariosto,  Orlando  Furioso  (1516). 

Odour  of  Saneti^.  To  die  "  in 
the  odour  of  sanctity  did  not  mean 
simplv  in  "  good  repute."  It  was  a 
prevalent  notion  that  tiie  dead  body  of 
a  saint  positively  emitted  a  sweet- 
smelling  savour,  and  the  dead  body  of 
the  unbaptized  an  offensive  smell. 


Then  he  anote  off  hto  head ;  and  tberewltlMiIl  came  a 
stanch  out  of  the  body  when  the  aoid  departed,  ao  tbat 
there  might  nobody  abide  ttte  aaTovr.  So  was  the  corpM 
had  away  and  buried  In  a  wood,  becanae  he  was apanim. 
.  .  .  Then  the  haughty  prinee  said  unto  rfr  PMDiedea. 
"  Here  have  ye  seen  thia  day  a  great  miracle  by  air  Corsi^ 
brln,  what  aaTour  there  was  when  the  aoul  departed  from. 
the  body,  therefore  we  require  you  far  to  take  the  holy 
bftptiam  upon  you  [that  when  ^f9ud^*.JfOH  magdU  intht 
odour  of  tancHtr,  tmd not,tUte$ir  OortabrUt,  intho  dt*- 
odour  of  Me  uftUaptbodi^-^bc  T.  Makxy.  BUtorw  ^ 
PHnco  A  rthur,  IL  US  (1470). 

When  ilr  Bon  and  hb  feUowi  came  to  rfr  LounoHot's 
bed.  they  found  him  itark  dead,  .  .  .  and  the  sweetae 
flavour  about  him  that  ever  they  vneUed.  iFkU  waa  Me 
odour  <^  »aneat^.}—aUtor9  of  Prineo  A  rthur,  ilL  17S. 

Odours  for  Pood,  Plutarch, 
Pliny,  and  divers  other  ancients  tell  us 
of  a  nation  in  India  that  lived  only  upon 
pleasing  odours.  Democ'ritos  lived  for 
several  days  together  on  the  mere  eflduvia 
of  hot  bread.— Dr.  John  Wilkins  (1614- 
1672). 

0*I>owd  {Cornelius),  the  nseudonym 
of  Charles  James  Lever,  in  jUaokwood's 
Magazine  (1809-1872). 

Odyssey.  Homer*8  epic,  recording 
the  adventures  of  Odysseus  {Ulysses)  in 
his  voyage  home  from  Troy. 

Book  1.  The  poem  opens  in  the  island 
of  Calypso,  with  a  complaint  against 
Neptune  and  Calypso  for  preventing  the 
return  of  Odysseus  (3  syl.)  to  Ithaca. 


ODYSSEY. 


699 


OFFA'S  DYKE. 


II.  Telemachos,  fche  son  of  Odysseus, 
■tarta  in  scATch  of  his  father,  Accom- 
panied by  Pallas  in  the  gnise  of  Mentor. 

III.  Goes  to  Pylos,  to  consult  old 
Nestor,  and 

IV.  Is  sent  by  him  to  Sparta;  where 
he  is  told  bv  Menel&os  that  Odysseus  ii 
detained  in  tne  island  of  Calypso. 

y.  In  the  mean  time,  Odysseus  leaves 
tlie  iriand,  and,  being  shipwrecked,  is  cast 
on  Uie  shore  of  Phieftcia, 

YI.  Where  Nansicfta,  the  king*s 
daiuriiter,  finds  him  asleep,  and 

VII.  Takes  him  to  the  conrt  of  her 
father  AlcinOos,  who 

VIII.  Entertains  him  hospitably. 

IX.  At  a  banquet,  Odysseus  relates  his 
adventures  since  he  started  from  Troy. 
Tells  about  the  Lotus-eaters  and  the 
Cvdops,  with  his  adventures  in  the  cave 
of  Polyphemos.    He  tells  how 

X.  The  wind-god  gave  him  the  winds 
in  a  bag.  In  the  island  of  Circ6,  he  says, 
his  crew  were  changed  to  swine,  but 
Mercnrr  gave  him  a  herb  called  Moly, 
which  disenchanted  them. 

XI.  He  tells  the  king  how  he  de- 
scended into  had^ ; 

XII.  Gives  an  account  of  the  syrens  ^  of 
ScyUa  and  Charrbdis ;  and  of  his  being 
cast  on  the  island  of  Calypso. 

XIII.  Alcinoos  gives  Od3rsseus  a  ship 
which  conveys  him  to  Ithica,  where  he 
ascumes  the  disguise  of  a  b^mu*, 

XIV.  And  is  lodged  in  £e  house  of 
BauMBOS,  a  faithful  old  domestic. 

XV.  Telemachos,  having  returned  to 
Ithaea,  is  lodged  in  the  same  house, 

XVI.  And  becomes  known  to  his 
father. 

XVII.  Od3r88eus  goes  to  his  palace,  is 
recc^ized  by  his  dog  Argos  ;  but 

XVIII.  The  b^cgar  Iros  insults  him, 
and  Odysseus  breaks  his  jaw-bone. 

XIX.  While  bathing,  the  returned  mon- 
arch is  recognized  by  a  scar  on  his  leg ; 

XX.  And  when  he  enters  his  palace, 
becomes  an  eye-witness  to  the  disorders 
of  the  court,  and  to  the  way  in  which 

XXI.  PenelopS  is  pestered  by  suitors. 
To  excuse  hereelf,  Penelope  tells  her 
snitora  he  only  shall  be  her  nusbond  who 
can  bend  Odysseus^s  bow.  None  can  do 
so  but  the  stranger,  who  bends  it  with 
ease.  Concealment  is  no  longer  possible 
or  desirable ; 

XXII.  He  ftUa  on  the  suitors  hip  and 
thi  gh  ; 

XXIII.  Is  recognized  by  his  wife ; 
XXrV.  Visits  bis  old  father  Laert^ ; 

and  the  poem  ends. 


GBa'giian    Harpist    (The),     Or- 
pheus son  of  (Ea'gros  and  CalliOpiil. 


•  •    •  CBB  DO  I 

Turn  th*  flan*  walksn  of  Uie  wUdernMM, 
Than  that  (]Bi«rfaui  karpht.  fur  whom  U)r 
llfM*  with  hanger  pined  nftA  left  their  prajr. 
Wm.  Browne,  Briumnim'»  Fattoralt,  r.  (1613). 

OB'dipos  (in  Latin  (Edijms\  son  of 
Lalus  and  Jocasta.  The  most  mournful 
tale  of  classic  story. 

*^  This  tale  has  furnished  the  subject 
matter  of  several  tragedies.  In  Greek 
we  have  (EdipHS  Tyrannua  and  (Edipus  at 
ColdnHSf  by  Soph'ocl§s.  In  French, 
(EdipCj  by  Comeille  (1659);  (EdipCf  by 
Voltaire  (1718) ;  (EdUpe  chet  Adtnete,  by 
J.  F.  Ducis  (1778) ;  (Edipe  Boi  and  (Edipe 
a  Coloney  by  Chenier;  etc.  In  Englisn, 
(Edipus,  by  Dryden  and  Lee. 

(Bno'ne  (3  syL),  a  nymph  of  mount 
Ida,  who  had  the  i^ft  of  prophecy,  and 
told  her  husband,  Paris,  that  nis  voyi^ 
to  Greece  would  involve  him  and  his 
country  (Troy)  in  ruin.  When  the  dead 
body  of  old  Priam*s  son  was  laid  at  her 
feet,  she  stabbed  herself. 

Hitter  came  at  noon 
MoomfM  CBn«n«.  wjimlerins  forlorn 
or  Paris,  oooe  ber  piajrmate  on  the  hlllt(ACa1. 

Tennjrion,  tSncrne, 

*^*  Kalkbrenner,  in  1804,  made  this 
the  subject  of  an  opera. 

(Sno'pian,   father   of  Mer'opd,    to 

whom  the  giant  Orion  made  advances. 

CEnopian,  uuMrilline  to  g[ive  hid  daughter 

to  him,  put  out  uie  giant's  eyes  In  a 

drunken  fit. 

OrloQ  . . . 
Reeled  a*  of  jrore  betide  the  MB, 
When  blinded  by  OCnoplon. 

Longfellow,  r*«  OoomUatUn  qf  Oriom^ 

CBte'an  Knight  (TAtf).  Her'cul^is 
so  called,  because  he  burnt  himself  to 
death  on  mount  G£ta  or  <£t«a,  in  Thessaly. 

flo  ako  dM  that  pvat  (Btean  knight 
For  bk  tore*!  nke  bb  lloo'a  skin  uodlght. 

Spenser.  FMrp  QMeen.  r.  8  (ISS^ 

Offfe^  king  of  Merda,  was  the  son  of 
Thingferth,  and  the  eleventh  in  descent 
from  Woden.  Thus:  Woden,  (1)  his  son 
Wihtheg,  (2)  his  son  Wermund,  (3)  Offa 
I.,  (4)  Angeltheow,  (5)  Eomier,  (6)  Icel, 
(7)  Pybba,  (8)  Osmod,  (9)  £nwulf,  (10) 
Thingferth,  (11)  Offa,  whose  son  was 
Egfert  who  died  within  a  year  of  his 
fi^er.  His  daughter,  Ead\)u^a,  married 
Bertric  king  of  tiie  West  Ss^ons ;  and 
after  the  death  of  her  husband,  she  went 
to  the  court  of  king  Charlemagne.  Olfa 
reigned  thirty-nine  years  (755-794). 

Offk*8  Dyke,  a  dyke  from  Beachley 
to  Flintshire,  repaired  by  Oila  king  of 


OTLAHERTT. 


700 


OINA-MORUL. 


Mercia,  mod  used  m  &  rou^  boandiuy  of 
his  territory.    Atser,  however,  Miys : 

There  wai  In  M«fela  (XIK  886)  a  cMtain  valiant  king 
who  was  feaind  bjr  all  Om  Uiu^  and  naighbonrlag  gtatea 
aroond.  BbnaaM  waaOfa.  He  U  was  vlw  had tke  great 
mnpaft  nude  from  wa  to  Ma  batVMn  Britain  and  MerdiL 
-^lAf^tf  AlfrM  (ninth  eentaiy). 

Oflk.  .  .  .  to  keep  the  Britona  bark. 

Out  ■»  that  nrightr  aoMid  of  alghty  Mltai  ki  laacfli. 

Athwart  from  ma  to  aaa. 

Dnrton.  Fa^hton,  Is.  (MH. 

O'Flahertj'  {Denms)^  called  ^'  major 
0*Flaherty.'*  A  soldier,  mjb  he,  is  "  no 
Urery  for  a  knave/*  aoa  Ireland  is  "  not 
the  country  of  dishonour."  The  major 
pays  court  to  old  lady  Rusport,  but  when 
ne  detects  her  dishonest  purposes  in  brib- 
ing her  lawyer  to  make  away  with  sir 
Oliver's  will,  and  cheating  Charles  Dudley 
of  his  fortune,  he  not  omy  abandons  his 
suit,  but  exposes  her  dishonesty. — Cum- 
berUnd,  The  West  Indian  (1771). 

Qgf,  king  of  Baian.  Thus  saith  the 
labbis : 


Ito  hdtMof  hlialatan«Mtt.nieakltBr«Miwfy  «i« 
mUml  He  amd  to  drink  watar  frnm  the  eknida.  and 
toan  fbh  hf  holding  them  before  the  orb  of  the  nin.  He 
aaked  Nonhtotake  him  bito  the  ark.  bat  Koah  would 
noL    When  the  flood  waa  at  Itadeeptt4.it  did  not  reach 


to  the  knees  of  thb  giant.    Oa  Uved'SOOO  fmn,  and  than 


war  he  tlaln  bf  the  band  c 

Mo>ea  waa  hhnaeir  ten  citblta  la  statvra  \Af*«fn  /mC], 
and  he  took  a  apear  ten  cubita  long,  and  threw  it  ten 
eabita  high,  and  jet  it  only  reached  the  heel  of  Oo.  .  .  . 
When  daad.  hi*  bod/  reached  aa  far  aa  the  rtver  Mile.  In 

Cig'a  mother  was  Eaae.  a  daughter  of  Adam.  Her  flngera 
wre  two  cablta  kmg  (one  yard  L  and  on  each  finger  Am 
had  two  iiharp  nalle.    She  waa  daroared  f 


br  wild  beaati.— 


In  the  satire  of  AbtcUom  and  Achitophel, 
by  Dr>'den  and  Tate,  Thomas  Shadwell, 
who  was  a  very  large  man,  is  called 
"  Og." 

O'g^er  the  Dane,  one  of  the  pala- 
dins of  the  Charlemagne  epodi.  When 
100  years  old.  Morgue  the  fay  took 
him  to  the  island  of  Av'alon,  **  hard  by 
the  terrestrial  paradise  ;'*  gave  him  a 
ring  which  restored  him  to  ripe  manhood, 
a  crown  which  made  him  for^t  his  past 
life,  and  introduced  him  to  king  Artnnr. 
Two  hundred  years  afterwards,  she  sent 
him  to  defend  France  from  the  paynims, 
who  had  invaded  it ;  and  having  routed 
the  invaders,  he  returned  to  Avalon  i^^in. 
—Ogier  ie  Danoisl%  romance). 

In  a  pack  of  French  cards,  Ogier  the 
Dane  is  knave  of  spades.  His  exploits 
are  related  in  the  ChMuaonade  Gesie:  he  is 
introduced  by  Ariosto  in  Orlando  /uriioso, 
and  by  Morris  in  his  Earthly  Paradise 
("August"). 

Ogier' 8  SwardSf  Curtina  ("the  cutter**) 
and  Sauvagine. 

Ogier't  norse^  Papillon. 


OfTle  {Mitt),  friend  of  Mrs.  Racket ; 
she  18  verv  jealona  of  yonng  gills,  and 
even  of  Mrs.  Racket,  because  flie  was 
some  fix  years  her  junior. — Mia.  Cowley, 
The  BelleU  Stratagem  (1780). 

(yglehy  {Lords,  an  old  fop,  vain  to 
excess,  but  gooa-natured  withal,  and 
quite  the  slave  of  the  fsir  sex,  were  they 
but  young  and  fair.  At  the  age  of  70, 
his  lordship  ftmcied  himself  an  Adonis, 
notwithstanding  his  qualms  and  his  rtiea- 
matism.  He  roquired  a  great  deal  of 
"  brushing,  oiling,  screwing,  and  winding 
up  before  he  appeared  in  public,**  but, 
when  fully  made  up,  was  game  for  the 
part  of  "  lover,  rake,  or  fine  gentleman.** 
Lord  Ogleby  made  his  bow  to  Fanny 
Sterling,  and  promised  to  make  her  a 
countess ;  but  the  yonng  lady  had  been 
privately  married  to  LovewcU  for  four 
months. — Colman  and  Garrick,  The  Clan- 
destine Marriage  (1766). 

No  OBO  eoohi  drilver  aocb  a  dtatogae  aa  k  fcmd  ta 
"bri  Ogiebf"  and  in  "atr  Palar  Teaila''  (««*••# /er 
aewtdat,  SherManl  with  nch  point  aa  IhonMa  Uas 
[17SS-1806).— £<^  V  SktrUam. 

O'griy  giants  who  fed  on  human  flesh. 

O'Groat  {John),  with  his  two  brothers, 
Malcolm  and  Gavin,  settled  in  Caithness 
in  the  reign  of  James  IV.  The  families 
lived  together  in  harmony  for  a  time,  and 
met  once  a  year  at  John*s  house.  On  one 
occasion  a  dispute  arose  about  precedency 
— ^who  was  to  take  the  bead  of  the  table, 
and  y^rho  was  to  go  out  first.  The  old 
man  said  he  woidd  settle  the  question  at 
the  next  annual  muster ;  accordingly  he 
made  as  many  doors  to  his  house  as  there 
were  families,  and  placed  his  guests  at  a 
round  table. 

*4i*  The  legend  is  sometimes  told  some- 
what differently  (see  p.  498). 

Oig  M'Combich  {Bobin)  or  McGre- 
gor, a  Highland  drover,  who  quarrels 
with  Harry  Wakefield  an  Englbh  drover, 
about  a  pasture-field,  and  stabs  him. 
Being  tried  at  Carlisle  for  murder,  Robin 
is  condemned  to  death. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
The  Two  Drovers  (time,  George  III.). 

Oina-MoruL  daughter  of  Mal- 
Orchol  king  of  Fuftrfed  (a  Scandinavian 
island).  Ton-Thormod  asked  her  in  mar- 
riage, and  being  refused  by  the  father, 
mi^e  war  upon  him.  Fing^  sent  his  son 
Ossian  to  the  aid  of  Mal-Orchol,  and  be 
took  Ton-Thormod  priaoner.  The  king 
now  offered  Ossian  his  daughter  to  wife, 
but  the  warrior-bard  discovered  that  the 
lady  had  given  her  heart  to  Ton-Thormod : 
whereupon   he  resigned  his  claim,  and 


I 


OITHONA, 


701 


OLD  GLORT. 


l>roiigfat  about  a  happy  reconciliation. — 
Ossian,  Oma-Morui, 

Oith'ona,  daughter  of  Xuftth,  be- 
trothed to  Gaul  son  of  Momi,  and  the 
day  of  their  marriage  was  fixed ;  but 
before  the  time  arrived,  Fin^  sent  for 
Gaol  to  aid  him  in  an  expedition  against 
the  Britons.  Gaul  promised  Oithona,  if 
he  snrviTed,  to  return  by  a  certain  day. 
Lathmon,  the  brother  of  Oithona,  was 
called  away  from  home  at  the  same  time, 
to  attend  his  father  on  an  expedition ;  so 
the  dbtmsel  was  left  alone  in  Dunlathmon. 
It  was  now  that  Dunrommath  lord  of 
Uthal  (one  of  the  Orkneys)  came  and 
carried  her  off  by  force  to  Trom'athon,  a 
desert  island,  where  he  concealed  her  in 
a  cave.  Gaul  returned  on  the  day  m>- 
nsinted,  heard  of  the  rape,  sailed  for 
Trom'athon,  and  found  tne  lady,  who 
told  him  her  tale  of  woe;  but  scarcely 
had  she  ended  when  Dunrommath  entered 
the  care  with  his  followers.  Gaul  in- 
stantly fell  on  him,  and  slew  him.  While 
the  battle  was  raging,  Oithona,  arrayed 
as  a  warrior,  rushed  into  the  thickest  of 
the  fight,  and  was  slain.  When  Gaul  had 
cut  off  Uie  head  of  Dunrommath,  he  saw 
what  he  thought  a  youth  dying  of  a 
wonnd,  and  tuting  off  the  helmet,  per- 
ceived it  was  OiUiona.  She  died,  and 
Gaol  returned  dbconsolate  to  Dunlath- 
mon.— Ossian,  Oithona. 

O.  JSLt  *U  correct. 

"T«i  an  oolto  atft  nov.  and  «•  thai  1m  oT  hi  a 


■ta.-amBaiT7.  "Tbadoor  !•  kielMd.  and  Um goard 

Okba,  one  of  the  sorcerers  in  the  cares 
of  Dom-foaniel  **  under  the  roots  of  the 
ocean.**  It  was  decreed  by  fate  that  one 
of  the  race  of  Hodei'rah  (3  syL)  would 
be  fatal  to  the  sorcerers ;  so  Okba  was 
sent  forth  to  kill  the  whole  race  both 
root  and  branch.  He  succeeded  in  cutting 
off  eight  of  them,  but  Thal'aba  contrived 
to  escape.  Abdaldar  was-  sent  to  hunt 
down  the  surrivor,  but  was  himself  killed 
by  a  simoom. 

"CunsootlM«.OkbaI"  Kbawlaeriad.  .  .  . 
*' Oktaa.  wrt  thou  weak  of  haartt 
Okba.  van  tlMM  bMad  of  m  f 
llijr  &t«  and  oun  w«m  on  tfaa  lot .  .  . 
Yhoa  haM  la»  rilp  Um  nlot  of  Daattajr. 
Cane  thee,  cum  tkea.  Okba!" 

Soothflir.  ThmMn  tht  Drntrofftr,  U.  7  (ITVT). 

O^ean  {Lieutenant),  a  quondam 
admirer  of  Mrs.  Margaret  Bertram  of 
Singleside.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Guy  Manmr- 
«^£^  (time,  George  II.). 

Olave,  brother  of  Norna,  and  grand- 
fatiier  of  Minna  and  Brenda  Troil. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Tkt  FiraU  (Ume,  William  III.). 


Old  A^  reetored  to  Touth. 
The  following  means  are  efficacious : — 

The  fontaine  dejmmenoey  **  cui  fit  rajo- 
venir  la  gent ; "  the  fountain  of  Bi'mini ; 
the  river  of  juvescence  at  the  foot  of 
Olympus ;  the  dancing  water,  presented 
bv  pnnce  Ghery  to  Faustar ;  the  broth  of 
Medea,  etc. 

We  are  also  told  of  grinding  old  men 
into  young.  Ogier,  at  100  years  old,  was 
restored  to  the  vigour  of  manhood  bv  a 
ring  given  him  by  Morgue  the  fay.  And 
Hebe  had  the  power  of  restoring  youth 
and  beauty  to  whom  she  chose. 

Old  Bags.  John  Scott,  lord  Eldon  ; 
so  caUed  because  he  carried  home  with 
him  in  sundry  bags  the  cases  pending  his 
judgment  (1751-1838). 

Old  Bona  Fide  (2  sy/.),  Louis  XIY. 
(1688,  1648-1715). 

Old  Curiosit7  Shop  {The\  a  tale 
by  C.  Dickens  (1840).  An  old  man. 
having  ran  through  his  fortune,  opened 
-a  curiosity  shop  in  order  to  earn  a  living, 
and  brou^t  up  a  gpranddaughtcr,  named 
Nell  [Trent],  14  years  of  age.  The  child 
was  the  darling  of  the  old  man,  but 
deluding  himselt  with  the  hope  of  making 
a  fortune  by  gaming,  he  lost  everything, 
and  went  forui,  wiw  the  child,  a  beggar. 
Their  wanderings  and  adventures  are 
riaoounted  till  they  reach  a  quiet  country 
village,  where  the  old  clergyman  gives 
them  a  cottage  to  live  in.  Here  Nell  soon 
dies,  and  the  grandfather  is  found  dead 
upon  her  fpntve.  The  main  character 
next  to  Nell  is  that  of  a  lad  named  Kit 
[Nubbles],  employed  in  the  curiosity 
shop,  who  adored  Nell  as  **  an  angel. ' 
This  boy  gets  in  the  service  of  Mr.  Gar- 
land, a  genial,  benevolent,  well-to-do 
man,  in  the  suburbs  of  London;  but 
Quilp  hates  the  lad,  and  induces  Brass,  a 
solicitor  of  Bevis  Marks,  to  put  a  £5 
bank-note  in  the  boy's  hat,  and  then 
accuse  him  of  theft.  Kit  is  tried,  and 
condemned  to  transportation,  but  the 
villainy  being  exposed  by  a  girl-of-all- 
work  nicknamed  **The  Marchioness,** 
Kit  is  liberated  and  restored  to  his  place, 
and  Quilp  drowns  himself. 

Old  Cutt^  Boames  (1  syl,),  the 
ftury  of  the  mine. 

Old  Fox  {The)y  marshal  Soult ;  so 
called  from  his  strategic  abilities  and 
never-failing  resources  (1769-1851). 

Old  Gib.,  Gibraltar  Rock. 

Old  Glory,  sir  Francis  Burdett ;  so 


OLD  GIB. 


702 


OLD  MOBTAUTT. 


CftUed  by  the  nulicali,  beoMue  at  one 
time  he  wm  their  leader.  In  his  latter 
ytmn  sir  Francis  joined  the  tories  (1770- 
1844). 

Old  Grog,  admiral  Edward  Vernon ; 
■o  called  from  his  wearing  a  grograa 
coat  in  fool  weather  (1684-1757). 

Old  Harry,  the  devil.  The  Hebrew 
•ar»n(**hairy  ones**)  is  translated '^devils*' 
in  L€v,  xvii.  7,  probably  meaning  "  he- 
goats.** 

Old  Hickory.  General  Andrew 
Johnson  was  so  called  in  1813.  He  was 
first  called  "Tough,**  then  "Tough  as 
Hickory,"  then  '^Hickory,**  and  lasUy 
"  Old  Hickory.** 

Old  Humphrey,  the  pseudonym 
of  George  Mogridge  of  London  (died 
1864). 

Old  Maid  (7^),  a  farce  by  Murphy 
(1761).  Miss  Uariow  is  the  "old  maid,** 
aged  46,  living;  with  her  brother  and  his 
bride  a  beautiful  young  woman  of  23. 
A  young  man  of  fortune,  having  seen 
them  at  Ranelagh,  falls  in  love  with  the 
Toungerlady;  and,  inquiring  their  names, 
IS  told  thejT  are  "  Mrs.  and  Miss  Harlow.** 
He  takes  it  for  granted  that  the  elder 
lady  is  the  mother,  and  the  younger  the 
daughter;  so  asks  permission  to  pay  his 
addresses  to  "Miss  Harlow.**  The  re- 
quest is  granted,  but  it  turns  out  that  the 
young  man  meant  Mrs.  Hailow,  and  the 
worst  of  the  matter  is,  that  the  elder 
spinster  was  engaged  to  be  married  to 
captain  Clape,  but  turned  him  off  for  the 
younger  man;  and,  when  the  mistake 
was  discovered,  was  left  like  the  last  rose 
of  summer  to  "pine  on  the  stem,*' for 
neither  felt  inclined  to  pluck  and  wear 
the  flower. 

Old  Maids,  a  comedy  by  S.  Knowles 
(1841).  The  "old  maids'*  are  lady 
Blanche  and  lady  Anne,  two  young  ladies 
who  resolve  to  die  old  maids.  Their 
resolutions,  however,  are  but  ropes  of 
sand,  for  lady  Blanche  falls  in  love  with 
colonel  Blount,  and  lady  Anne  with  sir 
Philip  Brilliant. 

Old  Man  (An),  sir  Francis  Bond 
Head,  bart,  who  published  his  Bubbles 
from  the  Brunnen  of  Nassau  under  this 
signature  (1798-        ). 

Old  Man  Sloquent  {The),  Isoc'- 
rat^  the  orator.  The  defeat  of  the 
Athenians  at  (jheronie'a  had  such  an  effect 
on  his  spirits,  that  he  languished  and 
died  within  four  days,  in  the  99th  year 
of  his  age. 


fimalto 

tlMtOld 


At 
KiUMl 


Old  Man  of 'Oay  {The),  a  tall  pillar 
of  old  red  conglomerate  in  the  island  of 
Hoy.  The  softer  parts  have  been  washed 
away  by  the  action  of  the  waves. 

Old  Man  of  the  iffrtn^t^iw^ 

Hassan-ben-Sabah,  sheik  al  Jebal ;  also 
called  subah  of  Nishaponr,  the  founder 
of  the  band  (1090).  Two  letters  ai« 
inserted  in  Rymer's  Fosdera  by  Dr.  Adam 
Clarke,  the  editor,  said  to  be  wiittan  by 
this  sheik. 

Aloaddin,  **  prince  of  the  Assassins  ** 
(thirteenth  century). 

Old  Man  of  the  Sea  {The),  a  mon- 
ster which  contrived  to  get  on  the  back  of 
Sindbad  the  sailor,  and  refused  to  dis- 
mount. Sindbad  at  length  made  him 
drunk,  and  then  shook  him  off. — Arabian 
Nights  ("Sindbad  the  Sailor,**  fifth 
voyage). 

Oid  Man  of  the  Sea  {The),  Phorcus. 
He  had  three  daughters,  with  only  one 
eve  and  one  tooth  between  *em. — GrceJk 
Mythology, 

Old  Manor-Houae  {The),  a  novel 
by  Charlotte  Smith.  Bfrs.  Rayland  is  the 
lady  of  the  manor  (1798). 

Old  Moll,  the  beautiful  daughter  of 
John  Overie  or  Audeiv  (contracted  into 
Overs)  a  miserly  nsrryinan.  "Old 
Moll  *'  is  a  standing  toast  with  the  parish 
officers  of  St.  Mary  Overs'. 

Old  Mortality,  the  best  of  Scott's 
historical  novels  (1816).  Morton  is  the 
best  of  his  young  heroes,  and  serves  as 
an  excellent  foil  to  the  fanatical  and 
gloomy  Burley.  The  two  classes  of 
actors,  Tiz.,  the  brave  and  dissolute 
cavaliers,  and  the  resolute  oppressed 
covenanters,  are  drawn  in  bold  relief. 
The  most  striking  incidents  are  the 
terrible  encounter  with  Burley  in  his 
rocky  fastness ;  the  dejection  and  anxiety 
of  Blorton  on  his  return  from  Holland'; 
and  the  rural  comfort  of  Cuddie  Head- 
ri^'s  cottage  on  the  banks  of  the  Clyde, 
wim  its  thin  blue  smoke  among  the 
trees,  "showing  that  the  evening  meal 
was  being  made  ready.** 

OM  Jtfortotfty  alwiiTfl  apiwand  to  bm  Um  "  Mannloa  * 
of  Soottli  Dordi.— €luunb«n,  £nftWk  LUtrmtm*.  li.  tSf. 

Old  Mortality,  an  itinerant  antiquary, 
whose  craze  is  to  clean  the  moss  from 
gravestones,  and  keep  their  letters  and 
eflfigies  in  good  condition.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Old  Mortality  (time,  Charles  II.). 


OLD  NOLL. 


703 


OLINDO. 


\*  The  prototype  of  "  Old  Mortality  " 
trns  Robert  Patterson. 

Old  NoU,  OUver  CromweU  (1599- 
1658). 

Old  Noirs  Fiddler,  sir  Ro^er  Lestrange, 
nrho  played  the  bass-viol  at  the  musical 
parties  held  at  John  Hingston^s  house, 
-where  Oliver  Cromwell  was  a  eonstant 
^est. 

Old  Rowley^  Charles  II. ;  so  called 
from  his  fitvounte  race-horse  (1630, 
1660-1685). 

♦^*  A  portion  of  Newmarket  race- 
coarse  is  still  called  '^  Rowley  mile." 

Old  Stone,  Henry  Stone,  statuary 
and  painter  (died  1658). 

Old  Tom,  cordial  gin.  So  called 
from  Tom  Chamberlain  (one  of  the  firm 
of  Messrs.  Hodges'  gin  distillery),  who 
fint  concocted  it. 

Oldboy  (Colonel)^  a  manly  retired 
officer,  fond  of  his  glass,  and  not  averse 
to  a  little  spice  of  the  Lothario  spirit. 

Lady  Mary  Oldboy,  daughter  of  lord 
Jessamy  and  wife  of  the  colonel.  A 
Bickly  nonentity, "  ever  complaining,  ever 
having  something  the  matter  with  her 
head,  back,  or  le^."  Afraid  of  the 
8li|^test  breath  of  wind,  iarred  by  a  loud 
Toice,  and  incapable  of  the  least  ex- 
ertion. 

Vkma  Oldboy,  dan^ter  of  the  colonel. 
She  marries  Harman. 

Jesaamy,  son  of  the  colonel  and  lady 
Hary.  An  insufferable  prig. — ^Bicker- 
BUdi,  Lionel  and  Clarissa, 

Oldbndk  (Jonathan),  tiie  antiouary, 
devoted  to  the  study  and  accumulation 
of  old  coins  and  medals,  etc.  He  is 
MTcastic,  irritable,  and  a  woman-hater ; 
but  kind-hearted,  faithful  to  his  friends, 
and  a  humorist.  —  Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Antiquary  (time  George  III.). 

Ab  caceOeBt  temper,  with  »  riig^t  daeree  of  ubikckl 

;  learninf.  wit,  and  drullciy,  the  mors  poigiuuit 

ft  little  marked  hf  the  peoulioritUs  of  an 


.thef' 
oU  hartwtor ;  a  aoiidiieM  of  fihougfat.  rendered   more 
fonible  bf  an  occasional  quaintneia  of  exprevion.— theie 
the  qualities  in  which  the  cfeature  of  my  bnaaina- 


ibled  mj  benemlent  and  oceileat  old 
W.  Seott. 

The  HMrit  of  Tfte  Antiqwtrjt  a«  a  novel  reati  on  the 
telmltahle  delineation  of  Oldbaek.  that  model  of  hlaek* 
lecier  and  Roman-camp  anttquariet,  whoee  oddltks  and 
eoavenatton  are  ridi  aiid  tmcj  as  any  of  the  old  crusted 
port  thai  John  of  the  Giniel  might  haTo  held  In  hU 
caltan^-Obamben.  Smgtit^  Uuratwr*,  IL  MS. 


Oldoaatle  (8^  John),  a  drama  by 
Anthony  Munday  (1600).  This  pUy 
appeared  with  the  name  of  Shakespeare 
on  Uie  title-page. 

Oldworth,   of   Oldworth   Oaks,    a 


wealthy  squire,  liberally  educated,  very 
hospitable,  benevolent,  humorous,  and 
whimsical.  He  bring8  up  Maria  "the 
maid  of  the  Oaks  "  as  his  ward,  but  she 
ishis  daughter  and  heiress. — J.  Burgoyne, 
The  Maid  of  the  Oaks  (1779). 

OliflEUit,  the  horn  of  Roland  or 
Orlando.  This  horn  and  the  sword 
"  Durinda'na "  were  buried  with  the 
hero.  Turpin  tells  us  in  his  Chronicle 
that  Charlemagne  heard  the  blare  of  this 
horn  at  the  distance  of  eight  miles. 

Olifant  (Basil),  a  kinsman  of  lady 
Margaret  Uellenden,  of  the  Tower  of 
Tillietudlem.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Old  Mor- 
tality (time,  Charles  II.). 

OliflEtunt  (Lord  Nigel),  of  Glcnrar- 
loch.  On  going  to  court  to  present 
a  petition  to  James  I.,  he  aroused  the 
dislike  of  the  duke  of  Buckingham. 
Lord  Dalgamo  gave  him  the  cut  airect, 
and  Nigel  struck  him,  but  was  obliged  to 
seek  refuge  in  Alt<atia.  After  various 
adventures,  he  married  Margaret  Kamsay, 
the  watchmnker*s  daughter,  and  obtained 
the  title-deeds  of  his  estates. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  The  Fortunes  of  Nigel  (time,  James 
1.). 

OUm'pla,  the  wife  of  Bireno,  uncom- 
promising in  love,  and  relentless  in  hate. 
— ^Ariosto,  Orlando  Furioso  (1516). 

Olirn'pia,  a  proud  Roman  lady  of  high 
rank.  When  Rome  was  sacked  by  Bour- 
bon, she  flew  for  refuge  to  the  high  altar 
of  St.  Peter's,  where  she  clung  to  a  golden 
cross.  On  the  advance  of  certain  soldiers 
in  the  army  of  Bourbon  to  seize  her,  she 
cast  the  huge  cross  from  its  stand,  and  as 
it  fell  it  crushed  to  death  the  foremost 
soldier.  Others  then  attempted  to  seize 
her,  when  Arnold  dispersed  them  and 
rescued  the  lady ;  but  the  proud  beauty 
woiUd  not  allow  the  foe  of  her  country  to 
touch  her,  and  flung  herself  from  tiie  high 
altar  on  the  pavement.  Apparently  life- 
less, she  was  borne  off ;  but  whether  she 
recovered  or  not  we  are  not  informed,  as 
the  drama  was  never  finished. — Byron, 
The  Deformed  Transformed  (1821). 

Olindo,  the  lover  of  Sophronia.  Ala- 
dine  king  of  Jerusalem,  at  the  advice 
of  his  magicians,  stole  an  image  of  the 
Virgin,  and  set  it  up  as  a  palladium  in 
the  chief  mosque.  During  the  night  it  was 
carried  off,  and  the  king,  unable  to  dis- 
cover the  thief,  ordered  all  his  Christian 
subjects  to  be  put  to  death.  To  prevent 
this  massacre,  Sophronia  delivered  u|i  her- 


OLIPHANT. 


ro4 


OLIVIA, 


■elf  as  the  perpetrator  of  the  deed,  and 
Olindo,  heanng  thereof,  went  to  the  king 
and  declared  Sophronia  innocent,  as  he 
himself  had  stolen  the  image.  The  king 
commanded  both  to  be  put  to  death,  but 
by  the  intercession  of  Clorinda  they  were 
both  set  free. — Tasso,  Jerusalem  Delivered, 
ii.  (1676). 

Oliphant  or  OUyphant,  the  twin- 
brother  of  Argan'tS  the  giantess.  Their 
father  was  Typhisus,  and  their  mother 
Earth.— Spenser,  Faery  Queen^  iiL  7,  11 
(1690). 

Olive,  emblem  of  peace.  In  Greece 
and  Rome,  those  who  desired  peace  used 
to  carry  an  olive  branch  in  their  hand 
(see  Gen,  viii.  11). 

pMce  rfttli^  nadw  Imt  dttf,  and  rivrlnf  fite  dVB  9omm 

TiMuiyicm.  JTmmC.  L  L  •  (1860). 

Olive  Tree  (7i^),  emblem  of  Athens, 
in  memory  of  the  famous  dispute  between 
Minerva  (the  patron  goddess  of  Athens) 
and  Neptune.  Both  deities  wbhed  to 
found  a  city  on  the  same  spot;  and 
referring  the  matter  to  Jove,  the  king  of 
gods  and  men  decreed  that  the  privilege 
should  be  granted  to  whichever  would 
bestow  the  most  useful  gift  on  the  future 
inhabitants.  Neptune  struck  the  earth 
with  his  trident,  and  forth  came  a  war- 
horse  ;  Minerva  produced  an  olive  tree, 
emblem  of  peace ;  and  Jove  gave  the  ver- 
dict in  favour  of  Minerva. 

Oliver,  the  elder  son  of  sir  Rowland 
de  Boys  [i^tror],  left  in  charge  of  his 
younger  brother  Orlando,  whom  he  hated 
and  tried  indirectly  to  murder.  Orlando, 
finding  it  impossible  to  live  in  his 
brother^s  house,  fled  to  the  forest  of 
Arden,  where  he  joined  the  society  of 
the  banished  duke.  One  morning,  he 
saw  a  man  sleeping,  and  a  serpent  and 
lioness  bent  on  making  him  their  prey. 
He  slew  both  the  serpent  and  the  lioness, 
and  then  found  that  the  sleeper  was  his 
brother  Oliver.  01iver*s  disposition  from 
this  moment  underwent  a  complete 
change,  and  he  loved  his  brother  as  much 
as  he  had  before  hated  him.  In  the 
forest,  the  two  brothers  met  Rosalind 
'  and  C^lia.  The  former,  who  was  the 
daughter  of  the  banished  duke,  married 
Orlando ;  and  the  latter,  who  was  the 
daughter  of  the  usurping  duke,  married 
Oliver.— Shakespeare,  ^8  You  Like  It 
(1698). 

Oliver  and  Bowland,   the  two 


chief  paladins  of  Charlemagne.    Shake- 
speare makes  the  duke  of  Alen^on  say : 

FrobMit.  A  onantrjmMii  of  oan,  reootd^ 
Knghnd  aBOdm*  and  BovlMMb  bred 
Dwing  Um  Ubm  Edward  ibe  Thba  dtd  reiiB. 

1  Btmrf  r/.  aet  L  K.  t  (USi 

Oliver'' 8  Horse,  Ferrant  d'Espagne. 
0liver*8  Sword,  Haute-claire. 

Oliver  le  Dain  or  Oliver  le  DiabU, 
court  barber,  and  favourite  minister  of 
Louis  XI.  Introduced  by  sir  W.  Scott 
in  Quentin  Durward  and  A  tine  of  Geier^ 
8tein  (time,  Edward  lY.). 

Oliv'ia,  a  rich  countess,  whose  love 
was  sought  by  Orsino  duke  of  Illyriji ; 
but  having  lost  her  brother,  Olivia  lived 
for  a  time  in  entire  seclusion,  and  in  bo 
wise  reciprocated  the  duke*s  love;  in 
conseouence  of  which  Viola  nicknamed 
her  '*  Fair  Cruelty.**  Strange  as  it  may 
seem,  Olivia  fell  desperately  in  love  with 
Viola,  who  was  dressed  as  the  duke's 

maod  sent  her  a  ring.  Mistaking 
tian  ( VioU's  brother)  for  Viola,  she 
married  him  out  of  hand. — Shakespeare, 
Twelfth  Night  (1614). 

N«T«T  wen  Sh^etpean^f  votda  mora  Sndr  gKren  Uiaa 

Sr  Mi«  M-TrwlUttS-lSSSlin  tba  ipaach  to  "OUvia.''  b*. 
nning.  "  Make  me  a  willow  cabin  at  Uiy  pUa."— lUloaid 
(ISfl). 

Olivia,  a  female  Tartuffe  (2  svL),  and 
consummate  hypocrite  of  most  unulushing 
effronter>'. — Wycherly,  The  Plain  Dealer 
(1G77). 

The  due  de  Montausier  was  the  proto- 
type of  Wycheriy*8  "Mr.  Manly"  the 
"plain  dealer,**  and  of  Moli^*8  "Misan- 
thrope.** 

Olivia,  daughter  of  sir  James  Wood- 
yille,  left  in  charge  of  a  mercenary 
wretch,  who,  to  secure  to  himself  her 
fortune,  shut  her  up  in  a  convent  in  Paris. 
She  was  rescued  by  Leontine  Croaker, 
brought  to  England,  and  became  his 
bride.— Ooldsmiu,  The  Good-natured 
Man  (1768). 

Olivia,  the  tool  of  Ludovlco.  She 
loved  Vicentio,  but  Vicentio  was  plighted 
to  Evadne  sister  of  Colonna.  Ludovico 
induced  Evadne  to  substitute  the  king*8 
miniature  for  that  of  Vicentio,  which  she 
was  accustomed  to  wear.  Wlien  Vicentio 
returned,  and  found  Evadne  with  the 
king's  miniature,  he  believed  what  Ludo- 
vico had  told  him,  that  she  was  the 
king's  wanton,  and  he  cast  her  off.  Olivia 
repented  of  her  duplicity,  and  explained 
it  all  to  Vicentio,  whereby  a  reconcilia- 
tion took  place,  and  Vicentio  married 
his  troth-plighted   lady   "more    sinned 


OLIVIA. 


706 


OMAWHAWS. 


against  than  sinning." — Shiel,  Evadne  or 
The  Statve  (1820). 

Olivia^  "  the  rose  of  Aragon,"  was  the 
daughter  of  Ruphi'no,  a  peasant,  and 
bride  of  prince  Alonzo  of  Aragon.  ^  The 
king  refused  to  recognize  the  marriage, 
and,  sending  his  son  to  the  army,  com- 
pelled the  cortez  to  pass  an  act  of  divorce. 
This  brought  to  a  head  a  general  revolt. 
The  king  was  dethroned,  and  Almagro 
made  regent.  Almagro  tried  to  make 
Olivia  marry  him ;  oMered  her  father  to 
the  rack,  and  her  brother  to  death.  Mean- 
while the  prince  returned  at  the  head  of 
his  army,  made  himself  master  of  the  city, 
pat  down  the  revolt,  and  had  his  mar- 
riage duly  recognized.  Almagro  took 
poiaoB  and  died. — S.  Knowles,  The  Rose 
of  Aragon  (1842). 

Olivia  [Primrose],  the  elder  daugh- 
ter of  the  vicar  of  Wakefield.  She  was 
a  sort  of  Heb6  in  beauty,  open,  sprightly, 
and  commanding.  Olivia  Primrose 
*<  wished  for  man^  lovers,^  and  eloped 
with  squire  ThomhiU.  Her  father  went 
in  search  of  her,  and,  on  his  return  home- 
ward, stopped  at  a  roadside  inn,  call^ 
the  Harrow,  and  there  found  her  turned 
out  of  the  house  by  the  landlady.  It  was 
ultimately  discovered  that  she  was  lec^ally 
married  to  the  squire. — Goldsmith,  Viccur 
of  Wakefieid  (1765). 

Olivia  de  Zuniga,  daughter  of  don 
Caesar.  She  fixed  her  heart  on  having 
Julio  de  Melesaina  for  her  husband,  and 
so  behaved  to  all  other  suitor?  as  to  drive 
them  away.  Thus  to  don  Garcia,  she 
pretended  to  be  a  termagant ;  to  don 
Vincentio,  who  was  music  mad,  she  pro- 
fessed to  love  aJew*s-harp  above  every 
other  instrument.  At  last  «fulio  appeared, 
and  her  **bold  stroke'*  obtained  as  its 
reward  **the  husband  of  her  choice." — 
Mrs.  Cowley,  A  Bold  Strol^e  for  a  Hus- 
band (1782). 

Olla,  bard  of  Cairbar.  These  bards 
acted  as  heralds. — Ossian. 

OlOapod  {Comet),  at  the  Galen's 
Head.  An  eccentric  country  apothecary, 
*'  a  jumble  of  physic  and  shooting."  Dr. 
OUapod  is  very  fond  of  "  wit,"  and  when 
he  has  said  what  he  thinks  a  smart  thing, 
be  calU  attenUon  to  it,  with  **He!  he! 
he ! "  and  some  such  expression  as,  *^  Do 
you  take,  good  sir?  do  you  take?"  But 
when  anouier  says  a  smart  thing,  he 
titters,  and  cries,  ^  That's  well !  that's 
very  well !  Thank  you,  good  sir,  I  owe 
you  one !  **    He  ii  a  regmar  rattle ;  d^ 


tails  all  the  scandal  of  the  village ;  boasts 
of  his  achievements  or  misadventures ; 
is  very  mercenarv,  and  wholly  without 
principle.— G.  Colman,  The  Poor  Gentle- 
man (1802). 

*«f  This  character  is  evidently  a  copy 
of  Dibdin's  "doctor  Pother"  in  Ths 
Farmer's  Wife  (1780). 

Ollomand,  an  enchanter,  who  per- 
suaded Ahu'bal,  the  rebellious  brother  of 
Misnar  sultan  of  Delhi,  to  try  by  bribery 
to  corrupt  the  troops  of  the  sultan.  By 
an  unlimited  supply  of  gold,  he  soon 
made  himself  master  of  the  southern  pro- 
vinces, and  Misnar  marched  to  give  nim 
battle.  Ollomand,  with  6000  men,  went 
in  advance  and  concealed  his  companv  in 
a  forest ;  but  Misnar,  apprized  tiiereo^  by 
spies,  set  fire  to  the  forest,  and  Ollo- 
mand was  shot  by  the  discharge  of  his 
own  cannons,  fired  spontaneously  by  the 
flames :  **  For  enchantment  has  no  power 
except  over  those  who  are  first  deceived 
by  the  enchanter."— Sir  C.  Morell  [J. 
Ridley],  Tales  of  the  Genii  (**The  En- 
chanters Tale,"  vi.,  1751). 

Olof  {8ir),  a  bridegroom  who  rode 
late  to  collect  guests  to  his  wedding.  On 
his  ride,  the  dau^ter  of  the  erl  king 
met  him,  and  invited  him  to  danoe  a 
measure,  but  sir  Olof  declined.  She  then 
offered  him  a  pair  of  gold  spurs,  a  silk 
doublet,  and  a  heap  of  gold,  if  he  would 
dance  with  her ;  and  when  he  refused  to 
do  so,  she  struck  him  ''with  an  elf- 
stroke."  On  the  morrow,  when  all  Uie 
bridal  party  was  assembled,  sir  Olof  was 
found  dead  in  a  wood. — A  Ikuush  Legend 
(Herder). 

Olympia,  countess  of  Holland  and 
wife  of  Bire'no.  Being  deserted  by 
Bireno,  she  was  bound  naked  to  a  rock  by 
pirates,  but  was  delivered  by  Orlando, 
who  took  her  to  Ireland,  where  she  mar- 
ried king  Oberto  (bks.  iv.,  v.).— Ariosto, 
Orlando  Fiwioso  (1516). 

Olym'pia,  sister  to  the  great-duke  of 
Muscovia. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The 
Loyal  Subject  (1618). 

Olympus,  of  Greece,  was  on  the 
confines  of  Macedonia  and  Thessaly. 
Here  the  court  of  Jupiter  was  held. 

Olympus,  in  the  dominions  of  Prester 
John,  was  "three  days'  journey  from 
paradise."  This  Olympus  is  a  corrupt 
form  of  Alumbo,  the  same  as  Columbo, 
in  Ceylon. 

Oma^rhawB  \^0m' .a.waws']  or  Om'- 

%  z 


OMBREUA. 


706    ORACLE  OF  THE  HOLT  BOTTLE. 


ahas,  Ml  iDdum  tribe  at  Dacoto  (United 
State*). 


O  chkf  of  «•  Mikity  OmwlMws  I 

lontftfliwr.  r*  tk9  Dri9h^  Clam*. 

Ombrelia,  the  rival  of  Smilinda  for 
the  love  of  Sharper;  ** strong  as  tiie 
footman,  as  the  master  sweet.** — Pope, 
Eclogues  (*'  The  Basset  Table,*'  1716). 

One  Side.  AU  <m  one  »de^  like  the 
Bridgenorth  election,  Bridgenorth  was  a 
pocket  borough  in  tiie  hands  of  the  Apley 
family. 

One  Thing  at  a  Time.  This  was 
De  Witt*s  great  maxim. 

Tbe  funous  De  Wht.  being  naked  how  be  wm  able  to 
deepntch  thot  nrafUtude  of  nfUn  fat  wtiich  be  wai  en- 


O^eal  {Shan),  leader  of  the  Irish 
insurgents  in  1567.  Shan  0*Neal  was 
notorioos  for  profligacy. 

Onei'aa  (3  «v'.),  danghter  of  Moath 
a  well-to^o  Bedouin,  in  love  with 
ThaFalia  "  the  destroyer "  of  sor- 
cerers. Thalaba,  being  raised  to  the  office 
of  vizier,  married  Oneiza,  but  she  di^d 
on  the  bridal  night.— SouUiey,  ThakAa 
the  Destroyer,  ii.,  viL  (1797). 

Oneyda  Warrior  (The),  Outalissi 
(^.w.).— -Campbell,  Gertrude  of  Wyoming 
(1809). 

Only  (The),  Johann  Paul  Friedrich 
Richter,  called  by  the  Gei-nians  Der  Ein- 
zif/e,  from  the  unique  character  of  his 
writings. 

Not  without  NMon  hare  hb  pMMCpieti  nained  blm 
Jven  Paul  der  Blnxige.  "Jean  Paiil  tbe  Only."  ...  for 
mmiy.  In  Uie  whole  Hrde  of  Utentufe.  wo  look  In  nim 
for  bU  pMmllel.— Cnrijrle. 

*f*  The  Italians  call  Bernardo  Accolti, 
an  Italian  poet  of  the  sixteenth  century, 
**  Aretino  the  Only  "  or  //  Unico  Aretino, 

Open,  Ses'ame  (3  syl.) !  the  magic 
words  which  caused  the  cave  door  of  Uie 
*'  forty  thieves'*  to  open  of  itself.  *'  Shut, 
Scsamd !  '*  were  the  words  which  caused  it 
to  shut.  Sesam^  is  a  grain,  and  hence 
Casitiin,  when  he  forgot  the  word,  cried, 
"Open,  \Vheat!**  "Open.  Ryel"  "0|)en, 
Bnriey  !  '*  but  the  door  obeyed  no  sound 
but  "Open,  Sesamg!** — Arabian  Nu/hts 
("  Ali  Baba  or  the  Forty  achieves "). 

Opoulus  »  bandkercblct  la  which  be  bad  a  mmple  oT 
MMUu4.  be  itiowed  It  me.  and  Inquired  how  much  a  Ur^e 
measure  of  the  grain  wum  worth.  ...  1  toU  Mm  that, 
acrurding  to  the  prewut  price.  It  wonld  be  wurth  oue 
hundred  drachma  of  ■liver.— ^ mUon  Jfighu  ("The 
Christian  Merchant^  Story  "). 

Ophelia,  the  ycunis^,  beautiful,  and 

fiious  daughter  of  Polo'nius  lord  chamber- 
ain  to  the  king  of  Denmark.    Hamlet 


fell  in  love  with  her,  but,  finding  marria^ 
inconsistent  with  his  views  of  vengeance 
against  "  his  murderous,  adulterous,  and 
usurping  uncle,**  he  affected  madness ; 
and  Ophelia  was  so  wrought  upon  by  his 
strange  behaviour  to  her,  that  her  intellect 

Save  way.  In  an  attempt  to  gather 
owers  from  a  brook,  the  branch  of  a  ^«« 
she  was  holding  snapped,  and,  falling; 
into  the  water,  she  was  drowned. — Shake- 
speare, Hamlet  (1.596). 

Tate  Wilkinson,  speaking  of  Mr^. 
abber  (Dr.  Ame*s  daughter,  1710-176r>), 
says:  "Her  features,  figure,  and  singing, 
made  her  the  best  *  Ophelia*  that  ever 
appeared  either  before  or  since.** 

Ophiuchus  [Of.i,u'.kHs^,  the  con- 
stellation Serpentarius.  Ophiuchus  is  a 
man  who  holds  a  serpent  (Greek,  opAw) 
in  his  hands.  Hie  constellation  is  situated 
to  the  south  of  Herculis ;  and  the  prin- 
cipal star,  called  "Ras  Alhague^**  is  in 
the  man's  head.  (Eos  Alha^  is  from 
the  Arabic,  rds-a/-Aatnrd,  "  Uie  serpent- 
charmer's  head.*') 

Satan  stood 
UotcrrHled.  and  like  a  amrnt  bamed. 
That  ttm  tbe  leugth  of  Ophlachm  huga 
In  the  Arctic  skjr. 

Milton.  Faradim  Utt,  IL  708.  ete.  (ISK). 

Ophiu'sa,  island  of  serpents  near 
Crete ;  called  by  the  Romans  Colubra'ria, 
The  inhabitants  were  obliged  to  quit  it, 
because  the  snakes  were  so  abundant. 
Milton  refers  to  it  in  Paradise  Lost,  x. 
628  (1665). 

Opium-Eater  (  The  English),  Thomas 
de  Quincey,  who  published  Confessions  of 
an  English  Opium-Eater  (1845). 

O.  P.  Q.,  Robert  Merry  (1756-1798) ; 
object  of  Gifford's  satire  in  the  Baviad 
and  Mcniad,  and  of  Byron's  in  his  English 
Bards  and  Scotch  Reviewers,  He  married 
Miss  Bnmton,  the  actress. 


And  Meny^  met^ihon  a^ 
Chained  to  Uie  signature  o/ O.  P.  Q. 
Sgrron,  UnglWk  Bard*  and  Scatok  lUtUmrt  (1800). 

Ora.cle  ( To  Work  the),  to  raise  money 
by  some  dodj^.  The  "Oracle**  was  a 
factory  established  at  Reading,  by  John 
Kendrick,  in  1624.  It  was  designed  for 
returned  convicts,  and  any  one  out  of 
employment.  So  when  a  workman  "  had 
no  work  to  do,**  he  wonld  say,  "  I  must 
go  and  work  the  Oracle,**  i,e»  1  must  go  to 
Sie  Oracle  for  work. 

Oracle  of  the  Churoh  (The),  St. 
Bernard  (1091-1163). 

Orade  of  the  HolyBottle  (The), 
an  oracle  sought  for  by  Rabelais,  to  solvt 


ORACLE  OF  THE  SIEVE,  ETC.     707 


OREADES. 


the  knotty  point  "whether  Panurge  (2 
syl.)  should  manpr  or  not."  The  question 
had  been  put  to  sibyl  and  poet,  monk  and 
fool,  philosopher  and  witch,  but  none 
could  answer  it.  The  oracle  was  ultimately 
found  in  Lantern-land. 

This,  of  coarse,  is  a  satire  on  the 
celibacy  of  the  clergy  and  the  withhold- 
ing of  the  cup  from  the  laity.  Shall  the 
clergy  marry  or  not  ? — ^that  was  the  moot 
point ;  and  the  *'  Bottle  of  Tent  Wine," 
or  the  clergy,  who  kept  the  bottle  to  them- 
selves, alone  could  solve  it.  The  oracle 
and  priestess  of  the  bottle  were  both  called 
Bacbuc  (Hebrewfor  *' bottle").— Rabelais, 
PatUa^ruel^  iv.,  v.  (1545). 

Oracle  of  the  Sieve  and  Shears 
(  TV),  a  method  of  divination  known  to 
the  Greeks.  The  modus  operandi  in  the 
Middle  Ages  was  as  follows: — ^The  points 
of  a  pair  of  shears  were  stuck  in  the  rim 
of  a  sieve,  and  two  persons  supported  the 
shears  with  their  finger-tips.  A  verse  of 
the  Bible  was  then  read  aloud,  and  while 
the  names  of  persons  suspected  were  called 
over,  the  sieve  was  supposed  to  turn  when 
the  right  name  was  suggested.  (See  Key 
AND  Bible,  p.  509.) 

Snrdiiagfor  thli^  lost  vlUi  a  ibv*  Mid  diMn.— Bmi 
Jonson.  AlehamUt,  L  1  (ISIO). 

Orade  of  Truth,  the  magnet. 

Aad  bjr  tbe  oniele  of  troth  bdow. 
Ihe  vondroM  mafiMt.  waUm  the  wafvard  prow. 
FUeotMr.  Tht  BMpmrtdt,  VL  9  (178S). 

Orange  {Prmoe  of)^  a  title  giTen  to 
the  heir-apparent  of  the  kin^  of  Holland. 
**  Orange "  is  a  petty  principality  in  the 
territory  of  Avignon,  in  the  possession  of 
the  Nassau  Ibunily. 

Orania,  the  lady-love  of  Am'adis  of 
Gaul. — Lobeira,  Amadis  of  OatU  (four- 
teenth century). 

Orator  Henley,  the  Rev.  John 
Henley,  who  for  about  thirty  years  de- 
livered lectures  on  theological,  political, 
and  Uterary  subjects  (1692-1756). 

*«*  Hogarth  has  introduced  him  into 
several  of  his  pictures ;  and  Pope  says  of 
him: 

loMiraaBd  with  aathr*  bfonv,  lo  I  Honlejr  itand*, 
TtaUnf  hla  voio*.  and  bolandus  hU  hand*. 
How  Soent  noiiMnM  trldUu  from  his  toogael 
Bow  swoet  th«  pmtoda,  ndther  iwid  nor  nng  I  .  .  . 
Oh,  gtmt  i«Mor«r  of  the  vood  old  ttasp, 
Prairhtr  at  oiiee  and  tanjr  of  thx  •gal 
Oh.  worthjr  thou  of  KSTp^'i  wiao  abodM ; 
A  dMHit  prtait  whore  iQonkef*  were  the  godsl 

Th«  Ihinetad,  Ui.  IW.  etc  (1743). 

Orator  Hunt,  the  great  demagogue 
in  the  time  of  the  Wellington  and  reel 
administration.  Henry  Hunt,  M.P.,  used 
to  wear  a  grey  hat,  and  these  hats  were 


for  the  time  a  badge  of  democratic  prin- 
ciples, and  caUed  ^*  radical  haU"  (1773- 
1835). 

Orbanetja,  the  painter  of  Ube'da,  who 
painted  so  preposterously  that  he  inscribed 
under  his  objects  what  he  meant  them 
for. 

0rfaan«)a  would  paint  a  eodc  m  wretchedjy  dedgaed. 
that  be  waiobliced  to  luKrihe  nnder  It.  •*lhk  te  a  ooefc." 
— Cerrantes,  Dtn  Quixota.  IL  L  S  (1S19). 

OrblHus,  the  schoolmaster  who  taught 
Horace.  Thepoet  calls  him  '^  the  flogger  ** 
(plagosus), — £p,^  ii.  71. 

\*  The  OrbUian  Stick  is  a  birch  rod 
or  cane. 

Ordeal  (A  Fiery),  a  sharp  trial  or 
test.  In  England  there  were  anciently 
two  ordeals — one  of  water  and  the  other 
of  fire.  The  water  ordeal  was  for  the 
laity,  and  the  flre  ordeal  for  the  nobility. 
If  a  noble  was  accused  of  a  crime,  he  or 
his  deputy  was  tried  hyr  ordeal  thus :  He 
had  either  to  hold  in  his  hand  a  piece  of 
red-hot  iron,  or  had  to  walk  blindfold  and 
barefoot  over  nine  red-hot  ploughshares 
laid  lengthwise  at  unequal  distances.  If 
he  passed  the  ordeal  unhurt,  he  was  de- 
clared innocent ;  if  not,  he  was  accounted 
guilty.  This  method  of  punishment  arose 
m>m  the  notion  that  **  God  would  defend 
the  right,"  even  by  miracle,  if  needs  be. 

Ordigale,  the  otter,  in  the  beast-epic 
of  Heynard  the  Fox,  i.  (1498). 

Ordovi'oes  (4  ly/.),  people  of  Ordo- 
vicia,  that  is,  Flintshire,  Denbighshire, 
Merionethshire,  Montgomeryshire,  Car- 
narvonshire, and  Anglesey.  (In  Latin 
the  t  is  short :  Ordovlces,) 

The  Onknicei  now  whkh  North  Wale*  people  he. 
Drajrton,  PolwoMon,  xrC  (161S). 

Or'dovies  (8  syL),  the  inhabitants  of 
North  Wales.  (In  Latin  North  Wales  is 
called  Ordovic'ia.) 

Beneath  bit  [AgHoofa't]  fatal  iword  the  Ordoviee  to  ML 
(Inhabittng  the  wert).  thuae  people  but  ofaU 
.  .  .  wtthalood. 

Dnvton,  Pot^bUm.  vUl.  a<l>K 

Or'ead  (8  syt.),  a  mountain-nymnh. 
Tennyson  calls  "  Maud  *'  an  oread,  be- 
cause her  hall  and  garden  were  on  a  hill. 

I  lea  ngr  Oreid  oomlng  down. 

Maud,  L  xtL  1  (ISBB). 

OreSd,    Echo  is  so  called. 

Ore'ades  (4  syL)  or  O'reads  (8  syl.), 

mountain-nymphs. 

Te  Canbrisn  iVtUk]  Bhepherds  then,  whom  theaa  oar 

mountoiiu  pleaae. 
And  )re  our  faUffW^uympha.  jre  Hcfat  OraS<Ma. 

Drajrlon.  Polyo'.bion,  Ix.  (181S). 


OREUO. 


708 


ORIANA. 


Orel'io.  the  favourite  hone  of  king 
Roderick  the  iMt  of  the  Goths. 

*TwMOnIlo 
On  whkii  b*  roda.  Bodcrick'i  own  battto-borM^ 
Who  firom  hit  iiMirtf^i  band  bad  woot  to  facd. 
And  with  aglad  doflUltjr  obigr 
Hk  Tok*  CunOlar. 

SoottMjr.  ttoOartek.  «(«..  nr.  (1814> 

Ores'teB  (3  syl.J.  son  of  Agamemnon^ 
betrothed  to  Hermi'0116  (4  syK)  daughter 
of  Menala'os  (4  syl,)  king  of  Sparta.  At 
the  downfall  of  Troy,  MenaUos  promised 
HennionS  in  marriage  to  Pyrrnos  king 
of  Epiros,  but  Pyrrhos  fell  m  love  with 
Androm'acbg  the  widow  of  Hector,  and 
his  captive.  An  embassy,  led  by  Orestes, 
was  sent  to  Epiros,  to  demand  that  the 
son  of  Andromache  should  be  put  to 
death,  lest  as  he  grew  up  he  might  seek 
to  avenge  his  father*8  death.  Pyrrhos 
refused  to  comply.  In  this  embassage, 
Orest^  met  Hermiond  Again,  and  found 
her  pride  and  jealousy  aroused  to  fury  by 
the  slight  offered  her.  She  goaded  Onstea 
to  avenge  her  insults,  and  the  ambassadors 
fell  on  Pyrrhos  and  murdered  him.  Her- 
miond-  when  she  saw  the  dead  body  of 
the  king  borne  along,  stabbed  herself, 
and  Orest^  went  raving  mad. — Ambrose 
Philips,  The  Diatresacd  Motfter  (1712). 

AD  tha  parti  la  which  I  tmr  mm  [  W.  C.  Mamrmadgl 
■Kb  a«  "  OmtM,"  "  Mlrandola."  "  WUUam  TeU."  "  Rob 
Rojr,"  and  **  Claude  Meluotta."  ha  oarUlnljr  bad  made  bli 
ofvn.— Rer.  P.  Youns.  Uf«  ^  C.  M.  Yvmmg. 

Orfeo  and  Heuro'dis,  the  tale  of 
Orpheus  and  £ur}'dlce,  with  the  Gothic 
machinery  of  elves  and  fairies. 

♦^*  GlUck  has  an  opera  called  Orfeo ; 
the  libretto,  by  Calzabigi,  based  on  a  dra- 
matic piece  by  Poliziano  (1764). 

Orgari'ta,  "the  orphan  of  the  Frozen 
Sea,"  heroine  of  a  drama.  (See 
Maiitha.)— Stirling,  The  Orphan  of  the 
Frozen  Sea  (1866). 

Or'eilus,  the  betrothed  lover  of 
Penthe'a,  by  the  consent  of  her  father; 
but  at  the  death  of  her  father,  her  brother 
Ith'ocl^s  compelled  her  to  marry  Bass'ands, 
whom  she  hated.  Ithocl^  was  about  to 
marry  the  princess  of  Sparta,  but  a  little 
before  the  event  w  as  to  take  place,  Pen- 
thea  starved  herself  to  death,  and  Orgilus 
was  condemned  to  death  for  murdering 
Ithoclds.— John  Ford,  The  Broken  Heart 
(1633). 

Orgoglio  [Or.^o/ff'.yo],  a  hideous 
giant,  as  tall  as  three  men,  son  of  Earth 
and  Wind.  Finding  the  •  Red  Cross 
Knight  at  the  fountain  of  Idleness,  he 
beats  him  with  a  club,  and  makes  him 
his  slave.  Una  informs  Arthur  of  it,  and 
Arthur  liberates  the  knight  and  slays  the 


giant  {Rev,  xiii.  5,  7,  with  Dan,  vii.  21, 
22).— Spenser,  Fagry  Queen,  L  (1590). 

•»•  Arthur  first  cut  off  Org  Jglio's  left 
arm,  i,e,  Itohemia  was  cut  off  first  from 
the  Church  of  Rome  ;  then  he  cut  off  the 
giant's  right  leg,  i,e,  England. 

Orffon,  brother-in-law  of  Tartuffe 
(2  syt.).  His  credulity  and  faitli  in 
Tartu  ffe,  like  thttt  of  his  mother,  can 
scarcely  be  shaken  even  by  the  evidence 
of  his  senses.  He  hopes  against  hope, 
and  fights  every  inch  of  ground  in  defence 
of  the  religious  hypocrite. — Moli^re, 
Ibrtuffe  (1664). 

Oria'na,  daughter  of  Usnarte  king 
of  England,  and  spouse  of  Am'adis  ot 
Gaul  (bk.  ii.  6).  The  general  plot  of  this 
series  of  romance  bears  on  this  marriage, 
and  tells  of  ihe  thousand  and  one  obstacles 
from  rivals,  giants,  sorcerers,  and  so  on, 
which  had  to  be  overcome  before  the 
consummation  could  be  effected.  It  is 
in  this  unity  of  plot  that  the  Amadis 
series  differs  from  its  predecessors — the 
Arthurian  romances,  and  those  of  the 
paladins  of  Charlemagne,  which  are 
detached  adventures,  each  complete  in 
itself,  and  not  bearing  to  any  common 
focus. — Amadia  de  Gaul  (fourteenth  cen- 
tury). 

\*  Queen  Elizabeth  is  caUed  "the 
peerless  Oriana,"'  especially  in  the  ma- 
drigals entitled  The  Triumphs  of  Oriana 
(1601).  Ben  Jonson  applies  the  name  to 
the  queen  of  James  I.  (Oriens  Anna), 

Oriafna^  the  nursling  of  a  lioness,  with 
whom  Esplandian  fell  in  love,  and  for 
whom  he  underwent  all  his  perils  and 
exoloits.  She  was  Uie  gentlest,  fairest, 
ana  most  faithful  of  her  sex. — Lobeira, 
Amadia  of  Gaul  (fourteenth  century). 

Orian'ay  the  fair,  brilliant,  and  wiUr 
"chaser*'  of  the  "wild  goose**  Mirabel, 
to  whom  she  is  betrothed,  and  whose  wife 
she  ultimately  becomes. — Beaumont  aiid 
Fletcher,  The  Wiid^oose  Chase  (1G62). 

Orian'a,  the  ward  of  old  Mirabel,  and 
bound  by  contract  to  her  guardian's  son 
whom  she  loves;  but  young  Mirabel 
shilly-shallies,  till  he  gets  into  trouble 
with  Lamorce  (2  syi.),  and  is  in  danger 
of  being  murdered,  when  Oriana,  dressed 
as  a  page,  rescues  him.  He  then  declares 
that  his  "  inconstancv  has  had  a  lesson,** 
and  he  marries  the  lady. — G.  Farquhar, 
The  Inconstant  (1702). 

Orian'a,  in  Tennyson's  ballad  so  called, 
"stood  on  the  cafttlc  wall,'*  to  see  her 
spouse,  a  Norland  chief,  fight.    A  foe- 


ORIANDE. 


700 


ORION. 


man  went  between  "the  chief  and  the 
wall,"  and  diicharged  an  arrow,  which, 
glancing  aside,  pierced  the  lady's  heart 
and  killed  her.  The  ballad  is  the  lamen- 
tation of  the  spoaso  on  the  death  of  his 
bride  (1830). 

O'riande  (3  <y/.),  a  fay  who  lived 
at  Roeeflear,  and  brought  up  Mangis 
d'Aygremont.  When  her  prot^  grew 
np,  she  loved  him,  *'  d*an  ti  grand  amonr, 

3a*elle   donte   fort  ouMl  ne  se  departe 
.^aveoqaet   elle.** — Jumumce   de  Jfaugis 
dTAygremomt  et  de  Viwm  mm  Frire, 

O'riel,  a  fairy,  whose  empire  lay  along 
the  banks  of  tiie  Thames,  when  king 
Oberon  held  his  court  in  Kensington 
Gardens. — Tickell,  Kensington  Gardens 
(1686-1740). 

Oriilamme,  the  banner  of  St. 
Denis.  When  the  counts  of  Vexin  be- 
came possessed  of  the  abbey,  the  banner 
passed  into  their  hands,  and  when,  in 
1082,  Philippe  I.  united  Vexin  to  the 
crown,  the  oriflamme  or  sacred  banner 
belonged  to  the  king.  In  1119  it  was 
first  used  as  a  national  banner.  It  con- 
sists of  a  crimson  silk  flag,  mounted  on  a 
gilt  staff  (»n  glaive  tout  chr^ou  est  atachi^ 
une  baniere  vermeiUe),  The  loose  end  is 
cut  into  three  wavy  Vandykes,  to  represent 
tongues  of  flame,  and  a  ulk  tassel  is  hung 
at  each  cleft.  In  war,  the  display  of  this 
standard  indicates  that  no  quarter  will  be 
given.  The  English  standard  of  no 
quarter  was  the  "  burning  dragon." 

Raoul  de  Presle  says  it  was  used  in  the 
time  of  Charlemagne,  being  the  gift  of 
the  patriarch  of  Jerusalem.  We  are  told 
that  all  infidels  were  blinded  who  looked 
on  it.  Froissart  says  it  was  displayed 
at  the  battle  of  Rosbecq,  in  tiie  reign  of 
Charles  YI.,  and  **  no  sooner  was  it  un- 
furled, than  the  fog  cleared  away,  and 
the  sun  shone  on  the  French  alone." 

I  kara  Dot  mrad  tiM  OriflMBBM  of  dMtk. 
.     .  nMitbebovea 
To  afta%  tht  lUIen  foe. 

Soolhir.  ^wm  (^Arc  tU.  Ml.  sle.  (ISST). 

Origilla,  the  lady-love  of  Gryphon 
brother  of  Aquilant :  but  the  faithless  fair 
one  took  up  with  Mart&no,  a  most  im- 
pudent boaster  and  a  cowanl.  Being  at 
Damascus  during  a  tournament  in  which 
Gryphon  was  the  victor,  Martano  stole 
the  armour  of  Gryphon,  arrayed  himself 
in  it,  took  the  prizes,  and  then  decamped 
with  the  lady.  Aquilant  happened  to  see 
them,  bound  them,  and  took  them  back 
to  Damascus,  where  Martano  was  hanged, 
and  the  lady  kept  in  bondage  for  the 


judgment  of  Luclna. — Ariosto,   Orlando 
Furioso  (1616). 

Orillo,  a  magician  and  robber,  who 
lived  at  the  mouu  of  the  Nile.  He  was 
the  son  of  an  imp  and  fairy.  When  any 
one  of  his  limbs  was  lopped' off,  be  had  the 
power  of  restoring  it ;  and  when  his  he>ui 
was  cut  off,  he  could  take  it  up  and 
replace  it.  When  Astolpho  encountered 
this  ma^cian,  he  was  informed  that  his 
life  lay  in  one  particular  hair ;  so  instead 
of  seeking  to  maim  his  adversary.  As- 
tolpho cut  off  the  magic  hair,  and  the 
magician  fell  lifeless  at  his  feet. — Ariosto, 
Orhndo  fWioso  (1616). 

Orinda  **the  incomparable,"  Mrs. 
Katherine  Philippe,  who  lived  in  the 
reign  of  Charles  II.  and  died  of  small- 
pox. 

*^*  Her  praises  were  sung  by  Cowley, 
Dryden,  ana  others. 

Wa  alloirad  jroa  bvMitjr.  and  w*  did  aubtnlt  .  .  . 
Ah.  cruel  aex.  wU  yoe  dapoie  w  too  la  wttt 
Orinda  does  in  thet  too  nisn. 

Ctowler.  On  Ortndtf»  Foemt  (1SI7). 

tyrio\e{^sgl.).  The  "Baltimore  bird" 
is  often  so  called  in  America ;  but  the 
oriole  is  of  the  thrush  family,  Mid  the 
Baltimore  bird  is  a  starling.  Its  nest  is 
a  pendulous  cylindrical  pouch,  some  six 
inches  long,  usually  suspended  from  two 
twigs  at  the  extremity  of  a  branch,  and 
therefore  liable  to  swing  backwards  and 
forwards  by  the  force  of  Uie  wind.  II  ence 
Longfellow  compares  a  child's  swing  to 
an  orioIe*s  nest. 


«f 


.  .  .  like  an  orlole^i  i 
the  buigitinf  liinlk  tutre  taken  wiag ; 
abaadooed  Bangs  thy  vacant  iwing. 

LongieUow,  To  a  CMId, 


Ori'on^  a  giant  of  great  beauty,  and 
a  famoushunter,  who  cleared  the  island 
of  Chios  of  wild  beasts.  While  in  the 
bland,  Orion  fell  in  love  with  MerOpd, 
daughter  of  king  CEnop'ion ;  but  one  day, 
in  a  drunken  fit,  having  offered  her 
violence,  the  king  put  out  we  giant*s  eyes 
and  drove  him  nom  the  island.  Orion 
WAS  told  if  he  would  travel  eastwards, 
and  expose  his  sockets  to  the  rising  sun, 
he  woiild  recover  his  sight.  Guided  by 
the  sound  of  a  Cyclops*  hammer,  he 
reached  Lemnos.  where  Vulcan  gave  him 
a  guide  to  the  abode  of  the  sun.  In  due 
time,  his  sight  returned  to  him,  and  at 
death  he  was  made  a  constellation.  The 
lion's  skin  was  an  emblem  of  the  wild 
beasts  which  he  slew  in  Chios,  and  the 
club  was  the  instrument  he  employed  for 
the  purpose. 


ORION. 


710 


ORLANDO  FURIOSO. 


HefOriMt] 
R«elad  m  of  jrora  beaide  the  ma. 

When.  bljDded  by  (Eno|rfon. 
He  aoocbt  the  bhuaumith  at  bh  force. 
And.  dlmbing  up  the  moontaio  floiwe, 
Plxed  hh  Mank  ejretupon  the  sun. 

Loagfelloir,  The  OeeuUatfon  ^  Orion. 

Orion  and  the  Blacksmith,  The  refer- 
ence b  to  the  blacksmith  mentioned  in 
the  preceding  article,  whom  Orion  took 
on  hu  luick  to  act  as  ^ide  to  the  place 
where  the  rising  sun  might  be  best  seen. 

Orion's  Dogs  were  Arctophdnas  ("the 
bear-killer")  and  Ptoophagos  ("the 
glutton  of  Ptoon."  in  BceOtia). 

Orion's  Wife,  Sid^ 

Orfon.  After  Orion  has  set  in  the 
west,  Auriga  (the  CSiarioteer)  and  Gem'ini 
(Castor  and  Pollux)  are  still  visible. 
Hence  Tennyson  says: 

.  .  .  the  Charioteer 
And  starry  Gemini  hana  like  gkwloai  cromM 
Over  Orloa's  gimve  knr  down  fii  the 


Maud,  HL  vi.  1  0800). 

Orison,  a  seraph,  the  guardian  anarel  of 
Simon  Peter.— Rlopstock,  The  Messiah, 
Ui.  (1748).  * 

Orith'jria  or  Orith'ya,  daughter  of 
Krectheus,  carried  off  by  Boreas  to 
Thrace. 

Aich  dalUauee  as  alone  the  North  wfnd  hath  with  her, 
OrlUira  not  enjoyed,  from  [/  to]  Thnioe  when  he  her  took. 
And  la  bis  saUy  ithmiee  Uie  trenbUng  rirgln  diook. 

Dtaytoo,  i^MrklMott,  a.  USIS). 

Phineas  Fletcher  calls  the  word 
"  Orithy'a." 

2'*l!^'^5».'**  «n>hyn  from  cold  Kanuf  moatii. 
Nor  Orltha7<k  torei's  violence  [ /forth  windl 

Purpla  Wand,  I  (1633). 

Orlando,  the  younger  son  of  sir 
Rowland  de  Boys  [Btcor],  At  the  death 
of  his  father,  he  was  left  under  the  care 
of  his  elder  brother  Oliver,  who  was 
charged  to  treat  him  well ;  but  Oliver 
hated  him,  wholly  neglected  his  educa- 
tion, and  even  tried  by  manv  indirect 
means  to  kill  him.  At  length,  OrUndo 
fled  to  the  forest  of  Arden',  where  he  met 
Rosalind  and  CJelia  in  disguise.  They 
had  met  before  at  a  wrestling  match, 
when  Orlando  and  Rosalind  fell  in  love 
with  each  other.  The  acquaintance  was 
renewed  in  the  forest,  and  ere  manv  days 
had  passed  the  two  ladies  resumed  their 
proper  characters,  and  both  were  married, 
Rosalind  to  Orlando,  and  Celia  to  Oliver 
the  elder  brother.— Shakespeare,  As  You 
Like  It  (1698). 

Orlando  (in  French  Roland,  q,v,),  one 
ot  the  paladins  of  Charlemagne,  whose 
nephew  he  was.  Orlando  was  confiding 
and  loyal,  of  great  stature,  and  possessed 
unusual  strength.     He  accompanied  his 


uncle  into  Spain,  but  on  his  return  waa 
waylaid  in  the  valley  of  Roncesvall^s  (in 
the  Pyrenees)  by  the  traitor  Ganelon,  and 
perished  with  all  his  army,  a.d.  778. 
His  adventures  are  related  in  Turpin's 
Chronique;  in  the  Cha$tson  de  Bofand, 
attributed  to  Th^roulde.  He  is  the  hero 
of  liojardo's  epic,  Orlando  Innamorato; 
and  of  Ariosto*s  continuation,  called  Or- 
lando Furioso  ("Orlando  mad").  Robert 
Greene,  in  1694,  produced  a  drama  which 
he  called  The  History  of  Orlando.  Rhode's 
farce  of  Bombastes  Furioso  (17.%)  is  a 
burlesque  of  Ariosto*s  Orlando  Furioso, 

Orlando's  Ivory  Horn,  Olifant,  once  the 
property  of  Alexander  the  Great.  Its 
brav  could  be  heard  for  twenty  miles. 

Orlando's  Horse,  BriglUdoro  ("golden 
bridle  "), 

Orlando's  Sword,  Dnrinda'na  or  Doran- 
dana,  which  once  belonged  to  Hector,  b 
"  preserved  at  Rocamadour,  in  France ; 
and  his  spear  is  still  shown  in  the  cathe- 
dral of  Pa'via,  in  Italy." 

Orlando  wm  of  mlddlhis  etatnra.  hnwd-ehoaMmd. 
crooked-lesBed.  brown-TiMced.  red-beaided.  and  bed 
much  hair  <mi  hb  body.  He  talked  but  litUe.  and  bad  a 
jrery  Mrlr  aspect,  althoogh  he  was  Mrfeetly  food. 
huttioured.-CerTante^  Don  Quixote,  U.  I.  1  (1615). 

Orlando's  Vulnerable  Part,  Orhmdowas 
invulnerable  except  in  the  sole  of  his 
foot,  and  even  there  nothing  could  wound 
him  but  the  point  of  a  large  pin  ;  so  that 
when  Bernardo  del  Oupio  assailed  him 
at  Roncesvall^s,  he  took  him  in  his  arms 
and  squeezed  him  to  death,  in  imitation 
of  Hercul^  who  squeezed  to  death  the 
giant  Antw'us  (3  Si^/.).— Cervantes,  Don 
Quixote,  II.  u.  18  (1616). 

Orlajido  Furioso,  a  continuation 
of  Bojardo*s  story,  with  the  same  hero. 
Bojardo  leaves  Orlando  in  love  with 
Angelica,  whom  he  fetched  from  Cathay 
and  brought  to  Paris.  Here,  says  Ariosto, 
Rinaldo  fell  in  love  with  her,  and,  to 
prevent  mischief,  ttie  king  placed  the 
coquette  under  the  charge  of  Namus ;  but 
she  contrived  to  escape  her  keeper,  and 
fled  to  the  island  of  Eboda,  where  Rogero 
found  her  exposed  to  a  sea-monster,  and 
liberated  her.  In  the  mean  time,  Orlando 
went  in  search  of  his  lady,  was  decoyed 
into  the  enchanted  castle  of  Atlantis,  but 
was  liberated  by  Angelica,  who  again  suc- 
ceeded in  effecting  her  escape  to  Paris. 
Here  she  arrived  just  after  a  great  battle 
between  the  Christians  and  pagans,  and, 
finding  MedOra  a  Moor  wounded,  took 
care  of  him,  fell  in  love  with  hiu', 
and  eloped  with  him  to  Cathav.  When 
Orlando  found  himself  jilted,  he  was 
driven  mad  with  jealousy  and  rage,    or 


ORLANDO  INNAMORATO. 


711 


ORlfUS. 


rather  hu  wits  were  taken  from  him 
for  three  monUu  by  way  of  pnnishraent, 
and  deposited  in  the  moon.  Astolpho 
went  to  the  moon  in  Elijah's  chanot, 
and  St.  John  gave  him  *^the  lost  wits'* 
in  an  urn.  On  reaching  France,  Astol- 
pho bound  the  madman,  then,  holding 
the  nm  to  his  nose,  the  wits  returned 
to  their  nidus,  and  the  hero  was  himself 
again.  After  this,  the  siege  was  con- 
tinued, and  the  Christians  were  wholly 

•UCCeSSfuL   (SeeOui^NDOlNNAMORATO.) 

— Ariosto,  Orlando  Fwrioto  (1516). 

*^*  This  romance  in  verse  extends  to 
forty-six  cantos.  Uoole,  in  his  translation, 
has  compressed  the  forty-six  cantos  into 
twenty-fonr  books;  but  Rose  has  retained 
the  original  number.  The  adventures  of 
Orland  J,  under  the  French  form  *^  Roland." 
are  related  by  Turpin  in  his  CAromcA?, 
and   hv  Th^roulde  in   his   Chanson   de 

%*  The  true  hero  of  Ariosto's  romance 
is  Rogiro,  and  not  Orlando.  It  is  with 
Rogero's  victoiy  over  Rodomont  that  the 
poem  ends,    llie  concluding  lines  are : 

TkMi  9X  Ml  KMidi  \m[B»per9\  ntanl  hk  ann  abov* 

Vw  ftglOM  RodOOMNlt.  Mid  Um  WOftpOO  dlTIV* 

nrira  1b  hb  VMiing  throat    <o  cndi  the  •trlfe, 
Mmk  kMVi  mtmrn  Bosera's  Cum  and  Ufc. 

Orlando  Innamora'to,  or  Orlando 
in  iofsty  in  three  books,  by  count  Bojardo 
of  Scandiano,  in  Italy  (1495).  Bojardo 
supposes  Charlemagne  to  be  warring 
against  the  Saracens  in  France,  under  the 
walls  of  Paris.  He  represents  the  city 
to  be  besieged  by  two  infidel  hosts— one 
under  Agnunante  emperor  of  Africa,  and 
the  other  under  Gradasso  king  of  Scrica'na. 
His  hero  is  Orlando,  whom  he  supposes 
(thon^  married  at  the  time  to  Aldabella) 
to  be  m  love  with  Angelica,  a  fascinating 
coQuette  from  Catiiiay,  whom  Orlando 
had  brought  to  France.    (See  Oblando 

FURIOflO.) 

*^*  Berni  of  Tuscany,  in  1538,  published 
a  burlesque  in  verse  on  the  same  subject. 

Orleans,  a  most  passionate  inoamo- 
rato,  in  love  with  .^^py'na. — ^Thomas 
Dekker,  Old  Fortunatus  {IQWS). 

OrlcaiM  talk*  "  pun  Btron  and  Romao ;  **  h0  fi  almoJt  as 
poatkal  m  Ouf,  4«U«  M  philowtphlcri,  ob^  a  tttUa 
' '  r.— €.  Laab.  * 


("Biron^**  in  Shakespeare's  Love's 
Labour's  Lost;  *' Romeo,  in  his  Romeo 
and  Juliet.) 

Orleans  {Gaston  duke  of)j  brother  of 
Louis  Xill.  He  heads  a  conspiracy  to 
assassinate  Richelieu  and  dethrone  the 
king.  If  the  plot  had  been  successful, 
Gaston  was  to  h^ve  been  made  regent; 


but  the  conspiracy  was  discovered^  and 
the  duke  was  thwarted  in  his  ambitious 
plans.— Lord  Lytton,  Biohelieu  (1839). 

Orleans  (Louis  due  cT),  to  whom  the 
princess  Joan  (daughter  of  Louis  XI.)  is 
affianced.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Quentin  Dur- 
ward  (time,  Edward  lY.). 

Orliok  {Dolge),  usuaUy  caUed  "  Old 
Orlick,*'  though  not  above  five  and  twentv, 
journeyman  to  Joe  Gargery,  blacksmitti. 
Obstinate,  morose,  broad-shouldered, 
loose-limbed,  swarthy,  of  great  strength, 
never  in  a  hurnr,  and  always  slouching. 
Being  jealous  of  Pip,  he  allured  him  to  a 
cave  in  the  marshes,  bound  him  to  a 
ladder,  and  was  about  to  shoot  him,  when, 
being  alarmed  by  approaching  steps,  he 
fled.  Subsequently,  he  broke  into  Mr. 
Pumblechook's  house,  was  arrested,  and 
confined  in  the  county  jail.  This  surly, 
ill-conditioned  brute  was  in  love  with 
Biddv,  but  Biddy  married  Joe  Grargery. 
--C.  Dickens,  Great  Expectations  (i860). 

Orloff  Diamond  {The),  the  third 
largest  cut  diamond  in  the  world,  set  in 
the  top  of  the  Russian  sceptre.  The  weight 
of  this  magnificent  diamond  is  194  carats, 
and  its  size  is  that  of  a  pigeon's  egg.  It 
was  once  one  of  the  eyes  of  the  idol  Sber- 
ingham,  in  the  temple  of  Brahma  ;  came 
into  the  hands  of  the  shah  Nadir ;  was 
stolen  bv  a  French  grenadier  and  sold  to 
an  English  sea-captain  for  £2000;  the 
captain  sold  it  to  a  Jew  for  £12,000 ;  it 
next  passed  into  the  hands  of  Shafras ; 
and  in  1775,  Catherine  II.  of  Russia  gave 
for  it  £90,000.     (See  Diamonds.) 

Or'mandine  (3  syl,),  the  necro- 
mancer who  threw  St.  David  into  an 
enchanted  sleep  for  seven  years,  from 
which  he  was  reclaimed  by  St.  George. — 
R.  Johnson,  The  Seven  C/tampions  of 
Christendom,  i.  9  (1617). 

Orme  (Victor),  n.  poor  gentleman  in 
love  with  Elsie. — Wybert  Reeve,  Farted, 

Ormond  {Tfte  duke  of),  a  privy 
councillor  of  Charles  II.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
FeverU  of  the  Feak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Ormston  {Jock),  a  sheriff's  officer  at 
Fairport— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Antiquary 
(time,  George  III.). 

Ormus  ( Wealth  of),  diamonds.  The 
island  Ormns,  in  the  Persian  Gulf,  is  a 
mart  for  these  precious  stones. 

Hl^  onathRMMofronralatati^  whlchfltf 
OuUbona  the  woalth  of  Onoui. 

MUton.  PttrtuUfLmt,  U.  1  (1(MS). 


ORNITHOLOGT. 


712       ORPHEUS  AND  EUBTDIGK 


Omithol'ogy  ( The  Father  of),  Geoige 
Edwards  (1693-1773). 

Oroxna'ses  (4  syL),  the  principle  of 

food  in  Fenian  mytiiol<^y.     Same  at 
ezad  iq.v,). 

Oroondatea  (5  jy/.)»  only  son  of  a 
Scythian  king,  whose  love  n>r  Statira 
(widow  of  Alexander  the  Great)  led  him 
into  numerous  dangers  and  diflSculties, 
which,  however,  he  surmounted.  —  La 
CalprenMe,  Cassandra  (a  romance). 

Oroonolto  (Prinoe),  son  and  heir  of 

the  king  of  Angola,  and  general  of  the 

forces.      He  was   decoyed    by    captain 

Driver  aboard   his  ship  ;   his    suite  of 

twenty  men  were  made  drank  with  ram ; 

the  ship  weighed  anchor ;  and  the  prince, 

with  all  his  men,  were  sold  as  slaves  in 

one  of  the  West  Indian  Islands.     Here 

Oroonoko    met    Imoin'da    (3    syL),    his 

wife,  &om  whom  he  had  been  separated, 

and  who   he   thought  was   dead.      He 

headed  a  rising  of  the  slaves,  and  the 

lieutenant-goveraor  tried  to  seduce  Imoin- 

da.    The  result  was  tiiat  Imoinda  killed 

herself,  and  Oroonoko  (8  syl,)  slew  first 

the  lieutenant-governor  and  then  himself. 

Mrs.    Aphra   Behn    became   acquainted 

with  the  prince  at  Surinam,  and  made 

the  story  of  his  life  the  basis  of  a  novel, 

which    Thomas     Southern     dramatised 

(1696). 

Jack  BMntotar  (ITS^-UMl  begui  hb  canv  In  tn«B4)r. 
.  .  .  GMrrkk  .  .  .  Mked  bin  what  character  ha  visbad 
to  plair  neiC  "  Why."  Mid  Banobtar,  "  I  vai  UilnUnc 
of  '  Oroonoko.' "  "  Bh.  c^  t "  aiclainiad  DavM.  ttarintf  at 
Baaniitar.  who  waa  vary  thitt  t  "  7ua  will  look  aa  nuch  Uka 


'Oroonoko'  a*  a  ^blmntf-tmmpm  In  oooMmptlon."— T. 
GteipbalL 

Orosemlx),  a  brave  and  dauntless 
old  Peruvian.  When  captured  and 
brought  before  the  Spanisk  invaders, 
Orozembo  openly  defied  them,  and  re- 
fused to  give  any  answer  to  their  ques- 
tions (act  L  1).  —  Sheridan,  Pizarro 
(altered  from  Kotzebue,  1799). 

Orpas,  once  archbishop  of  Sev'ille. 
At  the  overthrow  of  the  Gothic  kingdom 
in  Spain,  Orpas  joined  the  Moors  and 
turoed  Moslem.  Of  all  the  renegades 
**  the  foulest  and  the  falsest  wretch  was 
he  that  e*er  renounced  his  baptism."  He 
wished  to  marry  Florinda,  daughter  of 
count  Julian,  in  order  to  secure  **her 
wide  domains ;"  but  Florinda  loathed  him. 
In  the  Moorish  council,  Orpas  advised 
Abulcacem  to  cut  off  count  Julian, 
*^  whose  power  but  served  him  for  fresh 
treachery,  false  to  Roderick  first,  and  to 
the  caliph  now."  This  advice  was  acted 
on ;    but  as  the  villain    left   the   tent, 


Abulcacem  mattered  to  himself,  "  Look 
for  a  like  reward  thyself;  that  restless 
hMd  of  wickedness  in  the  grave  will 
brood  no  treason." — Southey,  Eoderick, 
etc,,  XX.,  xxiL  (1814). 

Orphan  of  Ohina,  a  drama  by 
Murphy.  Zaphimri,  the  sole  survivor 
of  the  Toytl  race  of  China,  was  committed 
in  infimcy  to  Zamti,  the  mandarin,  that 
he  mi^t  escape  from  the  hand  of  Ti'- 
mnrkan',  the  Tartar  conqueror.  Zamti 
brought  up  Zaphimri  as  his  son,  and  sent 
Hamet,  his  real  son,  to  Corea,  where  he  was 
placed  under  the  charge  of  Morat.  Twenty 
^ears  afterwards,  Hamet  led  a  band  <^ 
insurgents  against  Timurkan,  was  seized, 
and  ordered  to  be  put  to  death  under 
the  notion  that  he  was  "the  orphan  of 
Qiina."  Zaphimri,  hearing  thereof,  went 
to  the  Tartar  and  declared  that  he,  not 
Hamet,  was  the  real  prince;  whereupon 
Timurkan  ordered  Zainti  and  his  wife 
MancUUid,  with  Hamet  and  Zaphimri, 
to  be  seized.  Zamti  and  Mandand  were 
ordered  to  the  torture,  to  wring  from  them 
the  trath.  In  the  interim,  a  pariv  of 
insurgent  Chinese  rushed  into  the  palace, 
kUled  the  king,  and  esUbUshed  '*the 
orphan  of  China"  on  the  throne  of  his 
fathers  (1759). 

Orphan   of  the   FrosMn   Sea» 

Martha,  thedau^^terof  Ral|^  de  Lascours 
(captain  of  the  Vran'ia)  and  his  wife 
Louise.  The  crew  having  rebelled,  the 
three,  with  their  servant  Bar'abas,  were 
cast  adrift  in  a  boat,  which  ran  on  an 
iceberg  in  the  Frozen  Sea.  Ralph  thought 
it  was  a  small  island,  but  the  icebeig 
broke  up,  both  Ralph  and  his  wife  were 
drowneo,  but  Barabas  and  Martha  escaped. 
Martha  was  taken  by  an  Indian  tnbe, 
which  brought  her  up  and  named  her 
Or^'ta  (**  withered  wheat "),  from  her 
white  complexion.  In  Mexico  she  met 
with  her  sister  Diana  and  her  grand- 
mother Mde.  de  Theiinge  (2  sj//.),  and 
probably  married  Horace  de  Brienne. — E. 
Stirling,  Orphan  of  the  Frozen  Sea  (1856). 

Orphan  of  tha  Temple,  Ifarie 

Th^rbse  Charlotte  duchesse  d'Angonleme, 
daughter  of  Loui^  XVI. ;  so  called  from 
the  Temple,  where  she  was  imprisoned. 
She  was  called  "  llie  Modern  Antig'onS  " 
by  her  uncle  Louis  XYIII. 

Orpheus.  (For  a  parallel  fable,  see 
Waiitamoinsn.) 

Orpheus  and  Surydioe  (4  tyL), 
GlUcrs  best  opera  {Orfeo),  Libretto  by 
Cakabigi,  who  also  wrote  for  Glttck  the 


ORPHEUS  OP  HIGHWAYMEN.     718 


ORTHODOXY. 


libreito  of  Aloeste  (1767).  King  pro- 
duced «n  English  venion  of  Orpheui  and 
Eurydioe. 

*m*  The  tale  is  introdiioed  by  Pope  in 
his  St,  CecUia't  Ode. 


or  OnlMiM  DOW  BO  oMira  let  poets  tril. 

to  orUit  Cecflfai  graotor  povar  Uprvk : 
Bk  BMBDen  raised  %  Amdb  team  bed. 

Hen  Mft  ttao  eo«l  to  bMTeiL 

Pope.  St.  O^eHUa't  Dag  {XTHVi. 

Orpheus  of  Hi^waymen,  John 
Gay,  author  of  The  Ihggar'B  Opera  (1688- 
17d2). 

OrphenB  of  the  Oreen  Isle 
{TKe\  Forlongh  O'Ouolan,  poet  and 
musician  (1670-1738). 

Or'TSfOa  {Quten)^  wife  of  Alfonso  H. 
The  legend  says  that  five  friars  of  Mo- 
roeco  went  to  her,  and  said,  **  Three  things 
we  prophesy  to  yon:  (1)  we  five  shiul 
all  Miffer  martyrdom  ;  (2)  onr  bodice  will 
be  bron^t  to  Ck>imbra;  and  (8)  which- 
ever sees  oar  relics  first,  yon  or  the  kinj^, 
will  die  the  same  day.  When  their 
bodies  were  brought  to  Coimbra,  the  king 
told  qoeen  Orraca  she  must  join  the  pro- 
cession with  him.  She  pleaded  illness,  but 
Alfonso  replied  the  relics  would  cure  her ; 
so  they  started  on  their  journey.  As  they 
were  going,  the  queen  told  the  king  to 
speed  on  before,  as  she  could  not  travel 
so  fast ;  so  he  speeded  on  with  his  retinue, 
and  started  a  boar  on  the  road.  "  Follow 
him !  **  cried  the  king,  and  they  went 
after  the  boar  and  killM  it.  In  the  mean 
time,  tiie  queen  reached  the  procession, 
fully  expecting  her  husband  nad  joined 
it  lon^  ago ;  bat,  lo !  ^e  beheld  him  riding 
up  with  great  speed. '  That  night  the 
kmg  was  aroused  at  midnight  witli  the 
intdligence  that  the  queen  was  dead. — 
Soothey,  Q%»een  Orraca  (1888) ;  Francisco 
Manod  da  £8peran9a,  Historic^  Serafioa 
(eighteenth  century). 

Orrook  {Pvfjgie),  a  sheriflPs  officer  at 
Fairport.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Antiquary 
(time,  George  III.). 

Orshly  one  of  the  leaders  of  the  rabble 
rout  that  attacked  Hudibras  at  the  bear- 
baiting.—S.  Butler,  Hudibras  n663). 

*^*  The  prototjTpe  of  this  raoble  leader 
was  Joshoa  Gosling,  who  kept  the  Paris 
Bear-Garden,  in  Southwark. 

Orai'ni  (Maffio),  a  young  Italian 
nobleman,  whose  life  was  saved  hj 
Genna'ro  at  the  battle  of  Rim'ini.  Oraini 
became  the  fast  friend  of  Gennaro,  but 
bnth  were  poisoned  by  the  princess  Neg^- 
roni  at  a  banquet. — Donizetti,  Lucrezia 
di  Boryia  (opera,  1884). 


Orsi'no,  duke  of  lUyria,  who  sought 
the  love  of  Olivia  a  rich  countess ;  but 
Olivia  gave  no  encouragement  to  his 
suit,  and  the  duke  moped  and  pined, 
leaving  manly  sports  for  music  and  other 
effeminate  emp]o3rments.  Viola  entered 
the  duke^s  service  as  a  page,  and  soon 
became  a  great  favourite.  When  Olivia 
married  Sebastian  (Viola's  brother),  and 
the  sex  of  Viola  became  known,  the  duke 
married  her  and  made  her  duchess  of 
lUyria.  —  Shakespeare,  Twelfth  Night 
(1614). 

Orson,  twin-brother  of  Valentine, 
and  son  of  Bellisant.  The  twin-brothers 
were  bom  in  a  wood  near  Orleans,  and 
Orson  was  carried  off  by  a  bear,  which 
suckled  him  with  its  cubs.  When  he 
grew  up,  he  became  the  terror  of  France, 
and  was  called  ''  The  Wild  Man  of  the 
Forest.**  Ultimately,  he  was  reclaimed 
by  his  brother  Valentine,  overthrew  the 
Green  Knight,  and  married  Fezon  daugh- 
ter of  the  &ke  of  Savarv,  in  Aquitaine.— 
Valentine  and  Orson  (fifteenth  century). 

Orson  and  SUon.  Young  Orson 
was  a  comely  young  farmer  from  Taun- 
ton, stout  as  an  oak,  and  very  fond  of 
the  lasses,  but  he  hated  matrimony,  and 
used  to  say,  "the  man  who  c^  buy  milk 
is  a  fool  to  keep  a  cow.'*  While  still  a 
ladj  Orson  made  love  to  Ellen,  a  rustic 
maiden  ;  but,  in  the  fickleness  of  youth, 
forsook  her  for  a  richer  lass,  and  Ellen 
left  the  village,  wandered  far  avray,  and 
became  waiting-maid  to  old  Bomfaoe 
the  innkeeper.  One  day,  Orson  hap- 
pened to  stop  at  this  very  inn,  and  Ellen 
wailed  on  him.  Five  years  had  passed 
since  they  had  seen  each  other,  and  at 
first  neither  knew  the  other.  When,  how- 
ever, the  fkcts  were  known,  Orson  made 
Ellen  his  wife,  and  their  marriage  feast 
was  given  by  Boniface  himself. — Peter 
Pindar  [Dr.  Wolcot],  Orson  and  Ellen 
(1809). 

Ortellius  {Ahraham)^  a  Dutch  geo- 

flnrapher,   who    published,   in    1570,    his 

Theatrum     Orbu    Terra     or     UmvtTsai 

Geography  (1627-1598). 

I  more  ooold  t^  to  prore  the  plaee  oar  own. 
Itiftn  by  hu  qMctoua  mepe  are  >jr  OrtellliM  ■howa. 
Dmrton.  Pol^btom,  vi  (ISUA. 

Orthodoxy.  When  lord  Sandwich 
said,  **he  did  not  know  the  difference 
between  orthodoxy  and  heterodox  v,** 
Warburton  bishop  of  Gloucester  replied, 
"  Orthodox}^,  my  lord,  is  mu  doxv,  and 
heterodoxy  is  another  man^s  doxy.' 


ORTHODOXY. 


714 


O'SHANTER. 


Orthodoxy  {The  Father  of)^  Atbananus 
(296-878). 

Orthrus,  the  two-headed  dog  of 
Euryt'ion  toe  herdsman  of  Ger>'on'eo. 
It  was  the  progeny  of  Tjpha'on  and 
£chidna. 


With  bta  l«o-bMd«d 


Orthnw  lMaa«i«tt  by  frwt  lyphaon 
I  fool*  ichtdaa  la  the ' 


Chia  Orthrai  Ught. 


oTlfitht 

Ortwine  (2  «y/.).  knight  of  Metx, 
8Mter*8  son  of  sir  Hasan  of  Trony,  a 
Bnrgnndian.  —  The  liibeiungen  Lied 
(eleventh  centuiy). 

Or'ville  {Lord)^  the  amiable  and 
devoted  lover  of  firelina,  whom  he  ulti- 
mately marries. — ^Miss  Bomey,  Evelina 
(1778). 

Osbaldistone  {Mr,)^  a  London  mer- 
chant. 

Frank  Otbaldistone,  his  son,  in  love 
with  Diana  Vernon,  whom  he  marries. 

Sir  Hiidebrand  Osbaldistone,  of  Os- 
baldistone  Hall,  uncle  of  Frank,  his 
heir. 

Mis  Sons  were :  Percival,  »*  the  sot ; " 
ThoriKliil,  "the  bully;**  John,  "the 
gamekeeper  ;  *'  Richard,  "  the  horse- 
^kev;''  Wilfred,  "the  fool;"  and 
Kashfeigb,  "the  scholar,"  a  perfidious 
villain,  killed  by  Rob  Roy.— Sir  W. 
Scott.  Rob  Roy  (time,  George  I.). 

Rw  Roy  Maoyregor  was  dramatized  by 
Pocock. 

Osborne  (i^r.),  a  hard,  money- 
loving,  purse-proudl  wealthv  London 
merchant,  whose  only  gospel  was  that 
"according  to  Mammon."  He  was  a 
widower,  and  his  heart  of  hearts  was 
to  see  his  son,  captain  George,  marry  a 
rich  mulatto.  While  his  neighbour 
Sedley  was  prosperous^  old  Sedley  en- 
oouraged  the  love-malung  of  George  and 
Miss  Sedley  ;  but  when  old  Sedley 
failed,  and  Creorge  dared  to  marr}'  the 
bankrupt's  daughter,  to  whom  he  was 
engaged,  the  old  merchant  disinherited 
him.  Captain  George  fell  on  the  field  of 
Waterloo,  but  the  heart  of  old  Osborne 
would  not  relent,  and  he  allowed  the 
widow  to  starve  in  abject  poverty.  He 
adopted,  however,  the  widow's  son. 
George,  and  brought  him  up  in  absurd 
luxury  and  indulgence.  A  more  de- 
testable cad  than  old  Sedley  cannot  be 
imagined. 

Afaria  and  Jane  OsborWf  daughters  of 
the  merchant,  and  of  the  same  mould. 
Maria  married  Frederick  Bullock,  a 
banker's  son. 


Captain  George  OAcme^  son  of  the 
mercnant ;  selfish,  vain,  extravagant,  and 
self-indulgent.  He  was  engaged  to 
Amelia  Sedley  while  her  father  was  in 
prosperity,  and  captain  Dobbin  induced 
him  to  marry  her  after  the  tatiier  was 
made  a  baakmpt.  Happily,  (jeoige  fell 
on  the  field  of  Waterloo,  or  one  would 
never  vouch  for  his  conjugal  fidelity. — 
Thackeay,  Vanity  Fair  {IM»). 

Oscar,  son  of  Ossian  and  grandson  of 
Fingal.  He  was  engaged  to  Malvi'na, 
daughter  of  Toscar,  but  before  the  day  of 
marriage  arrived,  he  was  slain  in  Ulrter, 
fighting  against  CairtMtr,  who  had  treacher- 
ously invited  him  to  a  banquet  and  then 
ilew  him,  ▲.».  296.  Oscar  is  repre- 
sented as  most  brave,  warmhearted,  and 
impetnous,  most  submissive  to  his  fath^, 
teiKler  to  Malvina,  and  a  universal 
&voarite, 

**0  0MV.'*wUniifri."b«4  Ow  atroi«  in  am.  birt 
qMi«  Um  fMUe  hMid.  Be  Unm  •  itreui  of  nny  tUM 
aSMlntt  the  foM  of  thjr  iMopte.  but  like  Um  0d«  Uwt 
waanm  Um  graM  to  tbote  who  atk  thin*  aid.  .  .  .  Nevar 
mreh  far  tatth^  um  ituu  it  when  a  cniw,"  IV— _ 
F%mg<a,\SL 

Oalrbar  ahrioki  beforB  Oicai^f  iwonl.  He  creeps  fai 
darkncM  behind  a  Mone.  He  lifts  the  near  In  Mcret ; 
heitavwOMM^rfde.  Onr  telk fbr«ai^«i  hk *Wd ; 
hie  hue*  Mftaltts  the  dtieC.  but  etili  Uie  near  to  in  hie 
hand.  See  I  glMmjr  CUrbar  talla.  Ilie  Med  pkrocd  his 
forabead.  and dtTidedbtoiwl  hair  bahiad.  HelivHk** 
shaiterad  nek  .  .  .  bat  nefer  mora  daaO  Onar  arissk— > 
Oadan,  rwnera,  L 

09oar  Routed  from  Sleep,  *<Ca-olt 
took  up  a  huge  stone  and  hurled  it  on  the 
hero's  head.  The  hill  for  three  miles 
round  shook  with  the  reverberation  of  the 
blow,  and  the  stone,  rebounding,  rolled 
out  of  sight.  Whereon  Oscar  awMLe,  and 
told  Caolt  to  reserve  his  blows  for  his 


enenues. 


M 


Ooa  thogCaoOle  a  chlaefa.  aaeh  ffta. 
Igus  a  IT  alsbal' chlaan  gun  bhnall ; 
XH  mil  an  tidBoch  gon  euL 


Os'ewald  (8  syl),  the  reeve,  of  "the 
carpenteres  craft,**  an  old  man.— -Qiauoer, 
Canterbury  Tales  (1388). 

Osewuy  (J)ame)^  &e  ewe,  in  the 
beast-epic  of  Reynard  the  Fox  (1498). 

O'Shanter  {Tam)^  a  farmer,  who, 
returning  home  from  Ayr  very  late  and 
well-soaked  with  liouor,  had  to  pass  the 
kirk  of  Alloway.  Seeing  it  was  illumi- 
nated, he  peeped  in,  and  saw  there  the 
witches  and  devils  dancing,  while  old 
Clootie  was  blowing  the  bagpipes.  Tarn 
got  so  excited  that  he  roai^  out  to  one 
of  the  dancers,  **  Wecl  done,  Cutty  Sark  ! 
Weel  done !  **  In  a  moment  all  was  dark. 
Tam  now  spurred  his  "  grey  mare  Meg  *' 


OSIRIS. 


715 


OSSEO. 


to  the  top  of  her  speed,  while  all  the 
fiends  chased  after  him.  The  river  Doon 
was  near,  and  Tain  just  reached  the 
middle  of  the  bridge  when  one  of  the 
witches,  whom  he  called  Cutty  Sark, 
touched  him  ;  but  it  was  too  late — ^he  had 
passed  Uie  mtddie  of  the  stream,  and  was 
out  of  the  power  of  the  crew.  Not  so 
his  mare's  tail — that  had  not  yet  passed 
the  magic  line,  and  Cutty  Sark,  chnging 
thereto,  dragged  it  off  with  an  infemu 
wrench. — ^B.  Bums,  Tom  O'ShanUr, 

Osi'ris,  judge  of  the  dead,  brother 
and  husband  of  Isis.  Osiris  is  identical 
with  Adonis  and  Thammnz.  All  three 
represent  the  sun,  six  months  above 
the  equator,  and  six  months  below  it. 
Adonis  passed  six  months  with  Aphro- 
d  its  in  heaven,  and  six  months  with 
PerseidbfinS  in  hell.  So  Osiris  in  heaven 
was  the  beloved  of  Isis,  but  in  the  land 
of  darkness  waS  embraced  by  Nepthys. 

OsCriSf  the  sun ;  Isis,  the  moon. 

ncjr  [thtpriaU]  wore  ridi  mltros  dtsped  Ilk*  Um  moon. 
To  ahov  taat  Ifb  doth  dte  moon  portend, 
lite  M  Qritb  dgBUkB  tiM  mn. 

Bp»n»er,  JMrjr  Qitsmt,  r.  7  (IfiSS). 

Osmail,  sultan  of  the  East,  the  gpreat 
oonqneror  of  the  Christians,  a  man  of 
most  magnanimous  mind  and  of  noble 
generosity.  He  loved  Zara,  a  young 
Christian  captive,  and  was  by  her  beloved 
with  equal  ardour  and  sinceritv.  Zara 
was  the  daughter  of  Lusignan  d*6utremer, 
a  Christian  king  of  Jerusalem ;  she  was 
taken  prisoner  bv  Osman*s  &thcr,  with  her 
elder  orother  I^erestan,  then  four  years 
old.  After  twenty  years*  captivity,  Neres- 
tan  was  sent  to  France  for  ransom,  and 
on  his  return  presented  himself  before 
the  sultan,  who  fancied  he  perceived  a 
sort  of  intimacy  between  the  young  man 
and  Zara,  which  excited  his  suspicion 
and  j^ousy.  A  letter,  begging  that 
Zara  would  meet  him  in  a  "  secret 
passage**  of  the  seraglio,  fell  into  the 
sultan's  hands,  and  confirmed  his  sus- 
picions. Zara  went  to  the  rendezvous, 
where  Osman  met  her  and  stabbed  her  to 
tiie  heart.  Nerestan  was  soon  brought 
before  him,  and  told  him  he  had  mur- 
dered his  sister,  and  all  he  wanted  of  her 
was  to  tell  her  of  the  death  of  her  father, 
and  to  bring  her  his  dying  benediction. 
Stnng  with  remorse,  Osman  liberated  all 
his  Christian  captives,  and  then  stabbed 
himself.— Aaron  HiU,  Zara  (1785). 

*«*  This  tragedy  is  an  English  adapta- 
tion of  Voltaire's  Zaire  (1733). 

Osmandy   a    necromancer  who,  by 


enchantment,  raised  up  an  army  to  resist 
the  Christians.  Six  of  the  champions 
were  enchanted  by  Osmand,  but  St. 
George  restored  them.  (>8mand  tore  off 
his  hair  in  which  la}'  his  spirit  of 
enchantment,  bit  his  tongue  in  two,  em- 
bowelled  himself,  cut  off  his  arms,  and 
died. — R.  Johnson,  Seven  Champions  of 
Christendom^  i.  19  (1617). 

Osmond*  an  old  Yarangian  guard. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Count  JRobert  of  Paris 
(time,  Rufus). 

Osmyxi^  alitos  Alphokso,  son  of 
Anselmo  kmg  of  Valentia,  and  husband 
of  Alme'ria  daughter  of  Manuel  king  of 
Grana'da.  Supposed  to  have  been  lost  at 
sea,  but  in  r^ity  cast  on  tiie  Afirican 
coast,  and  tended  by  queen  Zara,  who 
falls  in  love  with  him.  Both  are  taken 
captive  by  Manuel,  and  brought  to 
Granada.  Here  Manuel  falls  in  love 
with  Zara,  but  Zara  retains  her  passionate 
love  for  Alphonso.  Alphonso  makes  his 
escape,  returns  at  the  head  of  an  army  to 
Granada,  finds  both  the  king  and  Zara 
dead,  but  Almeria  being  still  alive  be- 
comes his  acknowledged  bride. — W. 
Congreve,  The  Mourning  Bride  (1697). 

\*  *'  Osman  **  was  one  of  John  Kem- 
ble*s  characters,  Mrs.  Siddons  taking  the 
rd/tfof  "Zara.** 

Osnaburghs,  the  cloths  so  called ; 
a  corruption  of  C>snabrUck,  in  Hanover, 
where  these  coarse  linens  were  first  pro- 
duced. 

OspreiT.  When  fish  see  the  osprey, 
the  legend  says,  they  are  so  fascinated 
that  the^  **  swoon,"  and,  turning  on  their 
backs,  yield  themselves  an  easy  prey  to 
the  bird.  Rattlesnakes  exercise  the  same 
fascination  over  birds. 


ThtOKpnr  .  .  .  UMflMmosDoaardoaqir. 

But  .   .  .  turning  tbdr  boUlw  up.  m  tho'  tbtlr  denth 

theynw. 
Tbcr  at  his  iilMture  Ite.  to  stuff  bit  gluttonoM  maw. 

Brajrton.  P0itfolbion,  xxr.  (18S1). 

Osriok^  a  court  fop,  contemptible  for 
his  affectation  and  finical  dandyism.  He 
is  made  umpire  by  king  Claudius,  when 
Laertds  and  Hamlet  **  jUay  *'  with  rapiers 
in  ** friendly"  combat. — Shakespeare, 
Ifamlet  (1596). 

Osse'o,  son  of  the  Evening  Star,  whose 
wife  was  O'weenee.  In  the  Northland 
there  were  once  ten  sisters  of  surpassing 
beauty;  nine  married  beautiful  young 
husbands,  but  the  youngest,  named 
Oweenee,  fixed  her  affections  on  Ossco, 
who  was  "old,  poor,  and  ugly,**  but 
"most    beautiful   within.**     All   being 


03SIAN. 


716 


ontANTa 


invited  to  a  feast,  the  nine  set  upon  their 

yonni^t  sister,  taunting  her  for  having 

reamed    Osseo ;     bat   fortiiwith    Osseo 

leaped  into  a  fallen  oak,  and  was  tnms- 

formed  to  a  most  handsome  young  man, 

his  wife  to  a  very  old  woman,  "  wrinkled 

and  ugly,"  but  his  love  changed  not. 

Soon  another  change  occurred :  Oweenee 

resumed  her  former  beauty,  and  all  the 

sisters  and  tiieir  husbands  were  changed 

to  birds,  who  were  kept  in  cages  alMut 

Osseo*8  wigwam.    In  one  time  a  son  was 

bom,  and  one  day  he  shot  an  arrow  at 

one  of  the  caged  birds,  and  forthwitii  the 

nine,  with  their  husbiuids,  were  changed 

to  pygmies. 

From  tiM  ■tary  of  Omto 
lMiu$]  Vtmrn  Um Ikta  of  JmIwb. 

LeagfcUov.  ainmttkn,  lO.  (18H). 

OssifUl,  the  warrior>bard.  He  was 
ion  of  Fingal  (king  of  Morven)  and  his 
first  wife  Ros-crana  (daughter  of  Ck>rmAC 
king  uf  Ireland). 

His  wife  was  Evir- Alien,  daughter  of 
Branna  (a  native  of  Ireland) ;  and  his  son 
was  Oscar.  , 

Ostrich  ( The)  is  said,  in  fable,  not  to 
brood  over  here^gs,  but  to  hatch  them  by 
gazing  on  tiiem  intently.  Both  birds  are 
emploved,  for  if  the  gaze  is  suspended 
for  only  one  moment,  the  eggs  are  addled. 
— Vanslebe. 

(This  is  an  emblem  of  the  ever- 
watchful  eye  of  Providence.) 

Bucfaalook  .  .  . 
11m  moCbcr  catifdi  Aim  on  her  egg; 
Till  UuU  IntciMB  afltedoa 
Kindiw  ita  Ugbt  oT  Ufa. 
Sootby.  Tkalaba  IV  Ztrnti  ttgtB,  M.  U  (Om. 

Ostrich  Bgg.  Captain  P.  Buraaby 
saw  an  ostrich  egg  hung  by  a  silver  chain 
from  the  ceiling  of  the  pi^ncipal  mosque 
of  Sivas,  and  was  told  it  was  a  warning 
to  evil-doers. 

Tbo  oatrldi  alvwv  looks  At  the  cp»  rile  hn,  and  breaks 
ttioM  ttuU  f  bad.  Bo  God  wHl  braak  e«tt-doen  as  Uw 
oatrkb  bar  worthleai  agga—Bumabf.  On  Montbaek 
throufk  Attm  Minor,  xxtz.  (1877). 

Oswald,  steward  to  Goneril  daugh- 
ter of  king  L^ar.— Shakespeare,  Juoj 
Lear  (1606). 

Oawaldy  the  cup-bearer  to  Cedric  the 
Saxon,  of  Rotherwood. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Ivanhoe  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Oswald  {Prince) f  being  jealous  of 
Gondibert,  his  rival  for  the  love  of 
Rhodalind  (the  heiress  of  Aribert  king 
of  Lombardy),  headed  a  faction  against 
him.  A  battle  was  imminent,  but  it  was 
determined  to  decide  the  quarrel  by  four 
combatants  on  each  side*    In  this  com- 


bat, Oswald  was  slain  by  Gondibert. — Sir 
W.  Davenant,  QtmdSberi,  L  (died  1668). 

Othello,  tiie  Moor,  commando'  of 
the  Venetian  army.  lago  was  his  ensign 
or  ancient.  Desdemona,  Uie  daughter  of 
Brmbantio  the  senator,  fell  in  love  with 
the  Moor,  and  he  married  her ;  but  lago^ 
by  his  artful  villainy,  insinui^ed  to  him 
such  a  tissue  of  circumstantial  evidence 
of  Desdemona*s  love  for  Cassio,  that, 
Othello's  jealousy  beii^  aroused,  he 
smothered  her  with  a  pillow,  and  then 
killed  himself.  —  Shakespeare,  Othello 
(1611). 

Tba  ftarr  opanni  of  OCMlo.  nagnaafai 
rednloot,  bowndtoi  In  bia  oonSdenec. 
,  lainibla  iB  bli  ranbrttaa.  and  f 
.  .  .  Tba  padaal  laiiftiaM  arhlcb 
tba  llooi'a  ooavleClan.  and  tba  Hraim 
aniplOfa  to  Inilann  btan.  an  w  wtfiAjr 
«•  cannot  bat  plt^  hla.— Dr.  Jobwon. 

*«*  The  stonr  of  this  tragedy  is  taken 
from  the  novefletd  of  Giovanni  Giraldi 
Cinthio  (died  1573). 

Addison  says  of  Thomas  Betteiton 
(1635-1710)  :  "  The  wonderful  a^ony 
which  he  appeared  in  when  he  examinea 
the  circumstance  of  the  handkochief  in 
the  part  of  *  Othello,*  and  the  mixture 
of  love  that  intruded  mi  his  mind  at  the 
innocent  answers  of  ^Desdemooa,*  .  .  . 
were  the  perfection  of  acting.**  Donald- 
son, in  his  Seoolledioms^  says  that  Spraa- 
ger  Barry  (1719-1777)  was  the  bean-ideal 
of  an  "Othello;**  and  C.  Leslie,  in  his 
Autobiography f  says  the  same  of  Edmund 
Kean  (i78f-1833). 

Otho,  the  lord  at  whose  board  count 
Lara  was  recognized  by  sir  Ezzelin.  A 
duel  was  arnmged  for  tiie  next  day,  and 
the  contending  parties  were  to  meet  in 
lord  Otho*s  hall.  When  the  time  of 
meeting  arrived,  Lara  presented  hims^, 
but  no  sir  Ezzelin  put  in  his  appeanmce ; 
whereupon  Otho,  vouching  for  the 
knight*s  honour,  foufi4it  with  the  count, 
and  was  wounded.  On  recovering  from 
his  wound,  lord  Otho  became  the  mvete- 
rate  enemy  of  Lara,  and  accused  him 
openly^  of  having  made  away  with  sir 
Ezzelin.  Lara  made  himself  veir  popular, 
and  beaded  a  rebellion ;  but  lord  Otho 
opposed  the  rebels,  and  shot  him. — ^Byron, 
Lara  (1814). 

Otnit,  a  legendaiT  emperor  of  Lom- 
bardy, who  gains  m  daug^iter  of  the 
Boldan  for  wife,  by  the  help  of  Elberich 
the  dwarf.  —  The  BeldeMbvch  (twelfth 
century). 

Otranto  {Thmred  prmoe  of),  a  em- 
sader. 


OTRANTO. 


717 


OTERBEACH. 


Ernest  of  Otrttnio^  page  of  the  prince 
of  Otranto.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Comt  Mobert 
of  Paris  (timey  Ruf  ub). 

Otnmto  {The  Castle  of)^  a  romance  by 
Horace  Walpole  (1769). 

OTrifl^r  {Sir  LuciM)^  a  fortune- 
hunting  Inshman,  ready  to  fight  erery 
one,  oo  any  matter,  at  any  time. — 
Sheridan,  The  EiwU  (1775). 


"ontor  OTkhcftjr.**  "Trngm,"  and  "Dannli  Bralcmd- 
dtn  vera  Mftnirad  kif  J»A  JohmtoBe  [170O-18S8}  hi 
DMal  flKqaUla  ooloMn.— r*«  jr«w  Mpntktg   Magadnt 

♦*•  "Callaghan  0*BraUaghan/'  in  Lwe 
o-io-modf  (Macklin);  ** major  OTlaherty," 
in  The  West  Indian  (Cumberland)  ; 
*'  Tcagoe,**  in  The  Conumttee  (Hon.  sir 
R.  Howard);  ** Dennis  Bmlgruddery,** 
in  John  Bull  (Colman). 

Otta'vio  (Don),  the  lover  of  donna 
Anna,  whom  ne  was  about  to  make  his 
wife,  when  don  Gioranni  seduced  her 
and  killed  her  fkther  (the  commandant 
of  the  city)  in  a  duel. — ^Mosart,  Don 
Otownmi  (opera,  1787). 

Otto,  duke  of  Normandy,  the  victim 
of  RoUo  called  **  The  Bloody  Brother.'* 
— Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  27»e  Bloody 
Brother  (1639). 

Ot'uel  (Sir),  a  haughty  and  pre- 
sumptuous Saracen,  miraculously  con- 
verted. He  was  a  nephew  of  Ferragus 
or  Ferracute,  and  married  a  daughter  of 
Charlemagne. 

Onidai,  an  infantine  corruption  of 
Louisa.  The  full  name  is  Louise  de  la 
Ram<$e,  authoress  of  Under  Two  Flags 
(1867),  and  many  other  novels. 

Ouran'abad,  a  monster  represented 
as  a  fierce  flying  hydra.  It  belongs  to 
the  same  class  as  (1)  the  BahshCf  whose 
ordinary  food  was  serpents  and  dragons ; 
(2)  the  Soham,  which  had  the  head  of  a 
horse,  four  eyes,  and  the  bod;^  of  a  fierv 
dragon;  (3)  the  Syl,  a  basilisk,  with 
human  face,  but  so  terrible  that  no  eye 
could  look  on  it  and  live ;  (4)  the  Ejder. 
— Richardson's  Dictionary  ("  Persian  and 
Arabic  "). 


In  Ui  bnd.  whidi  thandOT  had  blaatod,  he  [KWa\ 
nn^td  the  Iron  M«ptr«  that  vnmm  Um  roonator  o«nuui- 
bad.  the  alHti.  and  «U  tiie  povcnoT  ttaa  abgm  to  tnmUa. 
— W.  Bcckfoid.  TatkOt  OTSC). 

Outalissi,  eagle  of  the  Indian  tribe 
of  Oney'da,  the  death-enemies  of  the 
Hurons.  Mlien  the  Hurons  attacked  the 
fort  under  tiie  command  of  Waldeffrare 
(2  syl.),  a  general  massacre  was  made,  in 
which  Wudegravc  and  his  wife  were 
ilaln.    But  Mrs.  Waldegnve,  before  she 


died,  committed  her  boy  Henry  to  the 
charge  of  Outalissi,  and  told  him  to  place 
the  diild  in  the  hands  of  Albert  of  Wy^'- 
oming,  her  friend.  This  Outalissi  did. 
After  a  lapse  of  fifteen  years,  one  Brandt, 
at  the  head  of  a  mixed  army  of  British 
and  Indians,  attacked  Oneyda,  and  a 
general  massacre  was  made ;  but  Outa- 
lissi, wounded,  escaped  to  Wyoming, 
just  in  time  to  give  warning  of  the 
approach  of  Brandt.  Scarcely  was  this 
done,  when  Brandt  arrived.  Albert  and 
his  daughter  Gertrude  were  both  shot, 
and  the  whole  settlement  was  extirpated. 
—Campbell,  aertmde  of  Wyoming  (1809). 

Outis  (Greek  for  "nobody"),  a 
name  assumed  by  Odysseus  ( Ulysses)  in 
the  cave  of  Polypheme  (8  syL),  When 
the  monster  rosdred  with  pain  from  the 
loss  of  his  eye,  his  brother  giants  de- 
manded who  was  hurting  him.  "  Outis  ** 
(Nobody),  thundered  out  Polvpheme,  and 
his  companions  left  him. — Homer,  OdyS' 
sey, 

Outram  (Lance),  park-keeper  to  sir 
(Seoflfrey  Peveril.— Sir  W.  Scott,  PeverU 
of  the  Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Over  the  Hills  and  Far  Away* 

— Faiquhar,  The  Recruiting  Officer  (17(1^. 

Overdees  (Rowley),  a  highwayman. 
— Sir  W.  Scott,  Quy  Mannering  (time, 
George  II.). 

O'verdo  (Justice),  in  Ben  Jonson'a 
Bartholomew  Fair  (1614). 

Orerdone  (Mistress),  a  bawd.— 
Shakespeare,  Measure  for  Measure  (1603). 

Overreach  (Br  Giles),  Wcllbom's 
uncle.  An  unscrupulous,  hard-hearted 
rascal,  grospinff  and  proud.  He  ruined 
the  estates  both  of  Wellborn  and  All- 
worth,  and  by  overreaching  grew  enor- 
mously rich.  His  ambition  was  to  see 
his  dau^ter  Margaret  marry  a  peer ; 
but  the  overreacher  was  overreached. 
Thinking  Wellborn  was  about  to  marry 
the  rich  dowager  A 11  worth,  he  not  only 
paid  all  his  debts,  but  supplied  his  pre- 
sent wants  most  liberally,  under  the 
delusion  "if  she  prove  his,  all  that  is  hera 
is  mine.'*  Having  thus  done,  he  finds 
that  lady  Allworth  does  not  marry  Well- 
bom  but  lord  Lovell.  In  regard  to 
Margaret,  fancying  she  was  sure  to  marry 
lord  Lovell,  he  gives  his  full  consent  to 
her  marriage  ;  but  finds  she  returns  from 
church  not  lady  Lovell  but  Mrs.  All- 
worth. — Massinger,  A  New  Way  to  Pay 
Old  Debts  (1638). 


OVERS. 718 

%♦  The  prototrpe  of  "sir  GUe*  Over- 
mch**  WM  sir  Giles  Mompesson,  a  osnrer 
oatlawed  for  his  misdeeds. 

WbM  KmbM*  ptared  "^  Gflm  OvamMh."  to  vu 
uuloM  M  rwftimtmt  the  pvt  m  H«Mlenoa  ri747'17m 
bad  doM  it.  Md  wroto  to  Mm  lochlMU  to  know  "  what 
kind  of  a  hat  Mr.  Hcndenoo  wore ;  vliat  kind  of  vis; 
envat.  rafllot.  elotliM.  ttocktafi  wtth  or  without  dodu. 
■qvara  or  roniMl-toed  alioei.  I  diall  b«  mmgf  if  I 
liave  not  an  Mca  of  Um  drea.  creo  to  tho  ihape  of  hit 
tmiftlH  and  what  rings  ha  wort  on  hit  lianda.  Morottt' 
I  and  cnidtjr  taooa  tlie  groundwork  of  this  monstroua 


OX 


Sfnre;  bat  I  am  at  a  low  to  know  whalber.  in  eoprinc  it. 
I  thoald  draw  the  lines  that  nprati  hb  oamrtmf  to  lord 
Lord  (del  with  an  esagprBted  itrongth  or  not.  .  .  ." 
Mrs.  IndiViakr*  ainwer^  nnlortttnatdy  losL— W.  a 
BmhH,  Afl/ii^RtsnfnffM  Attt^t, 

I  taw  KMnbto  plav^dr  GDm  OrerraMh'ktt  nlitfit; 
hat  ha  eama  not  within  a  bmdrBd  anlkf  of  O.  P.  Cooka 
firaS-lSISi  wbota  terrible  ritast.  and  short,  ahmpt  otter, 
ance,  gave  a  reallijr  to  that  atrodoot  diaracter.  KemUe 
wkt  toe  handeoine,  too  plandlile,  and  too  laooth.— ffir 
W.  ftoott. 

Overs  (John)y  a  ferryman,  who  used 
to  fcny  passengers  from  Sonthwark  to 
the  City,  and  accumulated  a  considerable 
hoard  of  money  by  his  sarings.  On  one 
occasion,  to  save  the  expense  of  board, 
he  simulated  death,  expecting  his  ser- 
vants would  fast  till  he  was  buried  ;  but 
they  broke  into  his  larder  and  cellar,  and 
held  riot.  When  the  old  miser  could 
bear  it  no  longer,  he  started  up,  and  be- 
laboured his  servants  right  and  left ;  but 
one  of  them  struck  the  old  man  with  an 
oar,  and  killed  him. 

Mary  OverSy  the  beautiful  daughter  of 
the  ferryman.  Her  lover,  hastening  to 
town,  was  thrown  from  his  horse,  and 
died.  She  then  became  a  nun,  and 
founded  the  church  of  St.  Mary  Overs*  on 
the  site  of  her  fether^s  house. 

Overton  {Colonel)^  one  of  Cromweirs 
officers.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Woodstock  (time, 
Commonwealth). 

Ovid  (2^  French),  Du  BelUy;  also 
called  *<The  Father  of  Grace  and  Ele- 
gance" (1624-1660). 

Ovid  and  Oorinna.  Ovid  dis- 
guises, under  the  name  of  Corinna,  the 
daughter  of  Augustus,  named  Julia,  noted 
for  her  beauty,  talent,  and  licentiousnera. 
Some  say  that  Corinna  was  Livia  the  wife 
of  Augustus. — Amor.,  i.  6. 

So  waa  her  heawnljr  body  eomelf  raited 
OntwofaireoohrauMt;  thoee  that  Odd  |>i  altud 
In  Jalla'i  borrowed  name. 

Ovo.  Ab  ovo  usqite  ad  mala  (^*from 
tiie  egg  to  the  apple"))  from  tiie  beginning 
to  the  end  of  a  feast  or  meal.  The  Romans 
began  their  entertainments  with  eg^s,  and 
ended  with  fruits. — Horace,  SaL,  i.  8,  6  ; 
Cicero,  Fam,,  ix.  20. 

O'wain  (Sir),  the  Irish  knight  of  king 
Stephen's  court,  who  passed  through  St. 
Patrick's  purgatory  by  way  of  penance* 


—Henry  of  Saltzey,  HkeDemieiUof  Ovam 
(1163). 

O'weenee,  the  youngest  of  ten  sis- 
ters, all  of  sorpassingbeaaty.  Shenarried 
Osseo,  who  was  *'  old,  poor,  and  ugly,** 
bnt'*mo8tbeauUfnl  within.**  (SeeOasKO.) 
— Longfellow,  HkncathOj  xiL  (1865). 

Owen  (Sam),  groom  of  Danie  Latimer, 
t.tf.  sir  Arthur  Darsie  Bedgaontlet. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  RedgauntUt  (time,  Geoige  HI.). 

Owen,  confidential  clerk  of  Mr.  Os- 
baldistone,  senior.— Sir  W,  Scott,  Bd> 
Roy  (time,  (veoi^  I.). 

Choen  (Sir)  passed  in  dream  throogh 
St.  Patrick's  purgatory.  He  passed  the 
convent  gate,  and  the  warden  placed  him 
in  a  coffin.  When  the  priests  had  sung 
over  him  the  service  of  the  dead,  they 
placed  the  coffin  in  a  cave,  and  sir  Owen 
made  his  descent.  He  came  first  to  an 
ice  desert,  and  received  three  warnings 
to  retreat,  but  the  warnings  were  not 
heeded,  and  a  mountain  of  ice  fell  on 
him.  * '  Lord,  Thou  canst  save !  **  he  ciied 
as  the  ice  fell,  and  the  solid  mountain  be- 
came like  dust,  and  did  sir  Owen  no  harm. 
He  next  came  to  a  lake  of  fire,  and  a 
demon  pushed  him  in.  **Lord,  Thon 
canst  save ! "  he  cried,  and  an^ls  carried 
him  to  paradise.  He  woke  with  ecstasy, 
and  found  himself  lying  before  the  cavern's 
mouth.— R.  Southey,  St.  Patrick's  Pvr- 
gatory  (fh>m  the  Fehliaux  ot  Moo.  le 
Grand). 

Owen  Meredith^  Robert  Buhrer 
Lytton,  afterwards  lord  Ljrtton,  son  ot 
the  poet  and  novelist  (1881-       ). 

Owl  (The),  sacred  to  Minerva,  was 
the  emblem  of  Athens. 

Owto  hoot  In  Bb  and  G^.  w  to  Pjf  and  Ab.— Ban 
O.  White,  Naturta  HUtorp  tf  S^hann,  zhr.  <178^ 

Owl  a  Baker's  Daughter  (7^). 

Our  Lord  once  went  into  a  baker*s  shop 

to  ask  for  bread.    The  mistress  instantly 

put  a  cake  in  the  oven  for  Him,  but  the 

daughter^  thinking  it  to  be  too  large, 

reduced  it  to  half  the  size.    The  dou|rh, 

however,  swelled  to  an  enormous  bulk, 

and  the  daughter  cried  out,   "Heugh! 

heughl   heu^I"  and  was  transformed 

into  an  owl. 

Well,  God  'ieM  yool    Th«jr  tajr  tho  owl  vat  a  bakar^ 
da^t«r.-«haketpaBra,  ifaiiiM  (UMk 


Ox  (The  Dumb),  St.  Thomas  Aqui'nas; 

so  named  by  his  fellow-students  on  ac- 

count  of  his  taciturnity  (1224-1274). 

An  ox  oooe  apoke  at  leaned  nteo  ddtrer.— Beanmont 
and  Fletcher.  iSMte  a  Wi/9  a$td  Bawt  a  irv*^  tS.  1  (1S40). 

Ox,     The  black  ox  hath  trod  on  hisfoot^ 


OXFORD. 


719 


P. 


b«  ha*  mmrried  and  is  hen-pecked ;  cala- 
mity has  befallen  him.  The  black  ox  was 
sacriAced  to  the  infemals,  and  was  con- 
sequently held  accursed.  When  Tusser 
says  the  best  way  to  thrive  is  to  get 
married,  the  objector  says : 

Wtar,  flien.  do  folk  tbb  Drorerb  pott 
"A*  bfaKk  ox  now  trod  on  thjr  fooc." 


If  that  waf  ««n  to  thrive  t 

WMmg  amd  ThrMnf,  ML  (UB7). 
Tha  Mack  oae  had  Bot  trodo  oa  hit  or  her  foot* ; 
Bat  ore  bit  Ivanch  of  Ueae  ooold  reaeh  anjr  rooter 
Tbe  tkrwtn  w  hded,  that  In  flitoen  weekeg 
A  anaa  adght  eopjr  the  dians»  In  the  cbeeket 
Both  of  the  poora  wietch  and  hb  wife. 

Hejrwood  (16M). 

Oxford  (John  earl  ofl,  an  exiled  Lan- 
castrian. He  appears  witii  his  son  Arthur 
as  a  travelling  merchant,  under  the  name 
<tf  Philipson. 

'^f*  The  son  of  the  merchant  Philipaon 
is  sir  Arthur  de  Vere. 

J%eooiunUss  of  Oxford^  wife  of  the  earl. 
— Sir  W.  Scott,  Anne  of  Oeterstein  (time, 
Edward  lY.). 

Oxford  (The  young  earl  of) ^  in  the  court 
of  queen  Elizabeth. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Kenil- 
worth  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Oxford  Boat  Cre^nr,  dark  blue. 
Cambridge  boat  crew,  Itaht  blue. 

*«*  Oxford  Blues,  ue  Royal  Horse 
Guards. 

Oxford  TTniversity,  said  to  have 
been  founded  by  king  Alfred,  in  886. 

.  .  .  rdtslova  Alfred  .  .  '. 
BoacvnM  Odbid  boflt  to  ApoUo'i teamed  brood; 
Airi  on  tha  haSowed  bank  of  Mi' soodtr  flood. 
Worthy  the  gkuioue  ana.  dM  gorceoue  bowen  provMaw 
Dcartan,  FolpeUiom,  tL  {IgUi. 

Oyster.  Pistol  says,  "The  world's 
mine  oyster,  which  I  vrith  sword  will 
open.'*  He  alludes  to  the  proverb,  "The 
mayor  of  Northampton  opens  ovsters  with 
his  dagger,"  for,  Northampton  being  some 
eigfa^  miles  from  the  sea,  ojrsters  were 
so  stole  before  they  reached  the  town 
(before  railroads  or  even  coaches  were 
known),  that  the  "mayor"  would  be 
loth  to  bring  them  near  his  nose. 

Oysters.  Those  most  esteemed  by 
the  Komans  were  the  oysters  of  Cyzicuro, 
in  Bithynia,  and  of  Lucrinum,  in  Apulia, 
upon  the  Adriatic  Sea.  The  best  in 
Britain  used  to  be  the  oysters  of  Walfleet, 
near  Colchester. 

ThlnkToa  oar  oftban  here  imworthY  otfoat  pratel 
Para  WnlfleeC  .  .  .  m  caeeUent  a*  iJioae  .  .  . 


IheQrsiaaheUi^ortheeeontheLncriaian 

Draytoo.  PtlpoMon,  xiz.  (ISSf). 

*«*  The  oysters  most  esteemed  by 
Englishmen  arc  the  Whitstable,  which 
fetch  a  fabulous  price.  Colchester  oysters 
(natwes)  in  1876  were  sold  at  4^.  a  dozen. 


Osair  (2  syl,)^  a  prophet.  One  day, 
riding  on  an  ass  by  the  ruins  of  Jerusa- 
lem, after  its  destruction  b^  the  Chal- 
deans, he  doubted  in  his  mmd  whether 
God  could  raise  the  city  up  again. 
Whereupon  (jod  caused  him  to  die,  and 
he  remained  dead  a  hundred  years,  but 
was  then  restored  to  life.  He  found  the 
basket  of  figs  and  cruse  of  wine  as  fresh 
as  when  he  died,  but  his  ass  was  a  mass 
of  bones.  While  he  still  looked,  the  dry 
bones  came  together,  received  life,  and 
the  resuscitated  ass  began  to  bray.  The 
prophet  no  longer  doubted  the  power  of 
God  to  raise  up  Jerusalem  from  its  ruins. 
— At  Kordny  ii.  (Sale's  notes). 

*^*  This  legend  is  based  on  Neh,  ii. 
12-20. 


P. 

P.  Placentius  the  dominican  wrote  a 
poem  of  263  Latin  hexameters,  called 
Pvgna  Porcorwny  every  word  of  which 
begins  with  the  letter  p  (died  1548).  It 
b^ns  thus : 

Plaudlta,  PoroeDI,  pwummu  plgrn  propage 

wt  ,       —      Sta     ■■  -  ^  — 

iTugremtiir  ...  etc 

There  was  one  composed  in  honour  of 
Charles  le  Chauve,  every  word  of  which 
began  with  o. 

The  best-known  alliterative  poem  in 
English  is  the  following : — 

An  Aastiian  anof .  awftafiy  anajre^ 

Boldly  bjr  battec7  bede«ed  BelRTade. 

Ooenck  commandew,  cannonadlno;  cooM. 

Deallnt  dcatmctlon'a  devaeUting  doom ; 

Bvenr  endeavour  engineers  enajr 

For  mme.  for  fortaine.  forming  fMnoi  fna. 

Oannt  gunnen  grapple,  giving  gaihes  good 

Heaves  high  hit  beadberok:  hardlhoodL 

Ibrsluun.  Islam.  IsmaeU  imps  in  ill. 

Jostle  John  JarovUts,  Jem,  Joe.  Jack.  JIQ : 

Kick  kindling  Kotueuff,  kfaiRi'  klnonen  klU ; 

Laboor  low  levels  loftleet.  longest  lines ; 

Men  march  'mid  moles,  'mid  moandi,  *mhl  murdaw 

mines. 
Nov  olghtiure  nl^  now  needfbl  nature  nods. 
Opposed,  orposlag.  ovarcomhig  odds. 


Poor  peasant*,  partly  pnrehased,  partly  ptcsaed. 
Quite  quaking,  ^'  Qoarter  I  Quarter  I"  quickly  quest 
Reason  returns,  reealk  redundant  rage^ 
Saves  sinking  sokliera,  saltans  signlon  MR. 
Trace.  Turkqr.  tnicel  trace,  treacherous  Ikrtar  train  I 
Unwise,  unjust,  unmerdftd  Ukraine  I 
Vanish,  vfle  vengeance !  vanish,  victory  vain  t 
Wisdom  walls  war— walls  warring  words.    What  vera 
Xerxes.  XantlppA.  Ximente,  Xaviert 
Yet  Yas^  youth,  ye  yield  your  routliftd  yert. 
Zaalooriy.  sanies,  zealously,  searii  sent. 
From  H.  Soathcste.  A/aitjr  TkoughU  en  Mamft  TMm§K 

Tusser  has  a  poem  of  twelve  lines,  in 
rhyme,  every  word  of  which  begins  ¥rith 
t.  The  subject  is  on  Thriftmess  (died 
1680). 


Fa. 


7t0 


PAGE. 


F's  {The  FiM),  Willimin  Oxbenry, 
printer,  poet,  publisher,  publican,  and 
player  (1784-1824). 

Paohe  (/.  ITicoku),  a  Swisi  V  ^i^* 
He  was  minister  of  war  in  1792,  and 
maire  de  Faris  1798.  Pache  hated  the 
Girondists,  and  at  &e  fall  of  Danton  was 
imprisoned.  After  his  liberation,  he 
retired  to  Th7m-le-Montieni  (in  the 
Ardennes),  and  died  in  obscurity  (1740- 
1823). 

Svbi  PMibe  rits  drnk-haBdel  tntA  tte  wondf  oThb 
awn  allr  lor  hnmlBty  of  BdmL  . .  .  8tt  Atn,  Ttftuft, 
UU  WMlML<^CKlrle. 


Faoiflo  (The)f  Amadens  YIII.  oonnt 
of  Savoy  (1888,  1891-1489,  abdicated 
and  died  146l}. 

Frederick  III.  emperor  of  Germany 
(1415,  1440-1498). 

Olaos  111.  of  Norway  (*,  1080-1098). 

Pao'olet,  a  dwarf,  **fnU  of  great 
sense  and  subtle  ingenuity."  He  had  an 
enchanted  horse,  made  of  wood,  with 
which  he  carri^  off  Valentine,  Orson, 
and  Clerimond  from  the  dungeon  of 
FerrXgus.  This  horse  is  often  alluded  to. 
**  To  ride  Paoolet*s  horse  **  is  a  phrase  for 
gomfj  very  fast, —  Vaiemime  ami  Orson 
(fifteenth  century). 

Faoolety  a  familiar  spirit — Steele,  The 
TaUer  (1709). 

Paooiet  or  Nick  STBUMPFsm,  the  dwarf 
servant  of  Noma  <*of  the  Fitful  Head.** 
—Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Pirate  (time,  William 
III.). 

Paoomo  (^•))  an  Egyptian,  who  lived 
in  the  fourth  century,  it  is  said  that  he 
could  walk  among  serpents  unhurt ;  and 
when  he  had  occasion  to  cross  the  Nile, 
he  was  caitied  on  the  back  of  a  crocodile. 

The  bcmrft  Ml  on  hb  knees  beloN  an  fnmtga  of  8t 
Fboooio.  which  wMghMd  to  the  walL— LencB.  eu  Shu. 
hr.  •  (1714). 

Paotolus  (now  called  Bagouly),  a 
river  of  Lydia,  in  Asia  Minor,  which  was 
sud  to  flow  over  golden  sand. 

Pad'alon,  the  HindO  hell,  under  the 
earth.  It  has  ei^ht  gates,  each  of  which 
is  guarded  by  a  gigantic  deity.  Described 
by  Southey,  in  cantos  xxii.,  xxiii.  of  The 
Ouree  of  Kehama  (1809). 

Paddington  (ffarry),  one  of  Mac- 
heath's  gang  of  thieves.  Peachum  de- 
scribes him  as  a  '*poor,  petty-larceny 
rascal,  without  the  least  genius.  That 
fellow,'*  he  says,  "though  he  were  to  live 
for  six  months,  would  never  come  to  the 
gallows  with  credit**  (act  i.  1). — Gay, 
The  Beggar's  Opera  (1727). 


Paddington  Fair,  a  public 
tion.  Tybom  is  in. the  parish  of  Pad- 
dington. Public  executions  weieaboliahed 
in  1868. 

Padd^T,  an  Irishman.  A  eormpdon 
of  Padhrigy  Irish  for  Patrick. 

Padlock  {The),  a  comic  opera  by 
Bickerstaif.  Don  Diego  (2  sy/.),  a 
wealthy  lord  of  60,  saw  a  country  maiden 
named  Leonora,  to  whom  he  took  a  fancy, 
and  arranged  with  the  parents  to  take 
her  home  with  him  and  place  her  undei 
the  charge  of  a  duenna  for  three  months, 
to  see  if  her  temper  was  as  sweet  as  her 
fMe  was  pret^;  and  then  either  "to 
return  her  to  them  spotless,  or  make  her 
his  lawful  wife.**  At  the  expiration  of 
the  time,  the  don  went  to  arrange  with 
the  parents  for  the  wedding,  and  locked 
up  his  house,  giving  the  keys  to  Ursula 
the  duenna.  To  make  surance  doubly 
sure,  he  put  a  padlock  on  the  outer  door, 
and  took  the  key  with  him.  Leander, 
a  young  student  smitten  with  the  damsel, 
laughed  at  locksmiths  and  duennas,  and, 
having  guned  admission  into  the  house, 
was  detected  by  don  Diego,  who  returned 
unexpectedly.  The  old  don,  being  a  maa 
of  sense,  at  once  perceived  that  Leander 
was  a  more  suitable  bridegroom  tham  him- 
self, so  he  not  only  sanctioned  the  alliance, 
but  gave  Leonora  a  handsome  wedding 
dowry  (1768). 

PsBan,  the  physidan  of  the  immertala. 

Pflda'na,  daughter  of  Corflambo,  *'  fair 
as  ever  yet  saw  living  e^**  but  *'too 
loose  of  life  and  eke  too  light.'*'  P«eana 
fell  in  love  with  Amias,  a  captive  in  her 
father's  dungeon ;  but  Amias  bad  no  heart 
to  give  awav.  When  PlacTdas  was  brought 
captive  before  Pseana,  she  mistook  him 
for  Amias,  and  married  him.  The  poet 
adds,  that  she  thenceforth  so  reformed  her 
ways  "that  all  men  much  admired  the 
chuige,  and  spake  her  praise." — Spenser, 
Fiiery  Queen,  iv.  9  (1596). 

Pagan,  a  fay  who  loved  the  princess 
Imis;  but  Imis'r^ected  his  suit,  as  she 
loved  her  cousin  Fhilax.  Pagan,  out  of 
revenge,  shut  them  up  in  a  superb  crystal 
palace,  which  contained  every  delight 
except  that  of  leaving  it.  In  tne  course 
of  a  few  years,  Imis  and  Philax  longed 
as  much  for  a  separation  as,  at  one  time, 
they  wished  to  be  united.  —  Comtesse 
D' Annoy,  Fairy  Tales  ("Palace  of  Re- 
venge," 1682). 

Page  (Mr,),  a  gentleman  living  at 


PAGE. 


721    PAINTERS'  CHARACTERISTICS. 


Windsor.  WkeB  sir  John  FalsUff  made 
lore  to  Mrs.  Piige,  Page  himself  assnmed 
th«  DAine  of  Bruok,  Uy  oatwit  Ui«  knight. 
Sir  John  told  the  supposed  Brook  his 
whele  *'oottne  of  w^i^,"*  and  how 
nicely  he  was  bambooxling  the  husband. 
On  one  occasion,  he  sajrs,  **  I  was  carried 
out  in  a  buck-basket  of  dirty  linen  before 
^e  very  eyes  of  Page^  and  the  delnded 
hnsbnnd  did  not  know  it."  Of  course, 
air  John  is  thoroughly  outwitted  and 
played  upon,  being  made  the  butt  of  the 
whole  Tillage. 

Mrs.  Page^  wife  of  Mr.  Page,  of  Wind- 
sor. When  sir  John  Falstaff  made  lo%'e 
to  her,  she  joined  with  Mrs.  Ford  to  dupe 
him  and  punish  him. 

Atme  Page,  daughter  of  the  abore,  in 
lore  with  F^ton.  Slender  calls  her 
**  the  sweet  Anne  Page.** 

WiUiam  Page,  Anne's  brother,  a  school- 
boy. —  Shakespeare,  Mmry  Www  of 
Wmd$0r  (16M). 

Pm€  <52r  Francis)^  called  "  The  Hang- 
ing Judge  "^  (1661-1741). 

Bbuider  aadl  poiaoa  dreRd  from  DoBa'k  nisa ; 
Baid  words  or  haoflug  if  jour  JudfB  be  Paga. 

Pope. 


_  {The  hdy),  one  of  the  ladies 
of  the  bedchamber  in  aueen  Elizabeth's 
court. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Kenihcorth  (time, 
EUzabeth). 

Fainted  Chamber  {The),  an  apart- 
ment in  the  old  Koyal  Palace  of  West- 
minaler,  the  walls  of  which  were  painted 
chiefly  with  battle-scenes,  in  six  bands, 
somewhat  similar  to  the  Bayeaux  ta- 
pestry. 

Painted  Miaohief^  pl^sring  cards. 


ai«  piMitj  of  «B|s  of  gaaibllng  .  .  .  witkoot 
to  the  "iiAinted  miachief,"  which  wu  not  In- 
reirted  for  the  benoAt  oT  king  Charles  Tl.  of  Frmnoe.— 
HMch8.un. 


Painter  of  ITature.  RemiBellean, 
one  of  the  Pleiad  poets,  is  so  called  (1528- 
1577). 

The  Shepheardes  Calendar,  by  Spenser, 
is  laigely  Dorrowed  from  Belleans  Song 
i^  April, 

Painter  of  the  Oraoea^  Androa 
Appiani  (1764-1817). 

Painters. 

A  bee,  Qnintin  Matsys,  the  Dutch 
painter,  painted  a  bee  so  well  that  the 
artist  Mandyn  thought  it  a  real  bee,  and 
proceeded  to  brush  it  away  with  his 
handkerchief  a460<1529). 

A  Cwo,  liyro  carved  a  cow  so  true 
to  nature  that  bolls  mistook  it  for  a  living 
(ax.  431). 


A  CwrMd^,  Panhasios  painted  a  cap- 
tain so  admirably  that  even  Zeuxis,  the 
artist,  mistook  it  for  real  drapery  (b.c. 
400). 

A  Fly,  George  Alexander  Stevens  says, 
in  his  Lectnree  on  Heads : 


1  havoheud  of  a  eonnolflBaar  who  wm  om  dajr  to  aa 
aaetion-roo«  where  there  was  as  Inimitable  pkee  of 
painting  of  fruits  and  Sowers.  The  connotsssT  would 
not  give  hb  opinion  of  ttie  pictore  till  he  had  flnt  ex- 
aadaed  the  oataiogiie:  and  ttading  it  ww  done  taf  aa 
Kngiishman.  he  pulled  out  his  eye-fl^ss.  **0h.  air." 
says  be.  "thoee  English  IbOows  have  no  more  Idea  of 
miw  than  a  Dntoh  skipiier  has  of  daadng  a  eocUllott. 
The  dog  has  spoiled  a  fine  piece  of  cnnras;  lie  is  won* 
than  a  Harp  Alley  siim-poet  dauber.  There's  no  keeping, 
no  peispem»e.  no  fersgroiuid.  Why.  there  now,  the 
fsUow  has  actually  attempted  to  paiut  «  Sy  upon  Uwt 
rosebod.  Why,  It  is  no  more  like  a  fly  than  I  am  like 
;"  b«t,as  heappraaBbed  his  flivsr  to  tha  pkt 


thol|ylewaw«y(177aK 


plctur*, 


Grapes,  Zeuxis  (2  sgl,),  a  Grecian 
painter,  painted  some  grapes  so  well  that 
birds  came  and  pecked  at  them,  thinking 
them  real  grapes  (b.c.  400). 

A  Horse,  Apellds  painted  Alexander's 
horse  Bncephiuos  so  true  to  life  that 
some  mares  came  up  to  die  canvas  neigh- 
ing, under  the  supposition  that  it  was  a 
real  animal  (about  b.c.  834). 

A  Man,  Velasquez  painted  a  Spanish 
admiral  so  true  to  life  that  when  king 
Felipe  lY.  entered  the  studio,  he  mis- 
took the  painting  for  the  man,  and 
began  reprovine  the  supposed  officer  for 
neglecting  his  duty,  in  wasting  his  time 
in  the  studio,  when  be  ought  to  have  been 
with  his  fleet  (1690-1660). 

Accidental  ejects  m  painting, 

Apell^,  being  at  a  loss  to  paint  the 
foam  of  Alexander's  horse,  dashed  his 
bru^  at  the  picture  in  a  fit  of  annoyance, 
and  did  by  accident  what  his  skill  had 
foiled  to  do  (about  b.€.  884). 

The  same  tale  is  told  of  Protog'en^ 
who  dashed  his  brush  at  a  picture,  and 
thus  produced  **the  foam  of  a  dog*s 
mouth,"  which  he  had  long  been  trsring 
in  vain  to  represent  (about  b.c.  382). 

Painters  {Prince  of),  Parrhasios  and 
Apell^  are  both  so  called  (fourth  century* 

B.O.). 

Paintera*  Characteriatics. 

Amgblo  {Michael)',  an  iron  frame, 
strongly  developed  muscles,  and  an  ana- 
tomical display  of  the  human  figure. 
The  iEschylos  of  painters  (1474-1564). 

Carragci  :  eclectic  artists,  who  picked 
out  and  pieced  together  parts  taken  from 
Correggio,  RaphMl,  Titian,  and  other 
ffreat  artists.  If  Michael  Angelo  is  the 
^schylos  of  artists,  and  Kapbael  the 
Sophocl^j  the  Carracci  may  be  called 
tiM  Eoripid^  of  painters.    1  know  not 

8  A 


r WINTERS'  CHARACTERISTICS.    722 


PALAUEDES. 


way  io  Kngland  the  name  is  spelt  with 
only  one  r. 

CoKitJEGOio :  known  by  bis  wonderful 
foreshorten ings,  his  magnificent  light  and 
•»bade.  He  is,  however,  very  monotonous 
(1494-1634). 

Cromk  (John)  :  an  old  woman  in  a  red 
cloak  walking  up  an  avenue  of  trees 
(1769-1821). 

Dav  ID :  noted  for  his  stiff,  dry,  pedantic, 
'*  highly  classic  **  st}'le,  according  to  the 
interpretation  of  the  phrase  by  the  French 
in  the  first  Revolution  (1748-1825). 

DoiX/'K  {Cario) :  famous  for  his  Ma- 
donnas, which  are  all  finished  with  most 
extraordinary  delicacy  (1616-1686). 

Domexichi'ko  :  famed  for  his  fres- 
coes, correct  in  design,  and  fresh  in 
colouring  (1581-1641). 

GuiDO :  his  speciality  is  a  pallid  or 
blnish-comple^cioncd  saint,  with  saucer  or 
uplifted  eyes  (1574-1642). 

Holbein  :  characterized  by  bold  relief^ 
exquisite  finish,  force  of  conception,  deli- 
cacy of  tone,  and  dark  background 
(1498-1554). 

Lorraine  {Claude) :  a  Greek  temple 
on  a  hill,  with  sunn;^  and  highly  finished 
classic  scenery'.  Aenal  perspective  (1600- 
1682). 

MuRiLLo:  a  brown-faced  Madonna 
(16l»-1682). 

Omhbganck  :  sheep  (1775-1826). 

Pkruoino  (Pietro) ;  known  by  his 
narrow,  contracted  figures  and  scrimpy 
drapery  (1446-1524). 

PoussiN  :  famous  for  his  classic  style. 
Reynolds  says :  **  No  works  of  any 
modem  have  so  much  the  air  of  antique 
painting  as  those  of  Poussin**  (1593- 
1665). 

PoussiN  (Gaspar) :  a  landscape  painter, 
the  very  opposite  of  CUudc  Lorraine.  He 
seems  to  have  drawn  Lis  inspiration  from 
Hcr\'ey'8  Jfeditationii  Amun^  t/te  ToinbSf 
Blair's  (/raw,  Young's  Night  ThowjUta^ 
and  Burton's  Attatomy  of  Melancholy 
(1613-1676). 

Raphael  :  the  Sophoclds  of  painters. 
Angelo's  figures  are  all  giganteeque  and 
ideal,  like  Uiose  of  il^lschylos.  Raphael's 
are  perfect  human  beings  (1483-1520). 

Reynolds:  a  portrait-painter.  He 
presents  his  portraits  in  bal  masqu^^  not 
always  suggestive  either  of  the  rank  or 
character  of  the  person  represented. 
There  is  about  the  same  analogy  between 
Watteau  and  Reynolds,  as  between 
Claude  Lorraine  and  Gaspar  Poussin 
(1723-1792). 

RoaA    (Salvator):    dark,    inscratabte 


met  ores,  relieved  by  dabs  of  .palette* 
knife.  He  is  fond  of  savage  scenery, 
broken  rocks,  wild  caverns,  blasted 
heaths,  and  so  on  (1615-1673). 

Rubens  :  patches  of  vermillion  dabbed 
about  tiie  human  figure,  wholly  out  of 
harroonv  with  the  rest  of  the  colouring 
(1577-1640>. 

Stbbn  (fan) :  an  old  woman  peeling 
vegetables,  vrith  another  old  woman 
looking  at  her  (163&-1679). 

Tintorbtti:  full  of  wUd  fantastical 
inventions.  He  is  called  "  The  Lightning 
of  the  PencU  "  (151^1694). 

Titian  :  notled  for  his  broad  shadca 
of  divers  gradations  (1477-1576). 

Yekonesb  (Paul)  :  noted  for  hb  great 
want  of  historical  correctness  and  elegance 
of  design  ;  but  he  abounds  in  spirited 
banqueto,  sumptuous  edifices,  brilliant 
aerial  spectres,  magnificent  robes,  gaud, 
and  jeweUery  (1580-1588). 

Wattkau  :  noted  for  hi»  fetes  aalaitieSj 
ftmcy-ball  costumes,  and  generally  gala- 
day  figures  (1684-1721). 


Tha  eoloiirinf  of  TiUaii.  Um  vxpnmHou  of 
graeo  of  Bijphari,  the  pnrltr  of  DomenicfaiDO^  the 
^ofd^  of  Oorreg^o,  tko  kaniiiig  of  Poooin,  the  ain  of 
Guido.  the  tatte  of  tibe  Camehi  [ttel  the  pmad  oontour 
of  Anselo.  ...  the  briUfauit  troth  of  a  Wtttrnt,  tt» 
toudiing  grace  of  •  Se]niolda.-.8terae. 

Faix  des  Dames  (Xa),  the  treaty 
of  peace  concluded  at  Cambray  in  1529, 
between  Francois  I.  of  France  and  Kan 
V.  emperor  ox  Germany.  So  called  be- 
cause It  was  mainly  negotiated  by  Loidae 
of  Savoy  (mother  of  the  French  king) 
and  Margaret  the  emperor's  aunt. 

Paladore,  a  Briton  in  the  service  of 
the  king  of  Lombardy.  One  day,  in  a 
boar-hunt^  the  boar  turned  on  the  prin- 
cess Sophia,  and,  having  gored  her  hone 
to  death,  was  about  to  attack  the  lady, 
but  was  slain  by  the  young  Britoiu 
Between  these  two  young  people  a  strong 
attachment  sprang  up ;  but  the^  duke 
Bire'no,  by  an  artifice  of  false  imper- 
sonation, induced  Paladore  to  believe  that 
the  princess  was  a  wanton,  and  had  the 
audacity  to  accuse  her  as  such  to  the 
senate.  In  Lombardy,  the  ptmishment 
for  this  offence  was  deathj  and  the  prin- 
cess was  ordered  to  execnbon.  Paladore, 
having  learned  Uie  truth,  accused  the 
duke  of  villainy.  They  fought,  and 
Bireno  fell.  The  princess,  being  cleared 
of  the  charge,  married  Paladore. — Robert 
Jephson,  Ia«  Law  of  Lombardy  (1779). 

Palame'dea  (4  sy/.),  son  of  Nao- 
plios,  was,  according  to  Suidas,  the  '~ 
ventor  cit  dice.    (See  Auea.) 


IMmte 


hadl ;  banc  fthmfiUtAOmd 


FALAMBDE8. 


7S8 


PAUNODE. 


IVdmb  •Dim  I 


WWMtiO—  B^M  infMliO  iBfCBlt. 

tcrmtrli,  daodeiutftat  nuiuciui 

na  eC  arateia  in  m  mnmrn  niafc 

atalte  pkuielaninL    Tarrta  ett  aldUido  cosli.  ex 

— IIWM  bona  cC  Biak  np«iMlniitiir<— aokiai  (WoVs 

Paiam^des  {8ir)^  a  Sancen,  who 
adored  Isolde  the  wife  of  king  Mark  of 
CornwalL  Sir  Tristrem  also  loved  the 
■ame  ladv*  who  was  his  aunt.  The  two 
"  lovers  *'  fought,  and  sir  Palamedds, 
being  overcome,  was  compelled  to  turn 
Quistian.  He  was  baptized,  and  sir 
Tristrem  stood  his  sponsor  at  tae  font. — 
Thomas  of  Erceldoune,  called  "The 
Rhymer,"  Sr  Tristrem  (thirteenth  cen- 
toiy). 

Falame'des  of  Lombardy,  one 
of  the  allies  of  the  Christian  army  m  the 
first  crusade.  He  was  shot  by  Corinda 
with  an  arrow  (bk.  xL). — Tasso,  Jervn 
9aiem  Ddioered  (1575). 

Pal'amoii  and  Aroite  (2  sy/.),  two 
Toong  Theban  knights,  who  fell  into  the 
hands  of  duke  Theseus  (2  sy/.),  and  were 
bv  him  confined  in  a  dungeon  at  Athens. 
Hera  they  saw  the  duke*s  sister4n-law 
Emily,  with  whom  both  fell  in  love. 
When  released  from  captivity,  the  two 
knights  told  to  the  duke  their  tale  of 
love ;  and  the  duke  promised  that  which- 
ever proved  the  victor  in  single  combat, 
should  have  Emily  for  his  prize.  Arcite 
prayed  to  Mars  "for  victory,*'  and  Pala- 
mon  to  Venus  that  he  might  "obtain 
the  lady,**  and  both  their  prayers  were 
granted*  Arcite  won  the  victory,  ac- 
cording to  his  prater,  but,  being  thrown 
from  his  horse,  died ;  so  Palamon.  after 
all,  "  won  the  lady,**  though  he  did  not 
win  the  battle.— Chancer,  Canterbury 
TaieM  ("  The  Knight's  Tale,**  1388). 

This  tale  is  taken  from  the  Le  Teteide 
of  Boccaccio, 

The  Stack  JTbrw,  a  drama  by  John 
Jletcber,  is  the  same  tale.  Richard 
Edwards  has  a  eonedy  called  Pakmon 
amd  Arcyte  (1566). 

Pale  (The)  or  The  English  Palk, 
a  part  of  Ireland,  including  Dublin, 
Meath,  Carlow,  Kilkenny,  and  Louth. 

Pale  Faces.  So  the  American 
Indians  call  the  European  settlers. 

Pale'mon,  son  of  a  rich  merohaat. 
He  fell  in  love  with  Anna,  daughter  of 
Albert  master  of  one  of  his  father's 
ships.  The  purse-^roud  merchant,  in- 
dignant at  this,  tried  every  means  to 
iBdnce  his  son  to  abandon  such  a  "  mean 
conneetion,**  but  witiiont  avail ;  so  at 
last  he  sent  him  in  the  i^rtfemfua  ( Albeirt*a 


ship)  **in  charge  of  the  merchandise.'* 
The  ship  was  wrecked  near  cape  Colonna, 
in  Attica;  and  although  PalCmon  m- 
caped,  his  ribs  were  so  broken  that  he 
died  almost  as  soon  as  he  r^ushed  the 
shore. 


AsrilMityMrth.  FBlMnon  VM  hte 
Cbarsed  with  Uie  comniene  hHber  abo  ounej 
A  fim«^  itcni  rantitment  doomed  to  pfvra. 
Ho  CMne,  Um  victim  of  aulmpiiy  kff. 

Faloooer.  nu  SMli/wrw*.  L  S  (UM). 

Pale'inon  and  Iiavima,  a  poetie 
version  of  Boas  and  Ruth.  "  The  lovely 
young  Lavinia"  went  to  glean  in  the 
fields  of  young  Pitlemon  "  the  pride  of 
swains;**  and  Palemon,  falling  in  love 
with  the  beautiful  gleaner,  both  wooed 
and  won  her. — ^Thomson,  The  Seatons 
("Autumn,**  1780). 

Pales  (2  sv/.),  god  of  shepherds  and 
thair  flocks. — Mman  Mythology, 

rWiSiM  loTM  ttie  ocdnrd ; 

And  Liber  loves  tbe  vine ; 
And  PtJ6»  loves  the  stimw-tNdIt  shod. 

Warn  irlth  the  breath  of  Unei 
Laid  MyaHhjr.  Laet  V  Ameimnt  Jtome  ("  Fioplwfti 

Pal'inode  (8  ayl,),  a  shej^erd  in 
Spenser's  Eclogues.  In  eel.  v.  ralinode 
lapresents  the  catholic  priest.  He  in- 
vites Piers  (who  represents  the  protestant 
<^^f7)  to  ]^°  in  the  fun  and  pleasures 
of  Mav.  Piers  then  warns  the  yoimg 
man  of  the  vanities  of  the  world,  and 
tells  him  of  the  great  degenerscy  of 
pastoral  life,  at  one  time  simple  and 
frugal,  but  now  discontented  and  licen- 
tious. He  concludes  with  the  fable  of 
the  kid  and  her  dam.  The  fable  is  this : 
A  mother-goat,  going  abroad  for  the  day, 
told  her  kid  to  keep  at  homcL  and  not  to 
open  the  door  to  strsngers.  She  had  not 
been  gone  long,  when  up  came  a  fox, 
with  head  bound  from  "  headache,*'  and 
foot  bound  from  "  goat,"  and  carrying  a 
ped  of  trinkets.  The  fox  told  the  kid 
a  most  piteous  tale,  and  showed  her  a 
little  mirror.  The  kid,  out  of  pity  and 
vanity,  opened  the  door ;  but  while  stoop- 
ing over  the  ped  to  pick  up  a  little  beU, 
the  fox  clapped  down  the  lid,  and  carried 
herojff. 

In  eel.  vii.  Palinode  is  referred  to  by 
the  shepherd  Thomalin  as  "lording  it 
over  God's  heritage,"  feeding  the  sheep 
with  chaff,  and  keeping  for  himself  the 
grains. — Spenser,  Ishepkeardes  Caiefuhr 
(1572). 

Pal'mode  (8  syl,)j  a  poem  in  recanta- 
tion of  a  calumny.  Stesich'orcs  wrote  a 
bitter  satire  against  Helen,  for  which  her 
brothers.  Castor  and  Pollux,  plucked  out 
his  eyes.    When,  however,  tne  poet 


PALIKURUS. 


724 


PALMYRKirR. 


canted,  his  light  wm  testored  to  Um 
agMn. 

Tbe%arl«lH»lb0lled  Hden  In  hb  aOKg, 
B«uMi  afttr.  Mid  MdTHMd  tbt  wroac 

Horace's  Ode^  xvi.  i.  is  a  palinode. 
Samnel  Butler  has  a  palinode,  in  which 
he  recanted  what  he  said  in  a  previoos 

e>em  of  tiie  Hon.  Edward  Howard, 
r.  Watts  recanted  in  a  poem  the  praiie 
he  had  prerioariy  beatowed  en  queen 
Anne. 

Palinu'nis,  the  pilot  of  ^ne'as. 
Palioums,  sleeping  at  the  helm,  fell  into 
the  sea,  and  was  drowned.  The  name 
is  employed  as  a  generic  word  for  a 
steersman  or  pilot,  and  sometimes  for  a 
chief  minister.  Thus,  prince  Bismarck 
may  be  eaUed  the  palinums  of  William 
emperor  of  Germany  and  king  of  PruMia. 

Mora  had  rile  ipoke.  Imi  yawned.    All  oaftnae  nods  .  .  . 
Fan  PaUnumiiaoddad  at  the  belnk 

Pop%  2%«  Ihumlad,  Ir.  «14  a74S). 

Palisae  (La)y  a  sort  of  M.  Ptud- 
homme ;  a  pompous  utterer  of  tnusms 
and  moral  platitudee. 

PaUa'dio  (Andrea),  the  Italian  das- 
skal  architect  (1618-1680). 

The  EwfliA  Palladh,  Inigo  Jenee 
(1678-1668). 

Palla'dium. 

0/  Cdjfhn,  tba  dcUda  or  tooth  of 
Buddha,  preserved  in  the  Malcigawa 
tonple  at  Kandy.  NatiTes  guard  it  with 
great  jealousy,  from  a  beUef  that  who- 
ever possesses  it,  acquires  the  right  to 
fovcm  Ceylon.  Wlien^  in  1816,  the 
^glish  obtained  possession  of  the  tooth, 
the  Ceylonese  submitted  to  them  without 
resistance. 

0/  Eden  HedL  a  driaking-glass,  in 
the  possession  of  sir  Christopher  Maa- 
grare,  bart.,  of  Edenhall,  Cumberland. 

Of  JcniscUem,  Aladine  king  of  Jeru- 
salem stole  an  image  of  the  Viiig^n,  and 
set  it  up  in  a  mosque,  Aai  she  might  no 
longer  protect  the  Christians,  but  ^come 
the  palladium  of  Jerusalem.  The  image 
was  resoned  by  Sofrfmnria,  and  the  city 
taken  by  t^e  crusaders. 

Of  Mea'ara,  a  golden  hair  of  king 
Nisus.  iMylla  promised  to  deliver  the 
city  into  the  hands  of  Minos,  and  cut  off 
the  talismanic  lock  of  her  father's  head 
while  he  was  asleep. 

Of  Rome,  the  ancfle  or  sacred  buckler 
which  Numa  said  fell  from  heaven,  and 
was  guarded  by  priests  called  Salii. 

Of  So&tUxHdy  Mie  great  stone  of  Scone, 
near   Perth,    which   was    removed    by 


Edward  I.  to  Westminster,  and  is  still 
there,  preserved  in  the  coronation  chair. 

Of  Tror/^  a  colossal  wooden  statue  of 
Pallas  Minerva,  which  **fell  from 
heaven."  It  was  carried  off  by  the 
Greeks,  by  whom  the  city  was  taken 
and  burned  to  the  ground. 

Pallet^  a  painter,  in  Smolktf  a  narfU 
fX.  Peregrme  Picile  (1761). 

l^e  absurdities  of  Pallet  are  painted 
an  indi  thick,  and  by  no  human  pos- 
sibility could  such  an  accumulation  of 
comic  disasters  have  befWHen  tiie  cfaa- 
lacters  of  the  tale. 

Palm  Buiiday  (Sad),  March  29, 
1461,  the  day  of  the  battle  of  Towton, 
the  most  fatal  of  any  domestic  war  ever 
fought.  It  is  said  that  87,000  English- 
men fen  on  this  day. 

When  banks  raoaNed  the  Mood  of  anaar  tboaa»d  MM. 
On  "sad  Pate  iasjay"  slataw  Iht  %mimt  leM  w 

caB  .  .  . 
Ibe  UoedleBt  fldd  betwtxt  the  White  Itrne  and  «ie  Bad. 
Dnoton.  fvtptUmt,  nrflL  (ISSSK 

PaFmeiin  of  Sn^IancL  the  hero 

and  title  of  a  romance  in  chivalrv.  There 
is  also  an  inferior  one  entitled  i*(dmerm 
de  Oiiva, 


The  next  tare  books  ware  ^mfmertn  4»  Ottmi  and 
Artm«rfn  «f  Xui^and.  "The  fatner,-  saU  the  eart, 
"Shan  he  torn  hi  pteoei  and  bnrnt  to  the  htwbsr; 
bnt  Patmerin  «f  Knotimd  shafl  be  ufaaw  ladaanndiaaa 
of  antlquitj,  and  plored  fai  soch  a  diert  as  <linaiidsi 
fsond  araonpt  the  spoib  of  Dailoi,  and  In  vhkii  he 
kflfiC  the  writiniB  of  Homer.  This  same  book  is  vahiaUa 
for  two  thinfi :  flrst,  for  its  own  cnedal  exesOcsKy.  and 
nest,  becaofe  It  Is  the  arodnetlon  of  a  PwtogiaMa 
monarch,  fcmom  far  hb  Mtsmry  talsnts.  Ike  niasn 
turw  of  the  easUe  of  MiraipianU  therefai  ara  ins|y 
iniglned.  the  stymie  of  eomporitlon  is  natoral  and  sla* 
naut.  and  tlie  atmesk  dcceram  Is  proMrved  tfa»iM|henk*<^ 
CerrautM^  JMm  ifminHt,  L  L  6  (IflOS). 

Palmi'x*a,  dauf^ter  of  Alc&nor  chief 
of  Mecca.  She  and  her  brother  Zaphna 
were  taken  captives  in  infancy,  and 
brought  up  by  Mahomet.  As  th^  grew 
in  years,  thc^^  fell  in  love  with  each 
other,  not  knowing  their  lelattoQabip ; 
but  when  Mahomet  laid  siege  to  Mecca, 
Zaphna  was  appointed  to  assasginate  Aloa- 
nor,  and  was  himself  afterwards  kiUed 
by  poison.  Mahomet  then  proposed  mar<- 
riage  to  Palmira,  but  to  psevent  audi 
an  alliance,  she  killed  herself. — Jamea 
Miller,  Mahomet  the  Impoetor  (1740). 

Palmyra  of  the  Deooan,  Bija- 
pur,  in  the  Poonah  district* 

Palmyra  of  the  ITorth,  St.  Peters- 
burg. 

Pal'myrene  {The^,  Zenobia  qaeea 
of  Palmyra,  who  claimed  the  title  of 
'« Queen  of  the  East.**  She  was  defeated 
by  Aufelian,  and  taken  misoBer  (a.i>. 
278).    Longinus  lived  at  ner  court,  and 


PAU>mD£«. 


m 


PAlfGAStB. 


was   ^t  to  death  oa  the  eaptoia  of 
Zenobuu 

Tbe  Palmjrrcoe  thAt  Kowdit  AuretlMU 
TBonywHi,  Tie 


Pal'omides  (^),  son  and  heir  of 
air  Astlabor.  His  brotiiers  were  sir  Safire 
Mid  fir  Sagwar^idfes.  He  is  always  called 
liie  Saracen,  meaning  "nnchristened.** 
Next  to  the  three  great  knif^ts  (sir  Laun- 
celot,  sir  Tristram,  and  sir  Lamorake),  he 
^r«8  the  strongest  and  brarest  of  the 
fellowship  of  £e  Round  Table.  Like  sir 
Tristram,  he  was  in  low  with  La  Belle 
Isond  wife  of  king  Mark  of  Cofnwall;  bat 
the  lady  faronred  the  lore  of  sir  Tristram, 
and  only  despised  that  of  the  Saracen 
koij^t.  After  his  combat  with  sir  Tris- 
limm,  air  PaUmidei  consented  to  ba  bap- 
tized by  the  bishop  of  Cadisle  (pi.  iii.  28)w 

H«  «M  wan  nwk,  dauUr.  maA  M[flr»Mi4  Mither  too 
young  nor  too  oU.  AmI  tboogh  lie  «m  not  chrUteiMd. 
y««  ko  iMllOToi  la  Um  bert  mnnnaa.  and  «M  Mthful  and 
ti«e  of  ka  prombe.  nod  d»  »«U  coodlUoaoi.  Ho  mnde 
»  vow  that  be  woaUl  norer  1m  chrirtonoJ  unto  tke  tline 
W  aohiofed  the  bcMt  Qbibakit  .  ..  Andnboke 
'  to  take  hiA  ebrktendom  unto  the  tbne  that 
0ttm  battfai  «llkl»  the  llsti;-<airT.  Makxy. 
JN«ery  t/  frimet  Artkm;  0. 140  (1470). 

Pam,  Henry  John  Temple,  Tiaooaat 
Pkhnerston  (1784-1865). 

Pam'ela.  Lady  Edward  Fitzgerald  is 
•o  called  (*>18ai). 

Pam'eU  [Akdrbwb],  a  simple,  un* 
sophistical  eouatry  girl,  the  daughter  of 
two  aged  parents,  and  maidservant  of  a 
rich  young  sQuire,  called  B,  who  tries  to 
seduce  her.  hhe  resists  every  temptatioa, 
aad  at  length  marries  the  yonng  squire  and 
veforms  mm.  Pamela  is  very  pure  and 
BMdett,  bears  her  afflictions  with  much 
meekness,  and  is  a  model  of  maidenly 
pnMience  and  rectitude.  Tbe  storv  is  told 
m  a  series  of  letters  which  Pamela  sends 
to  her  parents. — S.  Richardson,  Pamela  or 
Virtm  Bewarded  (1740). 


JMdo.  Msipk  aoA  itala,  bvt  ivMh  hcf 
She  lisu,  aM  is  no  duchos  at  her  heart 

JMttiM  (**  To  Mn.  Btodnt,  wftfa  the  vorii 

cf  voawe."  um- 

Pami'na  and  Tami'no,  the  two 
lovers  who  were  guided  by  '*the  magic 
flute**  throng  uX  worldly  dangers  to 
the  knowledge  of  divine  truth  (or  the 
mysteries  of  Isis). — Mozart,  Die  Zixtber^ 
flfie  (Vm). 

Pamphlet  (Mr,),  a  penny-a-liner. 
His  ^preat  wish  was  **  to  be  taken  up  for 
sedition."  He  writes  on  both  aides,  for, 
as  he  says,  he  has  "two  hsnds,  ambo 
dexter," 


iPmnaLt]  b  M  veil  BMiiatalned* 
aiilrilifrnt  are  home  with  ao  modi  meeknea ;  her  llttla 
IniMieli  «r  hope  .  .  .  hvaak  hi  an  her  ireublae  eo  miMh 
Mlb  the  ^Mfke  at  hhia  Ar  thtunsh  a  ekNidr  atawcheie. 
the  whole  reeoDeetlon  b  aoethlnc.  tianquQUsing. 
leM  e*iift'Mis«~"Slr  W,  Beett> 
fan  work  of  nweh  hwbler  futani 
dtuimm  Marl^mt.  .  .  .  Aaiiaple  eouatry  girl, 

P^^^tmfj  to  «diioe.  and  aftervaitta  marries.  . 

•drabe  of  poor  nunehi,  her  sown  of  nrf  ealoi 

ad  her  reand-eared  cape;  her  various  attaatpte  ai 

and  the  conTejraoce  or  her  letten ;  tbe  hateAd 

of  Mrs.  iewhee,  and  tbe  Suetnathig  pasdone  of 

belbre  tbe  bettof  part  of  hit  nature  eblaina 

A9  all  tooebed  with  the  hand  «(  a 

SnglhkUUratur*,fLVtL 

Pope  calls  the  word  **  Pam€U :  ** 

Thagnhi.  to  cwao  Paaaaa  with  Iwv  prayen. 
Gave  iba  e&t  eoaeh  and  dappled  Flanders  maiai^ 
The  riilBlng  robee.  rldi  Jeweta.  bedf  of  state. 
And,  to  caniplete  her  bSes,  a  faol  ftw  mate. 
Bie  i^uea  In  balh.  front  boxes,  aitd  the  riof. 
▲  v^n.  — giJDl.  riMlarini.  ■witehul  thiaci 


lootddi 


inpeBBf 


"  nma  has  baan.**  he  ap% 
hjr  an  eartb^uNM,  or  Ihre  open  a  Jail  dlsteoMMr.  or  diaia 
a  Uoodjr  aawder ;  bat  now  tnat'e  aR  over— nothlns 
1  do  now  but  raaednt  a  lalnMer.  or  taHtng  She  people 
tbe^  are  ruined.  The  people  of  Mnglaad  are  never  eo 
hapiqr  as  whoi  yon  tel  tbeoi  tbw  are  ndned."— Murphy, 
Tim  Uf*»Utn-€i,  U.  1  (IJMK 


■pen 
WtHd 


Pan,  Nature    personHied,    especially 
the  vital  ci^fscent  power  of  nature. 

Vntvenal  Pan. 
Knit  wltK  the  Ofaaas  and  the  Home  In  daMoa^ 
Led  on  the  eternal  spring. 

Mlllan  PmiiMdkt  Uat,  lv.lil.ala.  (IMS). 


Pan,  in  Spenscr^s  eel.  iv.,  is  Henry  YTII., 
and  *'  syrinx  "  is  Anne  Boleyn.  In  ecL 
T.  '*  Pan  "  stands  for  Jesus  Christ  in  one 
passage,  and  for  God  the  Father  ia 
another. — Spenser,  Shaoheardes  Calendar 
(1672). 

Pom  {The  Great),  Fiancois  M.  A.  de 
Voltaire  I  also  called  <*The  Dictator  of 
Letten"  (16»4:>177«). 

Panacea.  Prince  Ahmed^s  apple  or 
apple  of  Samarcand  (see  p.  45).  The 
balsam  of  Fierabms  (see  p.  75).  The 
Promethean  ungnent  rendered  the  body 
invulnerable.  Aladdin  s  ring  was  a  pre- 
servative against  all  ills  that  flesh  is  neir 
to  (see  p.  15).  Then  there  were  the  Youth 
Restorers.  And  the  healers  of  wounds, 
such  as  Achilla's  spear,  also  called  ^'The 
Spear  of  Telephus^  (see  p.  4) ;  Gilbait's 
sword  (see  p.  382)  ;  and  so  on. 

Paacasta  (B  miL)  or  Campaspb,  one 
•f  the  concubines  of  Alexander  the  Great; 
Apeilds  fell  in  love  with  her  while  he 
was  employed  in  painting  the  king  of 
liacedon,  and  Alexander,  out  of  regard  to 
the  artist,  gave  her  to  him  for  a  wife. 
Apellte  selected  for  his  "Venus  Rising 
from  the  Sea  "  (usually  called  "  Venus 
Anadyomted")  this  beautiful  Athenian 
woman,  together  with  Phrynd  another 
eourtezao* 

*^*  Phrynd  was  also  tlM  academy 
figure  for  the  "  Cwdiaa  Venus  "  of  Pnuu^ 
teite. 


FANGKS. 


796 


PANDORA* 


Paaoks,  a  qnkk,  shoit,  Mger,  daik 
man,  with  too  much  **  way.**  He  aressed  in 
black  and  rusty  iron  grey  ;  had  jet-black 
beads  for  eyes,  a  scmbbj^  little  black 
chin,  wiry  black  hair  striking  out  from 
his  head  in  prongs  like  hair-pins,  and  a 
complexion  that  was  very  dingy  by 
nature,  or  very  dirty  by  art,  or  a  com- 
pound of  both.  He  had  dirty  handSj  and 
dirty,  broken  nails,  and  looked  as  if  he 
had  been  in  the  coals.  He  snorted  and 
sniffed,  and  puffed  and  blew,  and  was 
generally  in  a  perspiration.  It  was  Mr. 
Pancks  who  '*  noled  out**  the  secret  that 
Mr.  Dorrit,  imprisoned  for  debt  in  the 
Mar^ialsea  prison,  waa  heir-at-law  to  a 
great  estate,  which  had  long  lain  un- 
claimed, and  was  extremely  rich  (ch. 
XXXV.).  Mr.  Pancks  also  induced  Clen- 
nam  to  invest  in  Mrrdle*8  bank  shares,  and 
demonstrated  by  figures  the  profit  he 
would  realize;  but  the  bank  being  a 
bubble,  tiie  shares  were  worthless.-— 0. 
DickMis,  little  DorrU  (1857). 

Failorai06»  a  doctor  of  the  Aristotelian 
BchooL  He  maintained  that  it  was  im- 
proper to  speak  of  the  *^/orm  of  a  hat,** 
oecanse  form  "est  la  disposition  ex- 
tt^rieure  des  corps  qui  sont  animus,**  and 
therefore  we  should  say  the  ^^fitjure  of  a 
hat,**  because  figure  "est  la  disfiosition 
exti^rienre  dcs  corps  qui  sont  inanrm<f8 ;  *' 
and. because  his  adversary  could  not  ajgree, 
he  «med  him  "un  ignorant,  an  i|^o- 
rantissime,  ignorantifiimt,  et  ignorantifi<$  ** 
(sc.  viii.). — Moli^re,  Le  Manage  Fmroi 
(1664). 

Fancras  {The  earl  of)^  one  of  the 
skilful  companions  of  Barlow  the  famous 
archer ;  another  was  called  the  "  Marquis 
of  Islington ;  **  while  Barlow  himself  was 
mirthfully  created  by  Henry  YIII.  "  Duke 
of  Shoreditch.'* 

Pancrae  {StX,  patron  saint  of  children, 
martyred  by  Diodetiaa  at  the  age  of 

14  (A.D.  804). 

Pan'darus,  the  ^ciftn*  mm  of  the 
allies  of  Priam  m  the  Troian  war.  He  is 
drawn  under  two  widely  oifferent  charac- 
ters: In  classic  story  he  is  depicted 
as  an  admirable  archer,  slain  by 
Diomed,  and  honoured  as  a  hero-god 
in  his  own  country;  but  in  mediseval 
romance  he  is  represented  as  a  despicable 
nimp,  insomuch  that  the   word  pander 

15  oerived  from  his  name.  Chaucer  in 
his  TroUuaandCreseeide^  and  Shakespeare 
in  his  drama  of  JVoi/ta  and  Cressida, 
represent  him  as  procuring  for  Troilus  the 
good  graces  of  Cressid,  and  in  Much  Ado 


iA(mt  Nothmg,  H  is  said  that  Troflis 
*'  was  the  first  employer  of  pandars." 

UiaO  pitltal  ffoen-lMiireea  be  called  to  the  woflAcMd 
after  my  name :  call  Uiein  all  "  PandNn."    Let  all  etm- 

TrtOm  mmd  Cr$mtim,  act  iU.  k.  S  (ISM). 


Fandemo'niani,  "  the  ly^  capital 
of  Satan  and  his  peers.**  Here  the 
infernal  parliament  was  held,  and  to  this 
council  Satan  convened  the  ^len  ai^^els 
to  consult  with  him  upon  the  best  me&od 
of  encomjiassing  the  "fall  of  man.** 
Satan  ultimately  midertook  to  visit  the 
new  world ;  and,  in  the  disguise  of  a 
serpent,  he  tempted  Eve  to  eat  of  the 
forbidden  fruit. — ^Milton,  Paradiae  Lost, 
11.(1666). 

Fandi'oiL  king  of  Athens,  fktlier  of 
Procnd  and  Philome'la. 

Hone  taka  pKy  OB  thr  PaIm  : 
SeanleM  traet.  Umt  raaaot  bev  Ikea ; 
KMMeai  baan,  thejr  wfll  not  cha*  Um*  ; 
Kluff  Pandtoii  he  b  daafi : 
AB  Uqr  fHeo*  an  lapped  in  lead. 

~  Jddraw  la  cfte  .VyMtafMir  (ISM). 


Pandolf  (Sir  Harry),  the  triler  of 
whole  strings  of  stories,  which  he  re- 
peats at  every  gathering.  He  has  also 
a  stock  of  wm-nwtM,  ^  Madam,**  said 
he,  "  I  have  lost  by  you  to-dav.**  "  H  ow 
so,  sir  Harry  7  *'  replies  the  lady.  "  Why, 
madam,**  rejoins  the  baronet,  "I  have 
lost  an  excellent  appetite.**  "  Tliis  is  the 
thirty-third  time  that  sir  Harry  hath 
been  thus  ardu" 

We  are  eonstantljr,  after  mpper.  entertahied  wflh  tka 
iMtonbwT  Tbora.    When  «•  hara  iwdefed  at  thad  a 


Mttle,  •' Father."  MiOi  the  aoQ.**  let  at  bs««  Ac  Sfdrliki 
the  Wood."   After  Uiat.  "Mow  teU  as  Ikowfoa  awed  the 
robber."    "Alack!"  aaith  *  Hanr.  vtth  a  tadU,  "I 
haveafanoit  fmoMen that ;  bata  ie  aphaaaa 
to  bo  Mm : "  ami  aooanUncljr  he  tdb  thataad  twaatjri 
ia  the  ■une  order  orar  and  over  < 


PandoUb  (2  etflX  father  of  L^e.— 
Molibre,  Z*^<ourdi  (1653). 

Fando'ra,  the  "  all-gifted  woman.** 
So  called  because  all  the  gods  bestowed 
some  gift  on  her  to  enhance  her  charms. 
Jove  sent  her  to  Prometheus  for  a  wife, 
but  Herm^  gave  her  in  marriage  to  his 
brother  Epime'theus  (4  Sj//.).  it  is  said 
that  Pandora  enticed  tihe  earioaity  of 
Epimetheus  to  open  a  box  in  her  pos- 
session, ^m  which  flew  out  all  the  ills 
that  flesh  is  heir  to.  Luckily  the  lid  was 
closed  in  time  to  prevent  tae  escape  of 
Hope. 

More  lova^  tten  Pandora,  vhsaa  the  fodi 
BiMlow«d  with  an  theircina.  ...  to  the  aawfter  MB 
or  Japbet  brooght  bf  mnaia.  *e  bmared 


Ind  wlUi  her  (afar  look*,  to  be  avensad 

On  bin  [PrmititA4u$]  who  bad  •tote  Jore'i .  .  .  tra. 
Milton.  Fmrodim  Lett,  tT.714.  ate  (!•«). 

*^*  "Unwiser    son**  is   a  Ijitintsm. 
and  m^ans  "not  so  wise  as  he  should 


JOT       PANTAG80RUAN  LAW3UIT. 


Fandosto  or  Tie  TKumpA  of  77im, 
•  toleby  Robert  Greme  (1588),  thBqninTV 
ot  tlw  plot  of  TAe  Wmter'a  TaU  by 
Sliakwpean. 


Goflport  to  the  pcenf^,    empLnycd   the 
doctnr   "to  Um  liini  to  t&lk    EoKlish  ;" 


subflequently  made  ] 


n  totor  t 


jioimn|f, 


■OB  Dii^,  with  >  aalaij  of  £800 
Dr.    raoijloi* 
. 

''1, „     

■0  on  ;  WM  MpecUUy  fond  nrqDolMioaa, 
W  all  of  vhieh  he  aaaiKoed  the  luthoT, 
■■  "Ltnd  me  your  e«n.  Shakeepeue. 
Hem!"  or  "  Vtriim  tat.  Honcc. 
Hem  :  "  Re  abo  indalgtd  in  an  affected 
"Hel  he!"— O,  Colnan,  Tilt  Bar-at- 
Lav  (1787). 

A.S.S.  atuida  tor  Artimn  Soaetatit 
Okou  ("  Fellow  of  the  Society  of  ArtB  "). 

Patu/lau,  an  optimiit  philoiophcr.  (The 
word  iDouu  "AU  Tongue.")— Tollaire, 
Ondidt. 


P&njajidrum  (  Tit  Grand),  any  vil- 
lage potentate  or  Brammacein  magnate. 
The  word  occun  in  S.  Foote'*  fan^  of 
which  he   wrote  to   teat  the 
of  old  Uacklin,  who  uid  in  a 
he  had  brouKhl  hia  own  meoiary 
that  he  coold  leun 


anything  liy  r 


*,•  The  aqniie  of  a  vilUge  ii  the 
Grand  Panjaodrum,  and  the  imall  gentry 
the  Picninniei,  Joblilliei,  and  Guynliea. 

Footc'i  noDMDK  lioe*  are  theee  : 


Pantag'ruel',  kinf;  of  the  DipM-l(« 
(a  ts!.),  «.n  of  Gareantua,  and  fast  of 
the  ncK  of  tnnnts.     Hia  mother  Bndcbee 


n  giving  b 


binb.     Hii 


KtandfatheT    wu    named    GranROOBier. 

PantajrrueL  was  a   lineal   defendant  of 

Flerabru,    the    Titans,     Goliath,    Poly- 

phenie  (B  tyl,),  and  all  the  other  gianta 

traceable   to    Chalbrook,    who    lived    in 

eitiaordinary  perini  noted  for  its 

ek  of  three  Tburwlayi."    The  word 

hybrid,  eonipaunded  of  the  Greek 

panta  ("all")   and   the  Hagarene  word 

?nu/("tbinity").  Hii  immortal  achiere- 

ment  was  hia  "  quest  of  the  oracle  of  tlie 

Holy  Itottle."— lUbelaij,  (ioryiaXva  owJ 

Pantagnd,  ii.  (1&»3). 

pantsiT'ruel'a  Cohtm  of  Stud^. 
PSntagiuJa  father,  Gaij^taa,  aaid  m 
a  letter  to  hi*  aoa : 


FantngniellaD  Xictwnult  {The). 

This  was  between  lord  Ituaqaeue  and 
lord  Suckfiat,  who  pleaded  their  own 
cases.    The  writs,  et«.,  were  as  ranch  as 


PANTA(^U£UON. 


788 


PAPBEcnra 


fendant  h«d  iB«de  his  replj,  Piwtagnwl 
rave  judgment,  and  the  two  suitors  were 
both  satisfied,  for  no  cme  understood  a 
word  of  the  pleading  or  the  tenor  of 
the  verdict. — Babelais,  Pantagruel^  ii. 
(1633). 

Fantaffroelion,  a  herb  (hemp), 
syaibolicaT  of  persectttion.  Rabelais 
says  Pantag'niel' was  the  inventor  of  a 
certain  use  fur  which  this  herb  served. 
It  was,  he  says,  exceedingly  hateful  to 
felons,  who  detested  it  as  much  as 
strongle-weed. 

TIm  flcurt  and  riMp*  of  the  Imtm  of  pMitasradloo 
•re  not  mueh  inillko  ttKMO  of  Uw  auk  treo  or  tiw  Ntrinonjr ; 
tW  iMTb  to  m  llko  tho  ouiMtorlo  that  wmmg 
lU  havo  called  H  tha  dowmrio  enimtorU,  aodl 


|i«rtiaUsU  have  called  H  tha  dewmlto  rMMfoHa. 
■omeHmoi  Hm  •av*tork>  b  eaSed  Uw  wUd  iMMtai 
.-Itiliihfa.  ^a<il.i»nirf.  ■•»■.  iU.  <•  qSW. 


Pantaloon.  In  the  Italian  eomedr, 
Jl  Pantato^n^  is  a  thin,  emaciated  old 
man,  and  the  only  character  that  acts  in 
slippers. 

Thodxthi^BriUfts 
Into  the  lean  and  ■Upt<ef«d  Pantaloon. 
8lMk««|i«afv.  .!•  l'<m  Lite  /<.  act  IL  K.  7  <ieOO). 

Panther  (T/ie),  symbol  of  pleasure. 
When  I)ant£  bc^n  the  ascent  of  fame, 
this  beast  met  him,  and  tried  to  stop  his 
further  progress. 

Scant  tha  Mcanf 
Ba0ui.  vtMQ  lo  I  a  inntber.  nimbla,  light. 
And  eorered  vltb  a  qMckM  tkln.  appeared. 


.  .  .  •n4  atiova  to  Aaek  aar  ani 

Panther  (TV  Spotted),  the  Church  of 
England.  The  **  milk-white  doe '*  U  tin 
CSiurch  of  Rome. 


Ite 


'.•jratho 


iMittha 


Tha  Idnet  cnature  of  Iha  awUed  kiMi : 

s  be  wanT 


Ob,  eoMld  har  faiboru  atabu 

She  ware  lao  food  to  ha  a  beaal  of  praf. 

Dtydaa,  Tk»  Mimd  imd  Me  i^MlMr.  L  (IMTIl 

Panthino.  servant  of  Anthonio  (the 
father  of  Protfaeus,  one  of  the  two  heroes 
of  the  play).— Shakespeare,  Tioo  (?«»- 
Uemen  of  Verona  (1594). 

Panton,  a  celebrated  punster  in  the 
reign  of  Charles  II. 

Aad  Panton  waghif  baimlea  ««r  wMh  vortk 

DrjrdM,  MmcFUcktuM  (ISSQ. 

Pantsohatantra^  a  collection  of 
Sanskrit  fables. 

Panurgpe,  a  young  man,  handsome 
and  of  good  stature,  but  in  very  ragged 
apparel  when  Pantag'ruel'  first  met  him 
on  Uie  road  leading  from  Charenton 
Itridge.  Pantagruel,  pleased  with  his 
person  and  moved  with  pity  at  his  dis- 
tress, accosted  him,  when  Panui]ppe  replied, 
first  in  German,  then  in  Arabic,  then  in 
Italian,  then  in  Biscay  an,  then  in  Bas- 
Breton,  then  in  Low  Dutch,  then  in 
SpanisA*    Finding  that  Paatagniel  knew 


none  of  these  langiMgfs,  Pknoige  IrM 
Danish,  Hebrew,  Greek,  Latin,  wUh  ae 
better  success.  **  Friend.**  said  the 
prince,  "can  you  speak  French  ?** 
"Right  weUj**  answered  Pannrge,  "for 
I  was  bom  m  Touraine,  the  garden  of 
France.**  Panta^mel  then  asked  him  if 
he  would  join  his  suite,  which  Pannrge 
most  gladly  consented  to  do,  and  became 
the  fast  friend  of  Panta^^ruel.  His  great 
forte  was  practical  lokes.  Rabcialrf 
describes  him  as  of  middle  stature,  with 
an  aquiline  nose,  very  handsomo,  and 
always  moneyless.  Pantagruel  made 
him  governor  of  Salmygondin. — Rabelais, 
PanSagruel,  ui.  2  (1M6). 

PMMiSithimghoiit  b  the  va^o^oyia  ("  thawWoM  > 
!.«.  the  eMiainc  of  the  honaui  antaal— the  andwitaai. 
las.  ae  tha  SMoNy  of  MMMM  to  parpoaae  wHhont  aMMato 

art  wnawat  fancr.  and  all  tha  pawlian  of  tha  uadif 
ataadlas.— Cokrklea. 

Panyer's  Alley  (London).  80  called 
from  a  stone  built  into  the  wall  of  one 
of  the  houses.  The  stone,  on  which  i^i 
mdely  chiselled  a  pannier  surmounted  by 
a  boy,  contains  this  distich : 

tea  yea  have  eoasht  tha  dly  I 

iitaithi 


Yet< 


thklathe 


Paoaa  {Sancho),  of  Adzpatia,  the 
'squire  of  don  Quixote  de  la  Manaha; 
"a  little  squat  fellow,  with  a  tun  beUy 
and  spindle  shanks  '*  (pt.  I.  Ii.  1).  He 
rides  an  ass  named  Dapple.  His  sovad 
common  sense  is  an  exceUent  foil  to  the 
knight's  craze.  Baacho  ia  very  fond  of 
eating  and  drinking,  is  always  asking  the 
knight  when  he  is  to  be  put  in  possession 
of  Uie  island  he  promised.  He  salts  his 
speech  with  most  pertinent  proverbs,  and 
even  with  wit  of  a  raoy,  uisvgh  some- 
times  of  rather  a  vul|^r  savour. — Cer- 
vantes, Don  QmxoU  (1605). 

*«*  The  wife  of  Saocho  is  called 
"Joan  Panza"  in  pt  I.,  and  "Teresa 
Panza**  in  pt.  II.  *^  Hy  father's  name,** 
she  says  to  Sancho,  "was  Cascajo,  and 
1,  by  being  your  wif^  am  now  called 
Teresa  Panza,  though  by  right  I  should 
be  called  Teresa  Cascajo**  (pt.  II.  i.  5). 

Paolo  (2  J3//.),  the  cardinal  biother  of 
count  Guido  Francesohi'ni,  who  advised 
his  bankrupt  brother  to  many  an  heiress, 
in  order  to  repair  his  fortnne. 

When  brother  Paoto'eenem 
Should  do  the  relics  joMke. 


R.  Brotmlag.  Th»  Mlm§  mnd  HU 


turn. 


Paper  King  (I^h  ^^^^  l^^t  pro- 
jector of  the  Mississippi  Bubble  (1671- 
1729). 

Iba  ba*  of  laa^  pn^K/twrn  tha  Uaa  fbu  vftt 
menvftmf  beaadtlplMd  to^aajr      '    '  ~~    ""^  " 
ba  Mouiiigr  la  And  I ' 


PiPHIAN  MllfP. 


7» 


PARADISB. 


Paphian  Mimp,  »  certain  plie  of 
the  lips,  considerea  needful  for  **the 
kighly  gtntoel/'  Ladv  Emily  told  Miss 
Akcnp  "tka  heirsM  **  that  it  was 
aeoniTCd  bj  plying  one*i  aelf  before  a 
looking-^aas,  and  lepeatinff  continuallj 
the  w<»df  "  nimini  piniini ;  *  '*  when  the 
lipe  cannot  fail  to  take  the  ri«^t  pUe*** — 
General  Bniyoyne,  Tht  J^<;tt«M,  iii.  2 
(1781). 

JC  Dickens  has  made  Mn.  Geneml 
Amy  I>onrit  that  the  pretty  pUc  it 
given  to  the  lipa  by  pronoancing  the 
words,  "  pspa,  potatoes,  pooUcy,  pniBC% 
and  prism.**) 

Paplllon,  a  broken-down  critic,  who 
earned  fonr  dnillings  a  week  Air  reviews 
of  tnmslations  **witiioiit  knowing  on^ 
syllable  of  the  orif^nal,*'  and  of  ^  nooks 
which  he  bad  never  read.**  He  then 
tamed  French  valet,  and  got  well  paid. 
He  then  fell  into  the  seiVice  of  Jack 
Wildinff,  and  was  valey,  French  marouis. 
or  anything  else  to  suit  the  whims  of  that 
yomg  scapegraoe.^3.  Foote,  17te  Liar 
(1761). 

Papimmny,  the  kinf^dom  of  the 
Fapimans.  Any  priMt-ndden  country, 
aa  Spain,  Papuuan  is  compounded  of 
two  Greek  words,  fxipa  mania  (**  pope- 
madness  **)• — Rabelais,  FaadagnteL  iv.  46 
(l^tt). 

FapjrYa,  goddess  of  printing  and 
literature ;  so  called  from  papyrus,  a 
substance  once  used  for  books,  before 
the  invnnt&oa  of  paptf . 


1^  nfait  In  adraSk  cohmn  MMnd  and  thoncht, 
WhkWMoiii^  n»k«  id  prtot  the  vt^oHSOmm, 


In  ■dnniMit  Um  •miw  gl  Tlma 
nvwia.  Ltmm^tifPlmnu,  IL  <17S1). 

Pa'qvill.  Pekin,  a  roval  city  of 
China.  Milton  says :  **  Wquin  [the 
tkrtme]  of  Siraean  kings.'* — Faradiae  Lott^ 
zi.  3^  (1666). 

Parmoelsus  is  said  to  have  kept  a 
small  devil  prisoner  in  the  pommel  of  his 
sword.  He  favoured  metallic  substances 
for  medicines,  while  Galen  preferred 
herbs.  His  full  name  was  Philippus 
Aure'olus  Theophnstus  Paracelsus,  but 
his  family  name  was  Bombastus  (14dS- 
1641). 

Parmotku9y  at  the  age  of  90,  thinks 
♦aoy/tfriSpg  the  summmn  6oftyii»,  and  at  the 
advice  of  his  two  friends,  Festus  and 
llichal,  retires  to  a  seat  of  learning  in 
ouest  thereof.  £ight  years  later,  being 
oiasatisfied,  he  falls  in  with  Aprile,  an 


Italian  poet,  and  resolves  to  seek  the 
summum  bonum  in  love.  A^un  he  fails, 
and  finally  determines  *'  to  Know  and  to 
enjoy.** — R.  Browning,  Puroodmu, 

Par'adine  (8  8yl.\  son  of  Astolpho, 
and  brother  of  Dargonet,  both  rivals  for 
the  love  of  Laura.  In  the  combat 
provoked  by  mince  Oswald  against 
Gendibert,  whica  was  ^decided  by  four 
combatants  on  each  side,  Hugo  **  the 
Little  *'  slew  both  the  brothers.— Sir  Wm. 
Dftvenant,  Oondibert,  L  (died  1668). 

Faradiaaloa  ("  the  fruit  of  /wm- 
<fu»'*).  So  the  banana  is  called.  The 
Mohammedans  aver  that  the  **  forbidden 
fruit  **  was  the  banana  or  Indian  fig,  and 
cite  in  confirmation  of  this  opinion  that 
e4ir  first  parents  used  fig  leaves  for  their 
covering  after  their  fiOl. 

Paradise,  in  thirty-three  cantos,  by 
Dantd  (1311).  Paradise  is  separated 
from  Pnrgatof}'  by  the  river  Lethd ;  and 
Dantd  was  conducted  through  nine  of 
the  spheres  by  lieatrice,  who  left  him  in 
the  sphere  of  **  unbodied  li^t,**  under  the 
charge  of  St.  Bernard  (canto  xxxi.). 
The  entire  region  is  divided  into  ten 
spheres,  each  of  which  is  appropriated 
to  its  proper  order.  The  first  seven 
spheres  are  the  seven  planets,  viz.  M) 
the  Moon  for  angels,  (2)  Mercury  for 
archangels,  (8)  Venus  for  virtues,  (4)  the 
Sun  for  powers,  {h)  Mars  for  principalities, 
(^)  Jupiter  for  dominions,  (7)  Saturn  for 
thrones.  The  eighth  sphere  is  that  of 
the  fixed  stan  for  the  cherubim ;  the 
ninth  is  the  prnmun  vnublle  for  the 
seraphim ;  and  the  tenth  is  the  empjrre'an 
for  the  Virgin  Mary  and  the  triune  deity. 
Beatrice,  with  Rachel,  Sarah,  Judith, 
Rebecca,  and  Ruth,  St.  Augustio,  St. 
Francis,  St.  Benedict,  and  otiiers,  were 
enthroned  in  Venus  the  sphere  of  the 
virtues.  The  empyrean,  he  says,  is  a 
sphere  of  '*  unbodied  light,**  **  bright 
emuenoe  of  bright  essence,  uncreate.** 
This  is  what  Uie  Jews  called  "the 
heaven  of  the  heavens.** 

Pctradiae  was  placed,  in  the  legendary 
maps  of  the  Middle  Ages,  in  Ceylon ; 
but  Mahomet  placed  it  **  in  the  seventh 
heaven.*'  The  Arabs  have  a  tradition 
that  when  our  first  parents  were  cast  oat 
of  the  garden,  Adam  fell  in  the  isle  of 
Ceylon,  and  Eve  in  Joddah  (the  port  o# 
Mecca). — Al  Koran^  ii. 

Paradise  of  Cemimi  Africa,  Fatifco.— 
Sir  S.  Baker,  Ejiphratitm  of  the  Mik 
SuuroeM  (1866). 


PARABISB  OF  FOOLS. 


710 


PARADISE  REGAINED 


Paradite  of  Bohemia,  the  district  roand 
Leitmeritz. 

Thg  Dutch  Paradiae,  the  province  of 
Gelderlftod,  in  South  Holluid. 

The  Portufjttese  Paradise,  Cintra,  north- 
west of  Lisbon. 

Paradise  of  Fools  (Limhus  Faiu- 
orttm),  the  limbo  of  all  vanities,  idiots, 
madmen,  and  those  not  accountable  for 
Uieir  ill  deeds. 

OovW.  boodt.  and  teUtt.  wHIi  tbeir  wcawmi  Isit 
And  flutt«rcd  Into  ngt ;  Umo  rclk*.  bwdt. 
Indulieneak  diipennc.  pfdoiw.  balU, 
TlM^wrt  or  winds:  aU  Umm.  opvliMed  aloft. 
Fir . . .  Into  a  limbo  lai«i  and  baoad.  iliiee  eadod 
*•  Iha  PaiadlM  of  Fook." 

MUton.  furmMm  Latt,  UL  d88  aMB). 


Paradise  and  the  Pe'rL  A  peri 
was  told  she  would  be  admitted  into 
heaven  if  she  would  bring  thither  the 

Sift  most  acceptable  to  the  Almighty, 
he  first  brought  a  drop  of  a  young 
patriot's  blood,  shed  on  his  countr>'*s 
behalf;  but  the  ^tes  would  not  open 
for  such  an  offenng.  She  next  took 
thither  the  last  sigh  of  a  damsel  who  had 
died  nursing  her  betrothed,  who  had 
been  stricken  by  the  plague ;  but  the 
jl^atcs  would  not  open  for  such  an  offer- 
ing. She  then  carried  up  the  repentant 
tear  of  an  old  man  converted  by  the 
prayers  of  a  little  child.  All  heaven 
rejoiced,  tiie  gates  were  flung  open,  and 
the  peri  was  received  with  a  jovous 
welcome. — T.  Moore,  Lalla  Bookh 
('*  Second  Tale,"  1817). 

Paradise  Iiost.  Satan  and  his 
crew,  still  suffering  from  their  violent 
expulsion  out  of  heaven,  are  roused  by 
Satan's  telling  them  about  a  **  new  cre- 
ation ; "  and  he  calls  a  general  council 
to  deliberate  upon  their  future  operations 
(bk.  i.).  The  council  meet  in  the  Pan- 
demonium hall,  and  it  is  resolved  that 
Satan  shall  go  on  a  voyage  of  discovery  to 
this  "new  world*'  (bk.ii.).  The  Almighty 
sees  Satan,  and  confers  with  His  Son 
about  man.  He  foretells  the  Fall,  and 
arranges  the  scheme  of  man's  redemp- 
tion. Meantime,  Satan  enters  the  orb 
of  the  sun,  and  there  learns  the  route  to 
the  "new  world"  (bk.  iii.).  On  enter- 
ing Paradise,  he  overhears  Adam  and 
Eve  talking  of  the  one  prohibition  (bk. 
iv.).  Raphael  is  now  sent  down  to  warn 
Adam  of  his  danger,  and  he  tells  him 
who  Satan  is  (bk.  v.) ;  describes  the  war 
in  heaven,  and  expulsion  of  the  rebel 
angels  (bk.  vi.).  The  angel  visitant 
goes  on  to  tell  Adam  why  and  how  this 
world  was  made  (bk.  vii.) ;  and  Adam 


tells  Raphael  of  his  own  experience 
(bk.  viii.).  After  the  departure  of 
Raphael,  Satan  enters  into  a  serpent, 
and,  seeing  Eve  alone,  speaks  to  her. 
Eve  is  astonished  to  hear  the  aerpent 
talk,  but  is  infooned  that  il  had  tasted 
of  "the  tree  of  knowledge,"  and  had 
become  mstantly  endowed  with  both 
speech  and  wisdom.  Cariosity  induces 
£ve  to  taste  the  same  fruit,  and  she 
persoades  Adam  to  taste  it  also  (bk.  ix.}. 
Satan  now  returns  to  h^,  to  tell  of  his 
svcceet  (bk.  x.).  Michael  is  sent  to 
expel  Adam  and  Eve  ftom  the  garden 
(bk.  xL) ;  and  the  poem  concludes  with 
the  expiUsion,  and  Eve's  lamentation 
(bk.  xii.).— MUton  (1666). 

Paradise  Lost  was  first  published  by 
Matthias  Walker  of  St.  Dunstan's.  He 
gave  for  it  £5  down ;  on  the  sale  of 
1300  copies,  he  gave  another  £6.  On 
the  next  two  impressions,  he  fintve  other 
like  snms.  For  the  four  eaitions,  he 
therefore  paid  £20.  The  a^^reement  be- 
tween Walker  and  Milton  is  presenred 
in  the  British  Museum. 

It  must  be  remembered  that  the  wages 
of  an  ordinarv  workman  was  ai  the  time 
about  Si.  a  day,  and  we  now  give  8s. ; 
so  that  the  price  given  was  equal  to  about 
£260,  according  to  the  present  value  of 
money,  (joldsmith  tells  us  that  the 
clergyman  of  his  "  deserted  village'*  was 
"  passing  rich  "  with  £40  a  year  =  £600 
present  value  of  money. 

Paradise  Begalned,  in  four  books. 
The  subject  is  tine  Temptation.  Eve, 
being  tempted,  lost  paradise;  Christ, 
being  tempted,  rogainM  it. 

BM>k  I.  Satan  presents  himself  as  an 
old  peasant,  and,  entering  into  eonvena- 
tion  with  Jesus,  advises  Him  to  satisfy 
His  hunger  bv  miraculously  converting 
stones  into  bread.  Jesus  gives  the 
tempter  to  know  that  He  recognizes  him, 
and  refuses  to  follow  his  8ug£^tion. 

II.  Satan  reports  progress  to  nis  minis- 
ters, and  asks  advice.  He  returns  to  the 
wilderness,  and  offers  Jesus  wealth,  as 
the  means  of  acquiring  power ;  but  the 
suggestion  is  again  rejected. 

III.  Satan  shows  Jesus  several  of  the 
kingdoms  of  Asia,  and  points  out  to 
Him  their  military  power.  He  advises 
Him  to  seek  alliance  with  the  Parthians, 
and  promises  his  aid.  He  says  by  such 
alliance  He  might  shake  off  the  Koman 
yoke,  and  raise  the  kingdom  of  David 
to  a  first^ass  power.  Jesus  rejects  tiM 
counsel,  and  tells  the  tempter  that  the 


PARAGUAY, 


781 


PARI  DEL. 


Jews  were  for  the  present  under  a  cloud 
for  their  sins,  but  that  the  time  would 
come  when  God  would  put  forth  His 
hand  on  their  behalf. 

IT.  Satan  shows  Jesus  Rome,  with  all 
its  greatneAS,  and  says,  "  1  can  easily 
dethrone  Tiberius,  and  seat  Thee  on  the 
imperial  throne.**  He  then  shows  Him 
Atnens,  and  says,  **I  will  make  Thee 
master  of  their  wisdom  and  high  state 
of  cirilization,  if  Thoa  wilt  fidl  down 
and  worship  me.**  **Get  thee  behind 
M^  Satan ! "  was  the  indi^pant  answer ; 
ana  Satan,  finding  all  his  endeavours 
useless,  tells  Jesus  of  the  sufferings 
prepared  for  Him,  takes  Him  back  to 
the  wilderness,  and  leaves  Him  there ; 
bat  angels  come  and  minister  unto  Him. 
— MUton  (1671). 

ParafiTtuty  (A  TaU  of\  by  Soothey, 
in  four  cantos  (1814).  The  small-pox, 
haring  broken  out  amonffst  the  Goarinis, 
carriaa  etf  the  whole  tribe  except  Quiira 
acd  his  wife  HonnSma,  who  then  mi- 
grated from  the  fatal  spot  to  the  Mondai 
woods.  Here  a  son  (TerOti)  and  after- 
wards a  daughter  (Mooma)  were  bom ; 
but  before  £e  birth  of  the  latter,  the 
father  was  eaten  by  a  jagttar.  When  the 
children  were  of  a  youthful  age,  a  Jesuit 
priest  induced  the  three  to  come  and  live 
at  St.  Joicfain  (8  syl.) ;  so  they  left  the 
wild  woods  for  a  city  life.  Here,  in  a 
few  months,  the  mother  flagged  and 
died.  The  daughter  next  drooped,  and 
soon  followed  her  mo^ier  to  the  grave. 
The  son,  now  the  only  remaining  one  of 
the  entite  race,  begged  to  be  baptized, 
received  the  rite,  cnel,  '*  Te  are  come  for 
me !    I  aa  ready ;  **  and  died  also. 

FaraUeL  "None  but  thyself  can 
be  thy  parallel,**  from  The  Double  False- 
hood, by  Theobald  (1721).  Massinger, 
in  The  Duke  of  Milan,  iv.  8  (1602), 
auiket  Sforza  say  of  Marelia: 

Hot  gPoAw  doM  dMala  conparhoa. 
And.  but  befMU;  adialti  no  panOaL 

Faro  wax  Cer&  {'the  deer  park'')  j 
a  mansion  in  Versailles,  to  which  girls 
were  inveupled  for  the  licentious  pleasure 
of  Louis  XV.    An  Alsatia. 

fkmkm»M  BMI7  b«  praod  of  bdnt  tb*  pare  «wt  ctrfa 
to  *baw  vfaom  ramonrkM  gnad  drivai  trom  thtir  falnud 


mounted  all  obstacles,   married  Irolita, 
and  made  Brutus  marry  Azira. 

Pardniu  had  a  noble  air,  a  ddkata  ihapa.  a  Una  b«ad 
of  hair  adiniralil/  white.  ...  He  did  even  thing  wdl, 
danced  and  Mng  to  perfection,  and  Rained  all  the  prizee 
at  toumamenu.  whenever  be  contended  for  thera.— 
ComteeM  D'Aunoy.  Fairp  fatm  (*'  Perfect  Lore."  161U). 


Par'tfinus^  a  young  prince  in  love 
with  his  cotisin  Irolit'a,  but  beloved  by 
Az'ira.  The  fair}'  Danamo  was  Azira  s 
mother,  and  resolved  to  make  Irolita 
marry  the  foiry  Brutus;  but  PArcinus, 
mided    by   the    fairy    Favourable,    sur- 


Par'dalo,  the  demon-steed  given  to 
Iniguez  Guerra  by  his  gobelin  mother,  that 
he  might  ride  to  Toledo  and  liberate  his 
father,  don  Diego  Lopez  lord  of  Biscay, 
who  had  fallen  into  the  hands  of  the 
Moors. — Spanish  Story. 

Pair'diggle  {Mrs.),  a  formidable 
lady,  who  conveyed  to  one  the  idea  **  of 
wanting  a  great  deal  of  room.**  Like 
Mrs.  Jdlyby,  she  devoted  herself  to  the 
concerns  of  Africa,  and  made  her  family 
of  small  bovs  contribute  all  their  pocket 
money  to  the  cause  of  the  liorriobonla 
Gha  mission. — C.  Dickens,  Btea;k  House 
(1858). 

Pardoner's  Tale  ( The),  in  Chaucer's 
Canterbury  Tales,  is  **  Death  and  the 
Rioters.**  Three  rioters  agree  to  hunt 
down  Death,  and  kill  him.  An  old  man 
directs  them  to  a  tree  in  a  lane,  where, 
as  he  said,  he  had  just  left  him.  On 
reaching  the  spot,  they  find  a  rich 
treasure,  and  cast  lots  to  decide  who  is 
to  go  and  buy  food.  The  lot  falls  on  the 
youngest,  and  the  other  two,  during  his 
absence,  agree  to  kill  him  on  his  return. 
The  rascal  sent  to  buy  food  poisons  the 
wine,  in  order  to  secure  to  himself  the 
whole  treasure.  Now  comes  the  catas- 
trophe: llie  two  set  on  the  third  and 
slay  him,  but  die  soon  after  of  the  poi- 
soned wine ;  so  the  three  rioters  find  detith 
under  the  tree,  as  the  old  man  said, 
paltering  in  a  double  sense  (1888). 

Parian  Chronicle,  a  register  of 
the  chief  events  in  the  historr  of  ancient 
Greece  for  1818  years,  bc^nning  wiUi 
the  reign  of  Cccrops  and  ending  with 
the  archonship  of  DiognCtus.  It  is  one 
of  the  Anmdelian  Marbles,  and  was 
found  in  the  island  of  Paros. 

Parian  Verse,  ill-natured  satire; 
so  called  from  Archii'ochus,  a  native  of 
Paros. 

Fari-Ba'nou,  a  fairy  who  gave  prince 
Ahmed  a  tent,  which  would  fold  into  so 
small  a  coippass  that  a  lady  might  carrv 
it  about  as  a  toy,  but,  when  spread,  it 
would  cover  a  whole  army. — Arabian 
Nights  ('*  Prince  Ahmed  and  Pari- 
Banou  **). 

Paridel  is  a  name  employed  in  the 


PARIDEL. 


i82 


PARISMSNO& 


Dunciad  tor  an  idle  libertine — rich, 
young,  and  at  leisure.  The  model  is  sir 
Faridel,  in  the  Fctiry  Queen, 

Thee.  too.  my  PnrkM.  die  marked  thee  th«e^ 
Btretched  on  Uie  raok  of  »  too  aeiy  cbelr. 
And  benrd  thy  everiutlng  yawn  eoiilMi 
The  peiui  and  peiialiiet  at  kUeneH. 

Pope,  r**  Dtrndad,  It.  S41  a74S). 

Par'idel  (^),  descendant  of  Paris, 
whoee  son  was  Paring  who  settled  in 
Paros,  and  left  his  kingdom  to  his  son 
Par'idas,  from  whom  Paridel  descended. 
Having  gained  the  hospitality  of  Mai- 
becco,  sir  Paridel  eloped  with  his  wife 
Dame  Hel'inore  (3  fy/.),  but  soon  quitted 
her,  leaving  her  to  go  whither  she  would. 
'*So  had  he  served  many  another  one** 
(bk.  iii.  10).  In  bk.  iv.  I  sir  Paridel  is 
discomfited  by  sir  Scudamore. — Spoiser, 
Faery  Queen,  iii.  10 ;  ir.  1  (1690,  1506). 

*^*  '*Sir  Paridel"  is  meant  for  Charles 
NeviL  sixth  and  last  of  the  NeviU  earls 
of  Westmoreland.  He  joined  the  Nor- 
thumberland rebellion  of  1569  for  the 
restoration  of  Mary  queen  of  Scots  ;  and 
when  the  plot  failed,  made  hb  escape  to 
the  Continent,  where  he  lived  in  poverty 
and  obscurity.  The  earl  was  quite  a 
Lothario,  whose  delight  was  to  win  the 
love  of  women,  and  then  to  abandon 
them. 

Paris,  a  son  of  Priam  and  Hecttba, 
noted  for  his  beauty.  He  married  (£nOn£, 
daughter  of  Cebren  the  river-god.  Sub- 
sequently, during  a  visit  to  Menelftos 
king  of  Sparta,  he  eloped  with  queen 
Helen,  and  this  brought  about  the  Trojan 
war.  Being  wounded  by  an  arrow  from 
the  bow  of  Philoctet^  he  sent  for  his 
wife,  who  hastened  to  him  with  reme- 
dies ;  but  it  was  too  late — he  died  of  his 
wound,and  (Enond  hung  herself.— Homer, 
Jlutd, 

Pari$  was  appointed  to  decide  which 
of  the  xhtt»  goddesses  (Juno,  Pallas,  or 
Minerva)  was  the  fairest  fair,  and  to 
which  ^ould  be  awarded  the  golden 
apple  thrown  *'to  the  most  beautiful.'* 
Tne  three  goddesses  tried  by  brib^  to 
obtain  the  verdict:  Juno  promised  him 
dominion  if  he  would  decide  in  her 
favour;  Minerva  promised  him  wisdom; 
but  Venus  said  she  would  find  him  the 
most  beautiful  of  women  for  wife,  if  he 
allotted  to  her  the  apple.  Paris  handed 
the  apple  to  Venus. 

Not  CytherM  ftom  a  flUrer  twafai 
Beodved  her  apple  on  the  Trojan  pMa. 

Faloouer.  7k«  fiMiMTM:*.  L  3  (1791). 

Por'is,  a  young  nobleman,  kinsman  of 
prince  £&'calus  of  Verona,  and  the  un- 


successful suitor  of  his  cousin  JuU«k. — 
Shakespeare,  Romeo  and  Juliet  (1598). 

Paris,  The  French  say,  77  fCy  a  qnt 
Paris  (**  there  is  but  one  city  in  the 
world  worth  seeing,  and  that  is  Paris  **). 
The  Neapolitans  nave  a  similar  phrase, 
Voir  Naples  et  mourir. 

Paris  of  Japan,  Osftka,  sonth-west  of 
Miako. — Gibson,  Gallery  of  Qeogrcmhy^ 
926  (1872J. 

Little  Paris.  Bmssels  is  so  called.  So 
is  the  *<  Galleria  Vittorio  Emanuele  **  of 
Milan,  on  account  of  its  brilliant  shops, 
its  numerous  caf ^  and  its  general  gaiety. 

Pctris  (Notre  Dame  de),  by  Victor  Hugo 
(1831).  (See  Ebmbralda  and  Quasi- 
modo.) 

Parts  Qckrdan,  a  bear-gmrden  on  the 
south  bank  of  the  Thames ;  so  called  from 
Robert  de  Paris,  whose  house  and  garden 
were  there  in  the  time  of  ftichard  II. 

De  |KM  take  Ibeoourt  far  PadiQarinkS—flbalM9«»*w 

Menrg  Till,  act  T.  K.  4  ^VA). 

Farisina,  wife  of  Azo  chief  of  Fer- 
rara.  She  had  been  betrothed  Mote  her 
marriage  to  Hugo,  a  natnial  son  of  Axo, 
and  after  Azo  took  her  for  his  Wide,  tho 
attachment  of  Parisina  and  Hugo  oon- 
tinued,  and  had  freer  scope  for  indul- 
gence. One  night,  Azo  heard  Parisina  in 
sleep  confess  her  love  for  Hugo,  where- 
upon he  had  his  son  beheadeld^  and, 
though  he  spared  the  life  of  Parisina,  no 
one  ever  knew  what  JMcame  of  her. — 
Byron,  Parisina  (1816). 

Such  is  Byron*s  version;  but  histoir 
says  Niccolo  III.  of  Ferrara  ^yron^s 
"  Azo  ^)  had  for  his  second  wif^  Parisina 
Malatesta,  who  showed  ^p:eat  aversion  to 
Ugo,  a  natural  son  of  Niccolo,  whom  he 
greatly  loved.  One  day,  with  the  hope 
of  lessening  this  strong  aversion,  he  sent 
Ugo  to  escort  her  on  a  jonmey,  and  the 
two  fell  in  love  with  eadi  other.  ^  After 
their  return,  the  affection  of  Parisina  and 
Ugo  continued  nnabated.  and  a  servant 
named  Zoe'se  (8  syU)  navin^  told  the 
marquis  of  their  criminal  intimacy,  he 
had  the  two  gnilty  ones  brought  to'  open 
trial.  They  were  both  condemned  to 
death,  Ugo  was  beheaded  first,  then 
Parisina.  Some  time  after,  Niccolo  mar- 
ried a  third  wife,  and  had  several  chil- 
dren.— Frizzi,  History  of  Ferrara, 

Farisme'noa,  the  hero  of  the  second 
part  of  Parismus  (?.«.).  This  part  con- 
tains the  adventurous  travels  of  Paris- 
menos,  his  deeds  of  chivalry,  and  love 
for  the  nrincess  Angelica,  **  the  Lady  ol 


PAiaSilUS. 


788 


PABOUJBEk 


anb  Golden   Tower."— £m«iiiiel   Foord, 

(16W). 


Paris'mus,  «  valiant  and  renowned 
prince  of  Bohemia,  the  hero  of  a  romance 
so  called.  This  "  history  "  contains  ao 
account  of  his  battles  against  the  Per- 
sians, his  love  for  lAiirana,  dau^ter  of 
the  king  of  Thessaly,  and  his  strange 
adventures  in  the  D«M>late  Island.  The 
second  part  contains  the  exploits  and 
love  affairs  of  Parisme'noe. — Emaniial 
Foord,  Paritmm  (1598). 

Parisa'de  (4  sjr/.),  daogfater  of 
Khroeroa-«chah  saltan  of  Persia,  and 
sister  oi.  Bahman  and  Perviz.  These 
three^  in  in&ncy,  were  sent  adrift,  each  at 
the  time  of  birth,  through  the  jealousy 
of  Aeir  two  maternal  aunts,  who  went  to 
nurse  the  sultana  in  her  confinement ;  but 
they  wers  drawn  out  of  the  canal  by  ttie 
superintendent  of  the  sultan's  gardens, 
who  brou^Mthem  up.  Parizadd  rivalled 
her  brothers  in  horsemanship,  archery, 
nmning,  and  literature.  One  day,  a 
devotee  who  had  been  kindly  entreated 
1^  Parixad^,  told  her  the  house  she  lived 
in  wanted  three  things  to  make  it  per- 
fect :  (1)  the  talking  bird,  (2)  the  singing 
tree,  and  (3)  the  gold-cwmred  vxtter. 
Iter  two  brothers  went  to  obtain  these 
treasures,  but  failed.  Parizadd  then  went, 
and  succeeded.  The  sultan  paid  ihem  a 
visit,  and  the  talking  bird  revealed  to 
him  the  story  of  their  oirth  and  bringing 
up.  When  Uie  sultan  heard  the  infamous 
tala,  he  commanded  ttie  two  sisters  to  be 
pat  to  death,  and  Parizad^,  with  her  two 
brotkers,  were  then  proclaimed  the  lawful 
diildren  of  the  sultan. — Arabian  Nighte 
(*'TIm  Two  Sisters,**  the  hMt  storv). 

♦^*  The  story  of  Chery  and  fmrnUnry 
hj  the  comtcBse  D'Aunoy,  is  an  imita- 
^on  of  diis  tale ;  and  introduces  the 
**  green  bird,**  the  **  singing  apple," 
and  the  "  dancing  water.** 

Parley.  **  If  ye  parlev  with  the  foe. 
you're  lost." — Arden  of  I'evers/uun,  iii.  2 
(IMS)  ;  recast  by  Geo.  Ullo  (1789). 

Parley  (Peter),  Samuel  Griswold  Good- 
rich, an  American.  Above  seven  millions 
of  his  books  were  in  circulation  in  1859 
(1798-1800). 

*^*  Several  piracies  of  this  popular 
name  have  appeared.  Hins,  S.  Kettell  of 
America  pirated  the  name  in  order  to  sell 
under  false  colours ;  Darton  and  Co.  issued 
aPeterPariey's  Jnniio.'(1841-1855);  Sim- 
kins,  a  Peter  Parley's  LtfeofPauiil^ib) ; 
Bogue,  a  Peter  Parley's  VtaU  to  Lomkm, 


etc.  (1844) ;  Tcgg,  several  works  under 
the  same  name ;  Uodson,  a  Peter  Parlev*s 
Bible  Geography  (1889) ;  Clements,  a  Peter 
Parley's  Chtld'a  Fast  Step  (1839).  None 
of  which  works  were  by  Goodrich,  the 
real  "  Peter  Parley." 
William    Martin   was   the    writer  of 

Sftrton's  **  Peter  Parley  series.**  Geoige 
ogridge  wrote  several  tales  nader  <£e 
name  of  Peter  Parle}'.  How  far  such 
**fiilse  pretsDcee"  are  justifiable^  public 
opinion  must  decide. 

Parliamont  {The  Black),  b.  parlia- 
ment held  bv  Henry  VIII.  in  BridewelL 
(For   Addled  parliament,    Barebone's 

Kriiament,  the  Devil's  parliament,  the 
unken  parliament,  the  Good  parlia- 
ment, the  Long  parliament,  the  Mad 
parliaoMttt,  the  Peosioner  parifanaeat, 
the  Rump  parliankcnt,  the  Running  par- 
liament, the  Unrocrcifal  parikunei^  the 
Useless  parliament,  the  Wonder-making 
pariiMfeent,  the  Mrliament  of  Dunces, 
see  Dictionary  of  Phrase  and  Fable,  657.) 


(in  Greek  Ptamaeeos), 
the  highest  part  of  a  range  of  mountains 
north  of  Delphi,  in  Greece,  chief  seat  of 
Apollo  and  the  Muses.  Called  by  poets, 
**  double-headed,"  from  its  two  highest 
summits,  Tithdr'ia  and  Lyoori'a,  On 
Lycorea  was  the  Coircian  cave,  and 
hence  the  Muses  are  called  the  Corycian 
nymphs. 

or  Usli  ParnaMiM. 
Akctufate.  nmuurui^ ImaatnaUon,  I  (1740. 

Parnassus  of  Japan,  Fusiyama  ('*rich 
sdioUr's  pedk").— Gibson,  GaUery  of 
Geography,  921  (1872). 

Pamelle  (Mde,),  the  mother  of  Men. 
Orgon,  and  an  ultra-admirer  of  Tartuffe, 
whom  she  looks  on  as  a  saint.  In  the 
adaptation  of  Moliere's  comedy  by  Isaac 
Bickerstoff,  Mde.  Pamelle  is  called  ''  old 
lady  Lambert;"  her  son,  "sir  John  Lam- 
bert;" and  Tartuffe,  "Dr.  ClantwelL'*— 
MoUbre,  Tartuffe  (i&ii) -,  Bickexstaff,  The 
Hypocrite  (1768). 

%*  The  Nonjuror,  by  Cibber  (1706), 
was  the  quarry  of  BickerstafTs  plaj. 

Parodj^  (Father  of),  Hippo'nax  of 
Ephesua  (sixth  century  b.c.). 

Parories  (8  syL),  a  boastful, 
cowardly  follower  of  iJertram  count  ol 
Ronsillon.  His  utterances  are  racy 
enouf^,  but  our  contempt  for  the  man 
smothers  our  mirth,  and  we  cannot  laugh. 
In  one  scene  the  bully  is  taken  blindfold 
anong  his  old  aei|uaintanoea»  who  he 


PARPAILLOKS. 


784        PABTHENOPE  OF  KAPLES. 


if  led  to  tnppoM  are  hie  enemiee,  and  he 

vilifiea  their  charactere  to  their  feoes  in 

moet     admired     foolery. — Shakespeare, 

AWa  Well  that  Ends  Well  (1598). 

He  [Dr.  Pmrr]  was  a  nmn  PmoIIm  la  a  pwhgngm^i 
vlg.— JfooCw  A  mbrottamm. 

(For  similar  tongne-dooghty  heroes,  see 
Basiliboo,  Bb881'8,  Blupp,    Bobadil, 

BOROUOHCLIFP,    BrAZBST,    FlASH,    PI8- 

TOL,  Ptbgo  Polinicbs,  Scaramouch, 
Thbaso,  Vinobht  db  la  Roba,  etc.) 

Parpaillons  (King  of  the),  the  father 
of  Gargamelle  "a  jolly  png  and  well- 
mouthM  wench  **  who  marned  Gran- 
gOQsier  '*  in  the  vigour  of  his  age,**  and 
became  tiie  mother  of  Gargantoa. — 
KabeUis,  Oargantua,  L  8  (1588). 

Farr(0^.  Thomas  Parr,  we  are  told, 
lived  in  the  reign  of  ten  sovereigns.  He 
majrried  his  second  wife  when  he  was  120 
years  old,  and  had  a  child  by  her.  He 
was  a  husbandman,  bom  at  Salop,  in 
1488,  and  died  1685,  aged  152. 

Parrielde  (The  BeauH/^,  Beatrice 
Cenci,-  who  is  said  to  have  murdered  her 
father  for  the  incestuous  brutality  with 
which  he  had  treated  her  (died  1599). 

Shelley  has  a  tragedy  on  the  sumect, 
called  m  Cenci  (1819). 

Paniley  Peal,  the  first  sir  Robert 
Peel.  So  called  from  the  great  Quantity 
of  printed  oalico  with  the  parsley-leaf 
pattern  manufactured  by  him  (1750- 
1830). 

Parson  Adama,  a  simple-minded 
country  clergyman  of  the  eighteenth 
century.  At  the  age  of  50  he  was  pro- 
vided with  a  handsome  income  of  £z8  a 
jrear  (nearly  £300  of  our  money). — Field- 
ing, Joaeph' Andrews  (1742). 

Timothy  Burrell,  Esq.,  in  1715,  be- 
queathed to  his  nephew  Timothjy,  the 
sum  of  £20  a  year,  to  be  paid  dunng  his 
residence  at  the  university,  and  to  be  con- 
tinued to  him  till  he  obtained  some  pre- 
ferment worth  at  least  £30  a  year. — 
Sussex  ArchcBological  Collections,  iii.  172. 

GoldsmiUi  says  the  clergyman  of  his 
"deserted  village"  was  "passing"  or 
exceedingly  rich,  for  he  had  £40  a  year 
(equal  to  £500  now).  In  Norway  and 
Sweden,  to  tiie  present  day,  the  clergy 
are  paid  from  £20  to  £40  a  year,  and  in 
France,  £40  is  the  usual  stipend  of  <he 
working  clergy. 

Parson  Bate,  a  stalwart,  choleric, 
sporting  parsoiii  editor  of  the  Mcmmg  \ 


Post  in  the  latter  half  of  the  eighteenth 
centu^.  He  was  afterwards  sir  Henry 
Bate  Dudley,  barL 

Wbao  air  Hemr  Bt^t^Dodkf  wm  amnlntod  an  IrWi 
dean,  a  TOung  lady  of  Dublin  aid  "  Odi !  how  I  Iom  to 
■M  oar  daaal  Thar  Htf  .  .  .  ba  Ochta  like  an  angal/'-* 


Thaffltjr 


UL). 


Parson  Buno  (^4),  a  simple-minded 
clergvman,  whollj^  unacquainted  with  the 
world  ;  a  Dr.  Primrose,  in  fsct.  It  is  a 
Russian  household  phrase,  having  its 
origin  in  the  singular  simplicity  or  the 
LuUieran  clergy  c^  the  Isle  of  Runo. 

Parson  Trulliber,  a  fat  der^man, 
slothful,  ignorant,  and  intensely  bigoted. 
—Fielding,  Joseph  Andrews  (1742). 

Parsons  (Walter),  the  giant  porter 
of  king  James  I.  (died  1622).— Fuller, 
WorthZs  (1662).  . 

Parsons'  Kaiser  (The),  Karl  IT. 
of  Germanv,  who  wss  set  up  by  pope 
Clement  TI.,  while  Lndwig  I V.  was  still 
on  the  throne.  Th^  Germans  called  the 
pope's  prot^y^,  ^^pfaffen  kaiser," 

Parthe'nia,  the  mistress  of  ArgUus. 
—Sir  PhiUp  Sidney,  Arcadia  (1680). 

Parthen'ia,  Maidenly  Ghastity  personi- 
fied. Parthenia  is  sister  of  Agnei'a 
(8  syl.)  or  wifely  chastity,  the  spouse  of 
Encra't^  or  temperance.  Her  attendant 
is  Er'ythre  or  modesty.  (Greek,  par- 
thinia,  **  maidenhood.**) — Pfaineas  Flet- 
cher, T7te  Purple  Island,  x.  (1633). 

Parthen'ope  (4  syl.),  mm  of  the 
three  syrens.  She  was  buried  at  Naples. 
Naples  itself  was  anciently  called  Par- 
thenop^  which  name  was  changed  to 
Neof/oUs  (**  the  new  city  '*)  by  a  colony 
of  OuBMDans. 


lUUtB.  Ommii^  87t  (MM). 

liiHwfcuit  lllUM 
That  lavei  Um  paarfonata thoriM  ui  Mtft  }*iuiiMni<w4. 
Lord  Igrtion.  Orf«.  Hi.  S  gw). 

(The  three  syrens  were  Parthen'op^ 
LigSa,  and  Leucos'ia  not  Levcoth'ea,  q,v.) 

Parthen'ope  (4  syl.),  the  damsel  beloved 
by  prince  Volscius.— Duke  of  Bucking- 
ham, The  Rehearsal  (1671). 

Parthen'ope    of  Naples,    San- 

nazaro  the  Neapolitan  poet,  called  **  The 

Christian  VirgiL**    Most  of  his  poems 

were  published  under  the  assumed  name 

of  Actius  Sincerus  (1458-1530). 

At  laat  Um  Muaet  .  .  .  acattarad  .  .  . 

UmIt  bloonilnc  vreattia  from  fair  Valduaa's  bowan  (/*«>- 

trwnk] 
To  AriM  I  Dtmti  and  JacoMoto)  .  . .  and  Cba  ihara 
OraorfPartbanoiie. 

AkauMtto.  rUuurt^lmMifiMmtkni,  IL  (17<»t). 


PABTHENOPEAW  MEPUBUC.      785 


PASSAMONTE. 


Parthenopd'an  Beiniblie,  Naples 

(1799). 

Partington  (Mrs.)^  an  old  l»dy  of 
amasing  affectatioos  and  ridicalons  blun- 
ders of  speech.  Sheridan's  **  Mrs.  MaU- 
prop**  and  Smolletfs  "^Tabitha  Bramble** 
ace  similar  characters. — B.  P.  BhiUabtf 
(aa  American  kmnorist). 

I4o  not  mmn  f9  b*  dfarapcetlM ;  bat  fha  attaBiPt  of 
(kt  kM^  to  Map  thf  pracm*  of  Nfem  rcadnds  mm  vani 
iMtiMy  of  Um  giwit  stonn  of  Stdmonth.  mmI  Um  ooodoct 
oftbecaccflaatMn.  PMtlngtoaoii  thatoecMhrn.  In  tba 
artaiaror  ISM.  tbaia  aat  bi  •  cmt  Soad  opon  ttet  tova ; 
tba  tUa  roK  to  an  taaradibia  balBht;  the  wavw  ruriiad  In 
■pon  tba  bouMa:  and  ararjrthliif  wm  thrantanad  wltb 
In  Cba  Bkkt  of  thb  anblbwa  itonn.  Dama 
arbo  Uf«4  upon  Cba  baneb.  «u  aaan  at  tba 
bar  bouM  wltb  mop  and  pnttaoa,  Inindltng  bar 
jnanrinf  oat  tba  taa  watar.  and  vlfaranrif  paiUnc 
away  tba  Atlaotfe  Oeaan.  Tba  Atlantic  waa  rooaed ;  Mn. 
Pardnfftoa't  tfiirtt  waa  up ;  bat  f  aaad  not  taH  jrou  that 
tba  coataat  vaa  unaqoaL  Tba  Atkntis  baat  Mia.  Part- 
Sbawaaattanantatadaparpnddb.  botihauld 
hnra  maddlad  wltb  a 
at  Taoaton.  ISSl). 


Partlet.  the  hen,  in  "The  Nnn*s 
Priest's  Tktle.**  and  in  the  famous  beaHt- 
epic  of  Beynard  the  Fox  (1498). — Chaucer, 
Canimimrj  Tales  (1888). 

Sster  Fcartiet  with  her  hooded  head^  the 
cloistered  community  of  nuns ;  the 
Boman  Gstholic  cler^  beine  the  "  barn- 
door fowls.** — Drydeo,  Hind  and  Panther 
(1687). 

Partridge.  Tains  was  changed  into 
apartild)^. 

Partridge^  cobbler,  auack,  astrologer, 
and  almanac-maker  (died  1708).  I^an 
Swift  wrote  an  elegy  on  him. 

Hara.  fva  faat  daap.  Uaa  on  hh  ba^ 
A  ooUar,  atamonnar,  and  quadu 
Wbo.  to  tba  itara  fn  para  0ood  wUI, 
Itoaa  to  bia  bait  look  upwaid  atlD. 
Waapalfoaf 
Biapilla.bfai 


Partridge,  the  attendant  of  Tom  Jones, 

as  Strap  is  of  Smollett's  "  Boderick  Ban- 

dom.**   Faithful,  shrewd,  and  of  child-like 

simplicity.    He  is  half  barber  and  half 

schoolmaster.      His   excitement   in   the 

play-house  when  he  went  to  see  Garrick 

m  "Hamlet**  is  charming.  —  Fielding, 

The  Hiitcry  of  Tom  Jones  (1749). 

Tba  bonMor  of  Smollett,  althoofh  fanalne  and  baartf . 
b  euvw  and  ^mlgar.  Ha  waa  aaparMal  wbara  PMdbM 
Aowad  da»  InatKbt:  bat  ba  bad  a  nida  eoaoaptlon  ^ 
■anaroaltr or  wfakb  FlaUincaaamt Incapable.  ItUowIng 
to  tbk  that  "Strap* u  Hpartor  to  " Partridsa."— HaaUtt. 


Partridgo'8  Day  {Saint),  September 
1,  the  first  day  of  partridge  shooting. 
So  August  13  is  called  "St.  Grousers 
Day." 

Parvenue.  Chie  of  the  0*Ncals, 
being  told  that  Barrett  of  Casttemone  had 
only  been  400  yean  in  Ireland,  replied, 


'*  I  hate  the  upstart,  which  can  only  look 
back  to  yesterday.** 

Parvis  {"victorious**),  surname  of 
Khosrou  II.  of  Persia.  He  kept  15,000 
female  musicians,  €000  honseh<^d  ofiicers, 
20,500  saddle-mules,  960  elephants,  200 
slaves  to  scatter  perfumes  when  be  went 
abroad,  and  1000  sekabers  to  water  the 
roads  before  him.  His  horse,  Shibdiz, 
was  called  "the  Persian  BucephXlus." 

The  reigns  of  Khosrou  I.  and  II.  were 
the  golden  period  of  Persian  histor}'. 

Pardval,  the  hero  and  titleof  a  metri- 
eal  romancer  by  Wolfram  ▼.  Bsehenbaoh. 
Parsival  was  brought  up  by  a  widowed 
mother  in  solitude,  but  when  grown  to 
manhood,  two  wandering  knights  |)er- 
suaded  him  to  go  to  the  court  of  king 
Arthur.  His  mother,  hoping  to  deter 
him,  consented  to  his  going  if  he  would 
wear  the  dress  of  a  common  jester.  This 
he  did,  but  soon  achieved  such  noble 
deeds  oiat  Arthur  made  him  a  knight 
of  the  Bound  Table.  Sir  Parzival  went 
in  quest  of  the  holy  graal,  which  was 
kept  in  a  ma^ificent  castle  called  Graal- 
burgt  in  Spain,  built  by  the  royal  priest 
Titurel.  He  reached  the  castle,  but 
having  neglected  certain  conditions,  was 
shut  out,  and,  on  his  return  to  court,  the 
priestess  of  Graal-burg  insisted  on  his 
oeing  expelled  the  court  and  degraded 
from  knighthood.  Parzival  then  led  a 
new  life  of  abstinence  and  self-abnega- 
ti<Ni,  and  a  wise  hermit  became  bis  in- 
structor. At  length  he  reached  such  a 
state  of  purity  and  sanctity  that  the 
priestess  of  Graal-burtf  declared  him 
worthy  to  become  lord  of  the  castle 
(1206). 

*«*  This,  of  course,  is  an  allegory  of 
a  Christian  giving  u^  everything  in  order 
to  be  admitted  a  pnest  and  kin^  in  the 
city  of  God,  and  becoming  a  fool  m  order 
to  learn  true  wisdom  (see  I  Cor.  iii.  18). 

Pasqiiint  a  Boman  cobbler  of  the 
latter  half  of  the  fifteenth  century,  whose 
shop  stood  in  the  neighbonrhood  of  the 
Braschi  palace  near  the  Piaxza  Navoni. 
He  was  noted  for  his  caustic  remarks  and 
bitter  sayings.  After  hit  deivbh,  a  muti- 
lated statue  near  the  shop  was  ealled  by 
his  name,  and  made  the  repository  of  aU 
the  bitter  epigrams  and  satirical  verses  of 
the  city ;  hence  called  pasquinades  (3  sy/.). 


SlrAfcbirN 
— C.  Macklln.  LmM  d^m-mod*,  L  1  (177B). 

Passamonte  {Omes  de),  the  galley- 
slave  set  free  by  don  Quixote.  He  re- 
tnmed  the  favour  by  stealing  Sancho*t 


FASSiiflTOfiB. 


7M 


PATAGONUN& 


wmUei  «od  ms.  Substqacntly  h%  re- 
appeared as  a  pnppet-flhownum.  —  Cer- 
vantes, Don  Quixvte  (1605-16). 

Passatore  (Jl),  a  title  astmned  by 
Belli'no,  an  Italian  twndU  ehief,  who 
died  1861. 

Pasae-Iiourdaad  (S  syl.),  a  great 
rock  near  Poitiers,  where  there  is  a  very 
narrow  hole  on  the  ed^e  of  a  precipice, 
through  which  the  university  fkvshmen 
are  made  to  pass  to  **  matriculate  "  them. 
(Passe-Lourdaad  means  **  labber-pass.**) 

The  same  b  doae  at  Mantna,  where  the 
trtabmtm  are  made  to  pass  nnder  the  aieh 
•f  St.  Longlmis. 

Pasaal'yoiu  a  young  foundling 
brought  np  byMor{|an  la  F^.  He  was 
detected  in  an  intngue  with  Morgan's 
dau^ter.  The  adventures  of  this  amorous 
youth  are  related  in  the  romance  called 
rerceforestf  iii. 

Pasaatreul,  th«  name  of  sir  Tna- 
timm*s  horse. 

Passe-tyme  of  Plesure^  an  alle- 
gorical poem  in  forty-six  capitnlos  and 
in  seven-line  stanzas,  by  Steplien  Uawes 
(1506).  The  poet  supposes  that  while 
uraunde  Amoure  was  walking  in  a 
meadow,  he  encountered  Fame,  **en- 
uvroned  with  tongues  of  fyre,**  who  told 
him  about  La  beU  Pncell,  a  ladye  fair, 
living  in  the  Tower  of  Musike,  and  then 
departed,  leaving  him  under  the  diarge 
of  Gouemaunce  and  Grace  who  conducted 
him  to  the  Tower  of  Doctrine.  Coun- 
tenaunce,  the  portress,  showed  him  over 
the  tower,  and  lady  Science  sent  him  to 
Gramer.  Afterwards  he  was  sent  to 
Logyke,  Kethorike,  Inuention,  Aris- 
metrike,  and  Musike.  In  the  Tower  of 
Musike  he  met  La  bell  Pucell,  pleaded  his 
love,  and  was  kindly  entreated ;  but  they 
wure  obliged  to  part  for  the  time  bein^, 
while  Graunde  Amoure  continued  bis 
**  passe-tyaie  of  plesure."  On  quitting  La 
bell  Pucell,  he  went  to  Geometrye,  and 
then  to  Daine  Astronomy.  Then,  leaving 
the  Tower  of  Science,  he  entered  that 
of  Chynalry.  Here  Mynerue  introduced 
him  to  kvng  Melyxyus,  after  which  he 
went  to  the  temple  of  Venus,  who  sent  a 
letter  on  his  behalf  to  La  bell  Pucell. 
Meanwhile,  the  giant  False  Report  (or 
Godfrey  GoUIyne),  met  him,  and  put  hun 
to  great  distress  in  the  house  of  Correction, 
but  Perceueraunce  at  length  conducted 
him  to  the  manour-house  m  Dama  Com- 
fort. After  sundry  trials,  Graunda 
Amoure  numried  La  bell  Pucell,  and,  after 


many  a  long  day  ol  happiness  and  love, 
was  arrestea  by  Age,  who  took  him  before 
Policy e  and  Auarice.  Death,  in  time, 
came  for  him,  and  Bemembrannoe  wrote 
his  epitaph. 


cm  Iietters.  letters  diiefly 
written  to  or  by  the  Faston  family,  in 
Norfolk.  Oiarles  Knight  calls  them 
**an  invalnable  record  of  the  social 
cnstoms  of  the  fifteenth  century.**  Two 
volumes  appeared  in  1787,  entitled 
Original  LetUn  Written  During  the  Heigna 
of  Henry  VL,  Edward  IV.,  and  Richard 
llL^  by  Variam  Permms  of  Mtamk,  Three 
extra  volumes  were  subsequently  printed. 
Some  doubt  has  been  cused  reapecting 
the  authenticity  of  these  letters. 

Paator  Fi'do  (iZ),  a  pastoral  by 
Giovanni   BaMiato  Gnari'ni   of   Farnuw 

(1585). 

Pastoral  Romance  ( The  Father  of). 

Honors  d*Urf^  (1567-1625). 

Paatorellai  the  fkir  shepherdess  (bk. 
vi«  9),  beloved  oy  Cory  don,  but  "  neither 
for  him  nor  any  other  did  she  care  a  whit.** 
She  was  a  foundling,  brou^t  up  b^  the 
shepherd  Melibee.  When  sir  Cabdore 
(8  syl,)  was  the  shepherd*s  ^uest,  he  fell 
in  love  with  the  fair  foundkag,  who  >e- 
tumed  his  love.  During  the  absence  ott 
sir  Calidore  in  a  hunting  expedition, 
Pastorellaj  with  Metibee  and  Corydon, 
were  earned  off  by  brigands.  Melibee 
was  killed,  Corydon  effected  his  escape, 
and  Pastorella  was  wounded.  Sir  Cali- 
dore went  to  rescue  his  shepherdess, 
killed  the  brigand  chief,  and  brought 
back  the  captive  in  safety  (bk.  vi.  11). 
He  took  her  to  Belgard  Castle,  and  it 
turned  out  that  the  beautiful  foundling 
was  the  daughter  of  lady  C^laribel  and 
sir  Bellamoor  (bk.  vi.  13).  —  Spenser, 
Faery  Qveen,  vi.  9-12  (1696). 

** Pastorella**  is  meant  for  Frances 
Wabingbam,  daughter  of  sir  Francis 
Walsingham,  whom  sir  Philip  Sidney 
(**  sir  Calidore  **)  married.  After  Sidney's 
death,  the  widow  married  the  eari  oi 
Kssex  (the  queen*s  favourite).  Sir  Philip 
being  the  author  of  a  romance  called 
ArcadiOy  suggested  to  the  poet  the  name 
Pastorella. 

Pataffo'idans.  This  word  meanf 
**  large  foot,**  from  the  Spanish  patag&n 
(*'  a  large,  clumsy  foot  '*).  The  Spaniard* 
so  called  the  natives  of  this  part  of  Santh 
America,  frum  the  unusnal  siae  of  the 
human  foot-printa  in  the  sand.    It  n^ 


»*■ 


PJkTAMBA. 


7tr 


PATRIAtCHS. 


mmm  thftfc  ihtae  ioai-pruts  were  dutt  to  m 
large  clumsy  shoe  worn  b^  the  ii«tiv«m 
Mkd  wtr9  not  the  impressions  of  naked 
feefc. 

Patmmnba,  a  city  of  the  Az'tecaSi 
•oulh  of  Missoori,  utterly  destroyed  by 
•arthqoake  snd  oyetvhelmed. 

ItM  teoipMl  b  abroad.    TIeree  from  the  north 
A  viBd  upttwatlM  laka.  uliuw  Iwwt  fcptlw 
Bosk,  wbito  cwuruUoQt  riiaka  tht  aoUd  «wtk. 
Where  b  P*taml»r  .  .  .  The  mkhljr  bUce 
Hm*  tanc  Ita  howi^  «nd  jroB  wide  mUej  i«nb 
▲  lroaMeA«n»  hrfi»  the  roUkm  alacM. 

SootW.  ifodoe  (1806). 

Patohy  the  clerei,  bitrigBing  waiting 
woauui  of  iMbinda  daughter  of  sic 
Jealous  TraAck.  As  she  wss  handing  a 
love-letter  in  cipher  to  hsr  mistress^  sbe 
let  it  iaU,  snd  sir  Jealoas  picked  it  up. 
He  could  not  lesd  it,  hot  insisted  on 
kMwingirhatUmesat.  "  Oh,"  cried  the 
ready  wit,  *^  it  is  a  charm  for  the  tooth- 
ache!** and  the  sospicion  of  sir  Jealous 
was  diverted  (act  iv.  2).~llrs.  Centlivre, 
Tkt  Busy  Body  (I7i]&). 

Futch  (dame),  king  of  the  beg^rs. 
He  died  in  1790,  and  was  succeeded  by 
Bamptylde  Moore  Carew. 

Patohe  (1  9yL),  cardinal  Wolsey's 
Jester.  When  the  cardinal  felt  his  favour 
givins  way,  be  sent  Patche  as  a  ^\ti  to 
the  lung,  and  Henry  YlU.  eonsidered 
tbe  giti  a  ■k>84  aecefUUe  one. 

Patohed-up  Peace  (2%^),  a  treaty 
ai  peace  between  the  due  d*OrUans  and 
John  of  Burgundy  (1400). 

*«*  Sometimes  the  treaty  between 
Chaiies  IX.  and  the  huguenots,  concluded 
at  Longjumeau  in  1568,  is  so  called  {La 
Faix  iwrrSs), 

pateHn  (S  <yf*)f  ^  ^^'^  ^  ^ 
ancient  Fren^  comedy.  He  contrives 
to  obtain  on  credit  six  ells  of  cloth  from 
WilliAm  Josseaome,  by  artfully  praising 
the  tndesman*s  father.  Any  subtle^ 
crafty  fellow,  who  entices  by  flattery 
and  insinuating  arts,  is  called  a  Patelin. 
—P.  Blanchet,  L'AvoocU  FaUlm  (145^- 
1519). 


Oa  M  OtrlhiM^  BMb  i  tflti.  b  ram  ie  r^  I 

Ti  Mt  plM  aAdaiMM  qua  hiL  —  BoulUat. 
wfuraal  ^BUUftr*.  etc.  art.  "  BtoncheC* 

OaMMer.  ilr.  IvrarriM.he«tl>*u*hleK 

» iiilyd  toasbi  to  tte  tfaiid  iMaveM  the  fiUber  e^^^ 
Joweaame.  Mid  mo  oiore  than  thb ;  he  did  leud  hb  fooib 
fraelf  to  thoee  vho  were  dMhoui  U  lhe«.-^Sa>ibl» 
rmmt^erttU.  m.  4  ilM6). 

\^  D.  A.  de  Bnieys  reproduced  this 
comedy  in  1706. 


Patar  Paiferuaii.    Si.  Gisgefj  ti 

Nyssa  is  so  called  by  the  oouncil  of 
^^lce  (382-396). 

Pateraon  (Pate)^  serving -boy  to 
Br/ce  Snailsfoot  the  pedlar.— Sir  W, 
Scott,  The  Pirate  (time,  William  III.). 

Pathfinder  (2^),  Natty  Bumppo; 
also  caUed  **Tbe  Deersbiyer,"  ''The 
Hawk-eye,"  and  "ITie  Tian,«r."— 
Fenimore  Cooper  (five  novels  called  The 
Pathfinder^  The  Pioneers^  TU  Deer^tayer^ 
The  Last  ef  the  JToAmxum,  and  The 
Prairie, 

Pathfinder     of     the     Bocky 

Mountains  (The)^  major-general  John 
Oharles  Fremont,  who  eondncted  f^ur 
exploring  expeditions  across  the  Roeky 
Mountains  in  1842. 

Patianea  and  ShnfOe  the 
Cards. 

la  the  Mewi  thM,  aa  DunmdartS  lajrs  te  ^m  oatre  of 
Mooted'noi^  **Patleuea  and  AuSIa  tho  eaMbk"^ 


Patient  Oriselda  or  Grisild^ 
the  wife  of  Wautier  maniuis  of  Saluct^ 
Boccaccio  says  she  was  a  poor  country 
lass,  who  became  the  wife  of  Gualtiere 
marquis  of  Saluzzo.  She  was  robbed  of 
her  children  by  her  husband,  reduced  to 
abject  povertv,  divorced,  ^nd  ccmnuinded 
to  assist  in  the  marriage  of  her  husband 
with  anotiber  woman ;  but  she  bore  every 
aiht>nt  patiently,  and  without  complaint, 
—Chaucer,  CanUHmry  Tales  ("The 
aerk*s  Tale,*'  1388);  Boccaccio,  De- 
camercn^  x.  10  (1352). 

The  tale  is  allegorical  of  that  text, 
"The  Lord  cave,  and  the  Lord  hatn 
taken  away :  blessed  be  the  name  of  the 
Lord"  (/oil.  21). 

Patient  Man.  "Beware  the  fary 
of  a  patient  man."— Dryden,  Abeaiom  and 
AshUo^t,  i.  (16dl>. 

Patixi.  brother  of  the  emperor  of 
Rome!  He  ftgfats  with  Am'adis  of  Gaul, 
and  has  his  none  killed  under  him.— 
Vasco  de  Lobeira,  Atnadis  of  Gaul  (thir- 
teenth century). 

Patdaon,  licensed  jester  to  sir  Thos, 
More.  Hans  Holbein  has  introduced 
this  jester  in  his  famous  picture  of  the 
lord  chancellor. 

Patriarch  of  3>oroheet«p,  Jobs 
White  of  Dorehester,  a  puritan  divine 
(1674-1(M«). 

Patriarchs  [Thtf  Last  of  the).  So 
Christopher    Casby    of    Bleeding-heart 

8  B 


PATRICK. 


788 


PATSOIf. 


Taid  WM  ealled.    "  So  gray,  so  ilmr,  so 

?oiet,  so  impMsiooate,  so  vefj  bumpy  «a 
be  head,  that  patriarch  was  the  word 
for  him.**  Painters  implored  him  to  be 
a  model  for  some  patriarch  they  designed 
to  paint.  Philantaropists  looked  on  him 
as  famous  capital  for  a  platform.  He 
had  once  been  town  agent  in  the  Circmn- 
locution  CHBce,  and  was  well-to-do. 

Hltteth^ftMooM  on  k  Uln  r1^  ««B-fhrtt  Bad  Idi 
blMCMi  III— lit  to  b«  Um  CfMor  wMom  and  HrtMc 
Hii  whole  fMM  te«aMd  wtth  the  look  ol  henignitf.  No- 
bodr  eouM  «r  where  the  wMom  «■«,  or  when  the  Tfatne 
WM.  or  where  the  henl<«itr  wm.  hot  thef  tMoed  le  he 
•omewhere  shout  bin.  ...  He  wore  •  long  wlde-eUrted 
hottle  ipreen  coet.  mid  •  hotUe-green  peir  of  tiaewri.  Mid 
shettJe-yeenwslHooat.  The  petriarohi  wa«  aot  dntnd 
In  hottle  green  bronddoCh.  nnd  jreC  hit  ehNbei  looked 
pntrtarehaL-C  Mefceoe.  £<llle  Aerrtt  OSSTV 

Patrick,  an  old  domestic  at  Shaw*s 
Castle.— Sir  W.  Scott,  St,  JtonaiCs  Welt 
(time,  George  III.). 

Pairiok  (St.),  the  tutelar  saint  of 
Ireland.  Bom  at  Kirk  Patrick,  near 
Dumbarton.  His  baptismal  name  was 
'*  Succeath**  (**  valour  in  war'*),  changed 
bv  Milcho,  to  whom  he  was  sold  as  a 
slave,  into  **Cotharig**  (four  families  or 
four  masters,  to  whom  he  had  been  sold). 
It  was  pope  Celestine  who  changed  the 
name  to  *'  Patricius,'*  when  he  sent  hiro 
to  convert  the  Irbh. 

Certainly  the  most  marvellons  of  all 
the  miracles  ascribed  to  the  saints  is  that 
recorded  of  St.  Patrick.  "He  swam 
across  the  Shannon  with  his  head  in  his 
mouth !  '* 

St,  Patrick  and  king  (TNea.  One  day, 
the  saint  set  the  end  of  his  crozier  on 
the  foot  of  0*Neil  king  of  Ulster,  and, 
leaning  heavily  on  it,  hurt  the  king's 
foot  severely ;  but  Uie  royal  convert 
showed  no  incucation  of  pain  or  annoy- 
ance whatsoever. 

A  similar  anecdote  is  told  of  St.  Areed, 
who  went  to  show  the  king  of  Abyssinia 
a  musical  instrument  he  had  invented. 
His  majesty  rested  the  head  of  his  spear 
on  the  saint's  foot,  and  leaned  with  both 
his  hands  on  the  spear  while  he  listened 
to  the  music.  St.  Areed,  though  his  great 
toe  was  severely  pierced,  showed  no  sign 
of  pain,  but  went  on  playing  as  if  nothing 
was  the  matter. 

8t,  Patrick  and  the  Serpent,  St. 
Patrick  cleared  Ireland  of  vermin.  One 
old  serpent  resisted,  but  St.  Patrick 
overcame  it  by  cunning.  He  made  a 
boXf  and  invited  the  serpent  to  enter  in. 
The  serpent  insisted  it  was  too  small ; 
and  so  high  the  contention  grew  that  the 
serpent  got  into  the  box  to  prove  that 
he   was   right,  whereupon   St.  Patrick 


•lammed  down  tihe  lid,  and  east  tiM 
into  the  sea. 

This  tradition  is  marvellously  like  an 
incident  of  the  ArfjUnan  Nigkti  Eniertam- 
mentg.  A  fisherman  had  drawn  up  a  box 
or  vase  in  his  net,  and  on  bresJung  it 
open  a  genius  issued  therefrom,  and 
threatened  the  fisherman  with  immediate 
destruction  because  he  had  been  endoeed 
so  long.  Said  the  fisherman  to  the  genius, 
**  I  wish  to  know  whether  yon  really 
were  in  that  vase."  **  I  eertatnly  was,** 
answered  the  genius.  **  I  cannot  believe 
it,**  replied  the  fisherman,  **  for  the  vase 
could  not  eontahi  even  one  of  your  feet.** 
Then  the  genius,  to  prove  his  assertion, 
changed  into  smoke,  and  entered  into 
tiie  vase,  saying,  '*  Now,  incredulous 
fishemmn,  dost  thou  believe  me?"  But 
tiie  fisherman  clapped  the  leaden  cover 
on  the  vase,  and  told  the  genius  he  was 
about  to  throw  the  box  into  the  sea,  and 
that  he  would  build  a  house  on  the  spot 
to  warn  others  not  to  fish  up  so  wicked 
a  genius. — Arabian  Nights  (**  The  Fisher- 
man,** one  of  the  early  tales). 

\*  St.  Patrick,  I  fear,  had  read  the 
ArMicM  Nights,  and  stole  a  leaf  from  the 
fisherman's  bec^. 

St.  Patrick  a  Oe$Ulemjn, 

Oh.  St.  Patrick  WM* 
WhocuMor  ^eent 

This  song  was  written  by  Mi 
Bennet  and  Toleken,  of  Cork,  and  was 
first  sung  by  them  at  a  masonerade  in 
1814.  It  was  afterwards  lengtoened  for 
Webbe,  the  eomedian,  who  made  it 
popular. 

St,  PatricVa  Purgatory,  lough  Derg, 
in  Ireland.  At  the  end  of  the  fifteenth 
century,  the  purgatory  of  lovgfa  Derg 
was  destroyed,  by  order  of  the  pope,  on 
St  Patrick^s  Day,  1497. 

Cklderon  has  a  drama  entitled  The 
Purgatory  of  St,  Patrick  (1600-1681). 

Patriot  Kin^  {The),  Henry  St. 
John  viscount  Bohngbroke  (1678-1 751). 
He  hired  Mallet  to  traduce  Pope  after 
his  decease,  because  the  poet  refused  to 
give  up  certain  copies  of  a  work  which 
tiie  statesman  wished  to  have  destroyed. 

WrHe  ■■  tf  St.  John's  nol  eonM  atin  huidra. 
And  do  from  hate  whnt  Mallet  did  lor  hire. 
%ion.  JhtiiUk  Barda  and  Boottk 


Patriot  of  Humanity.  So  Byron 
calls  Henry  Grattan  (1760-1820).— Don 
Jvan  (preface  to  canto  vi.,  etc.,  1824). 

Patron  {The),  a  farce  by  8.  Foot* 
(1764).  The  patron  is  sir  Thomas  Lofty, 
called  by   his  friends,   **  sharp-judging 


PATTEV. 


789 


PAUU 


AdridI,  ilM  MiiM*8  friend,  himself  a 
Muse,**  bat  by  those  who  loved  htm  lees, 
'*tlie  modem  Midaa.'*  Books  without 
Damber  were  cUtdicated  to  him,  and  the 
writers  addressed  him  as  the  **  British 
PoUio,  Atticus,  the  Maecenas  of  Eng- 
land, protector  of  arts,  paragon  of  poets, 
arbiter  of  taste,  and  sworn  appraiB«r  of 
Apollo  and  the  Muses.**  The  plot  is  very 
•impla :  Sir  Thomas  Lofty  has  written  a 
p*ar  called  Jicbinson  Orusoe,  and  gets 
RifAard  Bever  to  stand  godfather  to  it. 
The  i^y  is  damned  past  redemption, 
and,  to  soothe  Bever,  sir  Thomas  allows 
him  to  many  his  aieoe  Juliet. 

Haraee  Walpok,  earl  of  Orford,  is  the 
origiaal  of  '^sir  Thomas  Ufty  **  (1717- 
17W). 

PSatten,  according  to  Gay,  is  so  ealled 
from  Patty,  the  pretty  daughter  of  a 
Lincolnshire  fitrmer,  with  whom  the 
village  blacksmith  fell  in  love.  To  save 
her  from  wet  feet  when  she  went  to  milk 
the  cows,  he  mounted  her  clogs  on  an 
iron  eke. 

lb«  patten  mom  gupporti  each  tnal  dama, 
Wkha  ftoaa  tka  bliM-crcd  PMtf  takei  Hi  BMMu 

«V.  XVMa^  1.  (171S). 

(Of  course,  the  word  is  the  French 
/xi^m,  "a  skate  or  high-heeled  shoe,** 
from  the  Greek,  patein,  '^to  walk.*') 

PMtieaon  (Mr.  Peter),  in  the  intro- 
dnotion  of  TheMectrto/Midhlhiam,  by  sir 
W.  Soott.  and  again  in  the  iatrodaetion 
of  The  Bride  of  Lammermoor,  He  is  a 
hypothetical  assistant  teacher  at  Gander- 
clench,  and  the  feigned  author  of  The 
Tales  of  My  LamUordj  which  sir  Walter 
Scott  pretends  were  published  by  Jede- 
diah  Cleiahbotham,  after  the  death  of 


Fattgr,  "the  maid  of  the  miU,** 
daughter  of  Fairfield  the  miller.  She 
was  brought  up  by  the  mother  of  lord 
Aimworth,  ana  was  promised  by  her 
father  in  marriage  to  Farmer  Giles ;  but 
she  icfttsed  to  marry  him,  and  became 
the  bride  of  lord  Aimworth.  Pa^  was 
very  clever,  verv  pretty,  very  ingenuous, 
and  loved  his  lordship  to  adoration. — 
BickerstafiE,  The  Maid  of  the  MUl  (1765). 

Pattypan.  {Mrs,)^  a  widow  who 
keeps  lodgings,  and  makes  love  to  Tim 
Tartlet,  to  whom  she  is  ultimately  en- 
gaged. 

^r  an  aeeoHrti,  ifaa  b  Jurt  aa  loving  now  as  Ae  was 
Uilrb  ymn  9ef»^*4tmm  Ot^  Tkt  Pint  nmr,  L  S 
Cl7fS-lSlS). 

Patnllo    (ifrs.),  waiting-woman  to 


Udy   Asfaton.~4ir  W.  Scott,  BriOi  of 
Lainmermoor  (time,  William  III.). 

PaiuPuk-Keewis,  a  cunning  mis- 
chief-maker, who  taught  the  North 
American  Indians  the^me  of  hazard,  and 
stripped  them  by  his  winnings  of  all 
their  possessions.    In  a  mad  freak,  Pau- 


Puk-Reewis  altered  the  wigwam  of 
Hiawatha,  and  threw  everything  into 
confusion ;  so  Hiawatha  resolved  to  slay 
him.  Pau-Puk-Keewis,  taking  to  flight, 
prayed  the  beavers  to  make  him  a  beaver 
ten  times  their  own  size.  This  they  did  ; 
but  when  the  other  beavers  made  their 
escape  at  the  arrival  of  Hiawatha,  Pau- 
Puk-Keewis  was  hindered  from  getting 
away  b^  his  great  size ;  and  Hiawa^a 
slew  him.  His  spirit,  escapim^,  flew 
upwards,  and  prayed  the  storm-iools  to 
make  him  a  ''  brant**  ten  times  their  ovm 
iiae.  This  was  done,  and  he  was  told 
never  to  look  downwards,  or  he  would 
lose  his  life.  When  Hiawatha  arrived, 
the  "bnnt**  could  not  forbear  looking 
at  him;  and  immediately  he  fell  to 
earth,  and  Hiawatha  transformed  him 
into  an  eagle. 


IKom  In  wintar,  wbra  the  i 

WhM  In  addlM  round  tha  I 

"  Tbera,"  thcgr  wy.  "  conM  PaU'Puk-Kaawla ; 

He  b  dandnf  thro*  the  fnUge, 

He  b  iMherinc  In  hb  harv«i.'* 

Lonffflltow.  MUumttka,  xvU.  (ISBSV 

Paul,  the  love-child  of  Margaret,  who 
retired  to  port  Louis,  in  the  Manritins, 
to  bury  herself  and  bring  up  her  only 
child.  Hither  came  Mde.  de  la  Tour,  a 
widow,  and  was  confined  of  a  daughter, 
whom  she  named  Yirginia.  Between 
these  neighbours  a  mutual  friendship 
arose,  and  the  two  children  became  play- 
mates. As  they  grew  in  years,  their 
fondness  for  each  other  developed  into 
love.  When  Virginia  was  15,  her 
mother's  aunt  adof^ed  her,  and  begg^ 
she  might  be  sent  to  France  to  finish 
her  education.  She  was  above  two  years 
in  France ;  and  as  she  refused  to  marry  a 
count  of  the  ** aunt's**  providing,  she 
was  disinherited,  and  sent  back  to  her 
mother.  When  within  a  cable's  length 
of  the  island,  a  hurricane  dashed  the 
ship  to  pieces,  and  the  dead  bodv  of 
Yirginia  was  thrown  upon  the  shore. 
Paul  drooped  from  grief,  and  within  two 
months  followed  her  to  the  grave. — 
Bemardin  de  St.  Pierre,  Pan/  et  Virgnie 
(1788). 

In  Gobb's  dramatic  version,  Paul's 
mother  (Mar^ret)  is  made  a  fkithful 
domestic  of  Virginia's  parents.   Virginia's 


PAUU 


740 


BAUUNB. 


motlwr  dies,  end  eommito  her  infaafc 
daughter  to  the  care  of  Dominiqae,  a 
faiUifnl  old  negro  servant,  and  Paul  and 
Yirginia  are  brought  up  in  the  belief  that 
tiie^  are  brother  and  sister.  When  Vir- 
ffhiia  is  15  years  old,  her  annt  Leonora 
de  Gnsman  adopts  her,  and  sends  don 
Antonio  de  Guardes  to  bring  her  to  Spain, 
and  make  her  his  bride.  iSbe  is  ti^en  by 
force  on  bMird  ship ;  bnt  scarcely  has  the 
ship  started,  when  a  hurricane  dashes  it 
on  rocks,  and  it  it  wrecked.  Alhambra, 
a  runaway  slave,  whom  Paul  and  Yiiginift 
had  befriended,  rescues  Yir^nia,  who  is 
brought  to  shore  and  married  to  Pkul ; 
but  Antonio  is  drowned  (176^-1818). 

PatU  {Father),  Paul  Sarpi  (1552-1628). 

Paul  (St,).  The  very  sword  which  cut 
off  the  nead  of  this  apostle  is  preserved 
at  the  convent  of  La  Lisia,  near  Tol€do,  in 
Spain.  If  any  one  doubts  the  fact,  he 
may,  for  a  gmtni^,  seea  ^  copper  sword, 
ftwentv-five  inches  long,  and  three  and 
m  half  broad,  on  one  side  of  which  is  the 
word  MUCRO  (*a  sword  *),  and  on  the  other 
PAVLU9  .  .  .  CAPiTB."  Qin  auylSiing  be 
more  convincing  ? 

Paul  {!%€  Second  St.),  St.  Bemi  or 
PenUffiut,  **The  Great  Apostle  of  the 
Frendi.**  He  was  made  bishop  of  Kheims 
when  only  22  years  old.  It  was  St.  Remi 
who  baptized  Qovis,  and  told  him  ih»t 
henceforth  he  must  worship  what  he 
hitherto  bad  hated,  and  abjure  what  he 
had  hitherto  adored  (439-535). 

*^*  The  cruse  employed  by  St.  Remi 
in  the  baptism  of  Clovis  was  used  through 
the  French  monarchy  in  the  anointing  of 
all  the  kings. 

PCiul  Pry.  an  idle,  inquisitive, 
meddlesome  fellow,  who  has  no  oocvpa- 
tion  of  his  own,  and  is  for  ever  poking  his 
nose  into  other  people*s  affairs.  He 
always  comes  in  with  the  apology,  **I 
hope  I  don*t  intrude."— John  Poole,  Pcml 
Pry. 

Thomas  Hill,  familiarly  called  "Tommy 
Hill,"  was  the  original  of  this  character, 
and  also  of  "Gilbert  Gumey,"  by  Theo- 
dore Hook.  Planch^  says  of  Thomas 
Hill: 

HittpeetalUi  was  the Moimte  InfomwHrni  b«  eMM  tan- 
part  on  all  tb*  v^My  detail*  of  ttw  doniMtie  •ommmiix  of 
hk  fHendt.  tiio  contents  of  their  waidrobei,  tlieir  pautriet, 
Uie  Domberor  poti  of  pre  erve  in  ttwir  stof«>do»«ta,  aiM 
of  tha  tahlo-aapkiM  in  Clieir  Htien-preane.  Uie  date*  of 
Uieir  births  and  nuurinites.  the  amouuu  of  their  tradet- 


meu'i  bUii.  and  vhetlier  paid  weelilr  or  quartorlf  .    He 

I  piwi,  and  w«  canaected  wtth  Um  JVwm. 

lay  CAroMleta.    Ua  lued  to  drive  M»Uievt  arwqr  bjr  ferret- 


had  been  on  the  i 


ln<(  out  hl«  wherMboutt  when  he  left  London,  and  popping 
the  infaniiatVm  hi  aaata  pa|»v.— «MoflM(.a«c  L  ISlrA 


Paul's  PioeoiiB*  the  boys  d  St. 
PAai*B  Sdiooi,  Londoo* 

Paul's  Walkers,  loungers  who  fre- 
<^nented  the  middle  of  St  PauTs  in  the 
time  of  the  Commonwealth,  as  they  did 
Bond  Street  during  the  regency. — See 
Ben  Jonson*s  Every  Man  out  of  Hit 
Humour  (1599),  and  Harrison  Ainsworth** 
Old  St.  Pouts  (1943). 

Panlatti  {The  lady  Ermmial,  ward 
of  Master  George  Heiiot  the  king  s  gold- 
smith.—Sit  W.  Scott,  The  Phrtmes  of 
Ntgel  (tine»  James  !.>. 

PaiiU'iia»  the  noble-«pirited  wife  of 
Antig'onus  a  Sicilian  lord,  and  the  kind 
friend  of  queen  Hermfond.  When  H^r- 
miond  gave  birth  in  prison  to  a  daughter, 
Paulina  undertook  to  present  it  to  kiag 
Leontds,  hoping  tiliat  his  heart  would  ^ 
softened  at  the  sight  of  his  infant 
daughter ;  but  he  commanded  the  diild  to 
be  cast  out  on  a  desert  shore,  and  left 
there  to  perislu  The  ch^d  was  drifted 
to  the  "  coast "  of  Bohemia,  and  brou^t 
up  b^  a  shepherd,  who  called  it  Perdita. 
Fionsel,  the  son  of  king  PoUx9n^  iell 
in  love  with  hor,  and  fled  ¥rith  her  to 
Sicily,  to  Mcape  the  vengeaaoe  of  the 
angry  king.  The  fugitives  beiyg  intro- 
duced to  Leont^  it  was  soon  discovered 
that  Perdita  was  the  king's  daughter,  and 
Polixen^  consented  to  ue  nnioB  he  had 
before  forbidden.  PtauUna  now  invited 
Leontds  and  the  rest  to  inspect  a  famoua 
statue  of  Heraiioe6»  and  the  statue 
turned  o^  to  be  the  living  queen  herself. 
—Shakespeare,  The  Wmier't  TokilSM), 


Paiilaab 

hearted.  tmAvm  In  aaMttiiw  the  twth.  Irai  hi  her  tmm 
of  rtcbt,  cnthuskictie  hi  all  her  aifcctlane.  Mkk  hi 
tiMMsht.  teeelnto  hi  vord.  and  taeisiUu  hi  aenon.  bat 
heedien.  hot-tempered.  Inuatlent.  load.  boM. 
and  turbuleut  of  tMisM.«Mt&  JaaaeHa. 


Pauline,  **  The  Beauty  of  Lyons," 
daughter  of  Hon.  Deschappelles,  a  Lr- 
onese  merchant ;  *'  as  pretty  as  Venus  and 
as  proud  as  Juno.**  JPauline  rejected  the 
suits  of  Beauseant,  Glavis,  and  Claude 
Melnotte ;  and  the  three  rejected  lovers 
combined  on  vengeance.  To  this  end, 
Claude,  who  was  a  gardener's  son,  pre- 
tended to  be  the  prince  Como,  and  Pauline 
married  him,  but  was  ind^nant  when 
^e  diseovered  the  trick  which  had  been 
played  upon  her.  Claude  left  her  and 
entered  the  French  army,  where  in  two 
years  and  a  half  he  rose  to  the  rank  of 
colonel.  Betuming  to  L^ons,  he  found 
his  Iathetw4n-law  en  the  eve  of  bank- 
ruptcy, and  Pauline  about  to  be  sold  to 
Beawtoant  for    noney  to    satisity   t^ 


FAITLnnEb 


74t 


PEACE. 


cfedHoTS.  Being  eonrinoe^  thai  Pnuline 
leallj  Ior«d  him.  Claude  paid  the  monepr 
requrad,  and  claimed  the  lady  as  his 
loring  and  grateful  wile. — ^Lerd  L,  B. 
Lytton,  J^Xa(^</£yoa<(1838>. 

PouHm  (McdemoiseiU)  or  MoxxA 
Paula,  iMm  attendaot  of  ladr  Ervinia 
Piauletti  the  goldsmith^s  waro. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  I%e  Fortunas  of  Nigel  (time,  James 
I.). 

Fanli'nus  of  York  christened  10,000 
men,  besides  women  and  their  children, 
in  one  single  dav  in  the  Swale.  (Al- 
tofpeCher  tome  m,000  souls,  tL#.  104  every 
mmnte,  6250  every  hour,  supposag  M 
worked  eight  hours  without  stopping.) 

n  dw  a»ou  flfat  ractfved  tlM  Cfarirtlu  fiOth, 
loroUYotKOwi 


landdMir 
VpM  «M  hafn  if. 


*  mmbOT  BMin  baiide. 


Fftolo^  the  oardiBal;  and  bretber  of 
— t  Ottido  Fmneesdu'ni.    He  advised 


tha  oouat  to  lepair  his  bankrupt  foftuBt 
W  marrying  an  heiress.^E«  brownings 
Th€  Mmg  mnd  th4  Bwk. 

Paapiali.  the  Hind&  steward  of  the 
Britaah  Mvemor  of  Madmu— to  W. 
Scott,  As  ^Wyson^t  I>au0Mer  (time, 
OeoigeU.). 

Pausa'nias  (7^  BraUh)^  WiUUm 
Camden  (1551-16^). 

•anMTfflisa  OumdMi  that^rfth  danntka  brcMt 
nM  MtOb  tynMti  af  tM  mM  vKlutuML 

(IMS). 


Paavre  JTaoqnes.  When  Marie 
Antoinette  had  her  artificial  Swiss  village 
bi  the  '*  Little  TiianeA, "  a  Swiss  girl  was 
brought  onsr  to  heighten  the  nlusiott. 
Slie  was  observed  to  Mne,  and  was  heatd 
to  sigh  out,  jNMms  JacqitetJ  This  little 
lomaaee  pleased  the  oueen,  who  sent  for 
Jacc^aea,  and  gave  the  pair  a  wedding 
portion;  while  the  marcoioness  de  Tra- 
Tanet  wrote  the  song  called  Pammre 
Jacqm$,  which  created  at  the  time  ^uite 
ftsmaation.  The  first  and  last  verses  nn 
thus: 

fMim  Jacques  qommI  J*clab  prte  de  tot 

Jt  ■•  nttali  pas  wa  MWiB ; 
Miii  4  iivtent  %»» tu  vto  loht  da  «Ml. 

Ja  MaiM|ua  de  tout  Mr  la  tern. 


Tbo*  poor,  Bnr  blha  waa  unnlloyed  | 
It  mam  tbou  owalTit  •»!«  fiviii  ma 


BM  tmm  tbou  dwaiTM  eo-tv  fiviii  urn. 
The  worfd  appean  a  loiMwme  TUM. 

Pa'Tia  {Battle  of).  Fiancois  I.  of 
Fiance  ia  said  to  have  written  to  his 
BoChar  these  words  after  the  loss  of  this 
hattlas  ^Madanei  tout  eat  peidn  hosi 


lliouneur;**  hvtt  what  he  reallv  wrD(« 
was :  **  Madame  .  .  .  de  toutes  dhoees  ne 
m'est  demenr^  pas  que  llionneur  et  la 
vie." 

Aad  wtth  a  Bohle  ilese  revokod  Park  took. 

nrajrtea.  Ptl^tUn,  xvUL  dUQi 

Pavilion  of  piinoe  Ahmed. 
This  pa\*ilion  was  so  smaH  that  it  might 
be  held  and  covered  bv  the  hand,  and 
y«t  so  large  when  pitched  that  a  whole 
army  ooold  encam|>  beneath  it.  Its  siae, 
however,  was  elastic,  being  always  pra- 
portionate  to  the  army  to  be  covered  by 
it.*-AniUmi\r«M<f  (^«  Ahmed  and  Pari- 
Banou*"). 

Pavilion  (Mimhter  Hemuaui)^  the 
^3mdio  at  Lihge  ILe-aje], 

Mother  MM  PavtUon,  wife  of  meiiH 
heer  Hermann. 

Tmdchen  or  Gertrude  PavUlot^  their 
daughter,  betrothed  to  Hans  Glover. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Qu/entin  Durward  (time, 
Edward  IT.). 

Pawkins  (Major),  a  huge,  heavy  man. 
'*  one  of  the  most  remarkable  of  the  age.^ 
He  was  a  great  politician  and  gteat  pa- 
triot, but  generally  under  a  eloud,  wholly 
owii^  to  his  distinguished  genius  for 
bold  speculations,  not  to  say  "swindling 
schemes."  His  creed  was  **to  run  a 
moist  pen  slick  through  everything,  and 
start  afresh.*'--C.  Dickens,  Martin  CUx^ 
xlewU  (1844). 

Pawnbrokers'  Balls.  Every  one 
knows  that  these  balls  are  the  arms  of 
the  Medici  family,  but  it  is  not  so  well 
known  thai  they  refer  to  an  exploit  ol 
Averardo  de  Medici,  a  eomnuuider  under 
Oiarlemagne.  This  bold  warrior  slew 
the  giant  Musello,  whose  club  he  bore  as 
a  trophv.  Tnis  mace  or  club  had  three 
iron  bans,  which  the  family  adopted  as 
their  device. — Roaeoe,  Life  •f  Loremm 
d^if<!dfei(1790). 

Paynim  Harper  (7^),  referred  to 
by  Tennyson  in  ue  Latt  Tomrmatmewt^ 
was  Orpheus. 


trooptdrpond a pyibn aaqxy .  . 

Then  wew  wrttie,  sewii  a>B«.  pve 
Hm  wlMr  feeta.  eadtaa  thjr  pemlm  b«4 
lUd  Midi  a  Boattery  of  hie  ujrrtcry 
Am  he  eoeM  harp  hb  wUb  op  out  of  heS 


Peace  (Prince  cf),  don  Manuel  Oodoy, 
bom  at  Badajoz.  So  called  because  he 
concluded  the  **  peace  ot  Basle  "  between 
the  French  and  Spanish  nations  in  17S>6 
(1767-1851). 

Peace  (The  FaUker  of)^  Andrea  Doiia 
(1469-15C0). 


PEM^ 


749 


PECKBKIFT. 


Pmce  (The  PerpetwU),  «  pence  con- 
cluded lietween  Enc^Und  and  Scotland, 
a  few  vean  after  toe  battle  of  Flodden 
Field  (Januanr  24,  1502). 

Peace  {The  SmreH  Way  to).  Fox, 
afterwards  bishop  of  Hereford,  said  to 
Henry  YIII.,  The  tttrest  way  to  peace  is 
a  oonetamt  prcparatiom  for  war.  The 
Romans  had  the  axiom,  Si  vis  paoem, 
para  heUwn,  It  was  said  of  Ed|;ar,  sar- 
named  **tbe  Peaoefnl,**  king  of  F^nglaad, 
that  he  preserved  peace  in  those  torbalent 
times  "bv  being  always  prepared  for 
war"  (reigned  969-976). 

Peace  at  anjr  Price.  M^semr 
sajTS  of  Louis  XIi.,  that  he  had  sn<ui 
detestation  of  war,  that  he  rather  chose  to 
lose  his  dachy  of  Milan  than  bnrden  his 
subjects  wiu  a  war-tax. — Hietwre  de 
France  (1643). 

Peace  of  Antal'cidao.  the  peace 
concluded  by  Antalcidas  the  Spartan  and 
Artaxerxes  (B.C.  887). 

Peace  of  Qod,  a  peace  enloioed  by 
the  clergy  on  tiie  barons  of  Christendom, 
to  prevent  the  perpetoal  feuds  between 
baron  and  baron  (1086). 

Peace  to  the  Souls.  (SeeMoBNA.) 

Peach'nm,  a  pimp,  patron  of  a  gang 
of  thieves,  and  receiver  of  their  stolen 
goods.  Hb  hoase  is  the  resort  of  thieves, 
nick  pockets,  and  villains  of  all  sorts.  He 
betrays  his  comrades  when  it  is  for  his 
own  benefit,  and  even  procures  the  arrest 
ef  captain  Madieath. 

TiMQtMtffvl  Iwtwwn  PmcnmN  MM  liOClnt  WM  Ml  i 
•oalMnoMlcoMWon  katvwn  Walpofe mii  bi«a 
1m4  -HmiuaBd.— B.  CbMtbflra,  MngUA  lit^ratmrt.  L  J 

Mr$,  Peachum,  wife  of  Peachum.  She 
recommends  her  daughter  Polly  to  be 
**  somewhat  nice  in  her  deviations  from 
virtue." 

Polly  Peachum,  daughter  of  Peachum. 
(See  Polly.)— J.  Gay,  The  Beggar's  Opera 
(1727). 

PearL  It  is  said  that  Cleopatra 
swallowed  a  pearl  of  more  value  than  the 
whole  of  tiie  banquet  she  had  provided  in 
honour  of  Antonv.  This  she  did  when 
she  drank  to  his  health.  The  same  vort 
of  extravagant  folly  is  told  of  iEsopus 
son  of  Clodius  iEsopus  the  actor  (Horace, 
Satire  J  ii.  8). 

A  similar  act  of  vanitv  and  folly  is 
ascribed  to  sir  Thomas  Gresham,  when 
queen  Elizabeth  dined  at  the  City  banquet, 
after  her  visit  to  the  Royal  Exchange. 


lutoMl  of  wsar :  Gi 
Uato  Ub  qtatem  and 


drinks  Um  inad 


Pearson  {Captam  G§bert),  officer  in 
attendance  on  OromwelL — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Woodatock  (time,  Commonwealth). 

Peaaant-Bard  (The),  Bobert  Bama 
(1869-1796). 

Peasant-Painter  of  Sweden, 
HOrberg.  His  chief  paintings  are  altar- 
pieces.  _ 

'  »•  pnfailii  %gr  H« 
t  CMtdrmt  ^  tk€ , 


Peasant-Poet  of  Northampton^ 
shire,  John  Clare  (1798-ld<4). 

Peasant  of  the  Danube  (The), 
Louis  Legendre,  a  member  of  the  French 
National  Convention  (1766-1797)  ;  called 
in  French  Le  Paywan  du  Danube^  from  his 
"  ^oqucBoe  sauvage." 

Peasants'  War  (79^),  a  revolt  of 
the  German  peasantry  in  Swabia  and 
Franconia,  and  subsequently  in  Saxony, 
lliurin^ia,  and  Alsace,  occasioned  by  the 
oppression  of  the  nobles  and  the  deigy 
(1600-1625). 

Peau  de  Chagrin,  a  story  by 
Balzac.  The  hero  becomes  possessed  <^ 
a  magical  wild  ass's  skin,  which  yields 
him  tne  means  of  gratij^ing  every  wish ; 
but  for  every  wish  thus  gratified  ue  skia 
shrank  somewhat,  and  at  last  vanished, 
having  been  wished  entirely  awa^.  Life 
is  a  peem  d'ane,  for  every  vital  act 
diminishes  its  force,  and  when  all  its 
force  is  gone,  life  is  spent  (1884). 

Peok'snilf,  **  architect  and  land  sur- 
veyor,** at  Salisbary.  He  talks  boailics 
even  in  drunkenness,  prates  about  the 
beaotv  of  charity,  and  duty  of  fotgive- 
ness,  W  is  altogether  a  canting  hnnmg, 
and  is  ultimately  so  reduced  m  position 
tiiat  he  becomes  "a  drunken,  begging, 
SQualid,  letter- writing  man,**  out  at 
dloows,  and  almost  shMless.  PecksnifTs 
speciality  was  the  **  sleek,  smiling,  crawl* 
ing  abomination  of  hypocrisy." 

V  6v«r  MMi  oombbMd  vitltln  biMHif  •■  Om  mM 
qmlltiM  or  Ibe  lamb  wtUi  a  cowMwabto  tonch  of  Ow 
oove,  and  not  a  dub  of  tlw  ctoouilite,  or  too  mot  iMwblo 
■ngfintion  oC  the  totjt  mndwt  leniontng  of  tbe  aefpont^ 


tbat 


hr. 


Mr.PwkMiC  "Um 


Charity  and  Mercy  PeckmUf^y  the  two 
daughters  of  the  **  architect  and  land 
surveyor.**  Charity  is  thin,  ill-natured, 
and  a  shrew,  eventually  jilted  by  a  weak 
young  man,  who  really  loves  her  sisto^ 
Ifercy  Pecksniif ,  vsoally  called  **  Merry,'* 


PEDANT. 


748     PEEPINQ  TOM  OF  C50VENTRY. 


is  pretty  sod  tme-besited ;  though  fli(>paDt 
And  foolish  as  «  girl,  she  becometi  greatly 
toned  down  by  t^  troubles  of  her  married 
life. — C  Dickens,  Martm  Chtutzimoit 
(1943). 

Pedant,  an  old  fellow  set  ap  to  per- 
aonate  YiDcentio  in  Shakespeare's  comedy 
called  l%e  Taming  of  the  Shrmo  (1695). 

P^dbre  {I>on),  a  Sicilian  nobleman, 
who  has  a  Greek  slave  of  great  beauty, 
named  Isidore  (3  syl.),  Ti^B  slare  is 
lored  by  Adraste  (2  tyi.)^  a  French 
l^entieBan,  who  gains  access  to  the  honse 
under  the  gnise  of  a  portrait-painter. 
He  next  sends  his  slave  Zaide  to  com- 
plain to  the  Sicilian  of  iU-treatment,  and 
don  PMre  volunteers  to  intercede  on  her 
behalf.  At  this  moment  Adraste  comes 
np,  and  demands  that  Z«de  be  given  up 
to  deserved  chastisement.  ¥hdn  pleads 
for  her,  Adraste  appears  to  be  pacified, 
and  PMre  calte  for  Zaide  to  come  forth. 
Isidore,  in  the  veil  of  Zaide,  comes  ont, 
and  Pbdro  says,  **  There,  take  her  home, 
and  nse  her  well.**  "  I  will  do  so,**  says 
Admrte,  and  leads  off  the  Greek  slave. — 
Moli^re,  Le  86cUien  <m  V Amour  Feinire 
(1667). 

PedrilliO^  the  tutor  of  don  Juan. 
After  the  shipwreck,  the  men  in  the  boat, 
being  wholly  without  provisions,  cast  lots 
to  know  which  should  be  killed  as  food 
for  the  rest,  and  the  lot  fell  on  Pedrillo, 
but  those  who  feasted  on  him  most 
caTenously  wont  mad. 

Hbtater.  tb*  IkoHlsa  PedrlBa. 

Pe'drOy  **  the  pilgrim,**  a  noble  gentle- 
man, servant  to  Aliada  (dauf^ter  of  lord 
AlphoBBo). — Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The 
Fdgrim  (1621). 

Pe4r9  (Don),  prinee  of  Arwon.— 
Shakespeare,  MwcK  Ado  cAotU  Noting 
(160e). 

Pedro  (/Xm),  father  of  Leonora.— R* 
•Jephson,  Two  Strmga  to  yom-  Bow  (1792). 

Pedro  (Doh),  a  Portuguese  noUenan, 
Iktber  of  donna  Yiolante. — Mrs.  Cent- 
ime, Tke  Wonder  (1714). 

Pedro  (2V.),  whose  full  name  was  Dr. 
P^ro  Resio  de  Agoero,  court  physichm 
in  the  island  of  Barataria.  He  carried  a 
whalebone  rod  in  his  hand,  and  wbeisever 
any  dirii  of  fbod  was  set  before  Sancho 
Faasa  the  governor,  he  touched  it  with 
his  wand,  that  it  misht  be  instantly  re- 
■eived,  aa  unlit  for  Uim  govemor  to  eat. 


Partridges  were  "  forbidden  by  Hippoc'- 
rat^**  olla  podridas  were  *^most  per^ 
nidous,*'  rabbits  were  ^*a  sharp>haired 
diet,'*  veal  might  not  be  touched,  but  **  a 
few  wafers  and  a  thin  slice  or  two  of 
quince  *'  might  not  be  harmf  uL 

Th*  fOfttnuM.  bdng  mntd  wltk  MMsa  beef  iMMbed 
onloiu, ...  fall  towith  more aviditgr  ttuui  if  Im bad  I 


wt  dovn  to  KUan  godwlts,  Roomui  pbouants,  Sorrento 
rml.  Moron  partrUies,  or  greeu  gacM  of  Lafsjoa ;  and 
tVBteK  to  Dr.  Padroi,  ho  MM.  "Look  ymv  aisnor  doctor. 
I  vant  no  dalntkik  ...  for  I  bavo  been  ahra^  used  to 
beef,  bacon,  pork,  tomlpi,  and  onktmi"— Cerrantea,  Dom 
««<a(«.  II.  lU.  IMS  (ISliK 

Peebles  (Peter)^  the  pauper  litigant. 
He  is  vain,  litigious,  hard-hearted,  and 
credulous;  a  liar,  a  drunkard,  andapanper. 
Hih  ^'ganging  plea**  is  Hogsrthian  comic. 
•-Sir  W.  Scott,  Bedgamtlet  (time,  George 
UL). 

Peeclier  (Miss)^  a  schoolmistress,  in 
the  flat  country  where  Kent  and  Surrev 
meet.  '*  Small,  shining,  neat,  methodical, 
and  buxom  ¥ras  Miss  Peecher;  dierry- 
cheeked  and  tuneful  of  voice.  A  little 
pincushion,  a  little  hussif,  a  little  book, 
a  little  work-box,  a  little  set  of  tables  ana 
weights  and  measures,  and  a  little  woman, 
all  In  one.  She  oould  write  a  little  essay 
on  any  subject  exactlv  a  slate  long,  and 
strictly  according  to  rule.  If  Mr.  Bradley 
Headstone  had  proposed  marriage  to  her. 
she  would  certainly  have  replied  *yes,' 
for  she  loved  him ; "  but  Mr.  Headstone 
did  not  love  Miss  Peecher — ^he  loved  Lizzie 
Hexam,  and  had  no  love  to  spare  for  any 
other  woman. — C.  Dickens,  Our  MutvcU 
Intend,  ii.  1  (1864). 

P^l-the- Causeway  (OM),  a 
smuggler.— Sir  W.  Scott,  ^^amUlet 
(time,  Geoige  HI.). 

Peeler  (-S^*),  any  crop  which  greatly 
impoverishes  the  ground.  To  peel  is  to 
impoverish  soil,  as  "oats,  rye,  barley, 
And  grey  wheat,^*  but  not  peas  (xxxiii.  61). 

Wheat  doth  not  well, 
Iktaflw  air  Peeler  he  hiratb  ta  «hv^ 

T.  Tvmer.  n»€  Bimdred  Poinu  o/Oeotf 
Bu»baaUr9,  xriii.  IS  (1567). 

Peelers,  the  constabulary  of  Ireland, 
appointed  under  the  Peace  Preservation 
Act  of  1814,  proposed  by  sir  Robert  PocL 
The  name  was  subsequently  given  to  the 
new  police  of  England,  who  are  also  called 
'*  Bobbies**  from  sir  Robert  PeeL 

Peep-o'-Da7    Boys,  Irish   insur- 

gents  of  1784,  who  prowled  about  at  day- 
reak,  searching  for  arms. 


_    Tom    of    Coventry. 

Lady  Godiva  eamestlv  besought  her  hus- 
band (Leofrk  earl  of  Mereia)  to  relieve 


PEERAGE  OF  THE  SAINTS.        744 


PEQGOTTT. 


the  men  of  Cortiatry  <A.  their  grievoat 
oppreflrions.  LecKfric,  anBOTed  at  her  im- 
portonity,  told  her  he  would  do  so  whea 
•he  had  ridden  on  horMback,  naked, 
throagh  the  town.  The  countess  took  him 
at  his  word,  rode  naked  through  tiie  town, 
and  Leofric  was  obliged  to  grant  the  nen 
of*  Coventry  a  chuter  of  freedom. — 
Dugdale* 

Rainn  sa3r8  that  the  countess  com- 
manded all  persons  to  keep  within  doors 
and  away  from  windows  uuring  her  ride. 
One  Dum,  named  Tom  of  Coventry,  took  a 
Mep  of  the  lady  on  horseback^  but  it  cost 
nim  his  life. 

***  Tennyson,  in  hia  OocUvOf  has  fo* 
produced  this  stoiy. 

Peerage  of  the  Saints.  In  the 
preamble  of  tiie  statutes  institatin^  the 
Order  of  St.  Miohael,  founded  by  Louis 
XI.  in  1469,  the  archan^l  is  styled  **  my 
lord,*^  and  created  a  kmght.  The  s^stles 
had  been  already  ennobled  and  knighted. 
We  read  of  '*  the  earl  Peter,*"  *<  count 
Paul,"  <*  the  baron  Stephen,*"  and  so  on. 
Thus,  in  the  introduction  of  a  sermon 
upon  St.  Stephen*s  Day,  we  have  these 
lines: 

■t  tkJt  at  M  takt  cnvlkoa ; 

Oon«M  fWM  nwlUs  la  patloft 

Da  St  bUMi  le  bwon. 
The  apogtiM  wore  i|B«tlein«n  of  bloa4e,  tad  muxyt  of 
ttonSMMoSed  tram  tbat  irorthj  Monaunf  Judat  Ibo- 
kohiua.  tbovgh.  tkrougb  Um  tnet  of  tint  wid  ponoca- 
tlon  of  wan,  poverty  opprened  the  kindred,  and  tbtf 
wore  coMtnvaod  to  imtHs  weriui  ChrM  wm  aho  a 
SBiitlwan  oo  tho  ■wtlMr's  akK  and  mi^  if  He  bad 
esteemed  of  the  vayne  gl«c7«  of  thb  vorid.  kaoa  boraa 
'.— fike  Mtmttm  ^  CewTiie  (quartolu 


Peeroe  (l  sir/.),  a  generic  name  for  a 
flaraMT  or  ploughman.  Piers  the  plow- 
man is  the  name  assumed  b^  Robert  or 
William  Langland,  in  a  histoncoHwtirical 
poem  so  called. 

And  Mt.  lav  prietia,  praf  yo«  to  CM  for  Peeree  .  . . 
Ami  If  yo^Hiave  a^patar  Dortw -epeN. 

Ihea  ihal  jroii  pfar  far  avian* 

G.  GaaeoigM.  Th*  SMele  Qla»  (died  ^M^r^. 

Peexy  (Pan/),  landlord  of  ^m  Ship, 
Dover. 

J/r«.  Peervy  PauPs  wif^ — G.  Golman, 
Wayi  and  Means  (1788). 

FettfyUlngle  Wokm),  a  carrier^ 
"lumbenag,  slow,  and  honest;  heavy, 
but  light  of  spirit ;  rough  upon  the  sur- 
face, but  gentle  at  the  core;  dull  without, 
but  quick  within;  stolid,  but  so  ^ood. 
O  mother  Nature,  give  th^  children 
the  true  poetrv  of  heart  that  hid  itself  in 
this  poor  carrier's  breast,  and  we  can  beat* 
to  hMve  them  talking  peoae  all  their  life 
long!" 

Mr*.  IMary']  P^eryhimgU^  called  by  her 


husband «« Dot.**  She  was  a  Uttle  dbnbby, 
cheery,  young  wife,  very  fond  of  her 
husband,  and  venr  proud  ^  her  bab^r ; 
a  good  housewile,  who  delighted  ia 
making  the  house  snug  and  co^  for 
John,  when  he  came  home  after  his  day*s 
work.  She  called  him  "a  dear  old 
darling  of  a  dunce,**  or  **her  little 
^oosie.**  She  sheltered  Edward  Plummer 
m  her  oottage  for  a  time,  and  srot  into 
trotible;  but  the  marriage  of  Edward 
with  May  Fielding  cleared  up  the  mystery, 
and  John  loved  his  little  Dot  more  foodly 
than  ever.— 0.  Dickens,  Ike  OickU  <m 
the  HM0-iK  (1846). 

Peff.    Drink  to  yoitr  peg,    Kinff  Edgar 

orderM  that  ^pegs  should  be  nstened 

into  drinking-horns  at  stated  distances, 

and  whoever  drank  beyond  his  peg  at  one 

draught  should  be  obnoxious  to  a 

punishment.*' 

1  had  latdr  apes-taakard  la  wf  kand.    It 
laMi  a  rov  ef  e%hl  plai.  oae  akovv  aaethei 
to  top.^    It  held  twoaaarti.  n  that  there 
lliiaec  belaeeu  pes  aaa  pes-    WbooMrdiaai 
pla  or  hejroDd  it.  WMoMltid  to  driak  to  Uh 
<vi  till  the  tankard  vac  dtaiaed  to  the  hotta 
Mtory  «r  (Jto  Kin^  9f  Jlttgtand. 

Peg-aJELanuey,  the  heroine  of  ao 
old  song.  Percy  says  it  was  an  indeoeot 
ballad.  Shakespeare  alludes  to  it  in  hia 
Twelfth  Night,  act  ii.  sc  8  (H14). 

via  ae 


agUI  of 
or  Ma 


of  the 


Peg'asas,  the  winged  horse  of  tiie 
Muses.  U  was  oaaght  by  BellerophoQ, 
who  mounted  thereon,  and  destroyed  the 
Chinuera ;  but  when  he  attempted  to 
ascend  to  heaven,  he  was  thrown  from 
the  hone,  and  Pegasus  mounted  alone  to 
the  skies,  where  it  became  the  constella- 
tion of  the  same  name. 

To  break  Peffosue's  n0o4,  to  write  haltiBg 
poetry. 


s  head,  aad  .  „^ 

Pope,  Th0  l>MM<le<.  UL  HI  (IfM). 

\*  To  « break  Priscian*s  head**  is  to 
write  bad  grammar.  Prisdan  was  a  great 
grammarian  oi  the  fifth  century. 

P^W  i^athariue),  out  of  the  mistwsecs 
of  ChMies  II.  She  was  the  dai^ler  of 
Thomas  Pegg,  £a|.,  eC  Teldemry,  m 
Derbyshire. 

Peggot'tsr  (Chra),  servant-girl  of 
Mrs.  X^pperiield,  and  the  fatthfnl  old 


it 


nurse  of  David  Copperfield. 
**Clara"  was  tabooed, 
the  name  of  Mrs.  Cc^perfield.     Clara 
Peggotty  married  Barkis  the  caciicr. 


PEGGY. 


J45 


PELLEAS. 


■Mwk  of  tMr  pomi 


11. 


of  tfat  battoai  on  (be 


Daniel  Peggottift  brother  of  David 
CopperfieId*s  nnrse.  Dan'el  waa  a  Tar- 
nioittli  fisherman.  His  nephew  Ham 
pM^gotty,  and  his  brother-in-law's  child 
"little  Em'ly,"  lived  with  him.  Daniel 
himself  was  a  bachelor,  and  a  Mrs.  Gum- 
midge  (widow  of  his  late  partner)  kept 
house  for  him.  Dan*el  PegKotty  was  most 
tender-hearted|  and  Iovm  little  Em'ly 
with  all  his  heart. 

Ham  Peggotty,  nephew  of  Dan'el  Peg- 
ffotty  of  larmonth,  and  son  of  Joe, 
Dan  el*8  brother.  Ham  was  in  love  witii 
little  Emlv,  daughter  of  Tom  (Dan's 
brotber-in-uiw) ;  but  Steerforth  stepped 
in  between  them,  and  stole  Em'ly  away. 
Ham  PeggotW  is  represented  as  the  very 
beao-id€«r  of  an  uneducated,  simple- 
minded,  honest,  and  warm-hearted  fisher- 
man. He  was  drowned  in  his  attempt  to 
fcfleoe  Steerforth  from  the  sea. 

£nCly  Peggotty,  danghter  of  Dan's 
brother-4n-law  Tom.  She  was  engaged 
i»  Ham  P^QSoity ;  but  being  ftucmated 
with  Steer^th,  ran  off  with  him.  She 
was  afterwards  reclaimed,  and  emigrated 
to  Australia  with  Dan'el  and  Mrs.  Gum- 
midge. — C.  Dickens,  David  Copperficld 
(1849). 


%  grandchild  of  the  old  widow 

Maclure  a  eovenanter.  —  Sir  W.   Scott, 
Old  Mortality  (tqne,  C^harles  II.). 

^^dVi  t^  laundry-maid  of  colonel 
Hannering  at  Woodbume. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Ouy  Mannering  (time,  George  II.). 

VotSfSiJ  VT\aif!t\  the  orphan  dand- 
ier of  sir  Thomas  Thrift  of  Hampshire, 
and  the  ward  of  Moody,  who  brings  her 
Dp  in  perfect  seclusion  in  the  countfv. 
When  Moody  is  60  and  Peggy  19,  the 
g^rdian  tries  to  marry  her;  but  "the 
country  girl "  outwits  him,  and  marries 
Bclville,  a  young  man  of  more  suitable 
age.  Peggy  caU^  her  g^rdian  '*Bud.** 
She  is  very  simple  but  sharp,  ingenuous 
but  crafty,  lively  and  girlish.  —  The 
Country  Girl  (Garrick.  altered  from 
Wycheriy*s  Omniry  Wife,  1676). 


Mn.  JocdBR  ri7t»-18ie]  Bads  b«r  flnt  aspMnnoe  la 
LoodoB  at  Dimy  Laaa  In  1785.     The  cbaraeter  ebe 


Mwctcil  was  *  rt$iff,  ner  Miocas  vat  ioiiDediate.  her 
■alacrdotibM.and  abe  waa  allowad  two  beneflU.— W.  C. 
BoawU,  lUprumntatip*  Actor*. 

Peffler  (^'*'*)>  mother  of  Josiah 
Bounderbv,  Esq.,  banker  and  mill-owner, 
caUed  **  the  Bully  of  Humility."  The 
son  allows  the  old  woman  £30  a  year  to 
keep  out  of  si^t. — G.  Dickens,  Hard 
Time*  (1864). 


Pek'uah,  the  attendant  of  princeM 
Nekayah,  of  the  "  happy  valley."  She 
accompanied  the  prmcess  in  her' wander- 
ings, but  refus^  to  enter  the  great 
pyramid,  and,  while  the  princess  was 
exploring  the  chambers,  was  carried  off 
by  some  Arabs.  She  was  afterwards 
ransomed  for  200  ounces  of  gold. — Dr. 
Johnson,  Basselas  (1769). 

Felay'o  (Prince)j  son  of  Favil'a, 
founder  of  the  Spanish  monarchy  after 
the  overthrow  of  Roderick  last  of  the 
(rothic  kings.  He  united,  in  his  own 
person,  the  royal  lines  of  Spain  and  of 
the  Goths. 

In  bfai  the  aid  Iberian  Mood, 
or  royal  and  remolect  aooeetiy 
From  undinatod  •oaree.  flowed  nndellled . . . 
He,  too,  of  Chindawliitbo'f  resal  line 
Sole  romnaat  now,  drew  after  bla  the  love 
OfalllnieOoUia. 

Soother,  Etd»ridt,  «Ca,  rilL  iXfAA). 

Pelham^  the  hero  of  a  novel  bv  lord 
Lytton,  entitled  Pelham  or  The  Adoen- 
twres  of  a  Gentleman  (1828). 

Pelham  (3f.),  one  of  the  many  aliases 
of  sir  R.  Phillips,  under  which  he  pub- 
lished The  Parent's  and  Tutor's  First 
Catechism.  In  the  preface  he  calls  the 
writer  authoress.  Some  of  his  other 
names  are  Rev.  David  Blair,  Rev.  C.  C. 
Clarke,  Rev.  J.  €k>ld8mith. 

Pelian  Si>ear  (^/W),  the  lance  of 
Aching  which  wounded  and  cured  Te'- 
lephos.  So  called  from  Pelens  the  father 
dTAchUl^. 


Saeb  wae  the  care  the  AraaMaa  hero  Iband— 
The  PeUan  ^ear  that  woooded,  made  blm  aomd. 

Orid,  Reuttdg  vf  late. 

Peli'des  (3  sy/.),  Achillas,  son  of 
Peleus  (3  syl.\  chief  of  the  Greek 
warriors  at  the  si^ge  of  Troy. — Homer, 
Iliad, 

When.  Uke  PeBdta,  bold  berend  ooatrol. 
HoBtMT  raised  Mfh  to  beav«n  the  loud  Impetuous  eons. 
Beattie,  Tkt  MimiHrU  \Xm-k\ 

Pellon  ("  mttrf-sprun^ "),  one  of  the 
frog  chieftains. 

A  ipear  at  Pellon,  TroiMTtte  cast 
The  mlMhre  spear  withui  the  bosom  past 
Death's  sable  shades  the  fkliitimc  frog  sarroand. 
And  life's  red  tide  runs  ebblmt  from  the  wound. 
PameO.  BaMm  mf  1M  Prog*  and  Miee.  tU.  (about  171S)l 

Pell  {Solomon),  an  attorney  in  the 
Insolvent  Debtors'  court.  He  has  the 
ver>'  highest  opinions  of  his  own  merits, 
and  by  his  aid  Tony  Weller  contrives  to 
get  his  son  Sam  sent  to  the  Fleet  for  debt, 
that  he  may  be  near  Mr.  Pickwick  to 
protect  and  wait  upon  him. — C.  Dickens, 
The  Pickwick  Papers  (1836). 

PeUeas  {Sir),  lord  of  many  isles,  an^ 


1x17  di 

pmmiMd  to  ulvocate  his  sbh  vith  the 
Ld;,  bat  played  bim  fmlse.  Sir  Pelleu 
CMWbt  Uitiii  in  uns««mlf  dalliuce  vitb 

Ity  tbe  power  qf  eucbuitmtDt,  the  Udy 
wu  nude  to  dote  on  lir  Pellm  ;  but  the 
kniitlit  would  have  Botfaioe  1«  Biy  to  bcr, 
•0  ahe  pined  and  died.  AfUr  the  lady 
Ettard  played  him  filK,  the  Damsel  of 
the  Ijike  "rejoieed  him,  and  they  loved 
tnf;ether  dnrinff  theic  whole  Htri."— Sir 
T.  Malnrv,  ffiilors  of  Prince  Arthur,  i. 
79-82  (H'70). 

*,*  Sir  Pelleaa  mnat  not  be  con- 
roDoded  wiUi  aii  Pellea  iq-v.). 

PelleKrin,  the  pMndooym  ot  Lenotte 
Foiiqa^  (1777-1918). 

PeUea  (Sir),  of  Corbin  Caitle,  ■■  king 
of  the  fongn  land  and  nigh  euiuin  of 
JoKph  ot  Arimathy."  Ue  waa  father  of 
air  Eliuu,  and  of  tba  Udy  filaine  who 
fell  in  love  with  sir  Launcelot,  by  whom 
■be  became  the  mother  ot  air  Galahad 
>>  who  achjered  the  qnect  ot  the  holy 
KTul."  Thii  Elaine  waa  not  (he  "  lily 
maid  of  AaloUt." 

While  sir  Uuncelot  was  viaitiog  king 
Pellea,  a  slimpee  ot  the  holy  giul  waa 


Fellinore  (^),  kir^  of  the  lalei 
and  knight  ot  the  Kound  Table  (pt.  i.  67). 
He  wu  a  good  man  of  power,  waa  called 
"The  KniRht  with  tbe  Stnoger  Ikast," 
and  alcw  king  Lot  of  Orkeney,  but  was 
himself  alain  ten  yeitrs  afterwards  by  sir 
tiawaioc  one  of  Lot's  sons  (pL  i.  35}. 
Sir  Fellinore  (3  ai/l.)  had,  by  the  wife  of 
Ariel  tbe  cowherd,  a  son  named  air  Tor, 
who  waa  tbe  first  kni)(ht  of  the  Round 
Table  created  by  king  Arthur  (pt.  i.  47, 
48) ;  one  daughter,  Klein,  by  the  l^dy  of 
Rule  (pt.  ill.  ID) ;  and  three  i^ons  in  lawfal 
wedlock;  sir  Aglonale  (sometimes  called 
Aglavale,  probably  a  clerical  error),  sir 
Lanionvke  Domar(nlBnealled  sir  I  Amonke 
de  Usiii),  and  sir  Percivale  de  Ualia  (ut.  ii. 
IVS).  llie  widow  Bucceeded  to  the  throne 
'j»t.  iii.  10).— Sir  T.  Malory,  History  of 

Prl"^    IrtAw  lllTfll. 


v.4rtAiB-(U7(l). 


Pelob'stea  (4  t^.),  one  of  the  frag 
chamjHons.  The  word  meaot  "mirf- 
wader."  In  the  battle  he  flingi  a  heap 
ot  mnd  againet  Psvcarpax  the  Hector 
of  the  mice,  and  half  Minds  him;  but 
the  warrinr  moose  beaves  a  stone  "whose 
bulk  would  need  (en  degenerate  mk*  of 
■nndtra  days  to  lift,"  and  (he  mass,  falling 
on  (he  "  mod-wader,"  breaks  hia  leg. — 
Pamell,  Battle  of  tht  Frogw  and  i6a,  tiu 
(about  171!). 

ParopB'  Shoulder,  iToiy.  Tba 
tale  is  that  DeB«t«  ate  the  shanlda  at 
P«lnp«  wheo  it  waa  (erred  np  by  Tan'- 
talo*  for  food.  Tbe  god*  reKored  Pelon 
to  life  by  puttlnK  (^  disaanbeied  badjr 
into  a  caldroo,  hat  foood  Uiat  it  tothad 
a  idioulder ;  whereupon  Demetcr  aap- 
jdied  hin  with  4i    '        "     ■- "  - 


all  h 


bonU 


Pelo'rna,  Sicily;  strictly  speaUnK, 
tbe  nnrlh-eait  promontoiy  of  that  island, 
called  Oipa  di  Fero,  from  a  pharoa  or 
lighthouse  to  Poseidon,  which  onca 
aMod  there. 


1  Uioa 


Pelos,  father  of  Phvei;^;na'th 
of  the  frogs.  The  word  nieaos 
— Famell,  BatUt  of  the  Frogt  a 
(about  1712). 

Pembroke   ( T/ie  earl  of),  noela  to 

sir  ATmet  de  Valence 8ir   W,   Scott, 

Qutls  DaayrrtM*  (time,  Henry  I.). 

Pembroke  {Tht  Rev.  Mr.),  etaapbun  at 
■Wiverlcy  Honour.— Sir  W.  Sco»^  Wa- 
nerley  (time,  George  II.). 

Feo,   Philemon   Halland,  tnmaUtnt- 


PENDENNIS. 


747 


PENLAKE. 


begkmiiig  to  end  with  one  pen,  md 
be  himself  wrote : 

With  one  Mle  pMi  I  writ  thb  kook. 

Made  of  a  znj  gotMe-quUl ; 
▲  pen  it  «M  wben  It  I  took, 

AntapMiIlMmltatUL 

Pendexmis  (^r^Atcr),  psendonym  of 
W.  M.  Thackeraj  in  2%e  Newcomes 
(1854). 

Pendemm^  a  novel  b^  Thadceiay 
(1849),  in  whidi  much  of  his  own  history 
and  experirace  is  recorded  with  «  nove- 
liat*8  Hceaee.  Pendenws  stands  in  relation 
to  Thaekeray  as  Daoid  Copperfieid  does  to 
Charies  Dickens. 

Arthur  Pendennis,  a  young  man  of 
ardent  feelings  and  lively  intelleet,  but 
self-conceited  and  selfish.  He  has  a 
keen  sense  of  honour,  and  a  capacity  for 
loving,  bat  altogether  he  is  not  an  at- 
tractive character. 

Lawra  Pendenms.  This  is  one  of  the 
best  of  Thackeray*s  characters. 

Major  PendenntSy  a  toft-hunter,  who 
ftiwns  on  his  patrons  for  the  sake  of 
Wedging  himself  into  their  society. — 
History  of  Peitdenni*,  published  origin- 
ally in  monthly  parts,  oeginning  1849. 

Pendrag'on,  probably  a  title  mean- 
ine  **ehief  leader  in  war."  Dragon  b 
Welsh  for  a  *'  leader  in  war,*"  and  pen  for 
"  head  **  or  "  chief."  The  title  was  given 
to  Uther,  brother  of  Constans,  and  »ther 
of  prinoa  Arthoz.  Like  the  word  '*  Fha- 
lacHi,"  it  is  used  as  a  proper  name  with- 
out the  article. — Geoftrey  of  Monmouth, 
Ckron.f  vi.  (1142). 

OnealrMd. 
TliAt  itoM  Fandrafloii  In  hla  litter.  aUk, 
~      it0UMSeM.aiMlviuiqaMiMiasfofli^ 

1  ifoMry  r/.  act  UL  K.  t  aaV). 


Penel'opa's  Web,  a  work  that 
never  progresses.  Pcnelop$,  the  wife  of 
Utjrsses,  being  Importunated  by  several 
smtors  during  her  hnsband*s  long  ab- 
sence, made  reply  that  she  could  not 
marry  again,  even  if  Ulysses  were  dead, 
till  she  had  finished  wmving  a  shroud 
for  her  aged  father-in-law.  Every  night 
she  pulled  oat  what  she  had  woven 
during  the  day,  and  thus  the  shroud 
made  no  progress  towards  completion. — 
Greek  MythtMogy, 

The  French  say  of  a  work  "never 
ending,  still  begisning,"  c*eH  roHcrage  de 
P^n^pt, 

Penel'ophony  the  beggar  loved  by 
king  Cophetua.  Shakespeare  calls  the 
name  Zenelophon  in  Looe^8  LcAowr's 
Loaif  act  iv.  sc.  1  (1594). — Percy,  He- 
tiques,  I.  U.  6  (1765). 


PonelTa  (The  Exploits  and  Adven- 
tttreM  of),  part  of  the  series  called  Le 
Roman  aes  Momans,  pertaining  to  **  Aui'- 
adis  of  Gaul."  This  part  was  added  by 
an  anonymous  Portuguese  (fifteenth  cen- 
tury). 

Penfeather  {Jjodtf  Penelope),  the 
lady  patroness  at  tne  Spa. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
St.  Ronan's  Well  (time,  George  III.). 

Pengwem  (The  Torch  of)^  prince 
Gwenwyn  of  Powys-land. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
The  Betrothed  (time,  Henry  II.). 

PenffWinion  (Mr»),  from  Cornwall ; 
a  Jacomte  conspirator  with  Mr.  Red- 
gaantlet.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Pedgauntlet 
(time,  George  III.). 

Peninsular  War  (The),  the  war 
carried  on  by  sir  Aruiur  Wellosley 
agiiinst  Napoleon  in  Portugal  and  Spain 
(1808-1814). 

Southey  wrote  a  History  cf  the  Penin- 
sular War  (1822-82). 

Penitents  of  IiOTe  (Fraternity  of 
the),  an  institution  established  in  Langue- 
doc  in  the  thirteenth  century,  consisting 
of  kni^ts  and  esquires,  dames  and 
damsels,  whose  object  was  to  prove  the 
excess  of  their  love  by  bearing,  with 
invincible  constancy,  the  extremes  of 
heat  and  cold.  They  passed  the  greater 
part  of  the  day  abroad,  wandering  about 
from  castle  to  castle,  wherever  they  were 
summoned  by  the  inviolable  duties  of 
lo\'eand  gallantry ;  so  that  many  of  these 
devotees  perished  by  the  inclemency  of 
the  weather,  and  recdyed  the  crown  of 
martyrdom  to  their  profession.  —  See 
Warton,  History  of  English  Poetry 
(1781). 

Penlake  (Richard),  a  cheerful  man, 
both  frank  and  free,  but  married  to 
Rebecca  a  terrible  shrew.  Rebecca 
knew  if  she  once  sat  in  St.  Michael's 
chair  (on  SL  Michael's  Mount,  in  Corn- 
wall), that  she  would  rule  her  husband 
ever  after ;  so  she  was  very  desirous  of 
going  to  the  mount.  It  so  happened  that 
Richard  fell  sick,  and  both  vowed  to 
give  six  marks  to  St.  liichael  if  he  re- 
covered. Richard  did  recover,  and  they 
visited  the  shrine;  but  while  Richard 
was  making  the  offering,  Rebecca  ran  to 
seat  herself  in  St.  Michaers  chair ;  but 
no  sooner  had  she  done  so,  than  she  fell 
from  the  chair,  and  was  killed  in  the 
fall.— Southey,  SK.  MichaeCs  Chair  (a 
baUad,  1798). 


PENNILESS. 


748 


PEONIA. 


Penniless  {The)^  MAsimUiMi  I. 
emperor  of  Gemuuiy  (1459,  1493-1519). 

Penny  {Jock\  *  highwayman. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Guy  Mannering  (time,  George 
II.). 

Penruddook  {Boderkk)^  a  "  philo- 
sopher,** or  rather  a  recluse,  who  spent 
^is  time  in  reading.  By  nature  gentl& 
4iind-hearted,  and  generous,  bat  soured 
'by  wrongs.  Woodrille,  his  trusted 
friend,  although  he  knew  tluU  Arabella 
was  betrothed  to  Roderick,  induced  her 
father  to  give  his  daughter  to  himself, 
the  richer  man  ;  and  Koderick*8  life  was 
blasted.  Woodville  had  a  son,  who  re- 
duced himself  to  positive  indigence  by 
gambling,  and  sir  George  Penruddock 
was  the  chief  creditor.  Sir  George  dying, 
all  h\%  property  came  to  his  cousin  Rode- 
rick, who  now  had  ample  means  to  glut 
his  revenge  on  his  treacnerous  friend ;  but 
his  heart  softened.  First,  he  settled  all 
"  t^e  obligations,  bonds,  and  mortgages, 
covering  the  whole  Woodville  property," 
on  Henry  Woodville,  that  he  might  mar^ 
Emily  Tempest ;  and  next,  he  restored  to 
Mrs.  Woodville  **her  settlement,  which, 
in  her  husband's  desperate  ne<^8sity,  she 
had  resigned  to  him ; "  lastly,  he  sold 
all  his  own  estates,  and  retired  again  to 
a  country  cottage  to  his  books  and  soli- 
tude.—Cumberland,  Tks  Wheel  of  Fortvno 
(1779). 

Who  bM  MM  J.  KMuMe  (1797-18»]  Im  "PMimd. 
doek."  aiMl  not  ahwl  twn  from  Um  deepwt  MNiren  t  Hb 
tanderljr  paUliif  ftwnjr  Um  mhi  of  hb  trenctwrom  Mend, 
.  .  .  Mwnlninc  hb  countcrainoe.  iind  tiwn  •xcloimlnK.  in 
m  voioa  which  dcroloped  n  thoMmnd  nijntariaus  reeliiigB, 
**  Yo«i  Mra  vwrr  like  your  mother ; "  was  nflkient  to  •tnnip 
kb  etMltenca  hi  Am  jmthMk  Uno  at  metkm.'-Mn.  K. 
Tnmdtu  Jtemahu  {I9tli, 

Pentap'olin,  ''with  the  naked  arm," 
king  of  the  Garaman'teans,  who  always 
went  to  battle  with  his  right  arm  bare. 
Alifanfaron  emperor  of  Trap'oban  vrishei 
to  marry  his  dauf^ter,  but,  being  re- 
fused, resolved  to  urge  his  suit  by  tiie 
sword.  When  don  Quixote  saw  two 
flockt  of  sheep  coming  along  the  road 
in  opposite  directions,  he  told  Sancho 
Panza  they  were  the  armies  of  these  two 
puissant  monarchs  met  in  i^rray  against 
each  other.—Cervantes,  J)<m  Quixote.  1. 
iii.  4  (1605). 

Pontecdte  Vivante  (Za),  cardinal 
Mexzofanti.  who  was  the  majter  of  fifty 
or  fifty-eignt  languages  (1774-1849). 

Penthe'a,  sister  of  Ith'oclcs,  be- 
trothed to  (Vgilus  by  the  consent  of  her 
fkther.  At  the  death  of  her  father, 
ItfaocU^s  oompclled  her  to  marry  Bass - 


anes  whom  she  hated,  and  die  aiaiwxi 
herself  to  death.— John  Ford,  The  Broken 
Heart  (1633). 

Penthesile'a*  qoeen  of  the  Amazons, 
slain  by  Achilles.  8.  Botler  calls  the 
name  **  Penthes'ild." 


And  bid  about  in  llskt 
Hum  tb*  AnuMOokin  danM  Pwithwib. 

aBoticr, 


I 


Pen'theus  (8  «y/.),  a  king  of  Thebes, 
who  tried  to  abolish  the  oigies  of 
Bacchus,  but  was  dri^'en  mad  bv  the 
offended  god.  In  his  madnesi  be  climbed 
into  a  tree  to  witness  the  rites,  and  being 
descried  was  torn  to  pieces  by  the  Bac- 
chantes. 

A*  when  wild  PyitfiMM.  grmra  mnd  with  feni^ 
Who)«  trooiM  oTholMi  hi««  aboMl  Mm  Rplm. 
GU«  FloUrhcr,  CkrUt*  Triumsjk  •*«r  Jicath  (1C]«). 

Pen'thcue  (2  «///.),  king  of  Thebea, 
resisted  the  introduction  of  the  worship 
of  Dyoni'sos  {Bacchus^  into  his  kingdom, 
in  consequence  of  which  the  Bacchantes 
pulled  his  palace  to  the  ground,  ud 
rentheus,  dnven  from  the  throne,  was  torn 
to  pieces  on  mount  Cithanron  by  his  emn 
mother  and  her  two  sisters. 

II«tb«hte[nMribw] 
Of  lober  PmtltMit. 

Pdntweaael  {Alderman),  a  rich  CStr 
merchant  of  Blowbladder  Street  He  m 
wholly  submissive  to  his  wife,  whom  1m 
always  addresses  as  *'  CSiuck." 

Mrt,  Pentweaxelf  the  alderman*8  wtfs, 
very  ignorant,  very  vain,  and  renr  con- 
ceitedly humble.  She  was  a  Griakia  by 
birth,  and  "  all  her  family  by  the 
mother's  side  were  famous  for*  their 
eyes."  She  had  an  aunt  among  the 
beauties  of  Windsor,  "a  perdigious  fine 
woman.  She  had  bat  one  eye.  but  tkat 
was  a  piercer,  and  got  her  three  husbaada. 
We  was  caUed  the  gimlet  family."  Mrs, 
Pentweaxel  says  Mr  first  likeness  was 
done  after  **  Venus  de  Medicis  the  siater 
of  Mary  de  Medicis." 

Sukey  Pentweaxel,  daughter  of  tiie 
alderman,  recently  married  to  Mr.  Deputy 
Dripping  of  Caodlewick  Yard. 

CoirelPentweazel,  a  schoolboy,  who  bad 
been  under  Dr.  Jerks,  near  Donoaster,  for 
two  years  and  a  quarter,  and  had  leamt 
•U  Aam  Prementt  W  heart.  The  terms  of 
this  school  were  £10  a  year  for  food, 
books,  board,  clothes,  and  tuitioiu— 
Foote,  Taste  (1758). 

Peonla  or  Peson'ia,  Macedonia;  so 

called  from  P»on  son  of  Endymion. 

Mado  Mncsdon  IbstHoMii,  then  ThMMljr  nnd  Ibcne*  t 
Hb  aoUlan  ttNra  Miflebod  vUb  aU  Poenfe'a  1^00. 
OnqrtfMt,  Fot^mMtH,  vtti.  (1~~ 


}\ 


PEOPLE. 


749 


PERDITA. 


People  (Mf€m  of  the),  Charkfl  Jftines 
Fox  (1749-1806). 

Pepin  (William),  a  White  friar  and 
most  xamoos  preacher  at  the  beginning 
of  the  sixteenth  centory.  His  sermons, 
in  eight  yolumea  quarto,  formed  the 
{inland  repertory  of  the  preachers  of  those 
times. 

QbI  BMdt  FepiiMic  BMcft  pnadiare.— AroMrdu 

Pei>per  Gate,  a  gate  on  the  east 
side  of  the  city  of  Chester.  It  ia  said 
that  the  daughter  of  the  mayor  eloped, 
and  the  mayor  ordered  the  «ite  to  be 
closed.  Hence  the  proverb.  When  yowr 
daughter  i$  sMen,  ctoae Pepper  Gate;  or 
in  other  words,  Look  the  itable  door  when 
the  tteed  ie  stolen,— Albert  Smith,  Chrie- 
Upher  Tadpole,  u 

Pepperpot  {Sir  Peter),  n  West 
Indian  epicure,  immensely  rich,  con- 
eeited,  and  irritable. — Foote,  The  Patron 
(1764). 

Peppoxs.  (See  White  Hobse  of 
TIIB  Pkppkrs.) 

Peps  {Dr.  Parker)^  a  court  physician 
who  attended  the  first  Mrs.  Dombey  on 
her  death-bed.  Dr.  Peps  always  gave  his  . 
patients  (by  mistake,  of  course),  a  title, 
to  impress  them  with  the  idea  that  his 
practice  was  exclusively  confined  to  the 
upper  ten  thousand. — C.  Dickens,  Dombey 
and  Son  (1846). 

Peit^oefbreet  (i^),  the  here  of  a 
prose  romance  *'in  Greek.**  The  MS. 
la  said  to  have  been  foond  by  count 
WUliam  of  Hainaolt  in  a  cabinet  at 
*'Burtinier**  Abbey,  on  the  Hurober; 
and  in  the  same  cabinet  was  deposited  a 
crown,  which  the  count  sent  to  .  kii^ 
Edward.  The  MS.  was  turned  into 
Latin  by  St.  Landelain,  and  thence  into 
French  under  Uie  title  of  La  Trea  Elegante 
Delicieux  MeUifiue  et  Tree  Plaimnte  Hye- 
toire  du  Tree  NMe  Hoy  Peroeforeet 
(printed  at  Pari*  in  15:^). 

(Of  course,  this  pretended  discovery  is 
only  an  invention.  An  analysis  of  the 
romance  is  given  in  Dnnlop*s  Hietory  of 
Ftction,) 

He  was  called  **  Perceforest**  because 
be  dared  to  pierce,  almost  alone,  an  en- 
chanted/orr«£,  where  women  and  children 
were  most  evilly  entoeated.  Qiarles  IX. 
of  France  was  especially  fond  of  this 
romance. 

Perch,  messenger  in  the  house  of 
Mr.  Dombey,  merchant,  whom  he  adored, 
and  plainly  showed  by  his  manner  to  the 


great  man:   **Tou  are  the  light  of  my 
eyes,'*  "  You  are  the  breath  of  my  soul. 
— <;.  Dickens,  Dombey  and  Son  (1846). 

Perohe  ISTotary  (A),  a  lawyer  who 

sets  people  together   by  the   ears,   one 

who  makes  more  quarrels  than  contracts. 

The  French  provero  is,  Notaire  du  Perche, 

qui  pasee  plus  d'6;haliier$  que  de  contrat, 

L0  Parehs,  qui  wt  tnart  pwtRsi  Mitiv  Im  dAnurtCBMate 
4e  I'OriM  at  d'Iiii«-«»-Lolr,  mt  an  eootrte  fort  bobte. 
iiuM  hKioelle  k  nlaiMrt  det  cfaamiM  tont  entourit  dc 
ksiaii.  dans  laiqoiMat  aont  mfciag^w  oeftalms  omrMtuTw 


■wpwi  4  douMT  pMHHt  wn  pMtou  waleaiuirt.  et  qaa 
roa  Bomme  iekamtr$.—EUatr0  U  OiU. 

Peroinety  a  fairy  prince,  in  love  with 
Graciosa.  The  prince  succeeds  in  thwart- 
ing the  malicious  designs  of  Gro^on,  the 
step-mother  of  the  lovely  pnnoess. — 
Percinet  and  Oracio$a  (a  fairy  tale). 

Percdval  (Sir),  the  third  son  of  sir 
Pellinore  king  of  Wales.  His  brothers 
were  sir  AgTavale  and  sir  Lamorake 
Domar,  usually  called  sir  Lamorake  de 
Galis  (Waiea),  Sir  Tor  was  his  half- 
brother.  Sir  Percival  caught  a  sight  of 
the  holy  graal  after  his  combat  with 
sir  Ector  de  Maris  (brother  of  sir  Launce- 
lot),  and  both  were  miraculously  healed 
bv  it.  Cr<$tien  de  Troves  wrote  the 
Jioman  de  Perceval  (before  1200),  and 
Menessier  produced  the  same  story  in  a 
metrical  form.    (See  Parzival.) 

Sr  PMcivate  had  a  gUmnxring  of  Um  SancgrMll  and  of 
tlw  maMaa  tiiat  bare  it,  for  he  wae  pecfeet  and  ckaa. 
And  furthwiUi  Umt  were  both  ai  whole  of  Haiband  hid* 


they  trerelu  their  life  dajrk  "Ob  BMNjI'Mldilr 
PerdTal.'*  what  najr  this  mean  t".  .  .  "  I  wot  waB.' aid 
iirBrtor  ...  "it  it  the  holy  rmml  whewla  ia  a  part  ef 
the  holy  blood  or  our  blened  Sarlour;  but  it nuur  not  ba 
aeea  but  by  a  perfect  man."— PC  iiL  14. 

Sir  Percival  was  with  sir  Bors  and  sir 
Galahad  when  Uie  visible  Saviour  went 
into  the  consecrated  wafer  which  was 
given  to  them  by  the  bishop.  This  is 
called  the  achievement  of  the  quest  of 
the  holy  graal  (pt.  iii.  101,  102).— Sir 
T.  Malory,  Bistory  of  Prince  Arthur 
(1470). 

Percy  Airundel  lord  Ashdale, 
son  of  ladv  Arundel  by  her  second, 
husband.  A  hot,  fiery  youth,  proud  and 
overbearing.  When  grown  to  manhood, 
a  *' sea-captain,**  named  Norman,  made 
love  to  Violet,  lord  Ashdale's  cousin. 
The  young  **Hotsprr*'  was  indignant 
and  somewhat  jealous,  but  discovered 
that  Norman  was  the  son  of  lady  Arundel 
by  her  first  husband,  and  the  heir  to  the 
title  and  estates.  In  the  end,  Norman 
agreed  to  divide  the  property  equally, 
but  claimed  Violet  for  his  bride. — Lord 
Lytton,  The  Sea-Captain  (1839). 

Per'dita,  the  daughter  of  the  queen 


PERDITA. 


700 


PEREGSIKE. 


Hennioii^  born  in  prison.  Her  ftiCher, 
king  Leont^,  commanded  tiie  infant  to  be 
cast  on  a  desert  shore,  and  left  to  peririi 
there.  Being  pot  to  sea,  the  vessel  was 
driven  by  a  storm  to  the  ** coast**  of 
Bohemia,  and  the  infant  child  was 
brought  up  by  a  shepherd,  who  called  its 
name  Perdlta.  Flor'izel,  the  son  of  the 
Bohemian  king,  fell  in  love  with  Perdita, 
and  coarted  her  under  the  assomed  name 
of  Doricl^  ;  but  the  king,  having  tracked 
his  son  to  the  shepherd's  hut,  tela  Perdita 
that  if  she  did  not  at  once  discontinue 
this  foolery,  he  would  command  her  and 
the  shepherd  too  to  be  put  to  death. 
Florizel  and  Perdita  now  fled  from 
Bohemia  to  Sicily,  and  being  introduced 
to  the  king,  it  was  soon  discovered  that 
Perdita  was  LeontSs's  daughter.  The 
Bohemian  king,  having  tracked  his  son 
to  Sicily,  arrived  just  m  time  to  hear  the 
news,  and  gave  his  joyful  consent  to  the 
union  which  he  had  before  forbidden. 
-Shakespeare,  The  Winter's  Tale  (1604). 

Per'ditay  Mrs.  Mary  Robinson  (bom 
Darby),  the  victim  of  George  TV.  while 
prince  of  Wales.  She  first  attracted  his 
notice  while  acting  the  part  of  "Perdita,** 
and  the  prince  called  himself  "Flori- 
xel.**  George  prince  of  Wales  settled  a 
pension  for  life  on  her,  £500  a  year  for 
nerself,  and  £200  a  year  for  her  daughter. 
She  caught  cold  one  winter,  and,  losing 
the  use  of  her  limbs,  could  neither  walk 
nor  stand  (1758-1799,  not  1800  as  is  given 
usually). 


Sbe  WM  wxnwHowhly  rwrj  hmMM.  bat  moraM  la 
the  Cms  tban  la  Um  flcnre:  Mid  the  hud  a  remarkable 
tmemT  in  adapting  ber  daportmant  to  drcMi  .  .  .  To-dar 
aba  waa  a  pajfrnnn*  wltb  a  straw  bat  ti«d  at  tba  back  of 
bar  baod  .  .  .  yattcrd«|r  aba  had  baan  tba  drcawd  balla 
of  Hjrda  Park,  trinunad.  powdarad.  patobad.  palntad  ta 
tba  utmoat  povar  of  roime  and  wblta  lead :  to-ntorrow 
aba  would  be  tba  oaratad  Amaaon  of  tba  riiUng-boasa: 
but  be  ana  wbat  aba  migbt.  tba  bau  of  tba  tehtonabla 
promaaadera  awapt  tba  gnmnd  at  aba  paaaed.  Wbci.  iba 
roda  fortb  in  bar  liigb  irimaton.  tbraa  candidataa  luid  bar 
hnsband  ware  oatrldm.— Mrs.  Hawkini;  MmmUrt  (1800). 

Perdrix,  toujotirs  Ferdrix ! 
Walpole  tells  us  that  the  confessor  of  one 
of  the  French  kings,  having  reproved  the 
monarch  for  his  coningal  infidelities,  was 
asked  what  dish  he  liked  best.  The  con- 
fessor replied,  "Partridges ; "  and  the  king 
had  partridges  served  to  him  every  day, 
till  tne  confessor  got  quite  sick  of  Uiem. 
"  Perdrix,  toujours  perdrix  !  '*  he  would 
exclaim,  as  the  dish  was  set  before  him. 
After  a  time,  the  king  visited  him,  and 
hoped  his  favourite  dSsh  had  been  sup- 
plied him.  "Mais  oui,*'  he  replied, 
**  toujours  jperdrix,  toujours  perdrix  !  ** 
<*Ah,  ah  !'^  said  the  amorous  monarch, 


**  and  one  Mistiness  is  all  very  wdl,  Iml 

not  perdrix,  toujours  perdrix  I** — See 
Notes  and  Queries,  337,  October  23,  1869. 

The  story  is  at  least  as  old  as  the  Cent 
Nouvetles  liouvelles,  compiled  between 
1450-1461,  for  the  amusement  of  the 
dau|^n  of  France,  afterwards  Louis  XI. 
{Xotes  and  Queries,  November  27,  1869). 

*«*  Farquhar  narodies  the  Frnich  ex- 
mession  into,  "  doup  for  breakfast,  soup 
for  dinner,  sonp  for  sapper,  and  soap  for 
breakliBst  agaia." — ^Farauhar,  7%e  Inoom- 
§tant,  IT.  2  (1702). 

Pdre  Duchesne  (Le),  Jaoquea 
Ben^  Hubert ;  so  caUed  from  the  Fir* 
Duoheenej  a  newspaper  of  which  he  waa 
the  editor  (1755-1794). 

Feread  (Sir),  the  Black  Kniglit  ^ 
the  Black  Lands.  Galled  by  Temqrsoo, 
*«  Night  **  or  "  Nox.**  He  was  one  «<  the 
four  brothers  who  kept  the  passages  t* 
Castle  Perilous,  and  was  overthrown  by 
sir  Gareth.— Sir  T.  Malory,  Jiist^rg  of 
Prince  Arthur,  u  126  (1470)  ;  Tennyson^ 
Idylls  ("Garetb  and  Lynette*'). 

Peredur  (Sir),  son  of  Evrawc,  called 
"  sir  Peredur  of  tiie  Long  Spear,**  one  of 
the  knights  of  the  Round  Table.  He  was 
for  many  years  called  "  The  Dumb 
Touth,**  from  a  vow  be  made  to  speak 
to  no  Christian  till  Angharad  of  the 
Golden  Hand  loved  him  better  than  she 
loved  any  other  man.  His  great  achieve- 
ments were :  (1)  the  conqMstof  the  Black 
Oppressor  J  "who  oppressed  every  mm 
and  did  justice  to  ne  one;  (2)  killing 
the  Addanc  of  the  Lake,  a  moosler  thM 
devoured  daily  some  of  the  sons  of  the 
king  of  Tortures :  thb  exploit  he  waa 
enabled  to  achieve  b^  means  of  a  stone 
which  kept  him  invisible;  ^3)  slaying 
the  three  hundred  heroes  pnvil^red  to 
sit  round  the  countess  <^  the  Adiieve- 
ments  t  on  the  death  of  these  men,  the 
seat  next  the  countess  was  freely  given 
to  him ;  (4)  the  achievement  of  the 
Mount  of  Mourning,  where  waa  a  serpent 
with  a  stone  in  its  tail  which  would  give 
inexhaustible  wealth  to  its  possessor: 
sir  Peredur  killed  the  serpent,  but  gave 
the  stone  to  his  companion,  earl  Etlj'm  of 
the  east  countrv.  These  exploits  over, 
sir  Peredur  lived  fourteen  years  with  the 
empress  Cristinobyl  the  Great. 

Sir  Peredur  is  the  Welsh  name  for  sir 
Perceval  of  Wales.  —  The  Mabinogion 
(from  the  Red  Book  of  Heigest,  twelfth 
century). 

(3  syi.),  a   sentimental 


PEREGRINE  PICKLE. 


761       PERICLES  PRINCE  OP  TYRE. 


prif ,  who  talks  by  the  book.    At  the  •gt 
of  15,  he  rnns  ftway  from  home,  and  Job 
Thomberry  lends  him  ten  ii^ineas,  "  the 
first  earnings  of  his  trade  as  a  brazier." 
After  thirty  years*  absence,  Pere^ne  re- 
tarns,  jast  as  the   old  brazier  is  made 
a  bankrupt  "  through  the  treachery  of  a 
friend."    He  tells  tiie  bankrupt  that  his 
loan  of  ten  guineas  has  by  honest  trade 
ffTown  to  10,000,  and  these  he  returns  to 
Thomberry  as  his  own  by  right.    It  turns 
out  that  Peregrine  is  the  eldest  brother  of 
sir  Simon  Rochdale,  J. P.,  and  when  sir 
Simon  refuses  justice  to  the  old  brazier, 
Per^rine  asserts  his  right  to  the  estate, 
etc.    At  the  same  time^  ne  hears  that  the 
ship  he  thought  was  wrecked  has  come 
safe  into  port,  and  has  thus  brought  him 
£100,000.— G.  Colman,  junior,  John  Bull 
(1805). 

Peregrine  Pidkle,  the  hero  and 
title  of  a  Borei  by  Smollett  (1751).  Pere- 
grine Pickle  is  a  savage,  ungrateful 
spendthrift,  fond  of  practical  jokes,  and 
soilierEng  with  evil  temper  the  misfortunes 
brought  OB  himself  by  his  own  wilful- 


PeregrPnns  Proteus,  a  cynic  phi- 
losopher, bom  at  Parium,  on  the  Helles- 
poQti  After  a  youth  spent  in  debauchery 
sod  crimes,  he  turned  Christian,  and,  to 
obliterate  the  memory  of  his  youthful  ill 
practices,  divided  his  inheritance  among 
the  people.  Ultimately  he  burned  him- 
self to  death  in  public  at  the  Olympic 
^ames,  a.d.  165.  Lucan  has  held  up  this 
immolation  to  ridicule  in  his  Death  of 
PeregrtHnu ;  and  C.  M.  Wielaad  has  an 
historic  romance  in  German  entitied 
Pertgrmus  Prvtetu  (1783-1818). 

Pei^es  (OS)^  a  canon,  and  the  eldest 
brother  of  Gil  Bias's  mother.  Gil  was 
a  little  puncher  man,  three  feet  and  a  half 
high,  with  his  head  sunk  between  his 
shoulders.  He  lived  well,  and  brought 
op  his  nephew  and  godchild  Gil  BUs. 
**  In  so  doing,  P^rSs  taught  himself  also 
to  read  his  breviary  without  stumbling. ** 
He  was  the  most  illiterate  canon  of  tiie 
whole  chapter.  —  Lesage,  Gil  Bku,  L 
(1715). 

Peres  (Michael),  the  <*  copper  captain," 
a   bimve   Spanish    soldier,    duped    into 
.    laarrying  Estifania,  a  servant  of  intrigue, 
'    who   passed  herself   off   as    a    lady  of 
.    prope^y.    Being  reduced  to  great  ex- 
tremities, Estifania  pawned  the  clothes 
and  valuables  of  her  husband  ;  but  these 
«*  valuables  **  were  but  of  little  worth— a 
Jewel  which  sparkled  as  the  "  light  of  a 


dark  lanthora,**  a  "chain  of  whitings* 

eyes  "  for  pearls,  and  as  for  his  clothes, 

she  tauntingly  says  to  her  husband : 

Pat  ti«Me  and  tiiem  {hUJewtU]  on,  sad  jwt'n  *  man  of 

eopper. 
▲  eoppar,  copper  aiptein. 

Beuunont  «nd  Fletcher.  Am7«  a  Wt/t  eutd 
Httw  a  W\f  (ISIO). 


PerfldiouB  Albion.  Great  Britain 
was  so  called  by  Napoleon  I. 

Peri,  pin.  Peris,  gentle,  fairy-like 

beings  of  Eastem  mythology,  offspring 

of  tne  fallen  angels,  and  constituting  a 

race  of  beings  b^ween  angels  and  men. 

They  direct  with  a  wand  the  pure-minded 

the  way  to  heaven,  and  dwell  in  Shadu'- 

kiam'  wnd  Am'bre-abad,  two  cities  subject 

toEbUs. 

An  tke  patlM  eomlag  Sov»  ftom  their  ^ibarM  t 

W.  Becfcf  onl.  KoOck  (1788). 

Pe'riohole,  the  heroine  of  Offen- 
bach's comic  o^retta.  She  is  a  street 
singer  of  Lima,  in  Pera. 

Perichole  (La)j  the  chere  amie  of  the 
late  viceroy  of  Pera.  She  was  a  foreigner, 
and  gave  great  offence  bv  calling,  in  her 
bad  Spanish,  the  Creole  ladies  pericltoku, 
which  means  "flaunting  and  bedizened 
creatures.**  The^,  in  retaliation,  nick- 
named the  favourite  La  Perichole, 

Pericles,  the  Athenian  who  raised 
himself  to  royal  supremacy  (died  n.c. 
429).  On  his  death-bed  he  overheard  his 
friends  recalling  his  various  merits,  and 
told  them  they  had  forgotten  his  greatest 
praise,  viz.,  that  no  Athenian  throng  his 
administration  had  had  to  put  on  mourn- 
ing, i.e,  he  had  caused  no  one  to  be  put 
to  death. 


PeH'«les«M*fuMMiauMi«r«arrs.  . . 

Tet  at  hb  deaUi  he  rather  did  rajoira 

In  demende.  .  .  .  "Be  MIB.' quoth  ha.  "yoB  grar* 

Atbeaiam" 
(Who  whkperM  and  told  his  vmHaat  acta) ; 
"You  harvfoiiatiiiritreateetgloriefot: 
For  )ret  by  ne  noriaiiie  oecarioa 
Wai  never  Mnc  a  mouming  sarmentwom.*' 

G.  GoMolsiM.  nu  SCMfe  mat  (died  1S77). 

Per'ioles  prince  of  Tyre,  a 
voluntary  exile,  in  order  to  avert  the 
calamities  which  Anti'ochus  emperor 
of  Greece  vowed  against  the  Tyrians. 
Periclds,  in  his  uranderings,  first  came  to 
Tarsus,  which  he  reliev^  from  famine, 
but  was  obliged  to  quit  the  city  to  avoid 
the  persecution  of  Antioidius.  He  was  then 
shipwrecked,  and  cast  on  the  shore  of 
Pentap'olis,  where  he  distinguished  him- 
self in  the  public  games,  and  being  in- 
troduced to  the  king,  fell  in  love  with 
the  princess  Thats'a  and  married  her. 
At  the  deaUi  of  Antiochus,  he  returned  to 
Tyre ;  but  his  wife,  supposed  to  be  dead 


PERIGORT. 


769 


PERIWINKLE. 


in  giving  birth  to  a  d*nghter  (MArina), 
was  thrown  into  the  sea.  Pericles  en- 
trosted  his  infant  child  to  Cleon  (governor 
of  Tarsus)  and  his  wife  Dionysia,  who 
brought  her  up  excellently  well  till  she 
became  a  young  woman,  when  Dionysia 
emplovedaman  to  murder  her;  and  when 
Periclb  came  to  see  her,  he  was  shown 
a  splendid  sepulchre  which  had  been 
raised  to  her  honour.  On  his  return 
home,  the  ship  stopped  at  Metaling,  and 
Marina  was  introduced  to  Periclds  to 
divert  his  melancholy.  She  told  him  the 
tale  of  her  life,  and  he  discovered  that 
she  was  his  daughter.  Marina  was  now 
betrothed  to  Lysim'achus  governor  of 
Metalind;  and  the  party,  going  to  the 
ehrine  of  Diana  of  Epbesus  to  retnm 
thanks  to  the  goddess,  discovered  the 
priestess  to  be  ThaTsa,  the  wife  of  Pericles 
and  mother  of  Marina.  —  Shakespeare, 
Pericles  Prince  of  Tyre  (1608). 

*^*  lliis  is  the  story  of  Ismene  and 
Isineniae^  by  Eustathius.  The  tale  was 
known  to  Gower  by  the  translation  of 
Godfrey  Viterbo. 

PerigOX*t  (^CardiiuU),  Pre\'iou8  to  the 
battle  of  Poitiers,  he  endeavours  to  nego- 
tiate terms  with  the  French  king,  but  the 
only  terms  he  can  obtain,  he  tells  prince 
Edward,  are : 

That  to  Uie  cMtlem  towns,  and  phnder  ta'en. 
And  ofbrad  now  by  rou  to  be  nMtored, 
Tour  TOfX  iierton  with  n  hundred  knlxbta 
Are  to  bo  Milled  priaonen  at  diacretlon. 
Shirler.  E4ward  tkm  Blmek  FHmm,  Ir.  t  UMO). 

Per'igot  (the  t  pronounced,  so  as  to 
rhyme  with  not),  a  shepherd  in  love 
with  Am'oret ;  but  the  shepherdess  Ama- 
rillis  also  loves  him,  and,  by  the  aid  of 
the  Sullen  Shepherd,  gets  transformed 
into  the  exact  likeness  of  the  modest 
Amoret.  By  her  wanton  conduct,  she 
disgusts  Perigot,  who  casts  her  off ;  and 
by  and  by,  meeting  Amoret,  whom  he 
believes  to  be  the  same  person,  rejects 
her  with  scorn,  and  even  wounds  her 
with  intent  to  kill.  Ultimately  the  truth 
is  discovered  by  Cor'in  "the  faithful 
shepherdess,"  and  the  lovers,  being  re- 
conciled, are  married  to  each  other. — 
John  Fletcher,  T/te  Faithful  Shepherdess 
(1610). 

Peiiklyin'enoSy  son  of  Neleos  (2 
stft.).  Ue  had  the  power  of  changing  his 
form  into  a  bird,  beast,  reptile,  or  insect. 
As  a  bee,  he  perched  on  the,  chariot  of 
lieraklds  (Hercules) ,  and  was  killed. 

Pernios,  of  Athens,  made  a  brazen 
bull  for  Phararis  tyrant  of  Agrigentum, 


intended  for  Uie  execntion  of  criminals. 
They  were  to  be  shut  up  in  the  ball, 
and  the  metal  of  the  bull  was  to  be  made 
red  hot.  The  cries  of  the  victims  inside 
were  so  reverberated  as  to  resemble  tho 
roarings  of  a  gigantic  bull.  Phalaris 
made  the  first  experiment  by  shutting  np 
^e  inventor  himself  in  his  own  bull. 

What'ii  a  protertorl 
A  tragic  actor,  Omar  In  a  down ; 
He'i  a  hra«  fiulhing  kianpM  with  a  crown ; 
A  bladder  blown  with  oUmt  breadu  pnfledftd : 
Not  a  PerllhM.  but  Perrfloa'  bull. 
John  Oerdand.  J  D^UtMmmt/aPrattetmriUeiieasl^ 


Perilous  Castle.  The  castle  of 
lord  Douglas  was  so  called  in  the  reign 
of  Edwara  I.,  because  the  good  lord 
Douglas  destroyed  several  English  garri- 
sons stationed  there,  and  vowed  to  be 
revenged  on  any  one  who  dared  to  take 
possession  of  it.  Sir  W.  Scott  calls  it 
"  Gastle  Dangerous "  in  his  novel  so 
entitled. 

*^*  In  the  storv  of  Gaietii  and  Linet, 
the  castle  in  wlflch  Lion^  was  held 
prisoner  by  sir  Ironside  the  Red  Knight 
of  the  Bed  Lands,  was  cidled  Ca^le 
Perilous.  The  passages  to  the  castle 
were  held  by  four  knights,  all  of  whom 
sir  Gareth  overthrew ;  lastly  he  conquered 
sir  Ironside,  liberated  the  lady,  and 
married  her. — Sir  T.  Malory,  JOstory  of 
Prince  Arthur,  i.  120-163  (1470). 

Perimo'nes  (Sir),  the  Red  Knight, 
one  of  the  four  brothers  who  kept  the 
passages  to  Ostle  Perilous.  He  was 
overthrown  by  sir  Gareth.  Tennvson  calls 
him  "Noonday  Sun  "or  "MeridiW*— Sir 
T.  Malory,  nistory  of  Prince  ArUiur,  i. 
129  (1470) ;  Tennyson,  Idylls  ("  Gareth 
and  Lynette"). 

Per'ion, 

Am'adis  of  Gan 

adventures  "  form  part  of  the  series  called 
Le  Roman  des  Romans,  This  part  was 
added  by  Juan  Diaz  (fifteenth  century). 

*«*  It  is  generally  thought  that  "Gaul  *' 
in  this  romance  is  the  same  as  Qcdis,  that 
is,  "  Wale8.»* 

Perissa,  the  personification  of  ex- 
travagance, step-sister  of  Elissa  (mean-' 
ness)  and  of  Medi'na  (the  golden  mean) ; 
but  thev  never  agreed  in  any  single  thing. 
Perissa  s  suitor  is  sir  Huddibras,  a  man 
"more  hi^e  in  strength  than  wise  in 
works."  ((Jreek ,  perissos,  *  *  extravagant, " 
perissoteSf  "excess.") — Spenser,  #lrifry 
Queen,  ii.  2  (1690). 

Per'iwinkle  (Mr.),  one  of  the  four 
guardians  of  Anne  Lovely  the  heiress. 


king   of    Gaol,    father  of 
11.     His  "exploits  and 


PERKER. 


768 


PERSEUS. 


He  IB  a  "silly,  hftlf-witted  virtuAgo, 
positive  and  sarly;  fond  of  everything 
antique  and  foreign ;  and  wears  clothes 
of  the  fashion  of  the  last  century.  Mr. 
Periwinkle  dotes  upon  travellers,  and 
believes  more  of  sir  John  Mandeville 
than  of  the  Bible*'  (act  i.  1).  Colonel 
F^gnwell,  to  obtain  his  consent  to  his 
marriage  with  Bfr.  Periwinkle's  ward, 
disguised  himself  as  an  Egyptian,  and 
passed  himself  off  as  a  great  traveller. 
His  dress,  he  said,  **  belonged  to  the 
famous  Clandins  Ptolem^us.  who  lived 
in  the  year  185.**  One  of  his  cnriosities 
was  jwujioabok),  "part  of  those  waves 
which  bore  Cleopatm's  vessel,  when  she 
went  to  meet  Antony.**  Another  was  the 
moroe  musphomm^  or  girdle  of  invisibilitv. 
His  trick,  however,  miscarried,  and  &e 
then  personated  Pillage,  the  steward  of 
Periwinkle's  fttther,  and  obtained  Peri- 
winkle's signature  to  the  marriage  by  a 
fluke.— Mrs.  Centlivre,  A  Bold  Stroke  for 
a  Wife  (1717). 

Perker  {Mr.)^  the  lawyer  employed 
for  the  defence  in  the  famous  suit  of 
**BardeU  v,  Pickwick**  for  breach  of 
promise.  —  C.  Dickens,  The  Pickwick 
Papers  (1836). 

Perkin  Warbeok,  an  historic  play 
or  "chronicle  history,**  by  John  Foid 
(1635). 

Pemelle  (Madame)^  mother  of  Orgon ; 
a  regular  vixen,  who  interrupts  every  one, 
without  waiting  to  hear  what  was  to  have 
been  said  to  her.  —  Molibre,  Tartuffe 
(1664). 

PeTonella»  a  pretty  country  lass,  who 
changes  places  with  an  old  decrepit  queen. 
Peronella  rcQoices  for  a  time  in  the 
Idolatry  paid  to  her  rank,  but  gladly 
resumes  her  beauty,  youth,  and  rags. — 
A  Faint  TaU, 

Perrette  and  Her  Milk-PaiL 

Perrette,  carrying  her   milk-pail  well- 

C»ised  upon  her  head,  began  to  specu- 
te  on  its  value.  She  would  sell  the 
milk  and  buy  ta^^ ;  she  would  set 
the  q^  and  rear  cnickens ;  the  chickens 
she  would  sell  and  buy  a  pig;  this  she 
would  fatten  and  change  tot  a  cow  and 
calf,  and  would  it  not  be  delightful  to 
see  the  little  calf  skip  and  pU^?  So 
saving,  she  gave  a  skip,  let  the  milk-pail 
fall,  and  all  the  milk  ran  to  waste.  "  Le 
lait  tombe.  Adieu,  veau,  veche,  cochon, 
oouv^"  and  poor  Perrette  "  va  s'excuser 
k  son  man,  en  grand  danger  d'etre 
oatne.** 


Quel  oprit  ne  bat  k  cain|Micn«  r 
Qui  M  ait  cfaAtoaa  en  Kapaine  t 
Picrocbole  [q.9.\  Pyrrfaui.  k  kltltoe,  enfln  toai, 
Autant  !«•  aagei  ana  lea  fooa.  .  .  . 
Quelque  acckleut  CalMl  que  Je  rmtre  en  noI-mAme ) 
Je  Miis  Gros^flan  oomme  derant. 
UToutaine.  /tefttet  ("La  UMhn  et  le  Pot  an  Lait."  16C8). 

(Dodsley  has  this  fable,  and  makes 
his  milkmaid  speculate  on  the  gown 
she  would  buy  with  her  money.  It 
should  be  green,  and  all  the  young 
fellows  would  ask  her  to  dance,  but  she 
would  toss  her  head  at  them  all — but  ah  ! 
in  tossing  her  head  she  tossed  over  her 
milk-pail.) 

*«*  Echephron,  an  old  soldier,  related 
this  fable  to  the  advisers  of  king  Picro- 
cbole, when  they  persuaded  the  king  to 
go  to  war:  A  shoemaker  bought  a 
ha'p'orth  of  milk;  this  he  intended  to 
make  into  butter,  and  with  the  money 
thus  obtained  be  would  buy  a  cow.  The 
cow  in  due  time  would  have  a  calf,  the 
calf  was  to  be  sold,  and  the  man  when 
he  became  a  nabob  would  marry  a 
princess;  only  the  jug  fell,  the  milk  was 
spilt,  and  the  dreamer  went  supperless  to 
bed.— Kabehus,  GargarUua,  i.  33  (1633). 

In  a  similar  day-dream,  Ainaschar  in- 
vested all  his  money  in  a  basket  of  glass- 
ware, which  he  intended  to  sell,  and  buy 
other  wares,  till  by  barter  he  became  a 
princely  merchant,  when  he  should 
marry  the  vizier's  daughter.  Being 
offended  with  his  wife,  ne  became  so 
excited  that  he  kicked  out  his  foot, 
smashed  all  his  wares,  and  remained 
wholly  pennyless.  —  Arabian  Nights 
("  The  Barber*s  Fifth  Brother**). 

Perrin,  a  peasant,  the  son  of  Thibaut. 
— Moli^re,  Le  Medecin  Malgr€Lui  (1666). 

Persaunt  of  India  (^r),  the 
Blue  Knight,  called  by  Tennyson 
"  Morning  Star  **  or  "  Phospiittrus.'*  One 
of  Uie  four  brothers  who  kept  Uie  passages 
to  Castle  Perilous.  Overthrown  by  sir 
Gareth.— Sir  T.  Malory,  History  of  Prince 
Arthur,  i.  181  (1470) ;  Tennyson,  Jdylis 
("  Gareth  and  Lynette  "). 

*«*  It  is  mamfestly  a  blunder  to  call 
the  Blue  Knight  **  Morning  Star'*  and 
the  Green  Knight  "  Evening  Star.'*  The 
old  romance  makes  the  combat  with  the 
"Green  Knight"  at  dawn,  and  with  the 
"Blue  Knight**  at  sunset.  The  error 
arose  from  not  bearing  in  mind  that  our 
forefathers  began  the  day  with  Uie  pre- 
ceding eve,  and  ended  it  at  sunset. 

PerseuQ  [P^.moff],  a  famous  Argive 
hero,  whose  exploits  resemble  those*  of 
Hercules,  and  hence  he  was  called  "  The 
Argive  Hercules.'* 

8  O 


PERSIAN  CREED. 


754 


PETER. 


The  best  work  of  Benveonato  Cellini 
is  ft  broDze  sUtue  of  Perseus,  in  the 
LoggiA  del  Lanzi,  of  Florence. 

Fergciui's  Horse ftLBhip,  Perseus,  having 

cut  off  Medusa's  head,  made  the  liiip  Fe- 

gtuit  the  swiftest  ship  hitherto  known,  and 

generally  called  "Perseus's  flying  horse." 

Hm  thkk-fVbkmi  haik  tkro'ttqiUd  ■lanfto— t .  .  . 

lilM  PWMWr  bOTM. 

8hak«|i«ar«,  TroUut  amd  Onmli;  Mt  L  K.  SPSS^ 

PersiaJi  Creed  (The),  Zoroaster 
supposes  there  are  two  gods  or  spirit- 
pnnci  pies— one  good  and  the  other  eril. 
l*he  good  is  Yezad,  and  the  evil  Ahriman. 


Vm  aaMii  wwonnrfM 
■a  mtutniu :  !•  immtlm, 


, iUMT  dc  toMitUco;  at  faatr*. 

•utaur  de  tout  mmJ.  ...  lb  aomimlrBt  h  boti  prludp* 
"  Ycttd"  «M  "  Yesjaati.'  et  qa*  1m  Gnci.  «it  tnttmU.  par 
OrontatM ;  d  k  i— wli  *'  AhrtoMUi.'*  an  Gtm  ^i  ' 
•<•.— NuSl.  iNof.  ^  to  /*•«/«.  art.  **  AriaMkae.* 


And  that  «Mne  .  .  .  doctrliM  oT  tba  Pwrfaa 
Of  Um  two  iirincfplM.  but  I«avM  bahlaA 
At  mmar  doabta  ai  aay  other  doetrtao. 

Smta,  D9tt  Jtum,  xlU.  41  (1SS4). 

Perth  (The  Fair  Maid  of),  Catharine 
or  Katie  Glover,  **  universallpr  acknow- 
ledged to  be  the  most  beautiful  younf^ 
woman  of  the  city  or  its  vicinity. 
Catharine  was  the  daughter  of  Simon 
Glover  (the  glover  of  Perth),  and 
married  Henry  Smith  the  armourer. — 
Sir  W.  ScoU,  Fair  Maid  of  Perth  (time, 
Henr>'  IV.). 

Pertinaz  (Sir).     (See    MacStgo- 

PHANT.) 

Pertolope  (^)i  the  Green  Knight. 
One  of  the  four  brothers  who  kept  the 
passages  to  Castle  Perilous.  He  was 
overthrown  by  sir  Gareth.  Tennyson 
calls  him  '*  Evening  Star  **  or  '*  Hesperus." 
— Sir  T.  Maloiy,  History  of  Frmce 
Arthur,  i.  127  (1470) ;  Tennyson,  Idylls 
("  Gareth  and  Lynette"). 

*4,*  It  is  evidently  a  blander  to  call 
the  Green  Knight  "  Evening  Star"  and 
the  Blue  Knight ''  MominfC  Star.'*  In  the 
original  tale  the  combat  with  the  "  Green 
Knight"  was  at  dawn,  and  with  the 
**liiue  Knight"  at  sunset.  The  error 
arose  from  not  recollecting  that  day  began 
in  olden  times  widi  the  preceding  evoi 
and  ended  at  sunset. 

Pervis  (Prince),  son  of  the  sultan 
Khrosrou-schar  of  Persia.  At  birth  he 
was  taken  away  by  the  sultana's  sisters, 
and  set  adrift  on  a  canal,  but  was  rescued 
and  brought  up  bv  the  superintendent  of 
the  sultan's  gardens.  When  grown  to 
manhood,  "toe  talking  bird'  told  the 
sultan  that  Perviz  was  his  son.  and  the 
young  prince,  with  his  brouier  and 
sister,  were  restored  to  their  rank  and 


position  in  the  empire  of  Persia. — 
Arabian  NijhU  ("  The  Two  Sisters,"  the 
kattale). 

PrmoePerviz's  String  of  PearU,  Whca 
imace  Perviz  went  on  his  exploits,  he 
gave  his  sister  Pacizidd  a  string  of  pearla, 
saying,  **So  lon^  as  these  pearls  move 
readily  on  the  string,  yon  will  know  that 
I  am  alive  and  well ;  bat  if  they  stick 
fast  and  will  not  move,  it  will  ngoifj 
that  I  am  dead."— JroUan  HighU  {^  The 
Two  Sisters,"  the  last  tale). 

*^*  Birtha's  emerald  ring,  and  fmnce 
Rahman's  knife  gave  similM  warnings. 
(See  BiBTHA  and  Baumak.) 

Pesceo'cla,  the  famous  swimmer 
drowned  in  the  pool  of  Charybdis.  Tht 
tale  tells  us  how  Pescecola  dived  once 
into  the  pool  and  came  up  safe ;  bat  king 
Frederick  then  threw  mto  the  pool  a 
golden  cup,  whidb  Pescecola  dived  for, 
and  was  never  seen  again. — Schiller,  The 
Diver  (1781). 

Pest  (Mr,),  a  barrister.— Sir  W. 
Scott,  Bedgaunttet  (time,  George  III.). 

Petg  a  fair  giri  wiUi  rich  l»own  hair 
hanging  free  in  natural  ringlets.  A 
lovely  girl,  with  a  free,  frank  face,  and 
most  wonderful  eyes — so  lar^e,  so  soft,  so 
bright,  and  set  to'  perfection  m  her  kind, 
gomi  face.  She  was  round,  and  fresh, 
and  dimpled,  and  s|M>ilt,  most  charmingly  - 
timid,  most  bewitchinglv  self-willed.  She 
was  the  daughter  of  Mr.  Meases,  and 
married  Henrv  Gowan. — C  Dickens, 
LitUe  Dorrit  (1857). 

P^taud  (King),  king  of  the  beggars. 

"UbaaaM  aurlag."  wyltod  thaaU*  Ha>t,  "Pteaal 
belns  derlvwl  flruai  th«  LatlajwM,  '1  bag."*— J^yftna 
mHKi.U. 

The  oomrt  of  king  P^taud,  a  disorderiy 
assembly,  a  place  of  utter  confusion,  a 
bear-garden. 

Oa  a'y  taipeaa  iImi.  ebaoaa  jr  parte  bant. 
It  c'OTt  toot  JaiiMiMtt  bk  coar  ^  ntl  P* 
MolMta.  r»r<«^«. 

La  eour  da  rol  Pitaad.  oi  chaoaa  «t  aialtre. 


buoaraundWiMri. 


Petella,  the  waiting-woman  of  Rosa- 
lora  and  Ullia-Bianca,  the  two  daughters 
of  Nantolet.— Beaumont  and  Fletcher, 
The  WUd-gooK  Chase  (1652). 

Peter,  the  stupid  son  of  Solomon 
butler  of  the  count  Wintersen.  He  gro- 
tesquely parrots  in  an  abridged  form 
whatever  his  father  says.  Thus:  Sol, 
**We  are  acquainted  with  the  reverence 
due  to  exalted  persona^^."  Pet.  "  Yea, 
we  are  acquainted  with  exalted  per- 
sonages."     Again :      Sol,    **  Extremely 


PETER. 


755 


PETIT  PERROQUET. 


nr  it  is  not  in  my  power  to  enteitain 
yottf  lordship."  Pet, "  Extremely  sorr}*.  ** 
8oi,  "Tour  lordship^s  most  obedient, 
humble,  and  devoted  servant.*'  Pet, 
**  Devoted  servant." — Benjamin  Thomp- 
ion.  The  Stranger  (1797). 

Pei&r,  the  pseudonym  of  John  Gibson 
Loekhart,  in  a  work  entitled  Peter* s 
Ltttm-B  to  his  KinsfUA  (1819). 

Peter  (Lord),  the   pope  of   Rome. — 
Swift,  Tale  of  a  TtA  (1704). 

Peter  Botte,  a  steep,  almost  per- 
pendicular *' mountain"  in  the  Mauritius, 
more  than  2800  feet  in  heiu:ht.  It  is  so 
eiJled  from  Peter  Botte,  a  Dutch  sailor, 
who  scaled  it  and  fixed  a  flag  on  its  sum- 
mit, but  lost  his  life  in  coming  down. 

Peter  Parley,  the  nom  de  plume  of 
Samuel  G.  Goodnch,  an  American,  whose 
books  for  children  had  an  enormous  cir- 
salation  in  the  middle  of  the  nineteenUi 
eentory  (179d-18C0). 

The  name  was  pirated  by  numerous 
persons.  I>arton  and  Ck>.,  Sim  kins,  Uogue, 
TegK,  Hodson,  Clements,  etc.,  brouxht 
•ntbooks  under  the  name,  but  not  written 
bj  S.  G.  Goodrich. 

Peter  Peebles,  a  litigious,  hard- 
hearted drunkard,  noted  for  his  lawsuit. 
— Sir  W.  Scott,  Redgauntlet  (time,  George 
III.). 

Peter  Pindar,  the  pseudonym  of 
Dr.  John  Wolcot,  of  Dodbrooke,  Devon- 
shire (173^1819). 

Peter  Plymley's  Ijetters,  attri- 
buted to  the  Rev.  Sydney  Smith  (1769- 
1S45). 

Peter  Porcupine,  William  Cobbett, 

when  he  was  a  tory.  He  brought  out 
Peter  Porcupine's  Gazette^  The  Porcupine 
Papers,  etc  (l762-18iJ6). 

Peter  WiUdns,  the  hero  of  a  tale 
of  adventures,  bv  Robert  Pultock,  of 
Clifford's  Inn.  bis  ^^fl^nng  women" 
(gawmys)  su^^gested  to  Southcy  the 
**  glendoveer  "  in  Tiie  Curse  of  Ke/tama, 

Peter  of  Prorenee    and   the 

Pair  Magalo'na,  the  chief  characters 
of  a  French  romance  so  called.  Peter 
comes  into  possession  of  Merlin's  wooden 
horse. 

Peter  the  Great  of  Bgypt, 
Hehemet  AU  (17C8-1848). 

Peter  the  Hermit,  a  gentleman  of 
Ainiens,  who  renounced  the  military  life 
for  the  religious.    He  preached  up  the 


first  crusade,  and  put  himself  at  the  head 
of  100,000  men,  all  of  whom,  except  a 
few  strajjrglcrs,  perished  at  Nicea. 

He  is  introduced  by  Tfisso  in  Jerusalem 
Delivered  (1575) :  and  by  sir  W.  Scott  in 
Qmnt  Rcoert  of  PariSy  a  novel  laid  in  the 
time  of  Rnfus.  A  statue  was  erected  to 
him  at  Amiens  in  1854. 

Peter  the  Wild  Boy,  a  savage 
discovered  in  November,  1725,  in  the 
forest  of  Hertswold,  Hanover.  He 
walked  on  all  fours,  climbed  trees  like  a 
monkey,  ate  grass  and  other  herbage. 
Efforts  were  made  to  reclaim  him,  but 
without  success.  He  died  February, 
1785.  ^' 

Peter's  Gate  {St,\  the  gate  of  pnr- 
g<^tory,  guarded  by  an  an^el  stationed 
there  by  St.  Peter.  Virgil  conducted 
Dantd  through  hell  and  purgatory,  and 
Beatrice  was  his  guide  through  the 
planetary  spheses.  DantS  says  to  the 
Mantuan  bard : 

...  IndnM^ 

That  I  St.  PalM'i  pdt  maa  view  ... 

Coward  Im  [  K<»yi/ 1  Moved.  1  daw  hb  «ta|M  iNinM4. 

Daatt.  ir«R.  1.(1300). 

Peterborough,  in  Northampton- 
shire ;  so  called  from  Peada  (son  of 
Pendar  king  of  Mercia),  who  founded 
here  a  monastery  in  the  seventh  century. 
In  1541  the  monastery  (then  a  mitred 
abbey)  was  converted  by  Henry  VIM. 
into  a  cathedral  and  bishop's  see.  Refitre 
Peada's  time,  Peterborough  was  a  villase 
called  Mcdhamsted. — See  Drayton,  PoTu' 
olbioHy  xxiii.  (1622). 

Peterloo  (The  Field  of),  an  attack  of 
the  militar>'  on  a  reform  meeting  held  in 
St.  Peter's  Field,  at  Manchester,  August 
16,  1819. 

Peterson,  a  Swede,  who  deserts  from 
Gustavus  VaM  to  Christian  11.  king  of 
Denmark. — H.  Brooke,  Gustavus  Vasa 
(1730). 

Petit  Andr^,  executioner. —Sir  W. 
Scott,  Quentin  liurward  (time,  Edward 
IV.). 

Petit  Perroquet.  a  king's  gardener, 
with  whom  the  king's  daughter  fell  in 
love.  It  so  happened  that  a  prince  was 
courting  the  lady,  and,  being  jealous  of 
Petit  Perroquet,  said  to  the  king  tliat  the 
young  man  boasted  he  could  bring  hither 
fartaro's  horse.  Now  Tartaro  was  a 
l^*ige  giant  and  a  cannibal.     Petit  Perro- 

auet,  however,  made  himself  master  of 
iie  horse.    The  prince  next  told  the  king 
that  the  young  gardeuer  boasted  tie  could 


PETO. 


766 


PEVERIL. 


nt  possession  of  the  giant's  diamond. 
This  he  also  contrived  to  make  himself 
master  of.  The  prince  then  told  the  king 
that  the  young  man  boasted  he  could  bring 
hither  the  giant  himself ;  and  the  way  he 
accomplished  the  feat  was  to  cover  him- 
self first  with  honey,  and  then  with 
feathers  and  horns.  Thus  disguised,  he 
told  the  ^nt  to  get  into  the  coach  he 
was  driving,  and  he  drove  him  to  the 
king's  couii,  and  then  married  the  prin- 
cess.— Kev.  W.  Webster,  Basque  Legends 
(1877). 

Pe'to,  lieutenant  of  '* captain"  sir 
John  Falstaff's  regiment.  Pistol  was  his 
ensign  or  ancient,  and  Bardolph  his  cor- 
poral.— Shakespeare,  1  and  2  Henry  IV, 
(1697-8). 

PetX>wni:er  (Miss  Henrietta),  of  the 
Theatre  Royalj  Drury  Lauc.  She  mar- 
ries Mr.  Lilly vick,  the  collector  of  water- 
rates,  but  elopes  with  an  officer. — C. 
Dickens,  Nicholas  Nicklehy  (1838). 

Petrarch  (The  English),  Sir  Philip 
Sidney  (1554-1586)  is  so  caUed  by  sir 
Walter  Raleigh. 

Petrarch  and  Laura.   Laura  was 

a  lady  of  Avignon,  the  wife  of  Hugues 
de  Sade,  nife  Laura  de  Noves,  the  mistress 
of  the  poet  Petrarch.  (See  Lauba  aud 
Pbtrarch.) 

Petrarch  of  Spain,  Garcilaso  dc 
la  Vega,  bom  at  Toledo  (1630-1668,  or 
according  to  others,  1603-1636). 

Petrified  City  (The)y  Ishmonie,  in 
Upper  Egypt.  So  called  from  the  num- 
ber of  statues  seen  there,  and  tradi- 
tionally said  to  be  men,  women,  children, 
and  dumb  animals  turned  into  stone. — 
Kircher,  Mundus  Subterraneus  (1664). 

Petro'nius  (C,  or  T.),  a  kind  of 
Roman  '*beau  Brummell"  in  the  court 
of  Nero.  He  was  a  great  voluptuary  and 
profligate,  whom  Nero  appointed  Arbiter 
EleqanticB^  and  considered  nothing  comme 
il  /out  till  it  had  received  the  sanction  of 
this  dictator-in-chief  of  the  imperial 
pleasures.  Tigellinus  accused  him  of 
treason,  and  Petronius  committed  suicide 
by  ppeuing  his  veins  (a.d.  66). 

Behold  the  new  Petroniui  of  the  dajr. 
The  iirhlter  of  plmaire  mmI  of  piajr. 
Sjrroo.  JSngttsh  Bard*  and  8€Oick  M^HatMn  (1800). 

Petruccic  *=  Pc.truch*,e,Oy  governor 
of  Bologna. — Beanmont  and  Fletcher, 
The  Chances  (1620). 

Petru'chio,  a  gentleman  of  Yero'na, 
who  undertakes   to   tame  the   haugh^ 


Katharina,  called  **the  Shrew."  He 
marries  her,  and  without  the  least  per> 
sonal  chastisement  reduces  her  to  lamb- 
like submission.  Bein^^  a  fine  compound 
of  bodily  and  mental  vigour,  with  plen^ 
of  wit,  spirit,  and  good-natnre,  he  rules 
his  subordinates  dictatorially,  and  shows 
he  will  have  his  own  way,  whatever  the 
consequences. — Shakespeare,  Taming  o^ 
the  Shrew  (1694). 

C.  Leslie  says  Henry  Woodward  (1717- 
1777)  was  the  best  "  Petruchio,"  "  Coi>- 
per  Captain,"  *'  captain  Flash,**  and 
^*Bobadil.'* 

Beanmont  and  Fletdier  wrote  a  comcdir 
called  The  Tamer  Tamed^  in  wbick 
Petruchio  is  supposed  to  marry  a  second 
wife,  by  whom  he  is  hen-pecked  (1647). 

Petticoat  Ijane,  Whitechapel,  was 
previously  called  **  Hog  Lane,  and  is 
now  called  **  Middlesex  Street.** 

Petty  Cury,  in  Gambrid^  is  not 
petit  e'curiey  but  "  parva  cokena ;  '*  petit 
curarif,  from  cumrtf,  "to  cook  or  core 
meat.** 

Pet'ulant,  an  ''odd  sort  of  smtdi 
wit,**  **  without  manners  or  breeding.** 
In  controversy  he  would  bluntly  contra- 
dict, and  he  never  s^ke  Uie  truth. 
When  in  his  **clnb,**  in  order  to  be 
thought  a  man  of  intrigue,  he  would  steal 
out  quietly,  and  then  in  disguise  retnru 
and  call  for  himself,  or  leave  a  letter  for 
himself.  He  not  unfrequently  mistook 
impudence  and  malice  for  wit,  and  looked 
upon  a  modc:}t  blush  in  woman  as  a  mark 
of  "guilt  or  Ul-broeding.**— W.  CJoo- 
greve.  The  Way  of  the  WWrf(1700). 

Peu-eUPeu.  So  George  IV.  called 
prince  Leopold.  Stein,  speaking  of  the 
prince's  vacillating  conduct  in  reference 
to  the  throne  of  Greece,  says  of  him, 
"  He  has  no  colour,**  i,e,  no  fixed  plan  of 
his  own,  but  is  blown  about  by  srcry 
wind. 

Peveril  {WiUiam)^  nstund  son  of 
William  the  Gonoueror,  and  ancestor  of* 
Peveril  of  the  Peak. 

Sir  Geoffreu  Peveril,  a  cavalier,  called 
«  Peveril  of  the  Peak." 

Lctdy  Margaret  PeterU,  wife  of  sir 
(jeofiPrey. 

Julian  Peveril i  son  of  sir  (Geoffrey ;  in 
love  with  Alice  Bridgenorth.  He  was 
named  bv  the  author  aner  Julian  Youngs 
son  of  the  famous  actor. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Peveril  of  the  Peak  (Ume,  Charles  IL). 

*' WlKMib  be  called  •ftart"  laid  Scott.  "ItbafiuMv 
mmm,"  Mid  Yoang;  "in  memoriaai  vX  hb BoCher.  JhUa 


PEVERIL  OP  THE  PEAK.        767 


PHARAOH. 


"WalLkiift 
m^."  ht  npiitL    In  the 
Wamtrlep.  the  bMo'k 

to  rtnrU  ^  a» 


I  for  a  Mvel.  I  nmk 
oext  iK»f«l  bf  the  aathor  of 
b  "Jultan.'*    I  nllade.  of 
.  Yovng.  Jfemein,  »L 

Peveril  of  the  Peak,  the  longest 
of  all  sir  W.  Scott*!  novels,  and  the  most 
heavy  (i82d). 

Fhsdra,  dao^ter  of  Minos,  and 
wife  of  Theseus.    (See  Pubdbb.) 

Phadra^  waiting-woman  of  Alcme'na 
(wifeof  Amphifryon).  A  type  of  venality 
<»f  the  lowest  and  grossest  kind.  Pluedra 
is  betrothed  to  judge  Gripas,  a  stupid 
fiiagistrate,  ready  to  sell  justice  to  the 
hiirhest  bidder.  Neither  Pluedra  nor 
Cjripus  forms  any  part  of  the  dramatis 
periontB  of  Moli^re*8  Amphitryon  (1668). 
— Dryden,  Amphitryon  (1690). 

PhSBdria^  the  impersonation  of 
wantonness.  She  is  handmaid  of  the 
enchantress  Acrasia,  and  sails  about  Idle 
Lake  in  a  gondola.  Seeing  sir  Guyon, 
s!ie  ferries  him  across  the  lake  to  the 
floating  island,  where  he  is  set  upon  by 
Cymodiles.  Phsdria  interposes,  and 
ferries   sir    Guyon    (the   Knight   Tem- 

5erance)  over  we  lake  again. — Spenser, 
'aery  Queen,  ii.  (1590). 

Pha'eton  (8  «y/.)}  son  of  HelTos  and 
Clymfind.  He  obtained  leave  to  drive  his 
father's  sun-car  for  one  day,  but  was 
overthrown,  and  nearly  set  the  world  on 
fire.  Jove  or  Zeus  (1  st^t.)  struck  him 
with  a  thunderbolt  for  his  presumption, 
and  cast  him  into  the  river  ro. 

Fhal'ariB,  tvrant  of  Agrigentum,  in 
Sicily.  When  Perillos,  the  brass-founder 
of  Athens,  brought  to  him  a  brazen  bull, 
and  told  the  tyrant  it  was  intended  for 
the  punishment  of  criminals,  Phalftris 
inquired  into  its  merits.  Perillos  said 
the  victim  was  to  be  enclosed  in  the  bull, 
and  roasted  alive,  by  making  the  figure 
red  hot.  Certain  tubes  were  so  con- 
structed as  to  make  the  groans  of  the 
victim  resemble  the  bellowings  of  a  mad 
bull.  The  tyrant  moch  commended  the 
ingenuity,  and  ordered  the  invention  to 
be  tried  on  Perillos  himself. 

Letters  of  PhaiariSj  certain  apocryphal 
letters  ascribed  to  Phalaris  the  tyrant, 
and  published  at  Oxford,  in  1718,  by 
Charles  Boyle.  There  was  an  edition  in 
1777  by  Walckenaer ;  another  in  1828  by 
G.  H.  Sducfer,  with  notes  by  Boyle  and 
others.  Bentiey  mointained  that  the 
letters  were  forgeries,  and  no  doubt 
Bentiey  was  right. 


I 


PhallaflL    the    horse   of   Heradiaa. 

(Greek,  phatioSf  **  a  grey  horse.") 

Phantom  Ship  (7^),  Carlmilhan 
or  Carmiihan,  the  phantom  ship  on  which 
the  kobold  of  the  Cape  sits,  when  he 
appears  to  doomed  vessels. 

.  .  .  Uiat  phantom  Mp.  whoet  ton 
Bhoolt  like  A  tneUor  thro'  the  atonn  .  .  . 
And  wril  the  doomed  •pecuton  know 
th  harblDsar  of  vreck  and  voe. 

Or  W.  Seott,  Moktbg,  U.  U  (181S). 

Pha'oxiy  a  young  man  who  loved 
Claribel.  but,  being  told  that  she  was 
nnfaithrul  to  him,  watched  her.  He  saw, 
as  he  thought,  Claribel  holding  an  assig- 
nation with  some  one  he  supposed  to  be  a 
groom.  Ketuming  home,  he  encountered 
Claribel  herself,  and  *'with  wmthfuU 
hand  he  slew  her  innocent.**  On  the  trial 
for  murder,  **the  lady*'  was  proved  to 
be  Claribel*s  servant.  Phaon  would  have 
slain  her  also,  but  while  he  was  in  pur- 
suit of  her  he  was  attacked  bv  Furor. — 
Spenser,  FaSry  Queen,  ii.  4,  28,  etc. 
(1590). 

*«*  Shakespeare's  Much  Ado  about 
Nothing  is  a  similar  story.  Both  are 
taken  from  a  novel  by  Belleforest,  copied 
from  one  by  Bandello.  Ariosto,  in  his 
Orlando  Furioso,  has  introduced  a  similar 
stoiy  (bk.  v.),  and  TurberviFs  Oeneura  is 
the  same  tale. 

Pharamond,  king  of  the  Franks, 
who  visited,  inooiinito^  the  court  of  king 
Arthur,  to  obtain  by  his  exploits  a  place 
among  the  knights  of  the  Round  Table. 
He  was  the  son  of  Blarcomir,  and  father 
of  Clodion. 

CalprenMe  has  an  heroic  romance  so 
called,  which  O^ke  his  Cleopatra  and 
Cassamdra)  is  a  i^Omoift  de  Longue  HaMne 
(1612-1666). 

Phar'amond,  prince  of  Spain,  in  the 
drama  called  Philaster  or  Love  Lies  a- 
hleediwj,  by  Beaumont  and  Fletcher 
(date  uncertain,  probably  about  1662). 

Pharaoh,  the  Utular  name  of  all  the 
Egyptian  kings  till  the  time  of  Solomon, 
as  the  Roman  emperors  took  the  titular 
name  of  Ciesar.  After  Solomon's  time, 
the  titular  name  Pharaoh  never  occurs 
alone,  but  only  as  a  forename,  as  Pharaoh 
Necho,  Pharaoh  Hophra,  Pharaoh  Sbi- 
shak.  After  the  division  of  Alexander's 
kingdom,  the  kings  of  Egypt  were  all 
called  Ptolemy,  generally  with  some  dis- 
tinctive aftemame,  as  Ptolemy  Phila- 
delphos,  Ptolemy  Euerget£s,  Ptolemy 
Pbilopfttor,  etc. — Selden,  Titles  of  IfonouTf 
V.  60  (1614). 


PHARAOH* 


710 


PHABSALIA. 


Pkarookt  before  Solomom  (mentiooed  in 
tiie  Old  TesUment)  : 

L  PbAiaoh  contemponir^inth  Abraluun 
(Oen,  xn,  \b).  I  think  this  was  Osiitesen 
I.  {dyruLBty  xii.)* 

2.  The  good  Pharaoh  who  advanced 
Joseph  (Gen,  xli.)*  '  think  this  was 
ApAphis  (one  of  the  Hrksos). 

3.  The  Pharaoh  who  '*knew  not  Joseph** 
{Exod,  i.  8).  1  think  this  was  Amen'- 
ophia  1.  (d3masty  xviiL).  The  king  at 
the  flight  of  Moses,  1  think,  was  Thoth- 
mesll. 

4.  The  Pharaoh  drowsed  in  the  Red 
Sea.  As  this  was  at  least  eightj  years 
after  the  persecutions  began,  probably 
this  was  another  king.  Some  say  it  was 
Menephthes  son  of  Bam'eses  II.,  but  it 
seems  quite  impossible  to  reconcile  the 
account  in  Exodut  with  any  extant  his- 
torical account  of  Egypt  iiaodU  xir.  28). 
(?)  Was  it  Thothmes  HL  ? 

6.  The  Pharaoh  who  protected  Hadad 
(1  A'm^s  xi.  19). 

6.  The  Pharaoh  whose  daughter  Solomon 
married  {\  Kings  iii.  1 ;  ix.  16).  I  think 
this  was  Psusennes  I.  (dynasty  xxi.). 

PAaraohs  after  SoUjmotCt  iiam  (men- 
tioned in  the  Old  Testament) : 

1.  Phanu^  Shishak,  who  warred  against 
Rehoboam  (1  Km/ge  xiv.  26,  26 ;  2  airon, 
xii.  2). 

2.  The  Pharaoh  called  "So"  king  of 
E^pt.  with  whom  Hoshea  made  an  alli- 
ance (2  Kings  xrii.  4). 

8.  The  Pharaoh  who  made  a  league  with 
Hexekiah  against  Sennacherib.  He  is 
called  TirhlUiah  (2  Kinge  xvui.  21 ;  xix. 
9). 

4.  Pharaoh  Necho,  who  warred  against 
Josiah  (2  Kinge  xxiii.  29,  etc.). 

5.  Pliaraoh  Hophra,  the  ally  of  Zede- 
kiah.  Said  to  be  Pharaoh  Apries,  who 
was  strangled,  b.o.  669-526  {Jer.  xliv. 

*^*  Bunsen*s  solution  of  the  Egyptian 
dj^asties  cannot  possibly  be  correct. 
Pharaohs  noted  in  romance : 

1.  Cheops  or  Suphis  I.,  who  built  the 
great  pyramid  (dynasty  iv.). 

2.  Cephrends  or  Suphis  II.  his  brother, 
who  built  the  second  pyramid. 

8.  Mencher^  his  successor,  who  built 
the  most  beautiftil,  though  not  the  largest, 
of  the  pyramids. 

4.  Ilemnon  or  A-menophis  III.,  whose 
musical  statue  is  so  celebrated  (dynasty 
xviii.). 

6.  Sethos  I.  the  Great,  whose  tomb  was 
discovered  by  Belxoni  (dynasty  xix.). 

6.  Sethos  II.,  called  ^'Proteus,"  who 


detained  Helen  and  Plaiis  in  E^ypt  (dy- 
nasty xix.). 

7.  PhnOris  or  ThnOris,  who  sent  aid  ta 
Priam  in  the  si^;e  of  Troy. 

8.  Bampsiolttts  or  Rameses  Keter,  the 
miser,  mentioned  by  Herodotos  (dynasty 

XX.). 

9.  Osorthon  IV.    (or   Osorkoo),   the 
Egyptian  Hercnl^  (dynasty  xxiiL). 

Fharaoh'8  Daughter.  The  daugh- 
ter of  Pharaoh  who  brought  np  lf< 
was  Bathia. 


,—n«Tahmid, 


Fharaoh'8  Wiib.  Asia  dau^ter  of 
Mosahem.  Her  husband  crudly  tor- 
mented her  because  she  believed  in  Moses. 
He  fastened  her  hands  and  feet  to  four 
stakes,  and  laid  a  millstone  on  her  as  she 
lay  in  the  hot  sun  with  her  face  upwards ; 
but  angels  shaded  off  the  sun  with  their 
wings,  and  (xod  took  her,  without  dyiuf^ 
into  paradise. — Sale,  Ai  Kordn,  Ixvu 
note. 

PlMnok;  Mavy.  ilM«hl0rii  bnite;  Khud^tab,  iM«hlw 
or  KlMwaiM.  MalMNMrt  IkA  wife:  mdntbrn^  lte> 


*«*  There  is  considerable  donbt  re- 
specting the  Pharaoh  meant — whether  the 
Pharaon  whose  daughter  adopted  ICoses, 
or  the  Pharaoh  who  was  drowned  in  tiie 
Red  Sea.  The  tale  suite  the  latter  king  far 
better  than  it  does  the  first. 

Phariaa  Fields,  Egypt;  so  called 
from  Pharos,  an  island  on  the  Egyptian 
coast,  noted  for  its  lighthouse. 


.( 

PharSAlia  (The)^  a  Latin  epic  in 
ten  books,  by  Uican,  the  subject  being 
the  fall  and  death  of  Pompey.  It  opens 
witii  the  pa«ume  of  Cesar  across  the 
Rubicon.  This  nver  formed  the  boundary 
of  his  province,  and  his  crossing  it  was 
virtually  a  declaration  of  war  (bk.  i.). 
Pompev  is  appointed  by  the  senate 
general  of  the  army  to  oppose  him  (bk. 
V.) ;  Cesar  retreats  to  ThMsaly ;  Pompey 
follows  (bk.  vi.),  and  both  prepare  for 
war.  Pompey.  being  routed  in  the  battle 
of  Pharsalia,  nees  (bk.  vii.),  and  seeking 
protection  in  Egypi,  is  met  by  Achillas 
the  Egyntian  general,  who  murders  him, 
cuts  off  nis  head,  and  casts  his  body  into 
the  sea  (bk.  viii.).  Cato  leads  the  residue 
of  Pompey*s  army  to  Qyr£n8,  in  Africa 
(bk.  ix.) ;  and  Onsar,  in  pursnitof  Pompey, 
i^tK^twy  gy^  A^f>xwvilnfri  IS  hospitably  enter^ 


t4iMdbrCI«op«tni<lA.3.)-    Wbilehnc, 
he    tame*    in    Imurioiu  dklliuicc,   the 


Ha  i*  clotely  pannod,  hemmed  ii 


Imperial  robe 

Hdd 

between 

Ml  teeth, 

hiB  left 

hind,  mod 

hb>«Mdh>hi> 

rfi*t 

be  buffet,  with  the 

waFO.    A  tbowdid 

■■*eiia« 

»m  hurled 

•t  Ub,  but  to 

lofa    luB    BOt. 

Hetwimi 

tatemrure,heswiroa 

for  life 

'tuOeeu 

thewav 

n  baUDD. 

He  fe.»cbe«  hi> 

fleet 

red  by  bi> 

■  .Idipm  with  Ui 

unde 

ing  spiOaiue.  ~  The 

■Un  io  their  o 

rf 

for  Chu. 

Brew 

rs": 

Kith    hei   hurt 

Un  foljowiog  it  >  pfettf  dote  tnnilMioii 
•f  the  icri>arta  tbcawclva.  It  would 
b*T«  occupied  too  much  toOM  to  give 


IjB    thii    batlla    Tompty    bad    1S,0Di 


legioaariei,  aud  1000  hone,  romney'i 
battle  ny  wu  Verculit  inEiichu  /  Thw 
of  CMar  was  Frnw  nctrii  J    Qeaar  woi 


Pliabe  (!  >¥<.}>  ■>  thepberden  beloved 
bjtbeihapbenlSilTiBa.  While  Rouliod 
wai  in  boy'g  clotbet,  Pbebe  (ell  in  love 
with  the  ibianger,  and  made  a  proposal 


of  marriage;  b«t  when  Sotaliod  ap- 
peared in  hei  true  dianoter,  and  gnt 
ber  hand  to  'Otlaudo,  Phebe  wai  content 
to  accept  her  old  love  Silviua. — Sbake- 
ipeue,  At  ro»  LUu  It  (1600). 

Fhedre  (or  Phadra),  daughter  of 
Hinoa  king  of  Crete,  and  wife  of  The- 
•eut.  She  conceived  a  criminal  love  for 
Uippolytoa  her  atcp-ian,  and,  being  r»- 

Clied  by  him,  accDied  him  to  her  hua' 
id  of  attempting  to  diihonour  her. 
HippolyUw  waa  put  to  denlh,  and  Phnlra, 
wnia^  with  remoru,  Mntngled  herwlf. 

Thia  haa  btCD  made  the  nbject  of  tia- 
ndy  by  Eurip'idei  in  Gmek,  Sca'eot  ia 
Latm,I{aciDa  in  French  (16T7).  "Phedre" 
WM  the  great  put  of  Hdlle.  Hachel; 
■he  fint  appeared  in  thia  cbaiader  in 
1838. 

(PradoD,  under  the  patronage  of  the 
ducheue  de  Uouilton  and  the  due  de 
Novers,  producvd,  in  1E77,  bis  tracedy  nf 
Pk61rt  in  oppotition  to  tbM  of  Kacine. 
The  duke  even  tried  to  hits  down 
Etacine'a  play,  but  the  public  judgment 
waa  man  powerful  thau  the  duke;  and 
while  it  pronounced  decidedly  for  Ka- 
cioe'a  ehef  itaucrt,  it  had  no  tolerance 
tor  Pndoo't  production.) 

Fhelia  "the  Fait,"  the  wife  of  w 
Gny  earl  of  Warwick. 

PUd'ifta  {Tht  FnncK),  (1)  Zma 
Goujon  ;  alao  called  "The  Uorreggio  of 
Scalpton."  He  waa  aUin  in  Su  St. 
Barthnlamev  Hanacre  (lolO-lSTS).  ti\ 
J.  B.  PigaUe  (iriH78i). 

Phil  {Little),  the  lad  of  John  Daviea 
the  old  Bshermao.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Ral- 
ganHiet  (time,  tieorge  III.). 

PbUamlute  (3  lyl.),  wife  of  (.-hry- 
•ale  the  boorgeoia,  and  mother  of  Ju- 
mande,  Uenriettc,  Ariste,  and  iWliw.— 
Molibre,  J^>  Fenunca  SatanUt  (1671). 

PhU&n'der,  of  Holland,  waa  a  gueat 
at  the  house  of  Arge'o  baron  of  Servja, 
and  the  baron'i  wife  Gabri'na  fell  in  love 
with  him.  Philander  fled  the  houac,  and 
Gabrina  told  her  huaband  he  had  abused 
her,  and  had  fled  out  of  fear  of  bini. 
He  waa  punned,  ovenaken,  and  caat 
into  a  dungeon.  One  day,  Gabrina 
viaited  him  there,  and  aaked  him  to 
defend  bet  against  a  wicked  knight. 
This  he  nndertook  to  do.  and  Gabrina 
posted  him  in  a  place  where  he  could 
make  his  attack.  Philander  slew  the 
knight,  but  discovered  that  it  waa  Argeo, 
Gabrina  now  declared  aba  would  f[iv« 


PHILANDER. 


760 


PHILIPFE  EGAL1TE. 


him  vp  to  justice,  nnleM  he  married  h^r ; 
and  Philander,  to  save  his  life,  did  sc. 
Bat  in  a  very  short  time  £he  infamous 
woman  tired  of  her  toy,  and  cut  him  off 
by  poison. — Ariosto,  Orlando  Funoao 
(1516). 

Philan'der,  a  male  coonet;  so  called 
from  Philander  the  Datcn  knight,  men- 
tioned above,  who  coquetted  with  Ga- 
brina.  To  "  philander  **  is  to  wanton  or 
make  licentioos  love  to  a  woman;  to 
toy. 

Ym,  rn  bMU  TM  toffadicr,  jom  and  fov  Phflaader. 
~W.  OiMigrave.  rh»  W»0  V  (*•  ir«rM  (17(10). 

PhiUm'deTf  prince  of  C]rpnis,  passion- 
ately in  love  with  the  princess  Ero'ta. — 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The  Laws  of 
Candy  (1647). 

Philanthropist  (7^),  John  How- 
ard (1726-1790). 

Fhilario,  an  Italian,  at  whose  house 
Posthu'mos  made  his  silly  wager  with 
lachimo.  (See  Posthumus.)— Shake- 
speare, Cymoeline  (1605). 

Phila'rU),  an  Italian  improvisatore, 
who  remained  faithful  to  Fazio  even  in 
disgrace. — Dean  Milman,  Fazio  (1815). 

Fhilaster  {Prince)^  heir  to  the  crown 
of  Bfessi'na.  Euphra'sia,  who  was  in 
love  with  Philaster,  diHguised  herself  as 
a  boy,  and  assuming  for  the  nonce  the 
name  of  Bellario,  entered  the  prince's 
service.  Philaster,  who  was  in  love  with 
the  princess  Arethu'sa,  transferred  Bel- 
lario to  her  service,  and  then  grew  jealous 
of  Arethusa's  love  for  the  voung  page. — 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  Philaster  or  Lofoe 
Lies  a-blccding  (?  1622). 

There  is  considerable  resemblance  be- 
tween Euphrasia  and  "  Vioht "  in  Twelfth 
Night  (Shakespeare,  1614). 

Fhilax,  cousin  of  the  princess  Imis. 
The  fay  Pa^n  shut  them  up  in  the 
**  Palace  of  Revenge,**  a  superb  crystal 
palace,  containing  every  delight  except 
the  power  of  leaving  it.  In  the  course 
of  a  few  years,  Imis  and  Philax  longed 
as  much  for  a  separation  as  at  one  time 
they  had  wished  for  a  union. — Comtesse 
D'Aunoy,  Fairy  Tales  ("Palace  of  Re- 
venge," 1682). 

Phile'mon  (8  syl.)^  an  aged  rustic, 
who,  with  his  wife  Baucis,  hospitably  re- 
ceived Jupiter  and  Mercury,  after  every 
one  else  had  refused  to  receive  them. 
The  gods  sent  an  inundation  to  destroy 
the  Inhospitable  people,  but  saved 
Itnncis  and    Philemon,    and    converted 


their  cottage  into  a  magnificent  temple. 
At  their  own  request,  tiie  aged  coupla 
died  on  the  same  day,  and  were  changed 
into  two  trees,  which  stood  before  the 
temple. — Greek  Mythology, 

Philinte  (2  syL),  friend  of  Alcestc 
(2  «y.).— Moli^re,  Le  MisaiUhrope  (1666). 

Philip,  fsther  of  William  Swidger. 
His  finvonrite  expression  was,  "Lord, 
keep  my  memorv  green.  I  am  87.**— C 
IMckens,  TIte  Haunted  Man  (1848). 

Philipf  the  bntler  of  Mr.  Peregrine 
Level;  a  hypocritical,  rascally  servant, 
iriio  pretends  to  be  most  careful  of  his 
master's  property,  but  who  in  reality 
wastes  it  most  recklessly,  and  enriches 
himself  with  it  most  onbloshingly. 
Being  found  out,  he  is  summarily  dis- 
missed.— Rev.  J.  Townley,  High  Life 
Below  Stairs  (1769). 

PhSip  (Father)  f  sacristan  of  St.  Mary's. 
—Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Monastery  (time, 
Elizabeth). 

Philip  Au^^astUS,  king  of  France, 
introduced  by  sir  W.  Scott  in  The  Talis- 
man (time,  Richard  I.). 

Philip  ITye,  bron^t  up  for  the 
Anglican  Church,  but  became  a  presby- 
terian,  and  afterwards  an  independent. 
He  was  noted  for  the  cut  of  his  beard. 

This  rgrwaad  tarather.  like  a  goal* 
Did  waar  a  tail  aptm  Mb  Uuoat . 
But  mC  In  auch  a  curkMu  framiu 
At  if  'twara  wnmgbt  iu  Hograiii, 
And  eat  to  even.  a«  if 't  had  been 
Draara  with  a  iwn  apon  hi*  diin. 
a  BaUir.  On  FhMp  Ap/$  Tkanktgi^img  B»aM  (IMS). 

Philip  Quarlt  a  castaway  sailor, 
who  becomes  a  hermit.  His  "man 
Friday  "  is  a  chimpanzee.— PAi/^  Quariy 
(1727). 

Philii>'8  Four  Daughters.    We 

are  told,  in  Acts  xxi.  9,  that  Philip  the 

deacon  or  evangelist  had  four  daughters 

which  did  prophesy. 

Helen,  the  mother  of  great  OonstanUne. 
Nor  yet  8L  PhiHp'e  daufhten.  vaia  Uka  thae  [/aow  < 
Arc}, 

IhakcapeaNb  1  Mmtrg  r/.  net  L  ae.  S  (U8i). 

Philippe,  a  parched  and  haggard 
wretch,  innrm  and  bent  beneath  a  pile 
of  years,  yet  shrewd  and  cunning,  greedy 
of  gold,  malicious,  and  looked  on  by  the 
common  people  as  an  imp  of  darkness. 
It  was  this  old  villain  who  told  Thanc- 
mar  that  ^e  provost  of  Bruges  was  the 
son  of  a  serf  on  Thancmar's  estates. — S. 
Knowles,  The  Frowst  of  Bruges  (1896). 

Philippe  Egallt^  (4  syl.),  Louis 
Philippe  due  d'OrlAins  (1747-175)3). 


PHIUPSON. 


761    PHILOSOPHER. OF  WIMBLEDON. 


Pllilipson  (The  eider),  John  oarl  of 
Oxford,  an  exiled  Lancastrian,  who  goes 
to  France  disguised  as  a  merchant. 

Arthur  Phuipton,  sir  Arthur  de  Tere, 
mm  of  the  earl  of  Oxford,  whom  he 
•ccompanies  to  the  court  of  king  Rentf 
of  Provence.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Anne  of 
GeienUin  (time,  Edward  lY.). 

Fhillsides  (8  «y/.),  sir  Philip  Sidney 
(15M-1586). 

Ik  vu  th«  Mtrp  of  PhDlMM.  mow  d«id.  .  .  . 
AaA  iMV  In  iMMta  ft  dfn  It  4oCb  apptu; 
Ik*  ■arp  vtU  kftovft  bMldt  the  Kortbani  Bear. 
%wwr.  TkmMmkm^  f1taM|180lK 

%*  PkUilp]  Sid\nev[\^  with  the  Greek 
tennination,  makes  PMii-$kiea,  Bishop 
Hall  calls  the  word  PhiUi^-idert  *«  Which 
■weei  Philis'ides  fetched  of  late  from 
France.** 

FhilistineBy  the  miliar  rich,  the 
pretentiously  soiteel  not  in  **  society," 
the  social  snobs,  distinguished  for  their 
Boeh  iewellery  and  loud  finery. 


Bad  ofltadve  whbkara.  which  tm  lh» 
liUMritaaca  at  Um  Britkh  PhfllfUiMB.— Mn. 
t.  tHbmbt,  Jtmr,,  L  ± 

Phillips  {Jessie),  the  title  and  chief 
diaracter  of  a  novel  by  Mrs.  TroUope, 
the  object  being  an  attack  on  the  new 
poor-law  system  (1843). 

Phillis,  a  drama  written  in  Spanish 
^  Lnpercio  Leonardo  of  Argensola. — 
dbrvantes,  Jhn  Quijfote  (1606-15). 

PkSiiSf  a  pastoral  name  for  a  maiden. 

WocTO  OMyBon  wdThj^nli.  bm^ 
An  ftt  thdr  mtou>7  diniMr  Mt, 
Of  harhi  ani  oUmt  eoooOT  DM* 

TTMih  thi  BMl  htmiki  rtmh  i ^ 

MDUmi.  L'AlUfro  (IStt). 

PkOiis,  « the  Exigent,**  asked  "^  Damon 
Airty  sheep  for  a  kiss ;  **  next  day,  she 
ptoauMd  him  '*  thirty  kisses  for  a 
■beep;**  the  third  day,  she  would  have 

STen  *'  &iriy  sheep  for  a  kiss ;  **  and 
e  fourth  day,  I>amon  bestowed  his 
kisses  for  nothing  on  Lizette. — C.  Rivibre 
Dufteeny,  La  CoqmtUde  Viiiage(l71b). 

PhilOy  *  Pharisee,  one  of  the  Jewish 
flanbedrim,  who  hated  Caiaphas  the  high 
luriest  for  being  a  Sadducee.  Philo  made 
a  vow  in  Uie  judgmoit  hall,  that  he 
would  take  no  rest  till  Jesus  was 
Bombered  with  the  dead.  In  bk.  xiii.  he 
commits  suicide,  and  his  soul  is  carried 
to  hell  by  Obaddon  the  angel  of  death. — 
Klopstock,  The  Messiah,  iv.  (1771). 

Flliloolea,  that  is,  ladjr  Penelopd 
Devereox,  with  whom  sir  Philip  Sidney 
wit  in  UiT«.    The  lady  married  another, 


and  sir  Philip  transferred  his  affections 
to  Frances  Walsin^ham,  eldest  daughter 
of  sir  Francis  Walsin^iain. 

Fhiloote'tes  (4  syL),  one  of  the 
Argonauts,  who  was  wounded  in  the 
foot  while  on  his  way  to  Troy.  An 
oracle  declared  to  the  Greeks  that  Troy 
could  not  be  taken  **  without  the  arrows 
of  Hercul^,**  and  as  Hercul^  at  death 
had  given  them  to  Philoctst^s,  the 
Greek  chiefs  sent  for  him,  and  he  re- 
paired to  Troy  in  the  tenth  and  last  year 
of  the  siege. 

AnSofli  hftv*  UMfrdRr.VTMinbMoMi.  8om>wftil. 
InwraMa  PhUoaum  Mftiat.  wilhoot  whoa  TNy  flMUMt 
b*  tftkeB.-€v<7l«. 

Philomel,  daogfater  of  Pandfon 
kinj^  of  Attica.  She  was  oonverted  into 
a  nightingale. 

And  the  iBula  8n«ftc«  hbt  akma 
Xm  PhlkHMl  wUl  defsn  aaoi« 
In  IMT  svwtMt.  iaddcat  pUght, 
Smoothing  the  nigitwl  brow  of  night.  .     . 
Sweet  Urd.  that  rfiunn'tt  the  nobe  of  Mtf, 

MUtou,  //  P^nmrMO  (ISISk. 

FhiloBopher  {The),  Marcus  Aure- 
lius  Antoninus,  the  Roman  emperor,  was 
so  called  by  Justin  Martyr  (121, 161-180). 

Leo  VI.  emperor  of  the  East  (866, 
886-011). 

Porphyry,  the  Neoplatonist  (228-304). 

Alfred  or  Alured,  sumamed  **Angli- 
cos,**  was  also  called  **  The  Philosopher** 
(died  1270). 

PhiloBopher  of  China*  Confucius 
(B.C.  661-4^). 

Philosopher  of  Fem^,  Voltaire, 
who  lived  at  Femey,  near  Geneva,  for 
the  Ust  twenty  years  of  his  life  (1694- 
1778). 

Philosopher   of  Kalmesbnry, 

Thomas  Hobbs,  author  of  Lefmtkam. 
He  was  bom  at  Malmesbury  (1688- 
1679). 

Philosopher  of  Persia  (2%s), 
Abou  £bn  Sina  of  Shims  (died  1087). 

Philosopher  of  Sans  Souoi, 
Frederick  the  Great  of  Prussia  (1712, 
1740-1786). 

♦*♦  Frederick  elector  of  Saxony  was 
caUed  **The  Wise**  (1468,  1544-1654). 

Philosopher     of    Wimbledon 

{The),  John  Home  Tooke,  author  of  the 
diversions  of  Purley.  lie  lived  at 
Wimbledon,  near  London  (1736-1812). 

(For  the  philosophers  of  the  different 
Greek  sects,  as  the  Cynic.  Oyrenaie» 
Eleac,  Eleatic,   Epicurean,  Hsisclitiaii» 


PHILOSOPHBBS. 


7<» 


PHLEGETHON. 


Ionic,  Italic,  Meguic,  Peripatetic,  Sceptic, 
Socratic,  Stoic,  etc.,  see  DkOonary  of 
Phrase  and  FahU,  680<i.) 

FhiloBopherB  {The  Five  English): 

(1)  Roger  Bacon,  author  of  Opus  Majus 
(1214-1292);  (2)  sir  Francu  Bacon, 
author  of  Novum  Orgdnum  (1561-1626) ; 
(8)  the  Hon.  Robert  Boyle  (1627-1691) ; 
(4)  John  Locke,  author  of  a  treatise 
on  the  Human  Understanding  and  Innate 
/diftu  (1682-1704) ;  (5)  sir  Isaac  Newton, 
author  of  Prindp^ia  (1642-1727). 

Fhilosopber's  Stone  {The),  a  red 
powder  or  amalgam,  to  drive  off  the 
impurities  of  baser  metals.  The  word 
stone,  in  this  expression,  does  not  mean 
the  mineral  so  called,  but  the  substratom 
or  article  employed  to  produce  a  certain 
effect.    (See  Elixir  ViTiK.) 

PhUosophy  (The  Father  of),  (1) 
Albrecht  von  Ilaller  of  Berne  (1708-1777). 

(2)  Roger  Bacon  U  also  so  called  (1214- 

1292). 

Philosophy  (The  Father  of  Tnductive), 
Francis  Itacon  lord  VemUm  (1561-1626). 

Philosophy  (The  Father  of  Homan), 
Cicero  the  orator  (r.c.  106-48;. 

Philosophy  (The  Nursing  Mother  of), 
Mde.  de  Boufflers  was  so  called  vy 
Marie  Antoinette. 

Fhil'ostrate  (3  syt.),  master  of  the 
revels  to  llieseus  (2  syL)  kinir  of  Athens. 
— Shakespeare,  Midsummer  NighVs  Dream 
(1592). 

Fhilo'tas,  son  of  Parmenio,  and 
commander  of  the  Macedonian  cavalry. 
He  was  charged  with  plotting  against 
Alexander  the  Great.  Ueing  |^  to  the 
rack,  he  confessed  his  guilt,  and  was 
•toned  to  death. 

Tba  king  m»j  doom  no  to  a  UmnmuhI  torture^ 
Plr  aw  with  flre.  Mtd  rack  lae  lika  PhUota^ 
Bn  I  wis  How  to  idoUM  hb  ptMt. 

M.  Lm.  Almmm4m-th»«rm»,  1. 1  (M78). 

Fhilot'ime  (4  syl.,  "  lote  of  glory  ")i 
daughter  of  Mammon,  whom  the  money- 

Sod  offers  to  sir  Guyon  for  a  wife  ;  hoi 
le  knight  declines  the  honour,  saying 
he  is  bound  by  love-vows  to  another.— 
Spenser,  FaMry  Queen,  ii.  7  (1590). 

Philot'imus,  Ambition  personified. 
(Greek,  philo-4itnos,  "ambitious,  covetous 
of  honour.*")— Phineas  Fletcher,  The 
Purple  Island,  viiL  (1688). 

PhilofimMS,  steward  of  the  home  in 
the  suite  of  (jargantna.— iBnbeliis,  Oar- 
gantua,  i.  18  (1588). 


Fhilpot  (senior),  an  avaridoon  old 
hunks,  and  father  of  (jeorge  Philnok 
The  old  C^t^  merdiant  cannot  speak  * 
sentence  without  bringing  in  soniethin^ 
about  money.  '*He  wears  square-toed 
shoes  with  little  tiny  buckles,  a  brown 
coat  with  small  brass  buttons.  ...  Ilia 
&ce  is  all  shrivelled  and  pinched  with 
care,  and  he  shakes  his  head  like  a 
mandarin  upon  a  chimne^'-piece  **  (act 
L  1). 

WlMBlvsimTfaMK.  I  piKufni  Uw  part  of  "OM 
PhllpM,'*«lBrickttNi.  wiS  mat  aeeeii.  aaSaart  aMnli^ 
I  waa  itrodaeed  lito  a  ctaVroom.  AiH  of  eompamr.  (i« 
hearing  aay  aama  aanoanccd.  •••  of  ika  gwiillii  mtn  laid 
Aamn  Ms  |dpe.a»<.  takii«  «p  '■'Mf'""*  "^  "  H«n*«  to 

fhll  the  ^JmmfJmSpSm  latt  aijchi  ckr  plit  ml 
*  Fhilpot.' aad  a  vary  nkxelnrar  old  fMrtkoMa  hah.    1 


yoar  vorthj  Ctthar."— 

Oeor^  Philpot,  The  profligate  son  of 
old  Philpot,  destined  for  Maria  Wilding, 
but  the  betrothal  b  broken  off,  and  Mana 
marries  Beaufoit.  George  wants  to 
pass  for  a  dashing  yonng  bladcL  bat  is 
made  the  dupe  of  every  one.  **  Babbled 
at  pla^ ;  duped  by  a  giri  tc  whom  he 

Ckid  his  addresses ;  cud^lled  by  a  rake ; 
ughed  at  by  hb  cronies ;  snubbed  by 
his  father ;  and  despised  by  every  one/* 
—Murphy,  The  Citizen  (175/  or  1761). 

Fhiltra*  a  lady  of  large  fortune,  be- 
trothed to  Bracidas;  but,  seeing  the 
fortune  of  Am  Idas  dsiu^  increasing,  and 
that  of  Bracidas  getting  smaller  and 
smaller,  she  forsook  the  d^ining  fortune 
of  her  first  lover,  and  attached  herself  to 
the  more  prosperons  younger  brother. — 
Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  v.  4  (1596). 

Phineus  [iV.mictf],  a  bland  sooth- 
sayer, who  was  tormented  by  the  har|HC8. 
Whenever  a  meal  was  set  before  him,  the 
harpies  came  and  carried  it  off,  but  the 
Argonauts  delivered  him  from  tiiese  pests 
in  return  for  his  information  respecting 
the  route  they  were  to  take  in  order  to 
obtain  the  golden   ieece.     (See   Tu«. 

8IAS.) 


XmcOLSS 

Phis,  the  pseudonym  of  Habloi  K. 
Browne,  who  illustrated  the  Pickwick 
Papers  (1886),  Nicholas  NicUeby,  and 
most  of  Gharles  Dickens's  works  of  fic> 
tion.  He  also  illustrated  the  Abbotsford 
edition  of  the  Wacerley  Novels, 

Fhlflff'ethon  (8  syL),  one  itf  the  five 
rivers  of  hell.  The  word  means  the 
'« river  of  liqmd  fire."  (Greek,  phUg^ 
**  I  bum.")    The  other  rivers  are  Styx, 


FHLBGBLLN  SIZE. 


7«8 


FHlAOirEES. 


▲ek'ooo,  Goeytns,  Mid  Le'th&     <Sm 
Sttx.) 


«!«  of  totnot  Ire  iaiaiiM  wtth  1 

PhlM^'riaa  8iae.  ^^ntic.    Phlegn 

or  the  Fiile^ne'an  plain,  in  Hacedon,  is 

where  the  gimnta  attacked  the  goda,  and 

were   defeiSed    bj  Uercfil^      Drajton 

makee  ^  diphthong  <8  a  short  • : 

Whow  M|r  love  anirlBad  thoM  of  the  PhkgrfM  rf«. 
Tho  TkuMK  Ihaft  OMO  i«yBit  Ugk  iMVWi  dmt  riMh 

/lolyofMM.  «L  (ICl^ 

PhobbB.  Oaptain  and  Mrs.  Fhobbe, 
with  M6k  major  Phobbs  a  widow,  sister- 
in-law  to  the  captain,  in  Lend  Jie  Fi9e 
Shiilings,  by  J.  M.  Morton. 

Fho'cion,  hasband  of  Euphra'sia 
"  the  Grecian  daughter.**  — A.  Murphy, 
J%e  Oreoitm  Daughter  (1772). 

Pho'oyas,  general  of  the  Syrian  army 
in  the  si^  of  Damascus.  Fnocyas  was 
in  love  with  Eudo'cia.  daughter  of  Eu'- 
nooifiB  tiie  governor,  but  when  lie  asked 
the  governor's  consent,  Enmenus  sternly 
rcfuMd  to  give  it.  After  gaining  several 
battles,  Phoeyas  fell  into  the  hands  of 
the  Aimba,  and  consented  to  join  their 
army  to  revenge  himself  on  £um€V;6s. 
The  Arabs  triumphed,  and  Eudocia  was 
taken  captive,  but  she  refused  to  wed  a 
traitor.  Ultimately,  Phoeyas  died,  and 
Endocia  entered  a  con  vent.--John  U  ugfaes, 
Siege  of  Damaacus  (1720). 

PhoBbuB,  tiie  sun-god.  Phoebe  (2 
«y/.},  the  moon-goddess. — Qreek  Mytho- 


'^h 


^kaefm»*a  Son.  Pha'^ton  obtained  per- 
mission of  his  father  to  drive  the  sun-car 
for  one  day,  but,  unable  to  guide  the 
horses,  they  left  their  usual  track,  the  car 
was  overturned,  and  both  heaven  and 
earth  were  threstened  with  destmctioa. 
Japiter  struck  Phaeton  with  his  thunder- 
bolt, and  he  fell  headlong  into  the  Po. 

.  .  .  tike  Wi«j»iM'  ternat  chlMo. 
SU  prinno  hb  bttor's  flory  wtftm. 
iiiw-tt  ii1t»  of  <wib  iwiliii  T'fH. 

with  wlur  haad  to  wgra>  i .  . . 
the  wdkte  war  aMMl  biatMi  phqriM. 

to  buna.  Uit  bfttfy  for  to  itanm. 


Bo 


PhtJ^.  Gaston  de  Poix  was  to  called, 
from  his  great  beauty  (1488-1512). 

Phatma  {Captain),  the  betrothed  of 
Flenr  de  Mane.  He  also  entertains  a 
baae  love  for  Esmeralda,  the  beautiful 
cipsy  girl. — Victor  Hugo,  lUotre  Dame  de 
ftra  (1881). 

PhflBnix  {The)  if  said  to  live  600  (or 


1000)  years,  when  it  makee  a  aeit  o< 
spices,  bums  itself  to  ashes,  and  cornea 
forth  with  renewed  life  for  another  simi- 
lar i)eriod.  There  never  was  but  one 
ph<soix. 


The  bM  of  Anhjw  .  .  .  CM  nofor  4|«, 

And  jrot  than  b  aunot  Bat  ontf  oaob 

AptMitlx.  .  .  .  PUnni  ihoweth  al  to bb SItofy  Wmtmtrmi, 

What  bo  doth  Sndo  Of  Um  phoatai  ktMb. 

i.  Bkolton.  rkiUpSpmnmVOmt,  Bm*!  VIILV 

PbcBoix  Theatre  (The),  now  called 
Drury  Lane. 

Phoenix  Tree,  the  rasin,  an  Arabian 
tree.  Floro  says :  <*  There  never  wa^  btit 
one,  and  upon  it  the  phoenix  sits.** — 
Dictionary  (1698). 

Pliny  thinks  the  tree  on  whidi  the 
phosnix  was  supposed  to  perch  ie  the 
date  tree  (called  in  Greek  phoinit),  adding 
that  **the  bird  died  witn  the  tree,  and 
revived  of  itself  as  the  tree  revived.** — 
Nat,  Ifist.f  xiiL  4. 


Movlvflll 
ThatttMfaaroaaieonaa;  thatlo  AraMa 
Tbmm  m  o«o  ttoo,  tbo  i^Meata^  thnmo :  ono  | 
At  thb  hour  i^tfoiag  (hara. 

Bhafcoapoaia,  Tk«  T«mp»M,  aot  Ifi.  M.  S  (ieOS)i. 

PhorouB,  **the  old  man  of  the  sea.** 
He  had  three  daughters,  with  only  one 
eve  and  one  tooth  between  *em. — Oreek 
Mutholopy, 

This  is  not  '*  the  old  man  of  the  sea  ** 
mentioned  in  the  ^ni6iaji  NighU  (**  Sind- 
bad  the  Sailor**). 

Phor'inio,  a  parasite,  who  is  *<all 
things  to  all  men.— Terence,  Phormio, 

Phosphor,  the  light-bringer  or  morn- 
ing star ;  also  called  Heipirus^  and  by 
Homer  and  Hesiod  He6$-pkaro8, 

Bright] 


TonnywNt,  In  M^maHmm,  csxi.  (1S89). 

Phos'phorus,  a  knight  celled  by 
Tennyson  **  Morning  Star,'*  but,  in  the 
Uiatorif  of  Prince  JrMitr,  '*  sir  Persaunt 
of  India  or  the  Blue  Knight.**  One  of 
the  four  brothers  who  kept  the  passages 
to  Castle  Perilous.  —  Tennyson.  Idytlt 
(**  Gareth  and  Lyaette  '*)  ;  sir  T.  Malory, 
History  of  Prince  Arthur,  i.  ISl  (1470). 

%*  It  b  evidently  a  blunder  so  call 
the  mm  Knight  "  Morning  Star  **  and  the 
Green  Knight  "Evening  Star.**  In  the 
old  romance,  the  combat  writh  the  "  Green 
Knight  '*  is  at  dawn,  and  with  the  **  Blue 
Knight*'  at  ni^tfall.  The  error  an^se 
from  not  bearing  in  mind  that  our  fore- 
fathers began  the  day  with  the  preceding 
eve,  and  ended  it  at  sunset. 

Phraortes  (8  sy/.),  a  Greek  admiimL 
—Sir  W.  Soott,  Coumi  BnAtrt  of  P^tm 
(time,  Bofos). 


PHSAT. 


764 


PIOOOUHO. 


Fhrat.  the  Eo-phnt-cs,  now  called 
FontorFnt. 

Phry'ne  (2  <y/.)>  *>>  Athenian  cour- 
tezan of  inrpassing  beauty.  ApellSa's 
celebrated  picture  of  **Yenti8  Anadyo- 
mfoS*'  was  drawn  from  Phrrn^  who 
entered  the  tea  with  hair  diaherelled  for 
a  model.  The  «*Cnidian  Venaa"  of 
Praxit^O^s  wai  also  taken  from  the  same 
model. 

Some  say  Campaspd  was  the  academy 
figure  of  the  *^  Venus  Anadyomene." 
Pope  has  a  poem  called  Phryne, 

Phyllis,  a  Thraciaa  who  fell  in  lore 
with  I)emopli'odn.  After  some  months 
of  mutual  affection,  Demophoon  was 
obliged  to  sail  for  Athens,  but  promised 
to  return  wiUiin  a  month.  When  a 
BonA  had  elapsed,  and  Demophoon  did 
not  put  in  an  appearance,  Fliyllis  so 
mourned  for  him  tnat  she  was  changed 
into  an  almond  tree,  hence  called  by  the 
Greeks  Phylia,  In  time,  Demophoon  re- 
turned, and,  being  told  the  fate  of  Phyllis, 
ran  to  embrace  the  tree,  which,  though 
liear  and  leafless  at  the  time,  was  instantly 
covered  with  leaves,  hence  called  Phylia 
by  tiie  Greeks. 

IM  Demophoon  tell 
Why  PIqrUto  bf  a  fkl*  oallnMlr  fan. 

Phyllis^  a  country  girl  in  Yirgil^s  third 
and  'fifth  Ecloguet.  Hence,  a  rustic 
maiden.    Also  spelt  Phillis  (q.v.). 

PhuUi$f  in  Spenser*s  eclogue  Colin 
Ctouta  Come  Home  Again^  is  lady  Carey, 
wife  of  sir  George  Carey  (afterwards  lord 
Hunsdon,  1696).  Lady  Carey  was  Eliza- 
beth, the  second  of  the  six  daughters  of 
sir  John  Spenser  of  Althorpe,  ancestor  of 
the  noble  houses  of  Spenser  and  Marl- 
borough. 

No  iMi  pnilMworthr  an  Um  ifat«n  Uitm^ 
Tba  hotwMir  of  tho  iioblo  Caaillr 
Of  which  I  iiMMinwt  boMt  oiTMif  to  b«.  .  .  . 
PbjrllU.  QiAoni*.  And  ttrcH  AmiirjrlUs: 
Phyllto  Uw  fUr  li  eld«C  of  Um  thim 

r,  C9Un  dtfwl'f  Omm  ironM  A  tmin  (1004). 


Phyllis  and  Brunetta,  rival 
beauties.  Phyllis  procured  for  a  certain 
festival  some  marvellous  fabric  of  gold 
brocade  in  order  to  eclipse  her  rival,  but 
Brunetta  dressed  the  slave  who  bore  her 
train  in  a  robe  of  the  same  material  and 
cut  in  precisely  the  same  ftwhion,  while 
she  herself  wore  simple  black.  Phyllis 
died  of  mortification.— rA«  Spectator 
(1711,  1712,  1714). 

Phynnodderee,  a  Manx  spirit, 
similar  to  the  Scotch  brownie.  Fhyn- 
nodderee  is  an  outlawed  fairy,  who  ab- 


sented himself  from  Fairy-coart  tm  Um 
great  let^  dajr  of  the  harvest  Boon. 
Instead  of  paying  his  respects  to  kin^ 
Oberon,  he  remiuned  in  the  0en  oc 
Rushen,  dancing  with  a  pretty  Manx 
maid  whom  he  was  courting. 

Physio  a  Fainee  is  (Bis).  Sir  John 
Hill  began  his  career  as  an  apothecary 
in  St.  Martin's  Lane,  London ;  became 
author,  and  amon^t  othM*  things  wrote 
farces.    (>arrick  said  of  him : 


For  phpie  and  fanm,  hk  eqoal  thm  i 
HbfHVMartpfaTiic;  hfa  phyiic  >  aatt  k. 

Physician  (Tke  Beloved)^  St.  Luke 
the  evangelist  {Col,  iv.  14). 

Physicians  {The  prmce  of)^  Avi- 
cenna  the  Arabian  (980-1087). 

Physigna'thos,  king  of  the  frop, 
and  son  of  Pelus  (^^mud**).  Bein^ 
wounded  in  the  battle  of  the  frogs  and 
mice  by  Troxartas  the  mouse  king,  be 
flees  ingloriously  to  a  pool,  "  and  half  in 
anguish  of  the  flight  expires^  (bk.  iiL 
112).    The  word  means  *'  puffed  chaps.** 

Great  Phnjgiuithos  I  flroai  P«h»'  imc*. 
iBbdr  HydruowM-k  «■! 


YKmaL.»mttim  V  «h«  >V«««  Mitf  Jfle*.  i.  (aboat  171S)l 

Pibrao  {Seigneur  de),  poet  and  diplo- 
matist, author  of  Citujuante  Quatrams 
(1574).  Gorgibus  bids  his  dau|^ter  to 
study  Pibrac  instead  of  trashy  novels 
and  poetry. 

Uks-omI.  eoBBM  0  fHit.  M  Hen  de  eat  Mnwttai, 
Lm  qmmtrmtm  de  Florae.  aClct  Soctsi  fWMr«« 
Du  eaaseUkr  Matthlau ;  roanaf*  astdB  rakar. .  .  . 
La  Outd*  4mp4ekmtrt  Mt  aneora  an  boa  hvrt. 
MolUra.  8§mmmmu,  L  1  (M 


(Pierre  Matthien,  poet  and  historian, 
wrote  Quatrains  de  la  Vanity  du  Monde, 
1629.) 

Pioanninies  (4  sy/.),  little  diildren ; 
the  small  fry  of  a  village.— West  Indian 

Negroes, 

Thera  mn  at  Um  aianlafe  tba  phsaanfailat  a^  tha 
JbhUUei;  bat  uoC  Uia  Gnnd  PaoJanSraB.— Toovbl 

Picaresoo  School  (The),  romances 
of  roguery;  called  in  Spanish  Qusto 
Picaresoo,  Oil  Bias  is  one  of  this  school 
of  novels. 

Pio'atxiZt  the  pseudonym  of  a  Span- 
ish monk ;  author  of  a  book  on  demono- 
logy. 

WhanlwaiaatadeRt..  .  .  thatMBMaar.neatite  .  .. 
vac  woot  to  teU  N>  that  Saiila  4ifi  naturaBr  hv  tha 
bricbt  flaabot  or  nrordsaii  mach  at  heCeaiad  thatplaadoar 
of  U»e  sun.— BabalaK  Pamta^rutl.  Ui.  »  (Utf). 

Picoolino.  an  opera  br  Mons. 
Guirand  (1875);  libretto  by  MM. 
Sardou  and  Nuittier.  lliis  opera  was 
first  introduced  to  an  English  audience 


PICKEL-HBRRINGK. 


765 


PICTURE. 


im  1679.  The  tele  is  this:  Hftrthe,  an 
Qt^htfi  girl  Adopted  by  *  Swiss  pastor, 
is  m  lo%  e  with  Fr^d^ric  Auvray,  a  yonntr 
artist,  who  **  loved  and  left  his  love. 
Marthe  plods  through  the  snow  from 
Switaeriaad  to  Rome  to  find  her  young 
artist)  but,  for  greater  security,  puts  on 
boy*s  clothes,  and  assumes  the  name  of 
Piccolino.  She  sees  Frv'dMc,  who  knows 
her  not ;  but,  struck  with  her  beauty, 
makes  a  drawing  of  her.  Marthe  dis- 
covers that  the  faithless  Fr^^ric  is  pav- 
ing his  addresses  to  Elena  (sister  of  the 
diuce  Stroszi).  She  tells  the  lady  her 
love-tale;  and  FrM^ric,  deserted  by 
Elena,  forbids  Piccolino  (Marthe)  to 
oome  into  his  presence  acain.  The  poor 
Swiss  wanderer  throws  herself  into  the 
Tiber,  but  is  rescued.  Fr^^ric  repents, 
and  the  curtain  falls  on  a  reconciliation 
and  approaching  marriage. 

Pickel-Herringe  (5  syL),  a  popular 
namo  among  the  Dutch  for  a  buffoon  ;  a 
corruption  of  jHckle-harin  (**a  hairy 
spilte**),  answering    to    Ben   Jonsons 


Piokle  (Peregrine),  a  savage,  un- 
grateful spendthrtft,  fond  of  practical 
lokes,  delightiuf^  in  tormenting  others ; 
nt  suffering  with  ill  temper  the  mis- 
fortunes which  resulted  from  his  own 
wilfdbiess.  His  ingratitude  to  his  uncle, 
and  his  arrogance  to  Hatchway  and 
Pipes,  are  simply  hateful. — T.  Smollett, 
The  AdoerUmrs  of  JPereg»-me  Fiokh 
(1761). 

Pickwick  (Samuel),  the  chief  cha- 
racter of  The  Pickwick  Papers,  a  novel 
by  C.  Dickens.  He  is  general  chairman 
of  the  Pickwick  Club.  A  most  ver- 
dant, benevolent,  elderly  ^ntleman,  who, 
as  member  of  a  club  instituted  "for  the 
IHirpose  of  investigating  the  source  of 
the  Hampstead  ponds,  travels  about 
with  three  members  of  ue  club^  to  whom 
he  acts  as  guardian  and  adviser.  The 
adventures  uiey  encounter  form  the  sub- 
ject of  the  Posthumous  Papers  of  the 
Pickwick  atA  (1886). 

The  original  of  Seymonr*8  picture  of 
'*  I^ckwick  "  was  a  Mr.  John  Foster  (not 
the  biographer  of  Dickens,  but  a  friend 
of  Mr.  Chapman^s  the  publisher).  He 
lived  at  Ridimond,  and  was  *'  a  fat  old 
beau,**  noted  for  his  **drab  tights  and 
black  gaiters." 

Piekwiokiaii  Sense  (In  a),  an 
tnsolt  whitewashed.  Mr.  Pickwick  ac- 
cwscd  l[r»  Blotton  of  acting  in  **a  vile 


and  calumnious  manner ;  **  whereupon 
Mr.  Blotton  retorted  by  calling  Mr. 
Pickwick  '<  a  humbug."  But  it  finally 
was  made  to  appear  that  both  had  used 
the  offensive  words  only  in  a  parlia- 
mentary sense,  and  that  each  entertained 
for  the  other  "the  highest  regard  and 
esteem.**  So  the  difficulty  was  easily 
adjusted,  and  both  were  satisfied. 

and  poHtldana  daOjr  abow  aadi  otiicr  la  a 
I— Bowdltch. 


Fio'rochole,king  of  Lem^  noted  for 
his  choleric  temper,  his  thirst  for  empire, 
and  his  vast  but  ill-digested  projects. — 
Rabelais,  Gargantua,  i.  (1533). 

Supposed  to  be  a  satire  on  (Charles  Y. 
of  Spain. 

The  raatki  of  Utopia  one  day  adcod  Uie  eake-bakm  of 
Lem«  to  stU  diem  loiiie  cRke*.  A  quarrel  emued.  and 
Ungncroeboto  niarolMd  with  an  hhanmr  against  Utopia, 
to  extirpate  the  Ineoleat  inhabitants.— Bk.  L  S3. 

Fioroohole'8  Counsellors.  The 
duke  of  Smalltrash,  the  earl  of  Swash- 
buckler, and  captain  Durtaille,  advised 
king  Picrochole  to  leave  a  small  garrison 
at  home,  and  to  divide  his  army  into 
two  parts — to  send  one  south,  and  Uie 
other  north.  The  former  was  to  take 
Portugal,  Spain,  Italy,  Germany  (but 
was  to  spare  the  life  of  Barbarossa),  to 
take  the  islands  of  the  Mediterranean, 
the  MorM,  the  Holy  Land,  and  all 
Lesser  Asia.  The  northern  army  was  to 
take  Belgium,  Denmark,  Prussia,  Poland, 
Russia,  Norway,  Sweden,  sail  across  the 
Sandy  Sea,  and  meet  the  other  half  at 
Constantinople,  when  king  Picrochole 
was  to  divide  the  nations  amongst  his 
great  captains.  £che|Aron  said  he  had 
heard  about  a  pitcher  of  milk  which  was 
to  make  its  possessor  a  nabob,  and  give 
him  for  wife  a  sultan's  daughter;  only 
the  poor  fellow  broke  his  pitcher,  and 
had  to  go  supperless  to  bed.  (See  Boba- 
DiL.)— Rabelais,  Pantagruel,  i.  SS  (1533). 

A  shoemaker  boaght  a  ha'p'orth  of  aiflk;  with  thb  ha 
intended  to  make  batter,  the  butter  «as  to  buy  a  cow, 
the  eow  was  to  hare  a  calf,  the  ealT  was  to  be  soM. 
and  the  man  to  becooM  a  nabob }  only  ihe  poor  dreamer 
erased  the  jug,  ^itlt  the  milk,  and  had  to  fo  soppeilssi 
to  bedi  ■  '^uttngmtt,  1. 13^ 

Piots,  the  Caledonians  or  inhabitants 
of  Albin,  i,e.  northern  Scotland.  Tlie 
Scots  came  from  Scotia,  north  of  Ire- 
land, and  established  themselves  under 
Kenneth  M*Alpin  in  843. 

The  etymology  of  "  Picts  **  from  the 
Latin  picti  ( *  *  painted  men  "),  is  about  equal 
to  Steven8*8  etymology  of  the  word 
"brethren"  from  taoernacle  "because 
we  breathe-therein.** 

Picture  (TVitf),  a  drama  by  Mas- 
singer  (1629).    The  story  of  this  play 


KCCS. 


7m 


nOU  dMi  of  tiw  Twelfth  Nighty  br 
Bhakopfsre)  it  Uk«a  from  tbe  norct- 
ittd  of  BftadeOo  of  Piediaont,  who  died 


«.  i'ons,  m  foodiMnrer  and  ftn^^nr ;  ha*- 
btutd  at  CMfteoA.  In  hit  prophetie  art 
be  made  iwe  of  a  woodpecker  (/nctw),  a 
prophetic  bird  Mcred  to  Mars.  Circd  fell 
to  love  with  hiia,  and  aa  be  did  not  re- 
quite her  advances,  she  changed  htm  into 
a  woodpecker,  whereby  he  Mill  —-----■ 
his  pro|rfietic  power. 


vaM«l  tJMi  Kfovy  tocb* 
Lll. 


. flwIwM  Mtmdml 

MM  Mm  to  kvvftck 
"^1 


f-Oiiidk. 


Pied  Hones.  Motasacw  had 
180,000  pied  hortes^  which  he  einployed 
to  carr^  earth  to  the  plain  of  Catonl; 
and  having  raised  a  monnd  of  sufficient 
height  to  command  a  view  of  tbe  whole 
neighbourhood,  he  built  tbeieon  the  royal 
city  of  Samarah'. — Khondemyr,  IChetatsai 
al  Akkbar  (1495). 

The  ffill  of  the  Pied  fforseg,  the  site  of 
the  palace  ot  Alkoremmi,  built  by  Mo- 
tassem,  and  enlarged  by  Yathek. 

Pied  Piper  of  Hamelin  (8  syl.), 
a  piper  named  Bunting,  from  his  dress. 
He  undertook,  for  a  certain  sum  of 
money,  to  free  the  town  of  Hamelin,  in 
Brunswick,  of  the  rats  which  infested 
it ;  but  when  he  bad  drowned  all  the  rats 
in  the  river  Weser,  the  townsmen  refused 
to  pay  tbe  sum  agreed  upon.  The  piper, 
in  revenge,  collected  together  all  the 
children  of  Hamelin,  and  enticed  them 
by  his  piping  into  a  cavern  in  the  side 
of  the  mountain  Koppenberg,  which  in- 
stantly dosed  upon  them,  and  180  went 
down  alive  into  tbe  pit  (June  26,  1284). 
The  street  through  which  Bunting  con- 
ducted his  victims  was  Bungen,  and 
from  that  day  to  this  no  music  is  ever 
allowed  to  be  played  in  this  particular 
street. — Verstegan,  Jiestitutionof  Deca^ 
Inteiiiijence  (laai), 

Robert  Brownmg  has  a  poem  entitled 
The  Pied  Piper, 

Krichius,  in  his  ICxodus  JIamclensiSy 
maintains  the  truth  of  this  legend ;  but 
Martin  Schoock,  in  his  Fabuia  lioinelensis^ 
contends  that  it  is  a  mere  mvth. 

**  I)on*l  forget  to  pay  the  piper  **  is 
still  a  Itousebold  expression  in  common 
use. 

*>  Ihe  same  tale  is  told  of  the  fiddler 
u<  Bnudenberg.    The  ehildren  werv  led  | 


I  to  the  Marieubetg,  which 
then  and  swallowed  flteai  np. 

%*  When  Lorch   waa    ' 
anta,  a  hermit  led  the  multitiidi 
sects  by  his  pipe  into  a  lake,  where  they 
perisiied.    As  the  inhabit  awts  nfnaid  ta 
pay  the  stipulated  price,  be  led  Acir 
tbe  same  daaoe,  and  they,  tooiy 
m  the  lake. 

Next  jTcar,  a  charcoal-buner  deaivd 
the  same  place  of  crickets;  and  whea 
the  price  agreed  upon  was  withheld,  ho 
led  the  sheep  of  the  inhabitanta  into  tha 
Uke. 

The  third  year  came  a  plague  of  rat^ 
which  an  old  man  of  the  mountain  piped 
away  and  destroyed.  Bctng  refused  Ids 
reward,  be  piped  the  children  of  Lorch 
into  tbe  Tannenberg. 

%*  About  200  years  ago^  the  people  of 
Ispahan  were  tormented  with  n^  when 
a  little  dwarf  named  Giottf,  not  above 
two  feet  high,  promised,  on  the  payment 
of  a  certain  sum  of  money,  to  free  the 
city  of  all  its  vermin  in  an  hour.    Tbe 
terms  were    agreed   to,   and  Giouf,   bj 
tabor  and  pipe,  attracted  everf  rat  and 
mcHue  to  follow  him  to  flie  river  Zen- 
derou,  where   they   were  all  drowned* 
Next   dar,    the   dwarf   demanded    the 
money  ;  but  the  people  gave  him  sevwal 
bad  coins,  which  they  refused  to  duu^^ 
Next  day,  they  saw  with  horror  an  old 
black  woman,  fifty  feet  high,  standing 
in  the  market-place  with  a  whip  ia  her 
hand.      She   was    the    genie    Mergiaa 
Banou,  the  mother  of  the  dwarf.    Tor 
four  days  she  strangled  daily  fifteen  of 
the  principal  women,  and  on  the  ftfth  day 
led  forty  others  to  a  magic  tower,  into 
which  she  drove  them,  and  they  were 
never  after  seen  by  mortal  eye. — T.  S. 
Guenlette,    CMpmsv   Tak$  (**  History  of 
Prince  Kader-Bilab,**  1728). 

*«*  The  syrens  of  classic  storjr  had,  by 
their  weird  spirit-music,  a  similar  in*- 
sistible  influence. 

(Weird  music  is  called  Alpleich  or 
Elfenseigen.) 

Fierift,  a  mountainous  slip  of  land  in 
ThesMily.  A  portion  of  the  Mountains 
is  called  PiCrus  or  the  Pierian  Moun- 
tain, the  seat  of  the  Muses. 

Ah  I  will  aunt  \mf  PlOTteli  happT  ibon, 

to  plooi^  UM  tid*  whcr*  wintfy  tampMliroarT 

Pierre  [Pcerl^  a  blunt,  bold,  out- 
spoken man.  who  beads  a  conspiraey  to 
murder  the  Venetian  senators,  and  induces 
Jaffier  to  join  the  gang,    tianer  (ie 


PISRKB. 


767 


PIGROGROMITUS. 


to  MrVe  kis  wtfo*8  father,  Priili),  reveals 

the  plot^  under  promise  of  free  pardon ; 

but  the  senators  break  their  pled^,  and 

order  the  conspirators  to  torture  and  death. 

Jaflier,  beinff  free,  because  he  had  turned 

'*  kind's  erioenoe,'*  stabs  Pierre  to  prevent 

his  being  broken  on  the  wheel,  and  then 

kills  himself.— T.  Otway»    Venice  Pi^ 

werved  (1682). 

J«te  K«aMa[iri7-18Ml«oy«  M(  pk^ 
■Iw  CooIm,  Bor  (mild  Cooke  phjr  "nvrc 

M  M .  Tou^  -  Pfcm."  IT  aot  ••  Mi^.  Ii 
and  aoUMjF  tiHa   Ii»iti1ii'a>— ilfa^   MmUhig 
(ISttl. 


rirPwtliMU* 
UkaKmUoL 


ra  "  Pfam "  «M oocMknally  too Sunlliar,  and 

and  diMlM  load  J  bat  it  kwl  IwMitin  ol  the  hl^Mrt 

r.  of  «bkh  I  chte%  ww— ibur  hia  pwria«ala  tannt 

«f  Ibe  puig  «C  eompliatofs.  and  his  lileat  refiroacii  to 

'  ~     '  br  boldlfiR  op  Ms  MftiMMled  handi,  and  lookli« 

tba  po«r  tnltor  vMh  ■liiilfcst  wcww  (USS-187SJ.— 


Pti0T0.  a  very  iaqmaitiTe  servant  of 
M.    Dsnement,  who  long   suspects  his 
has  played  falsely  with  his  ward 
count    9i   Hanuicour.  —  Thomas 


BoloKoft,  The  Deaf  and  Dumb  (1785). 

Pierre  Alphonse  {Babbi  Motae 
Sgpkardi)f  a  Spanish  Jew  converted  to 
Christianity  in  1062. 

An  storks  that  raeotded  art 

^  ttewn  AlfuMe  ba  knav  by  boarl 

lo^hUaw,  Tk»  W^fridt  imm  (pnlada). 

Pierre    da    Coignet   or  Coig* 

ndres,  an  advocate-general  in  the  reign 

of    Philippe    de    Valois,    who    stoutly 

opposed  tne  encreadiments  of  the  Church. 

Toe  monks,  in  revenge,  nicknamed  those 

gTotcflOue  fibres  in  stone  (called  **g*r- 

goyles  ),  pterres  du  coignet.    At  Notre 

IHune  de  Paris  there  were  at  one  time 

gargovles  used  for  extinguishing  torches, 

and  the  smoke  added  not  a  little  to  their 

ugliness. 

T—  mmj  — oriata  thwnwith  Mastg FI«t> do Cqignet, 
...  vbin  parfsm  Ihe  oSka  of  sitiasolsbariL— F 


Pierrot  [-Pp'-«r-ro],  a  character  in 
French  pantomime,  representing  a  man 
in  stature  and  a  child  in  mind.  He  is 
genendly  tiie  tallest  and  thinnest  nan  in 
ttie  company,  and  appears  with  his  face 
and  hair  thickly  covered  with  flour.  He 
wears  a  white  gown,  with  very  long 
sleeves,  and  a  row  of  big  buttons  down 
the  front.  The  word  means  "  Little 
Peter." 

Piers  and  Palinode,  two  shep- 
herds in  Spenser's  fifth  eclogue,  represent- 
ing the  protestant  and  the  catholic  priest. 

Piers  or  Percy  again  appears  in  eel.  x» 
with  Cuddy,  a  poetic  shepherd.  This 
Boble  eelogve  has  lor  Ms  subject  **  poetry." 


Cuddy  complains  that  poetrv  has  ao 
patronage  or  encouragement,  although  it 
comes  by  inspiration.  He  says  no  one 
would  be  so  qualified  as  Colin  to  sing 
divine  poetr}',  if  his  mind  were  not  so 
depressed  by  disappointed  lovc^Spenser^ 
The  Shephearde$  Calendar  (1.579). 

Pie'tio  (2  sv/.)y  the  putative  father 
of  Poropilia.  lliis  paternity  was  a  fraud, 
to  oust  the  heirs  of  certain  property 
which  would  otherwise  fall  to  them. — R. 
Browning,  The  Ring  and  the  Booky  ii« 
580. 

Pig.  Fhsedrus  tells  a  tale  of  a  popular 
actor  who  imitated  the  squeak  of  a  pig. 
A  peasant  said  to  the  audience  that  he 
would  himself  next  night  challenge 
and  beat  the  actor.  When  the  ni^i^t 
arrived,  the  audience  ananimously  gave 
judgment  in  favour  of  the  actor,  saying 
that  his  squeak  was  by  far  the  beM>er 
imitation ;  but  the  peasant  presented  to 
them  a  real  pig,  and  said,  **  B^Id,  what 
excellent  jua^  are  ye  I"  This  is 
similar  to  Uie  judgment  of  the  connois- 
seur who  said,  *MVhy,  the  fellow  has 
actually  attempted  to  paint  a  fly  on  that 
rosebud,  but  it  is  no  more  like  a  fly  Uian 

I  am  like ^"  but,  as  he  approached  his 

finger  to  the  picture,  the  fly  new  awav. — 
G.  A.  Stevens,  The  Connouaew  (1764). 

Pigal  (M<m$.  de)f  the  dancing-master 
who  teaches  Alice  Bridgenorth. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Peveni  of  the  Peak  (time,  Oiarles 
II.). 

Pigeon  and  Dore  {The).  Prmce 
Constantio  was  changed  into  a  pigeon 
and  tile  princess  Constantia  into  a  dove, 
because  they  loved,  but  were  always 
crossed  in  love.  Constantio  found  that 
Constantia  was  sold  by  his  mother  for  a 
slave,  and  in  order  to  follow  her  he  was 
converted  into  a  pigeon.  Constantia  was 
seized  by  a  giant,  and  in  order  to  escape 
him  was  changed  into  a  dove.  Cupid 
then  took  them  to  Paphos,  and  they 
became  **  examples  of  a  tender  and  sin- 
cere passion ;  and  ever  since  have  been 
the  emblems  of  love  and  constancy.** — 
Comtesse  D* Annoy,  Fairy  IhOee  (<*The 
Pigeon  and  Dove,'^  1682). 

Pigmy,  a  dwarf.    (See  Ptomt.) 

Pigptt  Diamond  (The)^  bnmght 
from  India  by  lord  Pigott.  It  weighs 
82^  carats.  In  1818  it  came  into  the 
hands  of  Messrs.  Rundell  and  Bridge. 

Pigrogromltns,  a  name  alluded  ta 
by  sir  AalcDew  Ague-cheek. 


PJLGRnrS  PitOGRESS. 


Plgwlx'geil,  »  («ry  knight,  wboar 
■moan  in£  ouhh  Hab,  ud  tnrioDD 
cooitnt  witb  Oberoo,  form  Uie  nbject  of 
Dn.vtoD'l  Sip»t^adia  (1593). 

Flks.  Tbe  bc*t  pake  in  the  world  mn 
obUincd  from  the  V/jth't-ni,  in  tb>t 
diriuon  of  Liaeolnahin  called  Kcatcven 
(ia  UK  WMt). 

Ptttf  ((rifan),  valet  to  old  nwinr 
Bcllenden.—Sir  W.  Scott,  Old  Xorlaiity 
(lime,  Chiul«a  II.). 

Pllatiu  iHovnt),  in  SwiturUnd. 
The  leftwd  u  that  Vm&aa  Pilate,  being 
baniibed  to  Ganl  hy  the  emperor 
Tiberiui,  wandered  to  tiiis  Dioant,  and 
flnng  htmiell  into  a  black  lake  at  the 
(Dinmit  of  the  hill,  beinic  unable  to 
endure  the  torture  o(  conecience  for 
kaving  gipea  up  the  Lord  to  ciuciflxioa. 

PlloroW-,  a  mark  in  printing,  to 
■ttnct  attention,  tnade  thai  1  or  0- 


in'aVhip  callBd'thii  Masfomer,  toNnrth 
America,  and  colooiied  Uaine,  New 
HampghiR,  Vermont,  UuuehoaeUi,  and 
Connecticut.  These  atatea  the;  called 
"  New  England."  New  rivmootb  (nou 
Boston)  was  the  lecond  colony  planted 
by  th«  Engliah  in  the  New  Worid. 


FUgrlm— Falmar.  Filgrau  had 
dwelling*,  palnieri  had  none.  Pilgrwu 
went  at  their  own  <^r|!C,  palmeri  pn>- 
feiaed  willing  poverty  and  lived  on 
charity.  Filgrmu  might  rctom  to  a 
•u<-iiliir  life,  p^wurt  ciMd  Dot.  PUgrmu 
i  hold  titlea  and  fallow  trade*, 
r«  were  wholly  "religioua"  men. 

Pllgrltn  to  Oompoatalla.  Some 
pilerima  on  their  way  to  CompoBtelU 
■topped  at  ■  hoapice  id  U  Calilda.  The 
daughter  of  the  innkeeper  soliciled  a 
youna  Frenchman  to  e[end  the  night 
with^er,  but  he  retuaed  ^  ao  bhe  put ialia 
wallet  a  ailvn  cup,  and  when  be  wa«  on 
the  mad,  ihe  ac«n*d  him  to  (ba  aloaydl 


PSI. 


ang.  Hi*  parents  went  on  tliear 
wmy  to  Compooteila,  and  returned  after 
eight  dav*,  but  what  waa  tbeir  nreavr- 
ment  to  Hnd  their  eon  olive  on  the  gibhet 
and  nninjured.  They  went  iBttantly  la 
tell  the  alcsydS ;  bnt  tlw  magiaMe 
replied,  "Woman,  you  are  mad !  I 
woold  JDIt  ai  ioon  believe  these  pnllels, 
which  1  am  about  to  eat,  ue  alive,  aa  IhmL 
a  man  who  ha*  been  gibbeted  eight  day* 
11  not  dead."  No  aooneihad  be  apokcB  . 
than  the  two  pulleta  actually  roae  np  i 
alive.      Tbe  BtcaydS  wa*  frightened  oat 

doora,  when  tbe  beads  and  teathen  trf  the 
birda  came  Hcssipeiin^  in  to  complete  tbe 
reauacitatian.  lae  cock  and  hen  wen 
taken  in  gnnd  pToeeiaion  to  St.  James'* 
Oinreh  of  Compostella,  wbeic  tlMy  lived 
■even  yean,  and  the  ben  hatched  two 
eggi,  a  cock  and  a  hen,  which  lived  just 
aeven  yeaq  aod  did  the  lame.  This  hM 
continued  'to  thia  day,  and  pilgrim* 
receive  teathen  from  these  birda  as  holy 
relica  \  but  no  matter  how  many  feather* 
are  given  away,  tbe  plumage  of  Uia 
sacred  fowl*  i*  never  dencient. 


Tbia 


Fortugai,   S6-8. 


-_-_  by  Uibop  Patrick,  FanMe  of  tit 
PUgrmi,  xxxv.  430-4.  Udal  ap  Rhy* 
repeat*  it  io  hia  Timr  thnwih  Spain  aM 
"  ^  --■  -'  "  "  "  =---!rt*a  in  the 
ipeOalistai 


II.   : 

FUnim's  ProErBM  (m«),  by  John 
Bunyao.  Pt.  i.,  1^78;  pt.  li.,  16M. 
Thia  i«  anpposed  to  be  a  dream,  and  to 
allegoriae  the  life  of  a  Christian,  fmai 
his  converaion  to  hi*  death.  His  doubts 
an  giants,  bis  sing  a  pack,  his  Bible  » 
chart,  hia  minister  Evangaliat,  his  con- 
ton  a  Bight  from   the   City  of    D»- 


PILLAR  OP  THE  DOCTORS.       769 


PINDAR. 


■une  TOAd,  to  join  CSuistiaii,  who  had 
gone  before. 

Pillar  of  the  Doctors  (La  Colonne 
des  Doctewra)^  William  de  Cluunpeaux 
(♦-1121). 

Pillars  of  Hercules  {The),  Calpfi 
and  Ab^la,  two  mountains,  one  in  Europe 
and  the  other  in  Africa.  Calpd  is  now 
caUed  "The  Rock  of  Gibraltar,**  and 
AbyUi  18  caUed  "The  Apes*  Hill**  or 
M  momt  Hacho.** 

Pilot  {The\  an  important  character 
and  the  title  of  a  naatical  bnrletU  bv  E. 
f  itzball,  baaed  on  the  novel  io  called  by 
J.  Fenimore  Cooper  of  New  York.  **  The 
l^lot**  turns  out  to  be  the  brother  of 
eolonel  Howard  of  America.  He  hap- 
pened to  be  in  the  same  vessel  which 
was  taking  out  the  colonel's  wife  and  only 
■on.  The  vessel  was  wrecked,  but  "  the 
pilot**  (whose  name  was  John  Howard) 
saved  the  infant  boy,  and  sent  him  to 
^gland  to  be  brought  up,  under  the 
name  of  Barnstable.  When  young 
Barnstable  was  a  lieutenant  in  the 
British  navy,  colonel  Howard  seized 
him  as  a  spy,  and  commanded  him  to  be 
hung  to  the  yardarm  of  an  American 
fHgate,  caUed  the  Alacritu.  At  this 
crisis,  "the  |uIot*'  informed  the  colonel 
that  Barnstable  was  his  own  son,  and  the 
father  arrived  just  in  time  to  save  him 
from  death. 

PUXMky'y  the  Indian  i£sop.    His  com- 

?'Iation  was  in  Sanskrit,   and  entitled 
anitckafantra. 


It  «M  nioBWd  be  emM  agr . .  • 
AA  Um  "  Pkbka"  of  Pfl|wjr. 

InngMlow.  n«  Wm^Au  tmm  (pntaiaV 

Pilum'nus,  the  patron  god  of  bakers 
lilkrs,  because   he  was  the  first 
penoB  who  ever  ground  com. 

ckMHk  MS  kMMM  tlM  104  of  bakMi.— 0«lda.  ilHMlNrf. 
1.4k 

Pimi>erliiiipimp  {P<mder\  a  worth- 
less nostrum,  used  by  quacks  and  sor- 
eerers.  Swift  uses  the  word  in  his  Tale 
ofaTvb{n(A). 

mam   Sodv  (»«rfMS]   pkva    th«   Umrj 

vtth  the  wecU.  end.  Uke  the  powder  "  Ptai|Mr 

tana  op  irbet  tramp  the  knere  «C  data  ceUi 

r— if  MmU§ut  kttmmm  Dr.  MktH»tk  .  .  .  umd  Dr, 

PSN). 


Pinabello,  son  of  Anselmo  (king  of 
Jfaganxa).  Marphi'sa  overthrew  him, 
and  told  him  he  could  not  wipe  out  the 
di^giaee  till  he  had  unhorsed  a  thousand 
I  and  a  thousand  knights.   Pinabello 


was     slain     by     Brad'amant. — ^Ariosto, 
Orlando  Furioao  (1516). 

Pinac,  the  lively  spirited  fellow- 
traveller  of  Mirabel  "the  wild  goose.** 
He  is  in  love  with  the  nprightly  Lillia- 
Bianca,  a  daughter  of  Nantolet. — Beau- 
mont and  Fletcher,  The  WUd-gooee  Chaae 
(1662). 

Pinch,  a  schoolmaster  and  conjuror, 
who  tries  to  exorcise  Antiph'olus  (act  iv. 
sc.  4). — Shakespeare,  Comedy  of  Errors 
(1698). 

Pinch  (Tbm),  clerk  to  Mr.  Pecksniff 
"  architect  and  land  surveyor.**  Simple 
as  a  child,  green  as  a  salad,  and  honest  as 
truth  itself.  Very  fond  of  story-books, 
but  far  more  so  of  the  organ.  It  was  the 
seventh  heaven  to  him  to  pull  out  the 
stops  for  the  organist's  assistant  at  Salis- 
bury Ci^edral;  but  when  allowed,  after 
service^  to  finger  the  notes  himself,  he 
lived  in  a  dream-land  of  unmitigated 
happiness.  Being  dismissed  from  reck- 
smirs  ofilce,  Tom  was  appointed  Hbrarian 
to  the  Temple  librar>',  and  his  new 
catalogue  was  a  perfect  model  of  pen- 
manship. 

Rvitk  Pinch,  a  true-hearted,  pretty 
girl,  who  adores  ber  brother  Tom,  and  is 
uie  sunshine  of  his  existence.  She 
marries  John  Westlock.— C  Dickens, 
Martm  ChuzzleteU  (1844). 

Pinchbeck  (Lady),  with  whom  don 
Juan  placed  Leila  to  be  brought  up. 


Ohton  die  «M— bat  bed  been  rery  roang  I 
VlrtaoM  the  we    end  had  bren.  I  believe  .  . . 
•m  BMnhr  now  »es  aniebic  and  wittjr. 

Brron.  i>»«  •'•MMi.  iH.  4).  47  (UN). 

Pinchwife  (Mr,),  the  town  husband 
of  a  raw  country'  girl,  wholly  unpractised 
in  the  ways  of  the  world,  and  whom  he 
watches  with  ceaseless  anxiety. 

LMr  Droihede  .  .  .  watched  ber  tove  hoabead  m 
mMmmtr  m  Mr.  PtaehwUii  watched  hk  eooatiy  vflik— 


Mrs,  Pinchwife,  the  counterpart  of 
Holibre*s  "  Agnes,**  in  his  comedy  en- 
titled L'^bole  des  Femmea.  Mrs.  Pinch- 
wife is  a  young  woman  wholly  unsophisti- 
cated in  affairs  of  the  heart. — Wvcherly, 
The  CowUn/  Wife  (1675). 

♦**  Gamck  altered  Wycherly*s  comedy 
to  The  Comtry  Oirl, 

Pindar  (Peter),  the  pseudonym  of 
Dr.  John  Wolcot  (1738-1819). 

Pindar  (The  British),  Thomas  Gray 
(1716-1771).  On  his  monument  in  Wcat- 
minster  Abbey  is  inscribed  these  Cum  t 

8d 


nKDAS. 


779  PIFER. 


To  BnfeKln  M  Um  MlloM  linwi  pw: 

She  Mt  a  Homcr'a  lf«  hi  MIHaa'i  tMbaa, 

A  Ptndmt't  nptora  bi  ttelyT*  at  Grajr. 

Pmdar  (77te  fWnch),  (1)  Jeao  Doimt 
(\!>07'ihSS)  i  (2)  Ponce  Denis  Lebnm 
C1719-1807). 

Fmdar  (Tks  IkJkm}^  QabrieUo  CUft- 
bien  (1552-1637). 

Pfndarof  Xnf^and.  Cowlcr  was 
prcpostenmslj  ealJeil  bv  ike  duke  of 
Bncktngfaam,  ^  The  Pindar,  Horace,  and 
Virgil  of  EngUnd."  Posterity  has  not 
endorsed  this  absurd  eulogitun  (1618- 
1667). 

Pindar  of  Wakefield  {Tk$\ 
George-a-Green,  pinner  of  the  town  of 
Wakefield,  that  is,  keeper  of  the  pnUic 
pound  for  the  confinement  of  estrays. — 
The  History  of  Gcwtje-a-Greeny  Pmdar 
9f  ih«  Twm  of  Wake/eid  (time,  Elisa- 
bcth). 

Pindo'rofl  and  Aride'iia,  the  two 

heralds  of  the  Christian  army,  in  ttie 
fiege  of  Jerusalem. — Tasso,  Jertmdem 
tMwered  (1575). 

Pine-Bender  {The),  Sinis,  the 
Corinthian  robber,  who  used  to  fasten  his 
victims  to  two  pine  trees  beat  towards 
the  earth,  and  leave  them  to  be  torn  to 
pieces  by  the  rebound. 

Pinkorton  {Mite),  a  most  majestic 
lady,  tall  as  a  grenadier,  and  most  proper. 
Miss  Pinkerton  kept  an  academy  for 
young  ladies  on  (^iftwick  Hall.  She  was 
"the  Semiramis  of  Hammersmith,  the 
friend  of  Dr.  Johnson,  and  the  corves- 
pondent  of  Mrs.  CSiapone.**  This  very 
distinguished  lady  **  had  a  Boonui  nose, 
and  wore  a  solemn  turban.**  Amelia 
Sedley  was  educated  at  Chiswick  Mall 
academy,  and  Rebecca  Sharp  was  a  pupil 
teacher  there. — Thackeray,  Vanity  Fairy 
1.  (1848). 

Pinnit  {Orson),  keeper  of  the  bears. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  KenUvoorih  (time,  Eliza^ 
betii). 

Pinto  {Ferdinand  Mendex),  a  Porta- 
guese  traveller,  whose  ** voyages"  were 
at  one  time  wholly  discredited,  but  have 
since  been  verified  (1509-1583). 


POTdlnaiid  Mcndo  Pinto  «m  bHi  a  tyy*  •# 
UM-  of  Um  flnt  magnlUidc—W.  Ooap«v«,  Luf  fmr  Um 
dSMK 

PiouB  (TV),  Ernst  I.  fbonder  of 
the  house  of  Gotha  (1601-1674). 

Robert,  son  of  Hugnes  Capet  (971| 
996-1681). 

Eric  IX.  of  Sweden  (^  1156-1161). 


PiPy  the  hero  of  Dicken^s  novel  called 
Oreaf  Expectations,  His  family  nam« 
was  Pimp,  and  his  Christian  name 
Philip,  lie  was  enriched  by  a  convict 
namra  Abel  Magwitch ;  and  was  brought 
np  by  Joe  Gar^ry  a  smith,  whose  wife 
was  a  woman  of  thunder  and  lightatng, 
storm  and  tempest.  Magwitch,  having 
made  his  escape  to  Australia,  became 
a  sheep  fkrmer,  grew  verv  ridi,  and 
deposited  £500  a  year  with  Mr.  Jaggera, 
a  lawytf ,  for  the  education  of  Pip  and  t* 
make  a  gentieman  of  him.  Ultimately, 
Pip  married   fistella,  the  danghter   e€ 


Magwitch^  bvt  adopted  from  ii 
Miss  Havisham,  a  nch  banker's 
His  friend  Herbert  Packet  vacd  to 
him  "  UandeL**— C.  Dickens,  Orcat 
pectatims  (1860). 

Pipchin  {MrsX  an  exceediq^ 
'*  well-connected  lady,**  living  at  Bri^li* 
ton,  where  she  kept  an  establudimeot  for 
the  training  of  enfants.  Her  '*  reapect- 
abitity  **  chiefly  consisted  in  the  circnm« 
stance  of  her  husband  having  broken  hia 
heart  in  pumping  water  out  of  soma 
Peruvian  mines  (Uiat  is,  in  having  in* 
vested  in  these  mines  and  been  lei  in^ 
Mrs.  Pipchin  was  an  ill-favoured  oKl 
woman,  with  mottled  cheeks  and  grey 
eyes.  She  was  siven  to  buttered  toast 
and  sweetbreads,  but  kept  her  et^tmts  cm 
the  plainest  nossible  fare.— C  Dickensg 
Dombcy  and  Stm  (1846). 

Pipe  {The  Queen's),  the  dock  kiln  in 
the  centre  of  the  great  east  vault  of  the 
wine-cellars  of  the  London  docks.  Tbia 
kiln  is  the  place  where  useless  and 
damaged  goods  that  have  not  paid  duty 
arebmrnt. 

Pipe  and  Daaoeu    Am  ym  jm^  / 

mmst  donee,  I  must  aoconmofdEsta  mysalf 
to  your  wishes.  To  '*pine  aaoHiet 
dance**  is  to  change  one*s  eearingi  to 
put  out  of  favour.  J.  Skelton,  speaking 
of  the  clergy,  says  their  pride  no  man  could 
tolerate,  for  they  *^  would  fole  k^  and 
kayser,**  and  "  bryng  all  to  nought  (**  bat, 
if  kings  and  nobles,  instead  of  wastmg 
their  time  on  hunting  and  hawking, 
would  attend  to  poltttes,  he  saya : 


Piper  {Tom),  one  of  the  charaetefs  in 
a  morria-danoe. 

lolMMlWM 

ToB  P4>«r  atend  opoB  o«r  yflkiB  I 
BKlMd  wHh  Um  MuMMlt. 
WUlla«r 


Piper  {Paddy  Me),  an  Irish  piper,  nip- 


PIP£R  or  HllTCLIN. 


771  PISISTRAT08  AND  HIS  TWO  SONS. 


fomd  to  luure  b«ai  mitm  by  a  cow. 
Goiag  alofiff  out  night  during  tbe 
*'  troablM,"  Be  knocked  his  bead  against 
the  body  of  a  dead  man  dangling  from 
a  tiea.  The  si^t  of  the  *<  iligant^  boots 
was  too  great  a  teaiptation  ;  and  as  they 
refused  to  ontne  oM  without  the  legs, 
PiMldy  took  HLmk  too,  aad  soi^t  shelter 
for  the  nid^  in  a  cowshed.  The  mooa 
rose,  a&d  Paddy,  nistaking  the  mooA- 
light  for  the  dawn,  started  fto  the  fiUr, 
haying  drawa  on  the  boots  and  left  the 
'« tegs  **  beMnd.  At  daybreak,  some  of 
tbe  piper's  friends  went  in  seanA  of  him, 
mad  f eond,  to  tbett  horror,  that  the  eow, 
as  they  sopposed,  had  defroured  him 
with  the  axeeption  of  his  kegs— dothes, 
Wa,  and  alL  They  were  honor-fltrack, 
and  of  oowrse  the  oow  waa«oademned  to 
be  sold;  b«t  while  dririog  her  to  the 
fsir,  tlM^  were  attracted  by  tiM  strains 
of  *  piper  coming  towards  them.  The 
cow  startled,  made  a  bolt,  with  a  view, 
as  it  was  supposed,  of  maRiog  a  meal  on 
another  piper.  ^*Help.  help  I**  they 
shouted;  when  Paddy  himself  ran  to 
their  aid.  The  myiteiy  was  soon  ex- 
plained over  a  drop  of  the  <'  cratur,"  and 
the  cow  was  taken  home  again.— S. 
Lover,  Legends  and  Stones  of  Ireland 

Fi|>ear  of  KaPfioHn  (The  Pied^ 
Buntuk^  who  first  charmed  the  rats  of 
Hamelm  into  the  Weser,  and  then  allured 
the  children  rto  the  number,  of  180)  to 
Koppenbeig  Hill,  which  opened  upon 
them.    (See  Pixo  Pipbk  of  Hamklim.) 

P^MnlUUk»the  factotwn  of  Chalomcl 
dienust  and  druggist.  He  was  '*so 
handy  **  that  he  was  never  at  his  post ; 
and  beinsr  "  so  handy,*"  he  took  ten  times 
ffceti— Wsetf  doing  anything  that  anolher 
wwdd  need  to  bestow.  For  the  self- 
aame  ieaton,  be  stumbled  and  blundeied 
about,  mnddled  and  maned  everyttiing  he 
toaehed,  and  being  a  Jaek-oi-aU-tradee 
was  master  of  none. 


lamnlmif.    I 

diwiilBUieo|woiUwt,wbctelBiUttbeaiilk.   ItrM 
bale  It  «p— BO  go.    Tbcn  I  fan  back  or  ran  homo,  I 
M^aad  Mkiha  ■oMrsoaavlMm  Mit  tkoB, 
IhavebeeniDartlmeitoaadfto,  bocaoMlamw 


{Tom},  a  retired  boatswain's 
mate,  laving  with  commodore  Trunnion 
to  keep  the  servants  in  order.  Tom  Pipes 
is  noAed  for  his  taciturnity.— Tobias 
Smollett,  TAs  Adttentwres  of  Peregrine 
PiekU  (1761). 
(The  incident  of  Tom  Pipes  concealing 


in  his  shoe  his  master's  letter  to  Emilia, 
was  suggested  by  Ovid. 

Cam  povU  ntat  doutai  cdare  Hgata*, 
It  TtnetD  blaadaa  nb  pods  tere  notiik 

Art  (^f  Lore.) 

Pirate  {The),  a  novel  by  sir  W.  Scott 
(1821).  In  this  novel  we  are  introduced 
to  the  wild  sea  seenety  of  the  Shetlands ; 
the  priaMtive  manners  of  the  old  udaller 
MagmiB  Trotl,  and  his  fair  daughters 
Minna  and  Brenda:  lovely  pictures, 
drawn  with  niee  discriminstion,  and  most 
iateoestiag. 

*«*  A  adaller  is  one  who  holds  his 
lands  on  allodial  tenure. 

Fimer  {John),  a  fisherman  at  Old  St. 
Ronan's.— Sir  W.  Scott,  St.  Sonan's  Well 
(time,  George  III.). 

Pisa.  The  baaner  of  Pisa  is  a  cross 
on  a  crinuon  field,  said  to  have  been 
brengiit  from  heaven  by  Michael  the 
archangel,  and  delivered  by  him  to  St^ 
Efeso,  the  patron  saint  of  that  city. 

FiBaniOy  servant  of  Posthu'mus. 
Being  sent  to  murder  Imogen  the  wife  of 
Posthumus,  he  persuades  her  to  escape  to 
Milford  Haven  in  boy's  clothes,  and  sends 
a  bloody  napkin  to  Posthumus,  to  make 
him  believe  that  Hhe  has  been  murdered. 
Ultimately,  Imogen  becomes  reconciled 
to  her  husband.  (See  Posthumus.) — 
Shakespeare,  Cifmbelme  (1605). 

Pisistratoe  of  Athens,  being  asked 
by  his  wife  to  punish  with  death  a  young 
man  who  had  dared  to  kiss  their  daughter, 
replied,  '*  How  shall  we  requite  those  who 
wish  us  evil,  if  we  condemn  to  death  those 
who  love  us  ?  "  This  anecdote  is  referred 
to  by  Dantd,  in  his  Pwgatorgj  xv. — 
Valerius  Bfaximns,  Memorable  Acts  and 
Sayings,  v. 

PiBis'tratos  and  HU  Two  Bona. 
The  history  of  Pisistratos  and  his  two 
sons  is  repeated  in  that  of  Cosmo  de 
Medici  of  Florence  and  his  two  gntnd- 
sons.  It  would  be  dtfiicult  to  find  a  more 
striking  parallel,  whether  we  regard  the 
characters  or  the  incidents  of  the  two 
families. 

Pisistratoe  was  a  great  favourite  of  the 
Aliienian  populace;  so  was  Oosmo  de 
Medici  with  the  populace  of  Florence. 
Pisistratos  was  banished,  but,  being  re- 
called by  the  people,  was  raised  to  sove- 
reign power  in  the  republic  of  Athens ; 
so  Cosmo  was  banished,  but,  being  recalled 
by  the  people,  was  raised  to  supreme 
power  in  the  republic  of  Florence.  Pisis- 
tratos was  just  and  merciful,  a   greal 


PISTOL. 


772 


PIZARItO. 


patron  of  liUntare,  and  epent  large  sums 
of  money  in  beautifying  Atliens  with 
architecture ;  the  same  may  be  said  of 
Cosmo  de  Medici.  To  Pisistratos  we  owe 
the  poems  of  Homer  in  a  connected  form ; 
and  to  Cosmo  we  owe  the  best  literature 
of  Europe,  for  he  spent  fortunes  in  the 
copying  of  valuable  MSS.  The  two 
sons  of  Pisistratos  were  Uippavdios  and 
Hippias ;  and  the  two  grandsons  of 
Cosmo  were  Guiliano  and  Lorenso.  Two 
of  the  most  honoured  citisens  of  Athena 
(Harraodios  and  Aristoglton)  oonspiicd 
against  the  sons  of  Pisistratos — Hipparchos 
was  assassinated,  but  Hippias  escaped ;  so 
Francesco  Pazzi  and  the  archbishop  of  Pisa 
conspired  against  the  grandsons  of  Cosmo 
—Guiliano  was  assassinated,  but  Lorenzo 
escaped.  In  both  cases  it  was  the  elder 
brotuer  who  fell,  and  the  younger  which 
escaped.  Hippias  quelled  tiie  tumult,  and 
succeeded  in  placing  himself  at  the  head 
fit  Athens ;  so  did  I^renxo  in  Florence* 

Fistoly  in  The  Merry  Wives  of  Wtndeor 
and  the  two  parts  of  Henry  /Fl,  is  the 
ancibnt  or  ensign  of  captain  sir  John 
Falstaflf.  Peto  is  his  lieutenant,  and  Bar- 
dolph  his  corporal.  Peto  being^removed 
(probably  killed),  we  find  in  Henry  F.. 
Pistol  is  lieutenant,  Bardolph  ancient,  ana 
Nym  corporal.  Pistol  is  also  introduced 
as  married  to  Mistress  Nell  Quickly, 
hostess  of  the  tavern  in  Eastcbeap.  Both 
Pistol  and  his  wife  die  before  the  play  is 
over:  so  does  sir  John  Falstaff;  Bardolph 
and  Nym  are  botii  hanged.  Pistol  is  a 
model  bull^,  wholly  unprincipled,  and 
utterly  despicable;  but  he  treated  his  wife 
kindly,  and  she  was  certainly  fond  <tf 
him  .---Shakespeare. 


Hto  f^Mof «i  oowaft  b  koMtbif.  kb  laanilTif  knoHMM, 
Us  •biUtjr  wcaknwik  and  his  and  banptfjr.— Dr.  Lodge. 

(His  end  was  not  "  beggary ;  **  as  host 
of  the  tavern  in  Eastcbeap,  he  seems 
much  more  respectable,  and  better  off 
than  before.  Theopfailns  Cibber  (1708- 
1758)  was  the  best  actor  of  this  part.) 

PistoiB,  the  sea-monster  sent  to  devour 
Androm'eda.  It  had  a  dragon's  head  and 
a  fish's  tail. — Aratus,  Commentaries, 

Pithyrian  lPUhirry,anT,  a  pagan  of 
Antioch.  He  had  one  daughter,  named 
Mara'na,  who  was  a  Christian.  A  young 
dragon  of  most  formidable  character  in- 
fested the  city  of  Antioch,  and  demanded 
a  virgin  to  be  sent  out  daily  for  its  meal. 
The  Antioch'eans  cast  loto  for  the  first 
victim,  and  the  lot  fell  on  Marana,  who 
was  led  forth  in  grand  procession  as  the 
victim  of  the  dragon.    Pithyrian,  in  dis- 


traction, rushed  into  a  Chfiatian  dmrdiy 
and  fell  before  an  image  whidi  attracted 
his  attention,  at  the  iMse  of  which  was 
the  real  arm  of  a  saint.  The  sacristan 
handed  the  holy  relic  to  Pithjrrian,  who 
kissed  it,  and  then  restored  it  to  the 
sacristan ;  but  the  servitor  did  not  obaerve 
that  a  thumb  was  missing.  Off  na 
Pithyrian  with  the  thumb,  rad  jmned  his 
daughter.  CHi  came  the  dragon,  with  tail 
erect,  wings  extended,  and  DKmth  wide 
open,  when  Pithyrian  threw  into  the 
gaping  jaws  the  '*  sacred  thumb."  Down 
nil  the  tail,  the  wings  drooped,  the  jaws 
were  locked,  and  up  rose  the  dragon  into 
the  air  to  the  hei^t  of  three  miles,  when 
it  blew  up  into  a  myriad  pieces.  So  ti^ 
lady  was  rescued,  Antioch  delivered ;  and 
the  relic,  minus  a  thumb,  testifies  the  fact 
of  this  wonderful  miracle. — Sonthey, 
27ie  Tbvng  Dragon  (Spanish  legend). 

Fitt  Bridge.  Blackfriars  Bridge, 
London,  was  so  called  by  Robert  Hyfaie, 
its  architect;  but  the  public  would  not 
accept  the  name. 

Pitt  Diamond  (^The),  the  sixth 
larp^  cut  diamond  in  the  world.  It 
weighed  410  carats  uncut,  and  136}  cairnts 
cut.  It  once  belonged  to  Mr.  Pitt,  grand- 
father of  the  famous  earl  of  Challian. 
The  duke  of  Orleans,  rmnt  of  France, 
bought  it  for  £186,000,  whence  it  is  often 
called  **The  Regent.**  The  French  re- 
public sold  it  to  Treskon,  a  merchant  of 
Berlin.  Napoleon  I .  bought  it  to  omamedt 
his  sword.  It  now  belongs  to  the  king  of 
Prussia.    (See  Diamonds.) 

Pixie-Stools,  toad-stoob  for  the 
fairies  to  sit  on,  when  they  are  tired  of 
dandng  in  the  fairy-ring. 

Piaarro,  a  Spanish  adventuer,  who 
made  war  on  Atalitia  inca  of  Psni. 
Elvi'ra,  mistress  of  Pixano,  vainly  en- 
deavoured to  soften  his  cruel  heart.  Be- 
fore the  battle,  Alonzo  the  husband  of 
Cora  confided  his  wife  and  child  to 
RolU,  the  beloved  friend  of  the  inca. 
The  Peruvians  were  on  the  point  of 
being  routed,  when  Rolla  came  to  the 
rescue,  and  redeemed  the  day ;  but  Alonxo 
was  made  a  prisoner  of  war.  RoUa, 
thinking  Alonzo  to  be  dead,  proposed  to 
Cora;  out  she  declined  his  suit,  and 
having  beard  that  her  husband  had  fallen 
into  the  hands  of  the  Spaniards,  she  im- 

glored  Rolla  to  set  him  free.  Accordingly, 
e  entered  the  prison  where  Alonso  was 
confined,  and  changed  clothes  with  faim, 
but  Elvira  liberated  hira  on  condition  that 


PTZARRO. 


778 


PLAIN  DEALER. 


'Would  kill  VizMxro.  Rolla  found  his 
17  ileepinff  in  his  tent,  spared  his 
life,  and  made  him  his  friend.  The 
infant  child  of  Cora  being  lost,  Rolla 
lecorered  it^  and  was  so  severely  wounded 
in  this  heroic  act  that  he  died.  Pizarro 
was  slain  in  combat  by  Alonzo ;  Elvira 
retired  to  a  convent ;  and  the  plapr  ends 
with  a  grand  funeral  march,  in  which  the 
dead  b^y  of  Rolla  is  borne  to  the  tomb. 
-Sheridan,  Pizarro  (1814). 


of  kfaky  mil  nil  hr 
that  vtiMi  the  duke  cf  On— mb>ny  MJwd 
•  •*aek-)obMr  r^M.  "  B*- 


(Sheridan^s  drama  of  Pizarro  is  taken 
from  that  of  Kotzebue,  but  there  are 
several  alt4»rations:  Thus,  Sheridan  makes 
Pizarro  killed  by  Alonxo,  which  is  a 
departure  both  from  Kotzebue  and  also 
from  historic  truth.  Pizarro  lived  to 
conquer  P»u,  and  was  assassinated  in  his 
palace  at  Lima  by  the  son  of  his  friend 
Almagro.) 

Pizarro,  « the  ready  tool  of  Ml  YehM- 
quez*  crimes.*' — R.  Jephson,  Braganza 
(1775). 

Pirarro,  the  governor  of  the  State  prison 
in  which  Fernando  Florestan  was  confined. 
Femando's  young  wife,  in  boy's  atrire, 
•od  under  the  name  of  Pidelio,  became 
the  servant  of  Pizarro,  who,  resolving  to 
murder  Fernando,  sent  Fidelio  and  Rocco 
(the  jsiler)  to  dig  his  grave.  Pizarro 
was  just  about  to  deal  the  fatal  blow, 
when  the  minister  of  state  arrived,  and 
eommaaded  the  prisoner  to  be  s^  free, 
—Beethoven,  PUeUo  (1791). 

Flaoe7x»,  one  of  the  brothers  of 
January  the  old  baron  of  Lombardy. 
When  January  held  a  family  conclave  to 
know  whether  he  should  marry,  Placebo 
told  him  "to  please  himself,  and  do  as 
lie  liked.**— Chaucer,  Canierlmry  Taics 
("  The  Merchant's  Tale,"  1388). 

Placid  {Mr,)f  a  hen-pecked  husband, 
who  is  roused  at  last  to  be  somewhat 
■tore  manly,  but  could  never  be  better 
than  "a  boiled  rabbit  without  oyster 
sanoe.**    (See  Pliaht,  p.  776.) 

Jirt.  Piadd,  the  lady  paramount  of  the 
house,  who  looked  quite  sghast  if  her 
husband  expressed  a  wish  of  his  own,  or 
attempted  to  do  an  independent  act. — 
Inchbald,  Every  Oneka$Ni$  Fault  (1794). 

Flaoldas,  the  exact  fsc-simile  of  his 
friend  Amias.  Having  heard  of  his 
friend's  captivity,  he  went  to  release 
kiM,  and  bong  deteeted  in  the  garden, 


was  mistaken  by  Corflambo^  dwarf  for 
Amias.  The  dwarf  went  and  told  Piea'na 
(the  daushter  of  Corflambo,  **  fair  as  ever 
yet  saw  living  eye,  but  too  loose  of  lif^ 
and  eke  of  love  too  light").  Placidas 
was  seized  and  brought  before  the  lady, 
who  loved  Amias,  but  her  love  was  not 
reqaited.  When  Placidas  stood  before 
her,  she  thought  he  was  Amias,  and 
great  was  her  delight  to  find  her  love 
returned.  She  married  Placidas,  re- 
formed her  ways,  "and  all  men  much 
admired  the  changCj^  and  spake  her 
praise." — Spenser,  Faery  Qumu,  iv.  8,  9 
(1696). 

Plagiary  (Sir  Fretftd),  a  pUy- 
wright,  whose  dramas  are  mere  pli^iar- 
isBis  from  "the  refuse  of  objure 
volumes."  He  pretends  to  be  rather 
pleased  with  criticism,  but  is  sorely  irri- 
tated thereby.  Richard  Cumberland 
(1732-1811),  noted  for  his  vanity  and 
irritability,  was  the  model  of  this  cha- 
racter.—Sheridan,  The  CrUio,  I.  1  (1779). 

Harrldc  who  kad  no  ocowlon  to  ttaal.  haa  tekan  tlik 
Umam  tnm  SuckUnf.  and  tpolM.  U  la  tka  Uieft.  lika  * 
riatftil  Phftarr.  Hankk  had  aot  aklU  to  staal  with  tarta. 
— B.  Chaabm.  SmfUak  Uttrmtmn.  L  1*4. 

WQllaa  P»non«(17M-17Ml  was  tha  orlslBal  "ArFkat. 
M  Ph«Wy.-aad  fhn  hlsMfaMUoa  QKMt  or  aw  moSoti 
arton  haaa  bonowad  thdr  Uaa.— /V«  af  ithmldam. 

Plague  of  Iiondon  (1665).  68,586 
persons  died  thereof. 

Plaids  et  Oieux  boos  l*OrmeL 
a  society  formed  by  the  troubadours  of 
Picardy  in  the  hitter  half  of  the  twelfth 
century.  It  consisted  of  knights  and 
ladies  of  the  highest  rank,  exeroised  and 
approved  in  courtesy,  who  assumed  an 
absolute  judicial  power  in  matters  of  Ui« 
most  delicate  nature ;  trying,  with  the 
most  consummate  ceremony,  all  causes 
in  love  brought  before  their  tribunals. 

This  was  similar  to  the  "Court  of 
Love,"  established  about  the  same  time 
by  the  troubadours  of  Provtnoe. — Uni' 
versai  Magazim  (March,  1792). 

Plain  {The),  the  level  floor  of  the 
National  Convention  <tf  France,  occupied 
by  the  Girondists  or  moderate  repub- 
licans. The  red  republicans  occupied 
the  higher  seats,  called  "  the  mountain." 
By  a  figure  of  speech,  the  Girondist 
party  was  called  "the  plain,"  and  the 
red  republican  party  "  the  mountain." 

Plain  and  Parspiouous  Doctor 

{The),  Walter  Burleigh  (1275-1357). 

Plain  Dealer  {The),  a  comedy  by 
William  Wychcrly  (1677). 

ofOirQighida.  ..  iaqnind  te  HimPhUn 


PLAHKT  0¥  LOVE. 


,    PLEASURES  or  UUGIRATIOK. 
^         PlAto's  T«ar.  35,000  Jilun  ;«ifc 


(WTcherly  manied  At  «.»nt«8  ia 
1680.  She  died  »ooii  iiftfnnrd*,  Itaviiijf 
him  tli>  wbols  of  bei  fortunt.) 

PlMist  of  Iiove,  Venn*.  So  c»ll«d 
by  Tcnnywin,  Maad,  I.  xxii.  2  (1856). 

FlAntwenet  (l^i/  Edah),  >  kim- 

wam>D  DfRicluird  I.  She  tnsrriei  Oit 
prinM  loyil  of  ScotUnd  (called  ait 
Kenneth  Vniglit  of  Ibe  Leopxrd,  or 
David  «il  of  Huntingdon  J  .—Sir  W, 
Scott,  JS*  roiiwum  (time,  Richarf  I,). 

FlautAin  or  Plasta'co,  Uia  f»vonr- 
itt  food  of  uwa.  It  it  very  aitrineent, 
and  excellent  for  cuU  and  open  nores. 
rianUin  leaves  bruised,  aod  rubbed  on 
the  pwt  affecKd,  will  instantly-  relieve 
the  pwa  tod  nduee  the  swellinf  9ca^ 
liuned  by  the  bile  or  Btlng  at  inaecta. 
The  Hi^landert  ucribe  ifreat  viituet 
tn  the  pUatUD  in  healing  all  soM  of 
vounds, and  call  it  >(a»-fui  ("the heating 
flaot " ) .— UKhttoob 


Flata  ITIu  Omaa*),  VtMiidk  Heio- 
lieb  JanU  (174«-1BI9). 

Plata  CTTit  JtaoA),  ^lUo  Jadmu  (fi. 
Jfr-lOJ, 

Plato  ( Tfu  FtrCtm),  John  How*  (leSO- 
I70fi), 

FlAto  and  the  Bmo.    It  it  wid 

that  whan  PUta  wai  an  inbuit,  bcM 
tcttied  on  hij  lipe  while  he  was  ftaleep, 
iuJiealinfi  that  ha  would  baeome  fautoiu 
lor  hi*  "  h^wyed  wonla."  The  *ama 
Mary  ia  told  of  Sopboolfla  alao. 


Plttto  and  Homer. 
admired  IlomeT,  but  exclni! 
hb  ideal  republic. 


Floto  and  Poata. 


Flatonic  Bodiea,  Ibe  Bve 


geomi 


I   lolidi 


Jl  of  widcb  ai 


:ribed 


by  PUto. 


•unded  by  like,  equa 
ana  reffuiar  pjanis.  The  four-aided,  tho 
ux-aideil,  the  eight-«ded,  the  ten-aided, 
aod  Uic  twenty-aided  i  or  the  a^uai^ 
hexagon,  octagon,  decagoo,  tad  Moan- 

FUltOnlo  Itf  va,  Iha  innooant  frintd- 
■faip  of  oppoeit*  •«(••,  wholly  dnartad 

of  all  animal  or  amoioua  paauon. 


Flatonio    Puritan    (TV),  Jobs 

Howe,  the  pnritui  divine  (1680-1700). 

PUuBible  {CouBMor)  Md  aeijeaBt 
Eitbenkidt,  two  plawkn  in  lit  Mm  if 
tU  Wofid,  by  C.  Uacklln  (17U). 

Pleasant  (Vr>.),  in  I'Ju  AwM^a 
WnUliig,  by  Ton  KiUigiaw  (1644). 

Fleaanm  (A  JTmc). 


Fleasurea  of  Hope,  a  poem  in  tww 

parla,  by  Thonia«  Cauipbcll  (1709).  It 
apena  with  a  comparisnu  betwoen  th* 
beauty  of  scenery  and  Lbe  idcAl  enchaot- 
nienta  of  Uncy  m  which  hope  ia  navM 

watch,   lh«  loldier    on  hu  anrcb,  aaijl 

Uyron  in  hi«  perilous  adventuna.  Tb4 
hope  of  a  mother,  the  hope  of  a  priaonei, 
the  hope  of  the  unnden:!,  the  grand  hope 
of  the  patriot,  the  hope  of  r^enerating 
uncivil  iced  nation  a,  extending  lilterty, 
and  imeliorUJDg  the  condition  of  tb« 
Pt.   ii.   apeaka    of   the   hope   at 

of  Conii3 
id  Ellenore.  Conrad  waa  a  felon,  trans. 
parted  to  New  SooUi  Walea,  hut,  thou^ 

dauehter,"  Soon,  be  uyi,  be  shall  ratuia 
Ui  the  dust  from  which  ha  was  takea ; 


Cve,    aod   the 

eoacludlog  with  t 


PLEASUKSS  OF  IIEMORT.        776 


PUETDSLU 


All  Ihe  |il«MBre»  «C  inuigiiuUoii  arise 
from  tiie  perception  cf  greatness,  wonder- 
fulness,  or  beauty.  The  beauty  of  great- 
ness— witness  Uie  pleasure  of  mountain 
■cenery,  of  astronomy,  of  infinity.    The 

Sleasnie  of  what  is  wonderful — ^witness 
rie  delight  of  novelty,  of  the  reveUtions 
of  science,  of  tales  of  fancy.  The  plea- 
sure of  beauty,  which  is  always  connected 
with  truth — ^the  beauty  of  colour,  shape, 
and  so  on,  in  natural  objects ;  the  beauty 
ef  mind  and  the  moral  faculties.  Bk. 
ii.  contemplates  accidental  pleasures  aris- 
ing from  contrirance  and  design,  emotion 
MM  passion,  such  as  sorrow,  pitv,  terror, 
and  indignation.  Bk.  iii.  Morbid  ima- 
gination ue  parent  of  vice ;  the  benefits 
«f  a  well-trained  imagination. 

(The  first  book  is  by  far  the  best.  Aken- 
side  recast  his  poem  in  maturer  life,  but 
no  one  thinks  he  improved  it  by  so  doing. 
Tke  fest  or  original  cast  Is  tlie  only  one 
Bsad,  and  parts  of  tfaa  ini  book  are  well 
kaowB.) 

neasures  of  Memory,  a  poem  in 
two  parts,  by  Samuel  Rogers  (1793).  The 
first  part  is  restricted  to  the  pleasure  of 
memory  afforded  by  the  five  senses,  as 
that  arising  from  visiting  celebrated 
r^ues,  and  that  afforded  oy  pictures. 
Pt.  ii.  ^oes  into  the  pleasures  of  the 
mind,  as  imagination,  and  memor}'^  of  past 
griefs  and  dMigers.  The  poem  concludes 
with  the  supposition  that  in  the  life  to 
come  this  nculty  will  be  greatiy  en- 
laiged.  The  episode  is  this:  Florio,  a 
^oung  sportsman,  accidentally  met  Julia 
in  a  grot,  and  followed  her  home,  when 
her  &ther,  a  rich  soaire,  welcomed  him 
as  his  guest,  and  talked  with  delist  of 
his  youn^  days  when  hawk  and  hound 
were  his  joy  of^  joys.  Florio  took  Julia 
for  a  sail  on  the  lake,  but  the  vessel  was 
capsized,  and  though  Julia  was  saved 
from  the  water,  she  died  on  being  broui^t 
to  shore.  It  was  Florio*s  delight  to  haunt 
tiie  places  which  Julia  frequented : 

I 

PLU. 

Pleiads  {TKe),  a  duster  of  seven 
flfairs  in  the  constellation  Taunu^  and 
applied  to  a  cluster  of  seven  celebrated 
contemporaries.  The  stars  were  the 
seven  diaughters  of  Atlas :  Maia,  Electra, 
Tayg«td  (4  sy/.),  AsterOp^  MerdpS, 
Ale\'On^  and  Celino. 

The  Pleiad  of  Alexandria  consisted  of 
Callimachos,  Apollonios  Rhodios,  Ar&- 
toe,  Homer  the  Younger,  Lyeophron, 
llicandert  and  Theocritoa.    All  of  Ales- 


aadria,  in  the  time  of  Ptolany  Fhila^ 
delphos. 

the  Pleiad  of  Charlemagne  consisted  of 
Alcuin,  called  **AlbInus;"  Angilbert, 
called  "Homer:-  Adelard,  called 
"  Augustine  ; "  Riculfe,  called  "  Da^ 
maetas  ;  **  Vamef  rid :  E^nhard  ;  and 
Charlemagne  himself,  who  was  called 
"  David." 

The  Firtt  /VvacA  PA^d  (sixteenth  cen- 
tury) :  Ronsard,  Joachim  du  Bellay, 
Antoine  de  BaTf,  Remi-Belleau,  Jodelle, 
Pottthus  de  Thiard,  and  the  seventh  is 
either  Dorat  or  Amadis  de  Jamyn.  AJl 
under  Henri  III. 

The  Sooond  French  Plehd  (seventeenth 
oentuir) :  Rapin,  Oommire,  Larue,  8aa* 
teuil.  Manage,  Dup^rier,  and  Petit. 

We  have  eUm  our  En>jti$h  dusters. 
There  were  those  bom  m  the  second  half 
of  the  sixteenth  centmrjf :  Spenser  (li)68), 
Dmyton  (1563),  Shakespeare  and  Mariowe 
(ih^),  Ben  Jonson  (1574),  Fletcher 
(1576),  Massinger  (1585),  Beaumont 
(Fletcher*s  colleague)  and  Ford  (1586). 
Besides  these,  there  were  Tusser  (1515L 
Raleigh  (15.52),  sir  Philip  Sidney  (1554), 
Phineas  Fletcher  (1584),  Herbert  (1593), 
and  several  others. 

Another  cluster  came  a  century  later: 
Prior  (1C64),  Swift  (1667),  Addison  and 
Congreve  (1672),  Rowe  (1673),  Farqa- 
har  (1678),  Young  (1684),  Gay  and  Pope 
(1688),  Hacklin  (1690). 

These  were  bom  in  the  latter  half  of  the 
eighteenth  century:  Sheridan  (t751),' 
Ciabbe  (1764),  Bums  (1759),  Rogers 
(1763),  Wordsworth  (1770),  Scott  (1771), 
Coleridge  (1772),  Southey  (AuA),  Camp- 
bell  (1777),  Moore  (1770),  Byron  (1788), 
Shelleyand  Keble  (i792),and  Keats(1796). 

Butler  (1600),  Milton  (1608),  and 
Dirdea  (1630)  came  between  tne  first 
and  second  clusters.  Thomson  (1700), 
Gray  (1717),  Collins  (1720),  Akenside 
(1721),  Goldsmith  (1728),  and  Cowper 
(1731),  between  the  second  and  the  third. 

Pleoneo^es  (4  tcr/.),  Covetousnest 

Krsonifled  in  The  Purple  Island,  by 
tineas  Fletcher  (1633).  "  His  gold  his 
god**  ...  he  "much  fears  to  keep, 
much  more  to  lose  his  lusting."  Fully 
described  in  canto  viil.  (Greek,  pleo^ 
nehteSf  "covetous.**) 

Pleydell  (Mr,  Paulm),  an  advocate 
in  ICdinburgh,  shrewd  and  witty.  He 
was  at  one  time  the  sheriff  at  Elian- 
gowan. 

Mr.  couraanor  Pleritoll  VM  a  llrdy.  durp<looklnf 
SWrtlwiMiw.  wUk  a  proTtfalotMl  Anwdutm  In  hk  m^ 
md,  SMMralljr  ^nakli^  »  >fufcMl»iMl  tanaaUtj  Si  Ui 


PLIABLE. 


776 


PLOUIUHiu 


•;  talthiib«eoakld!poiroiiaBitaf^«vmhiCi 
.  .  ha  JobMd  In  Um  •ndmt  iMtiiua  at  iUgk 
JInlu.— Sir  W.  Seott.  0«#  iTantwriiv.  zxidx.  (Uum, 
Georcell.). 

Pliable,  a  neighbour  of  Christian, 
whom  he  accompanied  as  far  as  the 
**  Slough  of  Des|x>nd/'  when  he  turned 
hack.  —  Bunyan,  FUgrim's  Progress^  i. 
(1678). 

Pliant  {Sir  Pout),  a  hen-pecked 
husband,  who  dares  not  even  touch  a 
letter  addressed  to  himself  till  my  lad^ 
has  read  it  first.  His  perpetual  oath  is 
"  Gadsbud !  "  He  is  such  a  dolt  that  he 
would  not  believe  his  own  eyes  and  ears, 
if  they  bore  testimony  a^nst  his  wife's 
fidelity  and  continency.  (8ee  Placid, 
p.  773.) 

SmnmI  FMto  [170-17771  tt«»»<*<  Um  |«rt  cT  *'alr 
Paul  PUmiU"  but  iiolhU^  ooukl  be  •urw.  Hu««v«r.  Uw 
|«ople  biut^ied  heMtlly.  luid  thnt  Im  thought  wm  a  AiH 
a|i|)ivbatlHi  of  his  sroCOKia*  twriun—iiBBb— T.  D«Tle«i 


Lady  Plianty  second  wife  of  sir  Paul. 
*'  She*s  handsome,  and  knows  it ;  b  very 
silly,  and  thinks  herself  wise ;  has  a 
choleric  old  husband  **  very  fond  of  her, 
but  whom  she  rules  vrith  spirit,  and  snubs 
'•afore  folk."  My  lady  says,  "If  one 
has  once  sworn,  it  is  most  unchristian, 
inhuman,  and  obscene  that  one  shoula 
break  it.**  Her  conduct  with  Mr.  Care- 
less is  most  reprehensible. — Congreve, 
Tfte  Double  Dealer  (1694). 

ThoK  wIm  remember  the  "l«d7  PllMt*'  ol  Maivkret 
Wofllngton  (1719-1700^  wUI  roooOeet  with  plouure  her 
jrhintiioel  dbcorety  of  paadoo,  mmI  bar  •vkwafdl/  ■•- 
pmdai^.— L  DarlM. 


Pliny  {The  German)  or  "Modem 
Plinjp,"  Konrad  von  Gesner  of  Zurich, 
who  wrote  Bistoria  AnmalhuHy  etc  (1516- 
1565) 

Pliny  of  the  East,  Zakarila  ibn 
Muhammed,  sumamed  "  Kazwin!,  *  from 
Kazwin,  the  place  of  his  birth.  He  is  so 
caUed  by  De  Sacy  (1200-1283). 

Plon-Plon,  prince  Napoleon  Joseph 
Charles  Bonaparte,  son  of  Jerome  Bona- 
parte by  his  second  wife  (the  princess 
Frederica  Catherine  of  W&rtemberg). 
Plon-plon  is  a  euphonic  corruption  of 
Cramt'Plomb  ("fear-bullet*'),  a  nickname 
pven  to  the  prince  in  the  (Crimean  war 
(1854-6). 

Plomish,  plasterer,  Bleeding-heart 
Yard.  He  was  a  smooth-cheeked,  fresh- 
coloured,  sandy-whinkered  man  of  80. 
Lon^  in  the  legs,  yielding  at  the  knees, 
foolish  in  the  face,  flannel-jacketed  and 
lime-whitened.  He  generally  chimed  in 
conversation  by  echoing  the  word«  of  the 
panon  speaking.    Thua,  if  Mn.  Piomiih 


said  to  a  visitor,  "Mim  Dorrit  dnnB*t 
let  him  know:  *  he  would  chime  in, 
"Dursn't  let  him  know.**  "Me  and 
Plomish  says,  *  Ho  !  Miss  Dorrit : '  ** 
Plomish  repeated  after  his  wife,  "  Ho ! 
Miss  Dorrit."  "Can  you  employ  Miss 
Dorrit?**  Plomish  repeated  as  an  edio, 
"Employ  Miss  Dorrit V**  (Sec  Pkteb, 
p.  754.) 

Mn,  Plomish^  the  plasterer's  wife.  A 
voung  woman,  somewhat  slatternly  in 
herself  and  her  belongings,  and  dragged 
by  care  and  poverty  already  into  wrinkica. 
She  generally  began  her  sentences  with, 
"  Well,  not  to  deceive  you.**  Thus :  "  Is 
Mr.  Plomish  at  home'/*'  "Well,  sir,  not 
to  deceive  vou,  he*s  gone  to  look  for  a 
job.**  "Well,  not  to  deceive  yon, 
ma*am,  I  take  it  kindly  of  you.**— C 
Dickens,  LiUle  Dorrit  (1857). 

Plotting  Parioiir(rA«).  AtWhitp 
tiiy^ton,  near  Scarsdale,  w  Derbvshire,  ia 
a  nrai-house  where  the  eari  of  Devon- 
shire (Cavendish),  the  earl  of  Dwiby 
(Osborne),  and  baron  Delamer  (Booth) 
concerted  the  Revolution.  The  room  in 
which  they  met  is  called  "  The  Plotting 
Parlour.** 


WlMTt  SoMKble't  cHIb  the  fweOiac  1 

.  .  .  there  let  the  brrocr  hell 

The  MKVcd  crchnrd  which  cmhgiere  hie  l 

And  ehew  to  itninfen.  tMesinc  •hnm  the  «»l^ 

Where  CftVndlah.  Booth.  Mid  Oihorae  lete 

When,  buntlmr  from  their  oiMntnr*k  cfaela,  .  .  . 

Thogr  phtwed  for  freediMi  thb  her  DoMot  rilg*. 

Aheneide,  Ode,  XVUL  v.  S(17Cn. 

Plotwell  {MreX  in  Mrs.  Centlivrt's 
drama  The  Beau's  Duel  (1703). 

Ploocdna,  called  Heb^  endowed  by 
the  fairy  Angnilletta  with  the  gifts  of 
wit,  beaut}^,  and  wealth.  HebS  still  felt 
she  lacked  something,  and  the  fairy  told 
her  it  was  love.  P^ently  came  to  her 
father's  court  a  young  prince  named 
Atimir,  the  two  fell  in  love  with  each 
other,  and  the  dajr  of  their  marriage 
was  fixed.  In  the  interval,  Atimir  fell 
in  love  with  HebO's  elder  sister  Iberia ; 
and  Hebe,  in  her  grief,  was  sent  to  the 
Peaceable  Island,  where  she  fell  in  love 
with  the  ruling  prince,  and  maczied 
him.  After  a  time,  Atimir  and  Iberia, 
with  Hebd  and  her  husband,  met  at  the 
palace  of  the  ladies'  father,  when  the 
love  between  Atimir  and  Hebd  re- 
vived. A  duel  was  fought  between  the 
young  princes,  in  which  Atimir  was  slain, 
and  the  prince  of  the  Peaceable  Islands 
was  severely  wounded.  Heb^  coming 
np,  threw  herself  on  Atimir's  sword,  and 
the  dead  bodies  of  Atimir  and  Heb£ 
were  tranaf ormed  into  two  treea  calM 


PLOWMAN. 


777 


POCHET. 


'^^anns.**— Comtesse  D'Auney,  Fairy 
TaUs  (*•  Angnilletta,"  1682). 

Plowman  {PiersY,  the  dreamer,  who, 
falling  asleep  on  the  Blalvern  Hilla, 
Worcestershire^  saw  in  a  vision  pictures 
of  the  corruptions  of  society,  and  par- 
iiciilarly  of  the  avarice  and  wantonness 
of  the  clergy.  This  supposed  vision  is 
formed  into  a  poetical  satire  of  g[reat 
vigour,  fancy,  and  humour.  It  is  divided 
Into  twenty  parts,  earh  part  being  called 
s  pasfus  or  separate  vision. — William 
[or  Robert]  Langland,  The  Vision  of  Piers 
rlamium  (1362). 

Ftmndainas  (Mr,  PHer)^  grocer. — 
Sir  W.  Seott,  Heart  of  Midlothum  (time, 
George  II.). 

Ploxne  (Cb/>tadi),  a  gentleman  and 
An  officer.  He  is  in  love  with  Sylvia  a 
wesithy  heirees,  and^  when  he  marries  her, 
mves  up  his  commission. — G.  Farquhar, 
Tke  MeinUtimr  OJfioer  (1706). 

Plmnmer  (Caleb),  a  little  old  toy- 
maker,  in  the  employ  of  Gmff  and 
Taekleton,  to^  merchants.  He  was 
■pare,  gnr^-haired,  and  very  poor.  It 
waa  his  |mde  "  to  go  as  close  to  Natnr* 
in  his  toys  as  he  coold  for  the  money.** 
Caleb  Plummer  had  a  blind  daughter, 
who  assisted  him  in  toy-making,  and 
whom  he  brought  np  under  the  belief 
that  he  himself  was  young,  handsome, 
and  wen  off,  and  that  the  house  they 
lived  in  was  sumptuously  furnished  and 
q«ite  magnifioent.  Every  calamity  he 
SDUMthed  over,  every  unkind  remark  of 
their  snarling  employer  he  called  a  merry 
jest;  so  that  the  poor  blind  girl  lived  in  a 
eastle  of  the  •i'fj**  bright  little  world 
of  her  own.**  When  merr^  or  puczled, 
Oaleb  used  to  sing  something  aoout  **  a 
sparkling  bowl.** 

HvnU  tew^jMdiMd  «b«  kMrtjrf^^lidtaJtaU* 

ftiMMs,  <w«iHMMb  a. 

Jiartha  Plvminer,  the  Uind  daughter  of 
the  toy-maker,  who  fancied  her  poor  old 
father  was  a  young  fop,  that  the  sack  he 
threw  across  his  shoulders  was  a  handp> 
pome  blue  great-coat,  and  that  their 
wooden  house  was  a  palace.  She  was  in 
love  with  Taekleton,  the  toy  merchant, 
wliom  she  thought  to  be  a  handsome 
voung  prince ;  and  when  she  heard  that 
be  was  about  to  many  May  Fielding, 
she  drooped  and  was  uke  to  die.  She 
was  then  disillusioned,  heard  the  real 
facts,  and  said,  "  Why,  oh,  why  did  yon 
deeeive  me  thus?  Why  did  yon  fill 
B|y  hiMt  M  fall,  and  tiMn  ooom  likt 


death,  and  tear  away  the  objects  of  mj 
love?**  However,  her  love  for  her  father 
was  not  lessened,  and  she  declared  that 
the  knowledge  of  the  truth  was  *'  sight 
restored.'*  **  It  is  my  siicht,'*  she  cried. 
"Hitherto  I  have  been  blind,  but  now 
my  eyes  are  open.  1  never  knew  my 
faiher  before,  and  might  have  died  with- 
out ever  having  known  him  truly.** 

Edteard  IHvmmery  son  of  the  toy-maicer, 
and  brother  of  the  blind  girl.  He  was 
en^^iged  from  boyhood  to  Aiay  Fielding, 
went  to  South  America,  and  returned  to 
marry  her;  but,  hearing  of  her  engage- 
ment to  Taekleton  the  toy  merchant, 
he  assumed  the  disguise  oi  a  deaf  old 
roan,  to  ascertain  whether  she  loved 
Taekleton  or  not.  Being  satisfied  that 
her  heart  was  still  his  own,  he  married 
her,  and  Taekleton  made  them  a  present 
of  the  wedding-cake  which  he  had 
ordered  for  himself.— C.  Dickens,  The 
Cricket  on  the  Hearth  (1846). 

Plush  (John),  any  goreeoos  footman, 
conspicuous  for  his  plush  breechta  and 
rainbow  colours. 

Plutarch  (The  Modern),  Vayer,  bora 
at  Paris.  His  name  in  full  was  Francis 
Vayer  de  U  Mothe  (1686-1672).  ^ 

Pluto,  the  god  of  hadds. 

Bratncn^  ks  01 
vlUi  Phito.— : 
mopntm, 

Plutus,  the  god  of  wealth.— CTosnb 
Mythologjf, 

9kakmpmt%  JuUtu  CSmmt.  adiv.  k.  S  (ISV). 

Plymouth  Cloak  (A),  a  cane,  a 
cudgel.  So  called,  says  Kay,  '*  becanaa 
we  use  a  staff  m  omrpOf  but  not  when  we 
waar  a  duak.** 


diMr.  for  tkl«  alght  «•  ri^  wp 
r9  M«  Tkrm  Mtmdrtd  mi  Thw 


Wtmarm.  How.  Aosi   VMtlmg  hi$  cmiftl.) 
TatmtU.  Advaaet  foor  PlxwoiMli  i ' 
ThoTi  drclk,  ftnd  wtthla  eaS.  'J  it] 
A  iMloni  iMMucli.  odM  tka  COM 
That  duUi  oonuuMid  «  dtedel.  calkd  tka  ttodu. 
Mairiiicw.it  JTem  Wmg  to  Png  Old  Otbta,  i.  1  (IStf). 

Po  (Tom),  a  ghost.  (Welsh,  60^  **a 
hobgoblin.**) 

He  aow  voaM  pas  lor  aplrit  Foi 

B.  Budcr.  JTMrfMra*.  UL  1  (1979). 

Pocahontas,  daughter  oi  Powhatan, 
an  Indian  chief  of  Virginia,  who  rescuea 
captain  John  Smith  when  he^  father  was 
on  the  point  of  killing  him.  She  subse- 
quently married  John  Rolfe,  and  was 
baptized  under  the  name  of  Rebecca 
(1695-1617).— 0/(i  and  New  London,  ii. 
481  (1876). 

Poohet  (Madame),  the  French  **  Mn. 
G«mp.*'^UeBri  Honnier. 


FOCHI  DAHABI. 


77f 


P0ET3  ov  nroiAKD. 


8a  the  ItjUUnscall  lUximiliaa  1.  emperor 
of  Gerauuiy  (1459,  1493-1519). 

Pocket  (Mr,  Matthew),  a  real  teboUir, 
educated  ftt  Harrow,  and  an  bonoor-man 
at  Ckmbridffe,  but,  ha\-in|j  married  roim^, 
he  had  to  take  up  the  calhng  of  "grinder  " 
and  literary  faff  for  a  living.  BIr. 
Pocket,  when  annoyed,  need  to  ran  his 
two  himds  into  his  liair,  and  seemed  as  if 
he  intended  to  lift  himself  by  it.  His 
house  was  a  hopeless  muddle,  the  best 
meals  and  chief  expense  being  in  the 
kitchen.  Pip  was  placed  under  the  charge 
•f  this  gentleman. 

Mrs.  Pocket  {Belinda) ,  daughter  of  a 
City  knight,  brought  up  to  be  an  oma- 
menul  nonentity,  helpless,  shiftless,  and 
u-scless.  She  wns  tlie  mother  of  eight 
children,  whom  she  allowed  to  "  tumble 
a?>  **  as  best  they  could,  under  the  charge 
of  her  maid  Floiwon.  tier  husband,  wtio 
was  a  poor  gentleman,  found  life  a  very 
uphill  work. 

Herbert  Pockety  son  of  Mr.  Matthew 
Pocket,  and  an  insurer  of  ships.  He  wmi 
a  frank,  easy  young  nan,  lithe  and  brisk, 
but  not  muscular.  There  was  nothing 
mean  or  secretive  about  him.  He  waa 
wonderfully  hopeful,  but  had  not  the 
stuff  to  push  has  way  into  wealth.  He 
was  iaU,  slim,  and  pale;  hod  a  languor 
which  shewed  itself  even  in  his  briskness ; 
was  most  amiable,  cheerful,  and  com- 
municative. He  oaUed  Pip  "Handel," 
because  Pip  had  been  a  bhicksmith,  and 
Handel  eomjposad  a  pieoe  of  music  en- 
titled The  Jtannonious  Btackamith.  Pip 
helped  him  to  a  paiCnarship  in  an  agency 
business. 

Sarvh  Poeket,  sister  of  Matthew  Poefcet, 
a  little  dry,  brown,  corrugated  old  woman, 
with  a  small  face  that  might  have  been 
made  of  walnut-shell,  and  a  large  mouth 
like  a  cat's  without  the  whiskers. — C. 
Dickens,  Great  Expectation  (1800). 

Podgera  {Tlu:).  lickspiUles  of  the 
great.— 3.  Hollingshead,  fhe  isirtiijplace 
of  Podger$, 

Podsnap  (Mr.),  "  a  too,  too  smiling 
large  man  with  a  fatal  freshness  on  him.  * 
Mr.  Podsnap iias "two  little  light-eoloured 
wiry  Mringi),  one  on  either  side  of  his 
else  bald  head,  looking  as  like  his  hair- 
brushes as  his  hair."  On  his  forehead 
are  generally  "  little  red  beads,*'  and  be 
weara  "a  large  allowance  of  crumpled 
ihirt-collar  up  behind." 

Mrs,  Podsmp,  a  "  fine  woman  for  pro- 
fessor Owen :  quantity  of  bone,  neck  and 


nostrils  like  a  roekiag-hone,  bard 
lures,  and  majeatic  head-dfess  in  wkkk 
Podsnap  has  hang  golden  offerings.** 

Georgiana  Pomap,  daughter  of  the 
above ;  called  by  her  father  "  the  young 
person.**  She  is  a  harmless,  inoffensive 
girl,  "  always  trying  to  hide  her  elbows." 
(teorgiana  adores  Mrs.  Lammle,  and  when 
Mr.  (<ammle  tries  to  marry  the  giri 
to  Mr.  Flcdgeby,  Mrs.  Lammle  inducet 
Mr.  Twemlow  to  speak  to  the  father  and 
warn  him  against  the  connection. 

It  iMnyMot  b>  ID  to  Um  wayl  — cpptog  l> 
.  .  .  baC  It  hut  bera  Mm  tnrtli  rfnrttW 
Hm  onHrwM  won  UfaL— C.  DlcfcMi»  Om*  i 
(US4). 

Poem  in  Karbte  (A),  the  Taj,  • 

mausoleum  of  white  marble,  raised  hi 
Agra  by  shah  Jeban,  to  his  favourite 
shahrhia  Maomuui-f-Bfahal,  who  died  in 
diiMhirth  of  her  eighth  child.  It  is  aba 
called  **The  Marble  Qoeen  of  Sorrow." 

Poet  ( 774tf  Quaker},  Benuiid  BMm 
(1784-1849). 

Poet  Sire  of  Ilaly,  Daat^  Alighiarl 
(120&-1821). 

Poet  Sqaab.    John  Drydea  was  m 
called  by  the  earl  of  Rochester,  on  \ 
of  his  corpulence  (1031-1701). 

Poet  of  Franoe  (The),  Piem 
sard  (1624-1585). 

Poet  of  Poets,  Percy  Byssha  Shdk^ 

(1792-1822). 


Poet  of  the  Poor,  the  Hew. 

Crabbe  (1754-1882). 

^oetB(Theprimc4o/).  Edmnad Spen- 
ser is  so  called  on  his  monument  in  West- 
minster Abbey  (1553-1598). 

Priurt  of  «^fttiiA  A>ef«.  8o  Cervant^ 
calls  GarcUaso  de  la  Vega  (1503-1536). 

Poets  of  BnflrlAQdU 

Addison,  BMMimont,  Elisabeth   Bar. 

rett  Browning !  (Burns !)  Butler,  Btbott, 
Campbell,  Chatterton,  Cbaucsk,  Oolk- 
RIDGR,  Collins,  Congrevt,  Cowlg,  Cow- 
per,  Crnhbcy  Drayton,  Dryden !  Fletcher, 
Ford,  Gay,  Goldsmith,  Gray,  Mrs.  Ho- 
mans,  Herbert,  Herrick,  Hood,  Ben  Jon- 
son!  Keats,  Keble,  Landor,  Marlowe! 
Marvel,  Massinger !  Milton,  Moore,  Ot- 
way!  Pope!  Prior, Roger9,Rov>e,{SQOtt^) 
Sn^KBSPBABB,  Shelley!  Sh^nttone^  South- 
ey,  Spbjisbr,  Thomson,  Waller,  Woros- 
woBTH,  Young.  With  many  others  of 
less  oelebrity. 

(Those  in  capitals  are  first-elass  poets ; 
those  in  Roman  ^pe^  seoond-elass,  iKa 


POVrS*  OORVER. 


779 


POISONERS. 


of  which  hare  I  ftftor  tht  name; 
thoM  in  itelics  are  third-claas  poets ;  the 
two  in  bracket*  are  Scotch.) 

Poets'  Ck>mer,  in  the  soath  transept 
of  Westminster  Abbey.  No  one  knows 
who  christened  the  comer  thos.  With 
poets  are  divines,  philosophers,  actors, 
novelists,  architects,  and  critics.  It  would 
have  been  a  glorioos  thing  indeed  if  the 
comer  had  been  set  apart  for  EngUnd^s 
poets.  But  alas !  the  deans  of  Westminster 
made  a  market  of  the  wall,  and  hence,  as 
a  memorial  ef  British  poets,  it  is  almost 
a  caricature.  Where  is  the  record  of 
liyron.  Ford,  Hemans,  Keats,  Keble. 
Marlowe,  Massinger,  Fope,  Shelley  r 
'Where  of  E,  B.  Browning,  Bums,  Chat- 
terton,  Collins,  Congreve,  Cowper,  Crabbe, 
Gower,  Herbert,  Herrick,  Hood,  Marvel, 
T.  Moore,  Scott,  Shenstone,  Southey, 
and  Waller? 

The  *' comer**  contains  a  bust,  statue, 
tiMet,  or  monument  to  five  of  our  first- 
rate  poets:  viz.,  Chaucer  (1400), 
Xhydea  (1700),  Milton  (1674),  Shake- 
speare (1616),  and  Spenser  (1698) ;  and 
some  seventeen  of  second  or  third  class 
merit,  as  Addison,  Beaumont  (none  to 
Fletcher),  8.  Butler,  Campbell,  Cowley, 
Cumberland,  Drayton,  Gay,  Gray,  Qold- 
smith,  Ben  Jonson,  Macaulay,  Prior  (a 
HOit  Dfeposterous  aifair),  Rowe,  Shen- 
dan,  Thomson,  and  Wordsworth.  And 
also  to  such  miserable  poetasters  as 
Davenant  ("  Oh  I  rare  sir  William  Dave- 
nant!**).  Mason,  and  ShadwelL  Truly, 
enr  yalnalla  is  almost  a  satire  on  our 
taste  and  judgment. 

%*  Dinrden*s  monument  was  erected 
by  Sheffield  duke  of  Buckingham. 
Wordsworth's  statue  was  erected  by  a 
poblic  subscription. 

Poets  of  Idoentions  Verses, 
Kephantis.  a  poetess  spoken  of  by 
Martial,  Epigrammata,  xii.  49. 

Anthony  Oaraccio  of  Italy  (1680-1702). 

Pietro  Arstino,  an  Italian  of  Aieno 
(1492-1667). 

Poetry  (The  FMer  of),  Orpheus  (2 
iy/J  of  Tiirace. 

Father  of  Dutch  Poetry,  Jakob  Maer- 
tent ;  also  called  "  The  Father  of  Flemish 
Poetnr"*  (1236-1300). 

Ihther  of  Kmfliah  Poetry,  GeoiErey 
Chancer  (1828-1400). 

Father  of  Epic  Poetry,  Homer. 


Be  mmipain»  Riehaid«m  to  Honer,  and  imdiela  for 
Sh  witj  tiM  arint  boMown  which  an  nmSmwA  I*  the 
W^/kmoiWtkt  f%Mtrt — Sk  W.  SegU. 

Boetry  —  Prossw     Pope    adviaed  | 


Wyeh«rly  **to  oonvert  his  poetry  into 
prose." 

Po'eram  {Elijah),  one  of  the  "master 
minds  of  America,  and  a  member  of 
congress.  He  was  possessed  with  the 
idea  that  there  was  a  settled  opposition 
in  the  British  mind  against  the  institu- 
tions of  his  **free  enlightened  country.** 
— C.  Dickens,  Marti$^  ChuzztewU  (1S44). 

Poinder  (George),  a  city  officer.— Sir 
W.  Scott,  Heart  of  Midlothian  (time, 
George  II.). 

Peine,  a  companion  of  sir  John  Fal« 
staff.— Shakespeare,  1  and  2  Henry  IV, 
(1697,  1698). 


Ite  chroaklN  of  thai  dveoMala  MeoMiti  cT  HMiur  a 
OMMl  pcaak  which  {lor*  Wmmrtek,  Addtaoa's  $t0p-^im] 
phi/«l  .  .  .r/<»tlthelawleMn«ik«orthaaMMimppriiMa 
L— Thaek« 


aa4Polas.- 


tflfair. 


Point  a  Moral  or  Adorn  a  Tale. 

Dr.  Johnson,  in  his  Vamti/  of  Human 
Wishes  (1749),  speaking  of  Charies  XII. 
of  Sweden,  says : 


He  kft  the  aaaM.  at  which  tha 
lb  pohit  a  ■MNiri  or  adorn  a  tale. 

***  Juvenal  said  of  Hannibal :  **  Go, 
madman ;  hurry  over  the  sarage  Alps,  to 
please  the  schoolboy,  and  bMome  their 
subject  of  declamation.** 

Poison.  It  is  said  that  MithridAt^ 
VI.,  sumamcd  <*the  Gieat,"  had  so  forti- 
fied his  constitution,  that  poisons  had  no 
baneful  effect  on  him  (b.c.  131,  120-68). 


L-Deteotors.  Opal  turns  pale, 
and  Venetian  glass  shivers  at  the  ap- 
proach of  poison.  Peacocks  mflle  their 
feathers  at  the  sight  of  poison ;  and  if 
poison  is  put  into  a  liquid  contained  in  a 
cup  of  rhinoceroses  horn,  the  liquid  will 
emrvesce.  No  one  could  pass  with 
poison  Uie  horn  gate  of  Qnndofttnts. 
Nourgehan  had  a  bracelet,  the  stones  of 
which  seemed  agitated  when  poison 
approached  the  wearer.  Aladdin's  ring 
was  a  preservative  against  everv  evil. 
The  sign  of  the  cross  in  the  Middle  Ages 
was  looked  upon  as  a  poison-detector. 
(See  Wabnino-Givrrs.) 

Poison  of  Khalbar.  By  this  is 
meant  the  poison  put  into  a  leg  of  mutton 
by  Zainab,  a  Jewess,  to  kill  Mahomet 
while  he  was  in  the  citadel  of  Kha'Ibar. 
Mahomet  partook  of  the  mutton,  and 
suftexed  from  the  poison  all  through  life. 

Poisoners  (Secret), 

1.  Of  Ancient  Home:  Locusta,  em- 
ployed by  Agrippi'na  to  poison  her 
nus'oand  the  emperor   Claodiui,    Nero 


POLEXANDRE. 


rm 


POLLEMTE. 


employed   the  same  womaii  to  poison 
BriUnnicufi  and  others. 

2.  Of  English  History:  the  coontess 
of  Somereet,  who  poisoned  sir  Thomas 
Orerbory  in  the  Tower  of  London.  She 
also  poiiioned  others. 

'Yiiliers    duke   of  Bncking^iam,   it  is 
said,  poisoned  king  Jaines  I. 

3.  uf  France:  LAvoisinandLavigorenz, 
French  mid  wives  and  fortune-tellers. 

Catharine  de  Medicis  is  said  to  have 
poisoned  the  mother  of  Henri  IV.  with  a 
pair  of  wedding-gloves,  and  several 
others  with  poisoned  fans. 

The  marquise  de  Brinvilliers,  a  yonng 
profligate  Frenchwoman,  was  tau^t  the 
art  of  secret  poisoning  hw  Saintc-Croix, 
who  learnt  it  in  Italy. —  Wcrldof  Wonders, 
vii.  203. 

4.  Of  Italy :  Pope  Alexander  VI.  and 
his  children  Cesar  and  Lucrezia  [Borgia] 
were  noted  poisoners  ;  so  were  Hierony- 
ma  Spara  and  Tofa'na. 

Polexan'dre,  an  heroic  romance  by 
GomberviUe  (1632). 

Policv  (Mrs.)^  housekeeper  at  Holy- 
rood  Palace.  She  appears  in  the  intro- 
duction.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Fair  Maid  of 
Perth  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

PoPidore  (3  syl,)y  fattier  of  Valisre,— 
Moli^re,  Le  IMpit  Anwweux  (1654). 

Polinesso,  duke  of  Albany,  who 
falsely  accused  Geneura  of  incontinency, 
and  was  slain  in  single  combat  by  Ario- 
dant^. — Ariosto,  Orlando  Fur ioso  {IbiQ), 

Polish  Jew  {Tha),  also  called  The 
Bbu^  a  melodrama  by  J.  K.  Ware, 
brought  prommently  into  note  by  the 
acting  of  Henry  Irving  at  the  Lyceum. 
Mathis,  a  miller  in  a  small  German  town, 
is  visited  on  Christmas  £ve  by  a  Polish 
Jew,  who  comes  through  the  snow  in  a 
sledge.  After  rest  and  refreshment,  be 
leaves  for  Nantzi^,  *'four  leagues  off.*' 
Mathis  follows  htm,  kills  him  with  an 
axe,  and  bums  the  body  in  a  lime-kiln. 
He  then  pays  his  debts,  becomes  a  pros- 

IierouR  and  respected  man,  and  is  made 
mrgnmaster.     On  the  wedding  night  of 
his  only  child,  Annette,  he  dies  of  apo- 

1)icxy,  of  which  he  hod  ample  wammg 
ij  the  constant  sound  of  sledgc-bells  in 
his  COTS.  In  his  dream  he  supposes  him- 
self put  into  a  mesmeric  sleep  in  open 
court,  when  he  confesses  everything  and 
is  executed  (1874). 

PolixdnOy  the  name  assumed  by 
Uodelou  Gorgibus,  a  shopkeeper*s  daugh- 


ter, as  far  more  romantic  and  gcnted 
than  her  baptasmal  name.  Her  coosin 
Cathos  called  herself  Aminte  (2  9yL). 


itiie,de  OmUkm  nl 
pMoneoe  aeroltaa 

phM  WMi  romaa  do 

"U  «t  vrai.-  mn  Okthoc  to  XnOdoa'^ 
Bom  de  PoUxHm  ...  at  eebd  d*Aiiilirte 
sraee  doot  V  tmA  qiM  tov  demoH 
L€9Pr4rt«um  fUiemtm,  S  (UBS). 

Polix'enes  (4  sy/.),  king  of  Bo- 
hernia,  schoolfellow  and  old  companion 
of  Leontes  king  of  Sicily.  While  on  a 
visit  to  the  Sicilian  king,  LeontSs  grew 
jealous  of  him,  and  commanded  Camillo 
to  poison  him ;  but  Camillo  only  warned 
him  of  his  dan^^r,  and  fled  with  him  to 
Bohemia.  Polixen^'s  son,  Flor^el,  fell 
in  love  with  Perdita  the  supposed 
daughter  of  a  shepherd;  but  the  king 
threatened  Perdita  and  the  shepherd  wi£ 
death  unless  this  foolidi  suit  w«re  given 
up.^  Florizel  and  Perdita  now  fled  to 
Sicily,  where  they  were  introduced  to  king 
Leontes,  and  it  was  soon  discovered  that 
Perdita  was  his  lost  daughter.  Polixen^ 
having  tracked  the  fugitives  to  Sicily, 
learned  that  Perdita  was  the  king's  daogh- 
ter,  and  joyfully  consented  to  the  union  he 
had  before  forbidden. — Shakespeare,  The 
Winter's  Ihle  (1604). 

Poll  Pineapple,  the  bomboat 
woman,  once  sailed  in  seaman's  clothes 
with  lieutenant  Belay e'  (2  syl,),  in  the 
ffot  Cross-Bun,  Jack  tars  genemlly  greet 
each  other  with  ** Messmate,  ho!  what 
cheer?"  but  the  greeting  on  the  Bot 
Cross-Bun  was  always,  "  How  do  you  do, 
my  dear?**  and  never  was  any  oath  more 
naughty  than  ** Dear  me!**  One  day, 
lieutenant  Belaye  came  on  board  and 
said  to  his  crew,  "  Here,  messmates,  is  my 
wife,  for  I  have  just  come  from  cfaarcfa.** 
Whereupon  they  all  fainted ;  and  it 
was  found  the  crew  consisted  of  yoon^ 
women  <mly,  who  had  dressed  like  sailors 
to  follow  the  fato  of  lieutenant  Belaye. — 
S.  Gilbert,  The  Bab  Ballads  {*'The  Bum- 
boat  Woman's  Story  "). 


PoUente  (3  syL),  a  Saracen,  lord  of 
the  Perilous  Bridge.  When  his  groom 
Giiizor  demands  ^"the  passage-penny** 
of  sir  Artegal,  the  knight  gives  him  a 
**  stunning  blow,"  saying,  **Lo!  knave, 
there's  mv  hire;"  and  the  groom  falls 
down  dead.  Pollent«  then  comes  rushinj^ 
up  at  full  speed,  and  both  he  and  sir 
Artegal  fall  into  tiie  river,  fighting  moefc 
desperately.  At  length  sir  Artegal  pre- 
vails and  the  dead  body  of  the  Saracen 


POLLT. 


781 


POLYDORE. 


is  cuntd  down  *'thc  bloocl-€tiiiiied 
•tTeMn.**— Spenser,  Faery  Qtiecn,  y.  2 
(1596). 

Upton  conjectures  that  "  PoUentc "  is 
intended  for  Charles  IX.  of  France^  and 
his  i^om  *'  Gnizor  "  (he  says)  means  the 
duke  of  Goise,  noted  for  the  part  he  took 
In  the  St.  Bartholomew  Massacre. 

Polly,  daughter  of  Peachnm.  A 
pretty  girl,  who  really  loved  capttain 
Macheath,  married  him,  and  remained 
faithful  eren  when  he  disclaimed  her. 
When  the  reprieve  arrived,  "  the  captain** 
eonfessed  his  marriage,  and  vowed  to 
abide  by  Polly  for  the  rest  of  his  Ufe.^- 
J.  Ga^,  ITie  Beggar't  Opera  (1727). 

This  character  has  led  to  the  peerage 
three  actresses :  Miss  Fenton  {duchess  of 
BoHon),  Miss  Bolton  (lady  Thwriow),  and 
Miss  Stei^ens  (countess  of  Essex). 

Mrs.  Cf.  Mathews  says  of  Miss  Fenton 
(1708-1760) : 


Both  bjr  doclBS  Mii  aetfiis.  tto  tepwrioM  *•  made  In 
"PoOr"  vas  iDoat  powwftd.  .  .  .  Nut  •  print-choi*  or 
bm  wAlblted   iMT  luuidmn*  flfpwB  In  ber 
rt'  rnHiiiii.  wkteb  paiiiMiii  aU  Ike  dMnetarMe 
oftW  Modon  qmiunm,  vUbooi  imm 


Polo'niuSy  a  garmloos  old  chamber- 
lain of  Denmark,  and  father  of  Laer't^ 
and  Ophelia;  conceited,  politic,  and  a 
courtier.  Poionius  conceals  himself,  to 
oveihear  what  llamlet  says  to  his  mower, 
and,  making  some  unavoidable  noise, 
startles  the  prince,  who,  thinking  it  is 
the  king  concealed,  ru^es  blindly  on 
tba  intruder,  and  kills  him  ;  but  finds  too 
lato  he  has  killed  the  chamberlain,  and 
not  (Claudius  as  he  hoped  and  expected. 
—Shakespeare,  ffamlei  (1596). 


FdoKhis  !•  anaui  hnd  In  ooarti.  taurtktd  in  bmlnaa, 

with  olwtuBlioiM,  confldent  «f  hit  kiunrMjp, 

flf  kii  alp^Bcnnw  Mid  daellafais  to  dolMs.— Di« 


It  was  the  great  part  of  William  Mynitt 
(1710-1763). 


Soon  after  MunrfMi  latfred  from  tbo  i 
■Mt  UmlnODvantGankn.  It  waa  a  vrt  dajr. 
canted  aa  valirclla.  Tha  gentlenian'i  wa«  an  espeusiTa 
aUk  ona,  and  Joe*!  an  M  sfaigham.  "  So  voa  have  lafl 
tbaaUM*.  ...  and  'Polonlai.'  'Jamnqr  Jompa.'  'Old 
Damton.'  and  a  doM«a  oUmti  hava  laft  tba  world  wUli 
yont  I  andiTOu'd  give  me  HHnetflfle  by  wajr  of  memorial, 
Mandan!"  ^THle.  ilrt  1'  Aitth.  rtr.  I've  got  nothing. 
Bm  hold,  tea.  agad.  aippooa  «ra  nrhanga  ■mbraHaa.'*— 
ntmtrtcmldt 


Polwarth  (Alick)^  a  servant  of 
Waverley*s.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Waverley 
(time,  George  II.). 

Polycle'tOB  (in  lAtin  PolycUtus)f  a 
statuary  of  Sicyon,  who  drew  up  a  canon 
of  the  proportions  of  the  several  parts  of 
the  human  body :  as,  twice  round  the 
thumb  is  once  round  the  wrist;  twice 


round  the  wrist  is  once  round  the  neck ; 
twice  round  the  neck  is  once  roimd  the 
waist ;  once  round  the  fist  is  the  length 
of  the  foot ;  the  two  arms  extended  is 
the  height  of  the  body  ;  six  times  the 
length  of  the  foot,  or  eighteen  thumbs,  is 
also  the  height  of  the  body. 

Again,  the  thumb,  the  longest  toe, 
and  the  nose  should  all  be  of  the  same 
length.  The  index  finger  should  mea- 
sure the  breadth  of  the  hand  and  foot, 
and  twice  the  breadth  should  give  the 
length.  The  hand,  the  foot,  and  the 
face  should  all  be  the  same  length.  The 
nose  should  be  one-third  of  the  face; 
and,  of  course,  the  thumbs  should  be 
one-third  the  len^  of  the  hand.  Gerard 
de  Lairesse  has  given  the  exact  measure- 
ments of  every  part  of  the  human  figure, 
according  to  the  famous  statoes  of  "  An- 
tinous,**  "Apollo  Belndeie,"  «*Her- 
cul^*'  and  '*  Venus  de  Medid." 

Polycrates  (4  syt.),  tyrant  of 
Samos.  He  was  so  fortimate  in  every- 
thing, that  Am'asis  king  of  Kgypt  ad- 
vised him  to  part  with  someuiing  he 
highly  prized.  Whereupon,  PolycrXtSs 
threw  into  the  sea  an  engraved  gem  of 
extraordinary  value.  A  few  days  after- 
wards, a  fish  was  presented  to  the  tvrant, 
in  which  this  very  gem  was  found. 
Amasis  now  renounced  all  friendship 
with  him,  as  a  man  doomed  by  the  gods ; 
and  not  long  after  this,  a  satrap,  having 
entrapped  the  too  fortunate  despot,  put 
him  to  death  by  crucifixion.  (See  Fish 
AND  THS  B.IVQ.)— Herodotus,  iii.  40. 

Polyd'amas,  a  Thessalian  athlete  of 
enormous  strength.  He  is  said  to  have 
killed  an  angry  lion,  to  have  held  by  the 
heels  a  raging  bull  and  thrown  it  help- 
less at  his  feet,  to  have  stopped  a  chariot 
in  full  career,  ete.  One  day,  he  attempted 
to  sustain  a  falling  rock,  but  was  killed 
and  buried  by  the  huge  mass. 

Milo  carried  a  bull,  four  years  old,  on 
his  shoulders  through  the  stadium  at 
Olympia ;  he  also  arrested  a  chariot  in 
fuU  career.  One  day,  tearing  asunder  a 
pine  tree,  the  two  parts,  rebounding, 
caught  his  hands  and  held  him  fast,  m 
which  state  he  was  devoured  by  wolves. 

Polydore  (8  syL),  the  name  by  which 
Belaritts  called  prince  Guiderins,  while 
he  lived  in  a  cave  in  the  Welsh  moun- 
tains. His  brother,  prince  Arx-irttgus, 
went  by  the  name  of  OdwaL — Shake- 
speare, Cymbeline  (1605). 

Pofydore  (8  sW.)j  brother  of  general 
Memn'on,  beloved  by  the  princess  Galis 


FOLTDORB, 


7«l 


POLTPHBMB. 


sitter  of  AMonx  king  of  Papho*. — Be«i* 
Boot    Mid    Fletcher,    The   M<¥i   Lueer 

(1618). 

Potwkfte  (Lord),  won  ot  lord  Acatto, 
and  Owtalio'M  yomi^  brother.  He 
entertained  a  base  passion  for  his  fatiier*s 
ward  Monimia  **the  or|dian,"and,  making 
vse  of  die  signal  (**  three  soft  taps  upon 
the  chamber  door  **)  to  be  osed  by  OMtalio, 
to  whom  she  was  privately  married,  in- 
du\f^  his  wanton  love,  Monimia  sni^ 
posing  him  to  be  her  husband.  When, 
next  day,  he  discovered  that  Monimia  was 
actually  married  to  Castalio,  he  was 
horrified,  and  provoked  a  qnarrelwith  his 
brother  ;  bnt  as  soon  as  Castalio  drew  his 
sword,  he  ran  upon  it  and  was  killed. — 
Thomas  Otway,  The  Orphan  (1680). 

PoFydor4  (3  ly/.),  a  comrade  of  Ernest 
of  Otianto  (page  ot  prince  Tancrrd). — Sir 
W.  ScotI,  IkwU  lUfbert  of  Parit  (time, 
Bufus). 

Polyglot  {Ignatku).  the  master  of 
ie\'eniaen  languages,  ana  tutor  of  Charles 
Knstace  (aged  24).  Vary  learned,  very 
ignorant  of  human  life ;  most  strict  as  a 
fsciplinariaii^  but  tenders-hearted   as  a 

E'rl.  His  pupiL  has  married  clandestinely, 
tt  Polyglot  offers  himself  voluntarily  to 
be  the  icapegoat  of  the  ^oung  couple, 
and  he  brings  them  ofl  tnumpnantly. — 
J.  Poole,  like  Scapegoat. 

Polyglott  (A  Walking),  cardinal  Mes- 
sofanti,  who  knew  fifty-eight  different 
languages  (1774-1849). 

Folyolbion  (the  '* greatl^f  blesged")* 
by  Michael  Drayton,  m  thirty  parts, 
called  **sonffS."  It  is  a  topographi' 
cal  description  of  England.  ^n|^ 
i.  The  landing  of  Brute.  Song  ii. 
Porsetshire,  and  the  adventures  (^  sir 
Bevis  of  Southampton.  Song  iii.  So- 
merset. Song  iv.  Contention  of  the 
rivers  of  Enguind  and  Wales  respecting 
Lundy — to  which  country  it  belonged. 
Song  v.  Sabrina,  as  arbiter,  decides  that 
it  is  ''aUled  alike  both  to  England  and 
Wales;**  Merlin,  and  MUford  Haven. 
Song  vi.  The  salmon  and  beavor  of  Twy ; 
the  tale  of  Sabrina;  the  druids  and 
bards.  Song  vii.  Hereford.  Song  viii. 
Cooonest  of  Britain  by  the  Romans  and 
by  uie  Saxons.  Song  ix.  Wales.  Song 
z.  Merlin's  prophecies ;  Winifred's  well ; 
defenceefthe^'taleof  Brute" (1612).  Song 
zi.  Che^iire ;  the  religious  Saxon  kings. 
Song  xii.  Shropshire  and  Staffordshire: 
the  Saxon  warrior  kings ;  and  Guy  of 
Warwick.    Song  xiii.  Warwick  ;  Guy  of 


Warwick  condaded.  Song  xiir.  Glo»> 
oestershire.  Song  xr.  Tbe  marriage  of 
Isis  and  Thame.  Song  xvL  The  Roman 
roads  and  Saxon  kingdoms.  Song  x\*iL 
Surrey  and  Sussex  :  the  sovereigns  of 
England  from  William  to  Elizabeth. 
Song  xviii.  Kent  ^  England's  great  gene- 
rals and  sea-captains  (1613).  Song  xix. 
Essex  and  Suffolk ;  English  navigators. 
Song  XX.  Norfolk,  tkmg  xxi.  Cam- 
bridge and  Ely.  Song  xxiL  Bucking- 
hamshire, and  Englaiurs  intestine  battles. 
Song  xxiii.  Northamptonshire.  S^fMC 
xxiv.  Rutlandshire;  and  the  British 
saints.  8on|^  xxv.  lincolndiire.  Song 
xxvi.  Nottinghamshire,  Leicestershire, 
Derbyshire;  with  the  story  of  Robin 
Hood.  Song  xxvii.  Lancasnira  and  the 
Isle  of  Man.  Song  xx\*iiL  Toriuhire. 
Song  xxix.  NorthomberlaikL  Seng  xxx« 
Cumberland  (1622). 

Pol'ypheme  (8  gylX  a  gtgantie 
Cyclops  of  Sicily,  who  fed  on  human 
flesh.  When  Ulysses,  on  his  return  frain 
Trov,  was  driven  to  this  island,  be  and 
twelve  of  his  companions  were  seised 
by  Polypheme,  and  confined  in  his  cave, 
that  he  might  devour  two  daily  for  his 
dinner.  Umscs  made  the  giant  drmk, 
and,  when  he  lay  down  to  sleep,  bored 
out  his  one  e^e.  Roused  b}'  tne  pain, 
the  monster  tned  to  catch  his  tormentors ; 
but  Ulysses  and  his  snrrtving  com- 
panions made  their  escape  br  cli^ng  to 
the  bellies  of  the  sheep  and  rams  wnen 
th^  were  let  out  to  paature  (Oe^ssry,  ix.). 

There  is  a  Basque  legend  told  of  the 
^^iant  Tartaro,  who  caught  a  roung  man 
m  his  snares,  and  confined  nim  in  his 
cave  for  dessert.  When,  however,  Tar^ 
taro  fell  asleep,  the  young  man  made 
the  giant's  spit  red  hot,  bored  out  his  one 
eve,  and  then  made  his  escape  bv  fixing 
the  bell  of  the  bell-ram  round  hit  neok, 
and  a  sheep-skin  over  his  back.  Tartan* 
seized  the  skin,  and  tbe  man,  leaviqg  it 
behind,  made  off. — Basque  Ltgemde, 

A  very  similar  adventure  forms  the 
tale  of  Sindbad's  third  voya^  in  the 
Arabian  NighU,  He  was  shipwrecked 
on  a  Strang  island,  and  entered,  with 
his  companions,  a  sort  of  palace.  At 
nightfall,  a  one-eyed  giant  entered,  and 
ate  one  of  them  for  sup|)er,  and  another 
for  breakfast  next  morning.  This  went 
on  for  a  day  or  two,  when  Sindbad  bored 
out  the  ffiant's  one  eye  with  a  chaned 
olive  stake.  The  giant  tried  in  vain  to 
catch  his  tormentors^  but  they  ran  to 
their  rafts;  and  Sindbad,  with  two 
others,  contrived  to  escape. 


POLTFHEMS  AND  GALATEA.     79$        POND  OF  TH£  PROPHET. 


***  H9mm  WM  timnsUted  into  S3rruu: 
by  TlMopliilufl  Edetsenes  in  the  caliphate 
of  Hinm^ir-Kitliid  (a.o.  78G-809). 

Polypheme  and  Qalatea.    Poly- 

pbeme  lored  GaliUte  the  sea-nymph  ;  but 
Ualatea  had  fixed  her  afTections  on  Acis, 
s  Sicilian  shepherd.  The  pftnt,  in  his 
jtfalob«y,  hnrlcd  a  huge  rock  at  his  rival, 
and  crushed  him  to  death. 

Tb*  taW  oi  Polypheme  is  from  Ho- 
mer's Odyiaty,  ix.  It  is  also  given 
by  Ovid  in  his  Mctamorpko9e$,  xiv. 
Kuripides  introduces  the  monster  in  his 
CsfcUfpa;  and  the  tragedy  of  Acis  and 
JialatiMt  is  the  subject  of  Handel's  famous 
<*|jera  so  called. 

(Jo  Greek  the  monster  is  called  Poltt- 
pkhMM^  and  in  Latin  Foiyphemus,) 

Polyplie'mus  of  Ijiteratnre,  Dr. 

Samuel  Johnson  (170»-1784). 

Polypho'nus  ("ftv-wAw'")*  the 
K*ptoeus  and  most  boastful  of  the  frog 
berocs.  He  was  slain  by  the  noose 
ArtopUgot  (*•  the  bread-nibbler'*). 


Aad  FotypMaui  diet. « tnm  raoowiMd 

For  boMiAil  ipwdi  and  tmrbuleaee  uf  MMmd. 

Polyphraetin<wiliTimn1ni<ga]Qn- 
dulatfon. 

W^  sol  wind  op  ftm  ^nom  nUnlntMlid  dMiiurattoa 


wnljwl«malniidnl«rtwi  't—Tka  Star. 

Polypo'dltim  (♦•  many-Zoo^ "),  al- 
Ivding  t«  ita  root  lonusbed  with  nume- 
rous fibres.  Polypodium  used  to  be 
greatly  eelebiated  for  its  effect  on  tape- 
woroh  and  for  rheum* 


Polyx'exut^  a  ma^animous  and 
most  noble  woman,  wife  of  Charles 
SiBBianuel  king  of  Sardinia  (who  suc- 
eeeded  to  the  crown  in  1730).— K.  Brown- 
ing, King  Victor  and  King  Charles^  etc, 

Pombod^ta,  boeus  -  pocus  -  land. 
When  any  one  tells  an  incredible  story, 
we  might  say  to  him,  "  Perhaps  yon  are 
a  native  Ot  Pombodita,  where  elephants 
are  driven  through  the  eyes  of  needles.** 

Cma Ifcirfi  locwdlMlla  — rmt.  iMpmiit.  **Forta«x 
ftoaibodte  t«  «i,  ay  twdncwK  ■l>ph«ntMB  j/m  fpcaoMH 
aean— ^»l•,  aftioptU  Critiemrum. 

It  Bugr  be  that  ttiou  art  of  Pumbadltba,  wliora  thor  oan 
Mat  an  abphant  tlir«(«h  ttaa  v*  of  a  iwiadla  ■  lilgllf  ■ 

***  Every  one  will  call  to  mind  the  use 
made  of  this  Jewish  proverb  by  our  Lord, 
when  the  **  rich  ruler,"  being  told  to  sell 
aU  be  had  for  the  benefit  of  the  poor, 


"went  away  sorrowful,"— XiCiU  xyiii. 
l«-25 ;  Mark  x.  22. 

Pomegranate  Seed.    When  Per- 

seph'ond  was  in  had^  whither  Pluto 
had  carried  her,  the  god,  foreknowing 
that  Jupiter  would  demand  her  release, 
gathered  a  pomegranate,  and  said  to  her, 
^*  Love,  eat  with  me  this  parting  day  of 
the  pomegranate  seed;**  and  she  ate. 
DemSter,  in  the  mean  time,  implored 
Zens  {Jupiter)  to  demand  Persephond*s 
release ;  and  the  king  of  Ol3rmpus  pro- 
mised she  should  be  bet  at  liberty,  if  she 
had  not  eaten  anything  during  her  deten- 
tion in  had^.  As,  however,  she  had 
eaten  pomegranate  seeds,  her  return  waa 
impossible. 

Low  ho^  tha  dMk  Ufif  o«  Mi  lhroa»- 
**  I  fwra  Mr  of  poMni  aaala  aaada  ** .  ,  . 
And  chaat  tfa«  nalda  of  Bum  •Un— 
^O  fetaftd  flcnrcr  bMMo  Um  rOT^ 
IkadaflodU.thediAidiL''    <8m  etArfqaiLl 
Joan  Intalow,  ^araiyAeiM, 

Pompey,  a  down :  servant  to  Mrs. 
Overdone  (a  bawd). — Shakespeare^  Math 
aurefor  Meaaura  (1600). 

Pompey  the  Great  was  killed  by 
Achillas  and  Septindas,  the  moment  the 
Egyptian  fishing-boat  reached  the  eoasi. 
Plutarch  tells  us  they  threw  his  head  into 
the  sea.  Others  sav  his  head  was  seat 
to  CiBsar.  who  turned  from  it  with  horror, 
and  shed  a  flood  of  tears.  Shakespeare 
makes  him  killed  by  '*  savage  islanoert** 
(2  Henry  VI,  act  iv.  sc.  1,  1598). 

Pompilla,  a  foundling,  the  putative 
daughter  of  Pietro  (2  auL).  She  married 
count  Guido  Francesdiini,  who  trtated 
her  BO  brutally  that  she  made  her  escape 
Wider  the  protection  of  a  young  priest 
Baned  Caponsacchi.  Pompilia  subse- 
quently gave  birth  to  a  von,  bat  wea  slaifi 
by  her  husband. 

Ika  halM  kMl  boon  a  flad  rika  SHlhlMait.  rfr, 

CtUtk  from  the  kennd.    Tliere  was  found  at  tUmtt, 

Down  in  ttie  dwpeit  of  oar  ■odal  dwaa. 

A  wwaaw  wbo  praiMud  the  vanten's  Uada  .  .  « 

Mm  Mid  thif  babe  eight  months  beCon  tto  bfarta 

To  oar  Vlolaiite  (S  jyf.).  Metro'i  lienett  f  ooaet  .  •  • 

Partly  to  pkBN  eld  rietrok 

Partlr  to  cheat  the  rfghtftil  hein.  a«ip<» 

Por  tiiat  MMe  Fftndpal  of  the  owftue^ 

It  vexed  faint  he  muet  die  and  leave  behind. 

R.  Browainc  Tk»  Mug  and  th«  gook,  B.  SST.  •••. 

Ponoe  de  I«doiL,  the  navigator  who 
went  in  search  of  the  rontaine  da  Jwneenoa^ 
**  cui  fit  rajovenir  la  gent."  He  sailed  in 
two  shi^  on  this  **  voyage  of  discoveries," 
in  the  sixteenth  century. 

Uke  Ponee  de  Uon.  he  wants  to  #0  off  ta  the  Aati> 
podte  In  search  of  that  FouuU***  d«  Jouttf^o*  whkb 
was  Cabled  to  i^va  a  man  bacic  his  ntuih.— I'ira.  ISO. 

Pond  of  the  Prophet  (77u;),  a 
well  of  life,  from  which  all  the  blessed 


PONENT  WIND. 


784 


POPS-FIOS. 


will  drink  before  they  enter  pandise. 
The  water  is  whiter  than  milk,  and  more 
fragrant  than  muik. 

Po'nent  Wind  ( The),  the  west  wind, 
or  wind  from  the  sunset.  Lev'ant  is  the 
east  wind,  or  wind  from  the  sunrise. 

r«rtki 


ith»Lt*MitaB 

Pongo^a  cross  between  "a  land-Uger 
and  a  sea-shark."  This  terrible  monster 
devastated  Sicily,  bat  was  slain  by  the 
three  sons  of  SL  George.— R.  Johnson, 
Thff  Seven  CMampiont,  etc  (1617). 

Ponoo'rateB  (4  sy/.),  the  tntor  of 
Gargantna.— Rabehus,  OargaiUmi  (1588). 

Pons  Aflllu/runL  ("the  aeteif 
bridge"),  the  fifth  proposition  bk.  i. 
of  Kaclid*8  Eiementsy  too  difficult  for 
**  asset  **  or  stnpid  boys  to  get  over. 

Pontiiui  Pilate's  Body-Quard, 

the  1st  Foot  Regiment.  In  Picardy  the 
French  officers  wanted  to  make  out  that 
they  were  the  seniors,  and,  to  carry  their 
point,  vaonted  that  they  were  on  duty 
on  the  night  of  the  Crucifixion.  The 
colonel  of  the  1st  Foot  replied,  *<  If  we 
had  been  on  guard,  we  should  not  have 
•Icpt  at  our  posu  **  (see  Mait,  xxviiL  18). 

Pontoys  (Stephen),  a  veteran  in  sir 
Hugo  de  Lacy's  troop. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
The  BetrgtfiU(timt,  Henry  II.). 

P6ny     (Mr.     Qarlande),    Whisker 

Poole  (1  ty^)i  in  Dorsetshire ;  once 
"a  young  and  lustjr  sea-born  lass,** 
courted  by  ^reat  Albion,  who  had  by 
her  three  children,  Brunksey,  Fursey, 
and  [St.]  Hcllen.  Thetis  was  indignant 
that  one  of  her  virgin  train  should  be 
guiltv  of  such  indiscretion ;  and,  to  pro- 
tect nis  children  from  her  fury,  Albion 
placed  them  in  the  bosom  of  Poole,  and 
then  threw  his  arms  around  them. — ^M. 
Drayton,  Poiyoibion,  ii.  (1612). 

Poor  (Father  of  the),  Bernard  Gilpin 
(1517-1583). 

Poor  Gtontleman  (2^),  a  comedy 
by  George  Golman  the  vounger  (1802). 
**The  poor  gentleman  is  lieutenant 
Worthington,  discharged  from  the  army 
on  half-pay,  because  his  arm  had  been 
crushed  by  a  shell  in  storming  Gibraltar. 
On  bis  hiUf-pay  he  hod  to  support  him- 
■elf,  his  daughter  Emily,  an  old  corporal, 
and  a  maiden  sister-in-law.  Having  put 
his  name  to  a  bill  for  £600,  his  fnend 


died  without  efTecUM  an  insnaaee,  and 
the  lieutenant  was  culed  upon  for  pay. 
ment.  Imprisonment  would  have  fol- 
lowed if  sir  Robert  Bramble  had  not 
most  generously  paid  the  money.  With 
this  piece  of  gooci  fortune  came  another — 
the  marriage  of  his  dau^ter  Emily  to 
Fredenck  Bramble,  nephew  and  heir  of 
the  rich  baronet. 

Poor  John,  a  hake  dried  and  salted. 

Tit  Will  thm  art  Mt  Irfi :  if  thm  faaiil  {Umtl  ihaa 
•dL  icKUST). 

Poor  Bichard,  the  poendonym  of 
Benjamin  Franklin,  under  whidi  he 
issued  a  series  of  almanacs,  which  he 
made  the  medium  of  teaching  tlnift, 
temperance,  order,  cleanliness,  chastity, 
forgiveness,  and  so  on.  The  maxims  or 
precepts  of  these  almanacs  generally  end 
with  the  words,  *'  as  poor  fiadkaid  says  ** 
(begun  in  1782). 

Poor  Bobin,  the  peeodonym  «f 
Robert  Herrick  the  poet,  under  which  he 
issued  a  aeries  of  almanara  (began  in 
1661). 

Poor  as  lAsams,  that  is,  the  beg- 
gar Lasarus,  in  the  panhle  of  Div€t  and 
Lazarus  (Luke  xvi.  19-31). 

"^OV^  (To  drinklike  a).  BcnedictXH. 
was  an  enormous  eater,  and  such  a  h«M 
wine-drinker  that  he  gave  rise  to  the 
Bacchanalian  expcession,  Biheumu  papa^ 
liter. 

Tope  Changing  His  Kazne.  PMer 

Hogsmouth,  or,  as  he  is  sometimes  called, 
Peter  di  Porca,  was  the  first  pope  to 
change  his  name.  He  called  himaetf 
Sergius  II.  (844-847).  Some  say  he 
thought  it  arrogant  to  be  called  Peter  U. 

Pope-Fig-lands,  protestant  conn- 
tries.  The  Gaillardets,  oeing  shown  the 
pope'f  image,  said,  **  A  fir  for  the  pope ! " 
whereupon  their  whole  iuand  waa  pul  to 
the  sword,  and  the  name  changed  to 
Pope-fig-land,  the  people  being  called 
"Pope-figs."— Rabelais,  Fantaffinel,  iv. 
45  (1545). 

The  ailusion  is  to  the  kingdom  of 
Navarre,  once  protestant;  tmt  in  1519 
it  was  subjected  to  Ferdinand  the  Catho- 
lic. 


Pope-Figs,  protestants.    The 
was  given  to  the  Gaillardets,  for  saying 
<*  A  fig  for  the  pope!" 


TlMgr  ««r»  niMt*  tvtbuUrlM  aai  itovM  to  tte 
far  vylDi;  *«  A  •§  ior  tlH  pppi^  tei«i  r  Mii  I 


•flar 


POPE  JOAN. 


785 


POPISH  PLOT. 


Iht^ma 


hi  pnnlsluneat  of 


dUtto  poor 

vao  at  their  doorit 

ilur— .  I^wilno.  mad  aB  — innor  of 

|b«  dn  «r  thoir  forefathon.— 

4ft(lMS)t. 


Pope  Joan,  between  Leo  lY.  and 
BenecQet  IlL,  and  caUed  John  [YIIL]. 
The  subject  of  this  scmndalons  story  was 
an  English  girl,  educated  at  Cologne, 
who  Id^t  her  home  in  man*s  disguise 
with  her  lover  (the  monk  Folda),  and 
went  to  Athens,  where  she  studied  law. 
She  wMit  to  Rome  and  studied  theology, 
earning  so  great  a  reputation  that,  at  the 
death  of  Leo  IV.,  she  was  diosen  his 
Micceesor.  Her  sex  was  discovered  by 
the  birth  of  a  child  while  she  was  going 
to  the  Lateran  Basilica,  between  the 
Coliseum  and  the  churdi  of  St.  Cle- 
ment. Pope  Joan  died,  and  was  buried, 
without  h<»ours,  after  a  pontificate  of 
two  years  and  five  months  (868-866). — 
Harianus  Scotus  (who  died  1086). 

The  story  is  given  most  folly  by 
Martinus  Polonus,  confessor  to  Gregory 
X.,  and  the  tale  was  generally  believMl 
till  the  Reformation.  There  is  a  German 
miracIe-pIay  on  the  subject,  called  The 
Canonization  of  Pope  Joan  (1480).  David 
Blondel,  a  Cahrinist  divine,  has  written  a 
book  to  confute  the  tale. 

The  following  note  contains  the  chief 
points  of  interest : — 

Anattasius  the  librarian,  is  the  first  to 
mention  sudi  a  pope,  a.d.  886,  or  thirty 
years  after  the  dtm  of  Joan. 

Marianus  Scotus,  in  his  ChronicUj  says 
■he  reigned  two  years  five  months  and 
four  days  (863-855).    Scotus  died  1086. 

Sigebert  de  Gemblours,  in  his  Chromdef 
repeats  the  same  story  (1112). 

Otto  of  Freisingen  and  Gotfrid  of  Yi- 
tcrbo  both  mention  her  in  their  histories. 

Martin  Polonus  gives  a  very  full  ao- 
eonnt  of  the  matter.  He  says  she  went 
by  the  name  of  J<^n  Angfus,  and  was 
bom  at  Mets,  of  English  parents.  While 
she  was  pope,  she  was  prematurely  de- 
livered of  a  ehild  in  the  street  **  between 
tiie  Coliaenm  and  St.  Clement's  Church." 

William  Ocham  alludes  to  the  story. 

Thomas  de  Elmham  repeats  it  (1422). 

John  Huss  tells  us  her  baptismal  name 
waa  not  Joan  but  Agnes. 

Others  insist  that  her  name  was  (3il- 
berta. 

In  the  Amnaiit  Augustam  (1185),  we 
are  told  her  papal  name  was  John  YlII.. 
and  that  she  it  was  who  consecrated 
Louis  II.  of  France. 

Argttuients  in  favour  of  the  allegation 
•*e  ^ves  by  Spanheim,  ExerdL  de  Fapa  \ 


F^smmAf  ii.  577  ;  in  Lenfant,  Hittoire  de 
la  Papesee  Jeanne, 

Arguments  against  the  all^^tion  are 
given  by  Allatius  or  AlUtus,  Confutatio 
FabulcB  de  Johanna  Papisea;  and  in 
Lequien,  Orient  ChrisUamu^  iii.  777. 

Ar^ments  on  both  sides  are  given  in 
Cnnnmgham's  translation  of  ueiaeUr^ 
Lehrbuch,  iu  21,  22 ;  and  in  U  Bayle's 
Dictionnaire^  iii.,  art.  **  Pfpisse.** 

*«*  Gibbon  says,  **Two  protestants, 
Blondel  and  Bayle,  have  anninilated  the 
female  pope ;  but  the  exfwession  is  cer- 
tainly too  strong,  and  even  Mosheim  is 
more  than  half  inclined  to  believe  then 
really  was  such  a  person." 

Pope  of  Philosophy,  Aristotle 
(B.C.  %4-822). 

Popes  {TiUee  attumed  by).  "Uni- 
versal Bishop,"  prior  to  Gregory  the 
Great.  Gregory  the  Great  adopted  the 
style  of  **  Ser\'us  Servorum  "  (591). 

Martin  lY.  was  addressed  as  '*the 
lamb  of  God  which  takest  away  the  sins 
of  the  world,"  to  which  was  added, 
<*  Grant  us  thy  peace ! "  (1281). 

Leo  X.  was  styled,  by  the  council  of 
Lateran,  "  Divine  Majesty,"  **  Husband 
of  the  Church," "Prince  of  the  Apostles," 
"The  Key  of  all  the  Universe,"  "The 
Pastor,  the  Physician,  and  a  God  pos- 
sessed of  all  power  both  in  heaven  and 
on  earth"  (1518). 

Paul  Y.  styled  himself  "Monarch  of 
Christendom,'^  "  Supporter  of  the  Papal 
Omnipotence,"  "  Yice-God,"  "  Urd  God 
the  Pope"  (1606). 

Others,  after  Paul,  "Master  of  the 
World,"  "Pope  the  Universal  Father," 
"Judge  in  the  place  of  God,"  "Yice- 
gerent  of  the  Most  High."— Brady,  Cktvit 
Calendaria,  247  (1839). 


niribaSbat  alM  •*«  tamporal  aAOn^  rtjiinf 
*'u«m1  of  die Citludk or  UalvorMi Church.  Sola  ArMtar 
oTUa  MshMiaai  So««r«l«i  FWhar  of  aU  tha  Einsi  of 
tbaSarth."  From  Uiaai  iMlai.  ha  waan a  trtolo  crDwn, 
oua  ashlch|Mlcat.oiieaaain|iaror,  andthathfrdaaklnc. 
He  alao  baan  kajra.  to  danota  hii  pi1vtla«a  oT  opoah« 
the  •atoaar  ha«v«B  to  an  una  bellavara.— Bn4r*  SM-1- 


*«*  For  the  first  five  centuries  the 
bishops  of  Rome  wore  a  bonnet,  like 
other  ecclesiastics.  Pope  Uormisdas 
placed  on  his  bonnet  the  crown  sent  him 
by  Clovis;  Boniface  YIIL  added  a 
second  crown  during  his  struflnrles  with 
Philip  the  Fair;  and  John  AJUL  as- 
sumed the  third  crown. 

Popish  Plot,  a  supposed  Roman 
Cathohc  conspiracy  to  massacre  the  pro- 
testants, bum  London,  and  murder  the 

8  B 


FOPFT. 


PQBTU. 


Unc  (Ch«k»  lU.   ThitfletiM 
eocted  by  one  Tmis  Oatet,  who 
**  good  Millie  "by  his  KfaeaiM;  b«t  being 
MX  iMt  found  01^  WM  pilloried,  whipped, 
a^  impriMoed  (1678-0). 

Poppv  (iV«if),  a  proty  old  anecdote- 
teller,  with  a  manreUoue  tendeney  to 
digreMion. 

Nad  knew  tmrntOr  ^>*Mt  pwHw  ted  for 
In  what  ditch  Ut( 


•Dttet  IM 


te#lMnB  fand  kit  ipiwB* 
oTtt  «M  WllHini    tfrtwl  •  ten,  .  .  . 
■oc  to  tte  Mid  of  kb  tdn— Bkterd 


Porch  (The),  The  Stoics  were  so 
called,  because  their  foonder  gave  his 
lectures  in  the  Athenian  ttoa  or  porch 
called  «  PoB'cilfi.'* 


tte  Porch,  tte  Qwdan.— I 

George  Herbert  has  a  poem  called 
The  Ciiureh  Porch  (six-line  stanzas).  It 
may  be  considered  introductonr  to  his 
poem  entitled  The  Church  (Bapphic  Tone 
and  sondiy  other  metres). 

Porduik  son  of  Cato  of  Utica  (in 
Africa),  and  brother  of  Marcus.  Both 
brothers  were  in  love  with  Lucia:  but 
the  hot-headed,  impulsive  Marcus,  being 
shun  in  battle,  the  sage  and  temperate 
Poreius  was  without  a  rivaL — J.  Addi- 
son, Caio  (1713). 

WkRi  aMridui  raprodoMd  Oattt  WIftfl.  «te  mM 
''PofrtM,"  omitted  ttMprolafu*.  and  bagui  at  Ofioe  with 
iM  IkiMt  **1te  davB  iiair«icMt»  tte  monring  towwra . 


**Tte  jtvokignil  tte  prologue! 
aiidW^pMU  vwftoa  lattea 
kbi 


I  tMM^  ■■  U  oonthMdns 


A  prolofM  iiMikaii  to  thk  pkiy  for  [ 
Aim!  hoavUjr  on  doudi  brngi  on  tte  dar, 
Tte  ircnt,  th'  important  diqr.  kit  «*th  tk 
OrCaioaadof  BfOBo. 

JTbrorjr  4f  (te  SMfiu 

Porcupine  (Peier),  William  Cob* 
bett,  the  politician,  published  The  Jiuih- 
light  under  this  pseuoonym  in  1800, 

POmei'liS  («  sy'.),  Fomieation  per- 
sonified ;  one  of  the  four  sons  of  Anag'- 
Bus  {mchastity)f  his  brothers  being 
Ma'chns  {aduitery),  Acath'arus,  and  Asel - 
g^  (laacwioumnees).  He  began  the  battle 
of  Mansoul  by  encountering  Parthen'ia 
{maideniy  chastity),  but  **the  martial 
maid  **  slew  him  with  her  spear.  (Greek, 
pomeiOf  "fornication.**) 


biBMMikisJof :  Mm kr a oNdddeflad. 
Hk  Hfi  te  km  and  aU  his  fonnar  pfido. 
with  woman  wouU  te  Ura,  nuw  by  a  woman  died. 
"  ~     '  r.  rte  Fmrph  J^mkO,  xl.  (ISISK 


PorphTTlus,  in  Dryden*s  drama  of 

2\/r(nmto  Looe, 

'  of  Maxknln.  terkv  kJlad  tevMV  for 
I  on  one  occasion  teing  carriad 
te  itarted  ap  and  teaad  one  oi 
,«Vteflokfani 


tte  feve  of  Porpkjrrfum  wae  « 
affkjrtte  kpren,  when  tte 
ll»  h«Hn  d*  tte  eaob  «via 


HeUlanraaand.fandi 
iMi  la  rim  and  «aik  tte 

w.a^     "  ~ 


Poiphyro-GenitiiB  ("bom  m  iht 
Porphyra  ^),  the  title  given  to  the  kings 
of  the  Eastern  empire,  fitwa  the  apart- 
ments called  Porphyra,  set  apart  for  tba 
empwiscs  daring  coaAiieaieDt. 


**Poiphynfc' 
erite  rerphyfo  tnhl  tame  Into  tte 


Porraz,  yeanger  son  of  Gorbodne  a 
legendary  kingof  Britain.  He  drove  his 
elder  brother  r^rmx  from  the  kingdom, 
and,  when  Ferrex  returned  with  a  huge 
army,  defeated  aad  slew  him.  POrrez 
was  arardeted  while  *'slamberiaf  oq  hia 
careful  bed,*'  by  his  own  awther,  who 
"  stabbed  him  to  the  heart  wi^  a  kBife.** 
—Thomas  Norton  aad  Thomas  SadnriUe, 
OorMhie  (a  tia«edy,  lMl-2). 

Por'sena^  a  legendary  king  of 
Etmria,  who  made  war  on  Rome  to  re- 
store Tarquin  to  the  throne. 

Lord  Macaulay  has  made  this  the  sab- 
jeet  of  one  of  has  Zayt  of  Andent  Borne 
(1842). 

Porfaxnoiir,  Oipid*s  dieriCs  afllecr, 
who  summoned  offending  loven  to 
**  Love's  Judgment  Hall."— Spenser, 
Fa£ry  Queen,  vL  7  (1596). 

Porteous  (Captain  Johm),  an  officer 
of  the  citv  guard.  He  is  hanged  by  the 
mob  (1786). 

Mrs.  PorteouSf  wife  of  the  captain. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Beetrt  of  MuUothitm 
(time,  (Seoige  II.)« 

PortiA^thewif^of  Pontfus  Pilate. 

Portia,  wife  of  Maicns  Brntva, 
Valerius  Maximus  says:  ^She,  being 
determined  to  kill  henelf,  took  hot 
burning  coals  into  her  aMutbi  and  kept 
her  lips  elosed  till  she  waa  suffocated  by 
the  smoke.** 

WMk  adi  *e  (/MMa)  Ml  diUMi^ 
ker  atleudanta  akeent.  iwauowed  flia. 

,  JwUms  Oaeor,  act  Ir.  m.  S  (UITI. 


Por'tia,  a  rich  heiress,  in  love  with 
Bassa'nlo ;  but  her  choice  of  a  husband 
was.  restricted  by  her  father*8  will  to  the 
following  condition :  Her  suitors  were  to 
select  from  three  caskets,  one  of  gold, 
one  of  silver,  and  one  of  lead,  and  he 
who  selected  the  casket  which  contained 
Portia's  picture  was  to  claim  her  as  hia 
wife.  Bassanio  chose  the  lead,  aad  beine 
saooessf  ttl,  became  the  espoused  husbaod. 
Jt  so  happened  that  Bassanio  had  bor^ 


POBTLANP  FLAGS. 


787 


POTT. 


rowed  8000  ducaU,  aad  AntboMo,  • 
Teuetian  merchant,  was  his  secuiitv. 
The  money  was  borrowed  of  Shy  lock  a 
Jew,  on  these  conditions:  If  the  loan 
was  repaid  within  three  months,  only  the 
nrincipial  would  be  requited ;  if  not,  the 
Jew  should  be  at  liberty  to  claim  a  pound 
of  flesh  from  Anthonio  s  body.  The  loan 
was  not  repaid,  and  the  Jew  demsnded 
the  forfeiture.  Portia,  in  the  dress  of  a 
law  doctor,  conducted  the  defence,  and 
saved  Aatlionio  l^  reminding  the  Jew 
that  a  pound  of  jIssa  gave  ham  no  drop  of 
blood,  and  that  be  must  cut  neither  more 
nor  less  than  an  exact  pound,  otherwise 
his  life  would  be  forfeit.  As  it  would 
be  plainly  impossible  to  fulfil  these 
conditions,  the  Jew  gave  up  has  claim, 
and  Anthonio  was  saved. — Shakespeare, 
MerckatU  of  Vemoe  (1598). 

PorUaadFlaoe  (London).  Socalled 
from  William  Bentick,  second  duke  of 
Poiilaad,  who  married  Margaret,  only 
child  of  Edward  second  earl  of  Oxford 
and  Mortimer.  From  these  came  Mar- 
met  Street,  Bentick  Street,  Duke  Street, 
Duchess  Street,  and  Portland  Phuse. 

Fortman  Souare  (London).     So 

called  from  Wiuiam  Henry  Portman, 
owner  of  the  estate  in  which  the  Square 
and  Orchard  Street  both  stand. 

Portsmouth  (The  duchess  of),**lM 
Belle  Louise  de  Querouaille.**  one  of  the 
mistresses  of  (Carles  II. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
FmterU  of  ike  Feak  (time,  Charles  IL). 

Nunez 


Portngraeae    Cid    {Tkt\ 
Alvaies  Pieieira  (1360-1431). 

Portuguese  Horace  (7!^),  An- 
tonio Ferreira  (1528-15C9). 

PoMont,  quia  Posse  Videntur. 

Fail  not  to  will,  and  you  will  not  fail. — 
Viigil,  J&iad;  V.  281. 

Posthu'mus  [LbohItits]  married 
Imogen,  daughter  of  C}'mbeline  king  of 
Britain,  and  was  banished  the  kingdom  for 
life.  He  went  to  Italy,  and  there,  in  the 
hbuse  of  Phiiario,  bet  a  diamond  ring  with 
laefaimo  that  nothing  could  seduce  the 
fideKty^  of  Imogen.  lachimo  accepted  the 
bet,  concealed  himself  in  a  chest  in  Imo- 
gen's chamber,  madehimself  master  of  cer- 
tain details  and  also  of  a  bracelet,  and  with 
these  vondiers  clainied  the  ring.  Post- 
hOmns  now  ordered  his  servant  Pisanio 
to  inveigle  Imogen  to  Milford  Haven 
under  the  promise  of  meeting  her  huslMuid, 
and  to  murder  her  on  the  road ;  but 
Piaanio   told   Imogen  to  assume  boy*s 


apparel,  and  enter  the  aer^iea  of  the 
Roman  general  in  Britain,  as  a  page.  A 
battle  being  fought,  the  Roman  general, 
lachimo,  and  Imogen  were  among  the 
captives ;  and  Posuiumos,  having  done 
great  service  in  the  battle  on  Cymbeline's 
behalf,  was  pardoned.  The  Roman 
general  piayed  that  the  supposed  page 
might  be  set  at  libetty,  and  the  king  t«>ld 
her  she  might  also  claim  a  boon,  where- 
upon she  wed  that  lachimo  should  state 
how  he  became  possessed  of  the  ring  he 
was  wearing.  The  whole  villainy  being 
thus  exposed,  Imogen's  inaooenoe  was 
fully  established,  and  she  was  re-united 
to  her  husband, — Shakespesm,  CymUlim 
(1606). 

Potage  (/mh),  the  French  *<Jack 
Pudding ;  **  similar  to  the  Italian  **  Maca- 
roni "  the  Dutch  "  Pickd-herringe,-  and 
the  German  **  Hanswurat."  (Clumsy,  sor- 
mandising  clewna,  fond  ef  praetieal  jcJiee. 
espeeially  such  at  ftealhig  ia<ebln  mmI 
drinkables. 

Pother  {Doctor),  an  apothecary, 
*<  city  register,  and  walking  story-book.*' 
He  had  a  story  a  propos  of  every  remark 
made  and  of  every  incident;  but  as  he 
mixed  two  er  three  together,  his  stories 
were  pointless  and  qwte  uninteHigible. 
"  I  know  a  monstrous  good  stocy  on  that 
point.  He!  he!  he!"  "PU  teU  you  a 
famous  good  story  about  that,  you  must 
know.  He !  he  I  he !  ...  "  •<  I  could 
have  told  a  capital  story,  but  tiiere  was 
no  one  to  listen  te  it.  He!  he!  he!** 
This  is  the  style  of  his  fthsttflrii^ .  .  . 
"  speaking  professionally — for  anatomy, 
chemistrv,  pharmacy,  phlebotomy,  oxy- 
gen, hydrogen,  caloric,  carbonic,  atmoa* 
pheric, galvanic  Hal  ha!  ha!  Can  tell 
you  a  prodigiously  laughaUe  story  on 
the  subject.  Went  last  summer  to  a 
watering-place— ladv  of  fashion— feel 
pulse — not  lady,  but  lap-dog—talk  Latin — 
prescribe  gal vanism— out  jump^  Ponipey 
plump  into  a  batter  pudding,  and  lay 
iikeatoadin  a  hole.  Ha!  ha!  ha!"— 
Dibdin,  The  Farmer^s  Wife  (1780). 

*«*  O>lman*s'*Olhkpod'^'(1802)wasevi- 
dently  copied  from  Dibdin's  *' doctor 
Pother." 

Potiphar's  Wife,  Zoleikha  or 
Zuleika ;  but  some  call  her  RalL — Sale, 
Al  KordHy  xii.  note. 

Pott  (i^r.),  the  librarian  at  the  Spa. 

Mrs.  Fott,  the  Ubrarian's  wife.— Sir 
W.  Scott,  St,  MoMuCi  WsU  (tame,  iieorge 
111.),  * 


] 


POTTERIES. 


788 


PBASILDO. 


Pounoe  (Mr.  Peter),  in  The  AS- 
w»/«n»  of  Jo9epk  Atubwt,  by  Fielding 

Poundtezt  (PeUr),  ao  "  indolgcd 
Pjirtor  in  the  covenanten'  •rray.—Sir 
W.  Scott,  Old  Mortaiity  (time,  Chaile* 

Potiroeaiignae  [Poor^^ttme-yakl,  the 
b«ro  of  a  comedy  so  called.  He  is  a 
Poropwii  country  gentleman,  who  comes 
to^ii  to  many  JuUe,  daughter  of 
Oronte  (2  syL);  but  JnUe  lores  Eraste 
(2  sy/.),  and  this  young  man  plays  off  so 
mwjy^  tricks,  and  devises  so  many 
mystifications  upon  M.  de  Poureeang- 

Moaere,  M,  dc  Pouroeaugnac  (1660). 

*i^^  .?*^»  **"«  "»««»  o<  doing. 
Archimedes  said,  "Gireme  wm  $to  /*a 
pU^to  stand  on'),  and  I  oouldmove  the 

iMr  "WW  ih«  •SmT**  *********  ■*■**■■*• 

PoUMin     (7%<f     ^ntisA),     Richard 
Cooper  (♦-1806). 

.^^;t^*f>iji0<upar).    So  Caspar  Dughct, 
the  French  painter,  is  called  (1618-1676). 

M^?y^^  S^^^'  ^^  pseudonym  of 
Mrs.  Richard  Kathbone. 

««^^^®*^  i^f?,'^)»  **>«  oW  sexton 
in  DouKUs.--Sir  W.  Soott,  CcuUe  Dan. 
genmt  (time,  Henry  l^. 

Poyning»s  JLaw,  a  statute  to 
«*f'**»h^e  English  jurisdiction  in 
Ireland.  The  pariiament  that  passed  it 
was  summon^  in  the  reign  of  Henry 

Vl^rum:'^  ^^^^'^^  ^^-»- 

P.  P^/*  Clerk  of  the  Parish,"  the 
feigned  signature  of  Dr.  Arbuthnot. 
subscribed  to  a  volume  of  Mcmoin  in 
ridicule  of  Burnet's  Jii$UnTf  of  My  Own 


Pra«natio  Sanction.  The  word 
proiimdhcu*  means  "wlaUng  to  State 
•irairs,  and  the  word  sanctio  means  **  an 
ordinance  ''or  "  decree."  The  four  most 
famous  statutes  so  called  are : 
i^hJ^  /^raj^»w/ic  Sanction  of  8t,  LouU 
(1268),  which  forbade  tiie  couVt  of  R^ 
to  levy  taxes  or  coUect  subscriptions  in 


France  witiioat  tihe  expseas  pennisMo  of 
the  king.  It  also  gave  permiasion  ia 
certaw  cases  of  French  sabjecU  appeal- 
ing  from  the  ecclesiastical  to  the  tiyil 
courts  of  the  realm. 

2.  The  Pnumatie  Sotnciion  of  Bomraea, 
pMsed  by  Qiarlea  Vll.  of  France^ 
1438.  By  this  ordinance,  the  power  of 
me  pope  ui  France  was  limited  and 
defined.  The  authority  of  the  National 
Council  was  declared  superior  to  that  of 
tte  pope.  The  French  deigy  were  for- 
bidden to  appeal  to  Rome  on  any  point 
affecting  the  secular  condition  of  the 
nation;  and  the  Roman  pontiff  waa 
wholly  forbidden  to  apptopruto  to  him- 
self sny  vacant  living,  or  to  appoint  to 
any  bidiopnc  or  parish  church  in  France. 

8.  3V   Proifmaiie   Sanction  of  kaiter 

^^  7h  ""f  ^«"»»«V  (m  iri3),  which 
settled  the  empire  on  hia  daaghter  tha 
archduchess  Maria  Theresa,  wife  of 
I'ran90is  de  Loraine.  Maria  Theresa 
•fcended  the  throne  in  174a  and  a 
European  war  was  the  result. 
r,t*  ^^-''^^'V'Ww  Sancton  of  OioHf 
in.  of  Spam  (1767).  This  wii  to  sun- 
press  the  Jesuits  of  Spain. 

What  is  meant  emphatically  by  Th€ 
Proijmatic  Sanction  is  the  third  of  these 
ordipances,  viz.,  settling  the  line  of  suc- 
cession in  Germany  on  the  house  of 
Austria. 


L4U 


186  Undeserved. 


k  •cBndal  n  «« 


.  Pwmnian  lOxtuPB  {The),  any 
mtoxwating  draught ;  so  called  from  tlie 
Iramnian  grape,  from  which  it  was 
made.  Circfi  gave  Ulysses  "Pramnian 
wme  impregnated  with  drugs,  in  order 
to  prevent  his  escape  from  the  island. 


And  fw  a^  drink  |H«BHraa 

Inpngwrtliif  (on  m/  deMnietion  iMm) 
Witfi  BOkloui  iMTte  tli«  ilr—iln 

Hu««.  CMiMMy.  K.  fOowpefHliMjL 

Pi»aildo,  a  Babvlonish  nobleman, 
who  fells  in  love  with  Tisbi'na  wife  of 
his  f nend  Iroldo.  He  is  overiieaid  by 
Tisbina  threatening  to  kiU  himselL  and. 
in  order  to  divert  him  from  his  guilty 
passion,  she  promises  to  return  his  lore 
on  condition  of  his  performing  certain 
adventures  which  she  thinks  to  be  im- 
possible. However,  PrasUdo  performs 
them  all,  and  then  Tisbina  and  Iroldo. 
flndiAg  no  excuse,  take  poison  to  avoid 
the  alternative.  PrasUdo  resolves  to  do 
the  same,  but  is  told  by  the  apothecary 
that  the  "  poison  "  he  had  supplied  wa« 
a   harmless    drink.     Prasildo  tells   his 


PRASUTAGUS. 


789 


PRECOCIOUS  GENIUS. 


friend,  Ireldo  qnitfl  the  country,  and 
Tisbina  muries  Pnsildo.  Time  passes 
on,  and  PrasUdo  hears  that  his  friend*s 
life  is  in  danger,  whereupon  he  starts 
forth  to  rescue  him  at  the  hazard  of  his 
own  iife. — Bojardo,  OrUmdo  Innamorato 
(1496). 

Frasu'taffus    or    PrsBSu'ta^us, 

husband  of  Sonduica  or  BoadicCa  queen 

of   the  IcSni. — Richard  of   Cirencester, 

History^  xxx.  (fourteenth  century). 

M«.  tk«  wifc  or  rick  PraMtafD*:  OM.  Um  lover  or  Ubcrtjr.^ 
M>  tfcw  ulii*.  vA  MO  ttwy  toftowi  I 


Prate'lkst  {PH«r),  who  *«in  aU  his 
life  spake  no  word  in  waste."  His  wife 
was  Maude,  and  his  eldest  son  Sym  Sadie 
Guilder,  who  married  Betrts  (daughter  of 
Dary  Dronken  Nole  of  Kent  and  his  wife 
Al'yson).— Stephen  Hawes,  The  Passe- 
tyme  of  Fissure,  xxlx.  (1616). 

Prattle  (Mr,),  medical  practitioner, 
a  Toluble  ffossip,  who  retails  all  the  news 
and  scandal  of  the  neighbourhood.  He 
knows  erciybod^,  everybody's  affairs, 
and  evervbody's  intentions.— 4^.  Colman, 
•cnior.  The  Deuce  is  m  Him  (1762). 

"PrKTer,  Erery  Mohammedan  roust 
piar  fire  times  a  day:  at  sunset,  at 
nightfall,  at  daybreak,  at  noon,  and  at 
An  or  eTensong  (about  three  o'clock). 

Pre-Adamite  BlinffBL  SoUman 
Baad,  Soliman  Daki,  ana  Soliman  di 
Gian  ben  (vian.  The  last-named,  having 
chained  up  the  dives  (1  syl,)  in  the  dark 
caverns  of  K4f,  became  so  presumptuous 
as  to  dispute  the  Supreme  Power.  All 
these  kings  maintained  great  state  [be- 
fore the  existence  of  tluit  contemptible 
being  denominated  by  us  **  The  Father  of 
Mankind  **]  ;  but  noue  can  be  compared 
with  the  eminence  of  Soliman  ben 
Daoud. 

Pre-JLdamite  Throne  (The),  It 
w&s  Vathek*s  ambition  to  gain  the  pre- 
Adamite  throne.  After  long  search,  he 
was  shown  it  at  last  in  the  abyss  of 
Eblb;  but  being  there,  return  was  im- 
possible, and  he  remained  a  prisoner 
without  hope  for  ever. 

WwyrMrtMii  at  lw^lh6lMJI[Jfyo>i»)offw«t«rtwH. 
•■d  eotwd  with  A  lo^rdoMM. ...  AtaMrad  gloom  pvo* 
IL     Han.  apoB  tiro  bail  oT  laeomi|>able 


r.  Uf  rocumbMit  tbo  SHhiMi  flanm  oT    tho  pr«> 
■ito  Ungi^  wbo  tei  onoo  boon  nonarata  of  Um 


At  tkdr  iKt  v«f«  Ifwaibod  tho  ovoata 
Sm;  their  power,  their  pride,  end  their 

MMm  4^  Ske  mUph  r«lML>~W.  Baekfvd.  VmtMt 

{TU)f  Solomon,  the  son  of 


David,  author  of  The  Prwcher  (i.e.  Eo- 

oiesiastea), 

ThMMithUiePraMher.  "  Nongbt  beoenth  Uie  urn 
b  new ; "  jet  stlU  tnm  duuifB  to  chaosa  we  ran. 

^rcNi. 

Preacher  (The  Glorious),  St.  Chrys'os- 
toro  (347-407).  The  name  means  **  Golden 
mouth." 

Preacher  (The  Little),  Samuel  de  Ma- 
rets,  protestant  controversialist  (1599- 
1663). 

Preacher  (The  Unfair),  Dr.  Isaac 
Barrow  was  so  called  by  Qiarles  II., 
because  his  sermons  were  so  exhaustive 
that  they  left  nothing  more  to  be  said  on 
the  subject,  which  was  **  unfair  '*  to  those 
who  came  after  him. 

Preachers  (The  king  of),  Louis 
Bourdaloue  (1632-1704). 

Pr6oieu8e8  Bidioulee  (Les)^  a 
comedy  by  Molibre,  in  ridicule  of  the 
*^*  pr^aeuses,^  as  they  were  styled,  form- 
ing the  coterie  of  the  Hotel  de  Rambouil- 
let  in  the  seventeenth  century.  The 
soirees  held  in  this  hotel  were  a  great 
improvement  on  the  licentious  assemblies 
of  the  period  ;  but  many  imitators  made 
the  thing  ridiculous,  because  they  wanted 
the  same  presidinc^  talent  and  good  taste. 

The  two  girls  of  Moli^re*8  comedy  are 
Madelon  and  Cathos,  the  daughter  and 
niece  of  Gorgibus  a  bou^ois.  They 
change  their  names  to  Polixtoe  and 
Aminte,  which  they  think  more  genteel, 
and  look  on  the  a£Fectations  of  two  flunkies 
as  far  more  distinguis  than  the  simple 
gentlemanly  manners  of  their  masters. 
However,  uey  are  cured  of  their  folly, 
and  no  harm  comes  of  it  (1669). 

Preoioea,  the  heroine  of  Longfellow's 
Spani9k  Student,  in  love  with  Yietorian 
the  Student 

Precooiotui  Geniua. 

JouANN  Philip  Baratier,  a  (German, 
at  the  age  of  five  years,  knew  Greek, 
Latin,  ami  French,  besides  his  native 
(Serman.  At  nine  he  knew  Hebrew  and 
Chaldaic,  and  could  translate  (Serman  into 
Latin.  At  thirteen  he  could  translate 
Hebrew  into  French,  or  French  into 
Hebrew  (1721-1740). 

*«*  The  life  of  this  boy  was  written  bv 
Formey.  His  name  is  enrolled  in  all 
biographical  dictionaries. 

Chbistiax  Henuy  Hbinbckbn,  at 
one  year  old,  knew  the  chief  events  of 
the  Pentateuch !  I  at  thirteen  months  he 
knew  the  history  of  the  Old  Testament !  ! 
at  f  ourtoen  months  he  knew  the  history 


PBBSSAUS. 


of  tb«  New  TMteiMBt  1 1  si  two  and  * 
half  years  he  could  answer  any  ordinary 
question  of  history  or  seograp^y  ;  and  at 
Uiree  vears  old  knew  rrench  and  Latin 
as  well  as  his  native  German  (1721- 
1726). 

*^*  The  life  of  this  boy  was  written 
by  SchoeDeich,  his  teacher.  His  name  is 
daly  noticed  in  biographical  dictionaries. 


(''eater  of  (farlk'*),  the 

youngest  of  the  frog  chieftains. 

thea  flam  tr&oar  yoowt  Tr— im  hrtwpg 
Btwfart  Uk  foff<inM  of  wwfiiilin  Magi ; 
Lank.  bannk«froc  I  wiUi  fotcH  lumllj  ptMrn, 
Be  dMia  the  reed  tn  eombwla  not  hb  own. 
Wblck.  blntlf  tinldint  M  IkMwti^  ableM. 
■anci  nl  the  potot.  and  drafw  opon  the  Md. 
~  JMII«i/f*«/Ve«eaMl  jriee.llLlabontl71S). 


Prest,  a  nickname  given  by  Swift  to 
tile  duchess  of  Shrewsbury,  who  was  a 
foreigner. 

Prester  John,  a  corn]t>tioD  of  BehU 
Oian,  meaning  ''nrecions  stone.**  6ian 
^pronounced  zjon)  has  been  corrupted 
into  John,  and  Belul  translated  into 
"  precious ;  **  in  Latin  Johannes  prechsm 
p* precious  John**y^orrupted  into  "Pres- 
byter Joannes.**  The  kings  of  Ethiopia 
or  Abyssinia,  from  a  gemmed  ring  given 
to  queen  Saba,  whose  son  by  Solomon 
was  king  of  Ethiopia,  and  was  called 
Melech  with  the  **  precious  stone,**  or 
Melech  Oian-Beivl. 


Ahlopee 


nos  T«||o  "  Prtte  Gianni* 


prIaMNn  ert  "Beiul  dan,*'' he*  ert  to/rft 
DnctMni  eit  aotem  h«e  noaMn  ah  awanfe  aalommmit  < 
lOe  ffilo  «K  feigha^Saba.  o<  polant  penHub  4»tio 
•uova  oafiaee  povlen  lasM  neee  fuMe  ^MoribUnv.  .  •  • 
Cb«  Tero  anm  eorenant,  appellant "  Weghnt,"  Poettvow 
cwn  vaftfca  capltta  in  eoronw  umnImu  abnec^  nngltvr  a 
patrlarihn.  veeant  "Marfh."  hoe  art  mnmmt.  Bm 
aatem  ragto  dIfaltatiB  nonrina  oauiflMM  eowawinla  wuit. 
— Qootad  by  SaUen.  fran  a  little  annal  of  the  Bthk^laa 
U^i  (UM).  In  Mi  TUtm  ^  M«mmr,  ▼.  SS  (1814). 


*^*  As  this  title  was  like  the  Egyptian 
Fharaoh^  and  belonged  to  whole  Unts  of 
kings.  It  will  explain  the  enormous 
diversity  of  time  allotted  by  different 
writers  to  **  Prester  John.** 

Marco  Polo  says  that  Prester  John  was 
slain  in  battle  by  Jenghix  Khan;  and 
Gregory  Bar-Hebrsus  says,  '*€rod  forsook 
him  because  he  had  taken  to  himself  a 
wife  of  the  Zinish  nation,  called  Quara- 
khata.** 

Bishop  Jordftnus,  in  his  description  of 
the  world,  sets  down  Abyssinia  as  the 
kingdom  of  Prester  John.  Abyssinia 
used  to  be  called  **  Middle  India." 

Otto  of  Freisinffen  is  the  first  author  to 
mention  him.  Tnis  Otto  wrote  a  chro- 
nicle to  the  date  1156.  He  says  that 
Jt>hn  was  of  the  family  of  the  Magi,  and 
ruled  over  the  conntry  of  these  Wise  Men. 


Otto  tells  us  that  Praster  Join  had  <*a 
sceptre  of  emeralds.** 

Maimonides,  about  the  same  time 
(twelfth  century),  mentiona  him,  but  calls 
him  "Preste-Cuan.** 

Before  1241  a  letter  was  addresKd  br 
*' Prester  John**  to  Manuel  Onra€mn, 
emperor  of  Constantinople.  It  is  {we- 
served  in  tiie  Chromae  of  Albericus 
Trium  Fontium,  who  gives  for  its  date 
1165. 

Mandeville  calls  Prester  John  a  lineal 
descendant  of  O^er  the  Dane.  He  tella 
us  that  Ogicr,  with  fifteen  others,  pene- 
trated into  the  north  of  India,  nod 
divided  the  land  amoQ^  his  followefB. 
John  was  made  wyvefeign  of  Tentduc, 
and  was  called  "  Prester  **  becanse  be 
Converted  the  natives  to  the  ChristiaD 

Another  tradition  says  that  Prester 
John  had  seventy  kings  for  his  vassals, 
and  was  seen  by  his  subjects  only  three 
times  in  a  year. 

In  OHtfndh  FwrioeOf  Prester  Jskn  Is 
eaHed  by  his  subjects  '*  8enApm>  ktn^  ef 
Ethiopia***  He  was  blind,  and  tlioagh  the 
richest  monarch  of  the  world,  he  pined 
with  famine,  because  harpies  0ew  4>ff 
with  his  food,  by  way  of  punishment  for 
wanting  to  add  paradise  to  his  empire. 
The  plague,  says  the  poet,  was  to  cease 
**when  a  stranger  appeared  on  a  flying 
griflhi.'*  This  stmnger  was  Astolpho, 
who  drove  the  haqiies  to  Gbcjrtnsk 
Prester  John,  in  return  for  this  seivice, 
sent  100,009  Nubians  to  the  aid  ef 
Charlemagne.  Astolpho  soppKed  this 
contingent  with  horses  br  tiirawing 
stones  Into  the  air,  and  made  transport- 
ships  to  convey  them  to  Fiance  by  eastine 
leaves  into  the  sea.  After  the  death  «i 
Agramant,  the  Nubiaas  were  soit  home^ 
and  then  the  horses  became  stooes  agaiB, 
and  the  ships  became  leaves  (bks.  zvti.* 
ix.). 


Pretender  (The  Totmg)^  prince 
Charles  Edward  Stuart,  son  of  jamea 
Francis  Edward  Stuart  (called  **  The  Oid 
Pretender**).  James  Francis  was  tiie  son 
of  James  IL,  and  Charles  Edward  was 
the  king*s  grandson.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Waoeriey  (time,  George  IL). 

Charles  Edward  was  defeated  at  CnU»- 
den  in  1746,  and  escaped  to  the  Con- 
tinent. 


tolote 


PBKrmLUi. 


7fl 


>"i  i;^iJ 


The  bMrm  €ff  Gmtlm  Seward  8«a«it 
MIm  Walkingahaw. 


Pretty  man  (Prince),  in  lore  with 
Cloris.  lie  is  sometiines  *  fisherman, 
and  sometunes  a  prince. — Duke  of  Buck- 
Th4  Sehearaai  (leil). 

^«*  *'  Prince  Prettyman  "  10  said  to  be 
a  parody  on  "Leonidas"  in  Dryden*8 
Mmrioffe  a-i€i-mode, 

Pri'anitis  (Sir),  a  kaigfat  of  the 
Roond  Table.  He  petsefsed  a  phial,  f«U 
of  four  waters  that  came  from  paradise. 
These  waters  histantly  healed  any  wounds 
whidi  were  touched  by  them. 

**  My  faOm,-  tmy$  Or  Trimtm,  "li  Wnr^  ittmiHui 
'     Mdaf  Bmiov  br  rItbC  Um.    DoIm  Jom« 

Mrf  AOrika.  aftf  tiM  OM  Mm!* 
iMk  ftam  bk  page  •  fkUL  fbl  af  Shv 
•  <Miof  punilm;  •ad  wHh  certebi  balm 
I  Mr  ■iiMii.  mmA  WMhad  thMi  with  that 
I  wMiii  u  kdv  after.  UM]r  wan  biMa  «  Whole 
r  mm  «a»fc-«r  T.  MAmr,  JNttaiy  ^ 
r.  LW  ( 


Arthmr. 


(1470». 


Price  (MatOda),  a  mUler's  daaghtat ; 
a  pretty,  eoquettash  young  woman,  who 
miniei  John  Biowdie,  a  hearty  Torfc- 
ikire  e9m-fkcftor.— €.  Dickens,  mckoka 
IfkkUb^  (1888). 

Pride.  *'  Fly  pride,  says  Che  peacock,** 
proverbial  for  pride.  —  Shakespeare, 
C^med^  ofError$^  act  iv.  sc  8  (1688). 

Priit  (8ir)f  first  a  drayman,  then  a 
colonel  in  the  parliamentaiy  army. — S* 
Batler,  BmSbnu  (1668-78). 

Pride  of  Humility.  Antisthfote, 
tite  Cynic,  affected  a  very  ragged  coat ; 
but  Sodit^  said  to  him,  **  Antisthen^ 
I  can  see  yonr  vanity  peanng  throagh  the 
lK>ltt  vt  your  coat. 

Prided  Piursey  a  Tiolent  invaeion  ef 
parlfamentary  r^^rts  by  colonel  Pride,  in 
1€49.  At  the  head  of  two  regimenti  of 
soldiers,  he  surrounded  the  House  of 
Cemaions,  seised  fortv-one  of  the  mem- 
bers, and  shut  out  160  others.  None 
were  allowed  into  the  House  but  those 
most  friendly  to  Cromwell.  This  fa^ 
cad  went  by  the  name  of  "the  Rump." 

Pridwin  or  Pbiwsn,  prince  Arthur^ 
shield. 


bit 


atllNV  plMii  a  soUmi  hehMl  opoB  hb  beai.  ott  vkUb 
waaaapaMB  thaifBMaf»dnifMi:  aada«l 


'.  lx.4(U«). 


Priest  of  Hature^  sir  Isaac  Newteii 
a84»-1727>. 


the  wMe  worid.  and  Dnmban  er«7 

OBBpbeS.  nmmmmufB^rt,  L  aTMK 


MMaaiav 
iban  frttnM 


Ml 
BoBiia 


Prig»  a  knavish  beggar. — Beaumont 
and  Fletcher,  The  Beggars'  Bush  (1622). 

Prig  (Brtsey),  an  old  monthly  nurse, 
"the  frequent  pardner*'  of  Mrs.*  Gamp; 
equally  ignorant,  equally  vulgar,  equally 
selfish,  and  brutal  to  her  patients. 
hM  Mn.  Oaaip.  fllSng  bcr 


Mjrfveqaant 


■f  tha  tM|MC(^/iiil -I  vSl  oawarraafi  n  toM: 
rmvMntpanhiarbetMirPrts.'*  "W'ieh.aitertBsUia 
e  to  Sainb  GaM,  I  drink.'*  «U  Mn.  PriH.  **  vltli 


Bill.  (ISO). 

Prim'er  (Peter),  a  pedantic  country 
schoolmaster,  who  believes  himself  to  lie 
the  wisest  of  pedagogues.— Samuel  Poote, 
The  Mayor  of  Oarmit  (1768). 

Primitive  Fathers  (The),  The 
five  apostolic  fathers  contemporary  with 
the  apostles  (viz.,  Clement  of  Rome, 
Bamkfws,  Hennas,  Ignatius,  and  Poly- 
carp),  and  the  nine  following,  who  all 
lived  in  the  first  three  centuries : — Justin. 
Theo|A11us  of  Antioch,  Irenieus,  (dement 
of  Alexandria,  (Vprian  of  Uarthage, 
Ori^,  GrM^ry  "Tlianmatur'gus^*'  Dio- 
nysius  of  Alexandria,  and  Tertalhan. 

\*  For  the  "Fathers**  of  the  fourth 
and  fifth  centuries,  see  Grbkk  Cuvkch, 
Latih  Chvboh. 

Primroae  ^The  Bev,  Dr.  Charles), 
a  clergyman,  rich  in  heavenly  wisdom, 
but  poor  indeed  in  all  worldly  knowledge. 
Amiable,  charitable,  devout,  but  not  with- 
out his  literarv  vanity,  especially  on  the 
Whistonian  theory  about  second  mar- 
ria^.  One  admires  his  virtuous  indig- 
nation against  the  "washes,**  which  he 
deliberately  demolished  with  the  poker. 
In  his  prosperity,  his  chief  "  adventures 
were  by  the  firesuie,  and  all  his  mlgntions 
were  from  the  blue  bed  to  the  brvwa.** 

Mrs.  [Doborah]  Primnee,  the  doctor's 
wife,  full  of  motherly  vanity,  and  desirous 
to  appear  genieel.  She  eould  read  with- 
out much  spelling,  prided  herself  on  her 
housewifery,  especially  on  her  gooseberry 
wine,  and  was  really  proud  of  her  ex- 
cellent husband. 

(She  was  painted  as  "Venus,**  and  the 
vicar,  in  gown  and  bands,  was  presenting 
to  her  his  book  on  "  second  marriages, 
but  when  complete  tiie  picture  was  Umnd 
to  be  too  large  for  the  house.) 

George  Primrose,  son  of  the  vicar.  He 
went  to  Amsterdam  to  teach  the  Dutch 
English,  but  never  once  called  to  mind 
thu  he  himself  must  know  somethingof 
Dutch  before  this  could  be  done.    Ue 


PRIMUM  MOBILE. 


792 


PBIMTID  BOOKS. 


beoooics  CAptein  PrimnMe,  and  outfries 
Mifls  Wilmot,  an  heiress. 

(Goldsmith  himself  went  to  teach  the 
French  English  under  the  same  circam- 
otanoes.) 

JTosst  iVmrostf,  yonnger  son  of  the 
vicar,  noted  for  his  greenness  and  pe- 
dantry. Being  sent  to  sell  a  good  horse 
at  a  fair,  he  bartered  it  for  a  ^^ross  of 
green  spectacles,  with  copper  nms  and 
shagreen  cases,  of  no  more  Taloe  than 
Ho^ga's  razors  (ch.  xiL). 

Ouoia  Frimrom,  the  eldest  dan^^ter  of 
the  doctor.  Pretty,  enthusiastic,  a  sort 
of  Hebd  in  bean^.  "She  wished  for 
many  lorers.*'  and  eloped  with  squire 
Thomhill.  Her  father  found  her  at  a 
roadside  inn.  called  the  Harrow,  where 
she  was  on  the  point  of  being  turned  out 
of  the  house.  Subsequently,  she  was  found 
to  be  k^s*^ly  marriea  to  the  squire. 

Sophia  i'rmirostf,  the  second  daughter 
of  Dt.  Primrose.  She  was  **soft,  m<^est, 
and  alluring.**  Not  like  her  sister, 
desirous  of  winning  all,  but  flung  her 
whole  heart  upon  one.  B^g  thrown 
from  her  horse  into  a  deep  stream,  she 
was  rescued  bv  Mr.  Bnrchell  {alias  sir 
William  Thornhill),  and  being  abducted, 
was  again  rescued  by  him.  She  married 
him  at  last.~-Goldsmith,  Vkar  of  Wake- 
add  (1766). 

Primum  ICo'bile  {TKe\  a  sphere 
which  raTolred  in  twenty-four  hours  from 
east  to  west,  carrying  with  it  the  planets 
and  fixed  stars. 

R««  b  Um  anl  wkMM  motfaa  oo  hb  raee 
Slavti;  ■wtlowli  th^  enitrt,  and  Um  i«t 
AH  Bwved  araoadL    Eanpt  Um  mniI  dIvliMw 
Phwe  la  dill  IwwTMi  hMta  MHM  .  .  . 
MMMrtd  UHtf  fer  BOM.  tt  4oCa  4hrli* 
Moclaatoal. 

Prlnoe  of  Alohamy,  Rudolph  II. 
kaiser  of  Germany;  also  called  **The 
German  Trismegistus "  (1662,  1576- 
1612). 

Prinoe  of  Angels^  MichaeL 


So qmk0 the priBot of MMta.    To' 
Ibc  AdVMMiT  (Le.  atmitl 

Uatam,  PmnMm  Lmt,  vL  «1  (MB). 

Ptinoe   of    Celestial   Armies, 
Michael  the  archangel. 

Qo^  MMiMl.  ofMlaitlal  anriw  prlMNi 

MUtoa.  FmtadiM  Lmt,  vL  41  aMS). 

Prince  of  DarkneBS»  Satan  {Eph. 
vi.  12). 


WboM  thw  the  pctee*  or< 
"FUrdaiMhtar. 

Urii  proaff  nom  kata  glfm  lo  b*  < 
OrS^  a  llory  In  tt»  nMM).'* 

MUliM,  Atf^mMM  iMC  X.  mOSMlL 

Prinoe  of  Hell,  Satan. 


aAM«(iMlpW 


Iv.SI 

Prinoe  of  Iiiib,  a  title  given  to 
Christ  (Acts  iii.  15). 

Prinoe  of  Peace,  a  title  girea  to  the 
Messiah  (Isaiak  ix.  6). 

Prmoe  of  Peace^  don  Manuel  Godoy  of 
BadajoK.  So  called  because  he  conelnded 
the  *«peace  of  Basle**  in  1796  between 
France  and  Spain  (1767-1851). 

Prince  of  the  Air,  Satan. 


.  .  .  J«Mi  Mm  of  Mmt,  Meoad  Bmu 
Saw  Sataa  ftfl.  Uke  U^itniiV,  40WB  a«M 
Maea  af  tha  air. 


X.1SS(1S«|. 

Prince  of  the  Devils,  Sataa 
{Matt.  xiL  24). 

Prince  of  the  Kings  of  the 
Bairth,  a  title  given  to  Christ  {Bm.  L  6). 

Prinoe  of  the  Vowet  of  the 
Air,  Satan  {Epk.  n,  2). 

Prince  of  the  Vegetable  Kinff- 
dpm.    The  palm  tree  is  so  called  Cj 

Prince  of  this  World,  Satan  {Jokm, 
xiv.  80). 

Princes.  It  was  prinoe  Bismarck  the 
German  chancellor  who  said  to  a  conrtiy 
attendant,  "  Let  princes  be  princes,  and 
mind  your  own  business.** 

Prince's  Peers,  a  term  of  contempt 
applied  to  peers  of  low  birth.  The  phrase 
arose  in  tne  reign  of  Charles  Til.  of 
Franc^  when  his  son  Louis  (afterwards 
Louis  Al.)  created  a  host  of  riffHRsif  peers, 
such  as  tradesmen,  farmers,  and  mechanics, 
in  order  to  degrade  the  aristocracy,  and 
thus  weaken  its  influence  in  the  state* 

Printed  Books.  The  first  book  pro- 
duced in  England  was  printed  in  Knglmd 
in  1477,  by  WUliam  Caxton  in  the 
Almonry  at  Westminster,  and  was  en- 
UUed  The  Dictes  and  Sayings  of  the  PM^ 
loMphers, 

llie  Rer.  T.  Wilson  says :  "  The  press 
at  Oxford  existed  ten  years  before  there 
was  any  press  in  Europe,  except  those  of 
Haarlem  and  Mentz.*^  The  person  who 
set  up  the  Oxford  press  was  Corsellis, 
and  his  first  printed  book  bore  the  date 
of  1468.  The  colophon  of  it  ran  tfans: 
*' Explicit  exposido  Sancti  Jeronimi  in 
simbolo  apostolorum  ad  papam  laore- 
cium.  Impressa  Oxonii  Et  finita  Anno 
Domini  Mccoclxviij.,  xvij.  die  Deoem-> 
bris.*'    The  book  is  a  small  qoaito  oi 


n 


PKIOS. 


798 


FRiaOUSfEVL  OF  GHILLON. 


forty-fcwo  ltaT«t,  maii  wu  lint  noticed 
in  1664  by  Riclwrd  Atkins  in  his  Or^ 
w%d  Growth  of  Prmtmg,  Dr.  Conytrs 
Middleton,  in  1735,  dunged  Atkins  with 
forgery.  In  1812  S.  W.  Singer  defended 
the  book.  Dr.  Cotton  took  the  subject 
«p  in  his  TypographioeU  Qaaetimr  (first 
aod  second  series). 

PriOfP  (M0tth6w)»  The  fnomrnieiik  to 
this  poet  m  Westminster  Abbey  was  ht 
Hyshraek ;  exeevted  by  order  *of  Lovis 
XIV. 

Priory  (XorcOi  m  dd-inhioned 
hasband,  who  actnslly  thinks  that  a  wifo 
tliovld  *'loye,  honour,  and  obey**  her 
hvsband ;  nay,  more,  that  **  forsaking  iJl 
others,  she  should  cleave  to  him  se  long 
as  they  both  should  live.** 

Laag  Priory^  an  old-fashioned  wife, 
hot  youag  sad  beautifuL  $he  was, 
howeyer,  so  very  old-fashion^  that  she 
went  to  bed  at  ten  and  rose  at  six ;  dressed 
ii  a  cap  and  gown  of  her  own  nakii^ ; 
fespeeted  and  loved  her  husband;  dis- 
atwwnged  flirtation ;  and  when  assailed  by 
Hify  improper  advances,  instead  of  show- 
ing temper  or  conceited  airs,  quietly  and 
tnoquUly  seated  herself  to  some  modest 
hoosehold  duty  tiH  tfie  assailant  felt  the 
ftrresistible  power  of  modesty  and  virtoe. 
— ^Mrs.  Incnbald,  Wives  as  They  Wert 
€md  Maida  au  They  Are  (1797). 

Prisoian,  a  gnat  grammarian  of  the 
fifth  oentnry.  The  Latin  phrase,  Di- 
mmeire  Friaciani  caput  (**  to  break  Pris- 
<laB*s  bead  **).  means  to  *«  violate  the  rules 
•f  grammar.**    (8ee  Pboasvs.) 

nW  noH  nijiUM  or  raMon,  ran  or  clwcitt 


tvv%  Th0 


ULinOTSB). 


(Ih«t.  Uke  to  katarm.  bov 
within  them)  wQl  doc 


Ihdr  ilfht  within  them)  will  n 
Airi  boM  M  rfa  M  S«M|r  r«dl 
Am  HkmX  of  hwtlai  PriKlM'a 


IL  i.  SIS.  olB.  IIB64). 

Priscilla,  daughter  of  a  noble  lord, 
sue  fen  in  love  with  sir  Aladine,  a  poor 
knight. — Spenser,    Fairy    Quee%    vi.    1 

FriacStOf  the  beaatifnl  puritan  in  love 
with  John  Alden.  When  Miles  Standish, 
m  bluff  old  soldier  in  the  middle  of  life, 
Wished  to  marry  her,  he  asked  John 
Alden  to  go  and  plead  his  cause ;  but  the 
puritan  maiden  replied  archly,  "Why 
aon*t  you  speak  for  yourself,  John?** 
Soon  after  tiiis,  Standisn  being  killed,  as 
it  was  supposed  by  a  poisoned  arrow, 
John  did  speak  isr  hims^,  and  Prisdlla 
lialeaaA  «•  his  suit^-»Longf^lk>w,  The 
OnirUk^  ^  Milm  Stamdiih  (1868). 


Prison  IA&  Bndeared.  The 
following  are  examples  of  prisoners  who, 
from  long  habit,  have  grown  attached  to 
prison  life : — 

Comte  de  Lorge  was  confined  for  thirty 
years  in  the  Bjutile,  and  when  liberate 
(July  14;  1789)  declared  that  freedom 
had  no  joys  for  him.  After  imploring 
in  vain  to  be  allowed  to  return  to  his 
dungeon,  he  lingered  lor  she  weeks  and 
pined  to  death. 

(goldsmith  says,  when  Ohinvang  the 
Chaste  ascended  the  throne  of  China,  he 
commanded  the  prisons  to  be  thrown 
open.  Among  the  prisoners  was  a  vener- 
able man  of  86  years  of  age,  who  im- 
plored that  he  mi^ht  be  sn£Fered  to  return 
to  his  ceU.  For  sixty-three  years  he  had 
lived  in  its  gloom  and  solitude,  which  he 
preferred  to  the  glare  of  the  sun  and  the 
busUe  of  a  city.— A  CUuen  of  the  World 
IxxiiL  (1769)w 

Mr.  Uogan  onoe  visited  a  prisoner  of 
state  in  uie  Ring*s  Bench  prison,  who 
told  him  he  had  grown  to  like  the  sub- 
dued light  and  extreme  solitude  of  his 
cell ;  he  even  liked  the  spots  and  patches 
on  the  wall,  the  hardness  of  his  bed,  the 
regularity,  and  the  freedom  from  all  the 
cares  and  worries  of  active  life.  He  did 
not  wish  to  be  released,  and  felt  sure  he 
should  never  be  so  happy  in  any  other 
place. 

A  woman  of  Leyden,  on  the  expiration 
of  a  long  imprisonment,  applied  for  per- 
mission to  return  to  her  cell,  and  added, 
if  the  request  were  refused  as  a  favour, 
she  would  commit  some  offence  whidi 
should  give  her  a  title  to  her  old  quarters. 

A  prisoner  condemned  to  death  had  his 
sentence  commuted  for  seven  years*  close 
confinement  on  a  bed  of  nails.  After  the 
expiration  of  five  years,  he  declared,  if 
ever  he  were  released,  he  should  adopt 
from  choice  what  habit  had  rendered  so 
agreeable  to  him. 

Prisoner  of  Obillon,  Francis  de 
Bonnivard,  a  Frenchman  whto  reMed  at 
Geneva,  and  made  himself  obnoxious  to 
Charles  III.  duo  de  Savoie,  who  incar- 
cerated him  for  six  years  in  a  dungeon 
of  the  Ch&teau  de  Qrillon,  at  the  east 
end  of  the  lake  of  Geneva.  The  prisoner 
was  ultimately  released  by  the  Bernese, 
who  were  at  war  with  Savo^. 

Byron  has  founded  on  this  incident  his 

Kem  entitled  The  Frimmer  of  ChilUm, 
t  has  added  two  brothers,  whom  he 
supposes  to  be  imprisoned  with  Fmafoi^ 
and  who  died  of  hunger,  suffering,  ana 
confinement.    In  fact,  the  poet  mLcei  up 


PRISONER  OF  STATE. 


794 


PRODIGY  OF  LEARNING. 


Daatd't  tale  about  coant  Ugoliao  with 
that  of  Fnn^U  de  Bomuvardj  and  has 
prodnoed  a  powerful  and  affecting  atory, 
but  it  is  not  historic. 

PriBoner  of  State  iThe)y  Ernest  de 
Fridberg.  E.  Stirling  has  a  drama  so 
called.  (For  the  plot,  see  EBHKsrr  Dm 
Fridbbbo.) 

Pritehard  (  WiUiam),  conniaBder  of 
ll.M.  sloop  the  8hark,S\x  W.  Scott, 
Guy  Mcmnming  (time,  George  II.). 

Priuli,  a  senator  of  Venice,  of  mi- 
bendinff  pride.  His  daughter  had  been 
saved  from  the  Adriatic  by  Jaffier,  and 
gratitude  led  to  loTe.  As  it  was  quite 
hopeless  to  expect  Priuli  to  consent  to 
the  match,  Belridera  eloped  in  the  night, 
and  married  Jaffier.  rriuli  now  dis- 
carded them  bc^.  Jaffier  joined  Pierre*s 
conspiracy  to  murder  the  Venetian  sena- 
tors, but  in  order  to  save  his  father-in- 
law,  revealed  to  him  the  plot  under  the 
promise  of  a  general  free  pardon.  The 
promise  was  broken,  and  all  the  con- 
spirators except  Jaffier  were  condemned 
to  death  by  torture.  Jaffier  stabbed  Pierre, 
to  save  him  from  the  wheel,  and  then 
killed  himself.  Belvidera  went  mad  and 
died.  Priuli  lived  on,  a  broken-down  old 
man,  sick  of  life,  and  b^ging  to  be  left 
alone  in  some  "place  thatVflt  for  mourn- 
ing ; "  there  all  leave  me : 


fcarlng  ao  tmn  vten  you  Ibb  lal«  rriata, 
Bat  Ud  ttS  cfiMl  fttben  draad  mjr  fM«. 
T.  Otwiv.  r«it<M  Prtttntd.  r.  Um  cod  (l«4. 


PrivolTanBy  the  -antagonists  of  the 
Subvolvans. 


I  tKBf,  mntinf  PrirohwM 
Bar*  evoty  mnmar  tiMir  oMnpalpi^ 
And  aiuiter  like  Uie  w»rUke  %jua 
or  RnwbcMl  Mid  of  Bloodr-botMB. 
t.  Battar.  rht  M*plUmt  im  tht  Moon,  r.  m  0714. 

Proa,  a  Malay  skiff  of  great  swiftness, 
much  used  by  pirates  in  the  Eastern 
Archipelago,  and  called  the  )f^tn^  proa. 

The  proa  darted  lik«  «  AooUng  Mar. 

Brroo.  TN  ttkmd, It. S(I81S). 

Probe  (1  $yl.)t  a  priggish  suigeon, 
who  magnifies  mole-hill  ailments  into 
mountain  maladies,  in  order  to  enhance 
his  skill  and  increase  his  chaiges.  Thus, 
when  lord  Foppington  received  a  small 
flesh-wound  in  the  arm  from  a  foil.  Probe 
drew  a  long  face,  frightened  his  lord^ip 
greatly,  and  pretencted  the  consequences 
might  be  senons;  but  when  lord  Fop- 
pington promised  him  £500  for  a  cure,  ne 
set  his  patient  on  his  legs  the  next  day.— « 
Sheridan,  A  2hp  to  aoarborough  (1777). 

Pro'dda  {John  of)j  a  tragedy  by  S. 


Knowles  (1S40).  John  of  Piodda 
an  Italian  gentleman  of  tiie  thirteenth 
century,  a  skilful  physician,  hi^  in 
favour  with  king  Fernando  II.,  Conimd, 
Manfred,  and  Conrad'ine.  The  French 
invaded  the  island,  pot  the  last  two 
Bonardis  to  the  Bword>  *  usurped  the 
sovereignty,  and  made  Obarles  d'Ai^jo* 
king.  The  cmel^,  lioentioosDess,  and 
extortion  of  the  French  beincr  quite  un- 
bearable, provoked  a  general  rising  of 
the  Sicilians,  and  in  one  night  {the  SiciHam 
Vespers,  March  80,  1282),  every  French- 
man, Frendiwonuui,  and  Froich  child 
in  the  whole  island  was  ruthlessly 
butchered.  Procida  lost  his  only  son  Fer- 
nando, who  had  just  married  Isoline  (S 
syi.)y  thedau^ter  of  the  French  governor 
of  Messina,  isoline  died  broken-hearted^ 
and  her  father,  the  governor,  was  amonest 
the  slain.  The  crown  was  given  to  John 
of  Procida. 

Procri8»  the  wife  of  CephUos.  0«t 
of  jealousy,  she  crept  into  a  wood  to 
act  as  a  spy  upon  her  husband.  Cephaloa, 
hearing  something  move,  discharged  an 
arrow  in  the  direction  of  the  rustling, 
thinking  it  to  be  caused  by  some  wild 
beast,  s^  shot  Procris.  Jupiter,  in  pi^y 
turned  Procris  into  a  star. — Ormk  and 
Latin  Mythology, 

The  unerring  dart  of  Procris,  Diana 
gave  Procris  a  dart  wnich  never  missed 
its  aim,  and  after  bdng  discharged  le- 
turned  back  to  the  shooter. 


Procrus'tas  (8  sy/.),  a  higfawayi 
of  Attica,  who  used  to  place  travellers  oa 
a  bed ;  if  they  were  too  short  he  stntehed 
them  out  till  they  fitted  it,  if  too  loi^  he 
lopped  off  the  redundant  part.  —  Ur^ek 
Mythology, 


Critic. 

Who  tohkjwa  bed  br  lortaaa  Ite 

MaDet,  r«r«Bl  CVMeinn  (1714). 

Proctor's  Dogs  ^^  Bull-dogsj  the  two 

*' runners**  or  ofmsials  who  accompany 

a  university  proctor  in  his  rounds,  to  give 

chase  to  recalcitrant  gownsmen. 

And  ImIumI  1ir«atk«d  Uw  rnielorli  4oi»[««M  a  «MmS«r  # 
O^fori  ar  Ommbrtdf  Untverfltlf]- 

Timywoo,  pruloga*  of  Th0  Frimutm  OBMUm 

Prodigal  (Tfie),  Albert  VI.  dnke  of 
Austria  (1418, 1489-1463). 

Prodigy  of  Franoe  (The).  Guil- 
laume  Buoe  was  so  called  by  Erasmus 
(1467-1540). 

3Prodiffy    of    Iieaming    (The). 
Samuel  Hahnemann,  the  German, 
so  called  by  J.  P.  Richter  (176&  1848). 


PROFOUND. 


795 


PROSERPINE. 


Profoimd  {The),  Richard  BTiddleton, 
an  English  scholastic  divins  (*-1304). 

Profomid  Doctor  (7^),  Thomas 
Bradwardine.  a  schoolman.  Also  called 
«*Thfl  Solid  Doetor"  (♦-ia49). 

iEgidins  de  Columna,  a  Sicilian  school- 
nan,  was  called  **Tha  Most  Profound 
Doctor**  (*>-l<16). 

Progne  (2  mt/.),  daoghter  of  Pandlon, 
»nd  sister  of  PhUom^la.  Progng  was 
changed  into  a  swallow,  and  Philomela 
into  a  nightingale. — Qreek  Mythology, 


Am  PranS  or  aa  FfcllniiMk  OMunu  .  .  . 
8»  Bnoaimnt  Uunaoti  her  abtftnt  kidglht 

Arfcwto.  OrbtfMlo  #W<«M^  u^  (UlSk 

.  Fyome'thfiaii  Unguent  {Tke)^ 
teade  from  the  extract  of  a  herh  on 
whidi  some  of  the  blood  of  Prometheus 
(d  ffjf/.)  had  fallen.  Medea  gave  Jason 
8<HBe  of  this  unguent^  which  rendered  his 
bodj  proof  against  fin  and  warlike 
instruments. 

Prome'tbeuB  (3  sv^.)  taught  man  the 
•se  of  fire,  and  instructed  him  in  archi- 
^eetore,  astronomy,  mathematics,  writing, 
rearing  cattle,  navigation,  medicine,  the 
art  of  prophecy,  working  metal,  and, 
indeed,  every  'art  known  to  man.  The 
word  means  *' forethought,**  and  fore- 
thou^t  is  the  father  of  invention.  The 
tale  IS  that  he  made  man  of  clav,  and, 
Fn  order  to  endow  his  clay  with  life,  stole 
fire  from  heaven  and  brought  it  to  eartii 
in  a  hollow  tube.  Zeus,  in  punishment, 
diained  him  to  a  rock,  and  sent  an  eagle 
ta  conenme  his  liver  daily ;  during  3ie 
night  it  grew  agun,  and  thus  his  torment 
was  ceweless,  till  Hercui^  shot  the 
•agk^  and  unchained  the  captive. 

Learn  Um  wMle,  In  brkf. 
ialart««une  lo  mortali  fraa  ProoMllMM. 
I.  &  BrDtrains,  rtimttht^m  Bmmd  (1SB8). 


1¥«aijMU|iwtara  tb*  ngbt  k)r  N«tiir»  glvta. 

I  an  ft 


Aa4  Bfce  ProoM^iMik  brins  Uw  1 

Campbell,  Ptmuurm  ^  Bopt^  L  (179BI. 

*«*  Percy  B.  Shelley  has  a  classieal 
dnram  en^tled  Frometkma  Unbovmd 
(1819). 

Promised  Iiand  {The\  Canaan  or 
Palestine.  So  called  because  God  pro- 
mised to  give  it  to  Abraham,  Isaac,  and 
Jacob. — u«i».  zii.  7  ;  xxvi.  3 ;  zxviii. 
13. 

Pfomi>^  Ae  servant  of  Mr.  and 
Miss  Blandish. — General  Burgoyne,  Th» 
Beire$9  (1781). 

FroBOiiiis.  It  was  of  Henry  Mos- 
w^  tMedian  a72»-177d),  that  CShoichill 
wrote  tJM  two  hues : 


III  MoiioiynaMw  Ms  tbwitei  rott- 

H«b  die;  It,  and  we,  7«k  Umt.  ftlght  «be  Mvl } 

because  Mossop  was  fond  of  emphadaing 
his  pronouns  and  little  words. 

Proplieoy.     Jourdain,    the   wizard. 

told  the  duke  of  Somerset,  if  he  wished 

to  live,  to  '*  avoid  where  csstles  mounted 

stand."    The  duke  died  in  an  ale-house 

called  the  Castle,  in  St  Alban's. 

. .  .  mdemeeUieaele-boQe^'iieHiyelgn, 
IbeOeetle.  in  8b  Alben'e,  Someiwt 
H»UiilHMle tiie  wiaud  bMMM In  Ue 4e«th. 

S  M*mrw  ri.  aot  T.  ee.  t  (Uil). 


-  Sinilsr  fivophetic  equivokes  wen  told 
to  Hennr  IV.,  pope  Sylvester  II.,  and 
Otmbys&i  (see  Jbrusalbm,  p.  492). 

AristomSn§s  was  told  by  the  Delphic 
oracle  to  "  flee  for  his  life  when  he  saw  a 
goat  drink  from  the  river  Neda.**  Con- 
sequently,  all  goats  were  driven  from  the 
banks  of  this  river ;  but  one  day,  Thefidos 
observed  that  the  branches  of  a  fl^  tree 
bent  into  the  stream^  and  it  immediately 
flashed  into  his  mmd  that  the  Mes- 
senian  word  for  fig  tree  and  ^oai'*was  the 
same.  Hie  pun  or  equivoke  will  be 
better  understood  by  an  English  reader  if 
for  goat  we  read  ewe^  and  near  in  mind 
that  yew  is  to  the  ear  the  same  word; 
thus: 

Whea  »  eitv  (fewl  eloote  to  4rliik  or  Um  "  Sem,"  then 

tr. 
And  loek  not  iMhlnd.  fcrdeebnKtloB  le  nigh. 

Prophet  {The)i  Mahomet  (670-632). 


Tbo  Moheinwdem  ewtertelneil  en  laconceiyable ' 
retlon  for  Umit  prophet.  .  . .  Wbeneterbentedehieeblii- 
ilotoa,  tbejr  ren  and  eeagbt  tbe  vater  ho  heS  UMd :  and 
vben  be  c|MU  lUkai  up  the  epttUe  with  MpentltioaB 
wvenMM.-jawUeda,  rUa  Mokmm.,  m  (thiitoanth  oen- 
tmy). 

Prophet  Mm,  an  elm  growing  in 
Credenhill  Court,  belonging  to  the  Eckley 
family.  It  is  so  called  because  one  of 
the  branches  is  said  to  snap  off,  and  thus 
announce  an  approaching  death  in  the 
family. 

Pix>phetee8  (7%a),  Ay«^shab,  the 
second  and  beloved  wife  of  Mahomeib.  It 
does  not  mean  that  she  prophesied,  but, 
like  Sultana,  it  is  simply  a  title  of 
honour.  He  was  the  Projphet,  she  tbe 
Propheta  or  Madam  Prophet. 

Prose  {Father  of  English),  Wycliffe 
(1324-1384). 

Prfm  {fiaher  of  Greek),  Herodotos 
(]i.a  484-408). 

Prose  {Father  of  Italian),  Boccaccio 
(131&-1375). 

Proe'eritoe  (8  evL),  ^ed  Proeer'- 
ptna  m  Uife,  tod  "  Proser'pm  "  by  MU- 


PROSPESiTT  BOBOrSOlf . 


7M 


FROTSUa* 


ton,  wMduf|^bl«r«fCflriiiu  Shswcnftto 
the  fields  of  Enaa  to  mumBL  hetmif  br 
gBtbcriDg  MpboMSf  ani  bcmc  tired,  feU 
ftnleep.  DM,tiMcodolbell,tbacanried 
b€r  off.  And  nuMUB  bcr  queen  of  the  in- 
fenud  Rgioof.  Ceves  wandered  for  nina 
days  orer  the  world  dlieensolate,  looking 
for  bcr  dao^ten  when  Hec'ate  (2  «y/.; 
told  her  ahe  had  heard  Hie  ^rl's  ones, 
bat  knew  not  who  had  earned  her  off. 
Both  now  went  to  (Hjmipas,  whatt  the 
■un-gad  toU  them  the  tow  flata  af  the 


N.Bi-«-TiDa  ia  ao  allagofj  af  aaad- 


T«i 


Iwvr.  I^gloodtr  Bto 


;  bar  Ibro' tb«  vory. 


Prosperity  BobinflOOt  Fredarich 
BobineoB,  afterwaida  vifcooofc  ^vodench 
and  earl  of  Ripon,  chaaoallor  of  the  ax« 
cfaeqner  in  l»iS.  Bo  called  by  Obbett^ 
from  hia  boastiag  about  the  pcoapentj  of 
the  eountrjr  j<wt  a.  little  before  tne  i^eat 
aomaMreial  adais  of  1826* 

^rot^'pWOf  the  banished  dtika  of 
Milan,  and  father  of  Miranda.  Ha  was 
deposed  bj  his  brother  Anthonio,  who 
sent  him  to  sea  with  Minmder  in  a 
**  rotten  oascass  of  a  boat**  which  was 
borne  to  a  desert  island.  Here  Prospero 
torsctifled  magic.  He  Kberated  Ariel 
nrom  the  rift  of  a  pine  tree,  where  the 
witch  Syc'omx  haa  confined  him  for 
twelve  jeare,  and  was  serred  bj  thai 
bright  spirit  with  tme  gratitude.  Tha 
only  other  inhabitant  of  the  island  was 
Caliban  the  witch's  '^welp."  After  a 
residence  in  the  island  of  sixteen  ^ears, 
Prospero  mised  a  tempest  by  magic,  to 
cause  the  shipwfeck  of  the  usorping  duke 
and  of  Ferdinand  his  brothei^s  son. 
Ferdinand  fell  in  love  with  his  eonsin 
MiraDda,  and  erentoally  manied  heK — 
Shakespeare,  J%tf  :Pmpe9i  (1609). 


H*  Mr  W.  SMQ  «bv«  blB 
Ihst  M  PMMiMfOi  moi  tka  tSMloin  of  th*  oMen  tiaM 


8CU1  tbey  h«p«  Umplnii  to  Md  fro» 
UIm  ArWs  round  old 


»(|to»dfr 

I  rrcMpcrOf 


awlnSi. "  Dhw  MMlar.  Hi  m  mK" 
But  ttm  Um  old  BiMl  Muwsred.  "NoC 

T.  Moot%  A  TMm, 

PM0S  {Mimff^  a  red-haiftd,  ungainly 
creature,  who  lived  with  liucie  Manette, 
and  dearly  loved  her.  Mass  Pross, 
although  very  eccentric,  was  most  faith- 
ful and  unselfish. 


Um 


MtonclBlta  noSi  MMaM) 
iffiatoMrthA 


Proterina  of  Cappadscia,  &dier  of 
Cynu    (9ee  Sihxcr  Savbd.) 


Frotesilafos,  himbaad  of 

slaa  at  tha  siMs  af  Trey,  the 
body  was  s«Bt  barea  to  hm  wife^ 
who  pnyed  that  she  might  taOk  with  bias 
again,  if  only  for  three  boon.  Ucr 
pnyer  was  gtanted,  but  whcs  PwtmFtoa 
returned  to  death,  laodamia  died  alsot.^* 
thretk  MythoUmn 

InF^neloa'sr^Z^lamr,  "ProMdiMa* 
is  meant  for  LovToia,  ttie  Frendi  mmiater 
of 


Plrotestaat  Ihik^  (^^(^  Ataca 
dake  of  Monmoath,  a  lovi»<faiUI  oi 
Charlea  IL  8o  sailed  beeaaa  ha  f»- 
floanced  the  Roman  faith,  hi  whieh  ba 
had  bean  breught  api  and 
(lil»-l<M).^ 


Protestant  Pope  {The),  Cian  Tin- 
aMaa«aa|pUMlK,popeClraMaitXfT.  So 
called  ftom  hie  cnhgfatcned  poliay,  mmk 
fdr  his  boU  sappsaasiBg  tha  Jsamto  (ITefi^ 
17f9-1774>. 

Proteus  [Pro^bioe^  a  aea-go^  who 
resided  in  the  Car{>atiiian  Sea.  He  bad 
tha  power  of  changing  his  form  at  will. 
Being  a  prophet  also,  Milton  ealU  him 
*^  the  Carpathian  wizard.**— Grasl  ifyffio- 
Ugy. 

Br  soBiy  iiofWa  wniilElid  look* 
Zi4  Cba  GwiMtthla  wlwd'rbot*  for 


PeriklsrmVnoa.  son  of  Nelens  (V  svf.J, 
had  the  power  of  dia^ging  his  form  Into 
a  bird,  beast,  reptile,  or  mseet.  A»  s 
bee,  he  perdied  on  the  cfaariolof  Htislltf 
{Berciu€s)f  and  was  killed. 

Anstoglton,  from  being  dipped'  th  the 
AchelOiis  (4  iy#.),  received  the  Ppwav  vt 
changing  his  fbrm  at  wilL  wiaston, 
Ti^^maqugy  x%.  (1700). 

T^  oenii,  both  good  and.  bad,  of  Eastern 
mytiuMogy  had  the  pow)v  ci  chaagiog 
their  form  instantaneously.  Tfana  la 
poweifnlly  illnstnted  by  the  combat  be- 
tween the  Queen  of  Beauty  and  the  son 
of  Eblis.  The  genius  first  appeared  as 
an  enormous  lion,  but  the  Queen  of 
Beaaty  plucked  out  a  hair  which  became 
a  8C3rthe2with  which  she  cut  the  lion  in 
{neees.  The  head  of  the  Mon  now  became 
a  scorpion,  and  the  princess  dianged  her- 
self into  a  serpent ;  but  the  scorpion  in- 
stanUy  made  itself  an  eagle,  and  went 
in  pursuit  of  the  M^^t.  The  a«ft»fltoty 
howerer,   behig  vigSanty  asawaed  ttie 


I^OTTEOft. 


7f7 


PROVOST  OF  BSUQJSa. 


ibrm  «f  a  iHiito  cat;  Hie  eigle  in  sn 
instvit  changed  to  a  wolf,  and  the 
eaty  being  hard  pressed,  changed  into  a 
worm  ;  the  wolf  changed  to  a  cock,  and 
imB  to  |Mek  up  the  wonn,  which,  how> 
er«ty  becaoia  a  fiih  before  the  cock  ooold 
pkk.  it  np.  Net  to  be  ootwHtod,  ^e 
coc^k  tzaaafonned  iteelf  into  a  pike  to 
deroar  the  flsh,  but  the  fish  changed  into 
a  fixe,  and  the  son  of  Eblis  was  burnt  to 
iahes  before  he  could  make  another 
change.-~^rafrKia  Nig/U$  ("The  Second 
Calender  **). 

Proieus  or  Froikeus,  one  of  the  two 
eentlemen  of  Verona.  He  is  in  love  with 
?«lia.  His  servant  is  LamccL  and  his 
father  AntfioBio  or  Antonio.  The  other 
g— tiemaa  is  called  Valentine,  and  his 
ndy-leTe  is  SUtia.— Shakespeare,  The 
J%oo  OetOUmm  of  Vertma  (1594). 

Shakespeare  alls  the  word  Prt^'Uf-ms, 
Mahme,  t>r.  iehnsoa,  etc.,  letaia  the  h 
in  both  naows,  hot  Hm  Globe  editloB 
cunits  them. 

NW**),  a  gospel  falsely  attributed  to  St 
James  the  LesSj  first  bishop  of  Jerusalem, 
nttted  for  its  mioute  details  of  the  Virgin 
and  Jesus  Clhrist.  Said  to  be  the  pro« 
dnction  of  L.  (Darlniis  of  the  second  oen- 
tuiy* 

Fint  of  an  «e  A«n  rahaarw  .  •  • 
Tbe  nntiiritr  of  our  Lord. 
As  wrtitMi  In  Um  old  raeovd 

osuy. 


Protoeol  {Mr.  Peter),  Hm  attorney 
!■  Edinburgh  employed  br  Mrs.  Mar- 
caret  Bertram  of  (i^a^eside. — Sir  W. 
Scott|  Oujf  Mannermg  (time,  Oeerge  II.)« 

FrotoeebMtoS  (The)  or  Siuuaio^ 
ciiAXOB,  the  highest  State  officer  in 
Oreece.-^Sif  W.  Scott»  47(ma<  JUAeri  of 
Pari$  (time,  Hufus)* 

Fn>tOBpatl|air«  (Tke),  or  oeoeral 
of  Alexius  Comntens  emperor  of  Greece, 
Hia  name  is  K)flanor«--Sir  W,  Scott, 
CvmU  Jiobert  of  Pvu  (time,  Rufns), 

Proud  (T^)«  Tarquin  11.  of  Rome 
was  called  SupeHms  (reigned  b.o.  5$b^ 
bW,  died  496). 

CHhn  IV.  kaiser  of  Germany  was  called 
«« The  Proud**  (1176,  1209-1218). 

Proud  I>iike  (The),  (Carles  Sey* 
mour  duke  of  Somerset.  His  children 
w«;re  not  allowed  to  sit  in  his  presence ; 
and  he  spoke  to  his  servants  hy  signs 
only  (♦-1748). 


Proud  and  ICigbty  (7^). 

muieniHallttkmv. 
A  Mobwat  In  n  wlntar^  Sv, 
Is  al  tto  praui  Mid  mUbCT  Wm 

ondln  flMUit  gmva.        

tfjme,  Ormnqmr  £Ul  (Aad  W^ 


ProudAate  (Otioer),  the  boasting 
bonnet-maker  at  Perth. 

MoifcUUen  or  Mamdie  JProtMiU  01iTer*s 
widow.-<-Sir  W.  Scott,  Fakl^tid  of  Perth 
(tiifte,  Heify  IV.). 

Prout  (Father^  the  psendonjrm  of 
Francis  MsJioney,  a  humorous  wciter  ia 
Ihuer't  Magaxme,  etc  (l80fr-lS66). 

ProTis,  the  name  assumed  by  Ahel 
Magwilsk  rip*s  fiUhar.  Ue-waaaaon- 
rict,  who  had  made  a  fertnne,  and  whose 
chief  desire  was  to  make  his  son  a  gentle- 
man.-*^ P^Vff*^  QMMt  ^Frft^<fom 
(1W9K 

Provoked  Husband  (7^,  a 
comedy  by  dhher  and  Vanbrugh,  Tha 
"provoked  husband^*  is  lord  Townl^ 
justly  annoyed  at  the  cond'tft  of  ha4 
voung  wife,  who  whoUv  neglects  her 
husband  and  her  home  aaties  for  a  Ufa 
of  gambling  and  dissipation.  The  hna* 
baim,  seeing  no  hope  of  amendmenl^ 
resolves  on  a  separate  maintenance  i 
but  then  the  lady's  eyes  are  openod 
— she  promises  amendment,  and  is  tor* 
given. 

*«*  This  comedy  was  Vanbru^^ 
Jcumey  to  London^  left  unfinished  at  his 
death.  Gibber  took  it,  completed  it,  and 
baeught  it  o«t  under  the  title  of  The 
Provoked  Uusband  (1728). 

Proirdked  Wift  (JhtfU  lady  Bnite^ 
the  wif^  of  sir  Joim  Bnrte,  is,  by  his 
ill  auuHwrs,  brutality,  and  n^lect,  **  pro- 
veked**  to  intrigue  with  one  Goastant, 
The  iatri|nte  is  not  of  a  very  serious 
aatuae,  sinee  it  is  always  interrapled 
before  it  makes  head*  At  the  conclusion, 
sir  John  sayat 

Sm%  I  OMjr  ta.  MoMioni  t  am  not 
r«r  1  tew  Mh  iai8t»Mi  awl  fMSOi. 

ftrJ.  Vaalini^(Ui7]L 

Provost  of  Bruges  (TV),  atragedv 
based  on  '*  The  Sei^  i«  Leitch  Hitchie^s 
Mommnee  ef  Hietorjf,  t*ubliiihed  anonr- 
mously  in  1886 ;  the  author  is  o. 
Knowlea.  The  plot  is  thist  Gharlea 
*'the  (jood,**  earl  of  Flanders,  made  a 
law  that  a  serf  is  alwajrs  a  serf  till 
manumitted,  and  whoever  marries  a  serf 
becooies  tberebv  a  serf.  Thus,  if  a  prince 
married  the  <uughtcr  of  a  ser(  the 
prince  became  a  s^  himself,  and  all  hia 


FROWLER. 


796 


PSALTSR  OP  TARAH. 


children  were  serfo.  Bertalphe,  the 
richeit,  wuteai,  mod  bmvcst  man  in 
(landers,  was  pfcvost  of  Bruges.  His 
beautiful  daughter  Constance  married  sir 
Bouchard,  a  knight  of  noble  descent; 
hut  Bertulphe's  father  had  been  Thane- 
mar's  serf,  and,  according  to  the  new 
law,  Bertnii^  the  proToet  his  daughter 
Constance,  and  his  kni^tly  son-in-Uw 
were  all  the  serfs  of  Thancmar.  The 
piovoet  killed  the  earl,  and  ttabhed  him- 
self; Bouchard  and  Thancmar  killed 
each  other  in  fl^t ;  and  Constance  died 
demented. 

Prowler   (ffvgk),   any  Tagrant   or 
hii^waymaa. 


Vs.  Imt  9l  Hdib  PwMHar,  s*^  I 

Mmtbmmdrth  uodH.  IS  (US7). 

Prudence  (JVufrsw),  the  ladj  at- 
tendant on  Violet  ward  of  lady  Arundel. 
When  Norman  "  the  sea-captain  "  made 
love  to  Violet,  Ifistress  Prudence  remon- 
strated, **What  will  the  countess  say 
if  I  allow  myself  to  see  a  stranger  speak- 
ing to  her  ward?**  Norman  clapoed  a 
gumea  on  her  left  ere,  and  asked,  ^*  what 
see  ycu  now  ?  •»  "  Why,  nothing  with  my 
left  eve,**  she  answerecl,  **but  the  right 
has  sfill  a  morbid  sensibiUty.**  **  Poor 
thin^!**  said  Norman;  **this  golden 
ointment  soon  will  cure  it.  What  see 
you  now,  my  Prudence ?**  "Not  a 
souJ,**  she  said.— Lord  Lytton,  The  8m^ 
Q^ftain  (1889). 

Prudea  for  proctors;  dowa^rs  for 
deans.  —Tennyson,  prologue  of  2^  Prm- 
OCM  (1830). 


{Jo»tph)j   "pupil    of 

Brard  and  Saint-Omer,*'  caligraphist  and 

iwora   expert   in   the    courts   of    law. 

Joseph  Prudhomme  is  the  s>*nthesis  of 

bourgeois   imbecility ;    radiant,    serene, 

and  self-satisfied ;  letting  fall  from  his 

fat  lips  "one  weak,  washy,  everiasting 

floc4     of  puerile  algorisms  and  inane 

dreamlocutions.    He  says,  "  The  car  of 

the  state  doatc  on  a  precipice."    "This 

sword  is  the  proudest  day  of  my  life." — 

Henri  Monnier,  Gramteur  et  Dicademoe  de 

Jomspk  Pntdhonane  (1862). 

No  crtatloa  ol  OMidsni  flcUiMi  aver  mliojm  »  phan 
of  natloiiiil  character  wUh  fudi  odcuMi  powv  m  that  of 
"N.  JoMUb  Pradhomnic.'-  .  .  .  ^'PodMap."  Ills  KiiidUi 
naraUal.  H  inon  aoir-eonialnad.  meia  poniMiMt  and 
|B«  puUta.  ...  In  1SS7  M;>nnwr  tunwd  Uai  pioM  Into  a 
bulky  votama.  antlttcd  Yi*  m  Opttttoiu  d»  M.  Jomph 
Fnitiktrnmi.-^  C.  & 


Prue  {Mi$s\  a  schoolgirl  bUlI  under 
the  chhrge  of  a  nurse,  very  precocious 
and  very  injudicicosly  brought  up.   Miss 


Prue  is  the  dan^^ter  of  Mr.  Forasis^  a 
mad  astrologer,  and  Mrs.  Foreaigtai  a 
frail  nonentity. — Congre\'e,  IxnejorLo— 

(1695). 


TW  knrMMM  batwMB  Jack 
"TMtle."  and  "Mia  Pnn."  when  ttili 
afMad  bf  Mn.  Jordan,    vat  pnibabdr 
■kk  


Pmnee  and  Prisma,  the  wonto 
whidi  give  the  lips  the  right  plie  of  the 
highly  aristocratic  moutii,  as  Mrs.  Gencaml 
tdls  Amy  Dorrit. 


•m  to  Iba  Ipa.    'Pafa.' 

•potatfoci.'  •poalti7.'''P»iiiM  ■«»  !»»!?»      ^•■.  ■■ 
Ami  It  aKTleMliia  If  yw  ay  to 


General  Bnigoyne,  in  The  Hdrets^ 
makes  lady  Emily  teU  Miss  Alaerip  thai 
the  magic  words  are  "  nimini  piauni ; " 
and  that  if  she  will  stand  before  her 
mirror  and  pronounce  these  words  re- 
peatedly, she  cannot  fail  to  give  her 
fips  that  happy  plie  which  is  known  at 
the  "  Paphian  nump." — Tka  Bartu^  iii. 
2  (1781). 

Pru'sio,  king  of  Al 
by  Zeriii'no.— Ariosto,   Oriaado 
(1516). 

pnr  (/ViW),  one  of  those  idle^ 
meddung  fellows,  who,  having  no  em- 
ployment of  their  own,  are  perpetaally 
interfering  in  the  affairs  of  otJber  people. 
—John  Poole,  Foul  Pry, 

Prjrdwen  or  Pbidwiic  (^.v.),  eaJled 
in  the  MaAtnogion  the  ship  of  kinjg  Arthur. 
It  was  also  the  name  of  his  shield. 
Taliessin  speaks  of  it  as  a  ship»  and 
Robert  of  Gloucester  as  a  shield. 


1^  y*  auard  ha  was 'nnrd.  that  w 
CMyboanie  yt  wa«  yvlupai.  nad 
laytr^lbtlKHMlyB' 


i.ir4 


Prynne    (/fester),   in    Hawthorne's 
novel  entiUed  JAd  SoaHet  Letter  (1860). 


Paalmiat  (The),  King  David  is 
called  '*The  Sweet  Psalmist  of  Israel" 
(S  8tnn.  xxiii.  1).  In  the  comptlatioo 
called  Pso/ms,  in  the  (^  Testament, 
seventy-three  bear  the  naaM  of  David, 
twelve  were  composed  by  Asaph,  eleven 
by  the  sons  of  Korah,  and  one  {Peaim 
xc.)  by  Moses. 

Psalter  of  Tarah  or  Tara,  a 
volume  in  which  the  early  kings  of 
Ireland  inserted  all  historic  events  and 
enactmenU.  It  began  in  the  reign  of 
I  Ollav  FoU,  of  the  family  of  Ir,  B.C.  900, 
and  was  read  to  the  assembled  princM 


PSTCABPAX. 


799 


PUDDING, 


wkiB  ih/a  mefe  in  Um  oonventioii  which 
Mtembled  in  the  sreat  hall  of  that 
■pkndid    palace.      Also    called    TiJtra't 

TMlr  trAik  Omv  add.  ttMlr  Ugk  dtpwk 
Wm  wv  hi  nra'f  PmtUrW' 

FCgrcarpax  (Ctf.  **grananf'thief**)f 
•OB  of  Troxartas  king  of  the  mice.  The 
frog  king  offered  to  carrv  the  young 
I^caq>ax  over  a  lake ;  hot  a  water- 
hvdia  made  its  appearance,  and  the  frog 
king,  to  save  himself,  dived  under  water, 
whereby  the  mouse  prince  lost  his  life. 
This  catastro^  brought  about  the  fatal 
Borne  of  the  Frogs  and  Mioe.  Translated 
from  the  Greek  into  English  verse  by 
FkmeU  (1679-1717). 

Psyche  [Sf,ke]^  a  most  beautiful 
maiden,  with  whom  Cupid  fell  in  love. 
The  god  told  her  she  was  never  to  seek 
to  know  who  he  was ;  but  Psychd  couM 
not  lesisit  the  curiosity  of  lookmg  at  him 
at  he  lay  asleep.  A  drop  of  the  hot  oil 
from  PinrchS's  lamp  faUing  on  the  love- 
god,  woke  him,  and  he  instantly  took  to 
fljight.  Psychd  now  wandered  uom  place 
to  plAce,  persecuted  by  Venus  ;  but  after 
enauring  ineiEable  troubles,  Cupid  came 
at  last  to  her  rescue,  married  ner,  and 
bestowed  on  ber  immortality. 

This  exquisite  allegory  is  from  the 
Ookkn  As$  of  Apul«ios.  Lafontaine 
has  turned  it  into  French  verse.  M. 
Laprade  (bom  1812^  has  rendered  it  into 
French  most  exquisitely.  The  English 
version,  by  Mrs.  Tighe,  in  six  cantos,  is 
■imply  unreadable. 

Tlie  story  of  Cupid  and  Psyche  is  mi 
allegory,  meaniuK  tnat  castles  in  the  air 
arc  exquisite  tiU  we  look  at  them  as 
realities,  when  they  instantly  vanish,  and 
leave  only  disappointment  and  vexation 
behind. 

Ptemognyphus  ("  baam^sooop6r**\ 
one  of  the  mouse  chieftains. — Pamell, 
Baitie  of  the  Frogs  and  Mice,  iiL  (about 
1712). 

Ptemopli'afnui  ("6aw»-«rfflr"),one 
of  the  mouse  chieftains. 

But  4ira  PMrnophagus  dIrUM  hit  var 
Tim'  btHtklng  ranki.  mmI  ImmU  the  draaMM  ikv. 
■e  Bftblli«  Dftofv  oualM  to  SenenMi  Mora.— 
Rb  parwUi  lod  blm  oa  tbe  aMmc*  bosr. 

^rtkt  P)r9§$  mmd  JNw.  UL  (Abovt  ITISV 


Ptemotraotas   ("  fcaam-j^aawCT* "), 
father  of  **  the  meal-licker,*'  LycemTld 

Sife  ef  Troxaitas,  "the  bread-eater**), 
ycarpas,  the  king  of  the  mice,  was  son  of 
Lyeomitt,  and  grsndaon  of  Ptemotiactas. 


—Pamell,  BatUe  of  the  Frogs  and  Mtos,  i. 
(about  1712). 

Ptolemean  System  (7^).  King 
Alfonso,  speaking  of  this  system,  said, 
if  he  had  been  consulted  at  the  creation 
of  the  world,  he  would  have  spared  the 
Maker  of  it  many  absurdities. 

I  Kttie  aU  Umm  tiUmg  bjr  tniulUoa  .  .  . 
liiM  Uas  AMboao. 

^jrroB.  KMm  qfJitdgmmt  (18U|. 

Public  GkHXl  (The  Leamie  of  the), 
a  league  between  the  dukes  of  Burgundy, 
Brittany,  and  other  French  princes 
against  Louis  XI. 

Publio'ola,  of  the  Dentatoh  News* 
paper,  was  tbe  nom  de  pfume  of  Mr. 
WUliams,  a  vigorous  political  writer. 

PubliUB,  the  surviving  son  of  Hora- 
tins  after  the  combat  between  the  three 
Homtian  brothers  against  the  three 
Curiatii  of  Alba.  He  entertained  the 
Roman  notion  that  "  a  patriot*s  soul  can 
feel  no  ties  but  duty,  and  know  no  voice 
of  kindred**  if  it  conflicts  with  his 
countey*s  weal.  His  sister  was  engaged 
to  Caius  Curiatius,  one  of  the  three  Alban 
cluunpions  ;  and  when  she  reproved  him 
for  "  murdering  **  her  betrothed,  he  slew 
her,  for  he  loved  Rome  more  than  he 
loved  friend,  sister,  brother,  or  the  sacred 
name  of  father. — Whitehead,  The  Boman 
Father  (1741). 

PooeL  La  bei  Buoei  tived  m  the 
tower  of  **Musyke.*'  Graunde  Amoure, 
sent  thither  b^  Fame  to  be  instructed  by 
the  seven  ladies  of  science,  fell  in  love 
with  her,  and  ultimately  married  her.. 
After  his  death.  Remembrance  wrote  his 
**epitaphy  on  hisjrraue.** — S.  Hawes. 
The  Passe-tyme  (^  Assure  (1606,  printed 
1516). 

Puoelle  {La)i  a  surname  given  to 
Joan  of  Arc  the  **Bfaid  of  Cleans'* 
(1410-1481). 

Pudlc.  generally  called  Hobgoblin. 
Same  as  Robin  Goodfellow.  Shakeapeare, 
in  Midsummer  NighVs  Dream,  repieseati 
him  as  **a  very  Shetlander  amon|^  the 
gossamer-winged,  dainty-limbed  fairies, 
strong  enough  to  knock  all  tlieir  heads 
together,  a  rough,  knuriy-limbckl,  fsym- 
&ced,  shock-pated,  mischievous  little 
urchin.** 

MB 


R«  (Oftnwil  nw0totb  Paek.  which 
lluti0Dbllii.  antfoa  him  doth  hSk, 
With  wonb  from  phrMiqr  apoken. 
"Hohl  hohl"  4iiothHol»:"Qodmv«joar 

Ongrtoa,  Mfm/M 

PndriJTlg    (Jaok),   a    gormandizing 


PUDDLR-DOCK  HILL. 


m$ 


FvncsL 


down.  In  French  ht  is  called  J«m 
Potage  ;  in  Dutch,  Pickei-Herrmge ;  in 
Italian  Macaroni;  in  German  John 
8auaag€  (Hanftwurst). 

Puddle-Dock  Hill,  St.  Andrew's 
Ilill,  Blackfriars,  leading  down  to  Puddle 
Wharf,  Ireland  Yard. 

PlljR  servant  of  captain  Loveit,  and 
busbana  of  Taz  of  whom  he  stands  in 
awe.— D.  Gamck,  if»«f  m  Her  liens 
(1768). 

Fuff  (Mr,)^  a  man  who  had  tried  his 
hand  on  everything  to  get  a  living,  and 
at  last  resorts  to  criticism.  He  says  of 
himself,  **I  am  a  practitioner  in  pane- 
gj'rie,  or  to  speak  more  plainly,  a  pro- 
fessor of  the  art  of  puflSng.** 

"1  fpm,*'  HvaPuff.  ••wtthadack  aMkina  to taiM 
im  awful  kUentioii  in  th*  audienc* ;  It  wkw  niarlu  th« 
Mm*,  which  k  four  o'dnck  In  the  mornlac  Mid  «res  a 
imsipHatk  oT  the  tiaknm  wn.  Mi4  •  Rraat  deel  ehonl 
fOdiug  the  eMtcrn  lMt^vkK».'^SkmU$n,  Tkt  Critic, 

"God  tDfMd.** Hvi  Mr  fuff.  "thet.  In  a  free  omintnr. 
■DtheflMWordiln  thehiMgutteAouId  heeaaraMedhr 
the  Usher  ch«ivt«n  «f  the  pZeee^-Mr  W.  ieet^  »• 
Drat 


Fufff  publisher.    He  says : 

'*PhiN«rrie  Mid  |nli*land  what  wOillMt  do  «lth 
the  nihUot  Whf.  who  will  plTe  money  to  be  Udd  that 
Mr.  Soch-a-qpe  le  a  wteer  and  better  nuui  than  bbmeirf 
H tob  no  I  'Ik  quite  iMid  dean  out  of  nature.  A  food  lout* 
Ini  eatlre,  now.  well  powdered  with  peraeaal  ptvv*f*  ood 
leaioned  with  the  ipbU  or  part7.  that  deoMMkhee  a 
conspicuous  character,  and  dnka  hhrt  below  our  own 
level.— there,  there,  wearepleaied;  there  we  dioekle  %nd 
mUk,  an4  toM  th«  hajtf-aoVai  mi  the  •oumer.'—Pefie. 
Th4  ratnm  (Vm). 

Pugr»  a  misdiierous  little  goblin, 
callad  **Puck**  by  Shakespeare.— B. 
JoBson,  The  Devil  ietmAsa  (1616). 

Puggie  Orroek,  a  sheriff's  officer  at 
FaTrport.— 8ir  W.  Scott,  2%«  jlnit^tiory 
(time,  George  III.). 

Pngna  Poroo'nun  (le,  *^  battle  of 
the  pige**)f  a  poem,  extending  to  several 
htmdred  lines,  in  which  every  word 
begins  with  the  letter /?. 

Pul'd  <X.),  poet  of  Florence  (1482- 

1487),  author  of  the  heroT-eomic  poem 

called  Morgante  Maagiorif  a  mixture  of 

the  biaarre,  the  serious,  and  the  comic, 

in  ridicule  of  the  romances  of  chivalry. 

This  Don  Juan  class  of  poetry  has  since 

been  caUed  Bemesqi»e,  from   Francesco 

Bern!  of  Tuscany,  who  greatly  excelled 

in  it. 

Puld  waa  lire  of  the  half-wrlous  rhjrme. 
Who  auis  when  ehhralry  was  mote  quixotk; 
And  revelled  in  the  butdee  of  the  thiie, 
ShM  ktt^ihti,  duiita  dames,  huge  giauta,  klnsi  daapntki. 

^ytoa,  Xion  y«mv  kr.  C  iUMI. 


Polia'no,  leader  of  the  l^^eeamthA, 
He  was  slain  by  Rinalde.  —  Arioalo, 
Orlando  Fmrioto  (1616). 

Pumbleobook,  unde  te  Joe  Gar- 

Sery  the  blacksmith.  He  was  a  w*ell-to- 
o  corn-chandler,  and  drove  his  own 
chaise-cart.  A  Imrd-breatfaing,  middle- 
a^ed,  alow  man  was  uncle  Pumblechookf 
with  fishy  eyes  and  sandy  hair  inqoisi- 
tivd^  on  end.  He  called  Pip,  in  hii 
facetious  way,  "six-pen'orth  of  baV 
pence  {*'  but  when  Pip  came  into  his 
fortune,  Mr.  Pumblecht>ok  waa  the  moek 
servile  ci  the  servile,  and  ended  almost 
every  sentence  with,  **  May  1,  Mr.  Pip  V* 
ue,  have  the  honour  of  shaking  handa 
with  you  again. — €.  Dickens,  Qreat  Es-m 
pectation9  (1860). 

Pompemiokel  (Hie  Trmitpareno]f\ 
a  nickname  by  whiofa  the  Titnee  satiriafd 
the  minor  German  prinees. 


whole  Mufaaluid  koat  im  the  ■■ia<le  aHMiml 
palice ;  and  their  whale  ivrenue  t^  aqpplkd 
oenlagioa  Ike  M>  tortad  on  atmnsiee  at  the 
nlokel  kiKMML— J^iM^  July  IS,  ISM. 

Puxnpldn  (Sir  Gilbert),  a  countoy 
gentleman  plagued  widi  a  ward  (Miss 
Kitty  Sprightly)  and  a  set  of  servants 
all  stage  mad.  He  enteirtains  captain 
Charles  Stanley  and  captain  Harry 
Stukely  at  Strawberry  Hall,  when  the 
former,  under  cover  of  acting,  makes 
love  to  Kitty  (an  heiress),  elopes  with 
her  and  marries  her. 

Miss  Bridiet  Pumpkin,  sister  of  sir 
Gilbert  of  Strawberry  HalL  A  Mrs. 
Malaprop.  She  says,  "The  Greeks,  the 
Romans,  and  tlie  Irish  are  barbariac 
nations  who  had  plays ;  **  but  sir  Gilbert 
says,  "they  were  aJl  Jacobites.*  She 
Bt)eaks  of  "taking  a  degree  at  our  prin- 
cipal adversity ;  ^  asks  "if  tlie  Muses  are 
a  family  living  at  Oxford,**  if  so,  she 
tells  captain  Stukely,  she  will  be  de- 
lighted to  "  see  them  at  Strawberry  Hall, 
with  any  other  of  his  friends.  Misa 
Pumpkin  hates  "  play  acting,**  but  does 
not  object  to  love-making. — Jack  man, 
AUthe  Worlds  a  8tag$. 

Pun.  Be  tpho  wmld  make  a  pvn, 
would  piek  a  pocket,  generally  ascribed  to 
Dr.  Jonnson.  but  has  been  traced  by  Moy 
Thomas  to  Dr.  Donne  (1573-1681), 

*«*  Dr.  Johnson  lived  1709-1784. 

Fundi,  derived  from  the  Latia  Msmi^ 
through  the  ItaliMu  PuUiemeUa,  U  waa 
originally  intended  as  a  <diaiacteriatio 
representiitiQU.    The  tale  is  this :  Pun^ 


_i 


PfTIKSB. 


mi 


PURQON. 


ia  *  fH  of  jeftlouy,  flnaigles  bis  ioffuit 
child,  wh«B  Jvdy  Hies  to  her  levengt. 
With  a  bludgeon  she  belaboan  ker 
husbMid,  till  he  becomes  so  exjupented 
that  he  snatches  the  bludgeon  from  her, 
knocks  her  brains  out,  and  flings  the 
dead  body  into  the  street  Here  it 
attracts  the  notice  of  a  police-officer, 
who  enters  the  house,  and  Punch  flies  to 
•ave  his  life.  He  is,  however,  arrested  by 
an  officer  of  the  Inquisition,  and  is  shut 
up  in  prison,  from  which  he  escapes  by  a 
golden  key.  The  rest  of  the  allegory 
shows  the  triumph  of  Punch  over  slander 
in  the  shape  of  a  dog^  disease  in  the 
guise  of  a  doctor,  death,  and  the  devlL 

Pojutaioae  was  a  Venetian  merchant; 
Dottore,  a  Boloj^ese  physician;  ^xi- 
vientOj  a  Neapolitan  bra^;^ocio ;  Putti- 
cmeUa.  a  wag  of  Apulia;  CHanqurgfito 
and  CooielU),  two  clowns  of  OslabrU; 
Qehomino^  a  Roman  beau;  Beitreons,  a 
Milanese  simpleton ;  Brigheila,  a  Ferraiese 
piaip;  tmd  ArUochm^  a  Unodering 
servant  of  Bereamo.  Ekeh  was  clad  in 
an  appropriate  dvess,  had  a  ehatacteffistic 
mask,  and  spoke  the  dialect  of  the  place 
he  represented. 

Besides  these,  there  were  Amor<i909  or 
Jnnamoratos^  with  their  servettas  or 
waiting-maids,  as  Smeraldina^  Colotnbina^ 
&paietta^  etc.,  who  spoke  Tuscan.— 
Walker,  On  the  Bevivat  of  the  Drama  m 
holy,  249. 

PiMcsft^  the  periodical.  The  first  cover 
was  designed  by  A.  S.  Ueuung;  the 
present  one  by  B.  Doyla. 

Piu#  (^Sjnon),  a  Pennsylvanian 
qnaker.  Being  about  to  visit  London 
to  attend  the  quarterly  meeting  of  bis 
sect,  he  brings  with  him  a  letter  of 
introduction  to  Obadiah  Prim,  a  rigid, 
stem  qnaker,  and  the  guardian  of  Anne 
Lovely  an  heiress  worth  £3O,OQ0. 
Colonel  Feifiinwell.  availing  himself  of 
this  letter  of  introduction,  passes  himself 
off  as  Simon  Pure,  and  gets  established 
as  the  accepted  suitor  of  the  heiress. 
Presently  the  real  Simon  Pure  makes  his 
appearance,  and  is  treated  as  an  impostor 
■nd  swindler.  The  colonel  hastens  on 
the  marriage  arrangements,  and  has  na 
sooner  completed  them^  than  Master 
Simon  re-appean,  with  witnesses  to  prove 
his  identity ;  bnt  it  is  too  late,  and  colonel 
Feignwell  fredy  acknowledges  the  **  bold 
stroke  he  has  made  for  a  wife." — Mrs. 
CentUvre,  A  Botd  Stroke  pt  «  yr%fe 
(1717).  ^ 

.  Porefoy  (JTasto-),  former  tutor  of 


Dr.  Anthony  Rocheeliffe  the  plottaig 
royalist.— Sir  W.  Scott,  WbodMocA  (time, 
Commonwealth). 

Purgatory,  by  Dantg,  in  thir^-tfiree 
cantos    (1308).     Having  emerged  from 
hell,  Dant£  saw  in  the  southern  hemisphere 
four  stars,  **  ne*er  seen  before,  save  by 
our  first  parents.**    The  stars  were  sym- 
bolical   of    the   four    cardinal   virtues 
(prudence,  justice,    fortitude,  and  tem- 
perance).   Taming  round,  he   observed 
old  (>ito,  who  said  that  a  dane  from 
heaven  had   sant  him  to    prepare   the 
Tuscan  poet  for  passing  through  Pur* 
gatoiy.    Aocordin^y,  with  a  slender  reed 
old  Cato  gisded  him.  and  from  his  face 
he  washed  ''all  sordid  stain,**  restoring 
to  his  faoe  "that  hue  which  the   dun 
shades  of  hell   had   covered  and   con- 
cealed*' (canto  i.).  D^ntd  then  followed 
his  guide  Vir^  to  a  huge  mountain  in 
mid-ocean  anUpodal  to  Judea,  and  began 
the  aseeat.    A  party  of  spiriU  weref erried 
over  at  the  same  time    by  an   angel, 
amongst  whom  was  Casella,  a  musicum, 
one  of  Dante's  friends.    The  mountain,  he 
tells    us»  is  divided  into   tenaces,  and 
termiiuMies  in  Ewrthly  Paradise,  which  is 
separated  from  it  by  two  rivers— Lethd 
and  En'noe  (2  #^/.).   The  first  eight  cantos 
are  occupied  by  the  ascent,  and  then  they 
come  to  the   gate  of  Purgatory.     This 
gate  is  appM>ached  by  three  staiis  (faith, 
penitenoe,  and  piety) ;  the  first  stair  ia 
tiansparent   white    marble,  as  dear  as 
crystal ;  the  seeeod  is  black  and  cncked ; 
and  the  third  is  of  Uood-sed  porphyry 
(canto  ix.).  The  porter  marked  on  Diyrt^^ 
forehead,  seven  P's  {feooaka^  *'mns**),  and 
told  him    he  would  lose  one  at  arerv 
sta^  till  he  reached  the  river  which 
divided  Purgatory  from  Paradise.    Vir- 
ffil  continuea  his  miide  till  they  catne  to 
Lethe,  when  he  left  him    during  sleep 
(canto  XXX.).    Dantd  was  then  dragged 
through  the  river  Leth^   di^snk  ofthe 
waters  of  Eunfie,  and  met  Beatrice,  who 
conducted  him  till   he   arrived  at   the 
"sphere  of  unbodied  light,**  when  she 
les^^ed  her  office  to  St.  Bernard. 

Parffon,  one  of  the  doctots  in 
Moli^re^  comedy  of  Le  Maiaie  Jmoj^ 
noire.  When  the  patient*s  brother 
interfered,  and  sent  the  apothecary  away 
with  his  clysteiB,  Dr.  rurgon  got  into 
a  towering  rage,  and  threatened  to  leave 
the  house  and  never  more  to  visit  it.  He 
then  said  to  the  patient,  "Que  vous 
tombiez  dans  la  bradypepsie  .  ,  •  de  la 
bradypepsie  dans  la  dyspepsie  .  •  •  de  la 

a  r 


PUBITANI. 


902 


PYGMY, 


dyspepsie  dmns  Tapeprie  •  •  •  de  Fapepsit 
duM  U  lienterie  .  .  .  de  la  lienterie  dans 
la  dyssenterie  •  .  .  de  la  dyssenterie  dans 
lliydropine  •  .  .  et  Thydropiaie  daoi  la 
privation  de  la  vie." 

Voln  M.  nB)|oM«  .  .  •  cm!  n  ijoimw  toot  ■wokIb 
depab  la  tito  jutqn*  axz  pieds;  un  hoinme  qni  erott  4  mi 
rijim  pku  qa'  A  toutet  1«  Moioiutnitioiis  dm  matM* 
wHqati.  at  qol  croliBit  da  oriuM  a  1h  Tovlolr  MOHnincr : 
•al  M  voir  rim  d*olMeiir  &um  la  tuMtdnt,  rton  d« 
JotHmoi,  riend*  dUBdto ;  et  qui.  atmum  ImpMuMlM  4* 
prAfMitkMi,  one  rokUur  da  codIUiws.  OB*  brataUtd  d«  MM 
qonuB—  at  da  mhou.  donna  •■  timvan  das  pargsUoai  al 
daa  mtwntm.  at  aa  bahnca  aaoMa  ahaaa.— MolMra,  L» 
Maimd9  Ima0lmttir$,  BL  i(lC9. 

Furita'ni  (i),  "  the  puritan,**  that  it 
Elvi'ia,  dangfater  of  lord  Walton  also  a 
puritan,  affianced  to  Ar'tnro  (iord  Arthur 
Talbot)  a  cavalier.  On  the  dav  of 
espousals,  Artnro  aids  Enrichetta  (Hen- 
rietta. Widow  of  Chttrie$  /.)  to  escape ; 
and  Elvira,  supposing  that  he  is  eloping, 
loses  her  reason.  On  his  retnm,  Artnro 
explains  the  Het  to  Elvira,  and  they  vow 
nothing  on  earth  shall  part  them  more, 
when  Artnro  is  arrested  for  treason,  and 
led  off  to  execution.  At  this  crisis,  a 
herald  announces  iSb%  defeat  of  the 
Stuarts,  and  Cromwell  pardons  all  politi- 
cal offenders,  whereupon  Artnro  is  re- 
leased, and  marries  Elvira. — Belltni*B 
opera,  I  Puritani  (1884). 

(The  libretto  of  this  opera  is  by  a 
Pepoli.) 

Parley  (DnwrsMMis  o^,  a  work  on  the 
analvsis  and  etymology  of  English  words, 
by  John  Home,  the  son  of  a  poulterer  in 
London.  In  1782  he  assomed  the  name 
of  Tooke,  from  Mr.  Tooke  of  Purley,  in 
Surrey,  with  whom  he  often  stayed,  and 
who  left  him  £8000  (voLi.,  1786;  voLii.* 
1806). 

Purple  Island  (The),  the  hmnaa 
bodv.  It  is  the  name  of  a  poem  in 
t^t'elve  cantos,  by  Phineas  Tletcher 
(IGdS).  Canto  i.  Introduction.  Cantos 
ii.-v.  An  anatomical  description  of  the 
human  body,  considered  as  an  island 
kingdom.  Canto  vi.  The  *MnteUec- 
tual**  man.  Canto  vii.  The  ** natural 
man,**  with  its  affections  and  lusts. 
<;anto  viii.  llie  world,  the  flesh,  and 
the  devil,  as  the  enemies  of  man. 
Cantos  ix.,  x.  llie  friends  of  man  who 
enable  him  to  overcome  these  enemies. 
Cantos  xi.,  xii.  llie  battle  of  "  Mansoul,*' 
the  triumph,  and  the  marriage  of  Eclecta. 
The  whole  is  supposed  to  be  sung  to 
shepherds  by  ThiisU  a  shepherd. 


heart.**   Fully   deseribed  in  canto  viii. 
(Latin,  pmeiUue,  **  posillanimous.**) 

Pu88  in  Boots,  from  (Charles  Per- 
rault*s  tale  Le  Chat  Botte  (1$97>. 
Perrsult  borrowed  the  tale  from  the 
Nights  of  Straparola  an  Italian.  Stia- 
parola*s  Nights  were  translati^  into 
French  in  1585,  and  PerrauU*s  Contes  de 
F€es  were  published  in  1697.  Ludwig 
Tieck,  the  German  novelist,  reproduced 
the  same  tale  in  his  Volksm&rchen  (1795), 
called  in  German  Der  GestiefeUe  Kater, 
The  cat  is  marvellously  accomplished, 
and  by  ready  wit  or  ingenious  tricks 
secures  a  fortune  and  royal  wife  for  his 
master,  a  penniless  young  miller,  who 
passes  under  the  name  of  ttie  marqun  de 
uar'abas.  In  the  Italian  tele,  puss  is 
called  *<  Constantine's  cat.** 

Putrid  Plain  {The),  the  battie-field 
of  Aix,  in  Provence,  where  Marias  over- 
threw the  Teutons,  b.g.  102. 

Pwyll's  Bag  {Prinee)^  a  bag  thai 
it  was  impossible  to  filL 


OMaaHioa  te  ky  ikjmU.  cbd  la  nsSid  ttvmtw^  tmk 
boMlns  »  bas  Ib  Uqr  band,  and  mk.  aotUngtat  »  lagM 
•rfbo^aadlvOleaaaft  OM  If  afl  tha  mmX  sad  Hqaor 
that  ara  in  than  tevan  caatravaa  vara  pat  teto  tC  it 
vonld  ba  M>  ftinar  tkan  baiocau— 3'»a  JtoMMviaa  r  rvjA 
Friaoa  or  Dyvad."  twatflh  aanturyK 

Pygmalion,  the  statuary  of  Cypnia. 
He  resolved  never  to  marry,  but  became 
enamoured  of  his  own  ivory  statue, 
which  Venus  endowed  with  life,  and  the 
statuary  married.  Morris  has  a  poem  on 
the  subject  in  his  EarUdy  roradim 
("August**), 


VaB  ta  looa  vita 
Aadid  Pyruallan  witk  bbcarvSd 


%*  Lord  Brooke  calls  the  statue  ^a 
carved  tree.**  Inhere  is  a  vegetable  ivory, 
no  doubt,  one  of  the  palm  species,  and 
(here  is  the  e6on  tree^  the  wood  of  which 
b  black  as  jet.  The  former  could  not  be 
known  to  Pygmalion,  but  the  latter 
might,  as  Virgil  speaks  of  it  in  his 
Georgics,  ii.  117,  "India  nigrum  fert 
ebenum.**  Probably  lord  Brooke  blun- 
dered from  the  resemblance  between  ebor 
(*<  ivory  **)  and  ebon^  in  Latin  "  ebenum.** 

Pyjgmy,  a  dwarf.  The  pygmies  were 
a  nation  of  dwarfs  ^ways  at  war  with 
the  cranes  of  Scythia.  They  were  not 
above  a  foot  high,  and  lived  somewhere  at 
the  "  end  of  the  earth  **— either  in  Thiace, 
Ethiopia,  India,  or  the  Upper  Nile.  The 
pygmy  women  were  mothers  at  the  a^ 
of  three,  snd  old  women  at  eight.  Tbetr 
houses  were  built  of  egg-shells.  They 
cut  down  a  blade  of  wheat  with  an  axe 
and  hatchet,  as  we  fell  huge  forest  trees* 


PYKB  AND  PLUCK. 


9M 


PYTHAGORAS. 


One  6mYf  they  letolved  to  attack  Her- 
cnl^  ia  his  sleep,  and  went  to  work  as  in 
a  si^e.  An  anuy  attacked  each  hand, 
and  Uie  archers  attacked  the  feet.  Her- 
calSc  awoke,  and  with  the  paw  of  his  lion- 
akin  overwhelmed  the  whole  host,  and 
carried  them  captive  to  king  Eurystheas. 

Swift  has  availed  himself  of  this 
Grecian  fable  in  his  GuiUvet^i  Travels 
(•*  UUiput,"  1726). 

Fyke  and  Pluok  (MesBrs.)^  the 
tools  and  toadies  of  sir  Mulberry  Hawk. 
They  langh  at  all  his  jokes,  snnb  all  who 
attempt  to  rival  their  patron,  and  are 
ready  to  swear  to  an3rthing  sir  Mulberry 
wishes  to  be  confirmed. — C  Dickens, 
HichoUu  Nickieby  (1838). 

Pylades  and  Orestes,  inseparable 
friends.  PyladSs  was  a  ne[Miew  of  king 
Agamemnon,  and  Orestds  was  Aga- 
memnon's son.  The  two  cousins  con- 
tracted a  friendship  which  has  become 
proverbial.  Subsequently,  PyladSs  mar- 
ried Ore8t£s*s  sister  Electra. 

lagrange-Chancel  has  a  French  drama 
9mti&d&-esU§tPyla(k(l69b).  Voltaire 
slio  ^Oreste^  1750).  The  two  characters 
are  intiodnced  into  a  host  of  plays, 
Greek,    Italian,    French,    and    English. 

(See  AXDBOMACHB.) 

Fyrao'mon,  one  of  Vulcan's  work- 
noen  in  the  smithy  of  mount  Etna.  (Greek, 
pur  akmdn,  **  fire  anvil.**) 

Fkr  pawing  Bronteui  or  Pjmanon  mtt. 
The  wfaidt  in  Lipwi  do  day  sad  nii^ 
FiBBM  Umnderbolu  for  Jovci 

SfwwMr.  FMrg  qmtn,  tw.  S  (UN). 

Pyramid.  According  to  Diodo'ms 
Sic'ulns  (Hist.,  i.),  and  Pliny  (Nat. 
Jii$t.,  xxxv'u  12),  there  were  860,000 
men  employed  for  nearly  twenty  years 
apon  one  of  the  pyramids. 

The  laigest  pyramid  was  bnilt  by 
Cheops  or  Snphis,  the  next  largest  by 
Cephrte^  or  Sen-Sn|)his,  and  the  third 
by  Mencher^  last  king  of  the  fourth 
Egyptian  d^'nosty,  said  to  have  lived 
before  the  birth  of  Abraham. 

The  TMrd  Ptframid,  Another  tradition 
Is  that  the  third  pyramid  was  built  by 
khod5pis  or  Rhodope,  theGreek  courtezan. 
Khodopis  means  the  **  rosy-cheeked.** 

Hw  Bkodo0«  tlMt  bant  tk«  PTnunld. 

TMiiijrtoo,  Th*  Ftiimetm,  IL  (18M). 

Pyramid  of  Mexica  This  pyramid 
is  said  to  have  been  built  in  the  reign  of 
Monteanma  emperor  of  Mexico  ^1466- 
1520).  Its  base  is  double  the  size  of 
Cheops*B  pyramid,  that  is,  1423  feet  each 
aide,  but  its  height  does  not  exceed  104 
ieet.    It  stands  west  of  Puebla,  faces  the 


four  cardinal  points,  was  used  as  a 
mausoleum,  and  is  usually  called  **The 
Pyramid  of  Cholula.** 

Pyr'amos  (in  Latin  Pyrdmus),  the 
lover  of  Thisb&  Supposing  Thisbd  had 
been  torn  to  pieces  by  a  lion,  Pyramos 
stabs  himself  in  his  unutterable  grief 
"  under  a  mulberry  tree.*'  Here  TUsbd 
finds  the  dead  body  of  her  lover,  and 
kills  herself  for  grief  on  the  same  spot. 
Ever  since  then  the  juice  of  this  fruit  has 
been  blood-stained. — Greek  MythoUxfy. 

Shakespeare  has  introduced  a  burlesque 
of  this  pretty  love  story  in  his  Midstunnter 
NiijhVs  Dream^  but  Ovid  has  told  the  tale 
beautifully. 

Pyre'ni,  the  Pyrenees. 

Who  \B0mry  r.]k7 Us  ooovMrinc  wmmA  ihodi  d  flM 

labdnnpriM, 
Which  tvizt  th«  PwiennMWir  and  Um  PTrral  net. 

M.  DrajrlMi.  folgttHon.  br.  (l«IS|l 

([Penmenmaur,  a  hill  in  Caernarvon- 
shire.) 

Pyrgo  Polini'ees,  an  extravagant 
blusterer.  TThe  word  means  **  tower  and 
town  taker.*^) — Plautus,  Miiee  Glorhsus, 

If  th«  moimn  r«ad*r  knows  nothing  of  Pytso  Pollnlofs 
•ndThnuo.  Pistol  and  PandMs ;  If  he  l«  shut  oat  from  No> 
phdo<;oMnin.  ho  majr  tak*  i«ri«e  ia  LiUiiwt.— MMMihir. 

♦,♦  "Thraso,**  a  bully  in  Terence 
(The  £unuch);  '* Pistol,'*  in  the  Merry 
Wives  of  Windsor  and  2  Jlenry  IV.  ; 
«*Parolles,"  in  AlCs  WeU  that  Ends  Well; 
**  Nephelo-Coccygia '*  or  cloud  cuckoo- 
town,  in  Aristophanes  ( The  Birds)  ;  and 
"  Lilliput,'*  in  Swift  (GvUiver's  Travels). 

Py'rocles  (8  syl.)  and  his  brother 
Cy'mocles  (8  syL),  sons  of  Acra't^  {in- 
continence),  The  two  brothers  are  about 
to  strip  sir  Guyon,  when  prince  Arthur 
comes  up  and  slays  both  of  them. — 
Spenser,  Fagry  Q^een,  iL  8  (1590). 

Pyrocles  and  Musidorus,  heroes, 
whose  exploits  are  told  by  sir  Philip 
Sidney  in  his  Arcadia  (1681). 

Pyr'rho,  the  founder  of  the  sceptics 
or  Pyrrhonian  school  of  philosophy.  He 
was  a  native  of  Elis,  in  Peloponne'sus, 
and  died  at  the  age  of  90  (b.c.  286). 

It  b  a  pisawnt  vqjraga.  perhaiM,  to  Soat. 
Ilka  Pynho.  on  a  soa  of  siweubUion. 

*«*  t  c  Pyrrhonism  "  means  absolute  and 
unlimited  infidelity. 

Pytha^'oras,  the  Greek  philosopher, 
who  is  said  to  have  invented  tb<*  lyre 
from  bearing  the  sounds  produced  by  a 
blacksmith  hammering  iron  on  his  anvil. 
—See  Dictionary  of  Phrase  and  Fable,  722. 

As  |3*tt  l*]tlia«oras  of  jore, 
fitMMUng  basiua  Um  Uaokanith'a  4om, 


PTTHU8. 


•04 


QUACK& 


a  «  .  faraMd  the  MVMI-CbonMd  l|W> 

Lm«MIov.  fivsCMM. 

Hmndel  wrote  an  ^  air  with  vmmtioiu** 
which  be  called  The  ffctrmoniouM  Black' 
tmiik,  mid  to  have  been  taggested  by  the 
aoancU  proceeding  from  a  Mnithy,  where 
he  heard  the  village  blacksmiths  swinging 
their  heavy  sledges  **  with  measured  beat 
and  slow/ 

PjrthHas,  a  Syiacosian  soMier,  noted 
for  nis  friendship  for  Damon.  When 
Damon  was  condemned  to  death  by 
Dionysios  the  new-made  king  of  Syra- 
cnse^  Pythias  obtained  for  him  a  respite 
of  SIX  hoars,  to  go  and  bid  fiuvwell  to 
his  wife  and  child.  The  condition  of  this 
respite  was  that  Pjrthias  should  be  boondi 
ana  even  executed,  if  Damon  did  not 
return  at  (he  hour  appointed.  Damon 
returned  in  due  time,  and  Dion^jrsius  was 
so  struck  with  this  proof  of  friendship, 
that  he  not  only  pardoned  Damon,  but 
even  begged  to  be  ranked  among  hb 
friends,  xbe  day  of  execution  was  the 
day  that  Pythias  was  to  have  been  married 
to  Calantb& — Damon  and  PytkUu^  a 
drama  by  K.  Edwards  (1671),  and  another 
by  John  Banim  in  1825. 

Python*  a  hnge  serpent  engendered 
from  the  mud  of  the  deluge,  and  slain 
by  Apollo.  In  other  words,  pytho  is  the 
miasma  or  mist  from  the  evaporation  of 
the  overflow,  dried  up  by  the  sun. 
(Greek,  jAtthetihcti,  "to  rot ; **  because 
the  serpoii  was  left  to  lot  In  the  son.) 


Q  {Old)^  file  earl  of  March,  afterwards 
duke  of  Queensberry,  at  the  close  of  the 
last  century  and  the  beginning  of  tliis. 

Quaoks  {Noted). 

Bkchic,  known  for  his  **  cough  pills,** 
consisting  of  digitaltSf  white  oxiae  of  anti- 
mon^,  and  (ifuohoe.  Sometimes,  but 
erroneously,  called  "Beecham's  magic 
cough  pills." 

BooKEB  {John),  astrologer,  etc.  (1601- 
1667). 

Bo8ST  (Dr,),  a  Gennan  b^  birth.  He 
was  well  known  in  the  beginning  of  the 
nineteenth  century  in  Covent  Garden,  and 
in  other  parts  of  London. 


m   uaiwo  m. 

LoienaiL    the 

Jeer  of  Ktmtf 

AUasmdro  dl 


Bbodvm  (eijisfatecnth  ecntqry).  His 
**  nervous  cordial  **  consisted  of  ^tmiiam 
root  infused  in  gin,  SubneguenHy,  a 
little  bark  was  added. 

Caoliostro,  the  prince  of  ^nacks. 
His  proper  name  was  Joseph  Raloamo, 
and  nis  father  was  Pietro  fialaamo  «C 
Palermo.  He  married 
daughter  of  a  girdle-maker 
called  himself  the  count 
Cagliostro,  and  his  wife  the 
Seraphina  di  Cagliostro.  He  professed 
to  heal  every  diswtse,  to  abolish  wrinkles, 
to  predict  future  events,  and  waa  a  grsafe 
mesmerist.  He  styled  himself  *' Grand 
C^ophta,  Prophet,  anid  Thaumatuxjge.'*  Hii 
"EgyptUn  pills**  sold  laicdy  at  SOs. 
a  box  (174a-1795).  One  of  the  famous 
noveb  of  A.  Dumaa  is  Jotepk  Balmmt 
(1845). 

B»  hmi  %Ui.mmhhtit'.  *f9 

A  fOfVlMMl 


fanfvft 


-'euitu,Mfȴ 


•f    lims    Regii, 


Casb  {Dr.  Johi), 
Dorsetshire.  His 
into  Cssmt,  and  hence  be  was  soi 
called  Dr.  Cheese.  He  was  boni  In  the 
feign  of  Charles  II.,  and  died  m  tfuit  «f 
Anne.  Dr.  Case  was  the  aatimr  tff  the 
Afujetic  Guide,  a  kind  vf  ZmdUttM  ASma- 
miCf  and  over  his  door  was  this  con  plat; 

WlUUntklii 
UvmDt. 


I 


of  qwM%t  iludl  Johi  « la  thli  ] 
SiMt  Ukltm  4Bvn  to  Dr.  Ck«u 

(kith.  iN««»«rr.  «t  pMi 

Clakkb,  noted  for  his  "  world-faoMd 
blood-mixture**  (end  «f  the  nineteenth 
century). 

CocKLB  {James),  known  fbr  his  anti- 
biHous  pills,  advertised  as  "the  oldest 
patent  medicine**  (nineteenth  eentaiy). 

Fbaicks  {Dr,  Tmothy),  who  lived  is 
Old  Bailey,  was  the  rival  of  Dr.  Rock. 
Franks  was  a  very  tall  man,  while  hit 
rival  was  short  and  stout  (1692-1768). 

Dr.  Pmnki;  P.O.aH..  calls  lik  rival  "PampHa*  Mck,* 
.  ..SuratlMwoiU  tovMi  •aongt  lor  two  s>««t  »w— • 
awa.  llMio(MlMieatfMNiMI««aeoalro«mrtoilMttttli 
world. . . .  and  tb«n  w«  misht  tea  Rock  and  Fimnk*  wmlk- 
tag  UnMUMr  handln-kaad.  MaUInc  oavard  «o  ImaMnaBd; 
■  CnldMUk.  A  ditam^tkt  ITorid,  Icvitt.  (Um^ 

Graham  {Dr,),  of  the  Temple  erf 
Health,  first  in  the  Adelphi,  then  in  Pall 
Mall.  He  sold  hU  "elixir  of  life**  for 
£1000  a  bottle,  waa  noted  for  his  mod 
baths,  and  for  his  "  celestial  bed,**  which 
assured  a  beautiful  progeny.  He  died 
poor  in  1784. 

Grant  {Dr,),  first  a  tinker,  then  a  bap- 
tist preacher  in  Sonthwarfc,  theo  ooulist 
to  queen  Anne. 


lie  "  momitsbuik  Uiloi"  vu  Di. 
;  M  below.) 
(^■). 

jd  Mevtd  pniiua. 

.*  Dr.  Sandgndo  prescribed  botwatv 
mad  atcwcd  ■pples. — Lenee,  OH  Bin. 

Dr.    Kcaio  of   BuUaria  would  bIIot 
SuDcho  Pbdu  to  eat  only  "■  few  wafer*, 
'  *     "  0  of  qninoe." — Cer- 


HoUowsy'a 
of  Albinofe'«i  being  Huljied 
by  oidsi  of  the  Fnnd  law-coarU,  it  wai 
JetlareJ  to  eoonit  of  bitlttr,  lard,  kku^ 
ud  Vtnia  IwMluM.  Ui>  pilli  an 
aaada  «<  aha,  jalap,  gmoir,  aad  aiyrrA. 

KATnrBLi£U>r.);  tlN  iaOmnn 
decWc.  Hi  wu  a  tall  maa,  drawed  is 
m.  black  gown  and  iqiiara  cap,  and 
wai  OTigiiwlly  a  commoa  aoldicr  in  the 
I'ninian  Kmcc  la  1782  be  exbibited 
in  London  hli  eobir  microacope,  and 
cmted  immcnie  excitcmeDt  by  ahowing 
the  infiuoria  of  ninddy  water,  etc  Dr. 
Katerlello  oied  to  lajr  tbat  he  wu  the 
great** 


began 

■ct  np  B(  a  enrer  of  consumptiDn,  ifaeu- 
BaaHim,  and  foui.  Kia  profeuisn  bnnight 
him  wMltb,  aod  bt  Kvad  In  Harlcy  Street, 
OiTendudi  Sqaara.  St.  Joha  Long  died 
kimtelf  of  mud  ominnaptian  (1T9S-18S4). 

HArp  <i/ri.),  boaa-MUer.  She  was 
bora  at  Bpwna,  aad  at  one  tine  wm  Toy 
lit*,  bat  aba  died  in  grtU  pevei^  at  bar 
lodgioEi  ia  Sereo  Diali,  1787. 

*a*  Uegaith  haa  introdoced  her  in  hia 
bermldie  jnctnre,  "The  Uadertakeri' 
Anaa."  SIm  ia  tlie  middle  of  the  thne 
Sgnrta  at  tb«  top,  and  ia  boldiag  a  bane 
in  her  hand. 


■ QUACIta. 

MooM  (VK  JokH),  of  the  Peitle  and 
Mortar,  Abchnrch  Une,  immnrtillud  by 
hie  "  worm-pottder,"  and  cmlied  the 
"Worm  DodOT"  (died  IT3S). 

HoRisoH  (Dr.),  famoog  for  hia  pill< 
(oonsbting  cj  aloilt  sad  crean  of  tartar. 

and  Cooth-pow 

tertiiera  of  the  nmeteenth  eentaty. 

Partkiimib,  cobbler,  aatndoger,  alna- 
nac-niaker,  and  quack  (died  ITOB). 

Bead  (Sir  YfUHam),  a  tailor,  who  act 
Bpfor  Dcoliat,  and  waa  knigbted  bTqneen 
. -.^: 1 .....^  j„^  1^ 


irsxti 


"Katph" 


-f-  luv  --  vBipu  fefeirad  to  ia 
Kalph  Montagu,  ton  of  Edward  MaO' 
lasa,  ereated  viwonnt  in  1692,  aad  duke 
of  IfoDtagD  in  1705  (died  I7D8). 

Rock  (£r.  Rkiari)  profeaaed  to  cue* 
iTtiy  diisaac^  at  any  Man  tliereof.  Ao- 
aardiDK  to  hu  billa,  **  lie  your  diaorder 
never  ao  fai  gone,  1  can  curt  you,"  He 
waa  •hart  >n  atatur*  and  fat,  ajvaya  wore 
a  white  three-tailed  wig,  nicely  ootubed 
and  trilled  upon  each  cheek,  carried  a 
canei  and  waddled  in  hi*  gait  (dgbteenth 
cento  ly). 


s.xs.-tx 


Smitb  [Pt.\  who  weot  ahoBt  tlM 
ennntiy  in  tka  eigbteeMh  centuij  im  hia 
coach  with  (Miroatriden  Iledmacdin 
black  velvet,  and  cured  any  diaeaaa  for 
■ixpence.  "  Hia  amuaentents  on  the  sta^e 


SoiAMoa    (Dr.),  dgbteentb  ctnturjt. 


QUAGKLEBEN. 


mm 


QUld£M, 


His  '*anti-iiDpeti|;i]iei*'  wm  simply  a 
solution  of  btchionde  of  mercury  coloured. 

Tatlob  {Dr,  Chevalier  John).  He 
called  himself  ''  OpUuUmiDStor,  Ponti- 
iicial,  Imperial,  ana  Royal."  It  is  said 
that  five  of  his  horses  were  blind  from 
experiments  tried  by  him  on  their  eyes 
(died  1767). 

*«*  Hoearth  has  introduced  Dr.  Taylor 
in  his  '*  Undertakers*  Arms.**  He  is  one 
of  the  three  figures  at  the  top,  to  the  left 
hand  of  the  spectator. 

Uniiorv  Dootor  (7^),  of  Moorfields. 
Hot  being  bom  a  doctor,  he  called  him- 
self ••  The  Un-bom  Doctor." 

Walker  (Dr.),  one  of  the  three  great 
quacks  of  the  eighteenth  century,  tiie 
others  being  Dr.  Rock  and  Dr.  Timothy 
Franks.  Dr.  Walker  had  an  abhorrence 
of  quacks,  and  was  for  ever  cautioning 
the  public  not  to  trust  them,  but  come  at 
once  tfi  him^  adding,  '*  there  is  not  such 
anothel  medicine  in  the  world  as  mine.** 

Not  for  hhnwif  bat  for  Idi  eoaatry  k*  prapan*  hit 
SiriUpot.Mid  Mali  np  hb  prKtoatdropt  for  anj  floaatiy 


or  WKj  tova.  ao  great  b  hit  naJ  and  phnanthropf.— 
nnMwitth.  A  cmatmtfOt  WitrU,  IzvUL  (1780). 

Ward  (/>r.),  a  footman,  fiMuoos  for 
hU  «<  friars*  balsam.**  He  was  called  in 
to  prescribe  to  George  11.,  and  died  1761, 
Dr.  Ward  had  a  claret  stain  on  his  left 
cheek,  and  in  Hogarth*s  femous  picture, 
**The  Undertakers'  Arms,**  the  cheek  is 
marked  gules.  He  occupies  the  right 
hand  side  of  the  spectator,  and  forms  one 
of  the  triumvirate,  the  others  being  Dr. 
Taylor  and  Mrs.  Mapp. 

Dr.  RirlCus  and  Dr.  Tom  Saffold  an 
also  known  names. 

Quaokleben  (Dr.  QuetUin),  «the 
man  of  medicine,**  one  of  the  committee 
at  the  Spa.— Sir  W.  Scott,  £it,  £onam'$ 
WeU  (time,  (korge  III.). 

Quadroon.  Zambo  is  the  issue  o< 
an  Indian  and  a  Kegro;  MtUatto,  of  a 
Whiteman  and  a  Negress;  I'erteronj  of 
a  Whiteman  and  a  Mulatto  woman; 
Quadroon,  of  a  Terzeron  and  a  White. 

Quaint  (Tunothy),  servant  of  gover- 
nor Heartall.  Timothy  is  '*  an  odd  fish, 
that  loves  to  swim  in  troubled  waters.** 
He  says,  **I  never  laugh  at  the  govemor*s 
ffood  humours,  nor  frown  at  his  infirmities. 
T  always  keep  a  sober,  steady  phix.  fixed 
as  the  gentleman's  on  horseback  at  Charing 
Cross;  and,  in  his  worst  of  humoursi 
when  all  is  fire  and  faggots  with  him,  if 
I  turn  round  and  coolly  sar,  'Lord,  sir, 
has  anything  rufifed  your*  he'll  burst 
out  into  an  immoderate  fit  of  laughter, 
and  exdaiffl,  *  Curse  that  inflexible  ince 


of  thine!  Though  yov  never  saffer  a 
smile  to  mantle  on  it,  it  is  a  figure  of  fun 
to  the  rest  of  the  worhl.*  **— Qierry,  The 

8oidier*s  Daughter  (1804). 

Quaker  Poet  (The),  Bernard  Bart<m 
(1784-1849). 

Quale  (MrX  a  phiUmthropist,  noted 
for  his  bald,  shining  forehttd.  Mrs. 
Jelljrby  hopes  her  diuighter  Csddy  will 
beoome  Qnale's  wife.— ^Suuies  Dickens, 
Bieak  Houm  (1868). 

Quarl  (Philip),  a  sort  of  Robinson 
Crusoe,  who  had  a  chimpanzee  for  his 
"man  Friday.**  The  story  consists  of  the 
adv^tures  and  suflferings  of  an  English 
hermit  named  Philip  Quari  (1727). 

Quasimo'do*  a  foundling,  hideoudy 
deformed,  but  of  enormous  muscular 
strength,  adopted  by  archdeacon  FroUo. 
He  is  brought  up  in  the  cathedral  of  Notn 
Dame  de  Paris.  One  day,  he  sees  Esme- 
ralda, who  had  been  dancing  in  the 
cathedral  elote,  set  upon  by  a  mob  as 
a  witch,  and  he  eooceals  her  for  a  time 
in  the  church.  When,  at  length,  the 
beautiful  gipsy  girl  is  gibbeted,  Quasimodo 
disappears  mysteriouslv,  but  a  skeleton 
corresponding  to  the  dcrformed  figure  is 
found  after  a  time  in  a  hole  under  the 

?'bbet.~Victor  Hugo,  Noirv  Dame  de 
aris  (1881). 

Quatre  Fils  Asrmon  (Zes),  the 
four  sons  of  the  duke  of  Dordona  iDor" 
dogne).  Their  names  are  Rinaldo,  Guic- 
ciardo,  Alardo,  and  Ricciardetto  (i.#. 
Renaudj  Guiscard,  Alard,  and  Kichazd)* 
and  their  adventures  form  the  subject  of 
an  old  French  romance  by  Huon  de  Vil- 
leneuve  (twelfth  century). 

Quaver,  a  singing-master,  who  says 
"  if  it  were  not  for  singing-masters,  mea 
and  women  might  as  well  have  been  bom 
dumb.**  He  courts  Lucy  by  promising 
to  give  her  singing  lessons. — ^Fielding^ 
The  Virgin  Unmasked, 

Queen  {The  Starred  JSthioo),  OMsi- 
opCa,  wife  of  Cepheus  (2  euL)  king  of 
Ethiopia.  She  boasted  that  she  was  fairer 
than  the  sea-njmphs,  and  the  offended 
nereids  complained  of  the  insult  to  Nep- 
tune, who  sent  a  sea-monster  to  ravage 
Ethiopia.  At  death^  Cassiopea  was  made 
a  constellation  of  thirteen  stars. 


.  .  .  that  starred  Bthiop  quooM  tbat 
Tb  Mt  Imt  boaiitir's  pmlje  abova 
Hm  MarBjiupliB.  and  tMr  povan  oSitadBd. 

/I  i^ONMroM.  IS  a< 


Qu^en  (ITie    White),  Mary  queen   of 
Scots,  La  Jteine  Blanche;  to  called  b} 


QUEEN  DICK. 


807 


QUERPO. 


tbe  Frendi,  beeaiue  ihe  dressed  in  white 
as  mourning  for  her  husbaod. 

Queen  IMck.  Richard  Cromwell 
(1626,  1668-1660rdied  1712). 

**  *  It  happened  in  the  reign  of  queen 
Ihck^  never,  on  the  Greek  kalends.  This 
does  not  JtSer  to  Richard  Cromwell,  but 
to  queen  <*Ontis.'*  There  never  was  a 
queen  Dick,  except  by  way  of  joke. 

Queen     Saitth,     Sarah     Jennings 
dm^ess  of  Marlborough  (1660-1744). 
>OT<rnigDed,whlli 


Queen  Square  Hermit,  Jeremy 
Benthani,  1,  Queen  Square.  London 
(1748-1832). 

Queen  of  Hearts,  Elizabeth  Stuart 
daughter  of  James  I.,  the  unfortunate 
queen  of  Bohemia  (1596-1662). 

Queen  of  Heaven,  Ashtoicth  (<<the 
noon").  Horace  calls  the  moon  **the 
two-homed  queen  of  the  stars.** 

Some  speak  of  the  Virgin  Maiy  as 
**  the  queen  of  heaven.** 

Queen  of  Queens.  (Cleopatra  was 
80  called  by  Mark  Antony  (b.c.  69-dO). 

Queen  of  Song,  Angelica  Catala'ni ; 
also  called  *'Theltalian  Nightingale" 
(178^1849). 

Queon  of  Borrow  (7^  MarUeY 
the  mausoleum  built  by  shah  Jehan  to  his 
favoarite  wife  Moomtaz-i-Mahul. 

Queen  of  Tears,  Mary  of  Mo'dcno, 
second  wife  of  James  II.  of  England 
(1668-1718). 

Bar  ^jrti  iMcanw  atemal  foontalDS  of  wmMr  for  ttiat 
•ow«  her  own  lU  polkj  oonlribuM  to  Iom.— Noble. 
M^mmin.  He.  (1784). 

Queen  of  the  Antilles  lAn.teel], 
CuU. 

Queen  of  the  Sast,  Zenobia  queen 
o'  Palmy'm  (•,  266-273). 

Queen  of  the  Eastern  Arohi- 
pela£^,  the  island  of  Java. 

Queen  of  the  Mississippi 
ITculey,  St.  Louis  of  Missouri. 

Queen  of  the  North,  Edinburgh. 

Queen  of  the  Sciences,  theology. 

Queen  of  the  Sea.  So  ancient  Tyre 
was  called. 

Queen  of  the  South,  Maqneda  or 
Balk  is  queen  of  Sheba  or  Saba. 

11m  queeo  of  the  ■outh  .  .  .  oune  from  the  ottennoet 
f«rti  or  the  earth  to  beer  the  wlidom  of  SoIoiimni.— JTatt. 

\*  According  to  tradition,  the  queen 


of  the  sooth  had  a  son  by  Solomon  named 
Melech,  who  reigned  in  Ethiopia  or 
Abyssinia,  and  added  to  his  name  the 
words  Belul  Gian  ("precious  stone'*), 
alludins  to  a  ring  given  to  him  by  Solo- 
mon. Belul  Gian  translated  into  Latin 
became  pretioeus  Joannes,  which  got  cor- 
rupted into  Prester  John  (presbyter  Jo- 
hannes), and  has  given  rise  to  the  fables 
of  this  *'  mythical  king  of  EthiopU.*' 

Queen  of  the  Si^ords.  Minna 
Troil  was  so  called,  because  the  gentle- 
men, formed  into  two  lines,  held  their 
swords  so  as  to  form  an  arch  or  roof 
under  which  Minna  led  the  ladies  of  the 
party.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  FiraU  (time, 
WUliam  111.). 

•,♦  In  1877  W.  Q.  Oiehardson,  R.A., 
exhibited  a  picture  in  Ulustration  of  this 
incident. 

Queens  (Four  daughters).  Bajrmond 
Ber'enger  count  of  Provence  had  four 
daughters,  all  of  whom  married  kings: 
Margaret  married  Louis  IX.  of  France; 
Eleanor  married  Henry  111.  of  England  ; 
Sancha  married  Henry's  brother  Richard 
king  of  the  Romans ;  and  Beatrice  mar- 
ried (3»rles  I.  of  Naples  and  Sicily. 


FMrdMMhlan 
to  Bajnnond  fier'engar.  end  eveqr 
•  queen. 

DmII. 


r.vL(1311). 


Queerummania,  the  realm  of  Chro- 
nonhotonthologos. — Carev,  Chnmonheton^ 
thologoe  (1784). 

Quentin  (Blaok),  groom  of  sir  John 
Ramomy.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Fair  Maid  of 
Perth  (dime,  Henry  IV.). 

Quentin  Durward,  a  novel  by  sir 
W.  Scott  (1823).  A  story  of  French  his- 
tory. The  delineations  of  Louis  XI.  and 
Charles  the  Bold  of  Burgundy  will  stand 
comparison  with  any  in  the  whole  range 
of  fiction  or  history. 

Quern-Biter,  the  sword  of  Haco  I. 
of  Norway. 

Queni-hlter  of  Bacon  ttie  Ck>od 
Wbcrewlth  et  e  itroke  he  hewed 
The  nOktooe  thio*  Mid  thro'. 


Quemo  (CamUlo)  of  Apulia  was  in- 
troduced to  pope  Leo  X.  as  a  buffoon,  but 
was  promoted  to  the  laurel.  This  laureate 
was  caUed  the  '*  Antichrist  of  Wit.** 

Borne  in  her  cmpltol  aiw  Querno  sit. 
Throned  on  leren  bSls.  the  ■nticfaristor  vlt. 

Pope,  T%9  Dmmiad,  U.  (17S8i 

Querpo  (Shrai),  in  Garth*s  Vi*- 
pensarg,  is  meant  for  Dr.  Howe. 

To  thia  derifn  ■hrtU  <kierpo  dM  agra*. 
A  aeahioa  member  of  the  fhcalir. 


QUESTING  BEAST. 


808 


QU1DNUMKI8. 


And  wtaera  tbe  doctor  fidk.  the  mlut  woceedi. 

Z>l^|Mn«iry.  tr.  (16BQ). 

Questing  Beast  (77^),  »  monster 
called  GlatisauDt,  that  made  a  noise 
called  questing,  *'like  thirty  couple  of 
hounds  giving  quest  ^  or  cry.  King 
Pellinore  (3  syl.)  followed  the  beast  for 
twelve  months  (pt.  i.  17)^  and  after  his 
death  sir  Palomides  gave  it  chase. 

llMqaatCliig  IwMtliiul  in  ihiipe  andbaid  like  a 

Ce»  kmd,  mt4  m  bMb  Ilka  a  llbtid,  tatlockf  11 
.  and  footed  Uk«  a  bart:  and  In  hb  bodjr  thare 


nke  a 


■uoh  a  aaiw  m  It  bad  been  the  note  of  tbirty  couple  af 
hwniii  UMiliiig.  aad  tfa  aoniw <bat  beaat  wMde  wbam 
■oerer  ka  went:  and  tbta  beaat  erermore  lir  PaloaiMei 
foIk>wed.-ar  T.  Mataj.  MUtorf  ^Pr4m$  Arthur,  L 

Qmeubus  (Tht  JEgmnodicd  of),  a  Hne 
in  the  **  unknown  sea,"  passed  by  the 
YapianB  on  tbe  Greek  kalends  of  the 
Olympiad  era  BX3.  777,  aocordiiig  t* 
the  authority  of  Quinapalus. — Shake- 
speaie>  Twetfth  Nigl^  act  u.  sc  8  (1614). 

Qoiara  md  Mon'iMma,  naaand 
wife,  the  only  persons  wh#  escaped  the 
ravages  of  the  small-pox  plague  which 
carried  oil  all  the  rest  of  <h«  G«ara'ni 
race,  in  Pan^^y.  They  left  the  fistal 
spot,  settled  in  the  Mondai  w«ods,  had 
one  sooi  YerMi  and  one  daughter  Mooma; 
but  Quiftra  was  killed  by  a  jagfiar  before 
the  latter  was  bom. — Sonthey,  A  Tcde  of 
Paragtmu  (1814),    (See  Monnbma  and 

KOOMA.) 

Qldok  {Abel),  elerk  to  Surplns  the 
lawyer. — J.  M.  Morton,  A  Begular  JRx, 

Quiok  (John),  caUed  «'  The  Retimd  Pio- 
detiaa  of  Islington**  (1748-1831). 

Little  Qokk.  Ute  ntlred  DiadedbD  o#  Mlngtan.  wl«i 
bit  aqaeak  like  a  Bartlemew  flddle.-<aiarlei  Matbewa. 

Quickly  (Mistress),  servant-of>aU- 
wore  to  Pr.  Cains  a  French  physician. 
She  says,  **  I  wash,  wrin^,  brew,  bake, 
scour,  dress  meat  and  dnnk,  make  the 
beds,  and  do  all  myself.**  She  is  the  go- 
between  of  three  suitors  for  "sweet 
Anne  Page,**  and  with  perfect  disinte- 
restedness wishes  all  three  to  succeed,  and 
does  her  best  to  forward  the  suit  of  all 
three,  "but  speciously  of  Master  Fenton.** 
— ^Shakespeare,  Merry  Wives  of  Windsor 
(1601). 

Quickljf  {Mistress  Nell),  hostess  of  a 
tavern  m  East-cheap,  frequented  by 
Harry  prince  of  Wales,  sir  John  Falstafr, 
and  all  their  disre|)utable  crew.  In 
Henry  V,  Mistress  Quickly  is  represented 
as  haying  married  Pistol  the  "  lieutenant 
of  captain  sir  John's  army.**  All  three  die 
before  the  end  of  the  play.  Her  descrip- 
tion of  sir  John  FalstaflTs  death  {Henry 


F.  act  li.  sc.  8)  is  r&y  graphic  and  ime 
to  nature.  In  S  Henry  JV.  Mistress 
Quickly  arrests  sir  John  for  debt,  bat 
immediately  she  hears  of  his  commiscioti 
is  quite  willing  to  dismiss  the  bailiffs, 
and  trust  "  the  honey  sweet  *'  old  knigl^t 
again  to  any  amount. — Shakespeare^  1 
and  2  Henry  IV.  and  Henry  K. 

Quid  {Mr,),  the  tobacconist,  arelath« 
of  Mrs.  Margaret  Bettcam.— Sir  W. 
Scott,  Ony  Mmmermg  (time,  Geoige  IL)^ 

Quid  Bides,  the  motto  of  Jaoob 
Brandon,  tolacco*broker,  who  lived  at 
the  cl6Be  of  the  eighteenth  century.  It 
was  suggested  by  Harry  Calendon  of 
Lloyd's  coffee-house. 


*■• 


Quid  Rides  (Latfci)  means  <•  Why 
da  you  laugh?**  Quid  rides,  i,e.  "the 
tobacconist  rides.** 

Qiiidttiiiio(ilAraA<iiffiK  oi  St.  Martin's, 
in-the- Fields,  an  upholsterer  by  tnule^ 
but  bankrupt.  His  head  **  runs  only  on 
seheBMS  for  pa3ang  off  the  National  DebL 
the  balance  of  power,  the  afflsirs  of 
Europe,  aad  tiia  polk^oal  news  of  the 
day.*' 

%*  The  prototype  of  this  town  politi- 
ctan  was  the  fither  of  Dr.  Ame  (see  TAt 
Ibtler,  No.  166). 

Harriet  Qtiidmmc,  his  daughter,  rescsef 
by  Belmour  from  the  flames  cf  a  L^-^^g 
house,  and  adorad  by  him. 

John  Quidnunc,  under  tiit  aaanned 
name  of  RoveweU,  having  married  a  rich 
plantcr*s  widow,  returns  to  England,  pays 
nis  fother*s  debts,  and  gives  his  sister  to 
Mr.  Belmour  fur  wife.— Murphy.  2%« 
Vphoisterer  (1768). 

Qnidnunos,  a,  name  giyen  to  th« 
ancient  members  of  certain  poUtical  duba^ 
who  were  constantly  inquiring,  **Qnid- 
ic?    What  news?" 


Ibb  Uie  Onat  MoUier  dHnr  keM 

The  duba  of  guUMfM^oc  ber  own  QaiMtal. 

faf,n»3umtlmd.\mS{am^ 

Quidnimkis,  a  monkey  which 
chmbed  higher  than  its  aeighbonrs,  ao4 
fell  into  a  nver.  For  a  few  moments  the 
nsonkey  race  stood  panic-stmck,  but  the 
stream  flowed  on,  and  in  a  minute  or 
two  the  monkeys  continued  their  gambols 
as  if  nothing  had  bappened.-^jiaj,  The 
Quidnunkis  (a  fable,  1726). 

\*  The  object  of  this  fable  is  to  show 
that  no  one  is  of  sufficient  importance  to 
stop  the  general  current  of  events  or 
cause  a  gap  in  nature.  Even  kings  smd 
kaisers  die,  having  climbed,  like  Quid- 
nnakis,  someidMt  higher  than  their  kin. 


QUIUIBIVK 


QOTKOTK, 


boi^irhailbeTf^  Into  Hk^  ^mm,  Hat> 
tcty  tenwb  Wejaoet  od  •  itoiie,  bnt  »• 
one  misMe  tten. 

Qllildrive  (2  sj^/.),  clerk  to  old  VhW- 
pot  **tiw  citizen.'*— Murphy,  The  Citizen 
(1761). 

Qiiilp  (AmidO,  *  ludetm  dwav£, 
ommiDg,  mAliciouB,  and  a  perfeel  BMster 
in  tonaentiiig*  Of  luHd,  Tortidding  fe»- 
tttreS)  witk  Ma4  and  faee  laige  enough 
for  a  nani.  Uia  black  e3re8  were  rest- 
\easy  sijr,  and  canning;  his  month  and 
chin  bristly  with  a  coarse,  hard  beard  ; 
his  face  never  clean,  but  always  distorted 
with  a  ghastly  grin,  which  showed  the 
few  discoloured  fauj^  that  supplied 
the  place  of  teeth.  His  dress  consisted 
of  a  large  hi^^h-crowoed  hat,  a  worn-out 
dark  suit,  a  pair  of  most  capacious  shoes, 
and  a  huge  cnunpled  dirty  white  neck- 
cloth. Such  hair  aa  he  had  was  a  gmsled 
black,  OQt  short  but  banging  about  his 
cars  in  trin^.  His  hands  were  coarse 
and  dirty ;  his  finger-nails  crooked,  loog, 
and  yeUow.  He  lived  on  Tower  HiO, 
•oUaeted  leafcs,  advanced  money  to  sea- 
men, and  kept  a  sort  of  wharf,  contaTning 
msty  anchors,  huge  iron  nogs,  piles  m. 
rotten  wood,  and  sheets  of  old  copper, 
calKag  fafmself  a  ship-breaker.  He  was 
•a  t^  peiat  of  being  anested  for  leioay, 
wbeo  be  drowned  himself. 

I  ML  far  kk  tewilihii.  d^ 

tbw  hrartt  aod  tatta  on, 

at  the  MiMtlnie.  *mA 

\mA  mmqb 

lMVri4rtas 


Kisautk  pmvnu  with 


tiUttMyhMU 

9. 


wfaiWag,  ha  hto  fork  Mri 
mi  ptfibnoeil  to  qmiv 
tebttfhawenlMlMa 


Jfrt.  Quiip  ( A^),  wife  of  «Im  dwarf, 
a  loviaff,  yoang,  timid,  obedient,  and 
pret^  blae-eyad  little  woman,  treated 
Hke  a  dog  by  her  diabolical  husband, 
whom  she  really  loved  bat  more  greatly 
iHired.*<X  l>kkeas,  JV  4Md  CMoft^ 
Shop  (1840). 

Qoiiuipp'altia*  the  Uxk  Hnrria  of 
**  aathoritiet  fai  aitatioaa.**  If  any  one 
^«otas  fram  an  hypothetical  author,  he 
gives  Qmnapahw  aa  his  authority.    • 

Wlittt  men  ftriwiMiliw  t  **BMIar  ft  witty  ImI  Cudi  S 

Quinbus  Flestsin  (**the  man- 
momUam**),  So  the  Lilliputians  called 
Gulliver  (ch.  IL).— Swift,  Ouiiiver'$ 
Travels  («« Voyage  to  Ulliput,"  1726). 

Quince  {Feter)^  a  carpenter,  who 
undertakes  the  management  of  the  play 
called  *<  P^ramus  and  Thisbd,**  in  Mii- 
summer  I^hfs  Ihtam,  He  speaks  of 
**  laughable  tragedy."  ^*  lamentable 
comedy,**  *'  tragical  muth,**  and  so  on.— 


Shakespean,  iMsmmmer  KiM$  J>Peem 
(159«). 

Quino'nes  {Suerod^^  in  the  reign  of 
Juan  II.  He,  with  nine  other  cavauera, 
held  the  bridge  of  Orbigo  against  all 
comers  for  thirty-six  days,  and  in  that 
time  they  overthrew  seventy-dght 
knights  of  Spain  and  France. 

Quintano'na,  the  daenna  of  4|aeen 
Guioever  or  Clinebra.— Cervantes,  i)^ 
Quimte^  II.  ii.  6  (U16). 

Quintessenee  {Queen),  sorereign  of 
Ent^^hie,  the  country  kA  speculative 
science  visited  by  Pantag'mel  and  his 
companions  in  their  searsh  fbr  *^the 
oracle  of  the  Hohr  Bottle."— Rabelais, 
Faniajimei^  r.  H  (1M6). 

Quint'essenoe  of  Heaven.  Be- 
sides the  four  elements  of  earth,  Aristotle 
imagined  a  fifth  element,  out  of  which 
the  stars  and  other  ethereal  bodies  were 
formed.  The  motion  of  this  'Squint- 
essence,"  he  said,  was  orbicular.^ 

^ ,  thb  ithiwl  "qnlntMwmn  of  h—rwt* 
Flew  a|>w9r4.  tpbltail  vhh  varfoiu  ftinm, 
fht  tolas  nrlifthg.  —d tmmaAk>mm 
Hiiiiiliiii  hi 

M»U3m,fmr€^UmUtt,iaL7n,etc(m». 

Quin'tiquinies'tra  ( Queen),  a  much- 
dreaded,  fighting  giantess.  It  was  one  of 
the  ronuukces  in  don  Quixote's  library 
eondemoed  by  the  priest  and  barber  at 
the  village  to  be  burnt.— Cervantes,  J)om 
Quixote,  U  {Vm^ 

Quintus  Fizlein    fJIr./M#],  the 

title  and  chief  character  of  a  romance  by 

Jean  Paul  Friedrich  Richter  (1790). 

FksDdik.  lUy  Quintus  Plxlchi.  bad  pMOBafaa  Si«nw£ 
>gn^  Mundr.  «a|>loviiMataL— Curiirla. 

i^ixiritius.  Wars. 

How.  bf  our  dre  Qufrtiiait 

It  WM  •  soodljr  tlsht 
^  •«•  thf  thirty  Mudaidi 

fiwMt  SoOTi  a«SSeor  SISht 

th«  uaotiimii''  nsvi,  IS4t). 

Qoitam  {Mr.),  the  lawyer  at  the 
Black  Bear  ina  at  Darlington.— Sir  W, 
Scott,  Rch  Jtoy  (time,  Geoige  I.). 

*«*  I'he  first  two  words  in  an  action 
on  a  penal  statute  are  Qm  tarn.  Thus, 
Qui  iam  pro  domimt  riyiao,  ^uom  pro 
eeipao,  eequitur, 

Quiza<da  {CMierre),  lord  of  Yilla- 
garcia.  Don  Quixote  calb  himself  a 
desceadant  of  this  brave  knighk— Cer- 
vantes, J)om  Q»»ixote^  I.  (1605). 

Qniz'bte  {Ihn),  a  gaunt  countiy 
gentleman  of  La  Mancfaa,  about  SO  years 
of  age,  gentle  and  dignified,  learned  and 
high-minded;  with  strong  imagination 


QUIXCmL 


Ri^ELAlS. 


penreited  Irjr  rowamoc  and  eta— d  witk 
ideas  of  chivalry.  He  is  the  hero  of  a 
Spanish  romance  bj  Cervantes.  Don 
Quixote  feels  himself  called  on  to  become 
a  knight-errant,  to  defend  the  oppressed 
and  succour  the  injured.  He  engages  for 
his  'squire  Sancho  Fanza,  a  middle-aged, 
ignorant  rustic,  selfish  but  full  of  good 
sense,  a  gourmand  but  attached  to  his 
master,  shrewd  but  credulous.  The 
knight  ^oes  forth  on  his  adventorea, 
thinks  unnd-mills  to  be  giants,  ftock$  of 
9k6ep  to  be  armies,  imn$  to  be  castles,  and 
gwty-^aoet  oppressed  gentlemen :  but 
the  'squire  sees  them  in  their  true  light. 
Ultimately,  the  kni^t  Is  restored  to  his 
right  mind,  and  dies  like  a  peaceful 
Christian.  The  object  of  this  romance 
was  to  laugh  down  the  romances  of 
chivalry  of  ue  Middle  Ages. 

(Quixote  means  "armour  for  the 
thighs,"  but  Quixada  means  "lantern 
jaws.**  Don  Quixote*s  faronrlte  author 
was  Felidano  de  Sylva ;  his  model 
knight  was  Am'adis  de  Gaul.  The 
romance  is  in  two  parts,  of  four  books 
each.  Pt.  I.  was  pablished  in  1606,  and 
pt.  II.  in  1615.) 

The  prototype  of  the  knight  was  the 
4nke  of  Lerma. 
Doo  9i'*><!**  V  *>  t>0*  m—fw.  knlcn-Javcd.  hawk* 


iMiff-UMlMd.  frinlMMlred  aaui.  wUk  a  pair  of 
krg*  blMk  wfaidun.  and  ba  itylH  hlniMlf  "Hm  Kn^lit 


of  Um  Woefitf 
U.LU(MU).* 

Dm  QuixoU^s  horde,  Boifaia&td  (4  jy/.), 
all  skin  and  bone. 

Quixote  {2%e  Female)  or  Advenita^  of 
Arabella,  a  novel  by  Mrs.  Lennox  (1762). 

Quixote  of  the  North  {The), 
Charles  XII.  of  Sweden :  sometimes 
caUed  "The  Madman'*  (1682,  1697- 
1718). 

QuodHng  ( TKe  Beo.  MrX  chaplain  to 
the  duke  of  Buctfhgham.— Sir  W.  dcott, 
Peteril  of  the  Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

mlltUaQDoi. 
*Wl 


*•  Wfej." mU  the ddM.  "Ihad 
■C  to  flo  throogh  kto  omtlaii  that:   'fthmianm  avfl 
raporta  iiad  pasid  aumnt  daring  Um  Ufsttaie  of  Um 
vorthr  BfiatnMi  whom  Umht  had  rMtorad  to  dibt  that  day. 
oala  I        ~  ' 


kraiatr 

MaUea  hanril  eoald  not  daiqr  that  iho  was  lorn 
MorHad  vril.  NMd  wall,  and  d«Ml  waU;  Mnee  tho 
vai  bora  at  ShadwM,  maniM  to  Crttnttn.  Uvad  hi 
Ctamtenaaff,  and  dlad  ia  SHdMNO."*— ^mmHI  tf  <*• 
FmUt.  iliv.  (ISSIK 

(Some  give  CHerktnwell  instead  of 
"Camberwell.*') 

Quos  "Slgo—f  a  threat  intended  but 
withheld ;  a  sentence  broken  off.  £51us, 
angry  with  the  winds  and  storms  which 
had  thrown  the  sea  into  commotion  with- 
out his  sanction,  was  going  to  say  he 
would  punish  them  severely  for  this  act 


of  insobardiBatieB ;  bat  haviag  ofetered 

the  first  two  words,  "  Whom  I f  he 

says  no  more,  but  proceeds  to  tiie  busi- 
ness in  hand. — ^Virgil,  JSneid,  L 


**N«ct  Moaday.'Mld  ha^  "yoa  wfll  ha  a 

aMlthen ;'  with  vhkh  awM  lya  ha  vast  t» 

bar.— DmhU.  MaVm  W  (1SS9). 

Qno'tem  (Caleb),  a  parish  deik  or 
Jack-of-all-trades.  — G.     Colman,     The 
JUoiew  or  Tke  Wagi  of  Windeor  (1798). 
I  rwolwd.  Mha  Qdah  Q  iHi^,  t» 


B.  NeHlier  DemosthMs  nor  Aiislote 
could  pronounce  the  letter  r. 

B  (rogue),  vagabonds,  etc,  who  were 
branded  on  the  left  shoulder  with  this 
letter. 

Thar  .  .  .  anrba  barned  with  a  hat  horainf  han  of 
Iha  Waadth  of  a  MUoc  with  a  ^cat  tLmmmtim  tkm 
Irftihcuidgr,  whfckktiar  dbdl  iwla  m  thaaaihod* 
— P17UM,  irtttri^mmttix  or  Tk«  fliM§mf  i 

IT  I  weapa  tha  halter  wHh  tha  kttar  K 
Printod  upon  K. 
'»A  jr«i»ir«rf»^arOM.0aMi,lr.  91 


fiab'ag^aa,  an  advocate  and  editor  ef 
a  journal  called  the  CarwMgnole.  At  ttie 
same  office  was  published  another  radical 
paper,  called  the  Crapaud  Volant.  Bab- 
agas  lived  in  the  kingdom  of  Monaco, 
and  was  a  demagogue  leader  of  the 
deepest  red ;  but  was  won  over  to  the 
king*6  party  by  the  tact  of  an  American 
lady,  wno  got  him  an  invitation  to  dine 
at  the  palace,  and  made  him  diief  minia- 
ter  of  state.  From  this  moment  he  be- 
came the  most  strenuous  opponent  of  tbt 
"Ubeial**  party.— M.  6ardoa»  Jlabt^fo^ 
(1872). 

Bftbbi  Abron  ot  Treiit»  a  Ife- 

titiotts  sage  and  most  wonderful  lingniat. 
'*  He  knew  the  nature  of  all  manner  of 
herbs,  beasts,  and  mmerals.**— 'JSsMiari 
the  Fox,  xu.  (1498). 

Babbits.  Those  rt.ijbUM  hatfe  more 
nature  m  than  thctn  you  commonly  find  m 
rabbits;  •.#.  m^  production  is  better 
than  the  production  of  other  men.  This 
was  said  bv  a  conceited  artist.— J.  Foster, 
Zi/0o/2)ici(0iu,  ii.  867. 

Babelais(rAdJE:fM/isA).  Dean  Swift 
was  so  called  by  Voltaire  (1667-1746). 

Sterne  (1718-1768)  and  Thomas  Amorr 
(1699-1788)  have  also  been  to  called. 


RABELAIS. 


811 


BAPBGONDE. 


B^AdaU  17%$  Modem),  WiUim  Mar 
ginn  (1794-1842). 

Babelais  of  Germany,  J.  Fischart, 
called  •'Mentzer"  (1550-1614). 

Habelais's  Poison.  Rabelais,  being 
at  a  great  distance  from  Paris,  and  with- 
out money  to  pay  his  hotel  bill  or  his 
fare,  made  op  three  small  packets  of 
brick-dnst.  One  he  labeUed  "Poison 
for  the  king,**  another  '*  Poison  for  mon- 
sieur,** and  the  third  **  Poison  for  the 
dauphin.**  The  landlord  instantly  in- 
formed against  this  "poisoner,**  and  the 
secretary  of  state  removed  him  at  once  to 
Paris.  When,  however,  the  joko  was 
found  out,  it  ended  only  in  a  laugh. — 
Spectator  ("  Art  of  Growing  Rich  "). 

Bab'ioan  or  Babica'no,  the  horse 
of  Astolpho.  Its  sire  was  Wind  and  its 
dam  Fire.  It  fed  on  hnman  food.  The 
word  means  "  short  tail.** — Ariosto,  Or- 
kmdo  Furioao  (1516). 

\*  Argalia*s  boree  it  called  by  the 
same  name  in  Orlando  IwMmoraio  (1496)* 

j^bisson,  a  vagabond  tinker  and 
knif^-grinder.  He  was  the  only  person 
who  knew  about  **  the  gold-mine  **  left  to 
the  **  miller  of  Grenoble.**  Rabisson  was 
murdered  for  his  secret  by  Eusebe  Noel 
the  schoolmaster  of  Bout  des  Monde. — E. 
SttrliDg,  The  Gotd^Mme  or  UUler  </ 
ermtoSe  (1864). 

BaVaheka  (in  the  Bible  Rar- 
shakbh),  in  the  satire  of  Abtalom  and 
AckiUtphel^  by  Dryden  and  Tate,  is  meant 
for  sir  Thomas  Player  (2  Kings  xviii.)* 


V«t  Wm  kt  iBfllBC  labriiakft  liM»  I 
■o  Ml  «f  iMl.  h«  taM  DO  BMd  «r  sraMi 

PtiLOSBD. 

Baby  (Awrora)j  a  rich  young  English 
orphan,  oitholic  m  religion,  at  virgin 
modesty,  **a  rose  with  all  its  sweetest 
leaves  yet  folded.**  She  was  staying  in 
the  bouse  of  lord  and  lady  AmundeviUe 
during  the  parliamentary  vacation.  Here 
don  Juaa,  "  as  Russian  envoy,'*  was  also 
a  guest,  witib  several  others.  Aurora 
Raby  is  introduced  in  canto  xv.,  and 
crops  up  here  and  there  in  the  two  re- 
maining cantos ;  but,  as  the  tale  was 
never  miifl^ed,  it  is  not  possible  to  divine 
what  part  the  beautiful  and  innocent  girl 
was  designed  by  the  poet  to  play.  Pro- 
bably don  Juan,  having  sown  his  "  wild 
oats,*'  might  become  a  not  unfit  matdi 
for  the  beautiful  ori^ian. — ^Byron,  Don 
Jwm  (1824). 

Raby  {The  Sate  of)^  the  mother  of 
Rkhaid  III.    8he  was  Oecily,  daughter 


of  Ralph  Nevyll  de  Kaby  first  earl  Qf 
Westmoreland.  Her  husband  was  Richard 
duke  of  York,  who  was  slain  at  the  batt.e 
of  Wakefield  in  1460.    She  died  1495. 

Baohael,  a  servant-girl  at  lady 
Peveril's  of  the  Peak.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Fetfenl  of  the  Feak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Ba'chael  (2  sy/.),  one  of  the  "hands* 
in  Bounderby's  mill  at  Coketown.  She 
loved  Stephen  Blackpool,  and  was  greatly 
beloved  by  him  in  return;  but  Stephen 
was  mamed  to  a  worthless  drunkard. 
After  the  death  of  Stephen,  Rachael 
watched  over  the  good-for-nothing  young 
widow,  and  befriended  her. — C.  Dickens^ 
Hard  I^nee  (1854). 

Bacsine  of  Italy  {The),  Metastasio 
(1698-1782). 

Baoine  of  Music  {the),  Antonio 
(>aspaie  Sacchini  of  Naples  (1785-1786). 

Backet  {Sir  Charlee^,  a  young  man 
of  fttshion,  who  has  mamed  the  daughter 
of  a  wealthy  London  merdiant.  In  the 
third  week  of  the  honeymoon,  sir  CharleA 
paid  his  fMher-in-law  a  visit,  and  quar- 
relled with  his  bride  about  a  game  of 
whist.  The.  lady  affirmed  that  sir  Charles 
ought  to  have  played  a  diamond  instead 
of  a  club.  Sir  Charles  grew  furious,  and 
resolved  upon  a  divorce  ;  but  the  quarrel 
Was  adjusted,  and  sir  Charles  ends  by 
saying,  **  You  may  be  as  wrong  as  von 
please,  but  1*11  be  cursed  if  I  ever  endea- 
vour to  set  you  ri^ht  again.** 

Lady  Raoket,  wife  of  sir  Charles,  and 
elder  daughter  of  Mr.  DruggjBt. — Murpbyt 
Three  Weeks  after  Marriage  (1776). 

Backet  { Widow),  a  sprightly,  ^  good- 
natured  widow  and  woman  of  fashion. 

A  cotiMtta.  ft  wifc  «i4  ft  Sua  Mr.'Mn>  Oowlw*  n« 
B9ll^$  :itratat0m,  U.  1  (17801. 

ru  -widow  BMkei"  vm  mm  of  Ite.  Po|m's  bMt 
parti.    R«r  wual  aiMUMr  of  ctpradlig  Diqoftnt  etrelwi 
ncn  ecMwiited  in  txMslns  h«r  baad  IhMU  right  to  left,  and 
ftriking  the  palm  ot  one  hftad  wl(h  tha  back  of  thaoChar 
p7«»-17S7i~J«Ms  SmiOk 

Baokrent  {Sir  Condy),  in  Miss  Edge- 
worth's  Bovd  of  Castie  Jiackrent  (1802). 

Baddle  {Mrs,),  keeper  of  the  lodgings 
occupied  by  Bob  Sawyer.  The  voung 
medical  practitioner  invited  Mr.  Pickwick 
and  his  three  friends  to  a  convivial  meet- 
ing ;  but  the  termagant  Mrs.  Raddle 
brought  the  meeting  to  an  untimely  end. 
— C.  Dickens,  The  Fickwick  Papers, 
(1886). 

Bad'cffonde  {St,)  or  St.  Radbound, 
queen  of  France  (bom  619,  died  687).  She 
was  the  daughtsr  of  Bertaire  king  «< 


sAfiwnmD. 


%it 


lAl^H. 


Diurragk,  and  brewght  vp  *  ?•§•>• 
King  dotnlre  I.  teught  her  the  Christtaii 
religioB,  and  mmrried  her  in  688  ;  but  six 
yeara  hitM*  afae  entered  a  niuuiefy,  and 
Uved  in  the  greatest  austerity. 

TImm  thorn  BMMt  walk  Is  mmit^  VAvMf. 
And  Mem  m  MinUUu  m  «.  Kadanind. 

flpMiMv.  jroow  #M»w^  rw«  (un). 

Hadiffimd  er  RAOEcieif b,  tiie  proud 
oneen  of  the  Amlteons.  Being  rejected 
Dj  Bellodant  **  the  Bold,"  she  rerenged 
herself  bj  degrading  all  the  men  who  fell 
into  her  power  by  dressing  then  lilce 
women,  giving  them  women's  work  to 
do,  such  as  spinning,  cardi 

on 


sewing, 
and 


oo,  sucn  as  spuming,  o 
ete*,  and  feeoing  toem 
water  to  effeminate  them  (eanto  4). 
When  she  overthrew  air  Aritt^  in  single 
combat,  she  imposed  on  him  the  condition 
of  dressing  in  **woman*s  weeds,**  with  a 
white  kpron,  and  to  spend  hts  time  in 
spiniMag  flax,  instead  of  in  deeds  of  arms. 
Kadigund  fe)l  in  love  with  the  oapttve 
kaigfiti  and  sent  CUrinda  as  a  go-between ; 
hnt  Clarinda  tried  to  win  him  for  heraeU, 
and  told  the  oneen  he  was  Inexorable 
(canto  5).  At  length  Britomait  arrived, 
out  oil  Radigund's  head,  and  libented 
the  captive  knight  (canto  7).-^pMMerk 
FaBry  Quem,  v.  4-7  (1596). 

Bm  and  Famish  (The),  the  Armv 
and  Navy  Club  ;  so  christened  by  Funcn, 
The  raff  refers  to  the  flag,  and  the  fatnish 
to  the  bad  cuisine. 

Bag^;ed  Bagiment  (The),  the  wan 
ignrea  m  Westminster  Abbey,  in  a  gal- 
laiy  WW  Islip*s  Chapel. 

Bailway  Kins  iThe)^  Geoige  Hud- 
son of  Yorkshire,  ehainnan  of  the  North 
Midland  Company.  In  one  day  he 
deaittd  by  SDeoukition  iBIO«,Oeo.  It  was 
the  Kev.  Sydney  Smith  who  gave  Hud- 
son the  title  of  **  Bail'way  King  **  (1800** 
1871). 


Baine  (Old  Boger),  the  tafwter, 
the  abode  of  sir  Qeoifiey  Pevenl. 

Dame  Raine^  old  Roger's  widow  |  altei^ 
wards  Dame  Chamberlain. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
PeverU  of  the  Peak  (time,  Charies  II.). 

BainF-Day  Smith,  John  Thomaf 
Smith,  the  antiquary  (1766-1833). 

Bi^ah  of  Mattan  (Borneo)  has  a 
diamond  which  weighs  867  carats.  The 
largest  cut  diamond  in  the  world.  It  is 
considered  to  be  a  p^^^i^i^m.  (See 
Diamonds.) 

Bake  (L^f^dU  a  nobleman  of  the  oM 
■eheolffond   of  debanoh,  street  tows. 


and  dntgoiw.      (iSee 


iDl* 


fcuocklug  down  Chartles,  and  seeing  bb 
guests  drunk.  His  chief  boon  ccb- 
panions  are  sir  John  Bmte  and  colonel 
BuUy.— Yaabmgfa,  The  Provoked  W^e 
(1697). 

Bakeland  (XW),  *  BbuCue,  who 
makes  love  to  married  women,  b«t  takes 
eare  to  keep  himself  free  fiom  the  bon^ 
of  matrimony.  —  Mrs.  Indkbnid,  Tke 
WmUmg  Dag  (179(9. 

Bak'aha  (%  ^/.)>  *  «>< 
lived   on   sarpents 

OUBAMAVAD.) 

Baleigh  (Sir  Waiter)^  Introdoced  by 
sir  W.Scott  in  JTaitfioarfA.  The  tradition 
of  sir  Walter  laying  down  his  cloak  on  a 
miry  spot  lor  the  ouetn  to  step  on,  and 
the  qoeea  commandii^  him  la  wear  the 
'*  muddy  cloak  till  her  pleasure  shoold 
be  further  kaowa,"  is  menticned  in  ch. 
XV.  (1821). 

The  f  olkMriog  Is  a  pnalkl  inatanot  el 
inakfaiotive  politenesa:-^ 

SapQi.    TheMrcrMp(a."Uttl« 
roar  ■boM  bAind  youi'    **T«.  ■»'^«.*'k«  imJMj 
**llHf  w«  ft«  ym  to  w*  mL^-'Tmatam  Mm,  c&H 
C  PulltMiaMk'  •  triM  HoqrJ. 

JtoMak  (Sir  Walter).  Jealons  of  the 
earl  of  Kssex,  he  plots  with  lord  Barinrii 
to  compass  his  death. — Umrf  Jones,  J%i 
£aHof£$Mx{l74b)» 

Balph,  abbot  of  St.  Angnstint^  ex* 
psnded  £43,000  on  the  repast  given  at  his 
installation. 

It  was  no  nnnsnal  thing  far  peveiful 
barons  to  provide  90,000  dishes  at  a 
wedding  breakfast  The  coronation  din- 
ner of  Edward  III.  cost  £40,060,  eqnal  to 
half  a  million  of  money  now.  The  dnke 
of  Clarenee  at  hts  marriage  entertained 
1000  guests,  and  furnished  iiis  table  with 
86  courses.  ArchUshop  Neville  had 
lOOO  egretles  served  at  one  banquet,  and 
the  whole  spedes  seems  to  fmrv  been 
extirfiated. 

After  this  it  will  be  by  no  means  diffi- 
cult to  understand  whv  Apietus  despaired 
of  being  able  to  make  two  ends  meet, 
when  he  had  reduced  his  enormous  for- 
tune to  £80,000,  and  therefore  hanged 
himself. 

*«*  After  Oie  winter  of  1827  was  over, 
the  elder  Spencer  had  left  of  the  stores 
laid  in  by  aim  the  preceding  November 
and  salted  down,  ''80  salted  beeves,  609 
fafcons,  Mkd  600  nrattowL* 

Jtalphf  son  of  Fairfi^d  the  miUer.    An 


Rii.PH. 


Sl» 


RAMIBO* 


•ytUndJBh.  ignonat  boebj,   jealous  of 

his  sister  ratty,  because  she  ''could  paint 

picturs  and  strum  on  the  harpsicoJs.     He 

was  in  love  with  Fanny  the  gipsy,  for 

which  ''leyther**  was  angry  wiui  him; 

but  *'what  argufies  feyuer*»  anger?" 

However,  he  treated  Fanny  like  a  brute, 

and  she  said  of  him^  "  He  has  a  heart  as 

hard  as  a  parish  oflkec    I  don't  doubt  but 

ha  would  stand  by  and  see  me  whipped.** 

When  his  sister  married  lord  Aim  worth, 

fialph  said: 

I  Bilph  My  tovi  vfB  4iri>  wMt 
rn  mount  ft  bag»  oodUMie ; 


J  VMtM^ 

IBhII  11llMAI«Mf1i«VlMle. 

IT  f9»  sbtMld  off«r  then  to  mob  mt^ 
WhM  la  krHoC  rtt  *rni|«i| 


«r  aqr  fortM- 1M»  to  dnil^t— ^^ 
lot  yn«  IrvwW.  bot  wbo's  aftaidt 

JUdph  or  Kalpho,  the  'squire  of  Hudi- 
Waa.  f  idly  described  in  bk.  L  457-644. 
•—8.  Butler,  HucUbnu  (1668-78). 

The  prototype  of  "Ralph**  was  Tsaa* 
Robinson,  a  sealous  butoher  in  Moorfields> 
Kalph  repToents  the  indepjendent  party, 
and  Hudibrss  the  presbyterian. 

%*  lit  regaid  to  Ibe  pfonunelaAon  of 
lilts  name,  which  in  1878  #a8  die  subjeel 
of  a  long  eontroiretsy  i*  Ifote$  aatf 
QmarieM,  Butler  says: 


A  aqoira  he  tad  whoM  ii«M«  uta  Ral^lli, 
~      InU'advoataMwiatMilM^:  ••• 


4fid  vbMi  «•  call,  wUb  aietro  «f«. 
W5lf  cSI  lOml^fao^  of  piitai  BiTllb. 

vutmn 

Ralpk  {B(mg%)y  tte  helper  of  Laneo 
Outram  park-keeper  at  sir  Geoffrey 
PeveriPs  of  the  Peak.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
PeterU  of  the  Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Salph  (Jamc8)p  an  American  who  came 

Id  London  and  published  a  peem  entitled 

Ifight  (1725). 

BllMies.7owolT«iI  vhflo  ftalph  to  (^nlhto  Innrii^ 
■oktat  tttght  USmmi  ;  answer  bim.  fo  ofHi. 


PftXjA  Fdv  LA8ouiJiui3t  captaiii  of  tira 
tJrawia^  husband  of  Louise  de  Laseoufs. 
Balph  is  ttie  fMlier  of  Dhma  and  ifartha 
laiiat  Orsarita.  His  erew  haring  re-^ 
belled,  f&lph,  his  wife,  infant  [Martha], 
and  senrant  Bar'abas  were  put  into  a 
boat,  and  turned  adrift.  The  boat  ran 
on  a  huge  ioeberg,  which  Halph  supposed 
to  be  a  snudl  iaUmd.  in  time,  &e  iceberjf 
broke,  when  Ralph  and  his  wife  were 
drowned,  but  Martha  and  B^nabas 
escaped.  Mattha  was  taken  by  an 
Indian  tribe,  who  brought  her  up,  and 
named  her  Or^^arita  (**  withered  eern**), 
bscanss  bar  skin  was  so  white  and  fain — 
B.  StitUngb  ChTpkn¥  <^  Vm  Froxm  8m 
(l«66>r^ 


Balph     B<»8t6r     Doister,    by 

Kicholas  Udail,  the  first  English  comedy, 
about  1634.  It  contains  mne  male  and 
four  female  characters.  Ralph  is  a  rain, 
thoughtless,  blustering  fellow,  who  is  m 
pursuit  of  a  rich  widow  named  Cistance, 
out  he  is  baffled  in  his  intention. 

Bam  AHejyin  Fleet  Street,  Lond«m« 
Now  called  Hare  Flaee^  It  waA  part  of 
the  Sanctuary. 


Bamb]#  (Sir  Mob§r(}^  a  nan  of 
galiaBtry,  who  treats  his  wife  with  such 
supreme  indifference  that  she  returns  to 
her  guardian,  lord  Norland,  and  resumes 
her  maiden  name  of  Maria  Woobtim. 
Subsequently,  however,  titt  returns  to 
her  husband. 

Jl^s.  i2^im6^,'wife  of  sit  Robert,  and 
wMd  of  lord  JNerlaod.— Incfabak^  &ery 
One  hat  Bis  FauU  <n94>w 

Bam'iel  (8  syl.)^  one  of  the  *«  atheist 
Crew"  o'ertbrown  by  Ab'dieL  (The  word 
means,  according  to  Hume,  **  one  who 
txaHs  himself  against  Qod.**)^llitton, 
PatmM$$  L9tt,  ru  871  (1666). 

Bamixutgo'briB.  Laf ontaiae,  in  his 
lablM,  gives  this  name  to  a  cat*  Rabe-> 
lais,  in  his  Pantag^rueL  iii.  21,  satirizes 
under  the  same  name  Uuillaume  Cr^tia^ 
a  poet. 

Bami're^  a  Spanish  monk,  and 
father  confessor  to  don  Juap  duke  of 
Bragansa.  He  promised  Velasquez, 
wfcen  he  abeolvM  the  duke  at  bed-4ffme, 
td  give  him  a  poisoned  waferprepared  bf 
ftt  Carmelite  Gastraocio.  This  he  was 
about  to  do,  when  he  was  Interrupted, 
aad  the  breiAiiig  out  of  Ifte  reMUiml 
taved  the  duke  from  any  rtttdlar  attempt. 
—^Robert  «9epIiBott,  Braganw  (1775). 

Bami'ro  (King}^  married  Aldonaai 
who,  being  faithless,  eloped  with  Alboa'* 
sar  the  Moorish  king  of  Gaya.  Ra* 
miro  came  disguised  as  a  traveller  to 
Alboasar*s  castle,  and  asked  a  damsel  for 
a  draught  of  water,  and  when  he  lifted 
the  pitcher  to  his  mouth,  he  dropped  in 
it  his  betrothal  ring,  which  Aldonza  saw 
and  xeeognized.  She  told  the  dams^  to 
bring  the  stranger  to  her  apartment* 
Scarce  had  he  arrived  there  when  the 
Moorish  king  entered,  and  Raniiro  hid 
himself  in  an  alcove.  **  What  would  you 
do  to  Ramiro,**  asked  Aldonaa,  *'ii  he 
were  in  voar  power  ?  **  **  I  would  hew 
him  limb  from  Umb.*^  said  the  Moor. 
'*  Then  lo  I  Alboazar,  be  is  aow  skulking 
in  thatakova.**    With  this,  Rmmio  waa 


RAMORNT. 


814 


BAM6ER. 


drmfTc^  forth,  and  the  Moor  Mid, 
''And  how  wonld  yon  act  if  our  lots 
were  revened  ? "  Ramiro  replied,  •*  I 
would  feast  ^roa  well,  and  send  for  my 
chief  princes  and  counsellors,  and  set 
you  before  them,  and  bidyou  blow  your 
horn  till  yon  died.  **Then  be  it  so,** 
said  the  Moor.  But  when  Ramiro  blew 
his  horn,  his  "merry  men  **  rushed  into 
the  castle,  and  the  Moorish  kiqg,  with 
Aldonxa  and  all  their  children,  princes, 
and  eonnseflors,  were  pot  to  the  sword. — 
Sonthey,  Ramiro  (a  ballad  fkom  the  Por- 
tuguese, 1804). 

Hamomy  {Sir  John),  a  voluptuary, 
master  of  the  horse  to  prince  Robert  of 
Scotland.~Sir  W.  Scott,  Fair  Maid  of 
FertK  (tunc,  Henry  lY.). 


Buhmj    {Davii^,  Urn  old 
maker  near  Temple  Bar. 

Margaret  Ramsay.  David's  dauc^ltter. 
She  marries  lord  Nigel.— Sir  W.  Seott, 
Fortunes  of  Nigel  (time,  James  I.). 

Bamsbottom  (Jfrs.),  a  vile  spellei 
of  the  language.  Theodore  Hook's  pseo- 
donym  in  the  John  Buil  newspaper,  1829. 

%*  Winifred  Jenkins,  the  maid  of 
Miss  Tabitha  Bramble  (!n  Smolletfs 
Htmphrey  Clinker.  1770),  rivals  Ifrs. 
Ramsbottom  in  baa  spelling. 

fiandal,  the  boatman  at  Lochleven 
OMUe.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  AVnt  (time, 
KUxabeth). 

Bandolph  (Lord),  a  Sootch  noUe- 
man,  whose  life  was  saved  by  young  Nor- 
vaL  For  this  service  his  lordship  gave 
the  vouth  a  commission ;  but  Gienslvon 
the  heir-presumptive  hated  the  new  fnt- 
vourite,  and  ptisuaded  lord  Randolph  thai 
Korval  was  too  familiar  with  his  lady. 
Accordinglv,Qlenalvon  and  lord  Randolph 
waylaid  tne  lad,  who  being  attacked 
slew  Glenalvon  in  self-defence,  but  was 
himself  shun  by  lord  Randolph.  When 
the  lad  was  killed,  lord  Randolph  learned 
that  **  Nerval'*  was  the  son  of  lady 
Randolph  bv  lord  Douglas  her  former 
husband.  He  was  greatly  vexed,  and 
went  to  the  war  then  raginff  between 
Scotland  and  Denmark,  to  orown  his 
sorrow  by  activitv  and  danger. 

Lady  Randolph,  daughter  of  sir  Mal- 
colm, was  privately  married  to  lord 
Douglas,  and  when  her  first  boy  was 
bom  she  hid  him  in  a  basket,  because 
there  was  a  &mily  fend  between  Malcolm 
and  Douglas.  Soon  after  this,  Douglas 
was  slain  in  battle,  and  the  widow 
■■Tried  lord  Randolph.    The  babe  was 


found  by  old  Korval  a  shepherd,  wfca 
brought  it  up  as  his  own  son.  Wbcm 
18  years  old,  the  hul  saved  the  life  of 
lord  Randolph,  and  was  given  a  commis- 
sion in  the  army.  Uidy  Randolph, 
hearing  of  the  incident,  discovered  tMt 
young  Norval  was  her  own  son  Douglas. 
Glenuvon,  who  hated  the  new  £avoiirita^ 
persuaded  lord  Randolph  that  the  yoong 
man  was  too  familiar  witili  lady  Ran- 
dolph, and  being  waylaid,  a  fight  ensued, 
in  which  Norval  slew  Glenalvon,  but  was 
himself  slain  by  lord  Randolpli.  Lord 
Randalph,  bdng  informed  that  tfie  young 
man  was  lady  Randolph's  son,  went  to 
the  wars  to' "  drive  away  care ; "  andla^ 
Randolph,  ip  her  distraction,  cast  benetf 
headlong  from  a  steep  piedpioe. — J. 
Home,  Jhuglaa  (1757). 

Tht  voie*  of  Mn.  Ornvford  (ITM-lSnX  wtea  tbtwmm 

^M#  Wv  ftl^a  vu^aM^^MitfM  stf  ^tewstf  ^^^k^tf_  ^^v^^^rf  ^a  wfl^^^V 

op  Um  bcarar;  it  VM  m  auniac  an«v.  •  l||hll«i  «f 
iMMrifM.  SuekVMthe  MlKtor  h«rataMMlriknikl»«U 
llonii];  "Waste  •aver'*  ItwmWkm  tmtietthe  li^-k, 
vlMh  *«««  Um  Uooi  kMk  to  tb>  hMM.  aD4  pniHii  ft 

^^i^^^VMV^^B      ^#B     ^^^B^^B       ^■^■^^■^^^V    V^W    ^W^F^W^^^i^*    ^^^^^^^^^^^         ^^^F^^^^^^^^^B 

BmiMlfnn,  a  maa  of  fortona  with  a 
scapegrace  son.  He  is  pale  aad  puffy, 
witii  gout  and  a  tearing  ooujg^.  Random 
goes  to  France  to  recruit  has  health,  and 
on  his  return  to  England  gets  arrested 
for  debt  by  misteke  for  his  son.  He 
raves  and  rages,  threatens  and  vows  ven- 
geanoe,  but  finds  bis  son  on  the  point 
of  marrying  «  slaughter  of  sir  David 
Dunder  of  Dunder  Hall,  and  forgets  his 
evils  in  contemplation  of  this  most 
desirable  alliance.~G«  Colman,  Ways 
and  Means  (1788). 

Random  ^Roderick),  m  young  Scold 
scapegrace  in  quest  of  fortune.  At  ooa 
time  he  revels  in  prosperity,  at  another 
he  is  in  utter  destitution.  Roderick  is 
led  into  different  countries  (whose  pecu- 
liarities are  described),  and  falls  into  the 
society  of  wits^  sharpers,  courtiers,  and 
harlota.  Occasionally  lavish,  he  is  essen- 
tially mean ;  with  a  dash  of  humour,  he 
is  contemptibly  revengeful ;  and,  though 
generous-minded  when  the  whim  jumps 
with  his  wishes,  he  is  thorou^ly  selfish. 
His  treatment  of  Strap  is  revoltinc  to 
a  generous  mind.  Strap  lends  aim 
money  in  his  necessity,  but  the  heartless 
Roderick  wastes  the  loan,  treats  Sbtap 
as  a  mere  servant,  fleeces  him  at  dice, 
and  cuffs  him  when  the  game  is  adverse. 
— T.  Smollett,  Roderick  Randcm  (1748). 

Ranger,    the     madcap    eoosin    ef 

Clarinda,  and  ihe  leading  character  m 
Hoadly's  Snspiokms  Buskand  (1747). 


RANTIPOLE. 


816 


RAT  WITHOUT  A  TAIU 


RantiiK^  (8  j^.),  *  madaip.  One 
«f  the  nicknamet  piven  to  Napoleon  III. 
(See  Napolbon  111.) 

M)k.  b«  a  Kttto  numpolML 

ColntMi.  ifeij  •M'Lam,  L  t  (1797). 

Raoul  [i2atD/],  the  old  hontsmaii  of 
sir  Raymond  Rerenger.-^Sir  W.  Scott, 
The  Betrothed  (time,  Heniy  II.). 

Baotd  di  Nangia  {Sir\  the 
Imguenot  in  love  with  Yaleotina  (daughter 
of  the  comte  de  St.  Bris,  goveraor  of  the 
Lourre).  Sir  Raonl  is  offered  the  band 
of  Yaleotina  in  marriage,  bat  rejects  it 
becauee  he  fancies  she  is  betrothed  to  the 
comte  de  Nevers.  Never!  being  slain 
in  the  Bartholomew  Massacre,  Raonl 
marries  Yaleotina,  but  scarcely  is  the 
ceremony  over  when  both  are  shot  by 
the  musketeers  under  the  command  of 
St.  Bris. — Meyerbeer,  Le9  Muguenott 
(opera,  1886). 

Baphael  (9  or  8  sy/.),  called  by 
MiUoo,  ''The  Sociable  SfMrit,**aAd  **The 
AiEaUe  Aicbangel.**  In  the  book  of  TMt 
it  waa  Raphael  who  travelled  with  Tobias 
and  back  again ;  and  it  is  the 
igel  that  holds  discourse  with 
Adam  thfongh  two  books  of  Paradite 
Xosi,  T.  aad  vi«  (1665). 

Haphael,  the  guardian  angel  of  Jc4m 
tW  Beloved. 

%*  Longfellow  calls  Raphael  "The 
Angel  of  the  Sun,**  and  savs  that  he  brings 
to  aMUi  «<  the  gift  of  faith."— (?oM^ 
Ugemd  ("Miracle-Play,»'  ui.,  1861). 

Itaphaet  {The  Flemish),  Frans  Floris. 
His  chief  works  are  **St.  Luke  at  His 
Basel.**  and  the  **  Descent  of  the  Fallen 
Angels,"  both  in  Antwerp  Cathedral 
(1520-1670). 

Jtaphael  ( 7%0  lirem^),  Enstaoe  Lesnenr 
(1617-1666). 

Raphael  of  Cats  (The),  (^idefroi 
Mind,  a  Swiss  painter,  famous  for  his  cats 
(1768-1814). 

Bapbael  of  Holland  (The),  Mar- 
tin van  Hemskerck  (1498-1674). 

Bapbaers  Bnohanter,  La  Foma- 
rina,  a  baker's  daughter.  Her  likeness 
appears  in  several  of  his  paintings.  (See 
nmnAUVA,) 


Bapier    (The)    was 
RomUnd  York  in  1687. 


introduced  by 


B«  IMam  lam*  Tor*]  vm  a  LondosM;  f 
thm  cMMn  hi  Ui  Mm  to  Mi^liic  In  • 
Sfbt— te  raa  tk«  polat  o(  m  nylfr  tete  a  m 


S|bt-4f  nm  tk«  polat  o(  i 
Mbra  nM,  t&«  tlM  OM 


Mad 

■um's  bodjr .  .  . 

wtth  lltOs  bucklm.  sikI 

U 


nanJ^rtU 


toitrilwMidar 

Ben  Jonson,  the  drama- 
tist, was  so  ealled  by  Robert  Herriok 
(1574-1637). 

Baredrenoh  (Master),  apothecary. 
—Sir  W.  Scott,  Fortunes  of  Nigel  (time, 
James  I.). 

Raaoal,  worthless,  leaa.  A  rascal 
deer  is  a  lean,  poor  stag.  Bnitns  calls 
money  *'  rascal  counters,**  ue,  contemp- 
tible, ignoble. 

Wb«a  Marcoi  HViIim  gravi  to  wnHmoB, 
•o  lodi  MMb  HMcal  coooMn  CMm  kb  Mcndik 
Be  f«Mlf.  ftodi,  wUh  aU  fOMT  Uuui4«bokii 

ShakMpMtv^  yMNiw  Omw^  Mt  Ir.  ML  t  atm 

Baahleijgh  Osbaldistone,  called 
••the  scholar,**  an  hvpocritical  and 
accomplished  villain.  ktlWl^  Rob  Roy* 
—Sir  W.  Scott,  i?o5  Koy  (time,  George 
I.). 

%♦  Surely  never  gentleman  wai 
plagued  with  such  a  family  as  sir  Hil- 
debrand  Osbaldistone  of  Osbaldistone 
Hall.  (1)  Percival,  ••the  sot;**  (2) 
Thomcliff,  ••the  bullv  ;**  (8)  John,  ••the 
gamekeeper :  (4)  Richard,  ••  the  horse- 
jockey;**  (6)  Wilfred,  ••the  fool;** 
(«)  Rashleigh,  ''the  scholar  and  knave.** 

Bas'selas,  prince  of  Abyssinia, 
fourUi  son  of  the  emperor.  According  to 
the  custom  of  the  coontry,  he  was  con- 
fined in  a  private  paradise,  with  the  resi 
of  the  roral  family.  This  paradise  was 
in  the  valley  of  Amhars,  surrounded  by 
high  mountains.  It  had  only  one  en- 
trance, which  was  by  a  cavern  undef 
a  rock  concealed  by  woods,  and  closed  by 
iron  gates.  He  escaped  with  his  sister 
Nekayah  and  Imlao  the  poet,  and 
wandered  about  to  find  out  what  con- 
dition or  rank  of  life  was  the  most  happy* 
After  careful  investu^tion,  he  found  no 
lot  without  its  drawbacks,  and  resolved 
to  return  to  the  ••happy  valley.*^— Dr. 
Johnson,  Rasseias  (1769)» 


Th«  aad  miuonmmm,  who  InMiaci  thai  k* 
tlM  RfulMion  or  tb«  WMttoraMltlMdiilribadba  of  tM 
wmmoM,  a  u  orlgtMl  ehanetw  la  wwnaaw;  sad  tb« 
"bappr  valkr.-  la  wUok  BMNhs  midi^  ta  ihMdM? 
vlUi  poatfe  fidiBt^Yoana  '""^ 

Bat.  One  of  the  richest  provinces  of 
HolUnd  was  once  inundated  by  a  hole 
made  in  the  dykes  by  a  single  water-rat. 

Rat  without  a  TaiL  Witches 
could  assume  any  animal  form,  but  the 
tail  was  ever  wanting,  llius,  a  cat 
without  a  tail,  a  rat  without  a  tail,  a  dog 
without  a  tail,  were  witch  forms.— Sea 
Jf ao6sM,  aet  i.  so.  8. 


Ur  own  nwriW  nod  Um*  jroong.  I  'am,  rir.  mtdm  ^hMi^ 
H«*»  got  a  ttwrdM  air.  whicli  •' 


!•  whoM  the  «Mr«  b  bf  no  himmn  nMr 
Yon'TetendoTlfau 


RATa  916 

Bate  (ZVwwrwrfty).  AnebbMiop  Hatto) 
count  Gnuif,  bishop  Widerolf  of  Stm- 
burg,  bitbop  Adolph  of  Cologne,  Freiherr 
von  Gatting«n,  were  all  deronred  by  i»t8» 
(See  Uatto,  p.  429.) 

Bateliffe  (Jitmes),  *  ttotorioiis  tbief. 
^Sit  W.  Scott,  i^MTt  tf  MidlvtMcm 
(time,  (aeorge  II.). 

BatcHffe  ( Jfr.  SiAerVs,  t,  frienrf  of  sir 
Edward  Mauley  "the  Black  Dwarf."— 
Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Black  Dwarf  (time, 
Anne). 

FitMjfe  (Jfrt.),  the  widow  of  ^don 
Garloi*^who  rescued  Sbeva  at  (2adiz 
frtMn  an  mwto  daft, 

CharU*  Baid^e^  clerk  e(  air  Stefdnm 
Bertram,  discharged  because  he  had  • 
pretty  nstar,  and  sir  Stef^en  had  a 
young  son.  CSharlee  Bu^poi:ted  his 
widowed  mother  and  his  sister  by  hiii 
earnings.  He  rescued  Sheva,  the' Jew, 
from  a  howling  London  mobs  *Bd  waa 
left  the  heir  of  the  old  man's  property. 

M%»  \miza\  Batclfe,  sister  of  Chariet, 
clandestinely  married  to  Charles  Bertram 
and  given  £10,000  by  the  Jew  to  reconcile 
air  Stephen  Bertram  to  the  alliance.  She 
was  handsome,  rirtooaa,  and  elegant^ 
mild,  modest,  and  gentle. — CumberUnd, 
JAf  J^(177d)i 

Bath'mor.  chief  of  Qoifaa  {Urn 
Cii/de),  and  father  of  Olthon  and  Colmar* 
punthalmo  lord  of  Teutba  **  came  in  his 
pride  against  him,*^  and  waa  overcome^ 
whereupon  his  an^r  rose,  and  he  went 
by  night  with  his  warriors,  and  slew 
Rathmor  in  his  own  halls,  whero  his 
feasts  had  so  often  been  spread  fee 
strangers.— Ossian,  CaUhon  am  Colmml, 

Hattlin  iJack),  a  famous  naval  cha- 
racter hi  Smollett's  Roderick  Random, 
Tom  Bowfing  i«  in  the  same  novel 
(1749). 

Battray  {Sir  IhnMhrn)^  «f  RtnMa^ 

Sill  ion ;  tiie  duelling  friend  of  sir  Mungo 
alAgrowther.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Fortvnet 
o/  Sigtl  (time,  James  I.). 

Bauoooan'tit  leader  of  a  troupe  of 
singers  going  to  act  in  Sicilv.  The 
whold  were  captured  by  Lam'bro  the 
I^rate,  and  sold  m  Turkey  as  slaves. 

njrsaV  to  <hptft  upon 

.l».dr.j     . 
•bewfjroQoon 

KnneoQHiti— rti  that 

■ty«arnttl 


RAYBNSTQNE. 

Baven,  emblem  of  DcBmarie,  md 
standard  of  tlK  Danes.  Mecromaatitt 
powers  are  ascribed  to  it.  Asser  saya, 
m  his  Lif9  of  Alfred^  If  the  Danea 
were  destined  to  gain  a  victorv,  "  a  live 
crow  would  appear  flying  on  the  middle 
of  the  mifitrled  flag;  bat  if  tbey  wcra 
doomed  to  be  defeated,  the  &ig  wovid 
han^  down  motionless;**  and  this,  ha 
contimies,  •*  was  often  proved  to  be  so." 

The  raven  banner  was  called  Landey^ 

S"the  desolation  of  the  coantey  **),  and  ita 
evice  was  woven  by  the  «Viighti»m  af 
Regner  Lodbrok. 


1  vsM  %tnm  Numlnnd  era-  y«k 
anted  on  «■,  nnd  oar  hnttlMaa  bn 
The  Unvea'a  wing.  Mil  dnnibKl  tko « 
rriHi  Un  siVM  for  < 

Ir.SdSTHL 


•  *  • 


l<UM). 


Baten,  (BameAy^s),  Grip,  a  large  bird, 
df  most  impish  disposition.  Its  nsaal 
phrases  were:  "Pm  a  devil !"  «« Never  say 
di«!'*«'P«Uy,patthekettleottr  U«afeo 
uttered  a  duck  lika  oock*drBwin^.  a 
barking  like  a  dog,  and  a  crowii^  like  a 
cook.  Bamaby  Riidge  used  fea  cany  il 
about  in  a  basket  at  his  badu  Th«  biid 
drooped  while  it  was  in  jail  wkh  kia 
master,  but  after  Baraaby'a  reprieve» 

It  toon  wcofowd  Us  fDod  laoki,  anS  liiriT  lb 
and  ifedi  M  ever  . . .  bot  for  »  wImH  jw  U 
iiMuHai  n  KOf  odnr  •mmd  Chan  a  gtvift  aad  da 
citMk.  .  .  .  One  bright  nminer  ■aomlng  .  . .  tke  bM 
advMMd  vMi  CuatMde  ateps  to  ibe  Ator  4ir  the  JfwMleL 
attd  tben  ertod.  "  Fai  a  devO !  "  thice  or  tbmr  ttmaa  tiriui 
ennanlteoiy  rapaiK. ...  and  fkon  that  Haw  < 
poctJied  and  improved  hleueir  In  tlM 
C.  Dickaaa.  BarmaH  Mud^  U.  (18«1). 


Ba^ens  of  Owain  (The).  Owain 
had  in  his  army  300  ravens,  who  were 
irresistible.  It  is  thought  that  these 
ravens  were  warriors  who  bore  tibia  device 
on  t&eir  shields. 


A  uum  who  coMMd  the  birds  to  flr  opoa  the  host, 
like  tiw  nvtM  of  Ownsin  aavsr  for  hv. 
BMdrut  VanM.  MjfwifHi^  ^f«teieipgv.  L  Wk 

Bavans  onoe  White.  One  day, 
a  raven  told  Apollo  that  Ooro'nia,  a 
ThessaKan  nymph  whom  he  passionately 
loved,  was  faithless.  Apollo,  in  his  rage, 
shot  the  nymph,  but  hated  the  raven, 
and  '*bade  him  prate  in  white  phimea 
never  more." — Ovid,  Metam^^  ii, 

BaveiiBpuni,  at  the  month  of  the 
Humber,  where  Henry  IV.  landed,  in 
1399,  to  depose  Richard  II.  It  no 
longer  exists,  having  been  wholly  en- 
gtitfed  by  the  sea,  but  no  record  exists 
of  the  date  of  this  engulf  meni. 

Ba'vmistone  or  Ba'benBtein,  the 
stone  gibbet  of  Germany.  So  called 
from  the  ravena  whick  perek  o*  il* 


KAVENSWOOD, 


817 


READT-TO-HALT. 


ni 


Do  yoa  think 
.  fM  10  modi  asMve  jroor  thrasl 
rMreaaCoBe.  by  cfaoklnc  yoo  myieirT 

^)Ton.  ir«ni«r,  11.  S  (1891)l 

Bavenswood  (il/to>i  forrf  o/),  a 
decayed  Scotch  nobleman  of  the  royalist 

iicuter  Edgar  RaoeMWOod^  Che  son  of 
Allan.  In  love  with  Lucy  Ashton, 
daughter  of  sir  William  Ashton  lord- 
keeper  of  Scotland.  The  lovers  plight 
their  troth  at  the  "  Mermaid's  Foontain,** 
but  Lncy  is  compelled  to  marry  Frank 
Hayston  laird  of  Bucklaw.  The  bride, 
in  a  fit  of  insanity,  attempts  to  murder 
the  bridegroom,  and  dies  in  convulsions. 
Bucklaw  recovers,  and  goes  abroad. 
Odonel  Ashton  appoints  a  hostile  meet- 
ing with  Edgar ;  but  young  Ravenswood, 
on  his  way  to  the  place  appointed,  is  lost 
in  the  quicksands  of  Kelpies  Flow,  in 
accordance  with  an  ancient  prophecy'. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Bride  of  Lammermoor  (time, 
William  in.)* 

*,♦  In  Donizetti's  opera  of  Lucia  di 
Laamsermoor^  Bucklaw  dies  of  the  wound 
inflicted  by  the  bride,  and  Edgar,  hearts 
broken,  comes  on  tne  stage  and  kills 
himself. 

Tho  talMtroplio  hi  tho  AHcU  e/  lAmmfvvmm .  whMo 
[Mfor}  Baranswood  b  cwalknra  I  up  hr  m  nnict  Mnd,  b 
ifa^ikri/  gnuid  In  roauuwa,  but  vouM  be  IniMlmbiible 
Is  a  dEHWk— AMye.  BrU.,  Art.  "  Romano.  * 


Bawhead  and  Bloody.Bones, 

two  bogies  or  bugbears,  generally  coupled 

together!    In  some  cases  the  phrase  is 

cmploved   to    designate   one    and   the 

same  **  shadowy  sprite.** 

SemuOa  avo  cfalMran  .  .  .  bjr  taOliis  tbam  of  Bav- 
kead  aoi  Bloodj-boo«^— Lock& 

Bayland  (Jfra,),  the  domineering 
ladv  of  the  Oid  Mamr-Home,  by  Charlotte 
Smith  (1749<1806>. 

Mn.  Bnland  b  a  lort  of  qoMS  Bteboth  ki  prlrato 


Rasmiond,  count  of  Toulouse,  the 
Nestor  of  the  crusaders.  He  slays 
Aladine  king  of  Jerusalem,  and  plants 
the  Christian  standard  on  tiie  tower  of 
David. — ^Tasso,  Jenualem  Delivertd^  xx. 
(1516). 

*^*  Introduced  by  sir  W.  Scott  in 
Count  Robert  of  Paris^  a  novel  of  the 
period  of  Ruf  us. 

Raynumd  (Sir  Charles),  a  country 
gentleman,  the  friend  and  neighbour  of 
sir  Robert  Belmont. 

Cohnel  Raymondy  son  of  sir  Charles, 
IB  lore  with  Rosetta  Belmont.  Being 
diiBdent  and  modest,  Rosetta  delights  in 
tormenting  him,  and  he  is  jealous  even  of 


William  Faddle  **a  fellow  made  ap  of 
knavery,  noise,  and  impudence.** 

Harriet  Raymond,  daughter  of  sir 
Charles,  whose  mother  died  in  giving 
her  birth.  She  was  committed  to  the 
care  of  a  j^ovemante,  who  changed  her 
name  to  Fidelia,  wrote  to  sir  Charles  U> 
say  that  she  was  dead,  and  sold  her  at 
the  age  of  12  to  a  villain  named  Villard. 
Charles  Belmont,  hearing  her  cries  of 
distress,  rescued  her  and  took  her  home. 
The  govemante  at  death  confessed  the 
truth,  and  Charles  Belmont  married  her. 
—Edward  Moore,  The  Fovmdiing  (1748). 

Bas'eka^  the  giver  of  food,  one  of 
the  four  gods  of  the  Adites  (2  syL). 

We  caltod  on  Razeka  tnr  fond. 
8oaUi«r.  Tkalaha  the  Dettro^er,  L  94  (1717). 

Bazor,  a  barber  who  could  "think 
of  nothing  but  poor  old  England."  lie 
was  fJie  friend  and  neighbour  of  Quid- 
nunc the  upholsterer,  who  was  equally 
crazy  about  the  political  state  of  the 
nation,  and  the  affairs  of  Europe  in 
general.  —  Murphy,  The  Upholsterer 
(1768). 

Raxor  {To  cut  blocks  tcith  a),  Oliver 
(Goldsmith  said  of  Edward  Burke,  the 
statesman: 

Too  deep  (or  hU  hearer*,  he  went  on  reflnlDf, 
And  thooght  of  convincing,  while  they  thought  at  dlnlnf; 
Tho'  eqtnl  to  all  thiugt,  to  all  things  mtflt : 
Too  nke  for  a  ttatesinan.  too  proud  for  a  wit; 
For  a  iwtrlot  too  cool ;  for  a  drudiee  disobedient : 
And  too  (bnd  of  the  right  to  pur«M  the  expfdiwnt. 
In  short,  'twai  bb  fate,  unemplored  or  in  ptnce.  air. 
To  «at  BHitlon  oold.  and  cut  bioclu  with  a  razor. 

JUUUtation  (17741 

l%e  National  Razor,  The  guillotine 
was  so  called  in  the  first  French  Revo- 
lution. 

Bead  {Sir  William),  a  tiufor,  who  set 
up  for  oculist,  and  was  knighted  by 
queen  Anne.  This  quack  was  employed 
both  by  queen  Anne  and  (veorge  1.  Sir 
William  could  not  read.  He  professed 
to  cure  wens,  wry-necks,  and  nare-lips 
(died  1716). 

Nona  shall  their  rise  to  merit  owo— 
That  popish  doctrine  b  exploded  quite. 
Or  Baiph  had  been  no  dake.  and  Read  no  knlf^k 
d  PotUitnl  Squtt  ^  M«  PmUd. 

♦,♦  The  "  Ralph"  referred  to  is  Ralph 
Montagu,  created  viscount  in  1682,  and 
duke  of  Montagu  in  1706  (died  1709). 

Beady-to-Halt,  a  pilgrim  thtt 
joumeved  to  the  Celestial  City  on 
crutches.  He  joined  Mr.  Greatheart's 
party,  and  was  carried  to  heaven  in  a 
chanot  of  fire.— Bunyan,  FUgrinCs  Fro- 
gress,  ii.  (1684)« 


BEA90N. 


9ia 


RED  HAKD  OF  ULSTER. 


{ITie  Feast  of), 

llMre  at.  Joha  nl^lei  with  mf  frtoodtr  WwU 
TIm  fMR  of  won  and  the  flow  of  aooL 
P«p«,  5(Uit«.  L  r  ImltaUoiw  or  Hone*").  127-8  OTM). 

Beason  ( The  goddess  of),  io  the  French 
Rerolntion,  some  say,  was  the  wife  ot 
Momoro  the  priDter ;  but  LAmartine  says 
it  was  MdUe.  Malliard,  an  actress. 

CluraoMttc.  AHkt«d  hy  LaiM,  an  actor  of  tkc  Open^  bad 
aniuiywItlM/ltoorDwambar*}.  ITSa    Millie  Mafikrd, 
MHaai  wUli  fosdl  and  lidMit.  idfiy^  tbc  part 


eftUamddfM.  SbewasbonMinapalangiiin.thacKnoiqr 
of  wUcb  was  formed  of  oak  brancbM.  Women  in  wUf, 
«Hh  tri-aoloarad  MNbet.  pfWMkd  bar.  Attirad  with  ttaa- 
trkal  buAlm.  a  Phi|fglan  cap.  and  a  UUm  chlamn  ov«r  • 
truup^rvnt  tonic,  mc  mu  taken  to  the  foot  of  tne  altar, 
and  MatMl  tbepe.  tahfaid  bar  burnt  an  hnanaae  torcb, 
nrmboUxing  "  the  lame  of  pbUoMpb/,"  the  true  Ifa^t  of 
thaworl^.  ChamMtta.  taking  a  omar  in  bh  baa<&v  tdl 
on  bit  knee*  to  the  foddeea,  and  ofrered 


whole  ooadaded  vftk  da 


fncenae,  and  the 
^M.dar 


SebeWML  leader  of  the  ReWccaTtes, 
a  band  of  Welsh  rioters,  who  in  1843 
made  a  raid  upon  toll-gates.  The; 
captain  and  his  guard  disguised  then)- 
selves  in  female  attire. 

*«*  This  name  arose  from  a.  gross 
perversion  of  a  text  of  Scripture :  **  And 
they  blessed  Rebekah,  «nd  said  unto 
her,  ...  let  tiiy  seed  possess  the  |^ate  of 
those  which  hate  them  **  {Oen.  xxir.  60). 

.fiefocca,  daughter  of  Isaac  the  Jew; 
meek,  modest,  and  high-minded.  She 
loves  Ivanhoe,  who  has  shown  great 
kindness  to  her  and  to  her  father;  and 
when  Ivanhoe  marries  Rowena,  both 
Rebecca  and  her  father  leave  England 
for  a  foreign  land. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Jvanr 
hoe  (time,  Richard  I.). 

JUbecoa  (Mistress) ^  the  favourite  wait- 
ing-maid of  Bfrs.  Margaret  Berlraqpi  of 
Singleside.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Qfijf  Mcwner- 
ing  (time,  George  II.). 

B^oord,  noted  for  hit  superlatives, 
"most  {>reauroptuou8,"  *' most  audacious," 
"  most  impatient,"  as : 

Ob,  jroa  will,  moet  aodadout.  .  .  Lock  at  blm.  nwit 
InquMtlve.  .  .  .  Under  lock  and  kejr.  nwet  hoble.  .  .  . 
I  will.  OMrt  dlsnliod.-&  Bfrch.  rw  Adi^ptml  am4» 


Beoroiting:  OtttOGr  (The),  a  comedy 
by  G.  Farguhar  (1706).  The  "recruiting 
officer"  IS  sergeant  Kite,  his  superior 
officer  is  captain  Plume,  a<id  the  recruit 
is  Sylvia,  who  assumes  the  military  dress 
of  her  brother  and  the  name  of  Jack 
Wilful  alias  Pinch.  Her  lather,  jastiee 
Balance,  allows  the  name  to  pass  the 
muster,  and  when  the  trick  is  discovered, 
to  prevent  scandal,  the  justice  gives  her 
in  marriage  to  the  captain. 

Bad  Book  of  Hargest  {The),  a 
collection  ot  children!s  tales  in  Welsh ;  so 
called  from  Uie  name  of  t^  plAce  where 


it  was  discovered.  Each  tale  is  called 
in  Welsh  a  Mabmogi,  and  the  entire  col* 
leciion  is  the  MabmogUm  (from  mc^  *'  a 
child").  The  tales  relate  chiefly  to 
Arthur  and  the  eariy  British  kings.  A 
translation  in  three  vols.,  with  notes, 
iras  publish^  by  ladj  Charlotte  Guest 
(183^-49). 

-BmdUimp  (Mother),  m  old 
the  Una^crford  Stain.— Sir  W. 
i^or<Mw«o/i^  (time,  JaneaL>. 

Sed^Oao  (Mother).  Madame  Bu^ioii 
wss  so  called,  because  her  bonnet  warn 
deeply  coloured  with  her  own.  blood  ia  % 
street  fi^ht  at  the  outbrea)^  of  the  Frend^ 
Revolution^ — W.  Melville. 

Bed  Cross  Elnight  (TV)  pre- 
sents St.  George  the  patron  s«nt  of  Eng- 
land. His  Mventnres,  wjiich  occupy 
bk.  i.  of  Spenser*s  F<iru.  Queen,  tym- 
bolize  the  struggles  and  uitimAte  vic^iy 
of  holiness  over  sin  (or  protestantism  over 
popery).  Una  comes  on  a  white  ass  to 
the  court  of  Gloriana,  and  craves  that  one 
of  the  knights  would  tmdertake  to  slay 
the  dragon  which  kept  her  father  and' 
mother  prisoners.  The  Red  Cross  Kni^t, 
arrayed  in  all  tiie  armour  of  God  (Spk^ 
vi.  11-17),  undertakes  Uie  adventure,  and 
goes,  accompanied  for  a  time  with  fjaa ; 
but,  deluded  by  ArchimagO|  he  (|uits  the 
lady,  and  the  two  meet  with,  numeront, 
adventures.  At  last,  the  knight,  having 
stain  the  dragon,  marries  Un^.;  apd  thna- 
holiness  is  amed  to  the  Oneaesa  of  Ti^thk. 
(1^90), 

Bed  Flag  (^4)  signified  war  in  the 
Roman  empire;  and  when  displayed  «m 
the  oanitol  it  was  a  call  for  assembling 
the  military  for  active  service. 

Bed  Hair.  Judas  was  repwiented  m 
ancient  paintinga  with  red  luur  and  »d 
beard. 


Hie  vetT  bab  b  of  Um  dhnwbn  w  I 
Somemng  browner  Aan  Jodaara. 
Bbakatiwara.  At  r««  X4te  it,  act  tr.  n  4  CMM|» 

Bed  Hand  of  Ulster. 

Calverjley  of  Calveriey,  Yorkshire. 
Walter  Calveriey,  Esq.,  m  1606,  mur- 
dered two  of  his  children,  and  attempted 
to  murder  his  wife  and  a  child  "at 
nurse."  This  became  the  subject  of  ITts 
Torkshire  Tragedy,  In  consequence  of 
these  murders,  the  family  is  req^i^red  to. 
wear  **  the  bloody  hand^" 

The  Holt  famUy,  of  Lancashire^  b|»  9^ 
similar  traditioo.conneptc;d.  witli  th«iz  6mf^ 
armour; 


BSDHOKSK 


n» 


RED  SWAN. 


Bad  Hone  (Vale  of  the),  in  War- 
wickshire ;  BO  called  from  a  hone  cut  in 
a  hill  of  leddiiih  soil,  '*  a  witness  of  that 
day  we  won  opon  the  Danes.** 

Wbtehonsk.  .  .  exalted  to  ttMaUoi; 

I  otjroo  all  eotttamoM  on)*  Ilea. 


Bed  Knifrht  (The),  sir  PferinVnds, 
one  of  the'  four  brothers  who  kept  tiie 
paaaages  leading  to  Castle  Perilous,  fn 
the  allegory  of  Oareth,  this  knight  retire- 
Mots  BOOB,  and  was  the  third  brother. 
Night,  the  eldest  bom^  was  slain  by  sir 
Gareth ;  the  Green  Knq^t,  whidi  repre- 
■cDts  the  young  day-spring,  was  orer- 
Gome,  but  not  suin ;  and  the  Ited  Kni^t, 
being  orercone,  was  spared  also.  The 
reason  is  this:  darkness  is  aktm,  but 
Awm  ia  oaly  overeomte  bv  the  stronger 
light  of  neon,  and  noon  decays  into  the 
evening  twiUght.  Tennyson,  ia  his 
Oareth  and  Lynette.eaUa  sir  Perimon^ 
«*HeridIes**  or  ''Noonday  Sun.**  The 
Lada  name  is  not  consistent  with  a 
British  tale.— Sir  T.  Malory,  ffiatory  of 
Prince  Arthw,  i.  129  (U70j ;  Tennyson, 
Jdj^U. 

Bed  Knight  of  tSie  Bed  Iiaads 
(3^,sirln>Bsidt.  "  He  had  the  strangth 
of  aeren  dmd,  aad  every  day  his  strength 
west  Oft  iaoseasinr  oil  nooa.**  Ihia 
knght  kept  the  lady  baon^  captive  ia 
Caatle  Penloos.  In  the  allegory  of  sir 
G— eth,  sir  Ironside  represents  dera,  and 
the  capliaPi  bidy  ^  the  Bride**  or  OnutAL 
UiQaHphant.  Sir  Oareth  oonhats  with 
Ktglit,  Mora,  Noon,  aad  Evemog^  or 
fi|^  the  fight  ot  faith,  aad  then  otbik 
eoflica  the  last  enemy,  which  ia  death, 
when  be  maniea  the  lady  or  is  reeeired 
into  the  Chuieh  which  is  "the  Lamb's 
Bride.**^  Tcanysea,  in  his  Gwretk  ami 
jAfiutt^  makes  the  combat  with  the  Red 
Knight  ("Mors**  or  "•  Death'*)  to  be  a 
mnffltstrrite;  Ut  the  iTit^ory  says  that  it 
en<uired  from  mora  to  noon,  sod  fronv 
noon  to  night — in  fact,  that  man's  whole 
life  is  a  contest  with  moral  and  physicai 
death.— Sir  T.  Malory.  History  of  Frimse 
ArUmr,  i.  134-137  (1470);  Tennyson, 
IdjflU  C*Gaicthand  Lynette"). 

Bed'  Itand  {The).    Westphalia  waa 

so  called  by  the  members  of  the  Yehm- 

gericht. 

OriflMQr,  BOM  bat  an  tahahlCant  or  the  Bed  land . . . 
be  ■iailtlii  •  iiiiiiliiiof  tfN  WtaHDde  (er 


Bed-Iiattlce  Phrases,  alo-house 
talk.  Red  lattices  or  cheboers  were 
ordinary  ale-house  signs, — Shakespeare, 


Merry  Wivm  of  Wmdeor,  act  ii.  sc.  4 

(1596). 

TbeebeqMTtvcretbeaniwor  rH—airen,  the  head  of 
vMrb  bOMB.  i»tfeeda|»orthe  Heoirt.  va»la««««ed  vkh 
tbe  power  of  Ikeneirg  the  Mtabilabments  of  rlnUwn  and 
puMkaiM.  Bonne  Uoemed  notifled  the  now  by  dhnrinj. 
ing  the  Fitxwarren  anaa^rtMei.  April »,  ISSa 


Bed  Pipe.  The  Great  Snirit  long 
ago  called  the  Indians  togetoer,  and,, 
standing  on  the  red  pipe-stone  rock, 
broke  off  a  piece,  which  he  made  into  a 
pipe,  and  smoked,  letting  the  smo^e 
exhale  to  the  four  quarters.  He  then 
told  the  Indians  that  the  red  pipe-stone 
was  their  flesh,  and  they  must  use  the 
red  pipe  when  tney  made  peace ;  and  that 
when  they  smoked  it  tiie  war-clnb  and 
seal  ping-knife  must  not  be  touched. 
Haying  so  spoken,  the  Great  Spirit  was 
received  up  into  the  clouds. — American^ 
Indian  Mythology. 


The  rod  pipe  haaMown  Iti  ftHieeof  peace  aad  mr  la 
tbe  WMMiiert  coraen  of  the  coalinent  It  vfalced  emry 
vHnfor.  and  paned  tbmifh  lu  nitmiBJ  aaai  the  in— 
TocaMe  oatb  of  war  and  denlatloa.  Here;  too.  the  peaoe 
breatbhM  eahnoet  waa  bom.  and  friaipd  witfi  eagle'i 
qirilla,  vlikb  baa  ■bed' la  tbdllnc  tame*  over  tbe  laii< 
and  aootbed  the  fwy  of  the  rehotlew  aiw^fc— CatIK 
l«tt*n  «n  .  .  .  <Ae  Jforth  Amar»eaH$,  IL  100. 

Bed  Bidin^-Hood  (LitUe),  a  chUd 
with  a  red  cloak,  who  goes  to  carry  cakes 
to>  her  giaadmother.  A  woU  placed  itself 
in  the  grandmother's  bed,  and  when  the 
child  semarked  apoa  the  size  of  its  eyes, 
ears,  aod  aeae,  replied  it  waa  the  b^ter 
to  see,  hear,  and  smell  the  little  grand- 
child. **Bnt,  giaBdmamma,'*  said  the 
diild,  "what  a  great  moodl  you  have 
ffoti**  ''The  better  to  eat  you  np,"  was 
we  reply,  and  the  child  was  deroared  by 
the  wolf  » 

This  nursery  tale  is,  with  slight  varia* 
tiena,  common  to  Sweden,  (xermaey,  and 
France.  In  (Jharles  Perrault's  Cuntee  dee 
F^{lWi)  iiia  oOled  *'  Le  Petit  Chaperon 
Rouge.** 

Bed  Sea  (The).  So  called  by  tiie 
Greeks  and  Romans.  Perhaps  because  it 
was  the  sea  of  Edom  (*'the  red  man**), 
perhaps  because  the  shore  is  a  red  sand, 
perhaps  because  the  waters  are  reddened 
by  red  sea-weeds  or  a  red  bottom.  The 
Hebrews  called  it  "The  Weedy  Sea** 
( Y'lm-Suph). 


Ike  Bade  Sea  iaMtmoaa  ladettaa  aafotlMrMa.  bat 
Itt  NMue  pkoee  thereof  ii  tbe  aiawBHa  rede,  and  tbereCere 
aen  dapeik  a  the  Bedaflaa.— IteMlefUK  rhwoto  a4«SK 

Bed  Swan  (  The).  Odjibwa,  hearing 
a  strange  noise,  saw  in  the  lake  a  most 
beautiful  red  swan.  Pulling  his  bow,  he 
took  deliberate  aim,  without  effect.  He 
shot  every  arrow  from  his  <^uiver  with  the 
same  result;  then,  fetching  from  his 
lather's    medicine  sack   three    poisoned 


REDGAUNTLET. 


820 


REEVETS  TALE. 


arrowH,  be  shot  them  abo  at  the  bird, 
llie  last  of  the  three  arrows  passed  through 
the  swan's  neck,  whereapon  the  bird  rose 
into  the  air,  and  sailed  away  towards 
the  setting  sun. — Schoolcimft,  Aigic  Re- 
searchetfU,  9  (1839). 

Badnuntlet,  a  story,  told  in  a 
series  of  letters,  about  a  conspiracy  formed 
by  sir  Edward  Hugh  Redganntlet,  on 
behalf  of  the  "Young  Pretender**  Charles 
Edward,  then  above  40  years  of  age. 
The  conspirators  insist  that  the  pnnce 
should  dismiss  his  mistress.  Miss  Walk- 
ingshaw.  and,  as  he  refuses  to  comply 
with  this  demand,  they  abandon  their 
enterprise.  Just  as  a  brig  is  prepared  for 
the  prince*s  departure  from  the  island, 
colonel  Campbell  arrives  with  the  militarv. 
He  connives,  however,  at  the  a£Mr,  the 
conspirators  disperse,  the  prince  embarks, 
and  Kedgaontlet  becomes  the  prior  of  a 
monasteiy  abroad.  Thb  is  one  of  the 
inferior  novels,  but  is  redeemed  by  the 
character  of  Peter  Peebles.~Sir  W.  Scott, 
Rodgwmtlet  (1R24). 

JM«a«M(M«nbodi«a  gnat  dMtl  of  Seott^  own  p«* 
■NuriliklocTMid  ap«iMM0.-€hMBbea.  AifNab  I4i*- 
nMMfv.  ILMi. 

Redgamtlet  (Sir  Albenok)^  an  ancestor 
of  the  family. 

Sir  Edward  Redgamtlet^  son  of  sir 
Alberick :  killed  by  his  fkther*s  horse. 

Sir  Jiooeri  RedgauntM,  an  old  tory, 
mentioned  in  Wandering  Willie's  tale. 

Sir  John  JUdgauntici^  son  and  successor 
of  sir  Robert,  mentioned  in  Wandering 
Wime*s  tale. 

Sir  Redvoald  RedgawMet^  son  of  sir 
John. 

Sir  Henry  Darsie  Redgcnmtlet^  son  of 
sir  Redwald. 

Ladif  Henrv  Darme  Redgmmtlet,  wife 
of  sir  Henry  Darsie. 

Sir  Arthur  Darsie  Redijauntlet,  alias 
Darsie  Latimer^  son  of  air  Henry  and 
lady  Darsie. 

Jiiss  IMias  RedgawUletj  alias  Green- 
manZ/tf,  sister  of  sir  Arthur.  She  marries 
Allan  Fairford. 

Sir  EdvDord  ffvgh  Redgcnmtlet,  the 
Jacobite  conspirator.  He  is  uncle  to 
Darsie  Latimer,  and  is  called  **  Laird  of 
the  Lochs,**  alias  **Mr.  Herrics  of  Bir- 
renswark,'*  alias  "  Master  Ingoldsby." — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  RedgaunUet  (time,  George 
HI.). 

Bed!  {FrancisY,  an  Italian  physiciAn 
and  lyric  poet.  He  was  first  physician 
to  the  grand-duke  of  Tuscany  (1626- 
169R). 


hidM 
laW««tkjnnMc 


Bedlaw  {Mr.),  the  **  haunted  man.** 
He  is  a  professor  of  cfaemifltnr,  who 
baigained  with  the  spirit  which  haunted 
him  to  leave  him,  on  condition  d.  his  im- 
parting to  others  his  own  idioeyncrasica. 
From  this  moment  the  chemist  carried 
with  him  the  infection  of  snllennMS, 
selfishness,  discontent,  and  ingxatitade. 
On  Christmas  Day  the  infection  ecaaed. 
Redlaw  lost  his  morbid  feeling  and  all 
who  suffered  by  his  infection,  being  healed, 
were  restored  to  love,  mirth,  benevokocei, 
and  gratitude.— C.  Dickens,  The  Haunted 
Man  (1848). 

'R^iruMn  {Sir  Magnus),  governor  of 
the  town  of  Berwick  (fifteenth  centnry). 


He  WM  renvkaMa  for  hb  locnc  nd 
dierarora  called  br  Uie  b^bh  "  MacMM 
bgr  Um  Seoftch.  la  deridoa.  "  lii«niii 
I  a  lietea  awae  -Cudwnft.  ICT. 


aaVMs 


Bedmond  CNeale,  Rokeby^ 
i,  beloved  by  Rokeby*s  daughter 
dlda,  whom  he  marries.  He  turns  out 
to  be  Mortham*s  son  and  heir. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Rokeby  (1812). 

Baooe  {Captain),  R.N.,  of  iiat  Mantel- 
piece;  adored  by  all  his  crew.  They 
nad  feather-beds,  warm  slippers,  hoi- 
water  cans,  brown  Windsor  soap,  and 
a  valet  to  every  four,  for  captain  Reeee 
said,  "  It  is  mjr  duty  to  make  my  men 
happy,  and  I  wilL**  Captain  Recce  had 
a  daughter,  ten  female  cousins,  a  nieca, 
and  a  ma,  six  sisters^  and  an  aant  or  two, 
and,  at  the  saggestion  of  William  Lee 
the  coxswain,  married  these  ladies  to  his 
crew — **  It  is  my  duty  to  make  my  men 
happy,  and  I  will.**  Last  of  all,  captain 
Reece  married  the  widowed  mother  of  his 
coxswain,  and  they  were  all  married  oo 
one  day — **  It  was  their  duty,  and  they 
did  it^— W.  S.  GUbert,  ne  Bab  Ballads 
("  Captain  Reece,  ILN.**). 

Beeve'8  Tale  (77^).  SpiondSym- 
kyn,  a  miller  of  Trompington,  near 
Cambridge,  used  to  serve  ^Sokr  flail 
College,**  but  was  an  arrant  thief.  Two 
scholars,  Alcyn  and  John,  nndertook  to 
see  that  a  sack  of  com  sent  to  be  ground 
was  not  tampered  with ;  so  one  stood  bv 
the  hopper,  and  one  bv  tiie  trough  whick 
receivchd  the  flour.  In  the  mean  time, 
the  miller  let  their  horse  loose,  and,  when 
the  young  men  went  to  catch  it,  purloined 
half  a  bushel  of  the  floor,  substituting  meal 
instead.  It  was  so  late  before  the  horse 
could  be  caught,  that  the  miller  offiered 


REFORMADO  CAPTAIN. 


821 


REGIMEN,  Era 


the  two  tchoUn  a  "  ihakedown  **  in  his 
own  chiuub«r,  but  when  they  were  in 
bed  he  began  to  belaboor  them  immerci- 
fully.  A  icaffle  ensued,  in  which  the 
miller,  being  tripped  up,  fell  upon  his 
'wife.  His  wife,  roused  from  her  sleep, 
■eiaed  a  stick,  and  mistnking  the  bald  pate 
of  her  husband  for  the  night-cap  of  one 
of  the  young  men,  banged  it  so  lustily 
thai  the  man  was  almost  stunned  wim 
the  blows.  In  the  mean  time,  the  two 
scholars  made  off  without  pavment, 
taking  with  them  the  sack  and  uso  the 
half-mishel  of  £our  which  had  been  made 
into  cakes. — Chaucer,  Canterfmry  Tales 
(1888). 

%*  Boccaccio  has  a  similar  story  in 
his  Decameron,  It  is  also  the  subject  of 
m  fabHoH  entitled  De  Gombert  et  des 
Deux  Cters,  Chaucer  borrowed  his  story 
from  tLfabiiau  given  b^  Thomas  Wright 
BA  his  AmeodotaLiteranOf  15. 

Beformado  Captain,  an  officer 
shelved  or  degraded  oecanse  his  troops 
have  been  greatly  reduced, 

Helbnnation  ( The),  It  was  noticed 
in  the  early  Lollards,  and  was  radiant  in 
the  works  of  Wycliffe. 

It  was  present  in  the  pulpit  of  Pierre 
dc  Bruys,  in  the  p*g|^  of  Amoldo  da 
Brescia,  in  the  cell  of  Roser  Bacon. 

It  was  active  in  the  Held  with  Peter 
Revel,  in  the  castle  of  lord  Cobham,  in 
the  pulpit  with  John  Huss,  in  the  camp 
with  John  Ziska,  in  the  class-room  of 
Pico  di  Miiandola,  in  the  observatory 
€>f  Abraham  Zacuto,  and  the  college  of 
Antonio  di  Lebrija,  before  father  Martin 
was  bom. 

Be'gaxi,  second  daughter  of  king 
Lear,  and  wife  of  the  duke  of  Cornwall. 
Having  received  the  half  of  her  father's 
kingdom  under  profession  of  unbounded 
love,  she  refused  to  entertain  him  with 
his  suite.  On  the  death  of  her  husband, 
she  designed  to  marry  Edmund  natunl 
son  of  the  earl  of  Gloster,  and  was 
poisoned  by  her  elder  sister  Goneril  out 
of  jealousy.  Regan,  like  Goneril.  is 
proverbial  for  **nlisl  ingratitude.'^  — 
Shakespeare,  King  Lear  (1605). 

Begent  Diamond  (7%tf).  So  called 
from  ue  regent  duke  of  Orleans.  This 
diamond,  the  property  of  France,  at  first 
set  in  the  crown,  and  tilien  in  the  sword 
of  state,  was  purchased  in  India  by  a 
,  governor  of  Madras,  of  whom  the  regent 
bou^t  it  for  £80,000. 

BagilliiS  (The  Battle  of  the  Lake). 


Regillns  Lacns  is  about  twenty  miles 
east  of  Rome,  between  Gabii  (north)  and 
Lavlcum  (south).  The  Romans  had  ex- 
pelled Tarquin  the  Proud  from  the  throne, 
because  of  the  most  scandalous  conduct 
of  his  son  Sextus,  who  had  violated 
Lucretia  and  abused  her  hospitality. 
Thirty  combined  cities  of  Latium,  with 
Sabines  and  Yolscians,  took  the  part  of 
Tarquin,  and  marched  towards  Rome. 
The  Romans  met  the  allied  arm}'  at  tho 
lake  RegiUttS,  and  here,  on  July  15,  n.o. 
499,  they  won  the  great  battle  which  con- 
firmed their  republican  constitution,  and 
in  which  Tarquin,  with  his  sons  Sextos 
and  Titus,  was  slain.  While  victory 
was  still  doubtful,  Cai^r  and  Pollux,  on 
their  white  horses,  appeared  to  the  Roman 
dictator,  and  fought  for  the  Romans.  The 
victory  was  complete,  and  ever  after  the 
Romans  observed  the  anniversary  of  this 
battle  with  a  ^rand  procession  and  sacrifice. 
The  procession  started  from  the  temnle 
of  Mars  outside  the  city  walls,  entered  ny 
the  Porta  CapMa,  traversed  the  chia 
streets  of  Rome,  marched  past  the  temple 
of  Vesta  in  the  forum,  and  then  to  the 
opposite  side  of  the  great  "square,"  where 
they  had  built  a  temple  to  Castor  and 
Pollux  in  gratitude  for  the  aid  rendered 
by  them  in  this  battle.  Here  offerings 
were  made,  and  sacrifice  was  offered  to 
the  Great  Twin-Brothers,  the  sons  of 
Leda.  Macaulay  has  a  lay,  called  The 
BatUe  of  the  Lake  Regillus^  on  the  sub- 
ject. 

WhOT*.  bgr  Um  klw  BeirfOa^ 

Under  tb*  Pordan  hdght. 
All  In  Um  bwd  of  TMcolum. 

Wm  fooiht  Um  giorioai  Sglit. 
MacBBkjr,  Luf  tf  AntUmt  JImm  (ISO) 


A  very  parallel  case  occurs  in  the  life 
of  Mahomet.  The  Koreishites  had  armed 
to  put  down  "the  prophet;"  but  Ma- 
homet met  them  in  arms,  and  on  January 
IS,  624,  won  the  famous  battle  of  Bedr. 
In  the  Koran  (eh.  iii.),  he  tells  us  that 
the  angel  Gabnel,  on  his  horse  HaTxiim, 
apiieared  on  the  field  with  8000  "angels," 
and  won  the  battle  for  him. 

In  the  conquest  of  Mexico,  we  are  told 
that  St.  James  appeared  on  his  grey  horse 
at  the  head  of  toe  Castilian  adventurers, 
and  led  them  on  to  victory.  Bemal  Diaz, 
who  was  in  the  battle,  saw  the  grey  horse, 
but  ftmcies  the  rider  was  Francesco  de 
MorU,  though,  he  confesses,  "  it  might  be 
the  glorious  apostle  St.  James  "  for  aught 
he  knew. 

Begimen  of  the  Sdhool  of  Sa- 
lerno, a  collection  of  precepts  in  Latin 
verse,  written  by  John  of  Milan,  a  poet 


KBCaON  or  DIATH. 


Bagion  of  Death  (XamMullii, 
Than,  neu  IMbi,  fatal,  ban  lOiBe  a(- 
mMpbcfic  infloaDce,  opMiallf  about  un- 


B«g'TlllIB,  «  Unman  general  who 
mBqiHnd  the  CaTthBginiaDB  (n.c.  9M), 
•nd  conpdidd  tlwiii  to  ne  tat  peact. 
While  iMCDtiatiDm  wen  eoiutf  m,  tbc 
CaitbagliibiM,  joistd  bj  Xanthippoa  tiia 
LaeedanoniaD,  attackFd  tbc  Rornaoa  at 
"nmia,  wd  best  Ifaem,  tsking  Ke|[mltn 
BrinWR.     In  2M^tlie  capbre  wa*  Ht  to 


pliCced  hhn  in  a  barrel  armed  with  nailt, 
which  waa  nlled  >p  and  down  a  hill  till 
tbc  man  waa  dead. 

*,*  This  lobjert  has  Airniihed  Pradon 
and  Dont  with  tragedies  (JhncA),  and 
UeMstasio  tlie  Italian  poet  with  an  opera 
oiled  Sagolo  (1740).  "  Rivului"  was  a 
fnvorite  part  of  U»  Fiench  actor  Piao' 
foit  J.  Talma. 

BeJl«ars«l  ( Tie),  a  farce  by  Georga 
Villier.  duke  of  Buckingham  <1671).  It 
waa  desigued  for  a  satire  on  the  riijming 
plays  of  the  time.  The  chief  character, 
Bay»  (I  tyl.),  is  meatit  for  Drydea. 


Baiohel  {Cnlonet),  in  CKorAn  XII., 
by  J.  K.  PlaDCh«(lB26}. 

Bcdeotod  Addreasea,  parodies  od 
Wordsworth,  Cobbett,  SaulLey,  Scott, 
Coleridge,  Crsbbe,  Byron,  Theodore 
Hook,  etc.,  by  James  and  Horace  Smilh  i 
the  copyiitfht  after  the  sij[te«tiUi  edition 


bare  bnen  wiitten  for  Uie  occ 
rejeeted  by  the  directors  (ISIS). 


"Rj'IKt?'.  air  Baatam's  boiH^ 

Bal&pae  (Tile),  a  comedy  by  T>s- 
b»^  (IC97J.  liednced  to  Uiree  acta, 
•od  adapted  to  more  modern  timea  b/ 
Bheridan,  under  the  title  of  A  7V^  fo 
SoatterMgh  (177T). 

B«rdM«al,  principal  McretarT  for 
|iri*iato  afain  in  tha  coart  of  LilUiiat, 
nod  great  frfend  of  Oollmr.  WImd  it 
vae  pTopnsad  to  pat  the.  Han  ■nniilaia 
todaathto(hightR9waa,Reldrm>lBraT«d, 
aa  aa  amssidMBt,  diat  the  "tnitK  ibMU 
bare  both  bit  «y«a  Ht  oat,  and  ba  wiSwed 
to  Uts  that  be  might  serre  the  nation," — 
Swift,  OmIUkt'i  JV«W»  CVortgt  to 
lilltpot,"  I7M). 

■,*  Piob^ly  Uw  Aeao  had  Ibe  KUa 
■tary  »t  Sajuon  aad  A*  rhilietitia*  in 
hit  tho^la. 


WRiMLk. 


m» 


ftENZO  AND  LUaA. 


of  blktra  bftPB  occurred,  but  Um  Mcred  rpUo 
roco»cioi  thdr  virtae  wbon  (as  Oiillwt,  • 

vltk 


of  inrdiloBBCi  iBteiao  m), 
lodik''— ftady.  ML 

*«*  In  Om  Hotd  de  Qitiiy,  Pwis,  Ire 
an  ahowii  4  ring  which  we  are  Msuied 
eonUins  paii  ef  one  of  the  thorns  of  the 
**  crown  of  thorns.** 

Aaloxa,  the  clock  town.  (From  the 
Spaniih  rthx,  *<a  dock.**) 

Itvoria  bo  — e«edli»t)oko.ladoo<.tf  thowrtfroiof 
Polow  wore  to  day  ererr  one  who  onij  ai^od  them  what 
•'d0ek  h  waa.— OBnraatH.  Am  qmlx9f.  n.  U.  8  (1915). 

Bemfitmber  Thou  art  Mortal! 
When  a  Roman  oonoueror  entered  the 
city  in  triumph,  a  siave  was  placed  in 
tHe  thariot  to  whisper  frota  time  to  tiAie 
into  the  ear  of  the  cOnqnerdr,  '*  Kemem- 
bcc  thon  art  a  man  !  ** 

Yespasian,  the  Botnaa  emperor,  had  a 
■Uve  who  said  td  him  daily  as  he  left 
his  chamber,   **  Remember   thou   art   a 

In'the  ancient  EgytoB^pn  haa^beto  H 
enstomary  during  tne  feast  t6  dmw  4 
mnmmy  in  a  car  round  the  banquet  hall, 
«tele  one  uttered  4loud,  **tV>  fttt  ^estate 
ytmoHist  eoknte  at  last !  ** 

When  tin  sultan  of  Serendtb  (j.«. 
Ceylon)  went  abnVad,  his  vizier  cried 
almid,  **Thift  hi  the  mat  monarch,  the 
tremendons  sultan  of  the  Indies  .  .  . 
^leslw  than  Solima  or  the  grand  Mihr- 
ag^ !  **  An  officer  behind  the  monarch 
wen  eitclaimed,  "TMs  uonearch.  though 
ao  gnat  and  powerful,  must  die,  must 
4ie,  most  die !  ^'—AriAiim  Nighti  ("Bind- 
tadv**  sikth  voyae«). 

JEtemois  (2  tyL)^  the  people  of  Bfaeims, 
inFiaaoe. 

Beinond,  a  shepherd  In  BritaimUCk 
PastorttUy  by  William  BrowAe  (1618). 


MitiK  fetenofid.  that  ftdl  ^nXL  eooU  A% 
lOhispipoatPan'kWnlicaroninst 

rho.  for  his  nimble  lea(iiii.twoeta«  lajr«i. 
burdl  fariand  won  on  boUdayM ; 
Ba  fnmAm  of  «»lM>>B  hand  dnuc  Nataro  owdM^ 
noTO  M««r  «M  hta  UU.  Monkoold  bo  «Mr«, 

Bata'ora,  a  little  llsh,  Which  fastens 
itself  on  the  keel  of  a  ship^  and  impedes 
its  progress. 

11W  Alppe  fe  M  kMOMftlo  or  Itao  MvlNg  a  or  the  dead : 
m  tbm  llvtau;  make  H  not  pM  the  fMtcr.  to  the  doad  maho 
a  aet  fM  the  alowor.  for  the  dohd  are  no  Rhemorao  \de] 
to  alter  Um  uiotiiiof  her  jiiiiiii  — arWfwte  ittmarif.  9te., 
SSiMMK 


A  0Mid|r  *ip  with  hnaon  bravotx  4lgfa^ 
Aart  iaf  oo  her  top  eaOant  I  eopfad.  .  .  . 
lOMdSmtr  thoir  doro  unto  hor  ked 
4  Jmb  S*  that  mea  call  Eomon. 
Whkh  stofiped  her  coune  and  held  her  br  Ibo  hMl. 
tU*  ooald  BMnre  b«i' tlienoe  awajr. 


Bem'oreft,  birds  wfakjh  YBtkri  the 
execotion  of  a  project. 


Keaoiae     arei  in  aiiipifio  noDniar  ^w 
aUqnid  remonui  eompoUoBC  —  rortiii»  D*   rortortna 

Ba'naud»  pne  of  the  paladins  of 
(^rlemagne.  always  described  with  the 
properties  of  a  borderer,  valiant,  alert, 
ingenious,  rapacious,  and  unscrupulous. 
B^ter  known  in  the  Italian  form  MwuMo 
{q,v.). 

Henftolt,  a  Frenchman,  and  one  of 
tiie  chief  conspirators  in  which  Pierre 
was  concerned.  When  JafRer  joined  the 
conspiracy,  he  gave  his  wife  Belvide'ra 
as  surety  oif  his  fidelity,  and  a  dagger 
to  be  nsed  against  her  if  he  proved  un- 
faithful.  Renault  attempted  the  honour 
of  the  lady,  and  Jaffier  took  her  back 
in  order  to  protect  her  from  such  insults, 
lite  old  villain  died  on  the  wheel,  and  no 
.one  pitied  him. — ^T.  Otway,  VenUx  Pr^ 
Urved  (1682). 

Sen^t  the  bid  king  of  Provence, 
father  Of  aueeA  MaZirgarK  of  Anjon  (wifr 
of  Henry  Vl.  of  England).  A  minstrel- 
monarch,  friend  to  tiie  chase  and  tilt, 
poetry  and  music.  Thiebault  says  he 
gave  ia  largesses  to  knights-errant  and 
minstrels  more  than  he  YedeivM  in 
revenue  (ch.  xxix,).— Sir  W.  Scott,  Aftme 
of  Geiertteia  (time,  £dward  IV.>. 

Ren^  (2  «y/.),  the  hero  and  title  of  a 
romance  by  Chiteaubriand  (1801).  It 
was  designed  for  an  efHsode  to  his  Q^im 
du  ChriUianisme  (1802).  Ren<$  is  a  man 
of  social  inaction,  conscious  of  possessing 
a  superioi'  genius,  but  his  pride  produces 
b  him  a  morbid  bitterness  of  spirit. 

JUfi^  [LJehlakc],  notary*  public  of 
Ghtnd  Pr^  in  Acadia  {Nova  Scotia^, 
Bent  with  age,  but  with  long  vellow  hair 
io#ing  over  his  shoulders.  He  was  the 
fhther  ot  twenty  children,  and  had  a 
hundred  grandchildren.  Ulien  Acadia 
was  elided  by  the  French  to  England, 
(}eoive  II.  confiscated  the  goods  of  the 
simple  colonists,  and  drove  therti  into 
exile.  Ken^  went  to  Pennsylvania,  where 
he  died,  and  was  buried. — Longfellow, 
Evangdme  (1849). 

Bantowel  {Mr,  Jdbesh)^  a  covenant- 
ing preacher. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Waverley 
(time,  George  II.). 

With  the  vehemence  of  «>mo  pulplt<dnmMnlii8  Gowlc 
tbranp^  [W*9*rUgi  or  -pndam"  Mr.  Jabeeh  Baa> 
towoL— Oarl/la. 

Senso  and  Iinda,  the  hero  and 
heroine  of  an  Italian  novel  by  Alessandd 
Maaeoniv  entitled  TM§  Belroikdd  LoMt 


REPUBLICAN  QUEEN. 


»i4 


RETENGB. 


(**Prome88i  Sposi**).  This  novel  con- 
tains an  account  of  the  Bread  Riot  and 
plague  of  Milan.  Cardinal  Borro'meo  is, 
of  course,  introduced.  There  is  an  Eng- 
lish translation  (1827). 

Republican  Queen  (The)^  Sophie 
Charlotte,  wife  of  Frederick  I.  of  Prussia. 

Besolute  (The)^  John  Florio,  philo- 
logist. He  was  the  tutor  of  prince 
Henry  (1545-1625). 

%*  This  "  Florio  "  was  the  prototype 
of  Shakespeare's  **  Holofem^.** 

Besolute  Doctor  (7^),  John 
Baconthorp  (♦-1346). 

*^*  Guillaume  Durandus  de  St.  Pour- 
cain  was  called  "The  Most  Resolute 
Doctor"  (1267-1382). 

Restless  (Sir  John),  the  snspidoos 
husband  of  a  suspicious  wife.    BoUi  are 
made  wretched  by  their  imaginings  of  the 
other's  infidelity,  but  neiuer  have  the* 
slightest  ground  for  such  suspicion. 

Lady  Mestless,  wife  of  sir  John.  As 
she  haJs  a  fixed  idea  that  her  husband  is 
inconstant,  she  is  always  asking  the  ser- 
vants, "Where  is  sir  Jc*n?"  "  Is  sir  John 
returned?"  "Which  way  did  sir  John 
go?"  "Has  sir  John  received  any  let- 
ters ?  "  "  Who  has  called  ?  "  etc. ;  and, 
whatever  the  answer,  it  is  to  her  a  con- 
firmation of  her  surmises. — A.  Murphy, 
All  in  tha  Wrong  (1761). 

Reuben  Dixon,  a  village  school- 
master of  "  ragged  lads." 

nm  noiw.  Mi4  dirt,  and  stoneb.  uid  plajr.  and  prate. 
Ha  calmly  cuu  Um  pen  or  viewi  the  slate. 

Onbbe.  B«nmgh,  xxlv.  (1810). 

Reuben  and  Seth,  servants  of 
Nathan  ben  Israel,  the  Jew  at  Ashby,  a 
friend  of  Isaac  and  Rebecca. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Ivanhoe  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Reullu'ra  (i.e.  **  beautiful  star"),  the 
wife  of  Aodh,  one  of   the  Culdees  or 
primitive     clergy     of     Scotland,    who 
preached  the  gospel  of  (yod  in  lo'na.  an 
island  south  of  Staffa.     Here  UlvSgre 
the  Dane  landed,  and,  having  put  all  who 
opposed    him    to    death,    seized    Aodh, 
bound  him  in   iron,  carried  him  to  the 
church,  and  demanded  where  tibe  trea- 
sures   were   concealed.    Just   then    ap- 
peared a  mysterious  figure  all  in  white, 
who  first  unbound  Aodh,  and  then  taking 
the  Dane  by  the  arm,  led  him  up  to  the 
statue  of  St.  Columb,  which  immediately 
fell  and   crushed  him  to  death,    llien 
turning  to  the  Norsemen,  the  same  mys- 
terious figure  told  them  to  "go  back, 
and  Uke  the  bones  of  their  chief  with 


them  ; "  adding,  whoever  lifted  hand  in 
the  island  again  should  be  a  pandytic  for 
life.  The  "  saint "  then  transported  the 
remnant  of  the  islanders  to  Ireland  ;  but 
when  search  was  made  for  Rleallnra,  hnr 
body  was  in  the  sea,  and  her  soid  in 
heaven. — Campbell,  Meullura, 

Reutha'mir,  the  principal  man  of 
Balclutha  a  town  belonging  to  the 
Britons  on  the  river  Clyde.  His  daugh- 
ter Moina  married  Qessammor  (Fingars 
uncle  on  tiie  mother's  side).  Reuthamir 
was  killed  by  Comhal  (Fingal*s  father) 
when  he  attacked  Balclutha  and  burned 
it  to  the  ground.— Ossian,  Carthon. 

Rev'eller  (Ladu),  cousin  of  Valeria 
the  blue-stocking.  Lady  Reveller  is  very 
fond  of  play,  but  ultimatdlv  gives  it  up, 
and  is  united  to  lord  Worthy. — ^Hrs. 
CeotUvre,  The  Bas$et  TabU  (1706). 

Revenge  (The),  a  tragedy  by  Ed* 
ward  Toong  (1721).  (For  the  (dot,  see 
Zanoa.) 

Revenge    (The),   the   ship   under   ihe 
command  of  sir  Richard  GrenviUe,  an- 
chored at  Flores,  in  the  Azores,  when  a 
fieet  of  fifty-three  Spanish  ships  hove  in 
sight.    Lord  Thomas  Howard,  with  six 
men-of-war,  sailed  off ;  but  sir  Richard 
stood  his  ground.    He  had  only  a  hundred 
men,  but  with  this  crew  and  his  one  ship  he 
encountered  tiie  Spanish  fleet.    The  fight 
was  very  obstinate.    Some  of  the  Spanish 
ships  were  simk,  and  many  shattered  ;  but 
sir  Richard  at  length  was  wounded,  and 
the  surgeon  shot  while  dressing  the  wound. 
"  Sink  the  ship,  master  gunner ! "  cried 
sir   Richard;    "sink  the  ship,  and  let 
her  not  fall  into  the  hands  of  Spain ! " 
But  the  crew  were  obliged  to  yield,  and 
sir  Richard  died.    The  Spaniards  wer« 
amazed  at  Grenville*s  pluck,  and  gave 
him  all  honours  as  they  cast  his  body 
into  the  sea.     The   Revenge   was    then 
manned  by  Spaniards,  but  never  reached 
the  Spanish  coast,  for  it  was  wrecked  in 
a  tempest,  and  went  down  with  all  hands 
aboard. — ^Tennyson,  The  Jievenje,  a  bal- 
hid  of  the  fleet  (1878). 

%*  This  sea-fight  is  the  subject  of  ooe 
of  Fronde*s  essays. 

Canon  Kingsley  has  introduced  it  in 
Westward  Ho  !  where  he  gives  a  detcrip. 
tion  of  sir  Richard  Grenville. 

Lord  Bacon  says  the  fight  "was 
memorable  even  beyond  credit,  and  to 
the  height  of  heroic  fable." 

Mr.  Arber  published  throe  interesting 


REVENGE. 


826 


REYNOLDS. 


contempormrjr  documents  relating  to  The 
JUwfngt,  by  sir  Walter  Raleigh. 

Gervase  Markham  wrote  a  long  poem 
on  the  subject  (two  hundred  stanzas  of 
eight  lines  each). 

lUvenge  {Tke  Palace  of)^  a  palace  of 
crystal,  nrovided  with  everything  agree- 
able to  life,  except  the  means  of  going 
out  of  it.  The  fairy  Pagan  made  i^  and 
when  Imis  rejected  his  suit  because  she 
loired  prince  Philax,  he  shut  them  up  in 
this  palace  out  of  revenge.  At  the  end  of 
a  few  years,  PAgan  had  his  revenge,  for 
Philax  and  Imis  longed  as  eagerly  for  a 
aeftaration  as  they  had  once  done  to  be 
united. — Comtesse  D* Annoy,  Fairu  Talet 
("  Palace  of  Revenge,*"  1682). 

Berenons  a  nos  ICoutons,  let  us 
return  to  the  matter  in  hand.  The  phrase 
comes  from  an  old  French  comedy  of  the 
fifteenth  oenturv,  entitled  L'Avooai  Pate- 
itHy  by  Blanchet.  A  clothier,  giving 
evidence  against  a  shepherd  who  had 
stolen  some  sheep,  is  for  ever  running 
from  the  subject  to  talk  about  some  eloto 
of  which  Patelin,  his  lawyer,  had  de- 
fnuided  him.  The  judge  from  time  to 
time  pulls  him  up,  by  saying  **WelL 
well!  and  about  the  sheep ?*^  "What 
about  the  sheep?**  (See  Patelin,  p. 
787.) 

Bavolutioxiaiy  Songs.  By  far 
the  most  popular  were : 

1.  La  MardeUUUae^  both  words  and 
music  by  Rouget  de  lisle  (1792). 

2.  VeiUoHS  au  Salui  de  F Empire,  by 
Adolphe  S.  Boy  (1791).  Music  by  Da- 
layra.  Very  strange  that  men  whose 
whole  purpose  was  to  destroy  the  empire, 
■hould  go  about  singing,  **  Let  us  guard 
U!" 

8.  (Si  Ira^  written  to  the  tune  of  Le 
CariUcn  National,  in  1789,  while  V^V"^ 
rations  were  being  made  for  the  Fete  de 
la  Federation,  It  was  a  great  favourite 
with  Marie  Antoinette,  who  was  for  ever 
*' strumming  the  tune  on  her  harpsi- 
chord.** 

4.  Chant  du  DAmrt,  by  Marie  Joseph 
de  Ch^er  (1794).  Music  by  Mdhnl. 
This  was  the  most  popular  next  to  the 
MareeUlaiae, 

5.  La  CarmagmtU.  "Madame  Veto 
avail  promis  de  faire  forger  tout 
Paris  .  .  .  **  (1792).  Probably  so  called 
from  Carmagnole,  in  Piedmont,  The 
burden  of  this  dancing  song  is : 

Dwuon  k  Cbraucnola, 

VtTtleiont  ViTcleteol 
Oiunon  k  GuhmcuoI*, 

Vh«  b  KM  d>  ouKm  I 


6.  Le  Vengeur,  a  cock-and-bull  story, 
in  verse,  about  a  ship  so  called.  Lord 
Howe  took  six  of  the  French  ships,  June 
1,  1794 ;  but  Le  Vengeur  was  sunk  by  tiie 
crew  that  it  might  not  fall  into  the  hands 
of  the  English,  and  went  down  while  the 
crew  shouted,  "Vive  U  Rdpubliqae !  ** 
There  is  as  much  truth  in  this  story  as  in 
DaWd's  picture  of  Napoleon  "Crossing 
the  Alps.^* 

In  the  second  Revolution  we  have : 

1.  La  Parisienne,  called  "The  Mar- 
eeUlaise  of  1830,**  by  Casimir  Delavigne, 
the  same  year. 

2.  La  France  a  rfforreur  du  Servage, 
by  Casimir  Delavigne  (1843). 

3.  La  Champ  ae  BataUle,  by  Emile 
Debreaux  (about  1830). 

The  chief  political  songs  of  B^ranger 
are :  Adieux  ae  Marie  Stuart,  Iah  Cocarde 
Blanche,  Jacques,  La  D^sse,  Marquis  de 
Carabas,  Le  Saore  de  Charles  le  Simple, 
Le  Senateur,  Le  Vieux  Caporal,  and  Le 
VikUn, 

Bewoastle  (Old  John),  a  Jedburgh 
smuggler,  and  one  of  the  Jacobite  con- 
spirators with  the  laird  of  EUiesIaw. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  2%e  Black  Dwarf  (time, 
Anne). 

Heynaldo,  a  servant  to  Polonius. — 
Shakespeare,  Hamlet  (1696). 

Beynard  the  Fox,  the  hero  of  the 
beast-epic  so  called.  This  prose  poem  is 
a  satire  on  the  state  of  Germany  in  the 
Middle  Ages.  Rejmard  represents  the 
Church ;  Iseogrin  the  wolf  (his  uncle) 
tvpifies  the  baronial  element ;  and  Node! 
the  lion  stands  for  the  regal  power.  The 
plot  turns  on  the  struggle  for  supremacy 
between  Reynard  and  Isengrin.  Re>'nara 
uses  all  his  endeavours  to  victimize  every 
one,  especially  his  uncle  Isengrin,  and 
generally  succeeds.  —  Eeinecht  Fuchs 
(thier-epos,  1498). 

Boynardine  (3  tyL),  eldest  son  of 
Rejrmurd  the  fox.  He  assumed  the 
names  of  Dr.  Pedanto  and  Crabron. — 
Beynard  the  Fox  (1498). 

Beynold  of  Montalbon,  one  ef 
Charlemagne's  paladins. 

Beynolds  {Sir  Joshua)  is  thue  de- 
scribed by  Goldsmith : 

Hera  Btrnold*  k  laid ;  and.  to  teO  too  nqr  walai. 
He  bM  not  Ml  a  wiier  or  better  bcbtnd. 
Hh  pencil  WM  •trfklns.  redsticM.  and  grud ; 
Hk  mannm  wen  fnatle,  oompl)rlnc,  and  Maud.  .  .  • 
To  eozcombe  averte.  yet  moat  dvOljr  •leeritac 
WhMi  tlicr  >idfled  without  sklB.  be  wai  ttlU  hmA  St 
htatbtgl 


RKZIO. 


BHK8U8. 


HMftrfkalof 


Oam«k»[«leli 


Bt  rirfftad  hb  tntrnptt.  u4  oolj  took 


N.B.^Sir  Joshua  RejDoldiwms  hard  of 
heafiog,  and  used  an  ear-trampet. 

Besi'io  (Dr.)  or  "Pedro  Rezio  of 
Ain^c'ro,**  the  doctor  of  Barata'riai  who 
forbade  Sancho  Panxa  to  taste  any  of  the 
meats  set  before  him.  Roast  partridge 
was  "forbidden  by  Hippoc'rat^.**  Po- 
dri'da  was  "  the  most  pemicioos  food  in 
the  world.**  Babbits  were  "a  sharp-haired 
diet.**  Teal  was  "  prejodicial  to  health.** 
Bat,  he  said,  the  governor  might  eat  "a 
few  wafers,  and  a  thin  slice  or  two  of 
qninoe.** — Cervantes,  D<m  Quixote,  II. 
m.  10  (1616). 

Db.  Sanorado  seems  to  be  copied  in 
some  measure  from  thb  character.  His 
panacea  was  hot  water  and  stewed  apples. 
— Lesage,  Oil  Bias  (1715-35). 

Dk.  Hancock  (a  real  character)  pre^ 
scribed  cold  water  and  stewed  prunes. 

Bhadaman'thus,  son  of  Jupiter  and 
Euro'pa.  He  reigned  in  the  Cyclad^ 
with  such  partiality,  that  at  death  he  was 
made  one  of  the  JQC^g^  o^  the  infernal 
regions. 

And  If  departed  aoid*  mart  rto  Mpla,  .  .  . 
And  bide  the  Judgment  of  mwara  or  pein ;  .  .  . 
Ilien  BhndamuiMM  Mid  ileni  Mlnae  were 
TVue  tfpm  of  Juttloe  wtiUe  ther  Brhd  htm. 

Lord  Brooke.  JfeMoreMe,  L  (ISSi-lSHL 

Rhaxnpfldxii'tos,  king  oi  Egypt, 
vsoally  called  Ram'esds  lll^  the  richest 
of  the  Egyptian  monarchs,  who  amassed 
72  millions  sterling,  which  he  secured  'm 
a  treasury  of  stone.  By  an  artifice  of 
the  builder,  he  was  robbed  every  nigfatw— 
Berodotos,  it  ISl. 

A  parallel  tale  is  told  of  Hyricus 
Hy',ri,uce]  of  Hyrla.  His  two  architects, 
ProphOnios  and  Agam^^  (brothers),  built 
his  treasure-vaults,  but  left  one  stone 
removable  at  pleasure.  After  great  loss 
of  treasure,  Hyrieus  spread  a  net,  in 
which  Agame'des  was  caught.  To  pre- 
vent recognition,  Trophonios  eat  off  his 
brother's  head.— Pausanias,  Itinerary  of 
Oreeoe,  ix.  87,  8. 

A  similar  tale  is  told  of  the  tveasore- 
taults  of  Aug&is  king  o£  Elis. 

Blia'siB  or  Mohammed  Aboubekr  ibn 
Zakaria  el  Razi,  a  noted  Arabian  physi- 
cian. He  wrote  a  treatise  on  smail-pox 
and  measles,  with  some  200  other  treatises 

(860-928). 

Won.  error  has  no  end ; 
And  Bhaato  k  •  Mge. 

R.  Browning,  Airaee/MM,  01. 

Hhea's  Child.    Jupiter  is  so  called 


^ 


by  Pindar. 
Mtoni. 


Of] 


He   dethroned   hk  fatliOT 


Ikeddi 

Smtmnilhm 


OTSTli 


RhirimB  {The  Jackdaw  of).  The 
cardinal-archbishop  of  Rheims  made  a 
^land  feast,  to  which  he  invited  all  the 
joblillies  of  the  neighbouxhood.  There 
were  abbots  and  prelates,  knights  and 
squires,  and  all  who  delignted  to  honour 
the  great  panjandrnm  of  Rheims.  The 
feast  over,  water  was  served,  and  his  lord- 
ship's grace,  drawing  off  his  turquoise  ring^ 
laia  it  oesiae  his  place,  dipped  his  fingers 
into  the  golden  dowI,  and  wiped  them 
on  his  napkin ;  but  when  he  looked  to  put 
on  his  ring,  it  was  nowhere  to  be  found. 
It  was  evidently  gone.  The  door  was 
searched,  tiic  plates  and  dishes  lifted  ap, 
the  mugs  and  chalices,  every  poesible  and 
impossible  place  was  poked  into,  but 
without  avaiL  The  ring  must  have  been 
stolen.  His  grace  was  furious,  and,  in 
dignified  indignation,  calling  for  bell, 
b(Mk,  and  candle,  banned  the  thic^  both 
body  and  soul,  this  life  and  for  ever.  It 
was  a  terrible  curse,  but  none  of  tiae 
guests  seemed  the  worse  for  it— except^ 
indeed,  the  jackdaw.  The  poor  bird  wae 
a  pitiable  ooject,  his  head  lobbed  down, 
his  wings  draggled  on  the  floor^  bb 
feathers  were  all  nifiled,  and  with  a 
f^ost  of  a  caw  be  praved  tne  companr  tu 
follow  him ;  when  lo  f  there  was  the  ring, 
hidden  in  some  sly  comer  by  the  jack- 
daw as  a  clever  practical  joke.  His 
lordship's  grace  smiled  bcnignantfy,  and 
instantly  removed  the  curse ;  when  lo ! 
as  if  by  magic,  the  bird  became  fat  smid 
sleek  again,  perkjr  and  impudent,  wi^ 
ging  his  tail,  winking  his  ^e,  aaa  cock* 
ing  his  head  on  one  side,  then  up  be 
hopped  to  his  old  place  on  the  cardinal's 
chair.  Never  after  this  did  he  indvlge  in 
thievish  tricks,  but  became  so  devout,  so 
constant  at  feast  and  chapel,  so  well- 
behaved  at  matins  and  vespers,  that  when 
he  died  he  died  in  the  odour  of  sanctity, 
and  was  canonized,  his  name  being 
dianged  to  that  of  Jim  Crow.— Barham, 
Ingolasby  Legends  ("Jackdaw  of  Bbdms," 
1887). 

Bhdne  (1  iylX  the  RMiie,  the  Utin 
Bhe'nus^Uatont  Paradise  Loei^  u  SM 
(1666). 

Bhesus  was  on  his  narch  to  aid  the 
Trojans  in  their  si^re,  and  bad  nearly 
reached  Ttoy,  when  Be  was  attacked  in 
the  night  by  Ulysses  And  Diomed.    la 


BHETORIC  W  A  dlLYER  FEE.     f^ 


RiBtoN. 


tiii«  ttirprise  Rhesiu  and  all  his  &hny  were 
cut  to  pieces.— Homer)  IJiady  x. 

A  very  parallel  case  was  tiiat  of  Sweno 
the  Dane,  who  was  marching  to  join 
Godfker  and  tiM  crusaders,  when  he  was 
attacked  in  the  ni^ht  by  Solyman,  and 
both  Sweno  and  his  army  Mrished. — 
Tkcso,  Jenuaiem  Dciivertd  (1575). 

Bhetoric  of  a  Silver  Fee  {The), 

He  wlU  rtvara  ibe  watdiman'a  hank  decree^ 
Mof«d  by  theHkHork  oT  •  dhTM- fee. 

Gay,  Tri»U,  UL  817  OTiS). 

fihiannoil's  Birdd.  The  notes  of 
these  birds  wer6  so  sweet  that  warriors 
remained  spell-bound  for  •ighty  yean 
together  listening  to  them.  These  birds 
Are  often  alluded  to  by  the  Welsh  bards. 
(Rhiannon  was  the  wife  of  prince  Pwyll.) 
—  The  Mafiinoffwn^  863  (twelfth  century). 

The  snow-white  bird  which  the  monk 
Felix  listened  to  sang  so  enchantingly 
that  he  was  spell-bound  for  a  hundred 
years  listening  to  It — Longfellow^  Golden 
I^etjendL 


(The  Irish),    The  Blackwater 
ia  so  called  from  its  scenery. 

Rhinnim  Bbin  Banutwd** 
Sottles  had  the  rirtue  of  keeping  sweet 
whatevta  Ikitior  Waa  put  in  them. — The 
MMnoffiom  ('^Kilhwch  and  Olwen," 
twelfth  century). 

fihinooeros.  The  horn  of  the  rhi- 
noceros being  **cut  through  the  middle 
from  one  extremity  to  the  other,  on  it 
wiU  be  seen  several  white  lines  repre- 
•enting  human  figures.'* — ArabSan  Ntyhts 
("Sindbad's  Second  Voyage"). 

Bhinoeer(M-Hotn  a  PoUtm- Detector,  If 
poison  is  put  into  a  vessel  made  of  a 
rfainoceros'ft  horn,  the  liquid  contained 
thereih  will  efferveace. 

Rhmoeerot  and  Elephani,  The  ihino- 
eeros  with  its  horn  gores  the  elephant 
andei*  tiie  belly,  but  blood  running  into 
the  eyes  of  the  rhinoceros,  blinds  it,  and 
it  becomes  an  easy  prey  to  the  roc — 
Ardbkm  Nighte  (**  Sindbad't  Second 
Voyage'-). 

BhodAlind,  daughter  of  Aribert  king 
of  Lomliardy,  in  lov^  with  duke  Gondi- 
bert;  but  Gondibert  preferred  Birtha,  a 
country  girl,  daughter  of  the  sage  As- 
trigon.  While  the  duke  is  whispering 
sweet  love-notes  to  Birtha,  a  page  comes 
post-haste  to  annoonoe  to  him  that  the 
king  has  proclaimed  him  his  heir,  and  is 
about  to  give  him  his  daughter  in  mar- 
riage. The  duke  gives  Birtha  an  emerald 
ring,  and  says  if  he  is  false  to  her  the 
eueimld  will  lose  its  liutre  ^  thfn  hastjens 


to  court  in  obedience  to  the  king's  sum- 
mons. Here  tiie  tale  breaks  off,  and 
was  never  finished. — Sir  Wm.  Davenant, 
Oondibert  (lG0&>166d). 

Bhodian  Venus  {The),    This  was 

the  '*  Venus"  of  Protog'ends  mentioned  by 

Pliny,  Natural  History ^  xxxv.  10. 

WhM  flnt  the  BhodlMi's  almk  art  anwvd 
Tba  Qoaen  of  Bmutr  in  Imt  Cyprian  diad«, 
Tha  happy  maater  minsted  in  hU  |>ieoe 
■Mh  iM*  UmU  chamMi  hlni  in  Iba  fUr  oTOraaea. 
Canpbatt.  Pimmrm  nf  Bop*,  if.  (17W}. 

Prior  (1664-1721)  refers  to  Ae  same 
painting  in  his  fable  of  Protogenei  and 
Apelles: 


,  vott  ial«Bd  to  Mtar 
Vanua:  'UtUiaplaee 


Ihopciir. 

To  Ma  oar , , 

Tha  Moat  faDoimad  thrwuhowt  afl 

Bhod'ope  (S  ayl,)  or  Bhod'opia, 
a  celebrated  Greek  courtezan,  who  after- 
wards married  Psammetichus  king  of 
Egypt.  It  is  said  that  she  built  the  uiird 
pyramid. — Pliny,  Nat,  Hist,,  xxxvi.  12. 

A  Matatter  nrraaib  to  kar  111  rear. 
Than  Rbodoua'a. 
flhakattwm.  1  #MirY  F/.  ici  L  ac  8  (IMV). 

Bhombus,  a  schoolmaster  who 
speaks  **a  leash  of  Un|in>Ages  at  once,^' 
puzzling  himself  and  his  hearers  with  a 
largon  like  that  of  "Holofera^"  in 
Shakespeare's  Lwe^s  Labour's  Lost  (1594). 
—Sir  Philip  Sidney,  Pastoral  Entertatn- 
ment  (1687). 

Bhombus,  a  spinning-wheel  or  rolling 
instrument,  used  by  the  Roman  witches 
for  fetehing  the  moon  out  of  heaven. 

Qmm  MMT  HiwaHco  kttukm  dadneara  rhoaabe  [aoM^— 
Martial.  Kyi0rmnu,\ai.ie. 

Rhone  of  Christian  Blo<|iienoe 
{The),  SU  Hilary  (800-367). 

Rhone    of    Iiatin    Sloquenee 

(The),    St.  Hilary  is  so  called  by  St. 
Jerome  (300-867). 

RhonflK>in3rant,  the  lance  of  king 
Arthur.--TAtf  Siabinoffioii  (*«Kilhwch  and 
Olwen,"  twelfth  century). 

Rhyming  to  Death.  In  1  Henry 
VL  act  L  sc.  1,  Thomas  Beaufort  duke 
of  Exeter,  speaking  about  the  death  of 
Henry  V.,  says.  **  Must  we  think  that 
the  Kubtle-witted  French  conjurors  and 
sorcerers,  out  of  fear  of  him, .'  by  inajric 
verses  have  contrived  his  end '7"  'fiie 
notion  of  killing  by  incantation  was  at 
one  time  very  common. 

Irii4inien  .  .  .  will  not  stick  to  afllnna  tfiat  thay  can 
rime  altiiar  man  or  baait  to  daatlL^Rat.  Soot.  Mteimri* 
9t  W*Jl€kentft  (10S4). 

Ribbon.  The  yellow  ribbon,  in 
France,  indicates  that  the  wearer  has 
ivon  a  m^daiHe  militaire  (instituted  by 


RIBEMONT. 


828 


RICHELIEU. 


Napoleoo  III.)  as  a  minor  decoration  of 
the  Legion  of  Honour. 

The  red  ribbon  marks  a  chevalier  of 
the  Legion  of  Honour.  A  rosette 
indicates  a  higher  grade  than  that  of 
chexxitier, 

Bibemont  (3  syL)^  the  bravest  and 
noblest  of  the  French  host  in  the  battle 
of  Poitiers.  He  alone  dares  confess  that 
the  English  are  a  brave  people.  In  the 
battle  he  is  slain  by  lord  Audley. 
—Shirley,  Edward  the  Black  Prince 
(1640). 

RibemoiU  {Comt),  in  The  Siege  of  Calaie, 
by  Colman. 

Riooar'do^  commander  of  Plymouth 
fortress,  a  puntan  to  whom  lord  Walton 
has  promised  his  daughter  Elvira  in 
marriage.  Riccardo  learns  that  the  lady 
is  in  love  with  Arthur  Talbot,  and  when 
Arthur  is  taken  prisoner  by  CromwelVs 
soldiers,  Riccardo  promises  to  use  his 
efforts  to  obtain  his  pardon.  This, 
however,  is  not  needful,  for  Cromwell, 
feeling  unite  secure  of  his  position, 
orders  all  the  captives  of  war  to  be 
released.  Riccardo  is  the  Italian  form 
of  sir  Richard  Forth. — Bellini,  I  Furitam 
(opera,  1834). 

Biooiardetto,  son  of  Aymon,  and 
brother  of  Bradamante. — Ariosto,  Or- 
lando  Fw'ioeo  (1516). 

Bioe.  Eating  rice  with  a  bodkin, 
Amind,  the  beautiful  wife  of  Sidi  Nouman, 
ate  rice  with  a  bodkin,  but  she  was  a  ghoul. 
(See  Aminr.) 

Richard,  a  fine,  honest  lad,  by  trade 
a  smith.  He  marries  on  New  Tear*s  Day 
Meg,  the  daughter  of  Toby  Yeck.— C. 
Dickens,  The  Chimes  (1844). 

Richard  {St/uire),  eldest  son  of  sir 
Francis  Wronghead  of  Bumper  HalL  A 
country  bumpkin,  wholly  iffnoraat  of  the 
world  and  of  literature. — Yanbrugh  and 
Cibber,  The  Provoked  Husband  (1727). 

Robert  WeUMrflt  (170S- 17491  camt  to  Dnity  Lano  • 
buy,  where  be  sbowed  lib  ristiig  ^enim  in  tiM  part  of 
"  aqulre  RlefaanL"— Ctietwood,  UUtor^  */  th«  Stmg*. 

Richard  {Prince),  eldest  son  of  king 
Henry  H.—Sir  W.  Scott.  The  Betroth^ 
(time,  Henry  II.). 

Richard  **C(£ur  de  Lion,*'  introduced 
in  two  novels  by  sir  W.  Scott  (The 
Talisman  and  Ivanhoe),  In  the  latter  he 
first  appears  as  '<  The  BUck  Knight,"  at 
the  timmament,  and  »  called  Le  Noir 
Fain^nt  or  *'  The  Black  Sluggard ; "  also 
**The  Knight  of  the  Fetter-lock.' 


»i 


Richard  a  Name  of  Terror.  The  name 
of  Richard  I.,  like  that  of  Attila,  Bona- 
parte, 0>rv{nus,  Narses,  Sebastian,  Tal- 
bot, Tamerlane,  and  other  great  con- 
querors, was  at  one  time  employed  m 
terrorem  to  disobedient  children.  (See 
Names  of  Terror,  p.  675.) 

Hh  tremeiidoDa  name  wm  eaipknrad  bf  tlM  %t1aa 
motber*  to  ■lleooe  their  f  ofaats ;  ami  u  a  bofse 
ftarted  tntu  the  «ar.  Us  rMor  «bs  wont  to 
"Duet  thou  think  Unt  Richard te in  theb«h»' 
bon.  £>«orifM  mmd  /tell  ^  Me  Anwra  Jtauwr*.  tL  MS 
(1776-S8). 

The  Daughters  of  Richard  I.  When 
Richard  was  in  France,  Fulco  a  priest 
told  him  he  ought  to  beware  how  h« 
bestowed  his  daughters  in  marriage,  "  I 
have  no  daughters,"  said  the  king. 
"Nay,  nay,"  replied  Fulco,  ** all  the 
world  knows  that  you  have  three — Pride, 
Covetousness,  and  Lechery."  "  If  these 
are  my  daughters,"  said  the  king,  **[ 
know  well  how  to  bestow  them  w^re 
tilie^r  will  be  well  cherished.  My  eldest 
1  give  to  the  Knights  TempUrd^  my 
second  to  the  monks ;  and  my  third,  I 
cannot  bestow  better  than  on  yooraelf, 
for  I  am  sure  she  will  never  be  divorced 
nor  neglected." — ^Thomas  Milles,  2Viw 
Nobility  (1610). 

The  Horse  of  Richard  /.,  Fennel. 

Ah.  Fennel,  wjr  noUe  hotm,  than  bl«i4Mi^  Ihtm  art 
gmkal—Cmmr  e*  Uit  mitd  Mit  hm-m. 

The  Troubadour  of  Richard  /.,  Bei^ 
trand  de  Bom. 

Bichard  IL's  Horse,  Roan  Barbaiy. 
— Shakespeare,  Richard  11,  act  v.  sc  5 
(1597). 

Biohard  IIL.  a  tragedy  l^  Shake- 
speare (1697).  At  one  time,  parts  of 
Kowe's  tragedy  of  Jane  Shore  were 
woven  in  t^e  acting  edition,  and  John 
Kemble  introduced  other  clap-traps  from 
CoUey  Cibber.  The  best  actors  of  this 
part  were  David  Garrick  (1716-1779), 
Henrv  Mossop  (1729-1773),  and  Kdmund 
Kean' (1787-1838). 


Richard  IIL  wu  o«^  18  feait  old  ai  tha 
Shakeipeare'e  play.— Sharoo  ItenMr. 

I%tf  Horse  of  Richard  III,,  White 
Surrey. — Shakespeare,  Richard  III,  act 
V.  sc.  8  (1697). 

Richard's  himself  again  !  These  words 
were  interpolated  oy  John  Kemble  from 
Colley  Cibber. 

BioheUeu  (Armand),  cardinal  and 
chief  minister  of  France.  The  duke  of 
Orleans  (the  king*s  brother^,  the  count  de 
Baradas  (the  king*s  favounte),  and  other 
noblemen  conspired  to  assassinate  Riche* 
lieu,  dethrone    Louis  XI II.,  and  make 


RICHLAND. 


629 


RIGDUM-FUNNIDOS. 


Gaston  dake  of  Orleans  the  recent.  The 
plot  WM  revealed  to  the  cardinal  by 
Marion  de  Lorme,  in  whose  house  the 
conspirators  met.  The  conspirators  were 
arrested,  and  several  of  them  put  to 
death,  bat  Gaston  dake  of  Orleans  tamed 
king's  evidence  and  was  pardoned. — Lord 
Lytton,  Richelieu  (1889). 

Biehland  {Mist),  intended  for  Leon- 
tine  Croaker,  bat  she  gives  her  hand  in 
marriaee  to  Mr.  Honejrwood,  "the  good- 
natared  man,"  who  promises  to  abandon 
bis  qaixotic  benevolence,  and  to  make  it 
his  study  in  future  **  to  reserve  his  pity 
for  real  dbtress,  his  friendship  for  true 
merit,  and  his  love  for  her  who  first 
taught  him  what  it  is  to  be  happy." — 
Goldsmith,  The  Qood-naUtred  Man  {17^). 

Riohmond  (The  duchess  of),  wife  of 
Charles  Stuart,  in  the  court  of  Charles 
II.  The  line  became  extinct,  and  the 
title  was  given  to  the  Lennox  family. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Peveril  of  the  Feak  (time, 
Charles  II.). 

Richmond  (The  eari  of)^  Henrr  of 
Lancaster.-— Sir  W.  Scott,  Awm  of  Qeter- 
stein  (time,  Edward  lY.). 

Biohmond  Hill  (The  Lass  of).  Miss 
r  Anson  of  Hill  House,  Richmond,  York- 
shire. Words  by  M*Nally ;  music  by 
James  Hook,  who  married  the  young 
lady. 

Tkm  Urn  V  Mtkw»»m4  JTOT  ti  one  oT  th*  swMlMi 


Hickets  (Mabel),  the  old  nurse  of 
Frank  Osbaldi8tone.--Sir  W.  Scott,  Bob 
Roy  (time,  George  I.). 

Biderhood  (Hogue),  the  villain  in 
Dickens*!  novel  of  Otir  Mutual  Friend 
(1864). 

Bides  on  the  Tempest  and 
I>ireet8t]ie8torm.  Joseph  Addison, 
■peaking  of  the  duke  of  Marlborough  and 
his  famous  victories,  says  that  ne  in- 
spired the  fainting  squadrons,  and  stood 
unmoved  in  the  shock  of  battle : 


So  vWn  Ml  Misil  ^  dtrlnc  wwimod. 
Wkk  rtabw  twuMti  A»km  m  guOtf  huid. 
Pueh  ••  of  IMP  o  cr  pal«  Britannia  patt. 
CUm  and  Mnae  be  drfTM  Um  tariow  blait ; 
And.  piMMd  tk'  AlmlglitT's  ardcn  to  parfana. 
BIdH  on  tha  tcauMt  and  dlraets  the  storm. 

Tkt  Ommpaign  Q7Vn» 

%♦  The  "tempest"  referred  to  by 
Addison  in  these  lines  is  that  called  "The 
Great  Storm,"  November  26-7,  1703,  the 
most  temble  on  record.  The  loss  of 
proper^  in  London  alone  exceeded  two 
millions  sterling.  Above  8000  persons 
drowned,    12    men-of-war    were 


wrecked,  17,000  trees  in  Kent  alone  were 
uprooted,  Eddystone  lighthouse  was  de- 
stroyed. 16,000  sheep  were  blown  into  tha 
SM,  and  the  bishop  of  Bath  and  WeU# 
with  his  wife  were  killed  in  bed  in  theii 
palace  in  Somersetshire. 

Bldicule  (Father  of),  Francois  Ra- 
belais is  so  styled  by  sir  William  Temple 
(1495-1668). 

BidolphuB»  one  of  the  band  of 
adventurers  that  joined  the  crusaders. 
He  was  slain  by  Aivant^s  (bk.  vii.).— 
Tasso,  Jerusalem  Demered  (1675). 

Bienzi  (Nicolo  Gabrini)  or  Cola  di 
RiBNZi,  last  of  the  tribunes,  who  as- 
sumed the  name  of  "  Tribune  of  Liberty, 
Peace,  and  Justice"  (1813-1854). 

*^*  Cola  di  Kienzi  is  the  hero  of  a 
novel  by  lord  Bulwer  Lvtton,  entitled 
Biemi  or  ITie  Last  of  the  Karons  (1849). 

Bienzi,  an  opera  by  Wagner  (1841).  It 
opens  with  a  number  of  the  Orsini  break- 
ing into  Rienzi's  house,  in  order  to  abduct 
his  sister  IrCnd,  but  in  this  tiiey  are  foiled 
by  the  arrival  of  the  Colonna  and  his  fol- 
lowers. The  outrage  provokes  a  general 
insurrection,  and  Kienzi  is  appointed 
leader.  The  nobles  are  worsted,  and 
Rienzi  becomes  a  senator ;  but  the  aris- 
tocracy hate  him,  and  Paolo  Orsini  seeks 
to  assassinate  him,  but  without  success. 
By  the  machinations .  of  the  German 
emperor  and  the  Colonna,  Rienzi  is  ex- 
communicated and  deserted  by  all  his 
adherents.  He  is  ultimately  fired  on  by 
the  populace  and  killed  on  the  steps  of 
the  capitol.    Libretto  by  J.  P.  Jackson. 

Bienn  (The  English),  William  with 
the  Long  Beard,  alias  Fitzosbert  ('^-1196). 

Blgaud  (Mons.),  a  Belgian,  36  srears 
of  age,  confined  in  a  villainous  prison  at 
Marseilles  for  murdering  his  wife.  He 
had  a  hooked  nose,  handsome  after  its 
kind  but  too  high  between  the  eyes,  and 
his  eyes,  though  sharp,  were  too  near  to 
one  another.  He  was,  however,  a  laige, 
tall  man,  with  thin  lips,  and  a  goodlv 
quantitv  of  dry  hair  ihot  with  red. 
When  he  eipoke,  his  moustache  went  up 
under  his  nose,  and  his  nose  came  down 
over  his  moustache.  After  his  liberation 
from  prison,  h^  first  took  the  name  of 
Lajgpoier^  and  then  of  Blandois,  his  name 
being  Rigaud  Lagnier  Blandois. — Charles 
Dickens,  LUtle  3orrit  (1867). 

Bigdum-Funnidos,  a  courtier  in 
the  piuace  of  king  Chrononhotonthologos. 
After  the  death  of  the  king,  the  widowed 


RiQHT.Hrrrma  brand. 


Rifra. 


qceen  is  a^Msed  to  marry  -^^^aSH)  and 
Rigdam-Funnidos  is  propped  to  her 
as  **  a  very  proper  man."  At  thia  Aldi- 
boroQtephoscopaomio  takes  umbrage,  and 
the  qaeen  says^  "Well,  gentlemen,  to 
make  matters  easy,  Til  have  you  bofch/' 
^•H.  Carey,  Chrononhotonthoiogos  (1794). 
*^*  John  Ballantyne,  the  publisher, 
was  so  called  by  sir  W.  dcott.  He  was 
**a  quick,  active,  intrepid  little  fellow, 
full  of  fun  and  merriment  ...  all  over 
quaintncss  and  humorous  mimicry.** 

Bight-Hittin£  Brand,  one  of  the 

companions  of  Robin  Uood,  mentioned 
by  Mundy. 

Biff'olette  (8  ^/.),  a  erisette  and 
courtc;xan. — Eugene  Sue}  Jfytieriei  <if 
Jfaris  (1»42-^). 

Bigoletto,  an  opera^  describing  the 
agony  of  a  father  obliged  to  witness  the 
prostitution  of  his  own  daughter. — Verdi, 
aigoUtto  (1852). 

*«*  The  libretto  of  this  opete  is  bor- 
hnred  from  Victor  Hago's  dnms  Le  Boi 
§  iliitaM* 

ttiin^ap  (Joe],  one  of  ^e  mlnfets  of 
fcir  Geoffrey  Peverll  of  the  Peak.—Sir 
W.  Scott,  Peveril  of  the  Peak  (time, 
Charles  11.). 

jftimini  {FhMo$$oa  di),  m  Uromai  of 
extraordinary  beauty,  daughter  of  a  sig- 
Bora  of  Ravenna.  *8he  was  married  to 
lianciotto  Malatesta  signore  of  Rimini, 
a  man  of  great  bravery,  but  deformed. 
Hie  brother  Paolo  was  extremely  hand- 
some, and  with  him  Frahcesea  fell  in 
love.  Lanciotto,  detecting  them  in 
criminal  intercourse,  killed  them  both 
(138d). 

This  tale  forms  one  of  the  episodes  of 
Dantd's  Inferno ;  is  the  subject  of  a  tragedy 
ealled  fy-anc^ca  di  J^trntm,  by  Silvio  PeC- 
lico  (1819) ;  and  Leigh  Hunt,  about  the 
0ame  time,  published  his  Story  of  BimiiU, 
in  verse. 

mmmon.  seventh  in  order  of  the 
hierarchy  of  hell:  (1)  Satan,  (2)  Beelze- 
bub, (3)  Moloch,  (4)  Chcmos,  (6)  Tbom- 
muz,  (6)  Dagon,  (7)  Rimmon  whose  chief 
temple  was  at  Damascus  (2  Kings  v.  18). 

Him  lOaaon]  foUowod  KinuDoa,  vkoM  deU^tAd  Mat 
Wm  air  nunnanu  on  the  fertile  bonkt 
Of  atTMUia  and  PLcrpikar.  ladd  etreanM. 

lltlton.  ParatUtt  Lott,  L  407.  et&  aSO). 

RinaldOj  son  of  the  fourth  marquis 
d'Bst^  cousm  of  Orlando,  and  nephew 
of  Oliarkmagne.  He  was  the  rival  of 
Orlando  in  his  love  for  Angelica,  but 
Angelica  detested  him.     Rinaldo  brought 


an  auxiliary  fbtce  of  English  and  8oi>««L 
to  Cflarlemagne,  which  "Silence"  con- 
ducted safely  into  Paris.— Ariosto,  Or- 
hcndo  Farioeo  (1616). 

Sinaldo,  the  Achilles  of  ihe  Christiaa 
army  in  the  siege  of  Jerusalem.  He  was 
the  son  of  fiertoldo  and  Sophia,  but  was 
brought  up  by  Matilda.  Rinaldo  joined  the 
crusaders  at  the  age  of  15.  Bein|^  sum- 
moned to  a  public  trial  for  tiie  death  of 
Oemando,  he  went  into  voluntatr  exile. 
-^Tasso,  Jerusaiem  Delhfered  (1575). 

%*  Pulci  introduces  the  same  chAiacter 
m  his  bemesone  poem  entitled  Morganti 
MaggiorS,  which  holds  up  tb  tidieule  the 
tomances  of  chivalry. 

Rinaldo,  steward  to  the  countess  of 
Rousillon.— Shakespeare,  AlVe  Well  that 
Endt  (VffM(1698). 

Rinaldo  of  Kontalbaii,  a  knidlit 
who  had  the  "honour"  of  being  a  public 
plunderer.  H  is  great  exploit  Was  Stealing 
the  golden  idol  of  Mahoma. 

IB  Uiia  nme  Mirrmr  9f  Kntgklkood  we  aeeC  wHk 
BInaiao  d«  MontellMa  and  bii  eonptaieiii.  vUh  tlM 
twelve  peer*  of  Pnuioe.  end  Ttarpfn  ijke  hJMorlaa.  .  .  . 
RlMldo  had  ft  bNMd  iMe.  Md  a  iMfr  ol  base  raUinc  cjeS; 
bis  eomplexiMi  wae  ruddf .  and  hie  d^poeittaa  dwlarie. 
Re  waa,  beaUai^  naturally  profligate,  and  a  great  ca- 
wMw  of  vaanuiti.-«wfnti^  Am  ^utmtiB,  L  i  1.  S 

Rin^  (Oorcwfe),  composed  ol  six 
different  metals.  It  ensuied  the  wearer 
Success  in  any  undertaking  in  which  he 
chose  to  embark. 

"  While  xou  have  it  on  jnoar  Saver."  mM  tiie  oM  aMM. 
''mfaifortuoe  ihaO  fly  from  your  bowe.  and  ■ohw4y  aball 
be  able  to  hurt  you ;  but  one  eondltioa  batiftdied  «•  the 
fUt.  which  Is  thk :  when  you  have  cheeea  lur  yooralf  a 
#UiB.  you  nnut  remain  fiUthfUl  to  her  as  long  as  dM  Ovea. 
?^  ?**^!!*?^  ZP**  "<*****  **^ '»' *P^il^*  r^a  trfll  loae  Ike 
£!^ -V^-  §•  Cueuletta.  CAtaese  Tatm  ("Coraid  aiid  His 
«ourSoM,'*17«i). 

Ring  (Dame  LWnhfs),  tt  ring  given 
by  Dame  Liongs  to  sir  Gareth  dttug  a 
tournament. 


"  niat  rlnx."  «ld  Dame  Uonti. -lacsMaelh  » .„•», 
ttndiBiore  thaaltlsof  ifaeif;and  this  is  the  virtue  of  ttfy 
Hng:  that  arhieh  is  greaa  It  vBl  timi  la  nd.  and  tA 
wlilch  Is  red  It  win  tarn  greeu  t  Uiat  whkh  to  Mm  U  wfll 


turn  white,  and  that  which  is  while  it  wtU  tarn  blue;  and 
•0  with  aU  other  ootoara.  Abo.  whoever  hearath  wn  rli« 
can  nerer  lo^  Uood."— Or  T.  Maiflfy.  fffirna  r  niaei 

Ring  {Fairv),  Whoever  lives  in  a  house 
built  over  a  fairy-ring  shall  wonderfully 
prosper  in  everything. — Atkemem  OrocU^ 

Ring  (Lmned's),  This  ring  tendered 
the  wearer  invisible.     Laned  or  Lynet 

Eve  it  to  Owain,  one  of  king  Arthur's 
ights.  0)n8equeiftly,  when  men  wen 
sent  to  kill  him  he  was  nowhere  to  be 
found,  for  he  was  invisible. 

.  ^t^>!>1n«'*^l"Xit«*itlv^«S>r.«iaiUi««Hia 
inside  thy  hand;  and  tkm  thy  baud  iqion  Uie  ewaiei  aad 


mug  { ne  Statf)  lude  b^  Seidel-Bcckir. 
Thii  TiD(c  enabled  tbc  weanr  to  read  (hs 
atcnU  of  anoCfaet's  he*ri. — Onnte  dc 
Cavlus,  Oricjital  Tidn  ("Tha  Four 
TaiuDana,"  1743). 

Mmg  (TV  JWtinj),  a  risg  given  by 
Tartani,   •'^-    " <-— .—    ._  -    -<-< 


mbv  pat  it  on,  it  kept  incesaaiitly  Myine, 
"Tofl  then.  Bad  T  mtIi"  io,  to  gat  nd 
of  the  naiunea,  the  out  off  her  fin^  and 
Urn*  both  ling  and  flnrei'  into  a  poDd. 
— Bev.  W.  WelMter,  £chvm  ZmmJ^  4 
£1876), 

The  •ame  itoir  appean  in  Campbeira 
Pnpmlar  Taitt  ^  tha  WtH  JfigUaiub, 
i.  Ill,  and  in  Gnmm'i  Ule  ot  Tie  Robber 
a-d  Hi*  £bM.    When  th«  tebbcr  put  on 


bit  off  hiH  flngar,  and  threw 


■««imll[jjllj|«rj*yita! 


Bing  and  th«  Book  (7t<),  an 

idyllic  epic,  by  Robert  Bro en ine,  ^oondcd 
on  a  GOuM  oaStre  ot  Italian  Eistart  in 
16911.  Tlie  eaie  waa  tliia:  Guido  l^ran- 
ctuchini,  a  Florentine  connt  of  shattwed 
fartnnt,  married  Pompilia,  thinking  het 
to  be  an  heiregi.  When  the  young lirida 
diacoTered  she  had  been  nurried  for  her 
money  onl)-,  «he  toJd  her  hiuUnd  ahe 
wai  no  heircM  at  all,  but  wai  only  th« 
aoppoaititiona  child  ot  Pietro  (!  tgl.), 
■appttad  by  one  Violaota,  {or  the  sake  of 
beeping  in  hia  handa  certain  entailad  pro- 
perty. The  i-ount  now  trtated  PbmpllU 
■0  brutally  that  ahe  ran  away  from  honia, 
■nder  the  protection  of  Capouaecbi,  ■ 
young  priest,  and  being  arrerted  at  Rome, 
a  l«al  aeparation  look  plaee,  Ponpilia 
...^  *„.  .  j: .   1,0^  pending  Oie  anit, 


birth   t 


The 


murdered  P  ,  ^..._, 

but  being  taken  rcd-handwl,  wu  bmaghl 
to  trial,  f  onad  gidtty,  and  ajCMuted, 

Blng  the  Bells  Backwards  (7b), 

to  ring  a  muffled  pea),  to  tamant.  Thus, 
John  Cleveland,  wishing  to  abow  hia 
Abborrtoce  of  the  Scotch,  aaya; 


BingdoTB  iTtie  Saarthy).  The  re- 
Bponaes  of  the  oracle  of  Dod6na,  in  Epiroa, 
were  made  bv  old   vumen  called  "  pi' 

Soni,"  who  derived  their  anawera  from 
e  cooing  of  certain  doves,  the  bubblina 
of  a  spring,  the  nutling  of  (he  aacred  oak 
lor  bfech],  and  the  tinkling  of  a  gong  or 
bell  hung  in  the  tree.  The  women  were 
called  pigeons  by  a  play  on  tbe  word 
pelfa,  which  means  "old  women"  an  well 
aa  "piiteona;"  and  as  they  o««M  tiotn 
Libya  they  were  tirurtlij/. 

According  ta  fable,  Zens  gave  hU 
daughter  ThChS  two  Mack  dovM  en< 
duwed  with  tbe  gift  of  humta  (pe«di  | 


RINGHOBSE. 


RITALS. 


one  of  them  flew  into  Libya,  mnd  the 
other  into  Dodona.  The  fonner  gare 
the  responses  in  the  temple  of  Ammon, 
and  the  latter  in  the  oracle  of  Dodona. 

•  .  *  iMccb  or  UflMt 
Or  tiMt  TbcMnltea  grovth 
la  wkkh  the  ■wardyr  rtafdof*  Ml^ 
Aad  Bjidc  MBttooi  ipok*. 


filngliorse  (Sir  Rcbert),  a  magistrate 
at  Old  St.  Ronan's.— Sir  W.  Scott,  St. 
Jioman's  WeU  (time,  George  III.). 

Bingw^oody  a  jonng  Templar. — Sir 
W.  ScoE,  /brteMio/Ai^  (time,  Jamea 
I.). 

Blntherout  (Jenny),  a  servant  at 
Monkbams  to  Mr.  Jonathan  Oldback  the 
antiquary.— Sir  W.Scott,  The  Antiqmry 
(time,  Gieorge  III.)* 

Hiou  (Captam\  ealled  by  Nelson 
**l*he  Gallant  and  the  Good;"  fell  in 
the  batUe  of  the  Baltic. 

Brmv«h«Mrta!  to  Britaln't  prM* 

Om*  to  htthfol  mhI  id  Um. 
Ob  Um  deck  oT  Imua  tiMt  died. 

WIf  h  the  pHlknt.  sood  Rioa. 

Bip  van  Winkle  slept  twenty  years 
in  the  SLaatskill  Mountains  of  North 
America.    (See  Winklb.) 

EpimenTdds  the  Gnostic  slept  for  fifty- 
seren  years. 

Nourjahad,  wife  of  the  Mogul  emperor 
Geangir,  who  discovered  the  otto  of 
roses. 

G3meth  slept  500  yean,  by  the  enchant- 
ment of  Merlin. 

The  seven  sleepers  slept  lor  250  yenrs 
in  mount  Olion. 

St  David  slept  for  seven  yean.  (See 
Ormandixb.) 

(The  following  are  not  dead,  but  only 
sleep  till  the  fiuness  of  their  respective 
times : — Elijah,  Endymion,  Merlin,  king 
Arthur,  (^arlema^e,  Frederick  Barba- 
rossa  and  his  knigbti,  the  three  Tells, 
Desmond  of  Kilmallock,  Thomas  of 
Erceldoune,  Bobadil  el  (^ico,  Brian 
Boroimhe,  Rnez  I^zan  king  Sebastian 
of  Portugal,  Olaf  Tr>'ggva«on,  the 
French  slam  in  the  Sicilian  Yefpera,  and 
one  or  two  others.) 

Biqnet  with  the  Tuft,  the  beau- 
ideal  of  ugliness,  but  with  the  power  of 
bestowing  wit  and  intelligence  on  the 
person  he  loved  best.  Riquet  fell  in  love 
with  a  most  beautiful  woman,  as  stupid 
as  he  was  ugly,  but  possessing  the  power 
of  giving  beauty  to  the  person  ^c  loved 


best.  ThetwomJUTied,i(HiereaponRimwi 

Eive  his  bride  wit,  and  she  bestoweo  oa 
m  beauty.  This,  of  course,  is  an  alle^ 
gory.  Love  sees  through  a  comleur  de 
rose. — Qiarles  Pterranlt,  Contrs  det  F6e» 
(**  Biquet  k  la  Honppe,**  1697). 

*«*  This  tale  is  borrowed  from  the 
NiahtM  of  Straparola.  It  is  imitated  1^ 
Mde.  Yilleneave  in  her  Becmtg  and  tht 
Beast, 

l^\m\T\^tL'n%  {Bertram),  the  vassal 
of  Philip  of  Mortham.  Oswald  Wydiffe 
induced  him  to  shoot  his  lord  at  Marstoa 
Moor ;  and  for  this  deed  the  vassal  de- 
manded all  the  gold  and  movables  of  bis 
late  master.  Oswald,  being  a  villain, 
tried  to  outwit  Bertiam,  and  even  te 
murder  him ;  but  it  turned  out  that  Philip 
of  Mortham  was  not  killed,  ndther  waa 
Oswald  WyclifFe  his  heir,  for  Redmond 
O'Neale  (Rokeby^s  page^  was  found  to 
be  the  son  and  heir  of  Philip  of  Morthanu 
—Sir  W.  Scott,  Bokeby  (1812). 

Bitho  or  Hythoiii  a  giant  who  had 
made  himself  furs  of  the  beards  of  kings 
killed  by  him.  He  sent  to  king  Artbvr 
to  meet  him  on  mount  Aravins,  or  else 
to  send  his  beard  to  him  without  delay. 
Artiiar  met  him,  slew  him,  and  took 
'*fnr**  as  a  spoil.  Drayton  says  it  waa 
this  Rython  who  carried  ofP  Hel&ia  the 
niece  of  duke  Hoel;  but  Geoffrey  of 
Monmouth  says  that  king  Arthur,  having 
killed  the  Spanish  giant,  told  his  armv 
**  he  had  found  none  so  great  in  strength 
$ince  he  killed  the  giant  Ritho ;  **  oy 
which  it  seems  that  the  Spanish  giant 
and  Ritho  are  different  persons,  although 
it  must  be  confessed  the  scope  of  the 
chronicle  seems  to  favour  their  identity. 
—(Geoffrey,  Britiah  History,  x.  3  (1142). 

AfhovgraBtRvthoa'aaelf  lM(ilf«U(rlric«  .  .  . 
Who  imttakMl  HowriTt  nleoi^  ^MBC  UdMM  Um  Mr. 
DrartoB.  Ptp^Man,  Ir.  (mat. 

Rlteonisin,  malignant  and  insolent 

criticism.    So  called  m>m  Joseph  Ritson 

(1752-1808). 

Bitaon't  Mwrtlon  raart  berapuiM  m  ttidj  an  wuilt 
of  tbAtpecuUMrtpedaorimtUpMiitaiid  MCal  ImmImim 
In  criticism,  willed  ouglat  tnuk  bin  to  be  daaoarffeMOod 
**  Bltaonkni.'*— R.  SouUmj. 

Bival  Qaeens  (The),  Sati'ra  and 
Roza'na.  Statfra  was  the  daughter  of 
Darius,  and  wife  of  Alexander  the  Great. 
Roxana  was  the  daughter  of  Oxyart^ 
the  Bactrian  ;  her,  also,  Alexander  mar- 
ried. Roxana  stabbed  Statira  and  killed 
her. — N.  Lee,  Alexander  the  Great  or  Th$ 
Bival  Queene  (1678). 

BiTftls  (The),  a  comedy  by  Sheridan 
(1775).    The  rivals  are  Bob  Acrea  and 


RIYBR  OP  JUYENBSCBNCE.        6S8 


ROB  ROT  MCGREGOR. 


ensigii  Bererlej  (alia*  captein  Absolute), 
and  Lydia  LanipiiBh  is  the  lady  thej 
contend  for.  U^  Acres  tells  captain 
Absolute  that  ensign  Beverley  is  a 
booby;  and  if  he  coold  find  him  out, 
he*d  teach  him  his  place.  He  sends  a 
challenge  to  the  unknown  by  sir  Lucius 
0*Tng(^,  but  objects  to  forty  yards, 
and  thinks  thirty-eight  would  suffice. 
When  he  finds  that  ensi^  Beverley  is 
captain  Absolute,  he  declines  to  quarrel 
with  his  friend;  and  when  his  second 
calls  him  a  coward,  he  fires  up  and 
exclaims, '* Coward!  Mind,  gentlemen, 
be  calls  me  *  a  coward,*  coward  by  my 
Talour !  **  and  when  daied  by  sir  Lucius, 
be  replies,  "I  don't  mind  the  word 
*  coward  ; '  *  coward  *  may  be  said  in  a 
joke ;  but  if  he  called  me  *  poltroon,'  ods 

daggers   and    balls "     "Well,    sir, 

what  then?**  "Why,"  rejoined  Bob 
Acres,  "I  should  certainly  think  him 
▼eiy  ill-bred.**  Of  course,  he'  rwlgiia  all 
claim  to  the  lady*s  hand, 

fiiver  of  Juvenesoenoa.  Prester 
John,  in  his  letter  to  Manuel  Comnenus 
emperor  of  Constantinople,  says  there  is 
a  spring  at  the  foot  of  mount  Olympus 
which  changes  its  flavour  hour  by  hour, 
both  night  and  day.  Whoever  tastes 
tbrice  of  its  waters  will  never  know 
fatigue  or  the  infirmities  of  age. 

Shrer  of  Paradise,  St  Beraard 
abbot  of  CUurrauz  (1091-U58). 

Biyer  of  Swana,  the  Poto'mae, 
United  States,  America. 

Bivera  (T^e  king  of)j  the  Tagus. 


\  tb«r  woMrf.  when,  mMland  oq  Us  wif, 
lh«  Uag  of  flT«n  roUibte  itatalj  iCrcMni. 
iMrthfljr.  Madmriek,  tk»  Lmat  ^th»  «tk*,  mL  0814). 

BiTer8»  Arise.  ...  In  this  Vaoa- 

Horn  Exercise,  Geor^  Rivers  (son  of  sir 

John  Rivers  of  Westerham,   in  Kent), 

with  nine  other  freshmen,  took  the  part 

of  the  ten  "  Predicaments,**  while  Milton 

himself  performed  the  part  of  "Ens.** 

Without  doubt,  the  pun  suggested  the 

idea  in  Milton's  Vacation  Extrci—{  1627) : 

Btvcf^ariM:  viMtbtr  Umm  b»  tb*  wo 

Of  mumia^  Tweed,  or  Uute.  or  miiphjr  Don, 

Or  Ttaal.  who.  like  mum  evUiborn  (imit  Vtwii 

■li  tbirtjr  mmic  alone  Uie  indMitod  meotU, 

Or  adleii  Mole  that  nraneth  undameath. 

Or  Sonra  ewlfl.  unlltir  of  miMcii'i  deadi. 

Or  f«wkjr  Atob,  or  of  eedgy  Lee, 

Or  toakj  Tjvm,  or  andetit  hallowed  Deo, 

Or  Mnaeber  kmd  that  koe^  the  ScjrUilaa'e  mmm^ 

Or  Madway  mMoth.  or  r^ral  towered  Ttaama. 

Btvulet  Controversy  {The)  arose 
against  Rev.  T.  T.  LyneU«a  Congregation- 
alist  who  in  1863  bad  expressed  neologian 
views  in  The  Bivulet,  a  book  of  poems. 


Boad  ( The  Law  of  tie),  in  England 
is  ''drive  to  the  left,'*  the  opposite  of  the 
American  rule.  Hence  the  finglish  epi- 
gram: 

The  law  of  tho  road  ka  parados  qallt^ 

Id  riding  or  driring  along : 
If  jrougo  lo  tho  left,  you  are  mre  to  fo  right; 

If  70a  go  to  tho  fii^t  jroa  go  wronjc 

Boad  to  Bnin,  a  comedy  by  Thomas 
Holcroft  {1792).  Harry  Domton  and 
his  friend  Jack  Milford  are  on  '*  the  road 
to  ruin "  by  their  extravagance.  The 
former  brings  his  father  to  the  eve  of 
bankruptcy  ;  and  the  latter,  having  spent 
his  private  fortune,  is  cast  into  prison  for 
debt.  Sulky,  a  partner  in  tne  bank, 
comes  forwara  to  save  Mr.  Domton  from 
ruin ;  Harry  advances  £6000  to  pay  his 
friend*s  debts,  and  Uius  saves  Milford 
from  ruin;  and  the  father  restores  the 
money  advanced  by  Widow  Warren  to 
his  son,  to  save  Harry  from  the  ruin  of 
marrying  a  designing  widow  instead  of 
Sophia  Freelove,  ner  innocent  and  charm- 
ing daughter. 

Boads  (2^  king  of),  John  Loudon 
Macadam,  the  improver  of  roads  (1756- 
1836). 

*«*  Of  conrse,  tbe  wit  consists  in  the 
pun  (Hhodes  and  Soacb), 

Boan  Barbary,  the  ehaiger  of 
Richard  II.,  which  would  eat  from  his 
master's  hand. 


Oh  how  It  jreamod  aor  heart  vheo  r 
In  London  etreete  that  ouronatlon  day. 
Whan  Bollngbroke  rod«  on  Boan  Barbair  I 
That  hone  ttiat  tboa  ao  ofton  hatt  bertrid ; 
That  hone  that  I  m>  carerulljr  have  drewed  i 

Bhakaepeare,  Mtdkard  II.  act  ▼.  w.  S  Onfr\. 

Bob  Boy,  published  in  1818.  excel- 
lent for  its  bold  sketches  of  Highland 
scenery.  The  character  of  Bailie  Nicol 
Jarvie  is  one  of  Scott*s  happiest  concep- 
tions; and  the  carrj'ing  of  him  to  the 
wild  mountains  among  outlaws  and  des- 
peradoes is  ex()uisitel^  comic.  The  hero, 
Frank  Osbaldistone,  is  no  hero  at  aU. 
Dramatised  by  I.  Pocock. 

popular  than  Ko¥ 
;  lU-ei 

mftire,  IL  087. 

Bob  Boy  M'Oregor,  i.e,  **  Robert 
the  Red,**  whose  surname  vras  MacGregor. 
He  was  an  outlaw,  who  assumed  the 
name  of  Campbell  in  1662.  He  may- 
be termed  the  Robin  Hood  of  Scotland. 
The  hero  of  the  novel  is  Frank  Osbaldis- 
tone, who  i^ts  into  divers  troubles,  from 
which  he  is  rescued  by  Rob  Roy.  The 
last  service  is  to  kill  Rashleigh  O^sbaldis- 
tone,  whereby  Frank's  great  enemy  ia 

8  H 


None  of  SeoCt'e  novels  wae  more 
Mop.  vet,  aa  a  story.  It  Is  the  moat'  Ul-conooeied  and 
defective  of  the  whole 


BOB  T4LLT^BNX 


tOBKirr  OF  PARm. 


removed ;  And  Frftak  then  Bi4triM  Dbna 
YernoD.— Sir  W.  Scott,  i2o6  £0^  (tiiiM, 
Geoige  I.). 

lUtfaor  hmtmXb  Mm  niddle  rf»  tfau  abov*  11,  Ms 
UmbcwOTt  lomMd  apon  th*  Tcry  ■Uouawt  model  that 
Is  contttHeat  wHh  agUitir.  .  .  .  Two  polota  la  lita  pvmm 
Interferod  with  the  rukaof  iTmnietrT :  hh  •booliton  wwe 
too  broad  .  .  .  aad  bb  arum  (tboofb  rovad.  iiiM«7.  and 
itrong)  wen  to  vwj  kwg  aa  to  be  ntbar  a  dtfomltir. 
>€b.  zxlU. 

Hob  Tally-ho,  Esq.,  cousin  of  the 
lion.  Tom  Dash«U,  the  two  blades  whoee 
rambles  and  adventures  throng  the 
metropolia  aie  related  bj  Pierce  Egaa 
(1821-2). 

Ito1>  tiM  KMnlrl  tTT,  the  comttde  ec 
Willie  Steensoii  the  bfind  fiddler.— 6k 
W.  BeoMi  RtSgiXHUUlH  \\kitkhi  QMtge 
III.). 

Bobb  (DiMctm),  <ike  grocer  near 
Ellan^owan.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Or«y  Matmer' 
mg  (tune,  (jieorge  II.). 

Bobber  {Ahxander^tl),  The  ^Avte 
who  toM  Alexander  he  waft  ttie  greater 
robber  of  the  two,  was  Dionfd^.  (See 
Evenings  at  Hotn^  iitit.  **  Alexander 
and  the  Robber.")  The  tale  is  froM 
Cicero: 


Ma« 


90, 


:  eodMi,  biqui^ 
,  ML  14  MB.  tt. 


Wi^eret  Infeitinii  aao 
quo  tu  orban  tarni.— A«  M^i 

RM9r{Edwtardtk8).  Sdward  IT.  Irat 
*e  called  by  the  Scotch. 

Bobert,  father  of  MariAtt.  He  "hiA 
been  %  Wrecker,  and  still  hankered  after 
the  old  occupation.  One  night,  a  storm 
arose,  and  Robert  went  to  the  coast  to  see 
what  would  fall  into  his  hands.  A  bodj 
was  washed  ashore,  and  he  rifled  it. 
klarian  followed,  with  ^e  hope  of  re^ 
straining  her  father,  and  saw  in  the  dnsk 
some  one  strike  a  dag^r  into  a  prostrate 
body.  She  thought  it  was  her  fiUherv 
and  when  Robert  was  on  his  trial,  he  was 
condemned  to  death  on  his  daughter's 
evidence.  Black  Norris,  the  real  mur- 
derer, told  her  he  would  save  her  father 
if  she  would  consent  to  be  his  wife ;  she 
consented,  and  Robert  was  acquitted. 
On  the  weddinj^  day,  her  lover  Edward 
returned  to  claim  her  hand,  Norris  was 
Seized  as  a  murderer,  and  Marian  was 
saved.— 4w  Knowles,  Tht  Jktnghtdlr 
(1836). 

Jtcbert^  a  servant  of  sir  Arthur  War- 
dour  at  Knockwinnock  Castle. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  The  Antiquary  (time,  George  III.). 

Bobert  (i/ofU.),  a  neighbonr  of  Snina- 
nlle.  Hearing  the  screams  of  Mde. 
Uartine  (SgaoareUe*s  wife),  he  steps  over 


te  nhke  {Mioe  betweefi  them,  whereupMi 
madame  calls  him  an  impertinect  fbd, 
and  says,  if  she  chooses  to  be  beaten  by 
her  husband,  it  is  no  affair  of  his ;  and 
Sganarelle  says,  **  Je  la  veux  battre,  si 
je  le  venx ;  et  ne  la  veux  pas  battre,  si 
]e  ne  le  veux  paa ;  **  and  beate  M.  Robert 
again. — ^Moli^  Le  M6ieoim  Malgr^  IM 
(1666). 

Bobert  Xa<Mdre»  a  blaif,  free- 
living  libertine.  His  accomplice  is 
Bertrand  a  simpleton  and  a  Tillain. — 
Daumier,  VAwtcrge  det  Adrets, 

Bobert  Btreet^  Adelphi, 
So    called    from    RobetC 
Imilder. 


^AH^wr^   tin 


Bobert  duke  of  Albany,  broOier 
xyf  Robert  IlL  of  Scothutd.— Sir  W. 
Scott,  JMr  Maid  of  fVrU  (tftne,  Hcnijr 


Bobert    duke  «f   If otttuundy 

sold  hU  dominioes  «o  Sfefkis  Bor  10,eM 
marks,  to  furnish  him  with  ready  money 
lor  'he  eHisade.  which  he  joinra  at  the 
head  of  1000  heavy-armed  horse  and 
1000  light-armed  Normana.— Tisso,  7sni- 
•alem  Delivered  (1575). 

Bobert  HL  of  Scottand,  introdMed 
b>;  sir  W.  Scott  in  the/inr  Jfoitf  •/  ferik 
(time,  Heni|r  iy.)« 

Bobert  le  DiaUe^  mm  of  B«Qia 
and  Bertramo.  Bertha  was  Ifae  daughter 
of  Robert  duke  of  Normandy,  and 
Bertramo  w«s  a  Hend  in  the  guise  of  » 
knight.  The  opera  shows  the  stttigglh 
in  Robert  between  the  virtue  inhented 
from  his  mother  and  the  vice  inherited 
from  his  father.  His  father  allares  Mhi 
to  gamble  till  he  loses  evenrthing,  and 
then  claims  his  soul,  bnt  his  foslelr-eiftter 
Alice  eonnterploto  tiie  flend,  and  reacn^ 
Robert  by  reading  to  him  hk  mother^ 
will.— Meyerbeer,  Roberto  il  Dittem 
(Ubretto  by  Scribe,  1881). 

*^*  Robert  le  Diable  was  the  lieM  xA 
an  old  French  metrical  tiMnance  (thir* 
teenth  century).  This  romance  in  tive 
next  centory  was  thrown  into  |m>8e. 
There  is  a  miracle-play  on  the  same 
subject. 

Bobert  of  Paris  (Cbiaif),  one  of  the 
crusading  princes.  Tht  chief  hero  of 
this  novel  is  Hereward  (8  jy/.),  one  of  the 
Varangian  guard  of  the  emp&ror  Alexioa 
Comnenus.  He  and  the  count  fight  a 
single  combat  witii  battle-Axes;  i^ter 
Which  Hereward  enlisto  under  the  eountS 
banner,  and  marriei  Bertha  alio  called 


BOBStr  mSB  DEVIL. 


BC^Uf  HOOH. 


AipOte.— Sir  W.  dcott,  Onti^  ieo60r<  of 
J'iiHs  (time,  Rufus). 

Bobert  the  Devil  or  Bobert  the 
Magnificent,  Robert  I.  dake  of 
Normandy,  father  of  William  *<the 
Conqueror'*  (*,  1028-1085). 

Robert  Fhm^is  Damiens,  who  tried  to 
assassiiiate  Loais  XV.,  was  popolarlj  00 
oaUed  (♦,  1714-1767). 

Boberts,  cash-keeper  of  Master 
Geom  Heriot  the  king's  goldsmith. — Sir 
W.  ik^tt,  Forttmes  of  Nigel  (time,  James 
I,). 

Robert*  {Jokn\  a  smuggler.— dir  W. 
8cott»  BodgmmUet  (time,  Qeoige  111.). 

Hobeapierre'fl  Weavers,  the 
fish-fags  and  their  rabble  female  fol- 
lowers of  the  very  lowest  class,  jparti- 
nns  of  Robespierre  in  the  first  Irench 
Bevotntioik. 

Bobin,  the  page  of  sir   John   Fal- 
ctMff.— Shakespeare,    Mttry     Wkei    of 
WMsot  (liCM). 

BobiHy   servant  of  dptaln  Hovewell, 
whom  he  helps  in  his  love  adventure  with 
Arethusa    daughter  bf  Azgus. — Carey, 
Comtrwamccs  (1715). 

Bdbim,  brother-in-law  of  Farmer  Crop, 
of  ComwalL  Having  lost  his  property 
tliiongh  the  villainy  ot  lawyer  Endless^he 
emigntcs,  and  in  three  years  retains.  The 
■hip  is  wrecked  off  the  coast  of  Corn- 
wall, and  Robin  saves  Frederick  the 
young  squire.  On  landing,  he  meets  his 
old  sweetheart  Maijgaretta  at  Crop's  house, 
and  the  acquaintance  is  renewed  by 
mutual  consent. — P.  Uoare,  Ifo  Song  no 
Supper  (1790). 

i2o6tfi,  a  yowig  gsrdeneiv  fond  of  the 

■nnor  theatres,  wMe  he  has  picked  up 

a  taste  for  sentimental  fastian^  but  all 

his   rhapsodies   bear    upon    his    trade. 

Thus,  when   Wilelmina    asks   why    he 

wisbas  to  dance  with  her,  he  replies  s 

Aiktt*  plmlsvliv  tter  !«•«  »  dMwtrj  Mk  Itot  ma. 
Sewer  wlqr  It  Iotm  toe  mia;  Mk  tha  mtminp  wbr  It  it 
vhlte:  Mk  lb*  tlolet  why  It  b  Mue;  Mk  the  trete 
»ky  Hwy  Moaaai;  the cablwuM  why  tirty  mm.  Tlttfl 
iiiFMMi  tkaycMit  help  it;  no  more  «a  I  Mp  tm  kMM 
for  you.— a  IMbdlii.  The  WaUrmmn,  L  (1774). 

Sobin  (Old),  butler  to  old  Mr.  Malph 
Morton  of  Milnwood.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Old 
Mortality  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Bobin  Blnestring.  Sir  Robert 
Walpole  was  so  called,  in  allusion  to  his 
blue  ribbon  as  ft  knight  of  the  Garter 
(1676-1745). 

Bobin  <3tT9^  (Amid).    The  words  of 


this  soBg  are  by  lady  Anae  Uadsay, 

daughter  of  the  earl  of  Balcarres;  she 
was  afterwards  lady  Barnard.  The  song 
was  written  in  1772  to  an  old  Scotch  tune 
called  The  Bridegroom  Qrat  when  tke  Sun 
gaed  Doum.    (See  Gbat,  p.  403.) 

Bobin  Hood  was  bom  at  Locksley, 
in  Notts.,  in  the  reign  of  Henry  II.  (1160). 
His  real  name  was  Fitzooth,  and  it  is 
commonly  said  that  he  was  the  earl  of 
H  untin^don.  Having  outrun  his  fortune, 
and  bemg  outlawed,  lie  lived  as  a  free- 
booter in  Bamsdale  (Yorkshire),  Sher- 
wood (Notts.),  and  Plompton  Paik  (Cum- 
berland). His  chief  companions  were 
Little  John  (whose  name  was  Nailor)^ 
William  Scadlock  (or  Scarlet) ^  George 
Green  the  pinder  (or  pound-keeper)  of 
Wakefield,  Much  a  miller*s  son,  and 
Tuck  a  friar,  with  one  female  named 
Marian.  His  company  at  one  time  con- 
sisted of  a  hundred  archers.  He  was 
bled  to  death  in  his  old  age  by  a  relative, 
the  prioress  df  Kirkley*s  Nunnery,  in 
Yorkshire,  November  18,  1247,  aged  87 
years. 

*«*  An  excellent  sketch  of  Robtn 
Hood  is  given  b^  Drayton  in  his  Poly^ 
olbkn^  xxvi.  ^ir  W.  *  Scott  introduces 
him  in  two  novels — Ivanhoe  and  I%e 
Taliaman,  In  the  former  he  first  appears 
as  Locksley  the  archer,  at  ^e  tourna- 
ment. He  is  also  called  *'  Dickon  Bend- 
tiie-Bow.** 

The  following  dramatic  pieces  have  the 
famous  outlaw  for  tiie  hero : — Bobin 
Hoody  i.  (1597),  Munday;  Bobin  Hood, 
ii.  (1698),  Chettle;  Bobin  Hood  (1741), 
an  opera,  by  Dr.  Ame  and  Bumey; 
Bobin  Hood  (1787),  ah  opera,  bv  0*Keefe, 
music  by  Shield ;  Bcbin  Hoodf  by  Mac- 
nally  (before  1820). 

Major  tells  us  tiiat  this  famous  robber 
took  away  tilie  goods  of  rich  men  only ; 
never  killed  any  person  except  in  self- 
defence;  never  plundered  the  poor,  but 
charitably  fed  them ;  and  adds,  "  he  was 
tiie  most  humane  and  the  prince  of  all 
robbers.**— Pn'tonnto  Historia,  128  (1740). 

The  abbot  of  St.  Mary^s,  in  Yonc,  and 
the  sheriif  of  Nottingham  were  his  betes 
noires.  Munday  and  Chettle  wrote  a 
popular  play  in  1601,  entitled  The  Death 
of  Bobert  Earl  of  Hnntinfjtcn, 

Ej^titaph  of  Bobin  Hood, 

Hew  atidaiiCAd  db  laltl  eteaa 
Luis  robert  cftri  of  Haotliiftan. 
If  ear  ardr  rer  «z  hie  «  grad. 
An  plpl  kauld  Uu  robiu  bmaL 
Wkk  atlAWB  u  hi  Ml  Is  mMl 
VBaoslaBd  ntvr  ■!  apM. 
Ofaitt  S4  ()  14)  kal  driwmbris.  ISCT. 

l)r.akle(d0ui«rT«fe)L 


ROBIN  REDBREAST. 


ROB8ABT. 


•V«fT  M 


eoe  of  tl 


Bobm  Boodts  Fat  Friar  wm§  friar 
Tack. 

Robm  HoodP$  Men,  ootUws,  free- 
booters. 

Tb«rt  CHM  MdAlnlr  tw«lT«  wtmt  all 
MC«orK«ntUhKM4al|^rB#iil  .  . 
.  .  .  like  oatkm  or  Bobjm  Hote  i 

1.  Bobin  Rood  m  Bamsdale  Stood,  said 
to  a  person  who  is  not  speaking  to  the 
point.  This  is  the  only  line  extant  of  a 
sone  of  great  antiquity,  and  a  fayourite 
in  tae  law-courts. 


(/•.  ItLH 


iltwtNplla 
akiqiM  iMie  H  itH. 


A  CM*  In  Tdwtoo  was  alladed  to.  tat  tha 

"You  mar  m  wall  mj  hf  war  of  IndweMMit  to  a 
'KoMa  Hood  ta  Banwood  alood."*— A««4  ▼. 


itilr 


THml$,m.mL 

S.  ComSf  turn  aboutf  Rcbin  Hood,  a  chal- 
lenge in  defiance  of  exceeding  pluck. 

O  Lore,  wkow  povar  and  mlglit 

Mo  craatura  era  wirtwtood. 
IbcMi  foiCMi  me  to  writa. 

1  abooc.  Bobta  Hood. 


8.  Many  talk  ofSobin  ffoodthat  never  that 
m  Am  hotCy  many  piate  of  things  of 
which  they  have  no  practical  knowledge. 

Heraia  oar  aalbor  hatb  fwified  the  proverb,  "Talking 
at  large  of  Rubin  Hood.  In  wboee  bow  he  never  ahok"— 
Valler.  WvrthUt.  SU  (ISOS). 

MoUl  Parian  di  Orlando 
Obi  non  vtddero  uai  Buo  brando. 

ttmtimm. 


4.  IbsellBobinffood'sPenntptjorthSt  told 
much  under  the  intrinsic  ralue.  As 
Robin  Hood  stole  his  goods,  he  sold  them 
at  almost  any  price.  It  is  said  that 
chapmen  bought  his  wares  most  eagerly. 

AD  man  «ld  It  beaame  BM  wel. 

Awl  Bobin  Hood'a  penanrarthe  I  did  eelL 

Bandal-a-Baraabf. 

Hobin  Redbreast.  One  tradition 
is  that  the  robin  pecked  a  thorn  out  of 
the  crown  of  thorns  when  Christ  was  on 
His  way  to  Calvary,  and  the  blood  which 
issued  from  the  wound,  falling  on  the 
bird,  dyed  its  breast  red. 

Another  tradition  is  that  it  carries  in 
its  bill  dew  to  those  shut  up  in  the 
burning  lake,  and  its  breast  is  red  from 
being  scorched  by  the  fire  of  Gehenna. 

Ha  brin^  eotri  dew  In  his  lUtle  bUI. 

And  leu  it  lall  on  the  eoui*  of  rin ; 
You  can  >«e  the  mark  on  his  red  breast  stfll, 

Ot  Arss  that  soorch  as  be  drops  it  In. 

J.  O.  Whlttler.  ru  JtoUtt. 

Hobin  Bedbreasts,  Bow  Street 
officers.    So  called  from  their  red  vests. 

Bobin  Booghheady  a  poor  cottager 
and  farm  labourer,  the  son  of  lord  Lack- 
wiU    On  the  death  of  his  lordship,  Robin 


Roogfabead  comet  into  tiie  tifle  and 
estates.  This  brings  out  the  best 
qualities  of  his  heart — liberality,  bene- 
volence, and  honesty.  He  marries  Dolly, 
to  whom  he  was  already  engaged,  and 
becomes  the  good  genius  of  the  peasantry 
on  his  estate. — Allingham,  Fortunes 
Frolic 

Bobin  and  Malmae  (2  <y/*)«  «& 
old  Scotch  pastoral.  Robin  is  a  shep- 
herd, for  whom  Makyne  sigfaa,  bat  he 
turoa  a  deaf  ear  to  her,  and  the  goes 
home  to  weep.  In  time,  Robin  sigfaa  for 
Makyne,  but  she  replies,  "  He  who  wills 
not  when  he  may,  inien  he  wills  he  shall 
have  nay." — Percy,  BeUques,  etc,  II. 

Bobin  of  Ba^e^ot*  alias  Gordon, 
alias  Bluff  Bob,  alias  Carbuncle,  tdias  Bob 
Booty,  one  of  Hacheath's  gang  of  thieves, 
and  a  favourite  of  Mrs.  Peachum*a. — 
Gay,  The  Beggar's  Opera  (1727). 

Bobins  {ZerMabel)iin  Cromwell'a 
tooop.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Woodstook  (time, 
Commoowealth). 

Bobinson.  Before  you  can  say.  Jack 
Bobinson,  a  quotation  from  one  of  Hud* 
son's  songs,  a  tobacconist  that  lived  at 
98,  Shoe  Lane,  in  the  eariy  part  of  the 
present  century. 

*«*  Probably  Hudtoo  only  adopted 
the  phrase. 

Bobinson  Cru'soe  (2  syL),  a  tale 
by  Daniel  Defoe.  Robinson  Crusoe  ran 
away  from  home,  and  went  to  sea. 
Being  wrecked,  he  led  for  many  vears  n 
solitary  existence  on  an  uninnabited 
island  of  the  tropics,  and  relieved  the 
weariness  of  life  by  numberless  eon- 
tri\'anoe8.  At  length  he  met  a  homaa 
being,  a  young  Indian,  whom  he  saved 
from  death  on  a  Friday.  He  called  him 
his  "man  Friday,*'  and  made  him  his 
companion  and  servant. 

Defoe  founded  this  stoiy  on  the  ad- 
ventures of  Alexander  Selkirk,  sailing- 
master  of  the  Cinque  Ports  Galley,  who 
was  left  by  captain  Stradlingon  the  desolate 
island  of  Juan  Fernandez  for  four  yean 
and  four  months  (1704-1709),  when  he 
was  rescued  by  captam  Woodes  Rogers 
and  brought  to  England. 

Bobsart  {Amy),  conntess  of  Lei- 
cester. She  was  betrothed  to  Edmund 
Tressilian.  When  the  earl  falls  into 
disgrace  at  court  for  marrying  Amy, 
Kichard  Yamey  loosens  a  toap-door  at 
Cumnor  Place ;  and  Amy,  rnsning  for- 


Roa 


887 


ROD£RICK. 


wBfd  to  greet  bcr  hnsbMid,  falls  into  the 
abrss  and  is  killed. 

Sir  Hmgh  RdlmurLol  lidcote  Hall, 
father  of  Amy.— Sir  W.  Seott,  JTem/uwrM 
(time,  Elisabeth). 

HoOy  a  white  bird  of  enonnoiis  size. 
Its  strength  is  snch  that  it  will  lift  op 
an  elephant  from  the  ground  and  carry  it 
to  its  raonntain  nest,  where  it  will  devour 
it.  In  the  Arabian  NigKU  BnUriam- 
memttj  it  was  a  roc  which  carried 
Sindbad  the  sailor  from  the  island  on 
which  he  had  been  deserted  by  his 
companions  (**  Second  Voyage  **).  And  it 
was  a  IOC  which  carried  Agib  from  the 
castle  grounds  of  the  ten  youngmen  who 
had  lost  their  right  eyes  ("The  Third 
Calender's  Story  ^).  Sindbad  says  one 
claw  of  the  roc  is  as  "big  as  the  trunk 
of  a  large  tree,*"  and  its  egg  is  **fifty 
paces  [160  feetl  in  circuiBference." 

%♦  The  "  rukh  **  of  Madagascar  lays  an 
esK  equal  to  148  hen*s  eggs.— Ci;»ip<ef 
SStdus,  etc.,  zxxU.  101  (1851). 

BOOOO»  the  jailer  sent  with  Fidelio 
(Leonora)  to  dig  the  grave  of  Fernando 
Flnrestan  (g.i?.).  —  Beethoven,  Fkielio 
(1791). 

Booh'dale  {9ir  Simon),  of  the  maaor- 
house.  He  b  a  J.P.,  but  refuses  to  ^e 
JQstieeto  Job  Thomberry  the  old  brazier, 
who  demands  that  his  son  Frank  Roch- 
dale should  many  Mary  [ThornberryJ, 
whom  he  has  seduced.  At  this  crisis, 
Peregrine  appears,  and  tells  sir  Simon 
he  is  tiie  elder  brother,  and  as  such  is 
heir  to  the  title  and  estates. 

Drank  Rochdale,  son  of  the  baronet, 
who  has  promised  to  marry  Mary  Thorn-' 
berry,  but  sir  Simon  wants  him  to  marry 
lady  Oiroline  Braymore,  who  has  £4000 
a  year.  Lady  Oiroline  marries  the  Hon. 
Tom  Shuifleton,  and  Frank  makes  the 
best  reparation  he  can  by  marrying  Mary. 
— O.  (>>bnan,  junior,  John  Bull  (1805). 

Boohe'8  Bird  (Sir  Boyle),  which 
was  *'  in  two  places  at  the  same  time.** 
The  tale  is  that  sir  Boyle  Roche  said  in 
tiie  House  of  Commons,  "Mr.  Speaker, 
it  is  impossible  I  could  have  been  in  two 
places  at  once,  unless  I  were  a  bird.** 
This  is  a  quotation  from  Jevon's  play. 
The  Devil  of  a  Wife  (seventeenth  cen- 
tury). 

Wif*.  I  cMnol  b»  In  two 


a    famous 
cure   every 


Boehedliffe  {Dr,  Anthony),  formerly 
Joa^  Albany,  a  plotting  royalist — Sir 


W.    Scott,    Woodtiock  (time,  Common- 
wealth). 

Bocheeter  (The  ear*  of),  the 
favourite  of  Clbarles  II.,  introonoed  in 
high  feather  bv  sir  W.  Scott  in  Woodttockt 
and  in  Peveriiofthe  Peak  in  disgrace. 

Book  {Dr,  Bichard), 
ouack,  who  professed  to 
oisease.  He  was  short  of  stature  and 
fat,  wore  a  white  three-tailed  wig, 
nicely  combed  and  frizzed  upon  each 
cheek,  carried  a  cane,  and  halted  in  his 
gait. 

Dr.  Bock.  F.U.ir.,  imvw  won  a  haL  .  .  .  H«  mad  Dr. 
FVbmIu  wctv  At  viiriBiic6.  ...  Bock  ciitiomJ  tli#  vorid 
to  bewuw  of  bog-troitiBg  qmeks^  white  Fiaaka  calleS  hli 
rhml  "  DoapUir  DkA."  H«mI  of  Confndoa.  what  pnt^ 
utkm  !-«oUnUUi.  A  CMMtn^tS*  World  (17M). 

Oh :  vhaa  hli  n«nm  kod  oaoe  rtettmt  •  riiodi. 
Sir  I«ae  Mowtoo  might  hftvo  icone  to  Koek. 

Ctabbe.  Boron^  0810). 

Book  liisarda.  natives  of  Gibraltar, 
bom  in  the  town,  of  British  parents. 

Booket.  He  rote  like  a  rocket,  and 
fell  like  the  tiick.  Thomas  Paine  said 
this  of  Mr.  Burke. 

BoonabaiL  a  stream  near  the  city  of 

Schiraz,   noted   for    the  purity    of   its 

waters. 

"I  MB  dfafMttd  vltfa  tho  noontain  of  the  Poor  Toan* 
tBlna,"  «td  tho  raliph  Omar  ben  Abdal-aiis;  "and  am 
i«M»h«d  to  go  and  drink  of  tho  ftream  of  Kocwihad.''— 
W.  BMkfoid.  rathtHlTU). 

Bodeiiok,  the  thirty-fourth  and  last 
of  the  (yothic  kings  of  Spain,  son  of 
Theod'ofred  and  Rusilla.  Uavine  vio- 
lated Florinda,  daughter  of  count  Julian, 
he  was  driven  from  his  throne  by  the 
Moors,  Ktkd  assumed  the  garb  of  a  monk 
with  the  name  of  "father  Maccabee.** 
He  was  present  at  the  ereat  battle  of 
Covadonga,  in  which  the  Moors  were  cut 
to  pieces,  but  what  became  of  him  after- 
wards no  one  knows.  His  helm,  sword, 
and  cuirass  were  found,  so  was  his  steed. 
Sevoral  generations  passed  away,  when, 
in  a  hermitage  near  Viseu,  a  tomb  was 
discovered,  "  which  bore  in  ancient  cha- 
racters king  Roderick*s  name  ;  **  but  im- 
agination must  ftll  up  the  gap.  He  is 
spoken  of  as  most  popular. 

Time  has  been 
When  not  a  tongoe  within  the  Pyrenem 
Dared  whkper  hi  dfeprain  of  Roderick's  aamo. 
Lort,  if  the  comcioun  air  bad  caught  the  tound. 
The  vengeanee  of  the  lionest  multitoda 
Bhoold  fall  upon  the  traitoioas  head,  and  hnad 
.  For  Uto-long  lafMnjr  the  lying  Ilpe^ 

Boothejr,  Bodtridt,  eM,  vr.  QSU). 

Roderick's  Dog  was  called  Theron. 
Roderick's  Morse  was  Orel'io. 

Roderick  (The  Vision  of  don).  Roderidc. 
the  last  of  the  €rothic  kings  of  Spain 


RODERICK  DHU. 


RODMOtO). 


Tralfc 

Toledo.  This  vault  was  similar  to  that 
in  Greace,  caJUed  tha  cave  of  Trif^dnies, 
where  was  an  oracle.  In  the  vault 
Roderick  saw  a  vision  of  Spanish  history 
from  his  own  reign  to  the  bef^inningof 
the  nineteenth  century.  Period  I,  The 
invmsiaa  of  tha  Moors,  with  his  own 
defeat  and  death.  Period  II.  The  Aagna- 
tina  a^  of  Spain,  and  their  conquests  m 
tha  two  Indies.  Period  III.  The  opprea- 
sioB  of  Spain  by  Boaapartej^and  ita 
saocavr  1^  British  aid.-4}ir  W.  Seott, 
The  Visiom  of  Don  Roderick  (1811). 

Bodariok  Dhu,  an  otttlaw  and  chief 
•f  a  banditti,  which  reaolved  to  win  back 
the  spoil  of  the  "  Saxon  spoiler.**  Fit^ 
Jamas,  a  Saxon,  met  him  and  knew  him 
not.  He  asked  the  Saaton  why  he  was 
roaming  unguarded  over  the  mountains, 
and  Fita^James  replied  that  ha  had 
sworn  to  combat  with  Roderick,  tha 
rebel,  tiU  death  laid  one  of  them  pro- 
stcate.  "Have,  then,  thy  wish!**  ex- 
claimed the  stranger,  "fori  am  Roderick 
Dbu.*'  As  he  spoke,  the  whole  place 
bristled  wiMi  armed  men*  Pita  James 
stood  with  Ma  back  against  •  rock,  and 
cried,  "Come  one,  come  all,  this  rock 
shall  flv  are  I  budge  an  inch.**  Sic 
,  Roderick,  charmed  with  his  daring, 
'  waved  his  hand,  and  all  the  band  di8ai>- 
pearad  as  mysteriously  as  they  had  ap- 
paafed»  Sir  Roderick  the*  bade  the  Saxo» 
fight,  "  For,**  said  ha,  "that  party  wiU 
prove  vietorioos  which  first  shi^s  aa 
enemy.**  "Then,**  replied  FiU-Jamea» 
"  thv  caaae  is  hopeless,  for  Red  Murdodi 
is  slain  already.^*  liiey  fow^  bow* 
ever,  and  Roderiek  was  slaia  (cant*  v.)* 
-Sir  W.  Scot^  Th$  Lad»  of  Urn  liim 
(1810). 

Bodflriek  Baadofliy  a^chikft  of  i«i«> 
pvlaa,  and  »selOsh  libertine^  His  treat* 
DMBt  of  Strap  is  inCamoas  and  most 
heartless.  -«  SawUett,  Modmriok  Jbmdom 
(1748)w 

Bod'erigo  or  Boderi'go  (3  s^/.), 
a  Venetian  gentleman  in  love  with  Des- 
demona.  When  Desdemona  eloped  with 
Othello,  Roderigo  hated  tha  "iwble 
Moor)**  and  la'go  took  advaati^  of  this 
temper  for  his  own  base  ends. — Shake- 
speare, 00000(1611). 

Rodtrifo'i  Mwidoui  ereduBtr  and  hniNUlcot  nlmto- 
rion  to  Om  dmts  which  he  mm  praetlMd  on  him. 


which.  Iif  pmrntukm.  he  ■uflon  to  bt  nixfetod.  «xldUt 
ft  itroiif  Retort  of  a  wt»k  mliid  batniMd  to  oakvM 
^-^      to  a  hlw  MmiA— Dfc  Mbmmm. 

cut,    wduch 
ha  mistook 


Bodilmrdiia»  a    hoga 
Attacked  Vmmugit,  and 


yaotg  aofl  ihimwiit  dtviL**   The 


word  means  "gnaw-lazd**  (La^ 
lardwn), — Rabelaie,    Pemtagntei^   iv.  67 
(1M6). 


H«  Hiw  111  a  •••  pafartliic  dM 
eau :  M  RodillMikM  («<e]  bn«  fay  tfae 
rata.  piMt  In  booti,  Um 
cai,  Um  wrtUng  cat  tfaa  eaft 
ofraa 


ta  acoandlef 


(* 


(Bea 


%*  "The  mHqmdt 
FVaa  nr  Boovi.) 

by  ^  Moora.  YU  savednia  liie  by 
fiifi^  and  waodeted  to  Gaadalotd,  whesa 
he  higgf^A  food  of  a  shaphecd,  ai»d  gave 
him.  ia  recompense  his  royal  cbaia  and 
nn^.  A  hennit  bade  hio&,  in  ncoaDr^, 
retire  to  a  certain  tomb  fidl  of  anakea 
and  toads,  whape,  after  three  dai^a,  tha 
hermit  fionad  him  vnhnti ;  ao^  going  ta 
his  ceH,  ha  passed  the  night  m  Drsfct, 
Next  morning,  Rodrigo  cried  aloud  to  the 
hermit,  "They  eat  me  now;  I  faal  tha 
adder's  bite.**  So  his  sin  nas  atoned  fbc^ 
and  he  died. 

%*Thi8  RodBgo  »  BMhodk^  «*M^k«* 
eftheOothSk 

Rodrfffo,  rival  of  Pe'dh* "  the  pil^m,*' 
and  captain  of  a  band  of  ootlaws.— -Bean- 
moat  and  Flatchec,  TktPUgriim.  {IGil). 

Bodri'go  do  ICondtaffoa  (^^X 
a  bully  and  tyrant,  the  sel^constituted 
arbiter  of  all  dispatea  in  a  tennis  ceart  of 
YaUadolid. 


ofaaoMlli 
HUletidnkU 

aVMybutb  ha 
whUtan 


thai  nJM  hi 
at;  avaiylht 


BodhaveiL  the  sweetheart  of  ZaI  » 
Persian.  Zal  being  about  to  scale  hec 
bower,  she  let  down  her  long  treasti  te 
assist  him,  but  Zal  managed  to  fix  hia 
crook  into  a  projecting  beam,  and  thns 
made  his  way  to  uie  lady  of  his  devotion. 


Bodmond,  chief  mate  of  the  J7ri> 
tanniOt  son  of  a  Northumbrian  engaged 
in  the  coal  trade ;  a  hardy^  weather-beaten; 
seaman,  uneducsied,  "  boisteroua  of  ouui- 
ners,**  and  regardless  of  truth,  but  tender- 
hearted. He  was  drowned  when  the  diip 
struck  on  cape  Colonna,  the  most  southern, 
point  of  Attica. 


BqU  wltkeMtmaMom,  aii 


AniaM 


KODOODIIX. 


asfe 


HOBK 


BaV3kHWme,Hfaodogqne,or3Mio^« 

dbogyne  (8  i^/.),  (Uughter  of  Phraa'les 
kiiij^  of  Parthia.  She  married  Deme'triuA 
Vica'nor  (Ike  bnsband  of  Cleopat'ia  qoeen 
of  SJyoa)  while  in  captivity.  (See  p.  196.) 
***  P.  C^rneille  nas  a  traffedy  ob  th« 
Mii^ect»  eotiaed  Bodogune  (1646). 

Bodolfb  iTl  oonte).  U  it  in  the  bed- 
chamber of  this  count  that  Aoii'na  li 
discovered  ihe  night  before  her  espousal 
to  Elvi'no.  Ugly  suspicion  ia  excited^ 
but  the  coont  assures  the  young  fanner 
that  Amina  walks  in  her  sleep.  While 
they  are  talking,  Amina  is  seen  to  get 
out  ot  a  window  and  walk  along  a  nancow 
edge  of  the  nili-ioof  while  the  hage 
wheel  is  rapidly  revolving.  She  crosses 
A  cnsy  briage,  aad  walks  krto  the  very 
midst  of  the  spectalorSk  hi  a  f^  rainutea 
she  awakes,  and  fliee  to  the  ams  of  ker 
lover. — ^BaUini^   La  SmmamJbmla  (epeia, 

BodpmoiU;  ki«g  U  Ssm  or  Alters. 
Be  was  tllien's  son,  and  caUed  die  "  Alai;s 
of  Africa."  His  lady-love  was  Dor'alis 
of  Grana'da^  but  she  eloped  with 
idricardo  king  of  Tartary.  At 
ro's  wedding,  Kodomont  accused  him 
of  heing  %.  renu^ade  and  traitor,  where- 
upon t^ey  fou^t,  and  Kodomont  was 
alain. — Orlando  Innamorato  (1496);  and 
Orkmdo  /W^mmo  (1616). 

>     Who  m  Btakt    rm  ttn  I  qaaka  al  tb«  rmt  tkooiht  of 
fate;  wkgr.  W»  ap  §mmm  loiito— ti— Pijifw.  t^mnttk 

\*  Rodomontade  (i  sy/.),  from  Ro- 
domon^  a  bragging  although  a.  brave 
knig^ht. 

BoobI  of  Greaoe  (7%#  Eafho^  and* 
AdvaUitrm  o/),  part  of  the  series  caUed 
Xtf  Roman  dcs  Romans,  pertaining  to 
«<Am'adisofGaal.*^  This  ^  was  added 
by  Pelidano  de  Silva. 

Boosr,  the  oo<d^  who  *^eo«de  fostcy 
aetfae,  oroille,  and  tat,  make  moitreiix, 
and  wel  bake  a  pye." — C!haucer,  Oanttr^ 
divy  Mfi^  (1888). 

Bo^  {Br),  cerate  to  ^The  Scomfid 
I^y  **  (no  name  given). — Beaumont  ei^d 
Retcher,  The  Soomftd  Lady  (1616). 

Bog«r  BontejniNEK  the  perMuation 
of  conteolment  with  his  station  in  life, 
and  of  the  buoyancy  of  good  hope. 
•<  TlMve*s  a  good  time  coeUng,  John.*' 

Taw  paorrci^pMm  d'cBTtt; 
VMa  rich,  duhvuk ; 


Toiw4oiiile( 
Apcta  uo  conn  hftuMXt 
'  pfrdtas  pent-Mra^ 


noil  <|ii|  pf* 


maltra 
tempa 


mxwAi 

Legrot 


Tapoor,  wHh  anvj  ioa(M ; 

Ta  ri^,  for  Btora  who  long } 
Va  who  Imt  ftKtHDe  loadad 

Find  all  Uilnff» jnlng  vroag} 
Ta  who  \tf  mmam  dUutar 

8aa  an  yoar  cablat  braak  ( 
■lom  hancaforth  lor  jrour  ataslw 

Slaok  Baipr  BoalHaiiati^M. 

Boger   de    Coverlej    (6ftr),    an 

hypothetical  baronet  of  Coverley  or 
Cowley,  near  Oxford. — ^Addiaon,  The 
Spectator  (1711,  1712,  1714). 

*^  The  proto^'pe  of  thia.  famous 
character  was  sir  John  Piikington,  seventh 
baronet  of  the  line. 

BOffO'ro,  brother  ef  llerphi'sa; 
brought  up  by  Atlanta  a  magician. 
He  married  Brad'amant,  the  niece  of 
Gbarlemajin>^  Rogero  was  converted  to 
Christianity,  Mid  was  baptised.  His 
marriage  wi^  Brmdamantand  his  election 
to  the  crown  of  Bulgaria,  concludes  the 
poem. — Aiiosto,  Orimtdo  Furito  (1616). 

Who  man  teava  than  RodeaMWtt  who  aaneaartaoafl^ 
than  lUt$arot—Cmywat»»,  Don  qmixot*^  L  L  (1600). 

Rogtfroi  sen  of  Roberto  Goisoairde  the 
Norman*  Slain  by  Tisapheni^ — ^Taaso, 
JenuoUm  Delwered,  sex.  (167()« 

Roge'ro  (3  8yL),m  gentlemaa  of  Sicilia. 
— Sbake8{)eare,  7V^  Winter's  Tale  (1604). 

*«*  This  is  one  of  those  characters 
which  appear  in  the  dramatie  persona^ 
but  are  never  introduced  in  the  play. 
Rogero  not  only  does  not  utter  a  word,  ne 
does  not  even  enter  the  stage  all  throuf^h 
the  drama.  In  the  QlUAm  edition  lua 
name  is  omitted.    (See  Yiolemta.) 

Bogttt^  the  peeteval  name  of  Geoige 

Wither  in  the  fser  **  eglognes,"  called 

The    Shephearde^  BwUmg  (1616).      'Ihe 

first  and  last  "eglogues**  are  dfialegues 

between    Roget  and   Willy   has   yomg 

friend  ;  in  the  second  pastoral'  Ceddy  is 

introduced,  and  in  the  taivd  Alexis  makee 

\  a  fourth  character.    The  sulriect  of  the 

•  Ant  three  is  the  reason  of  Roget*s  im- 

prisomeent,  which,  he  says,  is  a  hunt  tiiat 

gave  ^reat  offence.   This  hunt  is  in  reali^ 

a  satire  called  Abuses  Siript  and  Whipi, 

.  The  fourth  pastoral  baa  for  its  subject 

Roget*s  love  of  poetry. 

%•  "  Willy  ^  is  bis  fWend  William 
Browne  of  the  Inner  Temple  (two  years 
his  iunior),  author  of  Brikmnia's  Fas- 
tonus, 

BohA»  the  eaapbor  tMe.  "  Ihe  juiee 
;  cd  the  eansphor  is  ma^ie  la  laa  o«t  from  t 
I  wound  at  the  top  of  the  tree,  and  beisg 


ROI  PANADE. 


SOLANDa 


received  in  •  ve««el,  is  •llowcd  to  harden 
in  the  snnr— Arabian  NigfUs  ("  SindUad's 
Second  Voyage"). 

Boi  Panade  ("  kimj  of  afajpt**),  Lonla 
XVIII.  (1766,  1814-1824). 

Boistor  Doister  (Ralph),  a  vain, 
thoaghtless,  blustering  fellow,  in  pnnuit 
of  Custance  a  rich  widow,  but  banled  in 
his  endeavour. — Nicholas  Udall,  Jialph 
Boister  Doiater  (the  first  English  comedy, 
1634). 

Hokesmith  (John),  aliaa  JoHir 
Harmon,  secretary  of  Mr.  lioffin.  lie 
lodged  with  the  Wilfers,  and  ultimately 
married  Bella  Wilfer.  John  Kokesmith 
is  described  as  "a  dark  gentleman,  80 
at  the  utmost,  with  an  expressive,  one 
might  say,  a  handsome  face." — Dickens, 
Ow  Muimi  Friend  (1864). 

*«*  For  solution  of  the  mysteiy,  see 
ToL  I.  ii.  18. 

Boland,  count  of  Mans  and  knight 
of  Blaives.  His  mother,  Bertha,  was 
Charlemagne*s  sister.  Roland  is  repre- 
sented as  brave,  devotedly  loval,  unsus- 
picious, and  somewhat  too  easily  imposed 
upon.  He  was  eight  feet  hi{^h,  and  had 
an  open  countenance.  In  Italian  romance 
he  M  called  Orlan'do.  He  was  slain  in 
the  valley  of  Honcesvallds  as  he  was 
leading  Uie  rear  of  his  uncle's  army  from 
Spain  to  France.  Charlemagne  himself 
had  reached  St.  Jean  Pied  de  Port  at  the 
time,  heard  the  blast  of  his  nephew's 
horn,  and  knew  it  announced  treachery, 
but  was  unable  to  render  him  assistance 
(A.D.  778). 

Roland  is  tiie  hero  of  Th^nlde's 
Chanmm  de  Roland:  of  Turpin*s  Chromque  ; 
of  Bojardo's  Orlando  Innamorato ;  of 
Ariosto*s  Orlando  Furioeo;  of  Piocini's 
opera  called  Roland  (1778) ;  etc 

Roland's  Horn,  Olivant  or  Olifant. 
It  was  won  from  the  giant  Jatmund.  and 
might  be  heard  at  the  distance  of  thirty 
miles.  Birds  feU  dead  at  its  blast,  and  the 
whole  Saracen  army  drew  back  in  terror 
when  they  heard  it.  So  loud  it  sounded, 
that  the  blast  reached  from  Roncesvalles 
to  St.  Jean  Pied  de  Port,  a  distance  of 
several  miles. 

Boteii4  MftaOIHlMittohlinMMfbaiidblotriUwhban 
hit  oUght  The  moantabu  around  ara  loflj.  but  hi^ 
abort  tb«m  tha  kuihI  of  Uie  bom  artoM  {at  (*•  thir* 
NaM.  it  ipUt  <M  tmmini—Sonf  qf  iUlamd  (as  nag  bgr 
TtJMmttr.  at  the  batUa  oT  Hartiii«>).  Sea  Wartoa,  Ato- 
torp«if  Av/te»  P99tnf,  1. 1.  asot.  UL  US  (1781). 

Rolands  Horse,  Veillanlif,  called  in 
Italian  Veglim'tmo  (««the  Uttle  vigUant 
one"). 


In  Italian  romance,  Orlando  has  anottier 
horse,  called  Brigliado'ro  (*'  goldcs 
bridle"). 

Roland's  SJMar,  Visitors  ate  shown  a 
spear  in  Uie  cathedral  of  Pa'via,  whk^ 
thev  are  told  belonged  to  Roland. 

Jioland's  Sword,  Duran'dal,  made  by 

the  fairies.    To  prevent  its  falling  into 

the  hands  of  the  enemy   when   Roland 

was  attacked  in  the  nJle^r  of  Bonces- 

vallds,  he  smote  a  rock  with  it,  and  it 

made  in  the  solid  rock  a  fissure  some 

800  feet  in  depth,  called  to  this  day  Let 

Breehe  de  RoUmd, 

Then  would  I  aedc  the  Pyrcnaaa 
Which  Rolani  dot*  wttfi  h«ii  t 
AwltallM 

*«*  A  swoid  is  shown  at  Rocamadoar, 
in  the  department  of  Lot  (France),  whidi 
visitors  are  assured  was  Roland's  Duranf 
dot.  But  the  romances  say  that  Roland, 
dying,  threw  his  sword  into  a  poisoned 
stream. 

Death  of  Roland.  There  is  a  tradition 
tiiat  Roland  escaped  the  general  slaughter 
in  the  defile  of  Koncesvallte,  and  died  of 
starvation  while  trying  to  make  his  way 
across  the  mountains.-— John  de  U  Bmiera 
(}hampier,  De  C^Hiria,  xvi.  6. 

Died  tike  Roland,  died  of  thint 

W onnidS  qui  de  Gallieh  rpbns  bblortai  < 


BOO  dubitanmt  notterlt  ilfnUieaM  RolandHii  GuoH  ill 
maani  wroiii  flillum,  flnioi  certe  baUtca  gloria  aw iqt 
forutudina  Bohiniarfranm.  port  Infeatem  Hli|«iMniai 
cMdem  paope  Pyreiual  HUtat  Joga,  nU  tanidiB  ab  iMafca 
colloeata  (berint,  ■iU  robenlBie  axthMtom.  hd 
latolerabUi  dtl  at  tanmlU  roleotfli  tlgnUlaMa  m  i 
iMeta  aiuot  "Eolandl  uorte  m  pertre.' 
Bniiere  Obanptar.  JH  Cthmrim,  XfL\ 


Roland  (7^  Roman),  Sicinius 
titus  is  so  called  br  Niebuhr.  He  is 
not  unfrequently  called  *'The  Boaaa 
AehUl^  "  (put  to  death  B.C  460). 

Boland  and  Oliver,  tiie  two 
most  famous  of  tilie  twelve  paladins  of 
Charlema^e.  To  give  a  "  Roland  for  an 
Oliver  **  is  to  give  tit  for  tat,  to  giro 
another  as  good  a  drobbiqg  as  yo« 
receive. 

Fntloart.  a  coontiTinan  of  oon  lA*  fV«Nd4 
tnglaad  all  OUven  and  Bowkndt  bred 


During  Uie  Uma  Edwairi  Um  Third  did  1 

Shekeipeare.  1  Jtenrg  r/.  aet  L  ml  S  (MH. 

Koland  de  Vaux  (Sir),  baron  of 
Triermain,  who  wakes  Gyn^  from  her 
long  sleep  of  600  years,  sad  marries  her. 
—Sir  W.  Soc^  Bridal  of  Triermam 
(1818). 

Rolfvndo  (Bgnor),  a  common  railer 
a^nst  women,  but  brave,  of  a  "  happj 
wit  and  independent  spirit.**  Rolando 
swore  to  marry  no  woman,  but  fell  in 
love  with   Zam'ora,   and   aiarried   hor. 


R0LAND8£(aL  TOW£R. 


Mi 


ROMA^  DBS  ROMANS. 


deelaiinip  "she  was  no  woman  bat  an 
anfCel.**  —  J.  Tobin,  The  ffoncj/moon 
(1804). 

The  resemblance  between  Rolando  and 
Benedick   will   instantly   occur  to   the 

Holandseck  Tower,  opposite  the 
I>Tachenfels.  Roland  was  engaged  to 
Aude,  daughter  of  sir  Gerard  and  ladj 
Gaibouig ;  but  the  lady,  being  told  that 
Koland  had  been  slain  by  Angonlaffre  the 
Saracen,  retired  to  a  convent.  The 
paladin  returned  home  full  of  glonr, 
naving  slain  the  Saracen,  and  when  he 
lieard  that  his  lady-love  -had  taken  the 
Yeil,  he  bniH  Rolandseck  Castle,  which 
overlooks  the  convent,  that  he  might  at 
least  9ee  the  lady  to  whom  he  conld  never 
be  united.  After  the  death  of  Ande, 
Roland  *' sought  the  battle-field  again, 
and  fell  at  RoncevaU.**— Campbell,  Tha 
Brave  JRotafuL 

Boldan^  "El  eoeantado,**  Roldan 
inade  invulnerable  by  enchantment.  The 
cleft  **  Roldan,**  in  Uie  summit  of  a  hi^ 
mountain  in  the  kingdom  of  Valencia, 
was  so  called  because  it  was  made  by  a 
single  back-stroke  of  Roldan*s  swcird. 
The  character  is  in  two  Spanish  romances, 
authors  unknown. — Bernardo  del  Carpio 
and  Jtoncetvalles, 


teak  (JNiMlifo  4a  MmUMaul  wmA  aB  oUmti 

vritlao  oa  Fmidi  BMUtfon,  ihsll  be  dcporited  In  tome  dry 
phitm  .  .  .  exocrpt  one  called  Btmario  dH  Oar;  to.  and 
MMKber  called  Jometmill^  whkh  cliaU  certainly  accea- 
pnny  the  iwt  o«  tbe  benJUe.— OenranlM.  X>ei»  QiUxota,  L 
LSilSOS). 

KoUfty  kinsman  of  the  inca  Atali'ba, 
and  the  idol  of  the  army.  **  In  war  a 
tiger  chafed  by  the  hunters*  spears;  in 
peace  more  gentle  than  the  unweaoed 
lamb**  (act  i.  1).  A  firm  friend  and 
most  generous  foe.  RoUa  is  wounded  in 
his  attempt  to  rescue  the  infant  child  of 
Alonzo  from  the  Spaniards,  and  dies. 
Hia  mnd  funeral  procession  terminates 
the  drama. — Sheridan,  Pixarro  (altered 
from  Kotzebne,  1799). 


h  an  Often  oanlace  from  lord  Abermrn't,  and  came  to  a 
tell  bar.  Ae  the  loU-kcepcr and  Idi dnogtaterirere  fiim* 
Mtag  for  chnnae,  KemMe  cried  out.  In  (he  words  of  KoHa 
to  Uie  efoiy.**  We  seek  no  ehmtff*,  and  leest  of  all  mch 
efcawpi  as  tbcjr  wenU  brli«  w"  (act  tt.  ti.-^  " 


Boiling  Stone. 


tkat  h  mllliv  enn  father  no  mo«  I 
and  Mrrant  oft  ehanginff  h  Iom. 


Th0  PoinU  «if  BumMmrif  (' 
nltlone,"SOilMO)i 


BoHo,  duke  of  Normandy,  called 
^  The  Bloody  Brother.**  He  caused  the 
death  of  his  brother  Otto,  and  slew 
•trenl  others,  some  out  of  mere  wanton- 


ness.—  Beaumont    and    Fletcher,     The 
Bloody  BroUier  (1639). 

Boman  {The)y  Jean  Dumont,  the 
•French  painter,  Le  Remain  (1700-1781). 

Stephen  Picart,  the  French  engraver, 
Le  Eomain  (1631-1721). 

Giiilio  Pippi,  o&Ued  Ondio  Romano 
(1492-1646). 

Adrian  van  Roomen,  mathematician, 
jSdrianue  Romantu  (1561-1615). 

Boman  Aohilks,  Sidnius  Dento^ 
tus  (slain  b.o.  450). 

Boman  Bird  (The),  the  eagle,  the 
distinctive  ensign  ot  the  Roman  legion. 

Boman  Brevity.  Ciesar  imitated 
laconic  brevity  when  he  announced 
to  AmSntius  his  victory  at  Zela,  in  Asia 
Hin<»r,  over  Phama'c^,  son  of  Hithri- 
dat^ :   Fern,  vidi,  vici, 

Potm.  I  will  fanltate  the  bonoutaMe  Boman  In  bcevltjr. 
~   *  S  #t«ir]r /r.  act  U.  cc.  S  (UM». 


Sir  Charles  Napier  is  credited  with  a 
fsr  more  laconic  despatch  on  making 
himself  master  of  Scinde  in  1843.  Taking 
possession  of  Hyderabad,  and  outflank- 
ing Shere  Mohammed  by  a  series  of  most 
bnlliant  manoeavres,  he  is  said  to  have 
written  home  this  punning  despatch: 
Peccavi  ('*  I  have  sinned*'  [ScindeJ). 

Boman  Father  {The),  Horatius, 
father  of  the  Hocatii  and  of  Horatia. 
The  story  of  the  tragedy  is  the  well- 
known  Roman  legend  about  the  Horatii 
and  Oiriatii.  Horatius  rejoices  that  his 
three  sons  have  been  selected  to  represent 
Rome,  and  sinks  the  affection  of  the 
fisther  in  love  for  his  country.  Horatia 
is  the  betrothed  of  Caius  Curiatius,  but  is 
also  beloved  bv  Valerius,  and  when  the 
Curiatii  are  selected  to  oppose  her  three 
brothers,  she  sends  Valerius  to  him  with 
a  scarf  to  induce  him  to  forego  the  fij^ht. 
Otitis  declines,  and  is  slain.  Horatia  is 
distracted;  they  take  from  her  every 
instniment  of  death,  and  therefore  she 
resolves  to  provoke  her  surviving  brother, 
Publius,  to  kill  ber.  Meeting  him  in 
his  trium|A,  she  rebukes  him  for  murder- 
ing her  lover,  scoffs  at  his  **  patriotism,** 
and  Publios  kills  her.  Horatius  now 
resigns  Publius  to  execution  for  murder, 
but  the  king  and  Roman  people  rescue 
him.— W.  Whitehead  (1741). 

*f  *  Comeille  has  a  drama  on  the  same 
subject,  called  />«  Horaces  (1639). 

Boman  dee  Bomans  (2^),  a 
series  of  prose  romances  connected  with 
Am'adis  of  GauL  So  called  by  Gilbert 
Saunier. 


ROMANS. 


842 


ROMUALD. 


Bomans  (Last  of  the),  Rienzi  the 
tribune  (1310-1354). 

Charles  James  Fox  (1749-1806). 

Horace  Walpole,  tUtimus  £omanorum 
(1717-1797). 

Caius  Cassias  was  so  called  by  Bmttis. 


fb*  laat  of  sR  ttM  Roomim.  fkratbMWtBl 
It  la  impcMibto  that  ever  Boom 
SbooM  breed  thy  leBow. 

r.  ad  V.  K.  S  (U9IX 


ItlwM 
JuUm 

Somafu  {Most  Lsamed  of  the),  Marcm 
Terentius  Varro  (b.o.  116-28). 

Bomanoe  of  the  Hose,  a  poetical 
allegory,  b^^an  by  Guillaume  di  Lorris  in 
the  latter  part  of  the  thirteenth  centaiy, 
and  continued  by  Jean  de  Meung  in  the 
former  half  of  the  fourteenth  century. 
The  poet  dieams  that  Dame  Idleness  con- 
ducts him  to  the  palace  of  Pleasure, 
where  he  meets  Love,  whose  attendant 
maidens  are  Sweet-looks,  Courtesy, 
Youth,  Joy,  and  Competence,  by  whom 
he  is  conducted  to  a  bed  of  ruses.  He 
singles  out  one,  when  an  arrow  from  Lore's 
bow  stretches  him  fainting  on  the  ground, 
and  he  is  carried  off.  When  he  comes  to 
himself,  he  resolves,  if  possible,  to  find  his 
rose,  and  Welcome  promises  to  aid  him  ; 
Shyness,  Fear,  and  Slander  obstruct  him, 
and  Reason  advises  him  to  give  up  the 
quest.  Pit^  and  Kindness  show  him  the 
object  of  his  search ;  but  Jealousy  seizes 
Welcome,  and  locks  her  in  Fear  Castle. 
Here  the  original  poem  ends.  The  sequel, 
somewhat  longer  than  the  twenty-four 
books  of  Homer's  Iliad,  takes  up  the  tale 
from  this  point. 

Boma'no*  the  old  monk  who  took 
pitv  on  Roderick  in  his  flight  (viii.), 
and  went  with  him  for  refuge  to  a  small 
hermitage  on  the  sea-ooast,  where  they 
remained  for  twelve  months,  when  the 
old  monk  died.^^uthev,  Roderick,  the 
Last  of  the  Ooths,  i.,  ii.  (1814). 

Borne  Does  {Do  as).  The  saying 
originated  with  St.  Ambrose  (fourth 
century).  It  arose  from  the  following 
diversity  in  the  observance  of  Saturday  : — 
The  Milanese  make  it  a  feast,  the  Romans 
a  fast.  St.  Ambrose,  being  a^ked  what 
should  be  done  in  such  a  case,  replied,  **  In 
matters  of  indifference,  it  is  better  to  be 
guided  by  the  general  usage.  When  J  am 
at  Milan,  I  do  not  fast  on  Saturdays,  but 
when  I  am  at  Rome,  I  do  as  they  do  at 
Rome." 

Borne  of  the  19'orth.  Cologne  was 
so  called  (snys  Hope)  in  the  Middle  A^es, 
from  its  wealthy  power,  and  ecclesiastical 
foundations. 


Borne  Saved  by  Qeese.  Wlien 
the  Gauls  invaded  Rome,  a  detadimeiit 
in  single  file  scaled  the  hill  on  which  the 
capitol  stood,  so  silently  that  the  fore- 
most man  reached  tiie  summit  witboat 
being  challenged ;  but  while  striding 
over  the  ram  put,  some  sacred  geese  were 
disturbed,  and  by  their  cack^  aroused 
the  guard.  Marcus  Manlius  rushed  to 
the  wall,  and  hustled  the  Gaul  over,  tfans 
saving  tne  capitol. 

A  somewhat  parallel  case  occurred  ia 
Ireland  in  the  battle  of  Glinsaly,  in 
Donegal.  A  party  of  the  Irish  would 
have  surprised  the  protestants  if  some 
wrens  had  not  disturbed  the  guards  by 
the  noise  they  made  in  hopping  about  the 
drums  and  pecking  on  the  parduncnt 
heads. — ^Aubrey,  Mtsoetianies,  46. 

Bo'meo^  a  son  of  Mon'tagne  (3  syl.)^ 
in  love  with  Juliet  the  &ughter  of 
Cap'ulet ;  but  between  the  houses  of  Mon- 
tague and  Capulet  there  existed  a  deadly- 
feud.  As  the  families  were  irreconcilable^ 
Juliet  took  a  sleeping  draught,  that  she 
might  get  away  from  her  parents  and  elope 
with  Romeo.  Romeo,  thinking  her  to  be 
dead,  killed  himself:  and  when  Juliet 
awoke  and  found  her  lover  dead,  she  also 
killed  herself. — Shakespeare,  Monteo  and 
Juliet  (1698). 

Fox  said  that  Barry's  <*  Romeo**  was 
superior  to  Garrick's  (S.  Rogers,  Table 
Talk).  Fitzf^rald  says  that  Barry  was 
tiie  superior  m  the  garden-scenes  and  in 
the  first  part  of  the  tomb,  but  Garrick 
in  the  scene  with  the  "friar**  and  in  the 
dying  part. 

Borneo  and  JuUet,  a  tragedy  by 
Shakespeare  (1698).  The  tale  is  taken 
from  Rhomeo  and  Julietta,  a  novel  by 
Boisteau  in  French,  borrowed  from  an 
Italian  story  by  Bandelio  (1664). 

In  1663  Arthur  Brooke  prodooed  the 
same  tale  in  verse,  called  The  TragioaU 
History  of  Romerts  and  Juliet.  In  1667 
Painted  published  a  prose  traoslation  of 
Boisteau  s  noveL 

Bomp  {The),  a  comic  opera  altered 
from  BicKerstafrs  Love  in  the  City,  Pri«- 
cilla  Tomboy  is  *'  the  romp,"  and  the  plot 
is  given  under  that  name. 


A  •ptendM  portrait  of  Mn.  JordMn.  fii  her  chwftn  «C 
**  The  Komp.  baaf  ewr  tbe  mantclplcee  In  Uie  4laiait> 
room  luf  Adtlpkm  /WcofarmwJ.— Lsvd  W.  f.  LmmmL, 
0tl9hrmm,  He..  L  11. 

Bom'uald  (St).  The  Catalans  had  a 
great  reverence  for  a  hermit  so  called,  and 
hearing  that  he  was  about  to  quit  their 
countiy,  called  together  a  parish  meeting. 


ROMULA. 


848 


BOSA. 


to  eoiualt  how  thej  raifltht  beat  retain  him 
MBongst  them,  **  For,  said  they,  **he 
wUl  certainlj  be  consecrated,  and  his 
lelics  will  bring  a  fortune  to  ns.**  So 
thej  agreed  to  strangle  him :  but  their 
intuition  being  told  to  the  hermit,  he 
Kcretly  made  hia  escape. — St.  Foiz, 
Esmiit  Historiques  mt  Paria^  t.  168. 

*«*  Southey  haa  a  ballad  on  the  sub- 
ject. 

Bom'ola,  liie  heroine  and  title  of  a 
norel  by  George  Eliot  (Mrs.  Lewes). 
Romnla  married  Tito  Mel'ema,  a  Greek. 
(Brought  out  in  OomkUl  MagaziM,) 

Bomnlus  {The  Second  and  Third), 
Camillns  and  Marlns.  Also  called  **  The 
Second  and  Third  Founders  of  Rome.** 

Bomnlus  and  Bemnfl^  the  twin 
tons  of  Silvia  a  vestal  virgin  and  the 
god  Mars.  The  infants  were  exposed  in 
a  cradle,  and  the  floods  carried  the  cradle 
to  the  foot  of  the  Palatine.  Here  a  wolf 
suckled  tiiem,  till  one  Faustulus,  the 
king*s  shepherd,  took  them  to  his  wife, 
who  brought  them  up.  When  grown  to 
manhood,  they  slew  Amulius,  who  had 
caused  them  to  be  exposed. 

The  Greek  legend  of  Tjnro  is  in  many 
respects  similar.  This  Tyro  had  an 
amour  with  Poseidon  (as  Silvia  had  with 
Mars),  and  two  sons  were  bom  in  both 
cases.  Tyro*s  mother-in-law  confined  her 
in  a  dungeon,  and  exposed  the  two  infants 
(Pelias  and  Neleus)  m  a  boat  on  the  river 
Enlpens  (8  syl,).  Here  they  were  dis- 
covered and  brought  up  by  a  herdsman 
(Romulus  and  Remus  were  brought  up  by 
a  shepherd),  and  when  grown  to  man- 
hood, they  put  to  death  Uieir  mother-in- 
law,  who  had  caused  them  to  be  exposed 
(as  Romulus  and  Remus  put  to  death 
their  great-uncle  Amulius). 

Hon,  the  ebony  spear  of  prince  Arthur. 

Hm  I— pwfhte— rofd.  Um  trM  BxokUbor, 

1W  IngttMi  and  th*  leogth  of  Bun*  bk  noMe  ipeMr, 

Wilk  Pridvin  kk  gnat  ahMd. 

Dnirtoa,  PolpolNtm,  Ir.  (Mil). 

Sonald  (Lord),  in  love  with  lady 
Clare,  to  whom  he  gave  a  lily-white  doe. 
The  day  before  the  wedding,  nurse 
Alice  told  lady  Clare  she  was  not  "  lady 
Clare**  at  all,  but  her  own  child.  On 
hearing  this,  she  dressed  herself  as  a 
peasant  ^prl,  and  went  to  lord  Ronald  to 
release  him  from  his  engiigement.  Lord 
Ronald  replied,  **lf  you  are  not  the 
heiress  bom,  we  will  be  married  to- 
morrow, and  you  shall  still  be  lady 
Qaie.**— Tennyson,  Lady  Qare, 

Bonaldson  (^<n/),  the  old  ranzel- 


man  of  Jarlshof  (ch.  vii.).~8ir  W.  Soott, 
The  Pirate  (time,  WillUm  III.). 

Bonoesvalles  (4  spL),  a  defile  in  the 
Pyrenees,  famous  for  the  disaster  which 
befell  Roland  and  his  army. 

*«*  Sometimes  the  word  has  only  8 
sy/.,  as  Honoe.val.les  or  Bon.oe»vai, 

■dOlefwdMTaMdk 
Ki  marurent  CD  BondMrak, 
LotiK  JbMfian  4«  la  «o».  U.  L  is.  191  (thlrtoenfh  eantnT). 

And  Um  d«ad  wtio.  dMthlMi  an, 
FaD  at  fUMMS  BoaoSvat 


BondiVilis,  the  physician  consulted 
by  Panurge  on  the  knotty  question, 
**  whether  ne  ought  to  marry,  or  let  it 
alone.**— RabeUus,  PanU^rvei  (1546), 

*^*  This  question,  which  Panurge  was 
perpetually  asking  every  one,  of  course 
refers  to  the  celibMy  of  the  clergy. 

Bondo  (The  Father  of  the)^  Jean 
Baptiste  Davaux. 

Booden  Iiaae.  AUomcme  tide,  like 
Booden  Lcane.  The  village  of  Rooden  or 
Roden,  in  Herefordshire,  is  built  all  on 
one  side  of  the  road,  the  other  side  being 
the  high  wall  of  Heaton  Park,  the  rsai- 
dence  of  the  carl  of  Wilton. 

Bope  of  Oonns  (A),  profitless  labour. 
Ocnus  was  always  twisting  a  rope  with 
unwearied  diligence,  but  an  ass  ate  it  as 
fast  as  it  was  twbted. 

***  This  allegory  means  that  Ocnus 
worked  hard  to  eam  money,  which  his 
wife  squandered  by  her  extravagance. 

The  work  of  Penelope*8  web  was  "never 
ending,  still  be^inninc:,**  because  Penelopd 
pulled  out  at  night  all  that  she  had  spun 
during  the  day.  Her  object  was  to  defer 
doing  what  she  abhorred  but  knew  not 
how  to  avoid. 

Bope-Walk  (Qom  into  the),  taken  up 
Old  Bailey  practice.  The  "  rope  "  refers 
to  the  hangman*s  cord. — Barri$ter8'  Slang. 

Boi>er  (Margaret)  was  buried  with 
the  head  of  her  father,  sir  Thomas  More» 
between  her  hands. 


Hflrnwfderad 


failMrlH 
htbor'stead. 


TaoDjioD. 


Boque  (1  syL),  a  blunt,  kind-hearted 
old  servitor  to  donna  FloranthO. — Ck>liiian, 
Octavian  (1824). 

Boque  Oninart,  a  freebooter,  whose 
real  name  was  Pedro  Rocha  Guin.'^rda.  He 
is  introduced  by  Cervant^  in  Von  Quixote, 

BoML  a  viUafire  beauty,  patronized  by 
lady  Dedlock.  She  marries  Mrs.  Ro««nce- 
weU's  grandson.^C*  Dickens,  Bleak  hmue 
(1863). 


/ 


ROSAlBBLLE. 


M4 


ROSAXOin). 


RosabeUe  (8  si/l,),  the  hidy's-maid  ctf 
lady  GenUdine.  RoMbelle  promised  to 
marry  L'Eckir,  the  orderly  of  chevalier 
Florian.— W.  IHmood,  The  Fwmdimg  of 
the  Forest. 

BoeaMnd  (i.e.  Rose  Daniel),  the 
shepherd  bwB  who  rejected  Colin  Clovt  (the 
poet  Spenser)  for  Menalcas  (John  Florio 
Uie  lexicographer  (1579).  Spenser  was  at 
the  time  in  his  twenty-eixth  year.  Being 
rejected  by  Rosalind,  he  did  not  many  till 
he  was  neady  41,  and  then  we«re  tela  that 
Klixabeth  was  "  the  name  of  his  mother, 
queen,  .and  wife "  {Sonnet^  74)«  In  the 
Jhiry  Queen,  **the  country  lass*"  (Rosa- 
lind) is  introduced  dancing  with  the  Graces, 
and  the  poet  says  she  is  worthy  to  be  the 
fourth. (bk.  vi.  10, 16).  In  1595  appeared 
the  Epithala'tnion,  in  which  the  recent 
marriage  is  celebrated. — Ed.  Spenset, 
Shepheardes  Calendar,  i.,  ri.  (1579). 

**Rosalinde"  is  an  «nagram  for  Bose 
Daniel,  evidently  a  well-edueated  young 
lady  of  the  north,  and  probably  the  '*lady 
JlinbelU  "  of  the  Fairy  Queen,  vi.  7,  8. 
Spenser  caUs  her  **  the  widow^s  daughter 
of  the  glen  "  {et\.  iv.),  sappoeed  to  he 
either  Burnley  or  0>lne,  near  Hurstwood, 
In  Yorkshire.  Eel.  i.  is  the  plaint  of 
Colin  for  the  loss  of  Rosalind.  Eel.  vi. 
is  a  dialogue  between  Colin  and  Hobbinol 
his  frien^  in  which  Olin  laments,  and 
"Hobbinol  tries  to  comfort  him.  Eel.  xii. 
is  a  similar  lament  to  eel.  i.  Rose  Daniel 
jnarried  John  Florio  tiie  lexicographer, 
the  **  Holofemds  *"  of  ShKkespeare. 

.  Roffalindy  daughter  of  tike  banished 
duke  who  wmt  to  live  in  the  forest  of 
Afden.  Rosalind  was  ntuned  in  her 
uncle's  court ^  as  the  companion  of  his 
daughter  Celia :  but  when  the  usurper 
banished  her,  (>lia  resolved  to  be  her 
companion,  and  for  greater  security 
Rosalind  dressed  as  a  bo^,  and  assumed 
ibe  name  of  Gaoimed,  while  Celia  drsased 
JM  a  peasant  inil,  and  assumed  the  name 
of  Aiiena.  The  two  girls  went  to  the 
forest  of  Arden,  ^md  kKlged  for  a  time  in 
a  hut ;  but  they  nad  not  been  long  there 
when  Orlando  encountered  them.  Or- 
lando and  Rosalind  had  met  before  st  a 
wrestling  match,  and  the  acquaintance 
was  now  renewed ;  Ganimed  resumed  her 
proper  apparel,  and  the  two  wen  manied 
witn  the  sanction  of  the  duke.— Shake- 
speare, As  You  Like  It  (1598). 

Nor  ahaU  Um  griehof  Uta  W  •llevUted.  or  the  cliMnN 
•Dd  wHor  Bonilfid  be  alwtad  \tf  Umc— N.  Draka^  ILD., 

RogaUne,  the  nieee  oi  Capvlet,  with 
whom  Romeo  was  in  love  before  he  saw 


Juliet  Mereutio  etftls  her  "•  pale- 
hearted  wench,"  and  Romeo  says  die  did 
not  "  ^TAce  for  grace  and  love  for  hnw 
allow, *^  like  Juliet. — Shakespeare,  Romm 
and  Juliet  (IhdH). 

*«*  Rosaline  is  freqoently  inenti«Md 
in  the  first  act  of  the  play,  b«t  is  not  one 
of  the  dramatie  pereontt, 

ftosatine,  a  lady  in  attendance  on  the 
princess  of  France.  A  sharp  wit  was 
wedded  to  her  will,  mkA  <«t«n>  pitch 
balls  were  stuck  in  her  ^we  for  eyes.** 
Rosaline  is  ealled  '*a  merry,  Binble, 
stirring  epiritl**  BIron,  a  lord  in  -attett- 
dance  en  Ferdinand  king  of  l^avaire, 
proposes  marriage  to  her,  Iwt  she  replies  t 

Yod  mart  be  puiged  lint,  rnor  ilnt  are  iBcka4  • 
Tberefore  if  jroa  aiijr  fRvoor  inea»  to  aeC, 
A  twdvemonUi  riiall  jva  spend.  amfiM* 
the  wearr  bfdi  oT  people  rfck. 


B08ala'ra»  the  aiiy  daughter  <ff 
l^antolet,  beloved  hj  BeHem-. — ^Beani- 
fflont  and  Fletcher,  The  Wiid-aoom  <Skjm 

(1652). 

Bos'axnoiid  {The  Fait),  Jane  CIif« 
ford,  daughter  of  Walter  lord  ClifFord. 
The  lady  was  loved  not  wisely  but  too 
well  by  Henry  II.,  who  kei^  her  for 
concealment  in  a  labyrinth  at  Woodstock. 
Queen  Eleanor  compelled  the  frail  fidr 
one  to  swallow  poison  (1177). 

tkf  was  the  fayre  daughter  of  Walter  lord  CWHii  J  .  .  . 
Heniy  made  for  her  abooH  of  woodatfUl 

to  b«r. 


wnmcht  Ike  •ntoa 
Bat  the  I 


that  no  aan  or  woman  nakht 

WM  named  "La^jrrlntlUM.  and 

knot  in  a  surden  ealled  a  naae.    Bat  the  meeo  caaw  t* 

bar  hr  a  doe  of  thradd&  and  eo  daalt  with  bar  that  aha 

Vvcd  not  kwg  after.    Ibe  waa  boriad  at  Godatow.  la  a 

bouM  of  nonnea.  with  theee  venee  opon  her  toaabe : 

Hie  Jaoet  In  tomba  Roaa  nrandl.  non 

Jlon  Ndolat,  «ed  olet. 


JTert  JaarCAa 

TkM  tmett  tkatri$m  i$  «• 


*«*  The  subject  has  been  a  great 
favourite  with  poets.  We  have  in  lu^g- 
lish  the  following  tragedies : — 77^  Cbm- 
plaint  of  Rosamond,  by  S.  Daniel  (before 
1619) ;  Henr^  II.  .  ,  .  with  the  Death  of 
HosaniotuL  either  BMicroft  or  Hountford 

il69d) ;  Xoeamond,  by  Addison  (1706) ; 
ienry  and  JRoeamond,  by  Hawkins 
(1749);  Fair  Jtoeamond,  by  Tnmyaon 
(1879).  In  Italian :  Boemonda,  by  Ro^ 
cellai  (1625).  In  Spa^sh:  Soemmda, 
bv  Gil  y  Zarate  (1840).  We  have  alM> 
itommond,  an  opera,  by  Dr.  Ame  (1783) ; 
and  Ro^amonde,  a  poem  in  Freadi,  by  G. 
Briffant  (1813).  Sir  Walter  Seott  hm 
introduced  the  beautiful  soiled  dove  in 
two  of  his  novela—JBtf  TaUenum  and 
Woodstock. 
*«*  Dryden  sajrs  her  naiBe  Mas  Jasm  : 

Jane  CHfRord  waa  her  nantM.  aa  books  at 
**  Plidr  RoaanMnd  "  waa  btit  her  «M»  «• 


KDSAKA^ 


BOSS  OF  MREAGOS. 


Wm-ntt  ttei  to  li^lMrf*  wmmM^  that  hmk  m 
ooDcwIigra*  wboM.niuM  WM  Bom.  Mid  for  Mr  mate  bewtfo 
Me  dtpei  Mr  fteoe  imoottdr  (Rom  ninndi).  ttiac  to  to  Nf. 
Bow  of  Um  wdvM.  far  hlai  th«i|ht  that  aha  puwd  iri 
WTMB  la^ewtyo.— LPTiMoa  (14n)»  MhMVMnt^ 
ivrinCad  ln^V^fiihaB  ds  Wonw  1b  I'OOL 

The  Rtfsemonde  of  AMeri  k  quite 
another  person.    (See  RosbmokdO 

Hosa'iuu  danghter  of  the  Armenian 
qneen,  who  nelped  St.  Geor^  to  quench 
tne  seven  lamps  of  the  knight  of  the 
Black  Caatie.— R.  Johnson,  The  Senen 
CAampiont  of  Chriatendoai,  u.  8,  9  (1617). 

BoBCios  (QuifUut),  the  greatest  ef 
Roman  aetors  (died  B.C  6S)« 

WtatsecM  ordaBtfi  hftfb^Rawtoi  MW  Ift  aiTt 


Sttcka  {Th$  BntfM),  Thomas  Better* 
ton  (1635-1710),  and  David  G«rriek 
(JL7MV-1779), 

%*  The  ead  •£'  Sonthampton  says 
that  Richjud  Bnrbaae  **  is  famouaaa  our 
Eaglish  Boscioa'*  (&666-1619), 

Homsim  (The  Jrit^i,  Spranger  Bmr, 
*«Tht  SUvBr-Teiigued-  (I719-1777)» 

Moscms  {The  Toung)^  William  Henry 
West  Betty,  who  in  180a  made  his  deltU 
In  London.  He  was  about  12  ^-ears  of 
age,  and  in  fiftv-six  nights  realized 
£«M,000.    He  died,  aged  84,  in  1874. 

Baaoius  g£  Fraaee  {The),  Michel 
Boyioa  or  Baron  (1663-1729). 

Hoeerana,  daughter  of  Connac  king 
of  heland  (grandfather  of  tiliat  CTormac 
murdered  bv  Cairbar).  Boscra'na  i« 
called  **the  blue-eyed  and  white*handed 
maid,"*  and  was  ^  tike  a  spirit  of  heaven, 
balf  folded  in  the  skirt  of  a  cloud. 
Subsequently  she  was  the  wife  of  Fin^ 
kin^  of  Morven.  and  mother  of  Ossian 
••  king  of  bards.  — Ossian,  Temoray  vi. 

%^0)rmac,  the  father  mt  Roscrana,. 
was  great-grandfather  of  that  Cormac 
who  was  re^nin^  when  Swaran  made  hia 
Invasion,  'nie  line  ran  thus :  (1)  Cormac 
I.,  (2)  Cairbr^  bis  son,  (3)  Artho,  his  son, 
(4)  Cormac  II.,  father-in-law  of  FingaL 

Ho0^  "the  gardener's  daughter,*^  a 
atory  of  happy  first  love,  told  in  later 
years  by  an  old  man  who  had,  in  his 
Toonger  daya^  trifled  with  the  passion  of 
love  ;  bat,  like  St.  AugustiOj  was  always 
<*  loving  to  love  *'  (aoums  anmre),  and  was 
at  IcBgtt  beart-soittten  with  Rose,  whom 
ha  married.  (See  Aligb.) — ^Tennyson, 
The  Gardener^s  Daughter, 

Boae,  Sir  John  MandeviUe  says  that 
a  Jewish  maid  of  Bethlehem  (whom 
Sovtbey  names  Zillah)  was  beloved  by 
out  Ham^le^  a  brutish  sot.    Zillah 


jected  hia  snity  and  Hamuel,  in  igtwitfe, 
sccosed  tiie  maiden  of  offences  tor  which 
she  was  condemned  to  be  bnmed  alive. 
When  brought  to  the  stake,  the  flames 
burnt  Hamnel  to  a  cinder,  bat  did  no 
harm  to  Zillah.    Thera  she  stood,  in  a 

erden  of  roaes,  f  ot  the  brands  which  had 
m  kindled  became  red  roses^  and  those 
which  had  not-  caught  fire  became  white 
ones.  These  are  t^  first  roses  that  ever 
bloomed  on.  earth  sinca  the  loss  of 
paradise. 

ht  the  fyre  twpui  to  braiM  about  bin.  riM  made  b«r 
ItteyeiM  to  oniv  lord  .  .  .  aad  auon  wu  tht  hfft 
queudMd  and  oute.  and  brondet  that  www  bMmnf »■• 
baeoman  white  roMree  .  .  and  theto  vareln  the  fint 
roMna  that  ew  onj  man  Mugb*— Or  John  Maonda- 
Tllla,  rotm^  ami  IVtrfeaga. 


Xoie.  According  to  Ifnssnlman  tndi- 
tion,  the  n>se  is  thus  accounted  for: 
When  Hidiomet  took  his  journey  to 
heaven^  the  sweat  which  f^ll  on  the 
earth  m>m  the  prophet's  forriiead  pro- 
duced tohite  roses,  and  that  which  fell 
fhim  Al  Borak'  (the  animal  he  rode) 
produced^  yeUoto  ones. 

Bom.  On  mount  Cal'asay  (the  Indian 
Olympus)  is  a  table  on  which  ties  a  silver 
rose  that  conteins  two  women,  as  bright 
and  fair  as  pearls ;  one  is  called  Brigas'iri 
("lady  of  themouth"),  and  the  other  Ta- 
las'iri  (**  lady  ef  tfMtongtte*^][,  beeansetfaey 
praise  God  without  ceasing,  fai  tM 
centre  of  the  rose  is  tha  triangla  or 
residence  of  God. — Baldieas. 


And  when  the  bet  hath 
The  Bow  wttb  all  the  inntMiM  i  laumw 
The  Ben.  the  Tkble.  and  mount  Cahuajr. 

The  boljr  hHl  \tmU  wiUi  aB  tbeteon 

Dtaolrai  a«ar« 

Soutbar.  Cmm^Ktkmma,  xIe.  U  (IMS). 


Bote  {OnUeur  de)^  an  exaggerated 
notion  of  the  excellence  or  goodness  of 
something,  produced  b^  hope,  love,  or 
some  other  ftivourable  H^uenee.  Love, 
for  example,  sees  the  object  beloved 
through  a  medium  of  heart-joy,  whidi 
easts  a  halo  round  it,  and  mvesta  it  with 
a  roseate  hue,  as  if  seen  tfaroogh  glass 
tiatad  with  res^-pink.  Hena*  mt  fover 
says  of  Maud : 


nwlitheMNith; 
Bom  are  bar  cheeka,  and  a  rose  her  bmmiUi. 

TBDnjveo,  Mtutd,  I.  viii.  (IflH^. 

Bote,  "Queen  rose  of  the  rosebud 
garden  of  girls.** — Tennyson,  MamL  L 
xxii.  9  (18^). 

Boee  of  Arragon  {The),  a  drama 
by  S.  Knowles  (1842).  Olivia,  daughter 
of  Raphi'no  (a  peasant),  was  marrieid  to 
prince  Alonso  of  Aragon.  The  king 
would  not  recogniae  the  match,  but  bcm 
his  SOB  to  the  army,  and  made  the  oortes 


ROSE  OF  HARPOCRATE. 


AAA 


ROSINANTB. 


pMt  Ml  act  of  diroree.  A  levolt  lutTing 
been  organized,  the  king  was  dethroned, 
and  Almagro  was  made  regent.  Almasro 
tried  to  marry  Olivia,  and  to  murder  her 
father  and  brother,  but  the  prince  return- 
ing with  the  anny  made  himself  master 
of  the  city,  Almagro  died  of  poison,  th« 
marria^  of  the  prince  and  peasant  was 
recognized,  the  revolt  was  broken  up, 
and  order  was  restored. 

B086  of  Har'poorate  (8  syl). 
Cupid  gave  Harpocrate  a  rose,  to  bribe 
him  not  to  divulge  the  amours  of  his 
mother  Venus. 

Bad  M  a  roM  of  Harpocrate. 

Boee  of  Paradise.  The  loses  which 
grew  in  paradise  had  no  thorns.  *  *  Thorns 
and  thistles  *'  were  unknown  on  earth  till 
after  the  Fall  (Oen.  iii,  18).  Both  St. 
Ambrose  and  St.  Basil  note  ^at  the  roses 
in  Eden  had  no  thorns,  and  Milton  says, 
in  Eden  bloomed  **  Flowers  of  all  hue, 
and  without  thorn  the  rose.*' — iParadite 
Lo$t,  iv.  266  (1666). 

Koae  of  Haby,  the  mother  of 
Richard  III.  This  was  Cecily,  daughter 
of  Ralph  de  NeviU  of  Raby  earl  of 
Westmoreland. 

Hose  of  fork,  the  heir  and  he«d  ef 
the  York  faction. 

Wban  Wanrk>k  parWiad.  MtiMNMl  de  la  Piole  beeama 
tha  Boaa  oT  York,  and  If  tbb  foolUh  prinot  diould  b« 
nmovad  bjr  death  .  .  .  hU  ynuiig  and  clever  brother 
rMcAorrf)  wauM  be  raleed  to  tha  rank  oT  Rom  of  York.— 
w.  H.  Dfacon,  Tmt  Qimmm. 

Roses  {War  of  iht).  The  origin  of 
this  expression  is  thus  given  by  Shake- 
speare: 

m<nu.  Let  him  that  li  a  tme-bom  fenttanaa .  . . 
IT  he  ntppoaee  that  I  hare  pleaded  truth. 
Prom  on  this  briar  phiek  a  white  roae  wtth  ma. 

SomerMl  Let  him  that  is  no  coward,  nor  no  lattww. 
But  dare  maintain  tha  partr  o(  the  tnith. 
Pluck  a  red  roae  bom  on  thii  thorn  with  ma. 

Whereupon  Warwick  plucked  a  white 
rose  and  joined  the  Yorkists,  while 
Suffolk  plucked  a  red  one  and  joined 
the  Lancastrians. — Shakespeare,  1  Henry 
VI.  act  ii.  sc.  4  (1689). 

Hosemondf  daughter  of  Cunimond 
king  of  the  Ge|)idfle.  She  was  compelled 
to  marry  Alboin  king  of  the  Lombards, 
who  put  her  father  to  death  a.d.  667. 
Alboin  compelled  her  to  drink  from  the 
skull  of  her  own  father,  and  Rosemnnd 
induced  Peride'us  (the  secretary  of  Hel- 
michild  her  lover)  to  murder  the  wretdi 
(578).  She  then  married  Helmichikl,  fled 
to  Ravenna,  and  sought  to  poison  her  second 
husband,  that  she  might  marry  liongin  the 
exarch  ;  but  Helmichild,  apprised  of  her 


intention,  forced  her  to  drink  the  mixture 
she  had  prepared  for  him.  This  lady  is 
the  heroine  ot  Alfleri*s  tragedy  called  Kose- 
monde  (1749-1803).    (See  Rosamond.) 

Bo'senorants,  a  courtier  in  the 
court  of  Denmaric,  willing  to  sell  or 
betrav  his  firiend  and  schoolfellow,  prince 
Hamlet,  to  please  a  king. — Shakespeare, 
Hamlet  (1696). 

Bosetta,  the  wicked  sister  of  Bra- 
nettaand  Blon'dina,  the  mothers  of  Cherj 
and  Fairstar.  She  abetted  the  queen- 
mother  in  her  wicked  designs  against  the 
ofiFspring  of  her  two  sisters,  Irat,  being 
found  out,  was  imprisoned  for  Kfe. — Coih- 
tesse  D' Annoy,  Pairy  Takt  ("Piineess 
Fairstar,"  1682). 

Roset^ta^  a  bright,  laughing  little  co- 
quette, who  runs  away  from  home  because 
her  father  wants  liier  to  marry  young 
Meadows  whom  she  has  never  seen,  ^e 
enters  the  service  of  justice  Woodcock. 
Now,  it  BO  happens  that  sir  WilHani 
Meadows  wishes  his  son  to  marry  Ko- 
setta,  whom  he  has  never  seen,  and  he  also 
runs  away  from  home,  and  under  the  name 
of  Thomas  becomes  gardener  to  justice 
Woodcock.  Rosetta  imd  voung  Meadows 
here  fall  in  love  with  each  other,  and  the 
wishes  of  the  two  fathers  are  aceooi- 
plished. — Isaac  Bickeistafl^  Loce  in  a 
VUlage  (1768). 


In  1786  Mri.  BUUngtao  BMida  terdAMC  fa 
at  onee  daolinf  tha  town  with  the  brflnaagr  ol  bar 
voealiaatloB  and  tha  tiHh  oflMr  baantv.— &  K.  tak^ 


Bosetta  [Belmont],  danchter  of 
sir  Robert  Belmont  Rosetta  is  high* 
spirited,  witty,  confident,  and  of  good 
spirits.  **  If  you  told  her  a  merry  storr, 
sne  would  sigh ;  if  a  mournful  one,  she 
would  laugh.  For  yes  she  would  say,  *  no,* 
and  for  no^  <  yes.'  **  She  is  in  love  with 
colonel  Raymond,  but  shows  her  love  bv 
teasing  him,  and  colonel  Raymond  is 
afraid  of  the  capricious  beauty. — ^Edwaid 
Moore,  The  Foundling  (1748). 

Boslclear  and  Donsel  del  Phe- 
bo,  the  heroine  and  hero  of  the  Mirror 
of  Knighthoodf  a  medinval  romance. 

Bosinan'te  (4  ayl.),  the  steed  of  d^ 
Quixote.  The  name  implies  "that  ti^e 
horse  had  risen  from  a  mean  condition  tb 
the  highest  honour  a  steed  could  adiieve/^, 
for  it  was  once  a  cart-horse,  and  was 
elevated  into  the  diarger  of  a  knight- 
errant.**— Cervantes,  Ihn  Quixote,  1.  u.  1 
(1605). 

Bodnatito  vaa  admirably  drawn,  la  lean,  lank,  im 
drooping,  ■harp-backed,  and  raw-boned,  ae  to  tadtm 
cnrlealty  and  mirtti.— Ft.  L  &.  1. 


Ti 


ROSIPHSLS. 


M7 


BOUND  TABLE. 


Bosiphele  (8  sifL),  princew  of  Ar- 
menia ;  of  sarpMsing  beauty,  but  in- 
Mnsible  to  love.  She  is  made  to  submit 
to  the  yoke  of  Cupid  by  a  vision  which 
befell  her  on  a  Mav-day  ramble. — Gower, 
Om/essio  AmaHU$\l99S). 

HoBinonda«  a  tragedy  in  Italian,  by 
John  R.  Ruccellai  (1525).  This  is  one 
of  tiie  first  regular  trafi^edies  of  modem 
timea.  8(^f)k(miaba,  by  Trissino,  preceded 
it,  being  produced  in  1514  and  performed 
in  1615. 

Sosny  (8cdnna)f  the  yonng  wife  of 
lord  Sensitive.  '*  Of  noble  parents,  who 
periahed  under  the  axe  in  France."  The 
young  or|>han,  ''  as  much  to  be  admired 
for  her  virtues  as  to  be  pitied  for  her 
misfortunes,*^  fled  to  Padua,  where  she 
met  lord  Sensitive. — Cumberland,  Firsi 
Loce  (1796). 


(Lord),  an  officer  in  the  l^iog*s 
army  under  the  duke  of  Monmouth. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Old  Mortality  (time,  Charlet 
IL). 

Bou  {T%e  Man  of),  John  Kyrle  of 
Whit^ouse,  in  Gloucestershire.  So 
called  because  he  resided  in  the  village 
•f  Ross,  Herefordshire.  Kyrle  was  a 
man  of  unbounded  benevolence,  and  be- 
lored  b\'  all  who  knew  him. 

^0*  Pope  celebrates  him  in  his  Morai 
Essays,  iii.  (1709). 


(2  syL),  the  sword  which  the 
dwarf  Elberich  gave  to  Otwit  king  of 
Lombardy.  It  was  so  keen  that  it  leu  no 
gap  where  it  cut. 

Balmnng,  the  sword  forged  by  Wieland 
and  given  to  Sie^ried,  was  so  keen  that 
it  dove  Amilias  m  two  without  his  know- 
ing it,  but  when  he  attempted  to  move 
he  fell  asunder. 

IkkHNi^toUMeltH*:  UltanWglitorhM. 
Wtelavcr  It  aajr  ctaave  no  g»p  will  there  enaue. 
AwB  AliMri  I  teoeght  It.  eirf  AoMt  Is  Iti  name. 

BoBtocostoJambedanesse  (M, 
N.),  author  of  After  Beef,  Mustard,— 
Babehtis,  Panta^ruel,  iL  7  (1533). 

Bothmar,  chief  of  Tromlo.  He  at- 
tacked the  vassal  kingdom  of  Croma  while 
the  under-king  Crothar  was  blind  with  age, 
resolving  to  annex  it  to  bis  own  dominion. 
Crothar's  son,  Fovar-Gormo,  attacked  the 
invader,  but  was  defeated  and  slain.  Not 
many  days  after,  Ossian  (one  of  the 
sons  of  Fingal)  arrived  nith  succours, 
renewed  thebattle,  defeated  the  victorious 
army,  and  slew  the  invader.  —  Ossian, 
Croma, 


Botiisay  (  The  duke  of),  prince  Robert, 
eldest  son  of  Robert  111.  of  Scotland. 

Margaret  duchess  of  Rothsay, — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Fair  Maid  of  Perth  (time,  Henry 
IV.). 

Bou  {The  Roman  de),  a  metrical  and 
mythical  history,  in  Norman-French,  of 
the  dukes  of  Normandy  from  Rollo 
downwards,  by  Robert  Wace  (author  of 
LeBrui), 

***  Rou*,  that  is,  Roul,  the  same  as 
Bollo. 

Boubign6  (Julie  de),  the  heroine  and 
title  of  a  novel  by  Uennr  liackenzic 
(1788). 

Bougedragon  (Lady  Rachel),  the 
former  guardian  of  Lilias  Redgauntlet. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Redgauntlet  (time,  George 
III.). 

Botmoe'Well  (Mrs.),  housekeeper  at 
Chesney  Wold  to  lord  and  lady  Dedlock, 
to  whom  she  is  most  faithfullv  attached. 
— C.  Dickens,  Bleak  House  (1853). 

Botind  Table  (The),  a  table  made 
at  Carduel  by  Merlin  for  Uther  the  pen- 
dragon.  Uthcr  gave  it  to  king  Leode- 
graunce  of  Camelyard,  and  when  Arthur 
married  Guinever  (the  daughter  of  Leo- 
de^raimce),  he  received  the  table  with 
a  hundred  knichts  as  a  wedding  present 
(pt  i.  45).  The  table  would  seat  150 
knights  (pt.  iii.  36),  and  each  seat  was 
appropriated.  One  of  them  was  called 
the  '*  Siege  Perilous,"  because  it  was  fatal 
for  any  one  to  sit  therein  except  tiie 
knight  who  was  destined  to  achieve  the 
holy  graal  (pt  iii.  32).  King  Arthur 
instituted  an  order  of  knighth<^  called 
•'  the  knights  of  the  Round  Table,"  the 
diief  of  whom  were  sir  Lanncelot,  sir 
Tristram,  and  sir  Lamerock  or  Lamorake. 
The  ** Siege  Perilous**  was  reserved  for 
sir  Galahad,  the  son  of  sir  Launcelot  by 
Elaine.— Sir  T.  Blalory,  History  of  Prince 
Arthur  (1470). 

*^*  There  is  a  table  shown  at  Win- 
chester as  "Arthur's  Round  Table,**  but 
it  corresponds  in  no  respect  with  the 
Round  Table  described  in  the  History  of 
Prince  Arthur.  Round  Tables  were  not 
unusual,  as  Dr.  Perc}r  has  shown,  with 
other  kings  in  the  times  of  chivalry. 
Thus,  the  king  of  Ireland,  father  of 
Christabelle,  had  his  *' knights  of  the 
Round  Table."— See  "Sir  Cauline,"  in 
Percy's  Relimtes, 

In  the  eighth  year  of  Edward  I.,  Roger 
de  Mortimer  established  at  Kenilworth 
a  Round  Table  for  "the  encouragement 


SOUSSSAU. 


sun 


BOYAL  MOTTOES. 


of  military  pastimes.**  Some  ssventy 
yean  l&ter,  Edward  III.  had  his  Round 
Table  at  Windsor;  it  was  200  feet  in 
diameter. 

Bousseau  (Jean  Jacqvea)  used  to 
say  tiiat  all  &bles  which  ascribe  speech 
and  reason  to  dumb  animals  ou^t  to  be 
withheld  from  children,  as  being  only 
Tehides  of  deception. 


I  AaU  not  uk  Jmn  JaeqiiM ! 
If  birda  cootabulato  or  no ; 
*Tls  dear  tluU  Ibejr  t#ere  alwa^  abto 
To  bold  diacouiw— M  l«Mt  In  fRblo. 
Cowpar.  PaiHrtf-nrnt  Antieipattd  (1781 

Boiistam  or  Bostam,  the  Persian 
Hercul^.  He  was  the  son  of  Zal,  and  a 
descendant  of  Djamshid.  At  one  time 
Roustom  killed  1000  Tartars  at  a  blow : 
he  slew  dragons,  overcame  devils,  captorea 
cities,  and  performed  other  marvellous  ex- 
ploits. This  mighty  man  of  stren^^th  fell 
into  disgrace  for  refusing  to  receive  the 
doctrines  of  Zoroaster,  and  died  by  the 
hand  of  one  of  his  brothers  named  Sch^<- 
had  (sixth  century  B.C.). 

Bover,  a  dissolute  young  spark,  who 
set  off  vice  **  as  naughty  but  yet  nice." — 
Mrs.  Behn,  The  Rover  (1680). 

WUiUun  Mountford  [MtOD-lOa]  had  w  much  in  hfan  of 
the  affreeable.  Umt  when  be  pUyed  "The  Rorer,**  it  was 
remarked  bjr  many,  and  partlrnlarljr  hj  queeii  Marr.  that 
It  was  dancBitMM  to  we  bim  act — be  nuMle  rke  M  aUurins- 
~C.  Dibdln.  MUtorg  qf  M«  Stagt. 

Hovewell  {Captam)^  in  love  with 
Arethusa  daughter  of  Argus.  The  lady*B 
father  wanted  her  to  marr}'  squire  Cuckoo, 
who  hod  a  large  estate ;  but  Arethusa 
contrived  to  have  her  own  way  and  marry 
captain  Rovewell,  who  turned  out  to  be 
the  son  of  Ned  Worthy,  who  gave  the 
bridegroom  £30,000.— Carey,  Contrivances 
(1715). 

Bowe  (Nkholas),  poet-lanreate  (167S, 
1714-1718).  The  monument  in  West- 
minster Abbey  to  this  poet  was  by  Ry»- 
bmck. 

Bo'wena  (The  lady),  of  Hargettstan- 
stede,  a  ward  of  Cedric  the  Saxon,  of 
Rotherwood.  She  marries  Ivanhoe.— Sir 
W.  Scott,  Ivanhoe  (time,  Richard  1.). 

Bo^Uuid  (ChUde),  youngest  brother 
of  Helen.   Under  the  guidance  of  Merlin, 
3  he  undertook  to  bring  oack  his  sister  from 
?  elf-land,  whither  the  fairies  had  carried 
her,  and  he  succeeded  in  his  perilous  ex- 
ploit.— An  Ancient  Scotch  BaUafL 

Bowland  fbr  an  Oliver  {A),  a  tit 
for  tat;  getting  as  good  as  you  gave. 
Rowland  (or  Roland)  and  Oliver  were 
two  of  Charlemagne*8  paladins,  so  much 


aUke  in  prowess  and  exploits  that  Hiey 

might  be  described  as  **  fortem(|ae  G3rao,- 

fortemque  Cloanthum  **  {j£t%eid,  i.  222). 

Ooh  t  Mm  Hiutei^-poe.  bare  joa  foond  a  Bovtaad  for 
Toor  OUver  at  htttr—T.  Kal^i,  Tk»M* 


Bowley,  one  of  the  retainers  of  Juliat 
Avenel  (2  syl.).  — Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Monastery  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Rowley  {Master)^  formerly  stewaid  of 
Mr.  Surface,  senior,  the  friend  of  Qiaries 
Surface,  and  tiie  fidne  Aohatis  of  sir 
Oliver  Surface  the  rich  uncle. — Sheridan,- 
School  for  Scandal  (1777). 

Rowley  (Thomas),  the  hypoiheticaf 
priest  of  Bristol,  said  by  Chauerton  to 
have  lived  in  the  reigns  of  Henry  VI. 
and  Edward  lY.,  ma  to  have  written 
certain  poems,  of  which  Chatterton  him- 
self was  the  author. 

Bo^ley  OvMrdees,  a  highwaymaiu 
--Sir  W.  Scott,  Ouy  Manmermg  (tiitte^ 
George  11.). 

Boxa'na,  danghter  of  Oxyart^  ol 
Bactria,  and  wife  or  conenbiae  of  Alex- 
ander the  Great.  Prood,  iroperiovs,  toad 
relentless,  she  loved  Alexander  with  a 
madness  of  love;  and  being  jealoos  of 
Statlra,  daughter  of  king  Darius,  and 
wife  of  Alexander,  she  stabbed  her  and 
slew  her. — N.  Lee,  Alexander  the  Great 
(1678). 


Sonowara  Ia>  sreatas  ttehiwed 
■ar  Slatbm  abd  RoMna.  dont  eurt  ymntihm  lo 
•boot  ma.— Mn.  OentUm^  ne  irenrfer.  ML  1  (1714)^ 

Boxa'na  and  Stati'ra.  Dr. 
Doran  says  that  Pes  Woffington  (a* 
*'  Roxana"),  jealous  of  Mrs.  Befiamy  (aa 
'*  Statira**)  because  she  was  better  dressed, 
pulled  her  to  the  floor  when  she  left 
the  stage,  and  pummelled  her  with  tiie 
handle  of  her  dagger,  screaming  aa  aha 
did  so: 


Norba.  nor  bea?aii.  than  abldd  tbee  from  ntjr  ^ 

IN«,KroeraM,dtel  and  all  my  wroap  die  vUb  thee ! 

TmkU  Truita. 

Campbell  tells  a  very  similar  story  of 
Mrs.  Barry  ('*Roxana*')and  Miss  Boutwell 
("  Statira    ).     The  stage-manager  had 

B'Ten  to  Miss  Bontwell  a  lace  veil,  and 
rs.  Barr^  out  of  jealousy  actually  stabbed 
her  rival  in  acting,  and  the  dageer  went 
a  quarter  of  an  inch  through  ne  ftsya 
into  the  flesh. 

Boyal  Mottoes  or  Lbgenda. 
Dieu  et  man  drpit,  Richard  I. 
Ifoni  SMt  qui  mat  y  pcnse^  Edward  III« 
Semper  eaoletny  Elizabeth  and  Anne* 
Je  maintiendrai,  William  III. 


BOTAL  STTLB  Of  ADDRES3.       S4B 


Bot*!  Btyle  »t 

"  My  Ijege,"  tbe  rnvml  ityle  lill  the 

"  Tour  G[»<»,Mleiiry  IV, 

"Tom  Eicellrat  tl™™,"  Heniy  VI. 

"  Moat    Uigh    and    Uuhty    Fiisca," 

"  Tour  HLRhnesfi,"  lUory  VII, 
"  Your    MaiMty,"    Henry    VIIL     So 
■ddHSHd  in  l&liO,  by  Fnui(wiB  I. 

"  The  Klnf;'«  Sacred  Uijuty,"  Juiwa  I. 
"  Youi     moit     ExceUaat     Hkiutv," 

"  Tour  nxMt 
invaent  ityle. 

BoTHlTitlAB. 


A  knowled^  of  these  Btyles  \t,  of  im- 
Bsnie  r«lne  in  eetiblishing  the  time  of 
R^>]  docnnenU.  Richard  t.  wu  the 
tnt  to  adopt  the  style,  "kiDR  of  Eng- 
Und,"  The  prerioui  kinei  called  theni- 
Klre*  "  king  of  the  Ecglish." 
_  BUBoh,  tlie  ilia  of  windi,  viiitcd  by 


Paotac'rud 
way  to  the  onu 

The  people  of  th       , 

each    >a   flattery,    pronues,  and    hope. 
Th«  poorer  aort  ara  very  iU-fed,  but  tbe 


e  of  the   lioly  Bottle. 


RUDDTMASE.  

great  are  akaSed  wMh  bag*  miU-diaogbta 
of  the  lamg  unaubatantial  pulh.— Kabe. 

laia,  Faatagmel,  iv.  43  (1H5). 

RulMBa^  Number  Nip,  a  famona 
mouDtain-apirit  of  Germaoy,  carretpMiJ- 

ing  to  onr  ruck. 

Babi,  one  of  tfce  chernlM  or  ipirita  of 
wisdum  who  wa«  with  Etb  in  paradise. 
He  loTed  Liria,  who  vaa  yonng,  proud 
and  moat  ea|cn  for  knowledge.  She 
asked  her  aoRei  lorer  to  let  her  lee  him 
in  his  full  aloiy  ;  m  Kubi  came  to  her  in 
his  chembtc  iplendonr.  Liris,  nuhing 
iato  hit  anni,  was  bnntt  toaahes;  and  the 
kiss  Bhe  gave  him  became  a  brand  upon 

into  hia  brain,— T.  Hoore,  Loca  ^lAe 
AngeU,  ii,  (leiSJ. 

Bulltoon,  a  nriall  river  wbieh  aepa- 
rated  aai:ient  Italy  from  CiaalF*Be  Liaa], 
the  province  allotted  to  Jiliu*  CiBaar. 
When  Cnaar  croued  this  river,  he  paawd 
beyond  the  liaitU  of  hia  own  province, 
and  becaae  an  iavader  of  Italy. 

Rubiom  {SapdUaidi),  Momow.  The 
invanan  af  Honcow  was  the  bejrinnLiaif 
of  Napoleon's  tti\.  " 

K«M!  llMlUrhll  of  bfi  lonrvKT, 

•,•  diarlea  XII,  of  Sweden  formed 
the  rentlntion  «f  hnmUiDC  Peter  th« 
Great  (I70«), 

Bubo'aax,  a  man  who  luDged  him- 
self from  mortification  and  aanoyaoce  at 
some  verses  written  upon  hint  by  a  poet. 
—Sir  P.  Sidney,  Dtftact  of  F«eti» 
{1695).  '  ' 

Bufalldk  (7^  Sa.  Mr.),  chaplain 
to  the  baron  of  Bradwardiae.— Sir  W, 
Scott,  IVoPcirtcr^  (time,  George  II.), 

Buby  {Lady),  the  young  widow  ol 
lord  Ruby,  "Her  "  flr8tkive''waa  Frede- 
rick Uowbray,  and  when  a  widow   she 

"young,  blooming,  and  wealthy,  freah 
and  flne  at  a  daisy." — Cumberlaod,  Firtl 
Love  (17»l!). 

Buoellal  (JbAa),  C*.  OricellailDs, 
pact     (1475-lSaS),  "      " 

kueellai  of  Florence, 


RUDQJB. 


850 


RUDIQEIL 


in  grief  at  the  6mA  of  ber  haebeod. 
80  called  beouue: 


.  .  .  n  Mf 
HliBttto 


Mood  iM [A*  inAMii]«d  omlMV 
lp«Mr,  /Mrr  QiMMi.  tt.  1.  s  (lani 


^'SLudg^  (Bixmaby),  a  hslf-witted 
young  mtn  of  three  mnd  twenty  years 
old ;  rather  spare^  of  a  fair  heif^ht  and 
strong  make.  His  hair,  of  which  he  had 
a  great  profusion,  was  red,  and  hung  in 
disorder  aboot  his  face  and  shoolders. 
His  face  was  ^e,  his  eyes  glassy  and 
protmding.  His  dress  was  green,  cktm- 
sily  trimmed  here  and  there  with  gaudy 
lace.  A  iMkir  of  tawdry  ruffles  dangled 
at  his  wnsts,  while  his  throat  was  nearly 
bare.  His  hat  was  ornamented  with  a 
cluster  of  peacock's  feathers,  limn, 
broken,  and  trailing  down  his  back. 
Gird^  to  his  side  was  the  steel  hilt  of  an 
old  sword,  without  blade  or  scabbard; 
and  a  few  knee-ribbons  completed  his 
attire.  He  had  a  large  raven,  named 
Grip,  which  he  carried  at  his  back  in  a 
basket,  a  most  knowing  imp,  which  used 
to  cry  out  in  a  hoarse  voice,  *'  Halloa !  ** 
«*  rm  a  devil !  "  "  Never  say  die  I " 
**  Polly,  put  the  kettle  on  I " 

Bamabv  joined  the  Gordon  rioters  for 
the  proud  pleasure  of  carrying  a  flag 
and  wearing  a  blue  bow.  He  was  ar- 
rested and  lodged  in  Newgate,  from  whence 
he  made  his  escape,  with  other  prisoners, 
when  the  jail  was  burnt  down  by  the 
rioters ;  but  both  he  and  his  father  and 
Hugh,  being  betrayed  by  Dennis  the  hang- 
man, were  recaptured,  brought  to  trial, 
and  condemned  to  death,  but  by  the 
influence  of  Gabriel  Yarden  the  lock- 
smith, the  poor  half-witted  lad  was  re- 
Erieved,  and  lived  the  rest  of  his  life  with 
is  mother  in  a  cottage  and  garden  near 
the  Maypole. 

H«r«  ho  Hvc4.  tMiAng  tb*  pooHiT  and  Um  cattla, 
working  in  •  vud«n  of  bb  own,  and  bdping  crrrx  ooe. 
Ho  WM  knowu  to  mwrj  bM  And  boMt  Miout  th«  plact. 
Slid  bad  •  nanM  lurevorr  oiiai  Novor  wm  Uiore  «  U«hl«r> 
beartod  butbaiidnuui,  •  craature  inura  popular  with  /uunc 
and  old.  a  bUtiMr  and  .    .       -        . 

UulL 


Jfr.  Rudqe^  the  Either  of  Baraaby, 
supposed  to  nave  been  murdered  the  same 
night  as  Mr.  Harcdale.  to  whom  he  was 
steward.  The  fact  is  tnat  Rudge  himself 
was  the  murderer  both  of  Mr.  Haredale  and 
also  of  his  faithful  servant,  to  whom  the 
crime  was  falsely  attributed.  After  the 
murder,  he  was  seen  by  many  haunting 
the  locality^  and  was  sunposed  to  be  a 

ghost.    H e  joined  the  Gord<m  rioters  when 
tiey  attacked  and  burnt  to  the  ground 
tba  bouse  of  Mr.  Haredale,  the  son  of  the 


murdered  hmb,  aad,  being  aiwrted  (eh. 
IvL),  was  sent  to  Newgate,  but  made  his 
escape  with  the  other  prisoners  when  it 
was  burnt  down  by  the  rioters.    Being 
betrayed  by  Dennis,  he  was  bron^t  to 
trial  for  murder,  but  we  are  not  told  if 
he  was  executed  (di.  IxxiiL).    His  name 
is  not  mentioned  again,  and  probably  he 
suffered  death. 
Mrs,  [Mary'\  Rudae^  moQier  of  Bar- 
it^,  and  very  like  him,  **  but  where  in 
his  fiice  there  was  wiMness  and  vacancy, 
in  hers  there  was  the  patient  composure 
of   long   effbii   sad  quiet  resignatioo.** 
She  was  a  widow.  Her  husband  (steward 
at  the  Warren),  who  murdered  his  master, 
Mr.  Haredale,  and  his  servant,  told  her  of 
his  deed  of  blood  a  little  before  the  birth  of 
Barnabv,  and  the  woman's  face  ever  after 
inspired  terror.    It  was  thought  for  many 
years  that  Rodge  had  been  murdered  in 
defending  his  master,  and  Mrs.  Rndge 
was  allowed  a  pension  by  Mr.  Haredale, 
son   and   heir   of   the    murdered   man. 
This  pension  she  subsequently  refused  to 
take.  After  the  reprieve  of  Bamaby,  Mrs. 
Rudge  lived  with  him  in  a  cottage  near 
the  Maypole,  and  her  last  days  were  her 
happiest. — C.  Dickens,  Barnaby   Miitd^ 
(IMl). 

Ru'diger,  a  wealUiy  Hun,  liegeman 
of  Etxel,  sent  to  conduct  Kriembild  to 
Hungary.  When  GQnther  and  his  soita 
went  to  visit  Kriemhild,  Rudiger  enter- 
tained tiiem  all  most  hospitably,  and  gave 
his  daughter  in  marriage  to  Gisether 
(Kriemhild*s  brother).  In  the  broil 
which  ensued,  Rudiger  was  killed  fight- 
ing against  Gemot,  but  Gemot  dropped 
down  dead  at  the  same  moment,  '^eacn  by 
the  other  slain.*"— iVi6(^tdi9eii  lAed  (by 
the  minnesingers,  1210). 

Ru^diger^  a  knight  who  eame  to  WaM- 
hurst  m  a  boat  drawn  by  a  swan. 
Margaret  fell  in  love  with  him.  At  every 
tournament  he  bore  off  the  prixe,  and 
in  everything  excelled  the  youths  about 
him.  Margaret  became  his  wife.  A 
child  was  bora.  On  the  christening  day. 
Rudiger  carried  it  along  the  banks  of 
the  Rhine,  and  nothinj^  that  Maigaiet 
said  could  prevail  on  him  to  go  home. 
Presently,  the  swan  and  boat  came  in 
si^ht,  and  carried  all  three  to  a  desolate 
place,  where  was  a  deep  cavern.    Rudiger 

Sot  on  shore,  still  holding  the  babe,  and 
[argaret  followed.  They  reached  the 
cave,  two  giant  arms  clasped  Rudiger, 
Margaret  sprang  forward  and  seized  the 
infant,  but  Rudiger  was  never  seen  mora. 


EUFFIAN8'  HALL. 


861 


BUPEBT. 


*— R.  Sonthej,  Swdiger  (a  ballad  from 
Thomas  Heywood's  notes). 

Bufflans'  HalL  West  SmithAeld 
was  for  many  years  so  called,  because  of 
its  being  the  usual  rendezvous  for  duellists, 
pugiliflte,  and  other  *^  ruffians," 

BuftlS  (or  the  Red),  William  II.  of 
England  (1067,  1087-1100). 

Hug^  (Mr,),  a  lawyer  living  at 
Pentonville.  A  red-haired  man,  who 
wore  a  hat  with  a  high  crown  and  narrow 
brim.  Mr.  Pancks  employed  him  to 
seMe  the  business  pertaining  to  the  estate 
which  had  long  lain  unclaimed,  to  which 
Mr.  Dorrit  was  heir-at-law.  Mr.  Rngg 
delighted  in  legal  difficulties  as  much  as 
a  housewife  in  her  jams  and  preserves. — 
C.  Dickens,  LUUe  Dorrit  (1867). 

Bugffie'rOy  a  y^nng  Saracen  knight, 
bom  of  Christian  parents.  He  fell  in 
love  with  Bradamant  (sister  of  Rinaldo), 
whom  be  ultimately  married.  Ruggiero  is 
especially  noted  for  possessing  a  hippogriff 
or  winged  horse,  and  a  shield  of  sudi 
dazzling  splendour  that  it  blinded  those 
who  looked  on  it.  He  threw  away  this 
shield  into  a  well,  because  it  enabled  him 
t»  win  victory  too  cheaply* — Orlando 
Innamorato  (1496),  and  Orlando  Fiirh90 
(1616). 

Bukenaw  (Dame),  tiie  ape's  wife,  in 
the  beast-epic  called  Reynard  the  Fox 
(14d8). 

Bnle  a  Wife  and  Have  a  "Wife, 
a  comedy  by  Beaumont  and  Fletcher 
(16-10).  bonna  Margaritta,  a  lady  of 
great  wealth,  wishes  to  marry  in  order 
to  mask  her  intrigues,  and  seeks  for  a 
husband  a  man  without  spirit,  whom  she 
can  mould  to  her  will.  Leon,  the  brother 
of  Altea,  is  selected  as  the  **  softest  fool 
in  Spain,'*  and  the  marriage  takes  place. 
After  marriage,  Leon  shows  himself 
firm,  courageous,  high-minded,  but  most 
affectionate.  He  '* rules  his  wife"  and 
her  household  with  a  masterly  hand, 
wins  the  respect  of  every  one,  and  the 
wife,  whollv  reclaimed,  **  loves,  honours, 
and  obeys    him. 

Btunol^  the  chief  cook  of  prince 
GQnther  of  Burgundy. — Nibelungen  Lied^ 
800  (1210). 

BtunpelstilBohen  [Rumple^stiltM,' 
Mkin],  an  irritable,  deformed  dwarf.  He 
aided  a  miller's  daughter,  who  had  been 
enjoined  by  the  kini^  to  spin  straw  into 
ffoid ;  and  the  condition  he  made  with 
her  for  this  ser>ipe  was  that  she  should 


five  him  for  wife  her  first  daughter. 
*he  miller's  daughter  married  the  Icing, 
and  when  her  first  daughter  was  bom 
the  mother  grieved  so  bitterly  that  the 
dwarf  consented  to  absolve  her  of  her 
promise,  if,  within  three  days,  she  could 
find  out  his  name.  The  first  day  passed, 
but  the  secret  was  not  discovered ;  the 
second  passed  with  no  better  sncoees; 
but  on  the  third  day  some  of  the  (queen's 
servants  beard  a  strange  voice  singmg : 

little  draaim  mj  daioCy  daoM 
BmnixilrtlUrtwii  to  Miy  aaiiML 

The  queen,  being  told  thereof,  saved  her 
child,  and  the  dwarf  killed  himself  from 
rage. — German  Popular  Stones, 

Btm- About  Baid  (The),  Morray's 
insurrection  against  lord  Damley.  So 
called  from  the  hasty  and  incessant  man- 
ner in  which  the  conspirators  posted  from 
one  part  of  the  kingdom  to  another. 

Buna,  the  dof^  of  Argon  and  Buro, 
sons  of  Annir  king  of  Inis-Thona  an 
island  of  Scandinavia.— Ossiao,  The  W<Mr 
of  IniS'Thona, 

Bunners. 

1.  Iphicl^,  son  of  Phylakos  and  Kly- 
m€o&  Hesiod  says  he  could  run  over 
ears  of  com  without  bending  the  stems ; 
and  Demarfttos  says  that  he  could  run  on 
the  surface  of  the  sea. — Argonauts,  i.  60. 

2.  Camilla  queen  of  the  Volsci  was  so 
swift  of  foot  that  she  could  run  over 
standing  com  vrithout  bending  the  ears, 
and  over  the  sea  without  wetting  her 
feet.-.Virgil,  ^neid^  vii.  803  ;  xi.  4S8. 

Not  M  «li»M  8«UI  Oiunilla  Koun  Um  pUln, 
FUw  o'«r  U»'  uubentUiif  com,  and  •klmsakwg  di«  mala. 

Pop*. 

8.  L&das,  the  swift  runner  of  king 
Alexander.  He  ran  so  fiut  that  he  never 
left  a  foot-print  on  the  ground. 

4.  Phidippldds,  a  professional  courier, 
ran  from  Athens  to  Sparta  (160  miles)  in 
two  davs. 

6.  Theagt^n^  a  native  of  Thasos,  was 
noted  for  his  swiftness  of  foot. 

*«*  The  Greek  hemerodromos  would 
ran  from  twenty  to  thirty-six  leagues  in 
a  day. 

Bunnymede,  the  nam  de  plume  of 
Benj.  Disraeli  in  the  Tmes  (1806-       ). 

BuperL  t.tf.  major  Boselheim,  the 
betrothed  of  Mceta  **  the  maid  of  Marien- 
dorpt." — S.Knowles,  TheMaido/Marien- 
dorpt  (1888). 

Rupert  (Prince),  in  the  service  of 
Charles  II.  Introduced  by  sir  W.  Scott 
in  three  of  his  novels —  Wtxtdstock,  Legend 
of  Montrose,  and  Pevcril  of  the  Peak, 


SUPERT. 


BBTIL 


Bnperi  (Sir),  in  lore  witb  Gstiieriiie.— 
8.  Knowles,  Love  (1840). 

Bupert  of  Debate.  Edward 
Geoffrey  carl  of  Derby,  when  he  was  Mr. 
Stanley,  was  so  called  by  lord  Lytton 
(1799-1869). 

Hush  (/War),  a  bonse-spirii,  sent 
from  the  infernal  regions  in  the  seven- 
teenth centory  to  keep  the  monks  and 
friars  in  the  same  stata  of  wickedness 
they  then  were. 

*^*  The  legends  of  tiiis  roistering 
friar  are  of  German  ori^.  {Brtdet 
Mausch  means  "  brother  Tipple.**) 

Milton  confounds  '^JackV-Lanton** 
with  friar  Rvsh.  The  latter  was  not  a 
Jieid  bogie  at  all,  and  was  never  called 
''Jack.'*  Probably  Milton  meant  ''a 
friar  with  a  rush- [light].**  Sir  Walter 
Soott  also  falls  into  the  same  error : 

thnf  mtitm  mni  \fadk 
bjrlrtarl 


(19m. 

RuBilla»  mother  of  Roderick  the  last 
of  the  (xoths,  and  wife  of  Theodofred 
rightful  heir  to  the  Spanish  throne. — 
Sonthey,  Roderick,  etc  (1814). 

Husport  (Lady),  second  wife  of  sir 
Stephen  Rusport  a  City  knight,  and  step- 
mother of  Charlotte  Rusport.  Very 
proud,  very  mean,  very  dogmatical,  and 
veiy  vain.  Without  one  spark  of  gene- 
rosity or  loWng  charity  in  her  compo- 
sition. She  bribes  her  lawyer  to  destroy 
a  will,  but  is  thwarted  in  her  dishonesty. 
Lady  Rusport  has  a  tendresee  for  major 
O' Flaherty;  but  the  major  discovers  the 
villainy  of  the  old  woman,  and  escapes 
from  this  Scylla. 

Charlotte  Rumort,  step-daughter  of 
lady  Rusport.  An  amiable,  ingenuous, 
animated^  handsome  girl,  in  love  with 
her  cousin  Charles  Dudley,  whom  she 
marries. — R.  Cumberland,  The  West 
Indian  (1771). 

Russet  {Mr,),  the  choleric  old  father 
of  Harriot,  on  whom  he  dotes.  He  is 
so  self-willed  that  he  will  not  listen  to 
reason,  and  has  set  his  mind  on  his 
daughter  manAing  sir  Harry  Beagle. 
She  marries,  however,  Mr.  Oakly.  (See 
HARRioT.)---George  Colman,  The  Jeaious 
Wife  (1761). 

Russian  Byron  (The),  Alexander 
Sergeivitch  Pushkin  (1799-1837). 

Russian  History  {The  Father  of), 
Ke«tor,  a  monk  of  Kiev.  His  Chronide 
includes  the  years  between  862  and  1116 
(twelfth  century). 


(TXs), 
MUoradowitch  (1770-1820). 

Rust  (Martin),  an  absurd  old  anti- 
quary. **He  likes  no  coins  bat  those 
whidi  have  no  head  on  them.**  He  took 
a  fancy  to  Juliet,  the  niece  of  nr  Thomas 
Lof^,  bnt  preferred  his  **i£n€asj  his 
precioas  relic  ni  Troy,**  to  the  bvinr 
beauty;  and  Juliet  preferred  Riduixd 
Bever  to  Mr.  Rust;  so  matters  were 
soon  amicably  adjosted. — Foole,  1%§ 
Fatrm  (1764). 

Rustam,  chief  of  the  Persian  mythi- 
cal heroes,  son  of  Zal  "the  Fair,**  king 
of  India,  and  regular  descendant  of  B^ 
jamin  the  beloved  son  of  Jacob  the 
patriarch.  He  delivered  king  Calcias 
(4  syl.)  from  orison,  but  afterwards  fell 
into  disgrace  because  he  refused  to  em- 
brace the  refifriotts  system  of  Zoroasler. 
CaTcaus  sent  his  son  Asfendiar  (or  I»- 
fradiar)  to  convert  him,  and,  as  persua- 
sion availed  nothing,  tlie  logic  of  single 
combat  was  resorted  to.  The  fight  lasted 
two  days,  and  then  Rnstam  oseovered 
that  AsfSendiar  bore  *  "charmed  Ufe,** 
proof  against  all  wounds.  The  valoar  of 
these  two  heroes  is  provetbial,  and  the 
Persian  ronuuices  are  ftiU  of  their  deeds 
of  fight. 

RustanCt  Horse,  Beksh.  —  Ckudin, 
I^fweit  (1686-1711). 

In  Matthew  Arnold's  poem,  Sokrah  nmd 
RutiuMf  ftustnm  fights  with  and  over- 
comes Sohrab,  and  finds  too  late  that  he 
has  slain  his  own  son. 

Rustam,  son  of  Tamur  king  of  Persia. 
He  bad  a  trial  of  strength  with  Rustam 
son  of  Zal,  which  was  to  pull  away  from 
his  adversary  an  iron  ring.  The  combat 
was  never  decided,  for  Rustam  could  no 
more  conquer  Rustam  than  Roland  could 
overcome  Oliver. — Chardin,  ThneU  (1686- 
1711). 

Rustious's  Pig,  «he  pig  OB  whidt 
Rnstictts  fed  daily,  but  wnich  never 
diminished. 

Two  ChrkdMH,  tnwalHiv  In  Pal»i.  .  .  .  cmm  to  &• 
door  of  RiwClciii,  •  bcathen  peaMnt,  «to  Md  kHM  a 
fc»  iMg  to  Mktaat*  tii«  Urtk  of  a  ton.  TW  pUfrfM^ 
bdnc  ioTitod  to  partaka  of  the  fcart.  ftoiiuMiad  a 
McMinc  oa  what  vaa  left,  which  iwmv  ^Umtmhked  to 
tim  mr  w»i0kt  froM  Uttt  mmmkU  ihuu^  all  ttw  SuaSr 
fad  oa  it  maljr  9ntr  4ar.—i.  Bn4r,  Ctmit  Oul^mdmr**, 
ISL 

This,  of  course,  is  a  parallelism  to 
£lijah*s  miracle  (1  Rjngs  xvii.  11-16). 

Rut  (Doctor),  in  The  Magnetic  Lady, 
by  Ben  Jonson  (1632). 

Ruth,  the  friend  of  Arabella  an 
heiress,  and  ward  of  justice  Day.     Ruth 


IfUTHYEN. 


SiABA^ 


also  is  Ml  oiphan,  the  dsogliter  of  sir 
Basil  Thorongbgood,  who  died  when  she 
wss  two  yesrs  old,  leaying  justice  Daj 
trustee.  Justice  Day  takes  the  estates, 
and  brin£8  up  Ruth  as  his  own  daughter. 
Colonel  Careless  is  her  accepted  am^  de 
ccmr.—T.  Knight,  The  Honest  Thieves, 

Huthven  (Lord),  one  of  the  embassy 
from  queen  £Uzabeth  to  Mary  queen  of 
Scots.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Abbot  (time, 
Elizabeth). 

Hutil'io,  a  merry  gentleman,  brother 
of  Ajmoldo. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher, 
The  Custom  of  the  Country  (1647). 

Jutland  {The  countess  of),  wife  of 
the  earl  of  Essex,  whom  he  married  when 
he  started  for  Ireland.  The  qneen  knew 
not  of  ttie  marriage,  and  was  heart- 
broken when  she  heard  of  it. — Uemy 
Jones,  The  Ecarl  of  Essex  (1745). 

,£uiland  {The  dwchess  of),  of  the  coart 
of  queen  Elizabeth.  —  Sir  W.  Scott, 
XemMvrth  (ftidie,  Elizabeth). 

Hntledge  {Archie),  constable  at 
Osbaldistone  Hall.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Rtjb 
Bog  (time,  George  I.). 

Euttedge  (Job),  a  smuggler. — Sir  W. 
Bcott,  Redgavmtlet  (time,  George  III.)* 

Rut'terkin*  name  of  a  cat  the  spirit 
of  a  witch,  sent  at  one  time  to  torment 
the  countess  of  Rntland  (sixteenth  cen- 
tury). 

Ruv'dera,  a  duenna  who  had  seven 
daughters  and  two  nieces.  They  were 
imprisoned  for  500  years  in  tiie  cavern 
of  Montesi'nos,  in  La  Mancha  of  Spain. 
Hidr  ceaseless  weeping  stirred  the  com- 
pMsion  of  Merlin,  who  conrerted  them 
Mto  lakes  in  the  same  province. — Cer- 
Tantes,  Don  Quixote,  II.  U.  6  (1615). 

B.  V.  fit  V.  P.,  u«.  r€pondeM  wite  si 
ftouspiait, 

Ryenoe  (^),  king  of  Wales,  Ire- 
land, and  many  of  the  teles.  When 
Arthur  first  mounted  the  throne,  king 
Rvence,  in  scorn,  sent  a  messenger  to  say 
**  he  bad  purAed  a  mantle  with  ue  beards 
of  kings;  but  the  mantle  lacked  one 
more  beard  to  complete  the  lining,  and 
he  requested  Arthur  to  send  his  beard  by 
the  messenger,  or  else  he  would  come 
and  take  head  and  beard  too.**  Part  of 
l^e  insolence  was  in  this :  Arthur  at  the 
time  was  too  young  to  have  a  beard  at 
all ;  and  he  made  answer,  **  Tell  your 
mastj^r,  my  beard  at  present  is  all  too 
young  for  purfling ;  but  I  have  an  arm 


quite  strong  enonf^  to  drag  him  hither, 
unless  he  comes  intiiont  delay  to  do  me 
homage.'*  By  the  advice  of  Merlin,  the 
two  brothers  Balin  and  Balan  set  upon 
the  insolent  king,  on  his  way  to  lady  De 
Vance,  overthrew  him,  slew  **  more  than 
forty  of  his  men,  and  the  remnant  fled.** 
King  Ryence  craved  for  mercy ;  so  '*  they 
laid  nim  on  a  horse-Iitler,  and  sent  him 
captive  to  king  Arthur.**— -Sir  T.  Malory, 
Ektory  of  Frmoe  Arthw,  iw  24, 84  (1470). 

Bynxar  (iTr.  Rcbert),  poet  at  the  Spa^ 
—Sir  W.  Scott,  St.  Bonan's  Well  (time, 
George  III.). 

Bjmo*  yoongest  of  the  sons  of  Fingal 
king  of  Morven.  He  fell  in  the  baUie 
of  Lena  between  the  Norsemen  led  by 
Swann  and  the  Irish  led  by  Fingal. 


Best.  O  Byno.  on  lJm»\    W^  too.  shkU  bo  no  mon. 
WaiTion  uim  one  dtcj  fldt"— tiirian.  Ftngat^  ▼• 

Ryparoff'rapher  at  Wits,  Rabe- 
lais (l496-lS8). 

%*  Greek,  rupdrot  ("fotil,  nasty '0. 
Pliny  tails  Pyriens  the  pointer  m  '^ry- 
parografdiier.*' 

Rython,  a  giant  of  llrittany,  slain 
by  kmg  Arthur.     (See  Ritho,  p.  832.) 


Bjrthon.  Uie  migh^  elant.  sinin. 
Bar  hb  good  bron^  relieved  BretefiM. 
gr  W.  acoa,  Bridat  i^  THarmaim,  VL  U  (M^ 


Saadi  or  Sadi,  the  Persian  poet,  eaHed 
*<  The  Nigtathigale  of  a  Thonsand  Songs.** 
Hb  poems  are  The  (hdistan  or  ^*  Garden 
of  Roses,**  The  Boston  or  **  Garden  of 
Fruits,  "  and  The  Pend-Ndmehy  a  moral 
poem.  Saadi  (1184-1268)  was  me  of 
the  *'  Four  Monarchs  of  Eloquence  "  (see 
p.  292). 

8aba  or  Zaba  {The  queen  of),  called 
Balkis.  She  came  to  the  court  of  Solomon, 
and  had  by  him  a  son  named  Melech. 
This  ^ueen  of  Ethiopia  or  Abyssinia  is 
sometimes  called  Maqueda. — Zaga  Zabo, 
Ap.  IkmUan,  a  Goes, 

The  Kordn  (ch.  xxvii.)  tells  us  that 
Solomon  summoned  before  him  all  the 
birds  to  the  valley  of  ants,  but  the  lap- 
wing did  not  put  in  an  appearance. 
Solomon  was  angry,  and  was  about  to 


SABBATH-BREAKERS. 


854 


SACRm[>  ISLE. 


'^rae  Ml  order  of  death,  when  the  bird 
presented  itself,  saying,  "I  come  from 
Saba,  where  I  found  a  queen  reipiing  in 
great  magnificence,  but  she  and  her  sub- 
jects worship  the  sun."  On  hearing  this, 
Solomon  sent  back  the  lapwing  to  Saba 
with  a  letter,  which  the  bird  was  to  drop 
at  the  foot  of  the  queen,  commanding  her 
to  come  at  once,  submit  herself  unto  him, 
and  accept  from  him  the  **  true  religion." 
So  she  came  in  great  state,  with  a  train 
of  600  slaves  of  each  sex,  bearing  500 
*' bricks  of  solid  gold,"  a  crown,  and 
sundry  other  presents. 

Sabbath-Breakers.  The  fish  of 
the  Red  Seh  used  to  come  ashore  on  the 
eve  of  the  sabbath,  to  tempt  the  Jews  to 
violate  the  day  of  rest.  The  offenders  at 
length  became  so  numerous  that  David, 
to  deter  otiiers,  turned  the  fish  into  apes. — 
JaUalo'ddin.— il/  Zamakh, 

Sabellan  Song,  incantation.  The 
Sabelli  or  Samnites  were  noted  for  their 
magic  arts  and  incantations. 

Sabine  (TV).  Nvmathe  Sabine  was 
taught  the  way  to  govern  by  Eg^fa,  one  of 
the  CamSnffi  (prophetic  nymphs  of  ancient 
Italy).  He  used  to  meet  her  in  a  ^rove, 
in  which  was  a  well,  afterwards  dedicated 
by  him  to  the  CamenjB. 

Onrgtahm   tht 

tbal  taught  tb«  SftbiiM  how  to  rule. 

TaoaxKHi.  Tkt  PrtneH$,  IL  (18W). 

Sablonni^re  (La),  the  Tuileries. 
The  word  means  the  "sand-pit."  The 
tvMeries  means  the  "  tile- works."  Nico- 
las de  Neuville,  in  the  fifteenth  century, 
built  a  mansion  in  the  vicinity,  which  he 
called  the  "Hotel  des  Tuileries"  and 
Francois  I.  bought  the  property  lor  his 
mother  in  1518. 

Sabra,  daaghter  of  Ptolemy  king  of 
Egypt  She  was  rescued  by  St.  George 
from  the  hands  of  a  giant,  and  ultimately 
married  her  deliverer.  Sabra  had  three 
sons  at  a  birth:  Goy,  Alexander,  and 
David. 


Here  come  I.  St.  Ooorse,  Hm  iralliuit  i 
With  iMked  tvord  aitd  spenr  In  hiui*. 
Who  fought  tiM  dngfon  and  brougbt  him  to  sboghtcr. 
And  woo  Crir  Snbim  thui,  the  king  of  Egypt'*  daughter. 
Notm  tmi  Qiittrim,  Deoetiiber  tl,  1378. 

Sabreur  {Le  Beau),  Joachim  Murat 
(1767-1816). 

Sab'rin,  Sabre,  or  Sabri'na,  the 
Severn,  daughter  of  Locrine  (son  of  Brute) 
and  his  concubine  Estrildis.  His  queen 
Guendolen  vowed  vengeance,  and,  having 
assembled  an  army,  made  war  upon 
Locrine,  who  was  slain.     Guendolen  now 


assumed  the  govemmeDt,  and  commanded 
Estrildis  and  Sabrin  to  be  cast  into  a 
river,  since  then  called  the  Severn. — 
Geoffrey  of  Monmouth,  British  Jlistorg, 
ii.  5  (1142). 

(An  exquisite  description  of  Sabine, 
sitting  in  state  as  a  queen,  is  given  in  the 
opening  of  song  v.  of  Drayton's  Polj/olbion, 
and  the  tale  of  her  metamorphosis  b  re- 
corded at  length  in  song  vi.  Milton  in 
Comusy  and  Fletcher  in  The  Faithful 
ShepherdesSj  refer  to  the  tranaformation 
of  Sabrina  mto  a  river.) 

Sabrinian  Sea  or  Severn  Sea,  i,e.  Uie 
Bristol  Channel.  Both  terms  occur  not 
nnfrequently  in  Drayton's  Potyolbion, 

Saoohini  (Antonio  Maria  Oospore), 
called  "llie  Racine  of  Music,"  con- 
temporary with  GlUok  and  Piodni  (I7dfr- 

1786). 

loompoced  *  thing  Ut-dMf  ta  all  Uw  gmto  of  SmcMbI 
•ad  tl|i  eveetneiior  Qllek.— Mi&  Oowhr.  -i  DaW  AlC«to 

far  m  Mtubani. 

SaohariBsa.  SoWaUereallstiielady 
Dorothea  Sidney,  eldest  danghter  of  the 
earl  of  Leicester,  to  whose  hand  be 
aspired.  Sacharissa  married  the  earl  of 
Sunderland.    (Greek,  sokchar,  **  sugar.") 

Sachente'gea  (4  syL),  instruments 
of  torture.  A  sharp  iron  collar  was  put 
round  the  victim's  tnroat,  and  as  he  could 
not  stir  without  cutting  himself,  he  could 
neither  sit,  lie,  nor  sleep. — ^Ingram,  Saxon 
ChromcUt 

Saokbiit,  the  landlord  of  a  tavern,  in 
Mrs.  Centlivre's  comedy  A  Bold  Stroke 
for  a  Wife  (1717). 

Saokerson  or  Saoarson  and 
"Harry  Hunkes"  were  twofiunons  bears 
exhibited  in  the  reign  of  queen  Elizabetk 
at  Paris  Garden,  Southwark. 

PobUni,  a  atudent  of  the  eoouaoa  fanr. 
To  Parti  GaidM  doth  himwlf  irtthdmv: 
Leailng  old  Plojtten.  I>rer.  and  Broke  ■inaq, 
To  tee  oU  Marrjf  Bunke*  and  Saoitrmn. 

Sir  John  Oafka,  J^i^ntm  (aboat  UMI. 

Sacred  Tiah,  Greek,  ichthvs  («a 
fish  "),  is  compounded  of  the  initial  Greek 
letters:  I[e8ou8],CH[ristos],THr€oal 
XJpos],  S[oterT  ("  Jesus  Christ,  God's 
Son,  Saviour").  Tennyson,  describing 
the  "  Lady  of  the  Uke,'*^  says : 

And  o'er  her  breast  flooCed  flie  aaered  Il4i. 

(taratfc  ttti4  XimeCM  (1898). 

Saored  Isle  (The),  Ireland.  Also 
called  "  The  Holy  Isle,"£rom  its  multitude 
of  saints. 

The  Sacred  Isle,  Scattery,  to  which  St 
Sen^tus  retired,  and  vowed  no  woman 
should  set  foot  thereon. 


SACBED  NINE. 


866  SAFE  BIND,  SAFE  FIND. 


Oh.  hMl»  and  lMv«  fihto  «flnd  M*. 
Vaholjr  bark,  an  moralnff  smila. 

T.  Moon.  Jritk  MOodUt  ("St  SeMtoi 
■iidtheLM|)r.''1814). 

The  Sacred  Isle,  Enhallow,  one  of  the 
Orkneys.  (Norse,  Ei/mhcUga, "  holy  isle.") 

The  Sacred  Jsle,  the  peninsala  of 
mount  Athos  (Ottonum  empire).  This 
island  is  remarkable  for  being  exclosirely 
inhabited  by  males.  Not  only  are 
females  of  the  human  sex  excluded,  but 
cows  also,  mares,  sow-pigs,  hens,  ducks, 
and  females  of  all  the  animal  race. — 
Mllner,  GaUery  of  Geography,  666. 

Sacred  Nine  (The),  the  Mnacs,  nine 
in  nnmber. 

fair  ^uihtcaorilMBaa.  fb«  SkkmI  NtM^ 
Han  vaka  to  eoitaqr  thair  haipt  dlTlna. 

Fakooar.  Tht  ekijMmck,  UL  S  (1759). 

Saored  War  ( 2%^),  a  war  undertaken 
by  the  Amphic^onic  League  for  the 
defence  of  Delphi  against  the  Cirrhcans 
(B.C.  60&-^7). 

The  Sacred  War,  a  war  undertaken 
by  tihe  Athenians  for  the  purpose  of 
restoring  Delphi  to  the  Phodans  (b.c. 
44^-447). 

The  Sacred  War,  a  war  undertaken 
by  Pbilip  of  Maoedon,  as  chief  of  the 
Amphictyonic  League,  for  the  purpose  of 
wresting  Delphi  from  the  Phodans 
(B.C.  367). 

Sa'eripant  {King)i  king  of  Grcassia, 

and    a   lover     of    Angelica. — Bojardo, 

Orlando    Ituuanorato    (1495);    Ariosto, 

Orlaiuh  Furioso  (1516). 

with  Om  Mana  atnUwam.  Darilirant  had  hli  aload 
rt^4ffi  fram  andar  bim.  bjr  that  notoriuiu  Uiief  BruoaUo, 
mt  dM  >ieeB  ot  Alt««ocik--Obrrautaa.  Don  Qmixm*,  1.  iU. 

*^*  The  allusion  is  to  Sancho  Panza's 
Asa,  which  was  stolen  from  under  him  by 
the  galley-slave  Gines  de  Passamonte. 

Safcripant,  a  fitlse,  noisy,  hectoring 
biaggart ;  a  kind  of  Pistol  or  Bobadil. — 
Tasso,  SeocKia  BapUa  (t.e.  **  Rape  of  the 
Bucket  *"). 

Bfti^^'h,  the  sixteenth  night  of  the 
month  Bayaman. — Fersian  Ouendar, 

Ba'dalc  and  Kalasra'de  (4  tyl,), 
Sadak,  general  of  the  forces  of  Am'urath 
sultan  of  Turkey,  lived  with  Kalasradd 
in  retirement,  and  their  home  life  was  so 
happy  that  it  aroused  the  jealousy  of  the 
sultan,  who  employed  emissaries  to  set 
fire  to  their  house,  carr^  off  Kalasradd  to 
the  seraglio,  and  seize  the  children. 
Sadak,  not  knowing  who  were  the  agents 
of  ^ese  evils,  laid  his  complaint  before 
Amnrath,  and  then  learnt  that  Kalasradd 


was  in  tiie  seraglio.  The  sultan  swore 
not  to  force  his  love  upon  her  till  she 
had  drowned  the  recollection  of  her  past 
life  by  a  draught  of  the  waters  of  oblivion. 
Sadak  was  sent  on  this  expedition.  On 
his  return,  Amurath  seized  the  goblet, 
and,  quaffing  its  contents,  found  *'that 
the  waters  of  oblivion  were  the  waters 
of  death."  He  died,  and  Sadak  was 
made  sultan    in  his  stead. — J.  Ridlev, 

ra/^5  0/ £A<r  6?tfnttC  Sadak  and  Kalas  rad  G, " 
ix.,  1751). 

Sadaroubay.  So  Eve  ia  called  in 
Indian  mythology. 

Sadder,  one  of  the  sacred  books  of 
the  Guebres  or  Parsis. 

Saddle  and  the  GrouiuiL 

Batwaw  thaaaddla  and  tha  gmuad, 
Morcjr  Im  MMsh^  and  mettj  found  { 

Should  be : 

Betwixt  Um  atimip  and  the  eroand, 
ICerejr  I  asked,  aaercjr  I  foand. 

It  is  quoted  in  Camden's  Remains,  '*  A 
gentleman  fell  from  his  horse,  and  broke 
his  neck.  Some  said  it  was  a  judgment 
on  his  evil  life,  but  a  friend,  calling  to 
mind  the  epitaph  of  St.  Augustine, 
Miscricordia  Vonuniinter  pontcm  etfontem^ 
wrote  the  distich  given  above." 

Saddletree  (Mr.  BartoHne),  the 
learned  saddler. 

Mrs,  Saddletree,  the  wifle  of  Bartoline. 
—Sir  W.  Scott,  Heart  of  Midlothian  (time, 
George  II.). 

Sadha-Sing,  the  mourner  of  the 
desert.— Sir  ^T,  Scott,  Tke  Surgeon's 
Daughter  (time,  George  II.). 

Sflsmimd  SieftUMSon,  sumamed 
"the  Wise,"  an  Icehindic  priest  and 
scald.  He  compiled  the  Elder  or  Rhyth- 
mical Edda,  often  called  SammuPs  Edda, 
This  compilation  contains  not  only  m3r- 
thological  tales  and  moral  sentences,  but 
numerous  sagas  in  verse  or  heroic  lays, 
as  those  of  l^lung  and  Helg§,  of  Sigurd 
and  Brynhilda,  of  Folsungs  and  Niflungs 
(pt.  ii.).  Probably  his  compilation  con- 
tained all  the  mythological,  heroic,  and 
legendary  lays  extant  at  the  period  in 
which  he  lived  (1054-1183). 

Saik,  in  Arabia,  the  hill  on  which 
Adam  and  Eve  came  together,  after 
having  been  parted  for  200  years,  during 
which  time  they  wandered  homdess  over 
the  face  of  the  earth. 

Safe  Bind,  Safe  Find.— T.  Tusser, 
7%e  Faints  of  Huswifery    ("Washing," 

1557). 


SAFFRON  GOWN. 


%66 


8AQA& 


Bk*  tbt  MilVoa  gomi  iKD  acrer  wnar, 
▲ad  iB  ao  flfWMVfirevn  oowdi  rfudl  die  be  leM. 
W.  Morris,  dtatanla'$ 


The  poetba8mi8Uk«iffa^^«y(**chA8t^ 
modest'*)  for  saffron^  a  word  wholly 
unknown  in  the  Greek  or  Latin  language. 
The  **  saophron  **  was  a  girdle  worn  by 
girls,  indicative  of  chastity,  and  not 
yellow  or  saffron  at  all.  (Ss^ron  is  the 
Arabic  xaphra$tf  throngh  the  French 
sa/ron.) 

8a^^  the  goddess  of  histoiy. — Sotm' 
dmavum  Mythology, 

Saga  and  Edda.  The  Edda  is  the 
Bible  of  the  ancient  Scandinavians.  A 
saga  is  a  book  of  instruction,  generally 
but  not  always  in  the  form  of  a  tale,  Uke 
a  Webh  '^mabinogi."  In  the  Edda 
there  are  nomerous  sagas.  As  our  Bible 
contains  the  history  of  the  Jews,  re- 
ligious $<mf^Bf  moral  pforerbs,  and  re- 
ligious stones,  so  the  £dda  contained 
the  history  of  Norway,  religions  songs, 
a  book  of  proverbs,  and  numerous  stories. 
The  original  Edaa  was  compiled  and 
edited  by  Ssemund  Sigfnsson,  an  Icelandic 
priest  and  scald,  in  the  eleventh  century. 
It  contains  twentpr-eight  parts  or  books, 
all  of  which  are  m  verse. 

Two  haadred  vean  later,  Snorro  Star- 
leson  of  Iceland  abridged,  re-arranged, 
and  reduced  to  proee  the  £dda^  giving 
the  various  parts  a  kind  of  dramatic 
form,  like  the  dialogues  of  Plato.  It 
then  became  needful  to  distinguish  Aese 
two  works  ;  so  the  old  poetical  compila- 
tion is  called  the  Elder  or  Rhythmical 
Edda,  and  sometimes  the  Soemutui  Edda, 
while  the  more  modem  work  is  called 
the  yo%mger  or  Pros^  -fi^JSioL  and  some- 
times the  Bnorro  Edda.  The  Yimngfr 
Edda  is,  however,  partly  original.  iPt. 
i.  is  the  old  Edda  reduced  to  prose,  bot 
pfc.  ii.  is  Sturleson's  own  collection.  This 
part  contains  '*  The  Discourse  of  Bngi  ** 
(the  scald  of  the  gods)  on  the  origin  of 
poetry  ;  and  here,  too,  we  find  the  famous 
story  called  by  the  Germans  the  NSfelun- 
gen  Lied, 

Bams.  Besides  the  sagas  contained  in 
the  EddaSf  there  are  numerous  others. 
Indeed,  the  whole  saga  literature  extends 
over  200  volumes. 

I.  The  Edda  Sagas.  The  Edda  Is 
divided  into  two  parts  and  twenty- 
eight  lays  or  poetical  sagas.  The  first 
part  relates  to  the  gods  and  heroes  of 
Scandinavia,  creation,  and  the  eariy  his- 
tory  of  Norway.      Hie   Scandtnaviaa 


''Books  of  Ocnesiv*'  arc  tke  ^^Yolnspa 

Saga"  or  « prophecy  of  Tola**  (about  23M 
verses),  **  Yafthradner's  Saga,"  and 
**  Grimner's  Saga.**  These  three  resemble 
the  Sibylline  books  of  ancient  Home,  and 
give  a  description  of  chaoe,  the  fonaa- 
tiott  of  the  world,  the  creation  of  all 
animals  (including  dwarfs,  giants,  and 
fairies),  uie  general  eonflagimtioii,  and 
the  renewal  of  the  worid.  when,  like 
the  new  Jerusalem,  it  will  app^r  all 
glorious,  and  there  shall  in  no  wise  enter 
therein  "  anything  that  defiletb,  neither 
whatsoever  worketh  abomination,  or 
■wketb  a  lie." 

The  **Book  of  Proverbs**  in  the  Edda 
U  called  the  **  H4vam&l  Saga,**  and  SMM- 
times  ''  The  High  Song  of  Odhi.** 

The  "  TSlsunga  Saga  **  is  a  collection  oi 
lays  about  the  early  Tentoaie  heinefli. 

The  •«  Sags  of  St.  Oktf  **  is  the  kiatoiy 
ef  this  Norwegian  king.  Hewasasavage 
tyrant,  hated  by  his  su^ects,  bat  bacaase 
be  aided  the  prieats  in  forcing  Cfcris- 
tianily  on  hie  subjects,  be  waa  canoniaed. 

The  other  sagaa  in  theJSiMaara  **^T1m 
Song  of  Lodbrok  **  or  *'  Lodbrog,**  ••Hea- 
▼aia  Saga,**  the  "Yilkina  Sun,**  the 
««BlomstarvalIa  Saga,"  ttie  «'Ytt(diD«a 
Saga**  (aUielatiBg  to  Norway),  the  '*  Joom- 
▼ikinffia  Sua,"  and  the  «*Knytansa 
Saga^(whi<£  pertain  to  I>enmark),  m 
**  Sturlunga  Saga,**  and  the  ''Eryrbiggia 
Saga  "(which  pertain  to  Icehtfid).  AUdie 
above  were  compiled  and  edited  by  S»- 
mund  Siglossott,  and  are  in  verse ;  bai 
Snorro  Sturleson  reduced  them  tn  prooa 
in  his  prose  version  of  the  old  Edda, 

II.  Sagas  vot  in  thk  Edda.  Snorro 
Sturleson,  at  the  close  of  the  twelfth 
century,  made  the  second  great  collec- 
tion of  chronicles  in  verse,  called  tha 
BcmuArmgla  Saga,  or  the  book  of  Che 
kings  of  Norway,  ^m  the  remotest 
period  to  the  year  1177.  This  is  a  laost 
valuable  record  of  the  laws,  customs^  and 
manners  of  the  ancient  Scandinavians. 
Samuel  Lain^  published  his  English 
translation  of  it  in  1944. 

1.  lite  Icelandic  Sagas,  Besides  the 
two  Icelandic  sagas  collected  by  S«nund 
Sigfasson,  numerons  others  were  sub- 
sequently embodied  in  the  Landama  Bok^ 
set  on  foot  bjr  Ari  hinn  Frondd,  and  con- 
tinued by  various  hands. 

2.  Frithjofa  Sa^  contains  the  life  and 
adventures  of  Fntiijof  of  Iceluid,  who 
fell  in  love  with  Ingebora,  the  beautifol 
wife  of  Hrin^,  king  of  Rotwaj,  On  the 
death  of  Hnngj  the  young  widow  buu>- 
ried  her  Icelandic  lover.    Frithjof  Uv«d 


SAOAMAN. 


M 


ST.  ALDOBRAND. 


in  the  eigfi^  century^  snd  thin  sigfl  wM 
compifed  at  the  beginning  of  the  fonr- 
teentii  century,  a  year  or  twt)  after  the 
Meimskrinnia,  It  is  Tcry  interesting, 
becanse  Tegn<^r,  the  Swedish  poet,  has 
selected  it  for  his  IdtjlU  (1825),  jnst  as 
Tennyson  has  taken  his  idyllic  stories 
from  the  MorU  dTArtkmr  or  the  Welsh 
Mabinogum,  Tegn^r*s  Jchflh  were  trans- 
lated into  English  by  Latham  (1888),  l^ 
Stcphtus  (1841),  snd  by  Blackley  (1867). 
8.  I'heSicedishSagawlajotSwediai 
"  Mstoiy  "  is  the  Jngvara  Saga, 

4.  The  Bmskm  Sagao^lmy  of  Rossiaa 
legendary  history  is  the  Egmuneb  Sagttk 

5.  7%tf  Folks  Sageu  are  stories  of  ro- 
■laaoe.  From  this  ancient  collection  we 
have  derived  oar  nursery  tales  of  Jack 
Mid  ih»  Beam-Stalk.  Jack  the  Giant-KUler, 
the  Qkait  who  smelt  the  Blood  of  an  Eruj' 
ashman,  Bltte  Beard.  Cinderella,  the  Little 
Old  Woman  cut  Shorter,  the  Pig  that 
woukbet  go  over  the  Bridge,  Puss  ni 
Boots,  and  even  the  first  sketches   of 

Wf»»iiiMgton  and  His  Cat,  and  Baron 
Jfunchmtsen^  (See  Daseat  Tales  from  the 
Jforse,  1869.) 

6.  Sagas  of  Foreign  origin.  Besides 
the  rich  stores  of  original  tales,  several 
foreign  ones  have  been  imported  and 
translated  into  Norse,  such  as  Barlaham 
and  Joaaphat,  bjr  Rudolf  of  Ems,  one  of 
the  (yerman  minnesingers  (se^  p.  79^. 
On  the  other  hand,  ue  minnesingers 
borrowed  from  the  Norse  sagas  meir 
famous  story  Embodied  in  the  Nibelungen 
Zied,  called  the  "German  TTitid,**  which 
is  from  the  second  part  of  Snorro  Stui^ 
]eson*s  Edda. 

Sagaamxty  a  narrator  of  sagas.  These 
aaeient  chnmidera  differed  from  scalds 
in  several  respects.  Scalds  were  min- 
strds,  who  celebrated  in  vene  the  ex- 
ploits of  living  kings  or  national  heroes ; 
aagamen  were  tellers  of  legendary  stories, 
either  in  prose  or  verse,  like  Scbehem* 
aid^  the'  narrator  of  the  Arabian  Nights, 
ibe  mandarin  Fum-lloam  the  teller  of 
the  Chinese  Tales,  Moradbak  the  teller 
of  the  Oriental  Tales,  Fer&niorz  who  told 
tiie  tales  to  Lalla  Rookh,  and  so  on. 
Again,  scalds  resided  at  court,  were 
attached  to  the  royal  suite,  and  followed 
the  king  in  all  his  expeditions ;  but 
saganen  were  free  and  unattached,  and 
told  their  tales  to  prince  or  peasant,  in 
lordly  haU  or  at  village  wake. 

Sagamlte  (4  agl,),  a  kind  of  soup  of 
tisan,  given  by  American  Indians  to  th« 
■kk. 


Qiirrtildtu  iBd  IMT  with  their  klDdly  bowk 
OiKTef-lMilih  and  n^oef  Mgxunli& 
CampbeU,  QertnuU  </  Wpcmkn^,  i.  19  (ISat). 

Sage   of   Coiusord    {The),    Ralph 

Waldo   Emerson,    of    Boston,     United 

States,  author  of  Literary  Ethics  (1838), 

Foems  (1846),  Representative  Men  (I860), 

English    Traits    (1866).    and    numerous 

other  works  (1803-        )• 

In  Mr.  Anoinn  w  hvn  •  poet  Md  a  profowidly  re. 
uglouc  man,  who  to  mdljr  ud  etttlreljr  undauated  ht  the 
dMcoveriea  of  science,  port.  proMut.  or  MtMwothre.  In 
hb  cwe^poetry.  with  the  Jqjr of  a  Bacchanal,  takes  h«r 

Sivw  biotheradeoee  bgr  th^  band,  and  etaeen  hUn  with 
mcrta]  lanthter.  Br  Eaienon  Kientifle  ooooeptlon* 
are  contbuiolly  transnnited  into  the  finer  fbmn  and 
wanner  Hnoi  of  an  idail  w«rid«~PrDiHHir  l>mlalL  Frao. 
mimts  ^  aottnm. 

No  one  who  baa  eonvened  wtth  the  Snca  of  Concord 
ean  Wonder  at  fho  love  whkh  Ub  nMBbboun  feel,  for  Urn. 
erthe  rerereoee  with  which  be  to  itwwded  hf  tb«Kbobu« 
ofbtglMtd  nnd    AmerfaaL—ATmiiiMi^  StoifrupMeal 

Sage  of  Montioello  (The),  Thomas' 
Jefferson,  the  third  president  of  ttie 
United  States,  whose  country  seat  was 
at  Monticello. 

Af  tnm  die  grave  where  Henrr  deeo^ 
.Fr«i  Vemeri'a  wwplat  willow. 
And  fftMn  the  mmy  iwU  whtoh  hldea 

The  Base  of  Monticello  .  .  . 

Tlrpinia.  o'er  thjr  buid  of  iLtTes 

A  wanMna  voice  to  iweOiiig. 

Wblttier.  refan  ^  rrmOom  (ISSI). 

Bajge  of  Samoa  (The),  PythagSias, 
a  native  of  Samos  (b.c.  584-606). 

Ba.gGii (The Seven).  (See Sevwt Wise 
Men  of  Greece.) 

Bag'ittary,  a  monster,  half  man  and 
half  beast,  described  as  **  a  terrible  archer, 
which  neighs  like  a  horse,  and  with  eyes 
of  fire  which  strike  men  dead  like 
lightning."  Any  deadly  shot  is  a  sagit- 
tary.— Guide  delle  (^lonna  (thirteenth 
century),  historia  Troyana  Frosayce  Coa^ 
fosita  (tnmslated  by  Lydgate). 

The  draadAii  SimittourTW 
Appato  our  nnmben. 

(See  also  Othello,  «ct  i.  sc.  1,  8,  the 
barrack  is-so  called  from  the  figure  of  aa 
archer  over  the  door.) 

Sagramcmr  le  De'sims,  A  knight 
of  the  Round  Table.— See  Launoelot  dn 
Lao  and  Morte  d" Arthur^ 

Saliira  MQ^  ^°*  ^^  ^®  names  of 
hell. — Sale,  Al  Aordn,  Ixxix.  notes. 

Badlor  King  (The),  WilKan  IT.  of 
Great  Britain  (1765,  1830-1837). 

Saint  (The),  Kang-he  of  China,  who 
assumed  the  name  of  Uhin-tson-iin  (1653, 
1661-1722). 

St.  Aldolyrand,  the  noble  husband 
of  lady  Jbnogiiie^   murderad   by   oonnt 


ST.  ALMS. 


866 


ST.  CHKI8T0PHER. 


Bertram  her  qoondamlorer. — G.  Matarin, 
Bertram  (1816). 

St.  Alme  {CapUtm)^  son  of  Dftrlemont 
a  nierchmnt,  gaardiAn  of  Julio  count  of 
Haraoeonr.  He  pays  his  addresses  to 
Marianne  Franval,  to  whom  he  is  ulti- 
mately married.  Captain  St.  Alme  is 
generous,  high-spirited,  and  noble- 
minded. — Thomas  Holcroft,  The  Deaf  and 
Dumb  (1786). 

St.  Andre,  a  fashionable  dancing- 
master  in  the  reign  of  Charles  II. 


•  fMt  mfm  lupC  anra  equal  Hmrn. 

Dn^mu  MaertmkmM  (ISBI). 

St.  An'g^lo  (Ca»tU  of),  once  called 
the  Molds  Adria'ni,  the  tomb  of  the 
emoeror  Adrian,  a  stmctuie  as  big  as  a 
village. 

St.  Asaph  {The  dean  of),  in  the 
court  of  queen  Elizabeth. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
KcnUworih  (1821). 

St.  Basil  Outwits  the  DeviL 

(See  SiNMEB  Saved.) 

St.  Befana,  the  day  of  the  Epiphany 
(January  6).    (See  Bkkaita,  p.  90.) 

St.  Botolph  ( The  prior  of).— Sir  W. 
Scott,  Ivanhoe  (time,  Richard  I.). 

St.  Brandan  or  San  Bor'andan 

{The  Island  of),  a  flying  island,  some 
ninety  leagues  in  lengtl^  west  of  the 
Omaries.  In  an  old  French  geographical 
chart  it  is  placed  6°  west  of  terro  Island, 
29°  N.  lat.  So  late  as  1721  Spain  sent 
an  expedition  in  quest  of  this  fabulous 
island.  The  Spaniards  believe  that  king 
Kodri'go  (*'  the  last  of  the  Goths")  made 
this  island  his  retreat.  The  Portuguese 
assign  it  to  St.  Sebastian.  The  poets  say 
it  was  rendered  inaccessible  to  man  by 
diabolical  magic  Probably  it  owes  its 
ejustence  to  some  atmospheric  illusion, 
such  as  the  Fata  morgana, 

St.  Oeoili,  Ceoily,  or  Oecdle  (2 

syL),  the  daughter  A  noble  Roman 
parents,  and  a  (Christian.  She  married 
Valirian.  One  day,  she  told  her  husband 
she  had  *'  an  aungel  .  .  •  that  with  gret 
love,  wher  so  I  wake  or  slepe,  is  redy  ay 
my  body  for  to  kepe."  Valirian  re- 
quested to  see  thb  angel,  and  Cecile  told 
liiin  he  must  first  go  to  St.  Urban,  and, 
being  purged  by  him  "fro  synne,  than 
Ithen]  schul  ye  se  that  aungel.  Valirian 
was  accordingly  "cristened**  by  St. 
Urban,  returned  home,  and  fonnd  the 
angel  with  two  crowns,  brought  dlreet 
from  paradise.     One  he  gave  to  Cecile 


and  one  to  Valirian,  saying  that  "  botbe 
with  Uie  pal  me  of  martirdom  schnllen 
come  unto  God's  blisful  feste."  Valirian 
suffered  martyrdom  first ;  then  Alms- 
chins,  the  Roman  prefect,  commanded 
his  officers  to  *^  brenne  Cecile  in  a  bath  of 
flammes  red."  She  remained  in  the  bath 
all  day  and  night,  yet  *'  sat  she  cold,  and 
felte  of  it  no  woe."  Then  smote  they  her 
three  strokes  upon  the  neck,  but  could 
not  smite  her  head  off.  She  lingered  on 
for  three  whole  days^  preaching  and 
teaching,  and  then  died.  St.  Urban 
buried  ner  body  privately  by  night,  and 
her  house  he  converted  into  a  dinrch, 
which  he  «Uled  the  church  of  Ocily. — 
Chaucer,  OanteHmnf  TaUt  ("The  Second 
Nun's  Tale,"  ld8S). 

St.  Christopher,  a  native  of  Lycia, 
ver}'  tall,  and  fearful  to  look  at.  He  was 
so  proud  of  hb  strength  that  he  resolved 
to  serve  only  the  mistiest,  and  went  in 
search  of  a  worthy  master.  He  first 
entered  the  service  of  the  emperor:  but 
one  day,  seeing  his  master  cross  him- 
self for  fear  of  the  devil,  he  quitted  his 
service  for  that  of  Satan.  This  new 
master  he  found  was  thrown  into  alarm 
at  the  sight  of  a  cross ;  so  he  quitted 
him  also,  and  went  in  search  of  the 
Saviour.  One  day,  near  a  ferry,  a  little 
child  accosted  him,  and  begged  the  giant 
to  carry  him  acroM  the  water.  Christo- 
pher put  the  child  on  his  back,  but  found 
every  step  he  took  that  the  child  grew 
heavier  and  heavier,  till  the  burden  was 
more  than  he  could  bear.  As  he  sank 
beneath  his  load,  the  child  told  the  giant 
he  was  Christ,  and  Christopher  rtsolved 
to  serve  Christ  and  Him  alone.  He 
died  three  days  afterwards,  and  was 
canonised.  Ilis  Qretk  and  Latia 
Churches  look  on  him  as  the  proteetin|^ 
saint  against  floods,  fire,  and  earthouake. 
—James  de  Voragine,6^o<dbi  LtgmdSf  100 
(tiiirteentii  century). 

*^*  His  body  is  said  to  be  at  Valencia, 
in  Spain ;  one  of  his  arms  at  Compostella ; 
a  jaw-bone  at  Astorga ;  a  shoul«ier  at  St. 
Peter's,  in  Rome ;  and  a  tooth  and  rib  at 
Venice.  His  day  b  Hay  9  in  the  Greek 
Church,  and  July  25  in  the  Latin.  Of 
course,  **the  Christ-bearer"  is  an  alle> 
gory.  The  gigantic  bones  called  his 
relics  may  serve  for  **  matters  of  faith  ** 
to  give  reality  to  the  fable. 

(His  name  before  conversion  was  Of- 
fSrus,  but  after  he  carried  Christ  across 
the  ford,  it  was  called  Caiiist-Offenis, 
shortened  into  Christopher,  which  means 
**theChrist.bearer.") 


ST.  CLARE. 


861      ST.  PATWCK'S  PUROATORT. 


St.  Clare  (Angwitm),  «he  kind,  in- 
dalg«iit  master  of  uncle  Tom.  He  wms 
beloved  by  all  his  slaves. 

Miss  Evangeline  St.  Clare^  daughter  of 
Mr.  St.  Clare.  Evangeline  was  the  good 
angel  of  the  family,  and  was  adored  by 
nncle  Tom. 

Miss  Ophelia  St.  Clares  sister  of  An- 
gnstin.-— Mrs.  Beecher  Stowe,  Undc  Tom*» 
Cabin  (1852). 

&L  DiBtaff,  an  imaginary  saint,  to 
wbem  January  7  or  Twelfth  Day  is  con- 
secrated. 

Partlr  worke  and  partljr  plajr 
Tou  nurt  on  Bt  Pbtars  Dij; 
Okf  BL  Dteaff  all  tke  tight. 
Vmd  ghreChrlrtaMsapoKfood  nliht. 

WMAaforlim0  In  «  ntunU  OtVM 
if  Jfmi  FumetmiMUD. 

St.  Blmo's  S^res,  those  electric 
lights  seen  playing  about  the  masts  of 
ships  in  stormy  wea&er. 


ttMkr  laotand  rigkW 
of8t.Uiw>'t%ht 


I  bwiUM  Ml  ttMkr 

ApiMand  tbe  nlandoar  of  St 

In  1696  M.  de  Forbes  saw  more  than 
tfairtv  feux  St,  Elme  on  his  ship. 

ii^^neas  tells  Dido  that  these  electric 
lights  danced  about  the  head  of  his  son 
loins  when  they  left  tbe  boming  city  of 
Troy. 

Ere*  tofli  ■nuM  do  vartiM  vlMi  loM 
Taadiiia  InaMa  apaa.  uaetnqua  fawoila  molli 
1  aialiwii  IhniaM  ooobm  at  draun  tampora  pasd. 

VIrsll.  JKmId,  tt.  6SS-4. 

]>I  iMBinlaM  flamas  npon  Inlm'  bead. 

WhBe  VB  auibwcad  the  bojr,  from  hcBTon  ware  ihed, 

Flajed  In  hto  bab  and  on  hit  taaiplai  fad. 

St.  Etienne.  There  are  sixty-nine 
l^tteea  in  France  so  called.  A  Paris 
newspaper  stoted  that  the  "receiver  of 
St.  Etienne"  had  embezzled  £4000, 
whereupon  all  the  tax-gatherers  of  the 
sixty-nine  places  called  St.  Etienne 
bro^ghl  sepamte  actions  against  the 
paper,  and  the  editor  bad  to  pay  each 
one  a  hundred  francs  damages,  besides 
fine  and  costs. — Standard^  Fibmaiy  24, 
1879. 

St.  Filume'na  or  Filamkka,  a  new 
saint  of  the  Latin  Church.  Sabatelli  has 
a  picture  of  this  nineteenth-century  saint, 
representing  her  as  hovering  over  a  group 
of  sick  and  maimed,  who  are  healed  by 
her  intercession.  In  1802  a  grave  was 
found  in  the  cemetery  of  St.  Priscilla, 
and  near  it  three  tiles,  with  these  words, 
in  red  letters : 


LUMENA 


PAXTE 


CVMFI 


A  re-arrangement  of  the  tiles  made  the 
inscription,   Pax  Tk-cum,   Fi-i.umkna. 


That  this  was  the  correct  rendering  is 
quite  certain,  for  the  virgin  martyr  her- 
self told  a  priest  and  a  nun  in  a  dream, 
that  she  was  Fi[lial  Luroina^  the  daugh- 
ter Lumina,  i.e,  the  daughter  of  the 
Light  of  the  world«  In  confirmation  of 
this  dream,  as  her  bones  were  carried  to 
Mugnano,  the  saint  repaired  her  own 
skeleton,  made  her  hair  grow,  and  per- 
formed so  many  miracles,  that  those 
must  indeed  be  hard  of  belief  who  can 
doubt  the  truth  of  the  story. 

St.  G^eorge  is  th«  national  saint  of 
England,  in  consequence  of  the  miracu- 
lous assistance  rendered  by  him  to  the 
arms  of  the  Christians  under  Godfrey  de 
Bouillon  during  the  finit  crusade. 

St,  George^s  Siffordj  Askelon. 

G«orf«  he  ehairad  the  drRfloo'e  heaiC 
JLmI  Aahehm  araa  bit  ranr. 

fttnf*  ItMqum,  OI.  II.  11. 

8t,  George  (Le  chevalier  de),  James 
Francis  Mward  Stuart,  called  *^The  Old 
lot  Oder)  Pretender**  (1688-1766). 

St.  QraaL    (See  Sanoraau) 

St.  Iie'on,  the  hero  of  a  novel  of  the 
same  name  by  W.  Goodwin  (1799).  St. 
Leon  becomes  possessed  of  the  "  elixir  of 
life,"  and  of  the  "  philosopher*s  stone  ; " 
but  this  knowledge,  instead  of  bringing 
him  wealth  and  happiness,  is  the  source 
of  misery  and  endless  misfortunes. 

81  Leon  b  dtilffncd  to  prova  that  tbe  happlnen  of 
oiankind  aroold  not  bare  bean  auftaented  hjr  the  gifti  of 
fanmortal  jrouth  aud  ineihanrtlbla  rkbee.— Z«m|Ml  BHL, 
Art  "lomaDoa." 

Saint  If  aiir,  one  of  the  attendants 
of  sir  Reginald  Front  de  Boeuf  (a  follower 
of  prince  John).— Sir  W.  Scott,  Ivanhoe 
(time,  Richard  I.). 

St.  mcholAB,  the  patron  saint  of 

boys.     He  is  said  to  have  been  bishop 

of  Hyra,  in  Lycia,  and  his  death  is  placed 

in  the  year  826. 

8t  MIdiobw  b  mU  to  have  mppHed  three  maUem  with 
MMiliH  portlona.  bf  laaTbic  at  their  arlndows  bam  af 
■Mwejr.  .  .  .  Another  lesMid  deacribea  the  adnt  as  bavins 
raitored  to  life  three  [t  two]  murdered  cbUdran.— Yonsa. 

St  Patrick's  Pursatory,  in  an 
islet  in  lough  Derg,  Ireland.  Here  the 
saint  made  a  cave,  through  which  was  an 
entrance  into  purgator}* ;  and  here  those 
who  liked  to  do  so  might  forestall  their 
purgatorial  punishments  while  they  were 
m  the  flesh.  This  was  made  the  subject 
of  a  romance  in  the  fourteenth  century, 
and  Calderon  dramatized  the  subject  in 
the  seventeenth  century. 

Wbo  hai  not  beard  of  Bt  Patrh*'*  Pnrfdtory .  .  .  with 
It*  chapeb  and  Ita  toU^MMinet    Thither  rqialr  faarly 


ST.  PETKR'8  0BSLI8K. 


SAINTS  FOB  DK^ASES. 


I  of  ploM  Bilpini^  wlw  wooU  varii  wmm  ataaai 
Ik*  ■ervMkted  diu  of  tholr  I1tc&— Wrifhc 

♦^*  This  sonrce  of  revenne  was  abo- 
lished  by  order  of  Uie  pope,  on  SU 
Patrick's  Day,  1497. 

St.  Peter's  Obelisk,  k  stone  pyi»- 
mid  of  enormous  size,  on  the  top  of 
which  is  an  nm  containing'  the  relics  of 
Jnlius  Cnsar. 

St.  PrienT,  the  amant  of  Julie,  in 
Bousseao's  novel  entitled  Julie  on  La 
NouvelUt  HOolse  (1760). 

St.  Bonaa's  Well,  a  nov«l  by  sir 
W.  Scott  (1828).  An  inferior  work ;  but 
H  contains  the  character  of  Meg  Dods,  of 
the  CSachan  or  Mowbray  Arms  inn,  one 
of  the  very  best  ]«r  eomie  eharacterB  in 
the  whole  imoge  ^f  fietieQ. 

St.  Stephen's  Chapel,  properly 

the  House  of  Commons,  but  sometimes 
applied  ta  the  two  Houses  of  Parliament. 
So  called  bv  a  figure  of  speech  ^m  St* 
Stephen*s  Chapel,  built  by  king  Stefdien. 
rebuilt  by  Edward  11.  and  111.,  and 
finally  destroyed  by  fire  m  1S84.  St. 
Steithen's  Chapel  was  fitted  up  for  the  use 
of  tnc  House  of  Commons  in  the  reign  of 
Edward  IV.  The  great  council  of  the 
nation  met  before  in  the  chapter-house  of 
the  abbey. 

St.  Swithin,  tutor  of  king  Alfred, 
and  bishop  of  Winchester.  The  monks 
wished  to  bury  him  in  the  chancel  of  the 
minster ;  but  the  bishop  had  directed 
that  his  body  should  be  interred  under 
tile  open  vault  of  heaven.  Finding  the 
monks  resolved  to  disobey  his  injunction, 
he  sent  a  heavy  rain  on  July  15,  the  day 
Assigned  to  the  funeral  ceremony,  in  con- 
sequence of  which  it  was  deferred  from 
day  to  day  for  forty  dm.  The  monks 
then  bethought  them  of  the  saint's  inw 
junction,  and  prepared  to  inter  the  body 
m  the  churchyard.  St  Swithin  smiled 
his  ai>probation  by  sending  a  beautiful 
sunshiny  day,  in  which  all  the  robes  el 
the  hierarchy  might  be  disphiyed  without 
the  least  fear  of  being  injured  by  untimely 
and  untoward  showets. 

St  TarmnaTiy,  the  patron  of  de- 
mocracv  in  the  American  states.  His 
day  is  May  1.  Tammany  or  Tammenund 
lived  in  the  seventeentii  century.  He 
was  a  native  of  Delaware,  but  settled  on 
the  banks  of  the  Ohio.  He  was  a  chief 
sachem  of  his  tribe,  and  his  rule  was 
discreet  and  peaceful.  His  great  maxim 
t/as,  *■*■  Unite.  In  peace  unite  for  mutual 
hnppinoss,  in  war  for  mutual  defence.** 


Saints  (/sJoMlo/),  kehnd. 

Saintn  (Hoyal). 

David  of  Scotland  (•,  1124-1 15S). 

Edward  the  Confessor  (1004,  1042- 
1066). 

Edward  Oie  Martyr  (961,  975-979). 

Eric  IX.  of  Sweden  (*,  1155-1161). 

Ethelred  I.  king  of  Wessez  (*,  SSfr- 
871).  ^ 

Eugenins  I.  pope  (*,  654-657). 

Fefix  I.  pope  (*,  269-274). 

Feidinand  III.  of   CastiU 
(1200,  1217-1252). 

Julius  I.  pope  (\  887-^362). 

K&ng-he,  second  of  the  Kanchoo 
dynasty  of  China  (•,  1661-1722). 

Lawrence  Justiniani  patriarch  of  Ycnioe 
(1380,  1451-1465). 

Leo  IX.  pope  (1602;  1049-1064): 

Lows  IX!.  of  Fiaooe  (1216,  1226-1270). 

OUuu  II.  of  Norway  (092^  UHM-lOdO). 

Stephen  I.  of  Hongaiy  (979,  997-1088). 

Saints  fbr  Diseases*  lliese  nhnta 
either  ward  off  ills  or  help^  to  velicve 
them,  and  should  be  inroked  by  those 
who  trust  their  power : — 

Aevi.    Bk  PanMl  tmrm. 

Bad  Dbkam*.    9t.  Chrfatoi>herpi»tfcteft<MC 

BLSAftBraik   8t.Oittcctiraa 

BUNONOS.    8l  Tboman  k  BeckeC 

Boils  and  Blains.    Bt  Booke 

Chastitt.   St.  aaan  pmaeta. 

CiuuMnuf*s  DiMAMt  {Auy.   a 
cftttW  (Umohs.    Th«  ktm4  oqmm 
ratty  S)  aad  «aIM  "  TIm  BenedidiMi  cf  St. 
have  been  tried  in  the  reoent  auUe  pkfne. 

CaouEA.   OoJa  BeabM  h  Inrokedto  Um 
tUsmiOMlr. 

Chouc    St  Btmbmh  nn 

Dakcixo  Maxia.    St.  VI 

Dirujunm.   BtSoHui 

DMooTsar  Of  Lmt  Goom. 


M»WedM(F^^ 


Douam.    8t  OattaarliM 

DriNA    Si  Bwter 

KriursT.    St.  TaleotiM 

PiBX.    St  Aswtha  ppoteeu  from  It.  tat  it 

ta  biTotal  intW  alrMdr  brolMn  oaa 
Pkooa^  Fia^  aai  BAamtiVAa,    Sb 
MB  froiB. 
Govt.    81.  Wolkn«  tiMtr  air.  h  flf 


Gaipn.   St. 

Imoor.    8t  OiMlMbtlMtinrdtai 
IXFAMT.    Sc  Sunn  proieeta  ftam. 


IxricnoN.    St.  Ruque  pmceti  fra 

I.KVBAKV        fife    1  ■■Mill.     t^M  t^^^^ 


MADMMB.    St  I)]rniphiui  w,.w. 

Wic«  wad  Rat*.    St  Gertinde  md  8t  MMek 
them  off     When  phMph«>  puta  Mb.  St  < 
mli^t  be  tried,  at  aajr  rate  with  iendaii9Brtliaa  ^ 

NiOHT  ALARMS.    St  Chitttopber  pnKeett  tnm. 

Plaouk.    St  Recb.  tb^r  09.  in  tUi  cHs  a  ~ 
than  Um  "«Dod  blabop  of  BlaneiUec'' 

QcBNcniMO  Fibs.     St  Florian  and  St  Chrbtotib«r 
■bouldDotbefoiifDtteaiif  ffa«lunraM»«oaif     ' 

Quixsv.    8t  BlaiM  vttl  chto  It  ■man  ttei 
antimony. 

BiCHBS.    St  Anne  and  St  Ylaoent  help 
■eeltit    Gold-diwenthonMaAlhifcrnM 

BCAU.    St  Buokf  cyrea. 

SMAUrPox.    St  kaitln  of  Toan  bmv  he  hried  hr  tlioM 
otilcetingtonieeination.  InHindtetan.SeetlB«nilstt«iai 

SooDSN  Death.    St  MarUn  «mm  flma. 

Trmpkkaxci.    Father  Math— r  b  called  "TIm  Aboatla 
oritei|MrMoe*'U7W»-lSM^  *^^ 


SAINIB  OF  f  LACES.  tBL       SAIMTS  FOB  BPSaAL,  ETC. 


ll^ljM.Mll. 


Bainta  of  Flaoes.  The  foltowiDg 
iR  U]«  pAtnti  aUDte  of  the  cities,  nntioiu, 
«  places  set  dovn : — 


nU  ML    HU^M 


Saints  for  Special  Claswa  of 

FereonB,  such  as  tradHmen,  childrtD, 

wira,  idiots,  BtudenCs,  etc. : — 


SAINTS  FOR  SPECIAL,  ETC.       W8  SAEHRAT. 


SaUur,  tbe  devil  who  tf^ile  SalomMi'a 
signet.  Tfae  tils  ii  that  Solomos,  wben 
he  iruhed,  entnutcd  hia  ligiict-riiic  to 

one  day  uiamed  the  appekniicv  of  Solo- 
mon, got  pommion  of  tbe  ring,  mod  aat 
on  the  throne  w  the  king.  During  this 
nsurpMiou,  Solomon  bccune  ■  beggar, 
but  in  fortj  iny  SaUiai  flew  awaT,  and 
Suns  the  gifnet-ring  into  tha  sea.  It  waa 
■iralloired  bj  a  fiah,  tbe  fleb  waa  eaaglit 
■od  >otd  b>  Soioman,  tbe  ling  waa  re- 
covered, and  Sakhar  waa  thrown  into  tb* 
Ma  of  Galilee  with  a  greM  atom  round 
Ilia  neck.— jBUBla'ddlB,.4fZiauU,  (Sea 
Fua  aud  the  Riho,  p.  SS6.) 

SaUirat  ISai.mA'],  tbe  ncred  ston* 

OQ  whitdi  mount  KM  nwta.    Moont  Kaf 

ciicul*r  plain,  tbe  home  of  giants  «od 


8AK1A. 


8ALEM. 


of  working  miracles.  Its  colour  is 
emerald,  and  its  reflection  (civctn  ilie  blue 
tint  to  the  sky. — Mo/Hunmcdan  Mythology, 

Salda,  the  dispenser  of  rain,  one  of 
the  foot  gods  of  the  Adites  (2  syL), 

Sakla.  we  Invoked  for  rain ; 

We  aifled  on  Raseka  for  food ; 

r  <*id  not  Ikear  oar  pr«fe»— tlMgr  eiMld  not  hMT 

No  ckMid  appeared  In  Vaven, 

Fo  nlehtly  dews  came  down.  

toithey.  Tkmltiha  tk*  /Mtrtfer.  L  tC  (1717). 


Salnintala,  dangfater  of  Yiswamita 
md  a  water-nyinph,  abandoned  by  her 
parents,  and  brought  up  by  a  hermit. 
One  ds^,  king  Dushyanta  came  to  the 
hermitage,  and  persuaded  SakuntaU  to 
marry  him.  In  due  time  a  son  was 
bom,  but  Dushvanta  left  his  bride  at  the 
hermitage.  When  the  boy  was  six  years 
old,  his  mother  took  him  to  the  king,  and 
Dushyanta  reco^ized  his  wife  by  a  ring 
which  he  had  given  her.  Sakuntala  was 
now  publicly  proclaimed  queen,  and  the 
boy  (whose  name  was  BhAiata)  became 
the  founder  of  the  glorious  race  of  the 
Bh&ratas. 

This  story  forms  the  plot  of  the  famous 
drama  Sakuntala  by  Ralidasa,  well  known 
to  us  throng  the  translation  of  sir  W. 
Jones. 

Sakya-Mimiy  the  founder  of  Bud- 
dhism. Sakya  is  the  family  name  of 
Siddhartha,  and  mtmi  means  **a  recluse.'* 
Buddha  (** perfection**)  is  a  title  given  to 
Siddhartha. 

Solaoaoa'bia  or  Salaoaoabt,  a  soup 
said  to  have  beeo  served  at  the  table  of 
▲picins. 

■•  la  a  MTtv  pMslif  ne«.  diM  pMMyaLMad 

fntMr,  Bvea  Mdaiiderr  etdsed  mMm^  honejr, 
r.  oU.  and  wine.    Pat  tlmn  Into  a  coeabUimi.  wttk 
tbreecnatto  or  PyoeiittaM  tyread.  Uie  Ikah  of  a  pullet,  vestiue 
ta-feemel^  eacontbent  and  dried  onloiu  minced 
lar  HMip  «««r  the  whole.  famMi  wHk  flMM.  aad 
I  ap  hi  tlw oiaibiilwi ■— King,  Tk«  Ar* ^ Oookmnf. 

Sal'aoo  (3  gyl,)  or  Salaoia,  wifa  of 
Keptune,  and  mother  of  Triton. 

Mto^  who  boMU  kh  hMt  ITeptaiitaB  iMtb 

Qpnns  fewi  the  (od  by  Balaee  s  eairtiraeei     ^_ 

ONDoeaa.  iMtad,  vL  (UTU 

Salad  I>a7a»  dajrs  of  green  youth, 
while  the  blood  is  still  cool. 

|n«e»  werel  nqr  Mlad  4»i  t 
Whea  1  wae  pees  la  jod^nent.  cold  la  Uood. 
Makaipeaie,  Amtvmg  mmd  Ch^/atrm,  act  L  ac  5  (1608). 

Sal'adin,  the  soldan  of  the  East.  Sir 
W.  Scott  introduces  him  in  T/ie  Talisman^ 
first  as  Sheerkohf  emir  of  Kurdistan, 
and  subsequently  as  Adonbeck  el  Hakim' 
the  physician. 

flalamanca^  the  reputed  home  of 
witchcraft  and  devilry  m  De  Lancie's 
time  (1610). 


Salamanoa  {2%e  BaoMor  of),  the  title 
and  hero  of  a  novel  by  liesa^e.  The 
name  oi  the  bachelor  is  don  Gierubim, 
who  is  placed  in  all  sorts  of  situations 
suitable  to  the  author*s  vein  of  satire 
(1704). 

flalamandiir  (A),  Prester  John,  in 
his  letter  to  Manuel  ComnCnus  emperor 
of  Constantinople,  describes  the  sala- 
mander as  a  worm,  and  says  it  makes 
cocoons  like  a  silkworm.  These  cocoons, 
being  unwound  by  the  ladies  of  the 
palace,  are  spun  into  dresses  for  the 
imperial  women.  The  dresses  are  washed 
in  flames,  and  not  in  water.  This,  of 
course,  is  asbestos. 

ScJa'nio,  a  friend  to  Anthonio  and 
Bassanio.  —  Shakespeare,  Merchant  of 
Venice  (1598). 

Salari'no.  a  friend  to  Anthonio  and 
Bassftnio.  —  Shakespeare,  Merchant  of 
Venice  (1598). 

Saleh.  The  Thamfiditet  (8  tyl.) 
proposed  that  Sdleh  should,  by  miracle^ 
prove  that  Jehovah  was  a  God  superior  to 
their  own.  Prince  Jonda  said  he  would 
believe  it,  if  S&leh  made  a  camel,  big 
with  young,  come  out  of  a  certain  rock 
which  he  pointed  out.  S&leh  did  so,  and 
Jonda  was  converted. 

^The  Thamftdites  were  idolators,  and 
Saleh  the  prophet  was  sent  to  bring  them 
back  to  the  worship  of  Jehovah.) 

Sdleh*s  Camel,  The  camel  thus  miracu- 
lously produced,  used  to  go  about  the 
town,  crying  aloud,  *'  Ho !  every  one  that 
wanteth  milk,  let  him  come,  and  I  will 
give  it  him.** — Sale,  Al  Kordn^  vii.  notes. 
(See  leaiah  Iv.  1.) 

Sa'leK,  SOB  of  Faras'cht  (3  s^l,)  q«een 
of  a  powerful  under-sea  empire^  His 
sister  was  Gulna'rd  (3  sy/.)  empress  of 
Persia.  Saleh  asked  the  king  of  Saman- 
dal,  another  under-sea  emperor,  to  give  his 
daughter  Giauha'rd  in  marriage  to  prince 
Beder,  son  of  Gulnard;  but  the  proud, 
passionate  despot  ordered  the  prince's 
nead  to  be  cut  off  for  such  presumptuous 
insolence.  However,  Saleh  made  his 
escape,  invaded  Samandal,  took  the  king 
prisoner,  and  the  marriage  between  Beder 
and  the  princess  Gianhare  was  duly  cele- 
brated. —  Arabian  Hiyhte  ("  Beder  and 
Giauhard**). 

Salem,  a  young  seraph,  one  of  the 
two  tutelar  an^s  of  the  Virgin  Mary  and 
of  John  the  Divine,  **  for  God  had  |^ven 
to  John  two  tuUdar  aLgels,  the  ?hief  9l 


RATJflifAr^ 


SALYJkQB  KNIGHT. 


lUpli'Ml,  4NW  'Of  the  most 
teraphs  of  the  bieimrdiy  of 
— KioiNifcock,  ne  Messiah,  iii. 


wkom 
exalted 
hejtven.' 
'174«). 

Sal'GinaL  the  presenrer  in  sickness, 
one  of  thefonr  gods  of  the  Adites  (2  j 
«!//.).— IVHerbelot,  Bibiiothequs  Orimtale 
(1697). 

Saleorn'  or  Salex^no,  in  lUIj,  cele- 
brated for  its  school  of  medicine. 

■vea  Um  dacten  of  fliUoi 
8end  me  liadc  wor4  that 
M«am  far  •  mteifar  UU  IhU. 


Balian  Franks.  So  called  from  the 
Is&la  or  Yssel,  in  Holland.  They  were  a 
brancbof  the  Sicambri ;  hence  when  Clovis  i 
was  baptized  at  RheimAt  the  old  prelate 
addressed  him  as  **Sigambrian,"  and  said 
that  '*he  must  henceforth  set  at  nought 
what  he  had  hitherto  wor^ipped,  anfi 
worship  what  he  had  hitherto  set  at 
nought.** 

SaHsbmy  f RiK  o/),  WiDiam  Long-  ' 
«word,  natural   son  of   Henry  H.  and 
Jane  Clifford,  **The   Fair  Rosamond." 
—Shakespeare,   JTtii^  John  (1596) ;    sir 
W.  Soott  The  TcUitman  (time,  Bichaid  ' 

I.). 

Ballast  of  Fraaoe  (The).  'C^mt 
iVichard  (1689-4«92)  wai  so  called  by 
Voltaiie. 

Sal'mafsis,  softness,  effeminacy. 
Salm&cis  is  a  fountain  of  Caria,  near 
Halicamassus,  which  rendered  soft  and 
effieminate  those  who  bathed  therein. 


He  was  kiHed  by  lightaing  for  Us  ni- 
piety  and  folly. 


BeoMUi  die  wonui'i  aad  Um  water'a  Vm, 
fbjr  tuoyt  HmlM  melted  Into  Sftlmadt  .  .  . 
And  aU  tiM  bof"!  tirwtli  ■•OMvd  Into  dshi. 

SwtnlMinM,  Mtrmmpkroditm. 

8almiffon4i]l  or  "  Salmygondin,**  a 

lordship  of  Dipsody,  given  b^  rantag'ruel 

to  Panuf;^  (2  jy/. ).    Alcofnbas,  who  had 

resided  six  montns  in  the  giant*s  mouth 

without  his  knowing  it,  was  made  castellan 

of  the  castle.— Rabelais,  Pantag^ruel,  ii. 

82;  iii.  2  (153S-45). 

Ibe  lordihlp  of  9ahoftfmMm  «M  worth  €7  mOUaB 
poao4i  •tartlng  dm*  annmn  In  "eartnln  rent,**  and  an 
■nainl  rwnnae  tor  loontUAnd  parivlaklei,  vanlns  b«M 


^nainl  rwnnae  (or  loontUAnd  parivlaklei,  vaiflas  i 
XS^3»7  to  19  milUone  la  a  food  ynar.  whan  dta  eiports  af 
IotuhCb  and  periwinklet  were  Sourtahing.  Panurse.  bov- 
•eer.  cauU  not  Diako  tba  two  ends  BMet  AtdteduMaf 
"law  thaafDurtoaadan"  ha  bad  for—tolled  Uiree  yean' 
leat  and  revenue,  and  liad  to  appij  to  Paatagmel  to  pay 
bii4eMi.-^^MacfnMl.  HL  S. 

Balmo'neiiB  (3  syf.),  king  of  Elis, 
wishing  to  be  thougot  a  god,  used  to 
imitate  thunder  and  nghtninir  by  driTing 
his  chariot  over  a  braaMn  nridge,  and 
daiftiog  boming  torohea  on  eveiy  side. 


Orer  we  brasM  bridge  oi  Bur  i 
iknd  did  wUh  ariifldal  Umndar  bnva 
Jova,  tiU  be  picicad  bim  wtUi  a  U«btote«  1 
Lori  BrcMAa,  Trmtitm  0h 

It  WM  to  be  Uia  htmuj  BalmimeM 
JapHar.^Lord  fjrtton. 

Salo,  a  rivulet  how  called  JEaAm,  near 
Bilbilis,  in  Celtiberia,  This  river  is  so 
exceedingl  V  cold  that  the  Spaniarda  ased 
to  plunge  their  swords  into  it  while  ths/ 
were  hot  from  the  forge.  The  best 
Spanish  blades  owe  their  stubborn  temper 
to  the  icjf  coldness  of  this  brook. 

tavo  BilbOla  apUmaaa  nwtoBs 
A  forro  Plataam  lao  eonanteai, 
•enn  een  mtfHmv 


PrMipaa  nb  <yilae>a  mrI  natoria*  Md  a^o^  Ip" 
vlelentur;  ^alppa  toaperamento  ifm  fenwn  tenm 
laddfttir:  nee  mim  apad  eoe  telnm  ptebatar  qnod  nan 
aat  la  nlbUI  florio  ant  Cbalrbe  tia^lnr.  Und«  adam 
CIndjrbei  flnril  bnjm  fialttoti  appellttl.  farroqaa  tmnmm 

lOv. 


Salome  and  the  Baptist.  Wbcf& 
SalomS  delivered  the  hod  of  John  the 
Baptist  to  her  mother,  Herodias  pulled 
out  the  tongue  and  stabbed  it  with  her 
bodkin. 

When  the  head  of  Goero  was  delivered 
-to  Maic  Antony,  his  wife  FuUria  puDod 
out  the  tongue  and  stabbsd  it  lepeatedlj 
with  her  boidkin. 

8alopia»  Shropshire. 

Admired  SalopUl  tbat  vUh  fnntal  pride 
t^  bar  bc%bt  fenn  In  Sarem'a  amMentWWtt 

Jhunad  for  ber  bvnl  cane  la  parib  tried. 

Her  dantblen  toveljr.antf  ber  ftriplinss  brafn. 
Tk0  0UknlmUl,m$(i7m> 


Salsabilf  a  fountain  of  pamdiae,  Vbt 
water  of  which  is  called  ZenjebiL  The 
word  Salsabil  means  '*that  whidi  goea 
pleasantly  down  the  throat:**  and  Zen- 
;ebil  means  *'  ginger  **  (which  the  Acaba 
mix  with  the  water  that  they  drink). 

God  dwl  reward  tbe  rishteane  vftb  a  i 
gannenta.  Ibw  riudl  repsae  an  aMcbae.  i 
thare  neitber  nn  nor  moon  ...  (be  IMt  i 
bai«lmr.  aoMtobeaadlrsMbered.  Tbe  bottles  Aall  bn 
MlVcr  ibiniug  like  glaae.  and  (be  wine  dual  be  mtsad.  vflk 
||wvntorXenJtMI,aa  '-*   — 

~    b's  JTerdn.  faonl 


Salt  BiT«r  (2b  row  i^)),  to  go 
against  the  stream,  to  suffer  a  politiw 
defeat. 


There  leaiman  stream  caBad  the  Salt  Bhar  in 
tnelqr.  noted  for  Ht  tortaoos  oomae  and  namcrone 
Tbe  pitfaae  b  applied  to  onearbo  bae  the  taak  of  psapeOInf 
tbeboataptbeitream:  but  in  poBHml  riing  It  JaappUai 
to  tbcee  wbo  are  **  lowad  up."— J" 


Salvage  Knight  (The),  air  Ar- 
Ih^al,  called  Artegal  from  bk.  ir.  6. 
The  hero  of  bk.  ▼.  (/iisMof).- 
Faery  QtMsn  (1596). 


8ALVAT0R  KOSA. 


865 


SAMIASA. 


Salva'tor  Boea  {The  Enalish}^  John 
Hamiltoii  Mortimer  (1741-1779;. 

Salvato're  (4  t^L)^  Salva'tor  Bosa, 
an  Italian  painter,  especially  noted  for 
hia  floenes  of  brigands,  etc.  (1616-1678). 

Bat.  trwaod  anon,  to  toothe  jroor  rhion, 
FfttisiMd  with  tlMse  beraditair  glorVMi, 
Ibera  rote  a  Gwlo  Dolce  or  •  TltlM. 
Or  wOder  groap  ofMiviige  8»lTstoi«*i. 

flirnM. />»«  yuan.  xUL  71  (UH)i 

8am^  a  eentleman,  the  friend  of 
Fimncireo. — ^fieaamont  and  Fletcher, 
Jfotu.  Thomas  (1619). 

Sam,  one  of  the  Know-Nothinffs  or 
Kattre  American  party.  One  of  '*  Uncle 
Sem*8  ^  eons. 

Sam  (Diokj^),  a  Iiverpo<d  man. 

Sam  {Uncle),  the  United  States  of 
North  America,  or  rather  the  government 
of  the  states  personified.  So  called  from 
Samuel  Wuson,  uncle  of  Ebenezer 
Wilson.  Ebenezer  was  inspector  of 
Elbert  Anderson^s  store  on  the  Hudson, 
and  Samuel  superintended  the  workmen. 
Hie  stores  were  marked  £*A.  U*S. 
("  Elbert  Anderson,  United  States'"),  but 
tb€  workmen  insisted  that  U'S.  stood 
for  «*  Unde  Sam.**--Mr.  Frost. 

8am  BUverquill,  one  of  the 
prisoners  at  Portanferry. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Quy  Mannermg  (time,  George  II.). 

Sean.  Weller,  senrant  of  Mr.  Pick- 
wick. The  impersonation  of  the  shrewd- 
ness, anaint  humour,  and  best  qualities 
of  cockney  low  life. — C.  Dickens,  The 
Pickwick  Fapert  (1836). 

Sa'mael  (d  sy/.),  the  prince  of 
demons,  who,  in  the  guise  of  a  serpent, 
lempted  Eve  in  paradise.    (See  Samiel.) 

flam  and  al,  the  largest  and  most 
powerful  of  the  under-sea  empires.  The 
inhabitants  of  these  empires  live  under 
water  without  being  wetted ;  transport 
themselves  instantaneously  from  place 
to  place ;  can  live  on  our  earth  or  in  the 
Island  of  tilie  Moon  ;  are  great  sorcerers ; 
and  speak  the  language  of  *' Solomon's 
%i»L''''ArabianNipU8  (**Beder  and  Giau- 
hare**). 

Samarcand  Apple,  a  perfect 
panacea  of  all  diseases.  It  was  bought 
by  prince  Ahmed,  and  was  instrumental 
in  restoring  Nonronn'nihar  to  perfect 
health,  although  at  the  very  pomt  of 
death. 


slinply  to  nmke  the  ilck  penon  ■pdl 


■V  thsN  ii  no  IStttttBt  bowcfcr  pdBfU  or 
irlMdier  term,  plealqr.  idaooe.  or  any  other 
;  ftotttwOl iMlMtIr  oare;  endttiet  la  dtoeuiert 


posrible  «•/:  it  to sfan; 
Baaoo"). 

Bam'beniteB  [Sam^be.neet  tl.perioYis 
dressed  in  the  acmbenlto,  a  yellow  coat 
without  sleeves,  having  devils  painted 
on  it.  The  sambenito  was  worn  by 
<*  heretics  "  on  their  way  to  execution. 

And  Uovus  Qp  r  the  open  ftimta, 
Dbsutoad  iB  nuDpa,  Uke  ■unbeniteL 

&  Butkr.  auMtrat,  IM.  S  0878). 

Sambo*  any  male  of  the  negro  race. 

No  mce  bag  iboini  neb  eepebiUtlei  of  adaptation  to 
varying  iofl  and  dreunntanees  as  the  neRio.  Alike  to 
them  the  eaowa  of  Canada,  the  rocky  land  of  Nev  Bng- 
land  or  the  goneoas  proftadon  of  the  douthern  States 
Sambo  and  Oanr  expand  under  them  aH— H.  Beeeber 
Stmra. 

Sam'erl  (Al),  the  proselyte  who 
east  the  golden  calf  at  the  bidding  of 
Aaron.  After  he  had  made  it,  he  took 
up  some  dust  on  which  Gabriers  hors^ 
had  set  its  feet,  threw  it  into  the  calf  s 
mouth,  and  immediately  the  calf  became 
animated  and  began  to  low.  Al  Bei- 
d&wi  says  that  Al  SAmeri  was  not  really 
a  proper  name,  but  that  the  real  name  o'f 
the  artificer  was  M0sa  ebn  Dhafar.  Sel- 
den  says  Al  S&meri  means  **the  keeper," 
and  that  Aaron  was  so  called,  because  he 
was  the  keeper  or  **  guardian  of  the 
people."— Selden,  De  Dm  Sj/rie,  i.  4  (see 
Al  iCoran,  ii.  notes). 

Sa'mian  {The  Long-Haired),  Tyihti^ 
goras  or  Budda  Ghooroos,  a  native  of 
Bamos  (sixth  century*  B.C.). 

Samian  He'ra.  Hera  or  Herd,  wife 
of  Zeus,  was  bom  at  Samos.  She  was 
worshipped  in  Egypt  as  well  as  in 
Greece. 

Bamian  Iietter  {The),  the  letter  T, 
used  by  Pythagoras  as  an  emblem  of  the 
path  of  virtue  and  of  vice.  Virtue  is 
like  the  stem  of  the  letter.  Once  deviated 
from,  the  further  the  lines  are  extended 
the  wider  the  divergence  becomes. 

When  leaeon.  dooUftd.  Mkethe  Bnohm  ietler. 
PoiatihlB«vow«yi.  tiie  narrower  the  better. 

Pope.  The  Duneiad,  Ir.  (174SI). 
Bt  tlbi  qiM  SamSoa  didmlt  llterm  ranroe. 

PerMne.  SaUrm, 

Samian  Sa^  (The),  Pythagoras, 
bom  at  Samos  (sixth  century  B.O.). 

Til  enough 
In  tbli  late  age.  adrcntaroua  to  bare  tooched 
Light  on  the  numben  of  the  Samian  Sage. 

Ibomeoa. 

Samias'a,  a  seraph,  in  love  with 
AhoUba'mah  the  granddaughter  of  Cain, 
When  the  Flood  came,  the  serai^  carried 
off  his  innamorata  to  another  planet. — 
Byron,  Heaven  and  Earth  (1819). 


8AMIEL. 


806 


SANCHA* 


the  Black  HantoniAB  of  the 
Wolf*  Glefi,  who  gave  to  Dcr  Freucfatttx 
■ereii  balls,  six  of  which  were  to  hit 
wbaterer  the  marfcsniaii  aimed  at,  bat 
the  serenth  was  to  be  at  the  dispoMl  of 
AamieL  (See  Samael.) — Weber,  Der 
Freitck&tx  (Ubratto  by  Kind,  1822). 

Samiel  Wind  ( The),  the  simoom. 


jMtb«aMi2dwtaMl. 
T.  Moon,  LaOa  Mtckk,  i.  (1817). 

Samient,  the  female  ambassador  of 
ouecn  MerciUa  to  queen  Adicia  (wife  of 
nie  soldan).  Adicia  treated  her  with 
great  contumely,  thrust  her  out  of  doors, 
and  induced  two  knights  to  insult  her; 
but  sir  Artegal,  coming  np,  drove  at  one 
oi  the  namannerly  knights  with  such 
fary  as  to  knock  him  from  his  horse  and 
break  his  neck. — Spenser,  Fairy  Qmetiy 
V.  (15»6). 

(This  refers  to  the  treatment  of  the 
deputies  sent  by  the  states  of  Holland  to 
Spain  for  the  redress  of  grievances. 
Philip  ("the  soldan")  deUined  the 
deputies  as  prisoners,  disregarding  the 
sacred  rights  of  their  oflioe  as  ambas- 
sadors.) 

Bam'ite  (2  syl,)^  a  very  rich  silk, 
sometimes  interwoven  with  gold  or  silver 
thread. 


ll4M  ap  from  the  bomm  of  tlM  hk% 
CtoUMi  io  wbHa  auulu. 

Tamgnoa,  Mwrtm  ^Ar^mtr  (18BBV 

Bam'mai  the  demoniac  that  John 
"  the  Beloved  "  could  not  exorcise.  Jesns, 
coming  from  the  Mount  of  Olives,  re- 
buked Satan,  who  quitted  "  the  possessed," 
and  left  him  in  hisngfat  mind. — Klopstock, 
The  Messiah,  ii.  (1748). 

Sam'oed  Shore  {Tie),  Samoi'eOa  is 

a  province  of  MuscOvy,  contiguous  to  the 

Frozen  Sea. 

New.  fhm  th«  north 
Of  Nfmitnicsm  and  the  Aiiiioed  ihora,  .  .  . 
BoTMi  aad  Omim  .  .  .  rtiMl  the  woods,  aad  •«■  uBtvni. 
MiHon.  PmratUm  Imt,  s.  CBS  (!«»). 

Sampson,  one  of  Oapnlet*s  servants. 
— SbakeMpeare,  Jiomcoand  Juliet  {{b97), 

Samp^aon,  a  foolish  advocate,  kinsman 
of  judge  Vertaigne  (2  s^H.— Beaumont 
and  Fletcher,  The  Little  French  Lawuer 
(1647). 

Sampson  (Dominie)  or  Abel  Sampson, 
tutor  to  Harry  Bertram  son  of  the  laird  of 
Ellangowan.  One  of  the  best  creations 
of  romance.  His  favourite  exclamation 
is  '*  Prodigious!"  Dominie  Sampson  is 
very  learned,  simple,  and  green.  Sir 
Walter  describes  him  as  *'a  poor,  modest, 


humble  sdiobr,  who  had  won  his  way 
through  the  classics,  tint  fallen  to  tfaele^ 
ward  in  the  Toya|^  of  life." — Sir  W. 
Seott,  Gujf  Mamnermg  (time,  Geoige  II.). 


Hk 


Sampson  (George),  a  friend  of  tb« 
Wilfer  famUy.  He  adored  Bella  Wilfer, 
bat  married  her  yonngesi  sirtcr  Lavinim. 
--C.  Diekena,  Our  MuimU  Fnemd  (1864). 

Samson  ( The  British),  Thonns  Top- 
ham  (1710-1749). 

Samson  A^nistes  (4  sy/.),  "  Sam- 
son the  0>mbatant,"  a  sacred  drama  by 
Hilton,  showing  Samson  blinded  aiMi 
boimd,  but  triumphant  over  his  enemies, 
whD  sent  for  him  to  make  sport  by  feats 
of  strengtii  on  the  feast  of  Dagoa. 
Having  amused  the  multitude  for  a  time, 
he  WAS  allowed  to  rest  awhile  againnt 
the  **  grand  stand,"  and,  twining  his  arms 
round  two  of  the  supporting  pUlars,  be 
palled  the  whole  edifice  down,  and  died 
himself  in  the  general  devastation  (1632). 

Samson's  Crown*  an  achievement 
of  great  renown,  which  costs  the  life  of 
the  doer  thereof.  Samson*s  greatest  ex- 
ploit was  pulling  down  the  ''grand 
stand "  occupied  by  the  chief  magnates 
of  Philistia  at  the  feast  of  Dagon.  By 
this  deed,  '*  he  slew  at  his  death  mc»re  than 
\cUr\  they  which  he  slew  in  his  life."-— 
ts  xvi.  30. 


Judyet 


And  bf  •eif-nda  wek  «  Bmmma'-a  < 
Lord  Brooke,  /nf  Ni«li«en  up^n  Frnm*,  ««e.  (U6i-ltH|L, 

San  Ben'ito,  a  short  linen  dross, 
with  demons  painted  on  it,  worn  by  per- 
sons condemned  by  the  Inquisition. 

Pbr  MMne  tbne  tho  **tf»)tor  NewMui**  wai  aihaiwb 
panded  In  biquUtorial  m«  *«Mi(e  bif  on  the  enUthteaea 
pubHc— 1.  Yatee.  CtlttrUim.  xxU. 

San  Bris  (Cunted!),  ftttherof  Yalen- 
ti'na.  During  the  Bartholomew  slaughter, 
his  daughter  and  her  husband  (llaoul) 
were  boUi  shot  by  a  party  of  musketeers, 
under  the  count's  command. — Meyerbeer, 
Les  /lutjuenots  (opera,  1836). 

Sanoha,  daughter  of  Garcias  king  of 
Navarre,  and  wife  of  Feman  Gonsales 
of  Castile.  Sancha  twice  saved  the  life 
of  her  husband:  when  he  was  cast  into 
a  dungeon  by  some  personal  enemies  who 
waylaid  him,  she  liberated  him  by  bribing 
the  jailer  ;  and  when  he  was  inoircerated 
at  Leon,  she  effected  his  escape  by  changin^^ 
clothes  with  him. 

The  countess  of  Nithsdale  effected  Oie 
escape  of  her  husband  from  the  Tower,  in 
1716,  by  changing  clothes  with  him. 


sAMumsz  n. 


867 


SANGLIER. 


Tbe  ooontMS  de  Laymlette,  in  1815, 
lib«imted  her  hasbaiid,  under  sentence  of 
death,  in  the  nme  wmv ;  bat  the  terror  she 
suffered  so  affected  her  nervous  system 
that  she  lost  her  senses,  and  nerer  after- 
wards recovered  them. 

San'ches  ILof  Castile  was  killed  at 
the  batae  of  Zamo'ra,  1065. 


It  WM  wtwn  bimva  king  SmmIms 
Wm  before  Zamon  slwi. 

8ailobi'<m»  eldest  daughter  of  Sancho 
and  Teresa  Panza. — Cervantes,  Don 
QuixoU  (1605-15). 

'  Sancho  (1^0 >  ^  ^<^^  old  beau,  uncle 
to  Victoria.  '*  He  affects  the  misde- 
meanours of  a  youth,  hides  his  baldness 
with  amber  locks,  and  complains  of  tooth- 
ache, to  make  people  believe  that  bis  teeth 
tLT9  not  false  ones.**  Don  Sancho  '*  loves 
in  the  style  of  Roderigo  I.** — Mrs.  Cowley, 
A  Bold  Stroke  for  a  Husband  (1782). 

Banoho  Panaa,  the  's^mre  of  don 
Quixote.  A  short,  pot-beUied  peasant, 
with  plenty  of  shreirdness  and  good 
common  sense.  Ue  rode  upon  an  ass 
which  he  dearly  loved,  and  was  noted  for 
his  proverbs. 

Sancko  Panwa's  A$Sy  Dapple. 

Sancho  Fama's  Island-Ctty,  Barataiia, 
where  he  was  for  a  time  governor. 

Sancho  Fanzd'a  Wife,  Teresa JTCascajo] 
(pt.  II.  i.  5) ;  Maria  or  Mary  fGutierez] 
(pt.  II.  iv.  7) ;  Dame  Juana  [Gutierez' 
(pt.  I.  i.  7) ;  and  Joan  (pt,  I.  iv.  21). — 
Cervantes,  Don  Quixote  (1605-15). 

*«*  Tbe  model  [Mdnting  of  Sancho 
Panza  is  by  Leslie  ;  it  is  called  '*  Sancho 
and  the  Ducheas." 

Banchoni'athonor  Sakchomiatho. 
Kine  books  ascribed  to  this  author  were 
published  at  Bremen  in  1837.  The 
original  was  said  to  have  been  discovered 
in  the  convent  of  St.  Maria  de  MerinhAo, 
by  colonel  Pereira,  a  Portuguese ;  but  it 
was  soon  ascertained  that  no  such  convent 
existed,  that  there  was  no  colonel  of  the 
name  of  Pereira  in  the  Portuguese  service, 
and  that  the  paper  bore  the  water-mark 
of  the  Osnabrttck  paper-mills.     (See  In- 

rOSTORS,  LiTKBART.) 

8anct-Cyr  {Hvgh  de),  tiie  seneschal 
of  king  Ren<f,  at  Aix.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Anne  o/  Qeierstein  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Sauoy  Diamond  {The)  weighs  58| 
carats,  and  belonged  to  Charles  **the 
Bold**  of  BurgunaV.  It  was  bought,  in 
-1496, 1^  Enmanuei  of  Portugal,  and  was 
sold,  in  1580,  by  don  Antonio  to  the  sieur 


deSancy,  in  whose  fiimily  it  remained  for 
a  century.  The  sieur  deposited  it  with 
Henri  IV.  as  a  security  for  a  loan  of  money. 
The  servant  entrusted  with  it,  being 
attacked  by  robbers,  swallowed  it,  and 
being  murdered,  the  diamond  was  re- 
covered by  Nicnolas  de^Harlay.  We 
next  hear  of  it  in  the  possession  of 
James  II.  of  England,  who  carried  it  with 
him  in  his  flight,  in  1688.  'Louis  XIY. 
bought  it  of  him  for  £25,q6o.  It  was 
sold  in  the  Revolution;  Nwoleon  I.  re- 
bongfat  it;  in  1825  it  was/^old  to  Paul 
Demidoff  for  £80,000.  Ilie  prince  sold 
it,  in  1880,  to  M.  Levrat,  idrainistrator  of 
the  Mining  Society ;  but  'as  Levrat  failed 
in  his  engagement,  the  diamond  became, 
in  1882,  the  subject  of  a  lawsuit,  which 
was  riven  in  favour  of  the  prince.  Wa 
next  near  of  it  in  Boi^bay ;  in  1867  it 
was  transmitted  to  En 


of  Forbes  and  Co.  ;  in  11 


land  by  the  firm 

3  it  formed  part 

worn  by  Mary  of 

ewith 

the  in- 


m 


of  "the crown  necklace 

Sacfaaen  Altenbarg  on 

Albert  of  Prussia;  in 

vestiture   of   the  Star  of   India  by  the 

erince  of  Wales,  in  Calcutta,  Dr.  W.  H. 
nssell  tells  us  it  was  worn  as  a  pendant 
by  the  maharajah  of  Puttiala. 

*^»  Streeter,  in  his  book  of  Precious 
Stones  and  Gems,  120  (1877),  tells  us  it 
belongs  to  the  czar  of  Russia,  but  if  Dr. 
Russdl  is  correct,  it  must  have  been  sold 
to  the  maharajah. 

Sand  (Oeorffe).  Her  birth  name  was 
Amantine  Lucile  Aurore  Dupin,  after- 
wards Dudevant  (1804-1877). 

Sand-Baff.  Only  knights  were  al- 
lowed to  fight  with  lance  and  sword  ; 
meaner  men  used  an  ebon  staff,  to  one  end 
of  which  was  fastened  a  sand-bag. 

Bagrwed  witii  moncjr-lMa.  M  bold 
aa MMi  vllh  WMl-hMdld  of  chL 

San'dabar,  an  Arabian  writer,  abont 
a  oentnrv  before  the  Christian  era,  famoua 
for  his  Parabies, 


It  WM  I— o»ni  iM  cmM  aqr 
TW  PmrmU^  of  flamtahf . 
LoosMlow,  Tk»  Wm^tldt  Imm  (pnhkte,  ISSQ. 

Sanden,  the  great  palace  of  king  Lion, 
in  the  beast^pio  of  Jieynard  tKe  Fox 
(1498). 

Sandford  {Harry),  the  companion  of 
Tommy  Merton. — Thomas  Day.  History 
of  Sandford  and  Merton  (1788-»). 

San'eXamore  (3  ^/.).  the  sword  of 
Braggaoochio. — Spenaer,  I^MBry  Queen,  iii. 
(1690). 

Sanglier  (Sir),  a  knight  who  insistfld 


8ANGUEB  DSS  AKDEN'NES. 


„   „  ■  with  A  <qiutt|  mi 

when  tba  udf  objected,  he  cut  eS  hei 
head,  >Bd  rode  off  with  the  •qnirc'i  wita. 
IWhiK    bran^U   before  lii    AiUgel,   *v 

wu  hi*  wife,  end  Uut  the  deed  womea 
WM  Oa  sqHiR'i  vife.  Sir  Artcpei  ceiB> 
meiided  Uiet  the  living  end  deed  vcneev 
ibould  both  be  cut  in  tweia,  and  half  of 
eech  be  given  to  tlie  two  Utiganla.  Ta 
thin  lir  aau^liec  gladly  aiuDUdt  bat 
the  equiie  objected,  deduing  it  waold  be 
fcr  betlei  to  g^"'  ''—  '--'-  '"  "-'  '----'-•■ 
than  that  ebe 
thii,  lii  Aitegal 
woniBQ  tu  be  the  eqi 
dead  one  to  be  the  koit^t'*^— Spenser, 
Faerg  Qiueii,  t.  1  (1&B6}. 
("Sit  SeiwUer''  u  » 
O'Neil,  leader  af  the  Irii 
1S67.  Of  conrae,  thi)  iidKnent'ia  bor. 
rowed  from  that  nf  Solemon,  1  £mgt 
'l  19-87.) 


hvii« 


t  for  Sbeo 


ladMde  U  Kank  (14M'Uet). 

SwDEVUIlt  Saaogreal,  tte.,  Ktne- 
nUy  Mid  to  be  the  boTj  pUte  boa  wbtoh 
Chnit  Bte  Btthe  Last  Supper,  broo^  ta 
Englaod  by  3o«eiih  of  Anmithy.  What- 
ever it  wu,  it  appeariMl  to  king  Arthar 
and  hia  150  knitthte  of  tOie  Round  Table, 
bnt  auddenly  viniahed,  and  ill  the  knigbl* 
lowed  Chey  woDid  go  in  qneat  thereoL 


)nly  thi 
irOalali 


fonid  it,  and  onl;  sir  Gala- 
Kaed  it,  bat  he  soon  died,  asd 
line  bj  aneels  ap  into  hearen. 
nnaal  cl  Aitiioneo  mnaiica  is 
.ish"  conlainiDs  Christ  traoaab- 


Gniot's  tale  of  TThrd  foander  af 
Graai-bnig,  end  Partnal  prince  thereof, 

beloDga  to  the  twelfth  cmtgry. 

Wolfnun  Ton  Eschenbach,  a  nunse- 
sinetl,  took  Gniot'i  tale  as  Ui<  foBodalioii 
of  hii  poem  (thirtreolh  eentniy). 

In  hfuref  tlu  Toumgir  the  nbject  ii 
Terr  folly  treated. 

Sir  T.  Malory  0a  pt.  tii.  of  tb*  Biitarg 
of  Prvvx  Arthur,  translated  in  H70  from 


Bawk«rbaaa 


K.S. 


of  tlu  JMn  Oraal. 

Sangra'do  iDactar},  at  TalladoUd. 
This  is  tie  "Sa^nedo"  at  Es|iJDd'e  *&• 
Diaooe  called  Jfircos  d<  06>woR.  "Tka 
doctor  wu  a  tall,  mewR,  pak  mac,  vba 
bad  kept  the  iheaiaof  Qottio  em  played  for 
folly  years  at  Iceat.  HehadaTeiy  solaoni 
appearance,  weighed  hie  diecaane,  and 
Dsed  'great  pomp  of  words.'  His  reasoD- 
inge  were  fceometrical,  and  his  opiniont 
hil  own."  Dr.  Sangiado  considered  tbet 
blood  was  not  needful  for  life,  and  that 
hot  wBl«  eoold  not  lie  edminigtered  too 
plentirotly  kito  the  system.  Gil  Btaa 
became  hie  servant  and  popil,  end  was 


allowed  to  drink  any  qnantiu  of  1 
bat  to  eat  only  apariD^y  of  baana, 
•ad  Rtewcd  apples. 


peaa. 


ibia'llirtiM  tomiM  ItBi'MMSilnnUiiaiisliiJil 
■dS  mite  IkiKdrliitnrBnM.-UaAMiUirJiL 

Di.  Haneoek  prescribed  cold  water  and 
■tewed  prvnee. 

Dt.  Beaio  et  Baiataria  allowed  SmuAo 
PaiuB  la  eat  "a  few  waftn  smI  a  tluD 
alios  or  two  of  qniaoe.'' — fhani*M.  XkM 


SAliJUL4»aBRIF« 


SANTIAGO  FOR  SPAIN. 


hornet    (See  p.  593.) 


the 


of 


%  Ihe  tcjr  wind  Of  death,  kept 
in  the  deepest  entrails  of  the  earth,  called 
in  Thakfba  **  SafBar.** 


ilbe 


Iqr  impU  dMBMili 


MihrtoBblbt 


an4  dna  Moctntod  the  tct^  ratniUi  of  the^vth.  when 
I  me  auav  or  " 


OTM). 


ity  vbd  d  dwthv-W.  Bockfocd. 


Sanactilottes  (fi  t.^/.),  a  lor,  rftf-mtf 
party  in  the  great  French  Revolutioa,  io 
shabby  in  dress  that  they  weve  termed 
'^the  tronser^kss."  The  cuhtts  is  the 
breechesv  called  brmck  by  the  ancient 
Gaols,  and  hmit$  4§  dUnnsw  is  the  niga 
of  Charles  IX. 

CkuMeolottism,  red  repablicaais^^ 
*r  the  iwsdntieiiary  platfom  tf  the  tians- 


««M  LooitXTI.  M  tl»o  IkroM^ 
tio  ■ffllhtioM  haadtoT  HiMOi 


LUerarjf  SantcutatUsm^  literature  of  a 
low  character,  like  that  of  the  **  Minerva 
Press,"  the  "  Leipsic  Fair,"  "  Hollj-well 
Street,*"  "  Grab  Street,**  and  se  en. 

Sansfoy,  a  ^'ftuthless  Saracen,'*  who 
attacked  the  Red  Cross  Knight,  but  Was 
slain  by  hisd.  "He  eared  for  neither 
God  nor  man."  Sansfoy  personifies  in- 
fidelity. 


faUkwSi«ria*aiMl< 

MMlcuid  not  (or  God  or  iMUi  a  point. 

BinuMr,  iMvy  ^wmm.  1. 3  (UM). 

8aiU|io7»  brother  of  Sansfoy.  When 
he  came  to  the  court  of  LucifSra,  he 
noticed  the  shield  of  Sansfoy  on  the  ana 
of  the  Bed  Cross  Knight,  and  his  rage 
was  so  great  that  he  was  with  dificnuy 
restrained  from  running  on  the  chjunpioa 
there  and  th^,  but  Lucifera  ImuIc  him 
defer  the  eenbat  to  the  foltowtng  dav. 
Next  day,  the  flcht  began,  but  just  as  mt 
Red  Crest  Kni^t  was  abont  to  deal  hit 
adverHRy  a  death-blow,  Saasjoy  was 
enveloped  in  a  thick  cloud,  and  carried 
•ff  in  the  chariot  of  Night  to  the  infernal 
Mglons,  where  iCsealapitts  healed  him  of 
his  wounds. — Spenser,  Fairy  Qmoen^  i.  4, 
6  (1690). 

(The  reader  will  doubtless  call  to  mind 
the  combat  of  MenalAos  and  Paris,  and 
remember  how  the  Trojan  was  invested 
in  a  cloud  and  carried  off  bv  Venus  under 
similar  eiroamstances.  ^  Homer,  Iliad. 
m.) 

SaOBloy  {'' t¥per^it¥m''\,  the  brother 
•f  Saaafoy  aad  Saasjoy.  He  carried  eff 
Una  to   the  wiideraesi,  but  when   the 


xams  and  salym  came  %9  her  icstue,  he 
saved  himself  by  fliglit. 

*«*  The  meaning  of  this  allegory  is 
this:  Una  {trmth)^  sepamted  from  St. 
George  (Ao/ta^ss),  is  de«?eived  br  Hypo- 
crisy ;  and  immediately  tmth  joins 
hypocrisy,  it  is  carried  away  by  supersti- 
tion.  Spenser  says  the  "simplicity  of 
truth**  abides  with  the  common  people, 
especially  of  the  rural  districts,  after 
It  is  lost  to  towns  and  the  luxurious 
great.     The   historical  reference   is   to 

Seen  Mary,  in  whose  reign  Una  {the 
^formaHvn^)  was  carried  captive,  and 
teligiofi)  beiR^  mixed  np  with  hypocrisy, 
degenerated  into  supmtitios,  but  tne 
rwml  populatioa  adhered  te  ttie  sfaaplieity 
of  the  protestant  fisith. — Spenser,  Fairu 
Qmm,  L  2  (IMO). 

8ail0O9i0ttOy  a  GhristiaB  rq^ent  of 
Mecca,  vicegerent  of  (Charlemagne. — 
*^^-^   OrUmd^  Fniih9$9  {U4S^ 


BaTi«nwm>»  now  Saragtam^ 

8«ate  Oaca»  the  housi  oecvpled  by 
the  Virgin  Mary  at-  har  eoateptioa,  and 
removed,  in  1291,  from  Galilee  to  Lotetto. 

Santa  Klaus  (1  9yU),  the  Dutch 
same  ef  St.  Nicholas,  the  patron  saint 
of  boys. 

In  PUoden  and  Holkiid.  the  diOdiMi  pet  eat  tbelr 
■hoe  or  alooklog  on  ChrMniH  Bre.  in  th«  eoafldeuoe  that 
Stats  K1h>  or  Knecfat  Clebai  (m  ther  oB  trim)  wS  pat 
in  •  priM  for  sood  condoct  tnimt  ■MrBins.-»Y< 


Santiafro  r&mt.waA'^],  the  war- 
crv  of  Spam ;  adopted  beouise  Si»  James 
{aant  Jago)  rendered,  according  to  tradi- 
tion, signal  service  to  a  CThristhm  king  of 
Spain  in  a  battle  against  the  Moors. 

Bantfftgo  Ibr  Cfpain.  This  saint 
was  James,  son  of  Zebedee,  brother  of 
John.  He  was  bdteaded,  and  caught  his 
head  in  his  hands  as  it  ttiiL  The  Jews 
were  astonished,  bat  when  they  toached 
the  body  they  found  it  so  cold  that  their 
hands  and  arms  were  paralyzed. — Fran- 
cisco Xavier,  AMaks  4b  Oalicia  (1789). 

Santiaifo*8  Head,  When  Santiago  went 
to  Spaia  in  his  marble  ship,  be  nad  no 
head  on  his  bodv.  The  passage  took 
seven  da3n^  and  the  shin  was  steered  by 
the  **  presiding  hand  of  Providenee." — 
Emaila  SatfradOy  xx.  6. 

aarUutgo  had  tvpo  heads.  One  of  his 
beads  is  at  Braga,  and  one  at  Compo* 
Stella. 

*«*  John  the  Baptist  had  half  a  dosen 
heads  at  the  least,  and  as  many  bodies, 
all  capable  of  working  miracles. 

SoHtiagQ  kode   tkt  arwms  of 


8ANTON8. 


870 


SARDOIN  HSRB. 


Thirty-ei^t  initonci  of  Ihe  inteiferenoe 
of  this  samt  are  gmTelv  set  down  as  facta 
in  the  Chromdfs  of  QalidOy  aod  this  is 
superadded:  *' These  instances  are  well 
known,  bat  I  hold  it  for  certain  tiiat  the 
appearances  of  Santiago  in  onr  rictorioiis 
armies  have  been  much  more  numerous, 
and  in  ftucX  that  erery  victory  obtained 
by  the  Spaniards  has  been  really  achieved 
bj  this  great  captain.**  Once,  when  the 
nder  on  the  white  horse  was  asked  in 
battle  who  he  was,  he  distinctly  made 
answer,  **  I  am  the  soldier  of  the  King  of 
kings,  and  my  name  is  James/' — Don 
Miguel  Erce  Gimenez,  Artaaoi  i  Trwtnfot 
del  Heino  de  Oalida,  648-9. 

IhetnieBMMor  thbMlstiiwlMobo. .  .  .  W«  Im*« 
flnt  riHjrteMd  Saato  Jaeobo  lato  aamto  Jac'o.  We 
eUppMl  It  Mite  into  Sm^  Jmeo,  and  bjr  dmnnliic  tba  J 
Into  /  aad  tM  e  Into  jr.  we  Ret  Stmt'Imgo.  la  hMaehoU 
luune*  we  ooavert  lafo  into  l/tm^o  or  Mm^^,  wbleh  we 
•eftea  Into  /Mm*.  —  Aaikforio  4e  Mmaka,  Ofrmtcu 
tfMMroltfe  AvMda.  faL  7.  Met.  t  (UN). 

SantoniL  a  body  of  icligioiusta,  also 
called  AbdaiSf  who  pretended  to  be  in- 
spired wHii  tiie  most  enthusiastic  raptures 
o<  divine  love.  They  were  regarded  by 
the  vulgar  as  saints. — Olearius,  BeUebs^ 
ickrtilnmg,  i.  971  (1647). 

He  dhrerted  UmmU  with  the  nnmher  of  eelenien, 
loot,  and  dimrieei.  wIm  were  contliwally  c—»ing  and 


going.  b«t  CkiiedBllr  ^ith  the  BrabmiM.  fJufoin.  and 
otlier  cnthini«t/L  wii»  liad  travelled  fron  tito  heart  of 
India,  and  baited  on  their  wajr  with  the  caiir.-^Bcdtford. 
roMdk  (ITSi). 

Sapphi'ra,  a  female  Uta.—Acts  v.  1. 

She  la  oalled  Am  Tilh«e  8a|>phlrB.-aabbe. 

Sappho   (The  English),  Mrs.  Mary 
D.  R^mison  (1768-1800). 

The  li-ench),  MdUe.  8cad4n 


8a 


jppho  (J 
7-1701). 


(1607-1701) 

Sappho  (The  Scotch),  Catherine  Cock- 
bum  (1679-1749). 

Sapi^o  of  Touloufle,  Q^mence 
Isaure  (9  wi,),  who  instituted,  in  1490, 
Lew  Jeux  Moraux,  She  is  the  authoress 
of  a  beautiful  Ode  to  Spring  (1463-1618). 

ftftpayViiH^  a  raw  Toricshire  tike,  son 
of  squire  SapskuU  of  Sapsknll  HalL 
Sir  Penurious  Muckworm  wishes  him  to 
marry  his  niece  and  ward  Arbella,  but  as 
Arbella  loves  Gaylove  a  yoimg  barrister, 
the  tike  is  played  upon  thus :  Gaylove 
assumes  to  be  Muckworm,  and  his  lad 
Slango  dresses  up  as  a  woman  to  pass 
for  Arbella ;  and  while  SapskuU  "  mar- 
ries "  Slango,  Gaylove,  who  assumes  the 
dress  and  manners  of  the  Yorkshire  tike, 
marries  Arbella.  Of  course,  the  trick  is 
then  discovered,  and  SapskuU  returns  to 
the  home  of  his  father,  befooled  but  aot 


married.— Cany,  The  Bonett  7oHt$kit$- 

man  (1786). 

Saraoen  (A),  in  Arthurian  romance, 
means  any  unbajytized  person,  regardless 
of  nationaUty.  Thus,  Priamus  of  Tua- 
cany  is  caUed  a  Saracen  (pc  i.  96, 97) ;  so 
is  sir  Palomides,  simply  because  he 
refused  to  be  baptized  tiU  he  had  dooe 
some  noble  deed  (pt.  ii.).— Sir  T.  Haloiy, 
Bistory  of  Prince  Arthur  (1470). 

Saragoflsa^  •  comption  of  Cnsarf^ 
Augusta.  The  dty  was  reboilt  by  Au- 
gustus, and  called  after  his  name.  Ita 
former  name  was  Saldoba  or  Saldy va. 

SaragosM  (  TheJfaidof),  AngustinaZara* 
goasa  or  Saivgoza,  who,  in  1808,  when  tiie 
dty  was  invested  by  the  French,  mounted 
the  battery  in  the  place  of  her  lov«r  who 
had  been  shot.  Lord  Byron  says,  when  he 
was  at  Seville,  **  the  maid**  used  to  walk 
daily  on  the  prado,  decorated  with  mcdala 
and  orders,  by  command  of  the  innta. — 
Southey,  JaiOory  of  ths  Peninsular  War 
(1832). 

Her  lover  rfnka— rite  rfiedi  no  Hl-ttmad 
Her  cMef  li  rialM— *e  aib  hk  fctal 
Her  fellow*  See— rile  checks  tlwlr  baM 


.  .  .  the  fljinc  Gaul. 
FoOed  bgr  a  woman'e  haad  before  a  battaffied  wan. 
artm.  OWMi  AareM.  i.  MaMtl. 

Sardanapalos,  kin^  of  Nineveh 
and  Assyria,  noted  for  his  luxury  and 
voluptuousness.  Arbfto§s  the  Mede 
conspired  against  him,  and  defeated  him  ; 
whereupon  his  favourite  slave  Myirm 
induced  him  to  immolate  himsdf  on  • 
funeral  pile.  The  beautiful  slave,  having 
set  fire  to  the  pile,  jumped  into  the 
Mazing  mass,  ana  was  burnt  to  death 
with  tiie  king  her  master  (b.c.  817). — 
Byron,  Sardanapaint  (1819). 

SardanapaluB  of  China  (TV), 
Cheo-tsin,  who  shut  himself  up  in  his  palace 
with  his  Queen,  and  then  set  fire  to  the 
building,  tnat  he  might  not  fall  into  the 
hands  of  Woo-wong  (b.c.  1164-1122). 

JCheo-tsin   invented    the    chopsticks, 
I    Woo-wong    fonnded    the    Tchow 
dynasty.) 

Sardanapalus  of  Qermany 
{The),  Wenceslas  VI.  (or  IV.)  king  of 
Bohemia  and  emperor  of  Germany  (1369, 
1878-1419). 

Sardoin  Herb  (The),  the  kerha 
Sardon'ia  ;  so  caUed  from  Sardis,  in  Asia 
Minor.  It  is  so  acrid  as  to  produce  a 
convulsive  spasm  of  the  face  resembling 
a  grin.  Phineas  Fletcher  says  the  device 
on  the  shield  of  Flattery  is : 


SARDONIAN  SMILE. 


871 


SATURDAY. 


Tbtt  Jhrdrtn  h«rb  . .  .  Um  wofd  [motto}  **  I  pican  In 


Seurdonian  Smile  or  Orin,  a 
smile  of  contempt.  Byron  expresses  it 
when  he  says :  "  There  was  a  laughing 
devil  in  his  sneer." 

Bat  whm  the  Tlllala  mw  her  m  aftald. 
He  'fan  wtth  fnUefal  wocdi  her  to  pennadt 
To  baaith  tmr,  aod  with  Sardonian  smile 
Laogliing  at  her.  his  fdae  Intent  to  ibade. 

Speonr.  #to*y  ««eem  r.  8  (UB6}l 

Sarma'tia,  Poland,  the  country  of 
the  Sarmate.  In  1795  Poland  was 
partitioned  between  Russia,  Prussia,  and 
Austria. 

Ob.  Moodfett  pietnra  la  Am  book  of  Tfme ! 
BwBUMla  Ml  anawpt.  wUhout  a  crime. 
Jfomid  aot  a  fleMnwi  Mend,  a  pitjrli«  feai 
SHaogtb  In  her  arm*,  aor  mercy  la  her  awa, 

ChmpbeU.  Floamtm  ikf  Hope,  i.  (I7»y. 


Bar'ra  {Oram  of),  Tyrian  dye;   so 

called  from  awrra  or  mr^  the  fish  whose 

blood  the  men  of    Tyre  nsed  in  their 

purple  dye.^Virgil,  QeorgioH^  ii.  606. 

▲  mfittaiTTaatof  purpla  . . 
Ibellertbaa  .  .  .  the  grain 

or  flana,  worn  by  kings  and  heroes  old 
In  time  of  truee. 

£oa(.  il.  MS  (IMS). 


Sarsar,  tiie  icy  wind  of  death,  called 
in  FoiAeA  "  Sansar." 


The  Sanar  from  Its  vomb  went  fortt. 
The  Icy  viad  ct  death. 
Soitbey.  Thmiaba  tho  Dootrofor,  I  44  (17J7). 

Sassenach,  a  Saxon,  an  Englishman. 
(Welsh,  Mesonig  adj.  and  aaesontad  noun.) 

I  would.  H  I  thoogbt  I'd  be  able  to  catdi  some  oT  the 
"-  In  Undoa.— Kevy  #kr  ITseC  h 


Satan,  according  to  the  Talmud,  was 
once  an  archangel,  but  was  cast  out  of 
heaven  with  one-third  of  the  celestial  host 
for  refusing  to  do  reverence  to  Adam. 

In  medieval  m}rtholog^,  Satan  holds 
the  fifth  rank  of  the  nine  demoniacal 
orders. 

Johan  Wier,  m  his  De  FraHigm 
Ikmcnwn  (1564),  makes  Beelzebub  the 
sovereign  of  hell,  and  Satan  leader  of 
the  opposition. 

In  l^pendary  lore,  Satan  is  drawn  with 
horns  and  a  tail,  saucer  eyes,  and  claws ; 
bat  Milton  makes  him  a  proud,  selfish, 
Mnbitioos  chief,  of  gigantic  size,  beauti- 
ful, daring,  and  commanding.  He  de- 
clares his  opinion  that  ***tis  better  to 
reign  in  hell  than  serve  in  heaven." 
Defoe  has  written  a  Political  History  of 
the  JkvU  {i72Q).  ^ 

Satan,  according  to  Milton,  monarch  of 
helL  His  chief  lords  are  Beelzebub, 
Moloch,  Chemos,  Thammuz,  l>agon, 
Rimmon,  and  Belial.  His  standard- 
bearer,  Azaz'el. 


» 


He  [SoMnl  above  the  rest 
In  riuM  and  fBsUn«  nroodly  eminent. 
Stood  like  a  tower.    His  form  had  not  r«t  krt 
All  her  wiginal  bririituem ;  nor  appeared 
Lea  than  archanod  mined,  and  the  eioess 
Of  gloty  obscured  .  .  .  but  his  fnoe 
Deep  seen  of  thunder  had  intrendiad.  and  care 
Sat  on  his  Med  cheek  .  .  .  cmel  his  eye.  but  cast 
Signs  of  remone. 

Milton.  ParadtMe  Loot,  L  880.  etc  UttS). 

*«*  The  word  Satan  means  **  enemy  ; 
hence  Milton  says : 

To  whom  the  arch-enemy, 
.  .  .  fai  heaven  called  Satan. 

/>cr(MUw£ee(,  LSI  (108^ 

Satanic  School  {The),  a  class  of 
writers  in  the  earlier  part  of  the  nine- 
teenth eentury,  who  showed  a  scorn  for 
all  moral  rules,  and  the  generally  received 
dogmas  of  the  Christian  religion.  The 
most  eminent  English  writers  of  this 
school  were  Bulwer  (afterwards  lord 
Lytton),  Byron,  Moore,  and  P.  B.  Shelley. 
Of  French  writers :  Paul  de  Kock,  Rous- 
seau, George  Sand,  and  Victor  Hugo. 

ImBMwal  writers  .  .  .  men  of  dlwassd  hearts  and  da- 
prared  hnaginaHons.  who  (formhig  a  qrstera  of  opinions 
to  salt  their  own  unhappy  course  of  conduct)  hare 
rebelled  against  tbe  holiest  ordlnaneei  of  human  society, 
and  hating  revelaUon  which  thaty  try  in  rain  todidMUera. 
labour  to  make  othen  as  miserable  as  themaalree.  by 
Inferting  them  with  a  aiorai  vims  that  eats  Into  their 
seal.  Tbe  school  which  they  have  set  op  may  proMtar  be 
caned  "  The  Satanic  Schooi.''-^outhay,  FMon  of  Judg- 
:  (preCsoe.  182S). 


Satire  (Father  of),  ArchUOehos  of 
Paros  (b.c.  seventh  century). 

Satire  {Father  of  French),  Mathurin 
Regnier  (1673-1613). 

Satire  (Father  of  Soman),  LuciUus 
(B.C.  143-108). 

Satiro-mastiz  or  The  Uhtrussing 
of  the  Humorous  Poet,  a  comedy  by 
Thomas  Dekker  (1602).  Ben  Jonson,  in 
1601,  had  attacked  Dekker  in  The 
Poetaster,  where  he  calls  himself 
"Horace,"  and  Dekker  "  Cris'pmus." 
Next  year  (1602),  Dekker  replied  with 
spirit  to  this  attack,  in  a  comedy  entitled 
aatiro-^mastix,  where  Jonson  is  called 
"  Horace,  junior." 

Saturday.  To  the  following  Knglish 
sovereigns  from  the  establishment  of  the 
Tudor  d3masty,  Saturday  has  proved  a 
fatal  day : — 

Henry  VII.  died  Saturday,  April  21, 
1509. 

George  II.  died  Saturday,  October 
26,1760. 

George  III.  died  Saturday,  January 
29,  1820,  but  of  his  fifteen  chUdien  only 
three  died  on  a  Saturday. 

Gkoroe  IV.  died  Saturday,  June  26, 
1830,  but  the  princess  Charlotte  died  on  a 
Tuesday. 


8ATUKK. 


«72   SAVIOUR  or  THE  NATIONS. 


Prince  ALnsirr  died  S«tiird*y,  De- 
cember 14,  1861.  The  duchesii  of  Kent 
and  the  princess  Alice  also  died  on  a 
Saturday. 

***  William  III,,  Anne,  and  George  I. 
all  died  on  a  Sunday ;  William  IV.  on  a 
Tuesday. 

Saturn,  son  of  Heaven  and  Earth. 
He  always  swallowed  his  children  imme- 
diately they  were  bom,  till  his  wife 
Khea,  not  likiuj^  to  see  all  her  children 
perish,  concealed  from  him  the  birth  of 
Jupiter,  Neptune,  and  Pluto,  and  irave 
her  husband  lar^  stones  instead,  ^ich 
he  swallowed  withoot  knowing  Uie  dif- 
ference. 

Mqdi  M  oU  Butarn  ate  bk  yroffBT  : 

For  when  bii  ploos  eonsart  tun  him  itoDM 

io  Um  of  was,  of  Uien  be  nukto  no  boMc 

i^ron.  Jkm  Jmmm,  xhr.  1  (UHk. 

Bahumj  an  evil  and  malignant  planet. 

H*  to  •  gmlof  fun  of  gun.  an  anthor  bora  uiMfar  tb* 
■fauMC  Satorn,  a  maliokNNi  monaL  wboM  plwwfB  oootbta 
to batfaig all  tha world.— Ub^.  Oil  ma*,  r.  1»{\7U). 

The  cbildran  bora  undar  tbe  Hyd  Satnrna  AaU  bagraat 
IWelerw  and  cbyden  .  .  .  and  Umt  vUI  nevar  furgjrra 
Irfl  Ihef  ba  twanged  of  tberr  qtiareU.— fthoJomam, 
Oompott. 

Satyr.    T.  Woolner  calls  Qiariea  II. 
<  Charles  the  Satyr/* 

Mast  flared  Cbariai  Btjf»  Mtonialk 
or  Indjr  Bjnapfaa. 

*«*  The  most  famous  statue  of  the 
satyrs  is  that  by  PraxiUAds  of  Athena,  im 
the  fourth  centur}'. 

Satyrane  (Sir),  a  blunt  bat  noble 
knight,  who  helps  Una  to  escape  from  the 
fauns  and  satyrs. — Spenser,  Faery  Queeut 
1.(1590).       "^  '^ 

And  paarioo.  arai  nnknovn,  aoold  fala 
Itaa  braaii  of  bhint  dt  SatrnMia. 

BrW.lebtt. 

%•  **SiT  Satyrane**  is  meant  for  sir 
John  Perrot,  a  natural  son  of  Henry  YIII., 
and  lord  deputv  of  Ireland  from  1583  to 
1588 ;  but  m  1590  he  was  in  prison  in 
the  Tower  for  treason,  and  was  beheaded 
in  1593. 

Satjrr^oon,  a  comic  romance  in  Latin, 
by  Petro'nius  Arbiter,  in  the  first  century. 
Very  gross,  but  showing  great  power, 
beauty,  and  skill. 

Saul,  in  Dryden*fl  satire  of  Abwlom 
and  Achitophei,  is  meant  for  Oliver 
Cromwell.  As  Saul  persecuted  David 
and  drove  him  from  Jerusalem,  so  Crom- 
well persecuted  Charles  II.  and  drove 
him  from  England. 


\*  This 
kings. 


was  the  **  divine  ri^t "  o€ 


Cod  was  Uialr  Ung.  and  God  Uier  dunt  demaa. 

puXoan). 


groom  of  sir  Geoffrey 
Pevcril  of  the  Peak.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Fevcnl  of  the  Feak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Saunders  (Bichard),  the  pseodonrm  of 
Dr.  Fimnklin,  adopted  in  Poor  JUdkanti 
AlmanaCf  begun  in  1732. 

Saunders  Sweepdean,  a  king's 
messenger  at  Knockwinnock  Castle. — 
Sir  W.  Scott»  The  Antiquary  (time, 
Creorge  III.). 

Saunderson  (SauMders)y  butler,  etc, 
to  Mr.  Cosmo  Coroyne  Bradwaidine 
baron  of  Bradwardine  and  Tully  Yeolaa. 
—Sir  W.  Scott,  WaverUy  (time,  (>eorge 
II.). 

Saurid,  king  of  Egypt,  say  the  0>^ 
tites  (2  sy/.),  bnilt  £e  pyramids  300 
years  before  the  Flood,  ana,  according  to 
the  same  authoritv,  the  following  inscri[>- 
tion  was  engraved  upon  one  of  them : — 

L  Ung  flanrld.  boOt  Um  prraml^  .  .  . 
tiMMtealsjraan.    Ha  ttiat  ooaMa  aAar  om  .  .  .  let 
daetrof  Umb  In  tW  If  baeaa  ...  I  alio  ooreccd 
.  .  .  wltkaCln,aDdlatlilaaeof«rUMmwMi 
Oreavai,  ^gruwdd^grafkia  (aevenlaanth  emtoofU 

Saut  de  rAllemand  (le),  "dn 
lit  k  la  table,  et  de  U  table  an  lit.^* 

Of  Um  gods  1  but  adc 
llMl  my  HfH.  Hka  ttia  Leap  of  tte  Garauui.  mmr  ba 
"  Du  lit  4  la  tabte.  da  k  UMe  am  HI.* 

T.  Moore,  nu  r»idft  fkm4iM  in  Pmrit,  vfiL  (ISlsL 

Savage  (Captain),  a  naval 
mander. — Captain  Harryat,  Feter 
(1833). 

SavH,  steward  to  the  elder  Loveletsc 
— Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The  Scomfmi 
Lady  (1616). 

Savile  BoW  (London).  So  called 
from  Dorothy  Savile  the  great  heiress, 
who  became,  by  marriage,  countess  of 
Burlington  and  Cork.  (See  Clifford 
Stbkkt,  p.  197.) 

Sav'ille  (2  eylX  the  friend  of  Dori> 
court.  He  saves  lady  Frances  Touch- 
wood from  (Curtail,  and  frustrates  his 
infamous  designs  on  the  lady*s  hono«r.— - 
Mrs.  CSowley,  I%e  BeWs  Stratagem 
(1780). 

SavUle  (Lord)y  a  young  nobleman  with 
Chiffinch  (emissary  of  (Jharles  II.).— Sir 
W.  Scott,  FeoerU  of  the  Feak  (time, 
(Charles  IL). 

Saviour  of  Borne.  (X  MarTus  was 
so  called  after  the  overthrow  of  the  dmbri , 
Jnly  30,  B.C.  101. 

Saviour  of  the  If  atlons.   So  the 


com- 


3CAUX«t4HKLL. 


BaroT  <  TV),  k  pncidct  of  Ibe  Stnnd 
(LoadDDJ,  ia  whidi  the  Satoj  PbUc« 
MocmL  So  eallod  from  Ptlei  eul  of 
SsTov,  ■nel«  of  queen  FJtanor  tlie  wife 
of  HbU7  III.  Jiam  It  Bon  ot  Fruce, 
when  uptivs  of  Uk  BUck  Piincfl,  vh 
lodged  in  ttia  SaTOf  PaWc  (13M-9). 
llie  old  palkce  ttm  bunt  don  by  Iha 
rebelj  uniieT  Wm  T^lar  is  1381.  Heniy 
VII.  nbuilt  it  in  ISOa.  tH.  Mary  le 
itevn;,  or  the  "Chapel  of  St.  Jalu," 
■tiU  Maoda  ia  Ike  |ii«cihL 

Sawney,  a  comiptian  of  Sudie,  > 
contncted  form  ot  Alexnader.  S*vroer 
meus  a  Scutchmaa,  t  David  a  Welah- 
nu,  John  Boll  an  Engliihmaa,  coutid 
Michael  a  Gennati,  brotJ^er  Jonathan  a 
native  of  the  United  Stales  ot  N'oiili 
America,  Micain  a  FcenchmaD,  Colin 
TrnnpoD  a  Swih,  and  lo  on. 

BBwrer  (fiat),  ■  dinipated,  Mng- 
gling  jmmg  medieaJ  piactitJiiBer,  who 
ttioi  to  eM«biiah  ■  praetfc»  at  Bristol, 
hui  wtthiMrt  neWM.  San  Weller  e^b 
him  "Hi.  Sawbone*."— C.  Dtekena,  Tilt 
J-idiBict  Paperi  (1836). 


Thii 


-relond,**  "the  land  of  Ire^"  and  Du- 
eaage'i  "Saracen"  from  " Stirah,  Abra- 
bam'g  wife."  Of  a  similar  charailer  are 
"Albion  "from  aiBiu,  "white;"  "Picts" 
from  pictiu,  "painted;"  "Devonshire" 
trum  I>d>m-i  Aarei  "  Iile  of  Wi^ht" 
from  "  Wihtgar,  son  of  Cerdic;" 
"Britain"  from  Brutus,  a  descendant  of 
fnaa^  "  Scotland  "  ftum  ihutot,  "  dark- 
lieu;-<  "Gaul"  (the  French)  from 
gallua,  "■  eock;^  "ttablin,*  from 
\6[iiini]  ita[leiim],  "questionable linen," 


k,  DrajtoB  soya,  in  so  called  bom 
ao  uumiBent  o(  war  called  b^  the  tier- 
mans  AandMax.  The  ku  was  a  ihoit, 
etwked  iwoid. 


Saxon  Suk«  (TA*),  n. 

Butler  in  his  /Imbbrat,  wa<  John  Freda- 
rick  duke  of  SasDaf,  of  whom  Ckatic* 
V.   aaid,    "NsTK  saw  I  nuta  a  ivine 


Bbon  iJftm),  tb*  hen  «( 
by  C.  lladiei    ^181S),  the  I 


Soadder  (Oinwr-a/).  Kent  in  tiie 
oftiee  of  Ike  "Eden  Settlement."  Hia 
pecnliarity  conaisted  in  the  two  distinct 

■ —  of  his  profile,  for  *'onB  side 

-  "-tening  to  what  tke  othet 
;."— C.   Dickens,  ifortm 


d  to  be  listening 
was    doing.  "- 
tifaa  (lB4l). 


Bc&ldfl,  court  poeta  and  chroniclers  of 
theancieDtScaiidiaavians.  They  resided 
at  coqrt,  were  attached  to  Che  royal  suite, 
and  atModed  the  kiOR  ia  all  his  wan. 
lliey  also  acted  as  aaioaasadors  between 
hostile  tribes,  and  their  pettons  were  held 
sacred.  These  barda  celebrated  in  sons 
the  gods,  the  kinirB  of  Norway,  and 
national  benes.  Their  lays  or  vyi»i 
were    compiled  in  tbe  eleventh  century 


eaUed  the  Elder  m  SItyt/mucal  Ed-la. 

Soallop-SheU  [The).  Every  dds 
knows  that  St.  James's  pilErirai  are  dis- 
tiot^uished  by  tcallup-BheUs,  but  it  ii  ■ 
blunder  to  suppose  that  other  pil^ma 
are  pricitcged  to  wear  them.  Three  of 
the  popes  have,  by  thar  bnlla,  dialinflfly 
confirmed  this  right  tti  the  Cenpoetella 
pilgrim  alone:  vii.,  pope  Alucander  111., 
pope  UreEoTy  IX.,  and  pnpe  Clement  V. 

Now,  Uie  escallop  or  scallop  is  ■  shell- 
fishj  like  an  oyster  or  large  cuckle;  bot 
Owillim  tells  ns  what  ignorant  zoologists 
have  emitted  to  mention,  that  the  bivalve 


8CALPING. 


874 


SGAPIN. 


is  ''engendered  solely  of  dew  and  air. 
It  has  no  blood  at  all ;  yet  no  food  that 
man  eats  turns  so  socmi  into  life-blood  as 
the  scallop."— />i«p/aiy  of  Heraldry,  171. 

8oaUop-$helU  used  by  Pilgrims,    The 
reason  why  the  scallop-shell  u  used  by 

{>ilgrims  is  not  generally  known.  The 
^^d  is  this:  When  the  marble  ship 
which  bore  the  headless  body  of  St. 
James  approached  Bouzas,  in  Portugal, 
it  happened  to  be  the  wedding  day  of 
the  chief  nMCTate  of  the  yilli^e ;  and 
while  the  bridal  party  was  at  sport,  the 
horse  of  the  bridegroom  became  un- 
manageable, and  plunged  into  the  sea. 
The  snip  passed  over  the  horse  and  its 
rider,  and  pursued  its  onward  course, 
when^  to  the  amazement  of  all,  the  horse 
and  its  rider  emerged  from  the  water 
uninjured,  and  the  cloak  of  the  rider  was 
thickly  covered  with  scallop-shells. 
All  were  dnmfounded,  and  knew  not 
what  to  make  of  these  marvels,  but  a 
voice  from  heaven  exclaimed,  **  It  is  the 
will  of  God  that  all  who  henceforth 
make  their  vows  to  St.  James,  and  go 
on  pilgrimage,  shall  take  with  Uiem 
scallop-shells ;  and  all  who  do  so  shall 
be  remembered  in  the  day  of  judgmenL*' 
On  hearing  this,  the  lord  of  the  village, 
with  the  bride  and  bridegroom,  were  duly 
baptized,  and  Bouzas  bMwme  a  Christian 
Church.  —  Sanctoral  Portugues  (copied 
into  the  Breviaries  of  Alcobofa  ana  St. 
Cucu/ate), 


'tJimtf, 


Cttoetli 

Bed  •  pruftHids  dodtiir ; 
Matut  R«gls  Mbmeiiitur, 
Total  plaoH  oenchilibut. 

b  ilgbt  «r  an  tte  piteot  vwt  dova, 

Inio  Uw  deM>  ••»  ddla ; 
111  right  of  an  the  priooe  eniMBied, 

Comad  wHfc  —Hor  ihaUi. 

BoalpingiSulesfor),  The  Cheyennes, 
in  scalping,  remove  from  the  part  just  over 
the  left  ear,  a  piece  of  skin  not  la^er  than 
a  silver  dollar.  The  Arrapahoes  take  a 
similar  piece  from  the  region  of  the  right 
ear.  Others  take  the  entire  skin  from 
the  crown  of  the  head,  the  forehead,  or 
the  nape  of  the  neck.  The  Utes  take  the 
entire  scalp  from  ear  to  ear,  and  from 
the  forehead  to  the  nape  of  the  neck. 

Soambister  (Eric),  the  old  bntler  of 
Magnus  Troil  the  ndaller  of  Zetland.— Sir 
W.  Scott,  ne  Pirate  (time,  William  III.). 

*«*  A  udaller  is  one  whoholds  his  lands 
by  allodial  tenure. 

Scandal,  a  male  charactei  In  Loce/or 
Love,  by  Congreve  (1696). 


Soamdal  (School  for),  a  eosMdj  hj 
Sheridan  (1777). 

Scanderbeg.  So  George  Owtriota,  an 
Albanian  hero,  was  called.  Amurath  II. 
gave  him  the  command  of  5000  men,  and 
such  was  his  daring  and  success,  that  be 
was  called  Skander  (Alejeander),  In  the 
battle  of  Morava  (1443),  he  deserted 
Amurath,  and,  joining  the  Albanians,  won 
several  battles  over  the  Turks.  At  the 
instigation  of  Pius  II.  beheaded  a  crusade 
against  them,  but  died  of  a  fever,  before 
Mahomet  II.  arrived  to  oppose  him  (1464- 
1467).  (Bmt  or  Bey  is  the  Turkish  for 
"prince.'^) 

Soanderveg^s  sword  needs  Soamderbefs 
arm,  Mahomet  II.  "the  Great"  re- 
quested to  see  the  scimitar  whidi  Georpe 
Castriota  used  so  successfully  against  the 
Ottomans  in  1461.  Being  shown  it,  and 
wholly  unable  to  draw  it,  he  pronounced 
the  weapon  to  be  a  hoax,  but  received  for 
answer,  *'  Scanderbeg*s  sword  needs  Scan- 
derbeg's  arm  to  wield  it.** 

The  Greeks  had  a  similar  saying, 
"  None  but  Ulysses  can  draw  Ulyieera 
bow.**  Robin  Hood's  bow  needed  Robia 
Hood*sarmto<iUawit;  and  hence  the  pro- 
verb, "Many  talk  of  Robin  Hood  that 
never  shot  in  his  bow.** 

ScandinaTia,  Sweden  and  Norway, 
or  Sweden,  Norway,  and  Denmark. 

Scapegoat  (7^),  a  farce  by  John 
Poole.  Ignatius  Polyglot,  a  learned  pun- 
dit, master  of  seventeen  languages,  is  the 
tutor  of  Charles  Eustace,  a^^  24  years. 
Charles  has  been  clandestinely  married 
for  four  years,  and  has  a  little  son,  named 
Frederick.  Circumstances  have  occurred 
w&ich  render  the  concealment  of  this 
marriage  no  longer  decorous  or  possible, 
so  he  breaks  it  to  his  tutor,  and  conceals 
his  young  wife  for  the  nonce  in  Polyglot's 
private  room.  Here  she  is  detected  by 
the  housemaid,  Molly  Maggs,  who  telLs 
her  master,  and  old  Eustace  says,  the  only- 
reparation  a  man  can  make  in  such  cir- 
cumstances is  to  marr}'  the  giri  at  once. 
"  Just  so,** says  the  tutor.  "Tour  son  Is 
the  husband,  and  he  is  willing  at  once  to 
acknowledge  his  wife  and  infant  son.** 

Scapin,  valet  of  LtSandre  son  of  seignior 

G^ronte.     (See  Foubbkriks.) — ^Moii^re, 
Les  Fourheries  de  Scapin  (1671). 
J'ai,  Muu  dout*  nqu  da  dd  on  whtim 


planlarUi  laftokiuM>  k  ^oi )«  vulfaira  tfoonnt  doao« 
M  nom  de  fourbrriM;  at  Je  puk  dire,  miu  vaalM.  qa*o« 
a'a  guHa  vu  dtummia  qtri  fftt  phu  habUe  oorrtcr  di« 
r«Morta  et  dlntrigiMi.  qui  aU  aoqiiia  pfaai  da  gftnfcra  q|B« 


SCAPING. 


875 


SCHAGABAC. 


(Otwaj  has  made  an  Engtish  version  of 
this  plar,  called  The  Ch^Us  of  Soapw, 
in  which  L^andre  is  Anglicized  into 
**  Leander/'  G^ronte  is  called  '*  Gripe,*'and 
his  friend  Argante  faUter  of  Zcrbinette 
is  called  "  Thrifty  »*  father  of  "  Lucia.") 

Bcapi'no,  the  canningi  knavish  ser- 
vant of  Giatiano  the  loquacious  and 
pedantic  Bolognese  doctor. — Italian  Mask, 

Soar'anxouoh,  a  braggart  and  fool, 
moet  valiant  in  words,  but  constantly  being 
drubbed  by  Harlequin.  Scaramouch  is 
a  common  character  in  Italian  farce, 
originallv  meant  in  ridicule  of  the  Spanish 
dun,  an^  therefore  dressed  in  Spanish 
costume.  Our  clown  is  an  imbecile  old 
idiot,  and  wholly  unlike  the  dashing  pol- 
troon of  Italian  pantomime.  The  best 
*' Scaramouches  **  that  ever  lived  were 
Tiberio  Fiurelli,  a  Neapolitan  (bom  1608), 
and  Gandini  (eighteenth  century). 

Scar'boroiigh  Warning  {A),  a 
-warning  given  too  late  to  be  taken  advan- 
tage of.  Fuller  says  the  allusion  is  to  an 
event  which  occurred  in  1657,  when 
Thomaa  Stafford  seized  upon  Scarborough 
Castle,  before  the  townsmen  had  any 
notice  of  his  approach.  Hey  wood  says  a 
**  Scarborough  warning  **  resembles  what 
is  now  called  Lynch  law :  punished  first, 
and  warned  afterwards.  Another  solution 
is  this  :  If  ships  passed  the  castle  without 
saluting  it  by  sinking  sail,  it  was  custom- 
ary to  nre  into  them  a  shotted  gun,  by 
way  of  warning. 

B«  nariy  wkkwa.  and  nersr  for  mach  .  . . 

Or  SearlMrov  vnrnlnt.  m  Ul  1  bdleve, 

WkM  r '  Sir.  I  anwt  ft  **)  0Mi  hold  of  tbjr  ilMte. 

T.  TtMwr.  /IM  Mtmdrtd  Fotmt*  ^  «omI 
Btubtmdrp,  x.  S8  (US7). 

Scarlet  (Wi//),  Soadlock,  or 
Soathelocke,  one  of  the  companions 
of  Robin  Hood. 

*"IUw  On  good  bow«  in  tt»  hMMte."  Mid  Bobgm, 

*-L0C  Moebe  vmid  with  the  |A««i 
And  MihaU  WjUjraai  Scatbalacka. 

Aad  BO  BMB  Alvd*  with  bw." 

Bllaon.  M0dtn  Bood  BaUad*,  L  1  (18S0). 

Tho  tJnkar  looking  htan  atxMit, 

Boblahlibom  did  Mow: 
IlMn  ouno  onto  him  litUt  Joim 

▲Bd  WUUmb  Scadloek  too. 

lad  Umto  of  hiai  Umt  BMMl*  a 

Good  TMinMi  Sobia  Hood. 
BeBriet  and  Little  John. 

And  Link  John,  her  ho! 

Ditto.  appaadU  t  (17M). 

In  the  two  dramas  called  The  Firtt  and 
Sectmd  Paris  of  Mobin  Jfood,  by  Anthony 
Munday  mod  Henry  (Settle,  Scathlock  or 
deadlock  is  caUed  the  brother  of  WiU 
Scarlet. 


.  .  .  poadble  that  Warmaa'inlto . . .  doch  haftt  tha  IhiH 
Of  boania  Scarlet  aad  hb  bcott«  Soathkxk. 

Pt.La987). 

Then  '*  enter  Warman,  with  Scarlet  and 
Scathlock  bounde,'*  but  Warman  is  ba- 
nished, and  the  brothers  are  liberated  and 
pardoned. 

Soarlet  Woman  ( 7^),  popeiy  {Sep. 
xvii.  4). 

And  falminatad 
Afalmt  the  Mariet  woman  and  her  creed. 
Tennjraon.  Sea. 


Scathelocke  (2  syL)  or  Bcadlook, 
one  of  the  companions  of  Robin  Hood. 
Either  the  brother  of  Will  Scarlet  or 
another    spelling    of    the    name.     (See 

SCABIJCT.) 

Scavenger'a  Daug;liter  (The),  an 
instrument  of  torture,  inventml  by  sir 
William  Skevington,  lieutenant  of  the 
Tower  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.  "  Sca- 
venger*' is  a  corruption  of  Skevington. 

To  has  the  scavenger's  daughter,  to 
suffer  punishment  bv  this  instrument  of 
torture^  to  be  beheaded  by  a  guillotine  or 
some  similar  instrument. 

Season,  plu.  Soason'tee  (8  sy/.),  a 
lame  iambic  metre,  the  last  being  a 
spondee  pr  trodiee  instead  of  an  iamous 
(Greek,  shazo,  *'  to  halt,  to  hobble  **),  as : 

S.  O  Mum.  greemm  qn«  folaiM  tiatb  eiiiid 


Or  in  English  : 

1.  A  little  onward  lend  thy  guiding  hand. 

%  He  nnaupldoiM  led  blm ;  when  Sannon  .  .  . 

(1  is  the  usual  iambic  metre,  2  the  sca- 
zontes.) 

Soeaf  ISheef],  one  of  the  ancestors  of 
Woden.  So  called  because  in  infancy  he 
was  laid  on  a  wheatsheaf,  and  cast  adrift 
in  a  boat ;  the  boat  stranded  on  tiie  shores 
of  Sleswig,  and  the  infant,  bein^  consider^ 
a  gift  from  the  gods,  was  brought  up 
for  a  future  king. — Beowulf  (an  Anglo- 
Saxon  epic,  sixth  century). 

SoepticiBni  {Father  of  Modem), 
Pierre  Bayle  (1647-1706). 

Sohaoabao, "  the  hare-lipped,*"  a  man 
reduced  to  the  point  of  starvation,  invited 
to  a  feast  by  the  rich  Barmecide.  Instead 
of  victuals  and  drink,  the  rich  man  set 
before  his  guest  empty  dishes  and  empty 
glasses,  pretending  to  enjoy  the  imagin- 
ary foods  and  drinks.  Schacabac  entered 
into  the  spirit  of  the  joke>  and  did  the 
same.  He  washed  in  ima^inarj'  water,  ate 
of  the  imaginary  delicacies,  and  praised 
the  imaginary  wines.  Barmecide  was  so 
delighted  with  his  g^est,  that  he  ordered 


8CHAHBIAH. 


976 


8CHEHSELNIHAB. 


in  A  sabsUntuU  meal,  of  which  he  mftde 
Schacabac  a  most  welcome  partaker. 
—Arabian  Nights  ("The  Barber's  Sixth 
Brother").    (See  Shaccabac.) 

Bchah'riah,  sultao  of  Persia.  His 
wife  being  unfaithful,  and  his  brother's 
wife  too,  Schahriah  imagined  that  no 
woman  was  virtuous.  He  resolved,  there- 
fore, to  marry  a  fresh  wife  every  night, 
and  to  have  her  strangled  at  daybreak. 
Scheheroz&dg,  the  vizier's  daughter,  mar- 
ried him  notwithntanding,  and  contrived, 
an  hour  before  daybreak,  to  begin  a  story 
to  her  sister  in  the  sultan's  hearing,  always 
breaking  off  before  the  story  was  finished. 
The  sultan  got  interested  m  these  tales ; 
and,  after  a  thousand  and  one  nights,  re- 
voked his  decree,  and  found  in  Schehera- 
zadd  a  faithful,  intelligent,  and  loving 
wife. — Arabian  Nights'  Entertainmmts, 

Schah'saman,  sultan  of  the  "Island 
of  the  Children  of  Khal'edan,"  situate  in 
tilie  open  sea,  some  twenty  days*  sail  from 
the  coast  of  Persia.  This  sultan  had  a  son, 
an  only  child,  named  Camaral'zaman,  the 
mostbeatttifol  of  mortals.  Oamaralxaman 
married  Badoura  the  most  beaotifol  of 
women,  the  only  daughter  of  Uaioar 
2    iyU)    emperor  of    China. — Arabian 

'ights  ("  Camaralzaman  and  Badoura"). 

Schaibar  (28^/.),  brother  of  the  fairy 
Pari-Banou.  He  was  only  eighteen 
inches  in  height,  and  had  a  huge  hump 
both  before  and  behind.  His  beard, 
though  thirty  feet  long,  never  touched  the 
ground,  but  projected  forwards.  His 
moustaches  went  back  to  his  ears,  and 
his  little  pig*s  eyes  were  buried  in  his 
enormous  nead.  He  wore  a  conical  hat, 
and  carried  for  (quarter-staff  an  iron  bar 
of  500  lbs.  weight  at  least. — Arabian 
NigJiU  ("  Ahmed  and  Pari-Banou"). 

Sohamir  (7^)f  ^^^  instmmeot  or 
agent  with  which  oolomon  wrought  the 
stones  of  the  Temple,  being  forbidden  to 
use  any  metal  instrument  for  the  purpose. 
Some  say  the  Schamir'  was  a  worm  ;  some 
that  it  was  a  stone ;  some  that  it  was  "  a 
creature  no  bigger  than  a  barieycom, 
which  nothing  could  resist." 

Scheherazade  [ShaM.ra,zah*,dej^ 
the  hypothetical  relater  of  the  stories  m 
the  Arabian  Nights,  She  was  the  elder 
daughter  of  the  vizier  of  Persia.  The 
sultan  Scbahriah,  exasperated  at  the 
infidelity  of  his  wife,  came  to  the  hasty 
conclusion  that  no  woman  could  be  faith- 
ful ;  so  he  determined  to  marry  a  new  wife 
every  night,  and  strangle  her  at  daybreak. 


"^ 


Scheherazid^  wishing  to  frea  Fefsia  of 
this  disgrace,  requested  to  be  made  the 
sultan's  wife,  and  succeeded  in  her  wish. 
She  was  young  and  beaotifnl,  of  great 
courage  and  ready  wit,  well  read,  had  an 
exceltent  memorjr,  knew  history,  philo* 
sophy,  and  medicine,  was  besides  a  good 
poet,  musician,  and  dancer.  Scbehera- 
zad^  obtained  permission  of  the  saltan 
for  her  younger  sister,  Dinarzad^  to  sleep 
in  the  same  chamber,  and  instmcted  h^ 
to  say,  one  hour  before  daybreak,  "  Sister, 
relate  to  me  one  of  those  deliehtfnl  stories 
which  yon  know,  as  this  will  be  the  last 
time*"  Scheherazade  then  told  the  saltan 
(under  pretence  of  speaking  to  her  sister) 
a  story,  but  always  contrived  to  break 
off  before  the  story  was  finished.  The 
sultan,  in  order  to  hear  the  end  of  the 
story,  spared  her  life  till  the  next  night. 
This  went  on  for  a  thousand  and  one 
nights,  when  the  sultan's  resentment  was 
worn  out,  and  his  admiration  of  his  sul- 
tana was  so  great  that  he  revoked  his 
decree.—- i4ra&uin  Nights'  £ntertainmetUs, 

(See  MOBADBAK.) 

KoQwd  ttke  Um  nlUiM  ScbclMmatt.  and  lioraMl  lato  a 
Itar7.-<X  Dlek0iu.  Duwtd  Ov/^wf^bM  (18#). 

Behemseddin  Mohamxned,  elder 
son  of  the  vizier  of  Egypt,  and  brotfier  of 
Noureddin  Ali.      He  quarrelled  with  his 
brother  on  the  subject  of  their  two  child- 
ren's   hypothetical    marriage;    but    the 
brothers  were  not  yetmarrie<^  and  children 
"were  only  in  supposition.**    Kourcddin 
Ali  quitted  Cairo,  and  travelled  to  Basorm, 
where  he  married  ihe  vizier's  daughter, 
and  on  the  very  same  day  Schemscddin 
married  ^e  daughter  of  one  of  the  chief 
grandees  of  Cairo.    On  one  and  the  same 
cUy  a  daughter  was  bom  to  Schemseddin 
and  a  son  to  his  brother  Noureddin  Ali. 
When  Schemseddin's   daughter  was  20 
years  old,  the  saltan  asked  her  in  marriage, 
but  the  vizier  told  him  she  was  betrothed 
to  his  brother's  son,  Bed'reddin  AIL    At 
this  replv,  the  sultan,  in  anger,  swore 
she  should  be  given  in  marria^  to  the 
"  ugliest  of  his  slaves,"  and  accordinglr 
betrothed  her  to  Hunchback  a  groom,  both 
ugly  and  deformed.    By  a  fairy  trick, 
Bedreddin  Ali  was  substituted  for  the 
ffroom,  but  at  daybreak  was  conveyed  to 
Damascus.    Here  he  tamed  pastry-cook, 
and  was  discovered  by  his  inouier  b^ 
his  cheese-cakes.    Being  restored  to  hm 
country  and  his  wife,  he  ended  his  life 
hAppi\y.— Arabian   Nights  ("Noareddm 
All,"  etc.).   (See Cubsse-Cakbs,  p.  180.) 

Sohemsel'nihar,  the  favourite  sal- 
I  tana    of   Haroun-al-fiaschid   cati{^     uf 


Sdbl^telHL. 


mi 


ioio. 


Bagdad.  She  f^ll  in  lore  with  Abool- 
liMwn  Ali  ebn  Becar  prince  of  Persia. 
From  the  first  moment  of  their  meeting, 
they  heguk  to  pine  for  each  other,  and 
fell  sick.  Though  miles  apart,  they  died 
at  the  same  hour,  and  were  both  buried 
in  one  grave. — Arcdnan  Nights  ("  Aboul- 
haasan  and  Schemselnihar  ). 

Bohlemihl  {Peter)^  the  hero  of  a 
popular  German  legend.  Peter  sells  his 
shadow  to  an  "  old  man  in  grey,**  who 
meets  him  while  fretting  under  a  dis- 
appointment. The  name  is  a  household 
term  for  one  who  makes  a  desperate  and 
silly  bai*gain.^^mi880|  Peter  ScMe- 
mthl  (1818). 

Soholftstio  (7^)f  Epipha'nins,  an 
Italian  scholar  (sixth  century). 

SoholasUo  Doctor  (7^^),  Anselm 
of  Laon  (1050-1117). 

Soholay  {Lcnprencti),  serrant  at 
Bunrh-Westra.  His  master  ii  Magnus 
TroU  the  ndaller  of  Zetland.— Sir  W* 
Scott,  The  Pirate  (time,  William  III.). 

\*  Udaller,  one  Who  hokli  land  by 
allodial  tenure. 

Bdhonfblt^  lieutanant  of  sir  Archibald 
▼on  Ilagenbaoi  a  German  noble. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Anne  of  Oeierstem  (time,  Edward 
IV.). 

School  of  Husbands  (V^cole  dee 
Maris,  "wives  trained  by  men"),  acomedy 
by  MoUbre  (1661).  Ariste  and  Sgana- 
relle,  two  brothers,  bring  up  L^nor  and 
Isabella,  two  orphan  sisters,  according  to 
their  systems  for  making  them  in  time 
their  model  wives.  Sganarelle*8  system 
was  to  make  the  woman  dress  plainly, 
live  retired,  attend  to  domestic  duties, 
and  have  few  indulgences.  Ariste*s 
svstem  was  to  give  the  woman  great 
liberty,  and  trust  to  her  honour.  Isabelle, 
brought  up  by  Sganarelle,  deceived  him 
and  married  anotJier ;  but  Lcfonor,  brought 
up  by  Ariste,  made  him  a  fond  and  faith- 
ful wife. 

Sganarslle*s  plan : 

reatcnd  que  hi  m\mn»  i\rt  k  vm.  CtotMto— 
I  trnam  mn»  boon«te  ell*  alt  hni  rlnnwt, 

bgni  jfntn  ■wilwniBt  | 
nne  bien  wKfj^ 

A  iwoodl*  OMm  Uns*  aui  bmnwde  MOr, 
Ott  bba  4  triooicr  quelquai  bM  par  pUidr: 
Oil*  an  dlmttn  6m  mofueti  «ile  ferme  nnOttk 
»■•  aorta  jMoab  MMs  avoir  qpl  la  viHW 

Ansta*s  plan : 

bv  MM  atoM  4  jMir  4>ni  POT  da  Bbat4 ; 
On  )e  niioit  fort  mal  par  taot  (TaartMUj 
It  Ifli  nius  dManta.  Im  vanoaK  et  Im  grilMi^ 
■•  iMi  paa  la  varta  4m  fHUMi  nl  dea  snail 


cviM  Hifa  Doonata  eua  ait  i 
le  porlaj  la  nob-  qa'  anx  bgni 
enCennM  aa  lofiM,  en  pertoni 
I  iTaMlluiM  louia  aas  atomm  t 


iTflrt  rhdnaanr  qui  k»  <loU  tanir  daoa  la  Aatolr. 
Noa  la  •Av^ritA  que  aooa  Immt  fUaoM  voir  .  .  . 
Ja  troova  qit»  la  coaur  oat  oa  qo'fl  liiut  ff^iar. 

ActLl 

School    fbr   Wives    {Vecole  dee 

FemmeSf  "  training  for  wives  **),  a  comedy 

by    Moli^re   (1662).     Amolphe   has    a 

crotchet  about  the  proper  training  of  girls 

to  make  good  wives,  and  tries  his  scheme 

upon  Agnes,  whom  he  adopts   from    a 

peasant's  cottage,  and  designs  in  due  time 

to  make  bis  wi^  He  sends  her  from  early 

childhood  to  a  convent,  where  difference 

of  sex  and  the  conventions  of  society  are 

wholly  ignored.     When  removed  from 

the  convent,  she  treats  men  as  if  thev 

were  schoolgirls,  kisses  them,  plays  with 

them,    and    treats    them    with    girlish 

familiarity.    The  consequence  is,  a  young 

man  named  Horace   falls  in  love  with 

her,  and  makes  her  his  wife,  but  Amolphe 

loses  his  pains. 

Qmmmi  a  M  mMkoda 
Bn  famoM,  eonune  en  tout,  Je  veux  anlrra  im  moda  .  .  • 
Vn  air  doax  et  poe^  parml  €tmtrtt  anfaula, 

£'iiuplfB  da  I'amoar  poor  alia  dia  qaauaaoai 
i  tain  m  tnMvant  da  pauvrati  prca^ 
DeklaldainaiidarBoiavintgii  petutt; 
Bk  ki  Irmmm  iiMaiiiWt  aptmtoant  Han  dMko^ 
A  a'Otar  eatta  cnarfe  aut  beaaeoup  de  piaUr. 
Daiu  m  pMk  eoureot.  Mn  d«  (out*  pntlqa% 
Ja  k  Sa  «lavar  MlOB  aw  pQliUqM. 

IfltLl. 

Schoolmen.  (For  a  list  of  th4 
schoolmen  of  each  of  the  three  period  S4 
see  Dictionary  of  Fkraee  and  Fable ^  794.) 

Schoolmistress   [The),  a  poem  in 

Spenserian  metre,  by  Shenstone  (1758). 

Tne  "  schoolmistress  **  was  SanUiUoyd, 

who  taught  the  poet  himself  in  infancy. 

She  lived  in  a  tiiatched  cottage,  before 

which  grew  a  birch  tree,  to  which  allusion 

is  made  in  the  poem. 

Ikara  dwaili.  la  lowljr  alMd.  tad  Bcaa  attHa, 

A  HDatroo  aid.  arhom  wa  icIioolmiatrHi  nana  .  .  . 

Aiidaniailshtdathriiaabifcheotrae^ 

Schreokenwald  {IM)^  steward  of 
count  Albert.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Anne  of 
Qekretein  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Schwanker  {Jonas)^  Jester  of  Leo- 

Sold     archduke    of    Austria. — Sir     W. 
cott,  The  Talisman  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Sdan  Muse  (The),  Simon'id^  bom 
at  Scia  or  Cea,  now  Zia,  one  of  the 
Cyclades. 

Tba  Sdan  and  the  Talan  ICoM  {Aftaereon]  .  ,  . 
Hava  foond  ttia  fhaie  jroor  ihoraararow. 
Bynw.  Aa« /MMi.  UL  r  Bm  IdM  af  Oreac%"  1S99). 

8cxenoe(7^pr«ao0o/),Tehuhe,  **The 
AristoUa  of  Chinft"  (di«d  a.i>.  1200). 

Sdo  (now  called  Chws),  one  of  the 
seven  cities  which  claimed  to  be  the 
birthplace   of   Homer.       Hence    he   if 


SaOLTO. 


878 


SCOGAK^S  JEST. 


•onetimef  called  "Seio'i  Blind  Old 
Bard.**  The  seren  citiea  lefened  to 
make  an  hexameter  rerwe : 


AmUymUr  iJiliiiitw.  J  9r*A 


BcioVto  (3  9yl.)t  a  prood  Genoese 
Dobjeman,  the  father  of  Calista.  Calista 
was  the  bride  of  Altamont,  a  vouDg  man 
prond  and  fond  of  her,  but  it  was  dis- 
covered on  the  wedding  day  that  die 
had  been  sedoced  bv  Lothario.  This 
led  to  a  scries  of  caUmities :  (1)  Lothario 
was  killed  in  a  doel  by  Altamont ;  (2) 
a  street  riot  was  created,  in  which  Sciolto 
received  his  death-wound;  and  (3)  Ca- 
lista sUbbed  herself.— N.  Kowe,  The  Fair 
Feniierd  (1703). 

(In  Italian,  Sciolto  forms  but  two 
syllables,  but  Rowe  has  made  it  three  in 
every  case.) 

Soipio  "  dismissed  the  Iberian  maid  *' 
(^niton,  Paradiie  Regained^  ii.).  The  poet 
refers  to  the  tale  of  Scipio*8  restoring  a 
captive  princess  to  her  lover  AUncins,  and 
giving  to  her,  as  a  wedding  present,  the 
money  of  her  ransom.  (See  Cohtihbhcs, 
pp.  209,  210.) 


Durliif  bit  comiiMipd  In  flfiabi.  •  ( 
wbkb  contributed  more  to  hit  imam  tM  pan  Hum  aD 
hta  wUitMT  nvMlM.  At  the  taking  of  New  Outhnse.  a 
bdjr  of  cttraordlnwry  bsMtty  wm  brought  to  Sdpio,  who 
found  hlmnir  gnnthr  afloetod  fay  her  cfannm.  Under- 
■iMidlng.  hovcvw,  that  dM  «a»  betroCbad  to  a  CaUI. 
beriao  prinea  named  AUuciot,  b«  raolvad  to  conquer  bi« 
rUng  paMiun.  and  wnt  bar  to  her  lover  without  recom- 
panee.  A  rihrer  tfaleU.  on  which  this  liitereMlng  event 
k  depleted,  was  found  In  the  river  Rhone  bv  MHne  fleher- 
men  In  the  MVAnteenth  oentrnt.— <Joid«nilh.  Hittary  V 
Morn*,  ziv.  8.  (Whlttaker'e  Improved  edition  eontaine  a 
fhc4hnlle  of  the  ihleld  on  p.  Slft^ 

Sdpio^  son  of  the  gip«7  woman  Cos- 
col  ina  and  the  soldier' Torribio  Scipio. 
Scipio  becomes  the  secretary  of  Gil  Bias, 
and  settles  down  with  him  at  'Hhe  castle 
of  Lirias.**  His  character  and  adventures 
are  very  similar  to  those  of  Gil  Bias  him- 
self, but  he  never  rises  to  the  same  level. 
Hcipio  begins  by  being  a  rogue,  who 
pilfered  and  plundered  iill  who  employed 
nim,  but  in  the  service  of  Gil  Bias  be 
was  a  model  of  fidelity  and  integritv. — 
Lesage,  Gii  Bias  (1716).  ' 

Boiro^nlan  Books,  between  Meg'ant 
and  Corinth.  So  called  because  the 
bones  of  Sciron,  the  robber  of  Attica, 
were  changed  into  these  rocks,  when 
Theseus  (2  ayL)  buried  him  from  a  cliff 
into  the  sea.  It  was  from  these  rocks 
that  Ino  cast  herself  into  the  Corinthian 
bay.--(?r«A  FabU, 

Eksirum.  The  men  of  Scirum  need 
to  shoot  against  the  stars. 


SoobellTiin,  a  very  fndtfnl  land,  tiie 
inhabitants  of  which  were  dianged  into 
beasts  by  the  vengeance  of  the  goda. 
The  drunkards  were  tamed  into  swine, 
Uie  lediers  into  goats,  the  prood  into 
peacocks,  shrews  into  magpies,  gamMefs 
uto  asses,  musicians  into  song-birds.  tiM 
envious  into  dogs,  idle  women  into  mik^ 
cows,  jesters  into  monkeys,  dancers  into 
squirrds,  and  misers  into  moles. 

cannlhah  In  en 
tahnry.  tiM 

ad  aD  in 


the 


Bidky  [B.  iehmoal  Tkt 
Amn.  a.  is  (1S17). 

Soogan  {Henry),  M.A.,  a  po«t,  con- 
temporary with  Qiaucer.  He  lived  in 
the  reigns  of  Richard  II.,  Henry  IV., 
and  probably  Heniy  Y.  Amon^  the 
gentry  who  bad  letters  of  protection  to 
attend  Richard  II.  in  his  expedition  into 
Ireland,  in  1899,  is  **  Henncns  Soognn, 
Armiger.*'  — Tyrwhitfs  Chamoer,  t.  15 
(1773). 


fleognir  WhatWMlMt 
Oh.  a  Sne  nontlenan  and  a  naiL 
Of  Henrr  the  Foorth'e  tiaoe.  that 


of  arte 


For  the  Una's  knm,  and  writ  In  baled  royal 
DalntilrwelL 

Ben  JoMOiw  Ae /bvtMMM /eler  PSMB. 

Soogan  {J6kn\,  the  favourite  jester 
and  buffoon  of  Edward  IV.  **  Scogan*8 
jests  "  were  published  by  Andrew  Borde, 
a  physician  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII. 

The  Hune  air  John  [r«Uia^\  the  vecy  Mne.  I  mm 
him  break  Skogan's  head  at  the  eoort-gate.  when  he  wm 
a  crack  not  Uuu  high,    fiheheipware.  tlfftmrp  /r.  act  BL 

•CIL 

%*  Shakespeare  has  eonfoonded  Henry 
Soogan,  M.A.,  the  poet,  who  lived  in  the 
reign  of  Henry  iV.,  with  John  Scogan 
the  jester,  who  lived  about  a  oentnry 
later,  in  the  reign  of  Edward  IV. ;  and,  A 
course,  sir  John  Falstaff  could  not  have 
known  him  when  **  he  was  a  mere  crack.** 

Soog^an's  Jest.  Scogan  and  some 
companions,  being  in  lack  of  money, 
agrml  to  the  following  trick : — A  peasant, 
driving  sheep,  was  accosted  by  one  of  the 
accomplices,  who  laid  a  wager  that  his 
sheep  were  hogs,  and  agreed  to  abide  by 
the  decision  of  the  first  person  they  met. 
This,  of  course,  was  Scogan,  who  instantly 
gave  judgment  a^inst  the  herdsman. 

A  similar  joke  is  related  in  the  Hitopa- 
dem,  an  abridged  version  of  Pilpey's 
Fables,  In  this  case,  the  "peasant**  ia 
represented    by   a  Brahmin  carrying  a 

foat,  and  the  joke  was  to  persuade  the 
Eruhmin  that  he  was  carrying  a  dog, 
*  *  How  is  this,  friend,"  says  one, "  that  yon. 


800NE. 


879 


SCOTLAND  A  FIEF,  ETC. 


ij  cany  on  your  back  each  an 
iimal  as  a  do^  ?  *'  "  It  is  not  a 
(  the  Brahmin,  *<  bat  a  goat ;  '* 


s  Brahmin 
unclean  amimal 

do^,**  sty«  ,  „ 

and  trudged  on.  Presently  another  made 
the  same  remark,  and  tlie  Brahmin,  be- 
ginning to  doubt,  took  down  the  goat  to 
look  at  iL  Convinced  that  the  creature 
was  really  a  ^oat,  he  went  on,  when 
preaenrlv  a  third  made  the  same  re- 
mark, "fhe  Brahmin,  now  fully  persuaded 
tiiat  his  eyes  were  befooling  him,  threw 
down  the  goat  and  went  away  without  it ; 
whereupon  the  three  companions  took 
possession  of  it  and  cooked  it. 

In  Tyll  Euicnspiegel  we  have  a  similar 
hoax.  Eulenspiegei  sees  a  man  with  a 
piece  of  green  cloth,  which  he  resolves 
to  obtain.  He  employs  two  confederates, 
both  priests.  Says  Eulenspiegei  to  the 
man,  ''  >\'liat  a  famous  piece  of  blue 
cloth !  Where  did  you  get  it  ?  **  *'  Blue, 
yon  fool!  why,  it  is  green."  After  a  short 
contention,  a  bet  is  made,  and  the  ques- 
tion in  dispute  is  referred  to  the  first 
comer.  This  was  a  confederate,  and  he 
at  once  decided  that  the  cloth  was  blue. 
*'  Ton  are  both  in  the  same  boat,"  says 
the  man,  **  which  I  will  prove  by  the  priest 
yonder."  The  Question  being  put  to  the 
priest,  is  decided  against  the  man,  and  the 
three  rogues  divide  the  cloth  amongst 
them. 

Another  version  is  in  novel  8  of  For- 
tini.  The  joke  was  that  certain  kids 
he  had  for  sale  were  capons. — See  Dun- 
lop,  History  of  Fiction^  viii.  art.  **  Ser 
Giovanni." 

Scone  r<S%(Wfi],  a  palladium  ttene.  It 
was  erected  in  Icolmlul  for  the  coronation 
of  Fergus  Eric,  and  was  called  the  Lia- 
Fail  of  Ireland.  Fergus  the  son  of  Fergus 
Eric,  who  led  the  Dafriads  to  Argyllshire, 
removed  it  to  Scone ;  and  Edward  I. 
took  it  to  London.  It  still  remains  in 
Westminster  Abbey,  where  it  forms  the 
support  of  Edward  the  Confessor's  chair, 
which  forms  the  coronation  chair  of  the 
British  monarchs. 

Nl  taSkalt  fitnai.  Scotl.  quoeunqm  locAtma 
Invenkut  l»pklem.  ragnarv  taaeutur  ibidem. 

LnrdiiOT.  UMorp  9f  8eottand.  L  67  <I83I). 

Wbon'er  Uils  $Uikt  U  pbieed.  the  flOe*  decree. 
Tbe  Seotttah  race  ahAll  then  Um  Mveraigus  be 

*«*  Of  conrse,  the  **  ScoUish  race  "  is 
the  dsmasty  ot  the  Stuarts  and  their 
sooceasors. 

Scotch  Ouards,  in  the  service  of 
the  French  kin^^  were  called  his  garde  du 
corps.  The  on^  of  the  guard  was  this : 
When  St.  Louis  entered  upon  his  first 
cnzsade,  he  was  twice  saved  from  death 


by  the  valonr  of  a  small  band  of  Scotch 
auxiliaries  under  tiie  commands  of  (be 
earls  of  March  and  Dunbar,  Walter 
Stewart,  and  sir  Dsvid  Lindsay.  In 
CTtttitude  thereof,  it  was  resolved  that 
"a  standing  guard  of  Scotchmen,  recom- 
mended by  the  king  of  Scotland,  should 
evermore  form  the  body-guard  of  the 
king  of  France."  This  decree  remained 
in  force  for  five  centuries. — Grant,  The 
ScoUish  Cavalier,  xx. 

Soo'tia,  Scotland;  sometimes  called 
"ScotU  Minor."  The  Venerable  Bede 
tells  us  that  Scotland  was  called  Cale- 
donia till  A.i>.  2.58,  when  it  was  invaded 
bv  a  tribe  from  Ireland,  and  its  name 
c^nged  to  Scotia. 

Scotia  Magna  or  Major,  Ireland. 

Scotland.  So  called,  according  to 
legend,  from  Scota,  daughter  of  Pharaoh. 
Wjiat  gives  this  legend  especial  interest 
is,  that  yfheti  Edwara  I.  laid  claim  to  the 
country  as  a  fief  of  England,  he  pleaded 
that  Brute  the  British  King,  in  the  davs 
of  Eli  and  Samuel,  had  conquered  it. 
The  Scotch,  in  their  defence,  pleaded 
their  independence  in  virtue  of  descent 
from  Scota,  daughter  of  Pharaoh.  This 
is  not  fable,  but  sober  history, — Rymer, 
Faxbra,  I.  ii.  (1703). 

Scotland  Yard  (London).  So  called 
from  a  palace  which  stood  there  for  the 
reception  of  the  kins  of  Scotland  when 
he  came  to  Englana  to  pay  homage  to 
his  over-lord  the  king  of  England. 

Scotland  a  Fief  of  England. 
When  Edward  I.  laid  claim  to  ScoUand  as 
a  fief  of  the  English  crown,  his  great  plea 
was  that  it  was  awarded  to  Adelstan  by 
direct  miracle,  and,  therefore,  could  never 
be  alienated.  His  advocates  seriously 
read  from  The  Life  and  Miradcs  of  St, 
John  of  Beverley  this  extract :  Adelstan 
went  to  drive  back  the  Scotch,  who  bod 
crossed  the  border,  and,  on  reaching  the 
T^e,  St.  John  of  Beverley  appeared  to 
him,  and  bade  him  cross  the  river  at 
daybreak.  Adebtan  obeyed,  and  reduced 
the  whole  kingdom  to  submission.  On 
reaching  Dunbar,  in  the  return  march, 
Adebtan  pra^'ed  that  some  sign  might 
be  given,  to  testify  to  all  ages  that  God 
had  delivered  the  kingdom  into  his 
hands.  Whereupon  he  was  commanded 
to  strike  the  basaltic  rock  with  his  sword. 
This  did  he,  and  the  blade  sank  into  the 
rock  **as  if  it  had  been  butter,"  cleaving 
it  asunder  for  *^  an  ell  or  more."  As  the 
cleft  remains  to  the  present  hour,  in  testi- 


SCOTLAND'S  SCOURGfi. 


880 


SOOURGA  09  t^RINCES. 


nooy  of  this  mirtcle,  whr,  M  course,  oeUa 
va  san9  dire. — Bymer,  Fmdera,  1.  ».  771 
(1703). 

Scotland's  8ooiiTKa»  Edward  I. 
His  SOD,  Edward  11.,  buried  him  in 
Westminster  Abbey,  where  his  tomb  is 
still  to  be  seen,  with  the  following  inscrip- 
tion:— 

BdwandiM  LoMBa,  S«otoiiii  M>llwi%  Mewt 
(Cor  LonfilMiika.  "  SootJaadli  ScoursB,"  UflK  iMTrt. 
Dnytoo,  ^•^yvfMM.  xrM.  (ISlS). 

So  I  napOanH.  SeotUiMl'i  Sooorii.  the  lud  Md  wato. 

tmto,  zKix.  (ittal^ 

Boots  {8cuit€j  '*a  wanderer,  a  ro- 
ver"),  the  inhabitants  of  the  western 
coast  of  Scotland.  As  this  part  is  very 
hill}'  and  barren,  it  is  unfit  for  tillage ; 
and  the  inhabitants  used  to  live  a  roving 
life  on  the  produce  of  the  chase,  tlicir 
chief  employmeBt  being  the  rearing  of 
caUle. 


The  CUadoniaBs  bccvM  dhrlded  Into  two  dtattoot 
■Atlom  .  .  .  thoM  on  tiM  «wt«rn  AMMt  wbtrii  wm  hlDhr 
uA  bmn,  and  tkoM  tovafdi  Um  aartvlHra  Ifeo  1mm 
k  8t  for  tllhip  . .  .  As  tlM  MBptonaent  of  tbo  lormor 
did  not  Is  tlWB  to  QtM  pUee,  tmAr  rMnofcd  from  OM 
hm»k  to  Miothof,  m  nitod  bait  With  Am^  ooawateaw 
or  IncUnatloa.  aad  wara  calM  hy  tholr  D«%bboan  SeMttc 
or  tbo  "  wandariag  aalioa."— JwMrMMon  on  «A«  ^mmm 

8cot$  {The  Soyat),  The  hundred  cuir- 
assiers, called  hommes  det  armes,  which 
fonnra  the  body-guard  of  the  French 
king,  were  sent  to  Scotland  in  1633  by 
Lous  XlII*,  to  attend  the  coronatioa  of 
Charles  I.  at  Edinburgh.  On  the  out- 
break of  the  civil  war,  eight  years  after- 
wards, these  cuirassiers  loyally  adhered 
to  the  crown,  and  received  the  title  of 
**  The  Royal  Scots."  At  the  downfall  of 
the  king,  the  hommes  de$  armes  returned 
to  France. 

Soott  {The  Scmthem).  Arioato  is  so 
called  by  lord  Byion. 

Flrat  BOM 
no  Tdmob  ftrthor^i  "cooaedf  dirtiM  "  {DmmU\ ; 
Thoa,  not  aniqtul  to  the  Fleriiitiiia, 
Iho  MMllMrD  Saott,  tiM  adaatrd  vho  oaBod  tetk 
A  nov  croatkM  with  hb  bm^  Una. 
And.  Ilko  Om  Arlorto  of  the  N ortli  («fr  W.  BeoUl 
laos  ladyahwa  aad  war,  fomaaoe  and  knlShtlf  vecOu 
Bjrron.  Ck4ia«  BurUA,  Ir.  «0  (1817). 

%*  Dantd  was  bom  at  Florence. 

Soott  of  Belgium  {Thi  Waiter)^ 
Hendrick  Conscience  (1812-       ). 

Boottish  Anaoreon  {The)^  Alex- 
ander Soot  is  so  called  by  Pinkoton. 

Scottish  Boanerges  {The),  Robert 
and  James  Haldane  (nineteenUi  century). 
Robert  died  1842,  aged  79,  and  James 
1851. 

Scottish  Hogarth  (27^),  David 
Allan  (1744-1796). 


Soottisk   HOOMT    (TTkr), 
Wilkie,  author  of  em  epic  poem  in  Ajm% 
enUtkd  The  Epigtmiad  (1758). 

Scottish  Solomon  (7^),  James 
YI.  of  Scotland,  subsequently  called 
James  I.  of  England  (1566,  l60S-ie25). 

*«*  The  Freucb  kia^  culled  him  Ux 
more  aptly,  **The  Wisest  Fool  in  duisten- 
dom.** 

Scottish  Tenters  {The),  mr  Dsvid 
Wilkie  (178^-1841). 

Scottish  Ifheoe^toa  (TV),  Allan 
Ramsay  (1686-1768). 

ScotoS.  There  were  two  schoofaBea 
of  this  name  i  (1)  John  Scotos  Erigim^  a 
native  of  Ireland,  who  dletf  9  3,  in  tiw 
reign  of  king  Alfred;  (2)  John  Duns 
Scotus,,  a  So>tcfaman,  who  di6d  1888. 
Longfellow  confounds  tiiese  two  in  his 

golocH  Legend  when  he  ittdlmteB  the 
atin  rersioii  of  61.  J>KMiysiiis  $k§ 
p(»giU  to  the  latter  sehooli 

Be  Into  lirtla  Sj'  ftiil 

''""■■^  am. 


Scourers,  a  class  of  cbssomte  yoog 
men,  often  of  the  better  daas,  who  in- 
fested the  streets  of  London  in  the  seven- 
teenth century,  and  thooght  it  capital 
fun  to  break  windows,  upset  sedan-dudrs, 
beat  quiet  citixens,  and  molest  young 
women.  These  young  blades  called 
themselves  at  different  times,  Muns, 
Hectors,  Scourers.  Nickers,  Uawoabttes, 
and  Mohawks  or  Mohocks. 

ScofiFge  of  Ohrietians  (IV), 
NomcddiB-Mahmftd  of  DaamacM  (1116- 
1174). 

Scourge  of  GocL  {The),  AttiU  kin^ 
of  the  Huns,  called  Ptagellum  Dei  (died 
A.D.  453).  Gens^ric  king  of  the  Vandals, 
called  Virga  Dei  (*,  reigned  429-477). 

Scourge  of  Princes  (TV),  Pfetrs 

Aretino  of  Areszo,  a  merciless  satirisi  of 
kings  and  princes,  but  very  obseene  and 
licentious.  He  called  himself  *'Aietino 
the  Divine"  (1492-1667). 

naw  Aratia  of  Irte  got  rBpatadon 
l|r  •oountag  Mnvi,  ae  laeiaB  dU  of  «il 
m  norntng  flods. 
LortBwokew  In^mUUim  tyen  Jl—  QTOI  1MH 

Suidas  called  Lneiaa  *<Tlie  Bla». 
phemer;**  and  he  added  that  he  was 
tore  to  pieces  l^  dogs  fdr  his  impiety. 
Some  of  his  works  attack  the  heathen 
philosofdiy  and  rriigion.  His  J^tpiter 
CoHvicted  shows  Jupiter  to  be  poweness, 
and  Jupiter  the  Trofjedian  shows  Jupiter 


SGOURGK  OF  SCOTLAND. 


M 


SCROQQBlf. 


And  ih€  other  gocb  io  M  mytks  (120- 
«00). 

Scourgd  of  Scotland,  Edward  I. 
SkxdantmMaiUnu  (1239,  1272-1807). 

8orai>e-All,  a  soapy,  psalni-singiiig 
bypocrite,  who  combines  with  Cheatly  to 
supply  yoanfi;  heirs  with  cash  at  moat 
exorbitant  usury.  (See  Chkatlt.) — 
ShadweU,  S^e  of  Atiotia  (1688). 

Scrape  on,  QenUemeii.  Hadrian 
went  once  to  the  public  baths,  and,  seeing 
an  old  soldier  scraping  himself  with  a 
potsherd  for  want  of  a  flesh-brush,  sent 
nim  a  sum  of  money.  Next  day,  the 
bath  was  crowded  with  potdiefd  scrapers ; 
but  (he  emperor  said  wnen  he  saw  niem, 
**  Scrape  on,  gentlemen,  but  yon  will  not 
scrape  an  aeqnatnfeance  vrith  me." 

Scribble,  an  attomey*s  clerk^  who 
tries  to  get  married  to  l^oHy  Honey- 
combe,  a  silly,  noveKrtraek  girl,  but  well 
6ff.  He  is  happily  foiled  in  his  teheme^ 
ted  Polly  is  sared  from  the  conseqoence* 
of  a  most  unsnitaUft  match. — 0.  Colmaa 
tbe  elder,  PoUy  Hijiieyccmbe  (1760). 

Scrible'ruB  {ComeUuij^  father  of 
Martinus.  He  was  noted  for  his  pe- 
dantry, and  his  odd  whims  about  the 
education  of  his  son. 

Martinu*  Scnblerus,  a  man  of  capacity, 
who  had  read  everything ;  but  his  judg- 
ment was  worthless,  and  his  taste  per- 
Terted. — (?)  Arbuthnot,  iftsnuoirs  of  the 
Extraordinary  Life,  Works,  and  Dis* 
oooerinof  Martmus  Scribienu. 

*^*  These  '* memoirs**  were  tatended 
to  be  the  first  instalment  of  a  general 
Mtire  on  the  false  taste  in  literatare 
prcralent  in  tiie  time  6f  Pope.  The  only 
patrts  of  any  moment  that  were  written 
4tt  ^ts  intended  series  were  Pope's  TWo- 
H9e  c/  the  B€tthoB  or  Art  of  Sinkma  iti 
Poetry,  and  Ws  Memoirs  of  P,  P,,  Clerk 
of  this  Parish  (1727).  in  ridicule  of  Dr. 
Burnet's  Bistory  of  His  Own  Time,  The 
Ihrndai  is,  however,  preceded  by  a  PrO" 
Sejifomena,  ascribed  to  Martinus  Scriblerus, 
and  contains  his  notes  and  illustrations  on 
the  poem,  thus  connecting  this  merciless 
satire  witii  the  original  design. 

Soriever  (Jock),  the  apprentice  of 
Duncan  Uacwheeble  (bailie  at  TuUv 
Yeolaa  to  Mr.  Cosmo  Omyne  Brad- 
wardine  bar  n  of  Bradwardine  and  Tully 
Veolan).— Sir  W.  Scott,  Waverley  (time, 
George  II.). 

Bcsi'lptorea  ]>ecem,  a  colloction  of 
ten  ancienl  dirottides  on  EngHsh  history. 


in  one  tol.  folio,  London,  l$6Sf,  edited 
by  Roger  TwysdeA  and  John  Selden. 
The  volume  contains :  (I)  Stmeoii  Du« 
nelmensis  [Simeon  of  Dmham],  Historia; 

(2)  Johannes  Hagustatdensis  [John  of 
Hexham],  Historia  Qmtinuata ;  (8)  Ri- 
chardus  Hagustaldensis  fltichard  of 
Hexham],  De  Gestis  Hegis  Stephani;  (4) 
Ailredus  Rievallensis  [Ailred  of  Rievall, 
Historia  (genealogy  of  the  kings) ;  (5) 
Radulphus  de  Diceto  [Ralph  of  Diceto], 
Abbreviationes  Chronicorum  and  Tmagines 
Historiarum;  (6)  Johannes  Brompton, 
Chronicon ;  (7)  Gervasins  Dorobomcnsis 
(Gervais  of  Dover],  Chronica,  etc,  (burn- 
ing and  repaif  of  Dover  Church  ;  conten- 
tions between  the  monks  of  Canterbary 
and  archbishop  Baldwin ;  and  lives  of 
the  archbishops  of  Canterbory) ;  (8) 
Thomas  Stubbs  (a  dominican).  Chronica 
Pontificwn  ecc,  Eboraci  [•>.  York] ;  (9) 
Guilielmus  Thorn  Cantuariensis  [of  Can- 
terbury], Chronica ;  and  (10)  Henricns 
Knighton  Leieestrensis  [of  Leicester], 
Chf^nioa,  (The  last  three  are  chronides 
df  **  pontiffs  **  or  archbishops.) 

Soriptores  Quinque,  better  known 
as  Scriptores  Post  Beaam,  Miblished  at 
Frankfurt,  1601,  in  one  vol.  lolie,  and 
containing:  (1)  Willielm  MdAnesburi- 
ensis,  De  (hstis  Req%tm  Anglontm,  Historic 
NovellcB,  and  J>e  testis  Poniificum  Angh* 
rum ;  (2)  Henry  Huntindoniensis,  Historia  ; 

(3)  Roger  Hovedeni  [Hoveden],  Annates  ; 

(4)  Ethelwerd,  Chronica ;  and  (5)  Ingul- 
phus  Croylandensis  [of  Croyland],  Hi^ 
toria, 

Scriptores  Tres,  three  '^hypo- 
thetical *  writers  on  andent  history, 
which  Dr.  Bertram  professed  to  have  dis- 
covered between  the  years  1747  and  1757. 
They  are  called  Richardus  Corinensis  [of 
Cirencester],  Pe  Situ  Britannks ;  Gildas 
BadonTcns;  and  Nennius  Banchorensii 
[of  Bangor].  J.  E.  Mayor,  in  his  pre- 
face to  Ri(xardi  de  Cirenceitria  Specmum 
Historiaie,  has  laid  bare  this  literary 
forgery. 

Scripture.  Parson  Adam8*s  wife  said 
to  her  ousband  that  in  her  opinion  *'it 
was  blasphemous  to  talk  of  Scriptures 
out  of  church.** — Fidding,  Joseph  An^ 
drews, 

A  mtkt  Imrraalon  in  mjr  jrooth 
Wm  BMuto  bf  Un.  Adanu.  whore  the  erta^ 
**  Thai  SutpUiwi  wut  of  eharrh  fn  blMoh  wnoofc" 
Byroii,  /ton  /ttan,  xUk  M  (ISSD. 

Scroggen.  a  poor  hack  author,  cele- 
brated by  (goldsmith  in  his  Ihscr^tiom 
•/  an  Anthor^s  Bedchamber, 

8  L 


8CR0GGEN& 


88S 


8CUDAMOinL 


Berocffens  (OtU$),  »  pcMMut,  wbo 
coart«d  MoUy  Brown,  bat  died  jott  be- 
fore the  weddlnff  day.  MoUt  cried  and 
criod  for  hiiUi  till  the  cried  herself  fast 
a«leep.  FancTiiig  that  she  saw  Giles 
Scrc^^^gens*8  ghost  standing  at  her  bed- 
side, she  exclaimed  in  terror,  "What 
do  you  want?"  "You  for  to  come  for 
to  go  along  with  me,**  replied  the  ghost, 
"fben'tdcad,  you  fool!"  said  MoUy; 
but  the  ghost  rejoined,  "  Why,  that's  no 
rule.**  Then,  clasping  her  round  the 
waist,  he  exclaimed,  "  Come,  come  with 
me,  ere  morning  beam."  "I  won't!" 
shrieked  MoUy,  and  woke  to  find  "'twas 
nothing  but  a  dream." — A  Comic  Ballad, 


DorvKKB  (Sir  William),  one  of  the 
judges.  —  Sir  W.  Scott,  Feveril  of  the 
PcA  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Scrooge  {Ebenezer),  partner,  exe- 
cutor, and  httr  of  old  Jacob  Blarle^, 
stock-broker.  When  first  introduced,  he 
is  "a  squeezing,  grasping,  covetous  old 
hunks,  snarp  and  hard  as  a  flint ; "  with- 
out one  particle  of  sympathy,  loving  no 
one,  and  by  none  beloved.  One  Christmas 
Day,  Ebenexer  Scrooge  sees  three  ghosts : 
The  Ghost  of  Christmas  Past ;  the  Ghost 
of  Christmas  Present:  and  the  Ghost  of 
Christmas  To-come.  The  first  takes  him 
back  to  his  young  life,  shows  him  what 
Christmas  was  to  nim  when  a  schoolboy, 
and  when  he  was  an  apprentice ;  reminds 
him  of  his  courting  a  young  girl,  whom 
he  forsook  as  he  grew  rich ;  and  shows  him 
that  sweetheart  of  his  young  days  married 
to  another,  and  the  mother  of  a  happy 
family.  The  second  ghost  shows  nim 
the  loyous  home  of  his  clerk  Bob 
Cratchit,  who  has  nine  people  to  keep  on 
15«.  a  week,  and  yet  could  find  where- 
withal to  make  merry  on  this  day ; 
it  also  shows  him  the  famil;^  of  his 
nephew,  and  of  others.  The  third  ^host 
shows  him  what  would  be  his  lot  if  he 
died  as  he  then  was,  the  prev  of  harpies, 
the  jest  of  his  friends  on  'Change,  the 
world's  uncared-for  waif.  These  visions 
wholly  change  his  nature^  and  he  becomes 
benevolent,  charitable,  and  cheerful,  lov- 
ing all,  and  by  all  beloved. — C  Dickens, 
A  Christmas  Carol  (in  five  staves,  1848). 

Screw,  the  clerk  of  lawyer  Glossin. 
— Sir  W.  Scott,  Ouy  Mannering  (time, 
George  II.). 

Scrub,  a  man-of-all-work  to  lady 
Bountiful.    He  describes  his  duties  thus : 

or  a  Mondigr  I  drire  th*  ooach.  of  a  Tuetdajr  I  drhre  tfifl 
fhtogli.  on  WadiKKky  1  follow  Um  hoiindf.  on  Thundair 
I  dun  tlie  tamuita,  en  Frklajr  1  fo  to  laarkot,  o«  a»tank]r 


4(17Sn. 

One  4ar.  vb«i  Werton  [17S7-U7S]  «m 
plBf^^Scnih,'  ho  kbI  to  wguort  a  loon  of 
Oonfckc  wMcli  vn 
put  In  Uc  ofiMoianet  In 
to  ttM  fMt-I%bta.  and 

V^WM     VBBi^^  HHhBH  VBVBBBHy   Sas>   ^^    **  ^^^m 

paarinc  bofore  you  this  ovenins,  and  «>  vith 

I  wB  pcritann  Um  port  of  'Scnh'  to  hi* 
I.  vfao  «M  to  Ike  «M1«7  «**  •  *■•  b^ 
I  am  bOTi,  t«t  the  baflV  voot 
Ihe  andtanoe  roond  with  langhter.  c 
Wcton.liidHiilhoAonMpS^r"8cnrik"andthe 
wm  obliged  to  adranco  the  toon  and 
at4rU^A*ruktimJmnmiH9mKg^ 

Scmbin'da,  the  lad^  who  "  tired  bj 
the  scouring  of  pots  in  Dyot  Street^ 
Bloomsbury  Square." 

Oh.  WM I  a  Qoart.  pinc  or  CO. 

TohoMfwbhedlirhvdeliaMhna*! .  .  . 
Mr  poflov  tlMt^  Mat  to  the  *y 

I'dqalt.  her  Meat  ■iiiilii 
So  happy  to  Hfo  and  to  die 

In  DyotBtJBot,  IHoi— bn 

W.  B.  Bhode^  BtmJmmtt  F^Htm  (I7N|. 


Scrapie,  the  friend  of  Random.  He 
b  too  honest  for  a  logue,  and  too  con^ 
scientious  for  a  rake.  At  Calais  be  met 
Harriet,  the  elder  dangfater  al  sir  David 
Dunder  of  Dnnder  Hsil,  near  Dover,  and 
fell  in  love  with  her.  Scruple  subsequently 
got  invited  to  Dunder  Hall,  and  was  told 
uiat  his  Harriet  was  to  be  married  next 
day  to  lord  Snolt.  a  stumpy,  "  ^mmy  * 
fogey  of  five  and  forty.  Harriet  hated 
the  idea,  and  agreed  to  elope  with  Scrapie ; 
but  her  father  discovered  l^  accident  the 
intention,  and  intercepted  it.  However, 
to  prevent  scandal^  he  gave  his  consent 
to  tne  union,  and  discovered  that  Scruple, 
both  in  family  and  fortune,  was  quite 
suitable  for  a  son-in-law.— G.  Colman, 
Ways  and  Means  (1788). 

Scu'damour  (Sir),  the  knight  be- 
loved by  Am'oiet  (whom  Britomart  dc-> 
livered  from  Busyrane  the  endianter), 
and  whom  she  ultimately  married.  He 
is  called  Scudamour  (8  sy/.)  from  Mscw 
d* amour  (**tiie  shield  of  love**),  which 
he  carried  (bk.  iv.  10).  This  shield  was 
hung  by  golden  bands  in  the  temple 
of  Venus,  and  under  it  was  written: 
**Whos£vkk  bk  this  Shiklj>,  Fairs 
Amorbt  bk  his.**  Sir  Scudamour,  de- 
termined to  win  the  prize,  had  to  fight 
with  twenty  combatants,  overthrew  them 
all,  and  the  shield  was  his.  When  he 
saw  Amoret  in  the  company  of  Brito- 
mart dressed  as  a  knight,  he  was  racked 
with  jealousy,  and  went  on  his  wander- 
ings, accompanied  by  nurse  Glauc^  for 
**  nis  *squire ;  '*  but  somewhat  later,  seeing 
Britomart  without  her  helmet,  he  felt 
that  his  jealousy  was  groundless  (bk.  ir. 
6).     His  tale  ib  told  by  himMlf  (bk« 


SCULPTURE. 


88S 


SEA-CAPTAIN. 


hr.  10).--8peBier,  Fairy  Qneen^  m.,  iv. 
(1590-6). 

Sculpture  (Father  of  French)^  Jean 
Goujon  (1510-1672).  G.  PUon  iB  so 
csOled  also  (1515-1590). 

Soyld,  the  king  of  Denmark  preceding 
B«owalf.  The  Anglo-Saxon  epic  poem 
called  Beowulf  (sixth  century)  begins 
with  the  death  of  Scyld. 

At  hU  appolntMl  tinM.  Scrld  dMeaaed,  rmj  daereplt. 
mmA  w«Qt  into  tb*  paw*  of  the  Lord.  Th«3r  .  .  .  bore 
Um  to  tiM  w  Aort  m  1m  WkmmV  raquaitaiL  .  .  .  Then 
ou  tte  beach  ttuod  the  ring-prowed  ihip.  the  vehicle  of 
th«  noble  ...  rewlir  to  Mt  eat  Ibey  laU  down  the  dear 
l>Ttec»e.  thedletrtbtef  ofrin^faithe  boeom  of  the  ibip, 
tlw  mfc^lj  one  beride  the  maet .  .  .  they  aet  op  a  aahlea 
hiih  o««fhend  .  .  .  to/tt  fn«  hfan  to  the 
~  ic»  aoonifMl  their  " 


Soylla  and  CHiaiybdis.  The 
former  was  a  rock,  in  which  dwelt  Scylla, 
a  hideous  monster  encompassed  with  dogs 
and  wolves.  The  latter  was  a  whirlpool, 
into  which  Charvbdis  was  metamor- 
phosed.— Classic  Fable* 

BcjUa  and  Chaxybdia  of  Soot- 
UuhgL  the  *'  Swalchie  whirlpool."  and 
the  «^lferrj  Men  of  Mey,"  a  bed  of 
broken  water  which  boils  hke  a  witch*s 
caldron,  on  the  south  side  of  the  Stroma 

(** Merry  Men;**  men  is  a  corruption 
of  mata  in  this  phrase.) 

Scythian  (7^^  Brave),  Darius  the 
Persian.    According  to    Uerod'otos,  all 
the  south-east  of  Europe  used  to  be  called 
Scythia,  and  Xenophon  calls  the  dwellers 
south  of  the  Caspian  Sea  "Scythians** 
also.    In  fact,  by  Scythia  was  meant  the 
south  of  Bussia  and  west  of  Asia  ;  hence 
the  Ilnngarians,  a  Tartar  horde  settled 
on  the  east  coast  of  the  Caspian,  who,  in 
889,  crossed  into  Europe,  are  spoken  of 
as  **  Scythians,'*  and  lord  Brooke  calls 
the  Peraums  **  Scythians.**   The  reference 
below  is  to  the  following  event  in  Persian 
history : — ^The  death  of  Smerdis  was  kept 
for  a  time  a  profound  secret,  and  one  of 
the  officers  about  the  court  who  resembled 
him,  usurped  the  crown,  calling  himself 
broUier  of  the  late  monarch.    Seven  of 
the  high  nobles  conspired  together,  and 
slew  the  usurper,  but  it  then  became  a 
qoestioB  to  which  of  the  seven  the  crown 
should  be  offered.    They  did  not  toss  for 
it,  but  they  did  much  the  same  thing. 
They  agreed  to  give  the  crown  to  him 
whose  horse  neighed  first.    Darius*s  horse 
won,  and  thus  Darius  became  king  of  the 
Persian  empire. 


Thnt  bnvn  Scfthlui. 
Who  fiwnd  BMN  eweetneM  In  hit  bomrk . 
TlMn  an  the  Phrfgiau.  Durian.  Ljrdbui  playing.     . 

Lofd  Bnioko  (1BM-10M). 

*^*  Marlowe  calls  Tamburlaine  ol 
Tartary  **a  Scythian.** 

Yoa  diall  bear  the  Bcrthian  TtunbarUne 
Threatanin»the  world  wlUi  higfa  aatoundlng  ttnm, 
Marlowe.  TambuHaim  (prologue,  U87). 

Scythian's  Name  ( The).  Humbei 
or  Humbert  king  of  the  Huns  invaded 
England  during  the  reign  of  Locrin, 
some  1000  years  b.o.  In  his  flight,  he 
was  drowned  in  the  river  Abus,  which 
has  ever  since  been  called  the  H  umber, 
after  "the  Scythian's  name.*'-- Geoffrey, 
British  History,  ii.  2  (1142) ;  and  MUton*f 
History  of  England. 


Or  Hnmbv  loMi  ttiat  keepe  the  BcTthka't  1 

Milton,  raecti«n  Mtttr^m  (ItfT). 

Sea  {The  Great),  The  Meditemmeao 
was  BO  called  by  the  ancients. 

Sea  (I%e  Waterless).  Prester  John,  in 
his  letter  to  Manuel  0>ran€nus  emperoi 
of  Constantinople,  says  that  in  his  country 
there  is  a  *' waterless  sea,'*  which  none 
have  ever  crossed.  It  consists  of  tumUing 
billows  of  sand,  never  at  rest,  and  contains 
fish  of  most  excellent  flavour. 

Three  days'  journey  from  the  coast  of 
the  SMid  ScA  IS  a  mountain  whence  rolls 
down  a  **  waterless  river,"  consisting  of 
small  stones,  which  crumble  into  sand 
when  they  reach  the  **  sea." 

Near  the  Sand  Sea  is  a  fountain  called 
Mussel,  because  it  is  contained  in  a  basin 
like  a  miMsel-shell.  This  is  a  test  foun- 
tain. Those  who  test  it,  strip  off  theii 
clothes,  and  if  they  are  true  and  leal,  the 
water  rises  three  times,  till  it  oovera 
their  head. 

Sea-Bom  City  (The),  Venice. 

Sea-Captain  (The),  a  drama  by  lord 
L^rtton  (1839).  Norman,  **the  sea-cap- 
tain," was  the  son  of  lady  Arundel  by  het 
first  husband,  who  was  murdered.  He  was 
bom  three  days  after  his  father's  murder, 
and  was  brought  up  by  Gnslow,  a  village 
priest.  At  14  he  went  to  sea,  and  became 
the  captain  of  a  man-of-war.  Lady 
Arundel  married  again,  and  had  another 
son  named  Percy.  She  wished  to  ignore 
Norman,  and  to  settle  the  title  and  estates 
on  Percy,  but  it  was  not  to  be.  Norman 
and  Percy  both  loved  Violet,  a  ward  of 
lady  Arundel.  Violet,  however,  loved 
Norman  only.  A  scheme  was  laid  to 
murder  Norman,  but  failed ;  and  at  the 
end  Norman  was  acknowledged  by  his 
mother,  reconciled  to  his  brother,  and 
married  to  the  ward. 


8EA-GIttT  IflfLfi. 


iw* 


8E1IASTfA!l. 


Be^Qirt  Isle  (The),  Oreii  BritaiD. 

8ea  of  Sedge  (7%e),  the  Red  Sea. 
Tke  Red  Sea  ao  abounds  with  sed^e  that 
in  the  Hebrew  Scriptures  it  is  called  **  The 
Weedy  or  Sedgy  Sea."  Milton  refers  to 
it  when  he  says,  the  rebel  angeb  were  at 
numberless  as  the 


Aloto.  when  with  flcm  winds  Orloo  annsd 
Hack  vend  tteBadSwooMt.  ^^ 


8ea  of  Stars.  The  source  of  the 
Tellow  River,  in  Thibet,  is  so  called 
because  of  the  nnasnal  sparide  of  the 
waters. 

TlM  haadrad  naroM  of  Horagbo  r «•  rcOMT  MMTl 
Soatbir.  Tkmtmba  Ikt  Dmtfwtr,  vL  IS  (17S7). 

Seaforth  ( The  earl  of)^  a  royalist,  in 
the  service  of  kittff  Qiailes  I. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Legend  of  Mndroee  (titte,  Oharie* 

Soasoiis  ( The)^  a  desenpnve  poem  tti 
blank  verse,  by  James  Thomson,  *'  Win^ 
ter"(I72«),  "Summer" (1727),  "Sprittg" 
(1728),  "Atttnmn"  (1798).  «*'Vrintcr'» 
is  inscribed  to  the  earl  of  Wilming- 
ton ;  "  Summer  **  to  Mr.  Doddington ; 
**  Spring  "  to  the  countess  of  Hertford  ; 
and  "  Autumn  *'  to  Mr.  Onslow. 

1.  In  "  Winter,"  after  describing  the 
season,  the  poet  introdnces  his  episode  of 
a  traveller  lost  in  a  snowstorm,  "the 
creeping  cold  lays  him  along  the  snow, 
*  stiffened  corse,"  of  wife,  of  children, 
And  of  friend  unseen.  The  whole  book 
contains  1069  lines. 

2.  "Summer"  begins  with  *  descrip* 
thm  of  the  season,  and  iht  rufal  punmitt 
of  haymaking  and  sheep^shearing ; 
passes  on  to  the  hot  noon,  when  "  natare 
pants,  and  every  stream  looks  languia." 
After  describing  the  tumaltnoue  chanufter 
of  the  season  in  the  torrid  zone,  he  returns 
to  England,  and  describes  a  thnnder^ 
storm,  in  which  Celidon  and  Amelia  are 
erertaken.  The  tnonder  growls,  the 
Hghtnings  flash,  loader  and  louder  eraeAies 
the  aggravated  roar,  "  convulsing  heaven 
and  earth."  The  maiden,  terrifl<^,  clings 
to  her  lever  for  proteetien.  "  Fear  not, 
sweet  innocence,  he  says.  "  He  who 
involves  yon  skies  in  darkness  ever 
smiles  on  thee.  Tis  safety  to  be  near 
thee,  snre,  and  thus  to  clasp  perfection." 
As  he  speaks  the  words,  a  flash  of  light- 
ning  strikes  the  maid,  and  lays  her  a 
blackened  corpse  at  the  voung  man's  feek 
The  poem  condodes  with  the  more  peace* 
ful  scenery  of  a  summer's  evening,  when 
th(    story  of   Damon  and  MnsidOra  is 


nlfrodnceil.  Damon  had  mi^  iDTod  ui0 
beautiful  Musidora,  but  met  witil  scant 
encouragement.  One  summer's  evening, 
he  accidentally  came  upon  her  battling, 
and  the  respectful  modesty  of  his  love  so 
won  upon  the  damsel  Uiat  she  wrote 
upon  a  tree,  "Damon,  the  time  nay 
come  when  you  need  not  fly.**  Tlia 
whole  book  contains  1804  lines. 

8.  In  "  Spring  "  the  poet  describes  ita 
general  features,  and  its  influence  on  fbe 
vegetable  and  animal  world.  He  de- 
scribes agafden  with  its  haram  of  floirvni, 
*  grove  with  its  orchesbrv  of  song-birda 
making  oMlbdy  m  their  Wve,  the  t^wtf^ 
worid  of  brutes  fmious  and  fierce  wntk 
tiMir  strMig  desir«,  and  laatiy  WMtk  iens- 
pered  by  its  inftatveinflvenoe.  Tbe  book 
contains  1178  lines. 

4.  In  "  Atttnmn  "  we  are  taken  to  ih» 
harvest-field,  where  the  poet  introdaoea 
a  story  similar  to  that  of  Ruth  and  B<mu» 
His  Ruth  he  calls  <<Lavinia,"  and  his 
Boaz  "Pal«mon.*^  He  then  describes 
partridge  and  pheasant  shooting,  hare 
and  fox  hunting,  all  of  which  he  eoo- 
denns.  After  luxariattag  in  the  orduud 
and  vinejranL  he  speaks  of  the  emigratioit 
of  birds,  the  falling  of  the  sear  and  yellow 
leaf,  and  concludes  with  a  talogy  of 
country  life.  The  whole  book  eontaiiM 
1871  lines. 

\*  It  is  much  to  be  regretted  thai  tb« 
poet's  order  has  not  be«i  presenred.  The 
armngenent  of  the  seasons  ittis  Spria^ 
Sanuner,  Aotnmn,  and  Winter,  is  an« 
natural,  and  mars  the  harSBony  «<  ^^ 
poet's  pha. 

SeatonlanPtiae.  The  Rev.  Thomas 
Seaton,  FeUow  of  Clare  Hall,  Cambridge 
UniveiBity,  bequeathed  the  rents  of  his 
Kislingbury  estate  fof  a  yeaily  prize  of 
£40  to  the  best  Englini  poem  on  a 
stfcted  subject  announced  in  January,  and 
Sent  in  on  or  before  Set>teniber  29  follow- 
ing. 

Shall  htmrr  OnMite  call  her  able  tow  .  .  . 

Slurtl  tlMi»  appraiA  a*  Hnwt    Mk.  »^l  dbmWim, 
,  And  e*9m  «punw  a«  gmt  flwwwilitt  pHm^ 
Vfna,  MmgUtk  BartU  and  Bontek  M$9itmm»  OSKi 


Sebastes  of  ICytile'ne  (4  sjf/.), 
the  assassin  in  the  "  Immoital  CSnards." — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  ComU  JMerf  ef  Pimris 
(time,  Roftts). 

SebastiaiL  a  yonn^  g«ntlemaa  of 
MessalinS,  brother  to  VioIil  Thty  were 
twins,  and  so  much  alike  that  istuj  could 
not  be  distinguished  except  by  thor  dress. 
Sebastian  and  his  sister  beingshipwreckcd, 
escaped  to  Illjrria.  Here  Scbiwtian  was 
mistaken  for  ms  sister  (who  had  aasamed 


^EBASTIAK. 


885 


SEDLET. 


iD«ii*8  Apparel),  and  iras  iavited  by  ihe 
coantess  Olivia  to  take  shelter  in  ber 
house  from  a  street  broil.  Olivia  was  in 
love  with  Viola,  and  thinking  Sebastian 
to  be  the  object  of  ber  love,  married  him. 
--Shakespeare,  Twelfth  Night  (1614). 

Sehastianj  brother  of  Alonse  king  of 
Naples,  in  The  Tempest  (1609). 

Sehn^Hmt,  father  of  TiOentine  and 
Alice. — Befuwioiit  and  Fletcher,  Ifotuu 
J%omm  (1610). 

Scbctstian  (j^on),  king  of  Portugal,  is 

defeated  in  battle  and  iaken  prisoner  by 

the  Moors  (1574).      He  is  saved  from 

death   by  Dorax   a   noble    Portuguese, 

then  a  renegade   in   tiie   court   of   <he 

emperor  of  Barbary.     The  train  being 

dismissed,  Dorax  takes  oft  his  turban, 

aMumet  his    Portuguese   dress,  and    is 

recognized  as  Alonzo  of  Alcazar. — Diy- 

den,  Don  Sd^oMtian  (1690). 

B  t«arfil  aad  weoMclltoUoti  of  flebasttea  and  Denoc 
i  Jtlmma  «f  Alf»ar\  h  «  mmtmir  90pif  ftoiii  •  Hmlhtr 
batwmn  Brutal  and  CbMiiH  [in  HhtUietpturt'WiiMm 
OaMTi—E.  diamtan.  MmffUak  iMmratmre,  L  SSt. 

Don  Sebastian,  a  name  of  terror  to 
|f  ooridi  children. 

Kbr  ahaa  8ebartUa*a  fonnldablB  naiiM 
Ba  hMgw  vmi  to  •Mil  ttie  crriaff  baba. 

fiVdaa,  J)9n  aefcuWaw  (1680). 

fliebftstiaii  I.  of  Brasll,  who  fell  in 
the  battle  of  Alcazarquebir  in  1678.  Th« 
Ie<;end  is  that  he  Is  not  dead,  but  is 
patiently  biding  the  fulness  of  time, 
when  he  will  return,  and  make  Bnzil  the 
diief  kingdom  of  the  earth.    (See  Bab- 

BAROeSA.) 

Sebastoo'rator  (JTue),  the  chief 
officer  pf  state  in  the  empire  of  Greeoe. 
Same  as  Protosebastos.— -Sir  W.  Sco^ 
Qmnt  Sdbert  of  Paris  (time,  Bufus). 

SebUe  (3  ay'.),  la  Dane  d«  Lac  in 
the  MMMMe  called  Peru^orest.  Her 
castle  was  .aarroanded  1^  a  aver,  on 
which  rested  so  thick  a  fog  that  no  one 
could  see  across  it.  Alexander  the 
Great  abode  with  her  a  fortnight  to  be 
cured  of  his  wounds,  and  kins  Arthur 
was  the  result  of  this  amour  (vol.  i.  42). 

Secret  Hill  (The),  Ossian  said  to 
Osear,  when  be  resigned  to  him  the 
command  of  the  morrow^s  battle,  **Be 
thine  the  seeiet  hill  to-night,"  referring 
to  (he  Gaelic  .custom  of  the  commander 
ot  an  army  retirii^  to  a  secret  hill  the 
night  before  a  bl^ttle,  to  hold  communion 
witii  the  ghosts  of  departed  heroes. — 
Ossian,  CatMm  of  atttha. 

Secret  Tribunal  {The)^  the  count 


of  the  Hol^  Yehme.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Aim0 
of  Geierstem  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Secrets.  The  BeposHon/ of  the  Secrets 
of  all  the  World  was  the  inscription  over 
one  of  the  brazen  portals  of  Fakreddin's 
valley.— W.  Beckford,  Vathek  (1784). 

Sed^piTick  (Doomsday),  William 
Sedgwick,  a  fanatical  *'  prophet "  in  the 
CoDimonwealth,  who  pretended  that  it 
had  been  revealed  to  him  in  a  visiom 
that  the  day  of  doom  was  at  hand. 

SedillOy  the  licentiate  with  whom 
Gil  Bias  took  service  as  a  footman. 
Sedillo  was  a  gouty  old  gourmand  of  09. 
Being  ill,  he  sent  for  Dr.  SangradoL 
who  took  from  him  six  porringers  ox 
blood  ever^  day,  and  dosed  him  in- 
cossantly  with  warm  water,  giving  him 
two  or  three  pints  at  a  time,  saying,  "a 
patient  cannot  be  blooded  too  much  ;  for 
It  is  a  neat  error  to  suppose  that  Mood  i^ 
needful  for  the  preservation  of  life. 
Warm  water,"  he  maintained,  *'  drunk  in 
abundance,  is  the  true  specific  in  aH 
distempers."  When  the  ncentiate  died 
under  this  treatment,  the  doctor  insisted 
it  was  because  his  patient  had  neither 
lost  Uood  enough  nor  drunk  enovgh 
warm  water. — Lttage,  OH  Bias,  ii.  1,  8 
(1716). 

Sedlev  (Mr,),  a  wealthy  London 
8tock-4Mroker,  brought  to  nun  by  the 
fall  of  the  Funds  just  prior  to  the  battle 
of  Waterloo.  The  old  merchant  then 
tried  to  earn  a  meagre  pittance  bv  selling 
wine,  coals,  or  lottery-tickets  by  com> 
qiission,  but  his  bad  wine  and  cheap 
coals  fbond  but  few  customers. 

Mre,  Sedky,  wife  of  Mr.  Sedley.  A 
homely,  kind-hearted,  bonny,  motherly 
woman  in  her  prosperous  days,  bist 
soared  by  adversity,  and  quick  to  take 
offence. 

Amelia  SedUjf,  daughter  of  the  stock- 
broker, educated  at  Miss  Pinkerton*s 
academy,  Ohiswick  Blall,  and  engaf^ 
to  captain  Geoige  Osborne,  son  of  a  nch 
London  merchant.  After  the  ruin  of 
old  Sedley,  George  married  Amelia,  and 
was  disinherited  by  his  father.  He  was 
adored  by  his  youi^  wife,  but  Cell  on 
the  field  of  Waterloo.  Amelia  then 
returned  to  her  father,  and  lived  in  great 
indigence,  but  captain  Dobbin  greatly 
loved  her,  and  did  much  to  relieve  her 
worst  wants.  Captain  Dobbin  rose  in 
his  profession  to  the  rank  of  colonel,  and 
married  the  young  widow. 

Joseph  Sedley,  a  collector,  of  Boggle^ 


SEDLET. 


8W      SELF-ADMIRATION  SOCIETT. 


WolUh  ;  ft  fat,  sensiud,  ccmcdtod  dandy, 
rain,  shy,  and  vulgar.  "  His  excellency  * 
fled  from  Brussels  on  the  day  of  the  b^tle 
between  Napoleon  and  Wellington,  and 
Rturned  to  Calcutta,  where  he  br^rg«d 
of  his  brave  deeds,  and  made  it  appear 
that  he  was  Wellington's  right  hand ; 
•o  that  he  obtained  the  sobriquet  of 
"  Waterloo  Sedley."  He  again  returned 
ta  England,  and  became  the  "patron** 
«f  Becky  Sharp  (then  Mrs.  Rawdoa 
Crawley,  but  sepanted  from  her  hus- 
band). This  lady  proved  a  terrible 
dragon,  fleeced  him  of  all  his  money, 
and  in  six  mon&s  he  died  under  very 
suspicious  circumstances.  —  Thackeray, 
VamUy  Fair  (1848). 

Sedtey  (Sir  atarle$),  in  the  couH  of 
Charles  II.— Sir  W.  Scott,  WMbtock 
(time,  Commonwealth). 

Seo,  the  Conquering  Hero 
Comes !  This  song  stands  at  the  open- 
ing of  act  ii.  of  Aiexander  tke  Great^  a 
truedy  by  N.  Lee  (1678). 

(Set  to  music  by  Handel,  and  intro- 
duced in  the  oratorio  of  Judnu  Maooabcnu^ 
1743.) 

Seelenoooper  {Captain),  superin- 
tendent of  the  militaiy  hospital  at  Kyde. 
--Sir  W.  Scott.  The  Surgeon's  Ikmgkter 
(time,  George  II.). 

Seer  {Jht  Pomghkeepsie),  Andrew 
Jackson  Davit. 

Segonti'arL  inhabitants  of  parts  of 
Hampshire  and  Berkshire,  referred  to  in 
the  (Jommentariet  ot  Ciesar. 

Seieen'to  (8  «y/.).  •  the  sixteenth 
eentury  of  Italian  notables,  the  period  of 
bad  taste  and  degenerate  art.  The  de- 
graded art  is  termed  SetoeiUistOf  and  the 
notables  of  the  |>eriod  the  SeicenUttL 
The  style  of  writing  was  inflated  and 
bombastio,  and  that  of  art  was  what  is 
termed  **  rococo."  The  chief  poet  waa 
Marini  (1669-1616),  the  chief  painter 
Caravaggio  (ld6d-1609),  the  chief  sculp- 
tor  Bernini  (1693-1680),  and  the  chief 
architect  Burromini  (1699-1607). 

Sede,  in  Voltaire's  trasedy  of  Mahomet, 
was  the  character  in  which  Talma,  the 

freat  French  tragedian,  made  his  d^but  in 
787. 

Beidel-Beckiry  the  most  famoos  of 
all  talismanists.  He  made  three  of 
extraordinary  power :  viz.,  a  little  golden 
fish,  which  would  fetch  from  the  sea 
whatever  was  desired  of  it;  a  poniard, 
which  rendered  the  person  who  bore  it  I 


invisible,  and  all  others  whom  he  wished 
to  be  so ;  and  a  sted  ring,  which  enaUed 
the  wearer  to  read  the  secrets  of  ancrther't 
heart.— Comte  de  Caylus,  OriemUd  Tatea 
("  The  Four  Talismans,"  1743). 

Seine  (1  <y/.),  put  for  Paris.  Tenny- 
son calls  the  red  repuhlicauam  of  Paos, 
"  The  red  fool-fuy  of  the 
SettmgtJte  Seine  anjire, 
a  drag-net  as  well  as  a  river.  H< 
drag-men  are  called  in  Frencb  kepickemt 
d  la  •einej  and  it  has  been  argued  that 
the  French  expression,  *'  He  wiH  never 
set  the  Seine  on  fire,"  arose  from  the 
laet  that  an  aetive  fisherman  puUing  the 
seine  up  vwy  briskly  was  liable  to  set  it  oa 
fire ;  a  laxy  one  was  not.  But  it  is  quite 
as  probable  that  the  phrase  was  borrow* 
ed  from  the  familiar  English  one  about 
setting  the  Thames  on  fire  (for  deriva- 
tion of  which  see  Tvambs),  ea>eeial]y  as 
it  is  very  seldom  used  by  the  French, 
their  equivalent  being , "  He  is  not  fit  to 
be  tru^ed  in  the  powder-magatinef." 

Sejanns  {JBUms),  a  minister  of 
Tibdnus,  and  commander  of  the  prvtorian 
guards.  His  affability  made  him  a  gnat 
nvourite.  In  order  that  he  ought  be 
the  foremost  man  of  Rome,  all  the 
childrm  and  granddiUdien  of  the  em- 
peror wen  put  to  death  under  sundry 
pretences.  Drusus,  the  son  of  Tiberius, 
then  fell  a  victim.  He  next  petinsded 
the  emperor  to  retire,  and  Tibenua  went 
to  Campania,  leaving  to  Sejlnua  the  sole 
management  of  affairs.  He  now  called 
himsdf  emperor ;  but  Tiberius,  roused 
from  his  lethargy,  accused  his 
of  treason.  The  senate  condemned 
to  be  strangled,  and  his  remaina,  being 
treated  with  the  grossest  insolence,  were 
kicked  into  the  Tiber,  A.D.  3L 
the  subject  of  B«k  JoMso's 
pUy,  entitled  S^mmu  (1603). 

Settln  or  S^n-  the  leconl  of  all 
evil  deeds,  whetherby  men  or  the  genii, 
kept  by  tha  recording  angeL  It  also 
means  that  dungeon  beneath  the  seventh 
earth,  where  ^lis  and  his  oompaniens 
are  cmifined. 

In  S4Mn.— flik.  Al  K0rdH,  luxttL 

Selby  (CbpfcMa),  an  officer  In  the 
guards.— Sir  W.  Seott,  PeverU  of  t4# 
Peak  (time,  Charles  11.). 

Self- Admiration  Society  (The). 
Poets:  Morris,  Rosetti,  and  Swinburne. 
Painters :  Brown,  Mutton,  Whistler,  and 
some  others. 


SEUM. 


887      SEMIRAMIS  OF  THE  NORTH. 


Seliniy  son  of  Abdallah,  who  was 
murdered  by  his  brother  Giaffir  (pacha  of 
Aby'dos).  After  the  death  of  his  brother, 
Giaffir  (2  syl.)  took  Selim  under  his 
charge  and  brought  him  up,  but  treated 
him  with  considerable  cruelty.  Giaffir 
had  A  dau^ter  named  Zuleika  (3  syt.), 
with  whom  Selim  fell  in  love ;  but 
Zuleika  thought  he  was  her  brother.  As 
soon  as  Giaffir  discovered  the  attachment 
of  the  two  cousins  for  each  other,  he 
informed  his  daughter  that  he  intended 
her  to  marry  Osmyn  Bey;  but  Zuleika 
eloped  with  Selim,  the  pacha  pursued 
after  them,  Selim  was  shot,  Zuleika 
killed  herself,  and  Giaffir  was  left  child- 
less and  alone. — Byron,  Bride  cf  Abydo$ 
(1818). 

SelinL,  son  of  Acbar.  Jehanguire  was 
called  Selim  before  his  accession  to  the 
throne.  He  married  Nourmahal  the 
**  Light  of  the  Haram,*^  but  a  coolness 
rose  up  between  them.  One  night,  Nour- 
mahal entered  the  sultan's  banquet-room 
as  a  lute-player,  and  so  charmed  youuK 
Selim  that  he  exclaimed,  "  If  Nourmabid 
had  so  sung,  I  could  have  forgiven  her ! " 
It  was  enough.  Nourmahal  threw  o£F 
her  disguise,  and  became  reconciled  to 
her  husband. — ^T.  Moore,  Laila  Rookh 
(«*  Ught  of  the  Haram,'*  1817). 

SdiMy  son  of  the  Moorish  king  of 
Algiers.  [Horush]  Barbarossa,  the  Greek 
renegade,  having  made  himself  master 
of  Jogieis,  slew  the  reigning  king,  but 
Selim  escaped.  After  the  lapse  of  seven 
years,  he  returned,  under  the  assumed 
name  of  Achmet,  and  headed  an  uprising 
of  the  Moors.  The  insurgents  succeeded, 
Barbarossa  was  slain,  the  widowed  queen 
Zophlra  was  restored  to  her  husband's 
throne,  and  Selim  her  son  married  I  rend 
daughter  of  Barbarossa. — J.  Brown,  Bar- 
ftorosM  (1742  or  1755). 

SeUm^  friend  of  Eten  (the  supposed 
■oo  of  Zamti  the  mandarin). — Murphy, 
The  Orphm  of  China  (1759). 

Sellma,  daughter  of  Bajazet  sultan 
of  Turkey,  in  love  with  prince  Axalla, 
but  promised  by  her  father  in  marriage 
to  Omar.  When  Selima  refused  to  marry 
Omar,  Bajazet  would  have  slain  her ;  but 
Tamerlane  commanded  both  Bajazet  and 
Omar  to  be  seized.  So  every  obstacle 
was  removed  from  the  union  of  Selima 
and  Alalia.— N.  Howe,  Tamerlane  (1702). 

SePima.  one  ef  the  six  Wise  Men  from 
tlie  East  led  by  the  guiding  star  to  Jesus, 
-^Klopstock,  The  jRssiah,  v.  (1771). 


8d1ith»  one  of  the  two  guardiin 
angels  of  the  Virgin  Mary  and  of  John 
the  Divine. — ^Klopstock,  The  Messiah,  ix. 
(1771). 

Sellook  (Cisly),  a  servant-girl  in  the 
service  of  lady  and  sir  Geoffrey  Peveril 
of  the  Peak.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Feverii  of  the 
Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

g>Al-mn.^  the  roval  residence  of  Fingal, 

in  Morven  (norui-west  coast  of   Soot- 

hmd). 

BalBUL  Oa  Y^Bt  ten  dktoL    Tb«n  b  no  KNrad  la  Um 
woods  of  Morroo.    Owliin,  Latkmtn. 

Belvaggiou  the  father  of  sir  Industnr, 
and  the  hero  of  Thomson's  Castle  of  in- 
dolence. 


In  Fklnr-knd  1h«M  nvdl »  knWtt  oToU. 

Of  timtwn  Mem.  Sdvasgio  well  7-dBpt| 
A  rough,  anpoJbbod  nun.  robiut  and  bold. 

But  woodnwf  poor.    Ht  MiUMr  aoved  »or  nmftd ; 

Mt  stortt  In  Munimr  far  oold  wintar  iMBped. 
In  hanUng  all  hi*  6m  awajr  he  wofo— 

Mow  toorched  by  /une.  now  In  No?«piber  iteepe^ 
Mow  tWnehed  by  blUng  Januaiy  ■on. 
He  eUU  in  woods  panned  tiie  ttbbaid  and  the  hoar. 

Thouno.  Ocutl*  ^f  IndolenM,  0.  0  (174B). 

Sem'ele  (3  sy/.),  ambitious  of  enjoy- 
ing Jupiter  in  all  his  glory,  perished 
from  the  sublime  effulgence  of  the  god. 
This  is  substantially  the  tale  of  the 
second  story  of  T.  Moore's  Loves  of  the 
Angels.  Liris  requested  her  angel  lover 
to  come  to  her  in  all  his  angelic  brif^t- 
ness :  but  was  burnt  to  ashes  as  she  fell 
into  his  embrace. 

For  majesty  ghres  noufhi  to  mlUects, .  .  . 
A  royal  smile,  a  niinm's  glorioae  ngrs. 
Like  SimdA.  would  kill  i»  with  Its  blaHi 

Peter  Pindar  [Dr.  Woleotl  Pfarm  ^ 

Sdmi'dfL  the  ^oung  man,  the  only 
son  of  a  widow,  raised  n-om  the  dead  by 
Jesus,  as  he  was  being  carried  from  the 
walls  of  Naln.  He  was  deeply  in  love 
wiUi  Cidli,  the  daughter  of  Jairus. 

He  was  In  Uie  Uoom  of  Ufa.    Hb  hnta-  hong  to  cvh 


on  kb  shoulders,  and  be  appeared  as  beautlftil  as  DnvM 
when,  sitting  by  the  stream  of  Bethlehem,  he  was  ravWied 
attheTotoeelOod.    KlopKeck,  TiU  if  esiin*,  Vi.  (1771). 

Semir'amis,  queen  of  Assyria,  wife 
of  Ninns.  She  survived  her  husband, 
and  reigned.  The  gloiv  of  her  rei^ 
stands  out  so  prominently  that  she  quite 
eclipses  all  the  monarchs  of  ancient 
Assyria.  After  a  reign  of  forty-two 
vcars,  she  resigned  the  crown  to  her  son 
Ninj^as,  and  took  her  flight  to  heaven  in 
the  form  of  a  dove.  Semiramis  was  the 
daughter  of  Dercfito  the  fish-goddess 
and  a  Syrian  youth,  and,  being  exposed 
in  infancy,  was  brought  up  by  doves. 

Semiramis  of  the  NorthL  Mar- 
garet, daughter  of  Waldemar  III.  of 
Denmark,    At  the  death  of  her  fathWi 


8EMIRAMIS  or  THS  NORTH.   W    SENTIMENTAL  ^OURNET. 


■he  succeeded  bim ;  by  the  death  of  her 
husband,  Haco  YIII.  king  of  Norway, 
she  succeeded  to  that  kingdom  also ;  and 
having  conquered  Albert  of  Sweden,  she 
added  Sweden  to  her  empire.  Thus  was 
the  queen  of  Denmark,  Norway,  and 
Sweden  (135»-1412). 

Scmirimis  of  the  North,  Catharine  of 
Russia,  a  powerful  and  ambitious  sove- 
reign, but  licentious,  sensual,  and  very 
immond  (1729-1796). 

fiemkaily  the  angel  of  the  winds  and 

waves. 

I  k«v  tbB  iflaM  In  Ava  with  «m  kand  vhlch  jnm  k« 
fai  the  «ir,  and  pnrpnt  the  whid  HaMft  from  ccmlng 
farih.  If  J  ayre  H  >umIom.  tt  irguld  n4m»  the  onifewe 
to  powder.  With  mf  other  hand  I  hinder  the  aoa  Drow 
overflowing,  without  which  precaution  It  would  eorer  the 
ftice  oT  the  whole  ettth.-ColBte  da  Chrisa.  OHeitfal  7W«< 
("  Ulttaiy  of  Ahdal  Motalleh,"  17dt). 

6emo  (Son.  of),  CnthulliB  general  of 
the  Irish  tribes. 

Sempro'nius,  one  of  the  *'  friends  ** 
of  Timon  of  Athens,  and  **  the  first  man 
that  e'er  received  a  gift  from  him." 
VThen  Timon  sent  to  borrow  a  sum  of 
money  of  "  his  friend,"  he  excused  him- 
self thus:  As  Timon  did  not  think 
proper  to  ftpply  to  me  first,  but  asked 
others  before  faie  sent  to  me,  I  consider 
his  present  application  an  insult.  **  Go,** 
said  he  to  tae  servant,  **and  USX  your 
master: 

Who  bate  mine  honour  ihall  not  know  my  eote.'* 
Shake^eara,  Timon ^  Atkmu^  aet  HL  ac  S  (ItOO). 

Sempr&niWy  a  treacherous   friend  of 

Cato  while  in  UtTca.    Sempronius  tried 

to  maak  his  treason  bpr  excessive  seal 

and  unmeasured  animosity  against  Caraar, 

irith  whom  he  was  acting  in  alliance. 

He  laved  Marcia,  Cato*s  daughter,  but 

his  love  was  not  honourable  love ;  and 

when  he  attempted  to  carry  off  the  lady 

bv   force,   he  was   slain   by  Juba   the 

Numidian    prince. — J.    Addison,     QUo 

(1718). 

rUeenoHd 
Mv  tbouihti  hiMarion.  *tb  tlw  avcit  war . 
I'm  hdlow  out  for  Rome  and  ror  mf  ooantrj. 
And  mouth  at  Owar  till  I  slwke  thewnata. 
Your  cold  hn>ocrl^»  a  atale  davica, 
A  woru-out  trldt. 

AfltLL 

Sena'nus  ('^Oi  the  saint  who  fied 
to  the  island  of  Scattery,  and  resolved 
that  no  woman  should  ever  step  upon  the 
isle.  An  angel  led  St  Can'ara  to  the 
isle,  but  Senanus  refused  to  admit  her. — 
T.  Mooie,  Irish  Melodies  (**St.  Senanos 
and  the  Lady,"  1814). 

Sen'eoa  (The  Chriatian),  bishop  HaU 
of  Norwich  (1574-1666). 


Bene'na  ^8  syL)^  a  Welsh  maiden  in 
love  with  Caradoc  She  dressed  in  boy'a 
clothes,  and,  under  the  assumed  name  of 
Mervyn,  became  the  page  of  the  prificesa 
Goervyl,  that  she  might  follow  her  lover 
to  America,  when  Madoc  colonized  Caer- 
Madoc  Senena  was  promised  in  mar- 
riage to  another ;  but  when  the  wedding 
day  arrived  and  all  was  ready,  the  bride 
was  nowhere  to  be  found. 

Her  Ivldal  fohea.  and  dliH  her  «o3U  fecki. 
And  pot  an  hegr)!  altira.  thfo' wood  and  wM 
Vo  aeek  har  own  tnie  kva ;  andiparaaiw 
rtDOaUiv  all  lor  htm.  dM  foBowed  hhS: 

SonttNT.  Mmd4t.  B.  SIOM^. 

Sennaolierlb,  called  by  the  Orien- 
tals king  Moussal. — D'HerbeloL  Notes  to 
the  Konin  (seventeenth  century). 

SennamaXj  a  very  skilful  ardiiteci 
who  built  at  Hirah,  for  Ndman-al-Adnar 
king  of  Hirah,  a  most  magnificent  palace. 
In  order  that  he  might  not  buUd  another 
equal  or  superior  to  it  for  some  other 
monarch,  Noman  cast  him  headlong  from 
the  highest  tower  of  the  bail<ung. — 
D'Herbclot,  BiMiotheqne  Orientale  (1^). 

*f*  A  parallel  tale  is  told  of  Neim - 
heid  (2  sy/.),  who  employed  foor  archi- 
tects to  build  for  him  a  palace  in  Ireland^ 
and  then,  jealous  lest  toey  should  build 
one  like  it  or  superior  to  it  for  another 
monarch,  he  had  them  all  privately  pot 
to  death.— O'HaUorao,  mstory  of  JrelamtL 

Bensitivo  {Lord)^  a  young  nobleman 
of  amorous  proclivities,  who  marries 
Sablna  Rosny,  a  French  refugee,  in 
Padua,  but  leaves  her,  more  from  reck- 
lessness than  wickedness.  He  comes  to 
England  and  paj^s  court  to  lady  Ruby, 
a  nch  youn^  widow ;  but  lady  Ruby 
knows  of  his  marriage  to  the  youn^ 
French  girl,  and  so  hints  at  it  that  hia 
lordship,  who  is  no  libertine,  and  has  a 
great  regard  for  his  honour,  sees  that  hia 
marriage  is  known,  and  tells  lady  Ruby 
he  will  start  without  deli^  to  Fmdwk, 
and  bring  hia  young  wife  home.  This, 
however,  was  not  needful,  as  Sabina  was 
at  the  time  the  guest  of  lady  Rnby. 
She  is  called  foru,  and  lord  Sensitive 
openly  avows  her  to  be  his  wife. — Cum- 
berland, First  Love  (1796). 

Sentimental  Joum^  (^n^)t  hy 
Laurence  Sterne  (1768).  It  was  intended 
to  be  sentintental  sketches  of  histonr 
through  Italy  in  1764,  but  he  died  soon 
after  completing  the  first  part.  The 
tourist  lands  at  Calais,  and  the  first 
incident  is  his  interview  with  a  poor 
monk  of  St  Francis,  who  begged  alnu 


SENTIMENTAL  JOURNEY. 


889 


SERASKIER. 


for  his  oonyent.  Steme  refused  to  give 
anything,  but  his  heart  smote  him  for  his 
churlishness  to  the  meek  old  man.  From 
Calais  he  goes  to  Montriul  (Montreuil- 
aur-Mer),  and  thence  to  Nampont,  near 
Cressy.  Here  occurred  the  incident,  which 
ifl  one  of  the  most  touching  of  all  the 
sentimental  sketches,  that  of  **  The  Dead 
Ass."  His  next  sta£;e  was  Amiens,  and 
thence  to  Paris.  While  looking  at  the 
Bastille,  he  heard  a  voice  crying,  *'I  can't 
^et  out !  I  can't  get  out !  "  He  thought 
It  was  a  child,  but  it  was  only  a  caged 
starling.  This  led  him  to  reflect  on  the 
delights  of  liberty  and  miseries  of  cap- 
tivity. Giving  reins  to  his  fancy,  he 
imaged  to  himself  a  prisoner  who  for 
thirty  years  had  been  confined  in  a  dun- 
geon, during  all  which  time  **he  had 
seen  no  sun,  no  moon,  nor  had  the  voice 
of  kinsman  breathed  through  his  lattice.** 
Carried  away  by  his  feelings,  he  burst 
into  tears,  for  he  **  could  not  sustain  the 

E'cture  of  confinement  which  his  fancy 
id  drawn."  While  at  Paris,  our  tourist 
visited  Yersailles,  and  introduces  an  in- 
cident which  he  had  witnessed  some  years 
previously  at  Rennes,  in  Brittany.  It 
was  that  of  a  marquis  reclaiming  his 
sword  and  '*  patent  of  nobility."  Any 
nobleman  in  France  who  encaged  in 
trade,  forfeited  his  rank ;  but  there  was 
a  law  in  Brittany  that  a  nobleman  of 
reduced  circumstances  might  deposit  his 
sword  temporarily  with  the  local  magis- 
tracy, and  if  better  times  dawned  upon 
him,  he  might  reclaim  it.  Steme  was 
present  at  one  of  these  interesting  cere- 
monies. A  marquis  had  laid  down  his 
sword  to  mend  his  fortune  by  trade,  and 
after  a  successful  career  at  Martinico  for 
twenty  years,  returned  homei  and  re- 
claimed it.  On  receiving  his  deposit  from 
the  president,  he  drew  it  slowly  from  the 
scabbard,  and,  observing  a  spot  of  rust 
near  the  point,  dropped  a  tear  on  it.  As 
he  wiped  the  blade  lovingly,  he  remarked, 
"  I  shall  find  some  other  way  to  get  it 
off.**  Returning  to  Paris,  our  tourist 
starts  for  Italv ;  but  the  book  ends  with 
his  arrival  at  Moulines  (Moulins).  Some 
half  a  league  from  this  city  he  encountered 
Maria,  whose  pathetic  ston^  had  been 
told  him  by  Mr.  Shandy.  She  had  lost 
her  goat  when  Steme  saw  her,  but  had 
inst<»d  a  little  dog  named  Silvio,  led  by 
a  string.  She  was  sitting  under  a  poplar, 
playing  on  a  pipe  her  vespers  to  the 
Virgin.  Poor  Maria  had  been  crossed  in 
love,  or,  to  speak  more  strictly,  the  cur^ 
of  Mo^'»»—  Asd  forbidden  her  banns,  and 


the  maiden  lost  her  reason.  Her  story  is 
exquisitely  told,  and  Steme  says,  **  Co'uld 
the  traces  be  ever  worn  out  of  her  brain, 
and  those  of  Eliza  out  of  mine,  she  should 
not  only  eat  of  my  bread  and  drink  of  my 
cup,  but  Blaria  should  lie  in  my  bosom, 
and  be  unto  me  as  a  daughter.'* 

Sentinel  and  St.  Paul's  Clock 
(The),  The  sentinel  condemned  to  death 
by  court-martial  for  falling  asleep  on  his 
watch,  but  pardoned  because  he  afllrmed 
that  he  heard  St.  Paul's  clock  strike 
thirteen  instead  of  twelve,  was  John 
Hatfield,  who  died  at  the  age  of  102, 
June,  1770. 

Sentrr  (Captam),  one  of  the  members 
of  the  dub  under  whose  auspices  the 
Spectator  was  professedly  issued. 

September  Massacre  (The),  the 
slan^ter  of  loyalists  confined  in  the 
Abbaye.  This  massacre  took  place  in 
Paris  between  September  2  and  5,  1792, 
on  receipt  of  the  news  of  the  capture  of 
Verdun.  The  number  of  victims  was 
not  less  than  1200,  and  some  place  it  as 
high  as  4000. 

September  the  Third  was  Crom- 
well's day.  On  September  8,  1650,  he 
won  the  battle  of  Dunbar.  On  Sep- 
tember 3,  1G51,  he  won  the  battle  of 
Worcester.  On  September  3,  1658,  he 
died. 

Serab,  the  Arabic  word  for  the  Fata 

morgana, — See  Quintus  Curtius,  De  Sebtis 

Alexandria  vii. 

Hm  Arabic  word  SerAh  tigaH^u  fhai  ftdte  npiManuMS 
vhleh.  in  Ewtern  oountrtai.  b  oftoa  aeeo  in  mumv  pWai 
•bout  iMMNi,  reMmbUug  a  larxc  lako  of  water  in  motion. 
It  is  ooeadoned  by  the  revoiwration  of  the  tanbeami. 
It  aoHMtimef  tempts  thbs^  trardien  out  of  their  way, 
but  decclvw  tbem  when  they  ooaie  near.  elUier  going 
forward  or  quite  vanishing.— S^  At  Kor^  xxir.  neteiL 

The  aetlona  of  mbeUeTWi  art  Iflt*  the  aecAb  of  the 
pbdn:  he  who  is  UUnty  talus  it  lor  watsr,  and  find*  it 
deceit. — A I  Kordn. 

Seraphic  Doctor  {The),  St.  Bona- 
ventura,  placed  by  Dante  among  the 
sainto  of  his  Paradiao  (1221-1274). 

Seraphic  Ssdnt  {The),  St.  Francis 

d'Assisi  (1182-1226). 

Ofall  the  aalnta,  St.  Frtnds  was  tile  most  blamel— and 
fsntla.— Dean  Milman. 

Seraphina  Arthuret  {Miss),  a 
pai  ist.  Her  sister  is  Miss  Angelica 
Arthuret— Sir  W.  Scott,  Eedgawntlct 
(time,  Geo^e  III.). 

Sera'pis,  an  Egyptian  deity,  sym- 
bolizing the  Nile,  and  fertility  in  general. 

Seraskier'  (3  sy/.),  a  name  given  by 


SERB. 


890 


SERPENT. 


the   Tarks   to   »    general    of   divition, 

generally  a  pacha   with   two    or  three 

tails.    (JPereiui,  scri  asker^  **head  of  the 

army.") 

three  UHMuand  Modenw  peiirfMd  hm, 
And  abioen  bayoneU  ptereod  tbe  tenukier. 

Byron,  Don  Juan.  tUI.  81  (18S4. 

Serb,  a  Servian  or  native, of  Servia. 

Serbo'nian  Bog  (Tlie).  Serbon 
wan  a  lake  a  thousand  miles  in  compass, 
between  mount  Ca'sius  and  tbe  city  of 
Damietta,  one  of  the  eastern  mouths  of 
the  Nile,  llie  Serbonian  Hog  was  sur- 
rounded on  all  sides  by  hills  of  loose 
sand,  and  the  sand,  carried  into  it  by  high 
winds,  floated  on  tlie  surface,  and  looked 
Uke  a  soKd  mass.  Herodotos  {Greek 
History^  ii.  6)  tells  ns  that  whole  armies, 
deceived  by  the  appearance,  hare  been' 
engulfed  in  tbe  bog.  (See  also  Diodo'rus 
Siculus,  BiUioVieoa  nistoria,  i.  35 ;  and 
Lucan*s  Pharsalia,  viii.  539.) 


A  goir  ptofound  M  Uwt  Serbonfam 
Betwixt  Dnnilata  (3  «wl.)  and  nu 
Whan  armlee  whole  Mve  Mnk. 


old. 


wixt  Dnnilata  (3  «wl.)  and  mount  < 
miee  whole  have  Mnk. 
Mttloo,  PmrmUm  Utt,  U.  flSt,  eto.  QtOS^ 


Diodoms  Siculus  {BAlMheca  HisioriOy 
i.  80)  says :  '*  Many,  missing  their  way, 
have  beui  swallowed  up  in  this  bog, 
together  with  whole  armies."  Dr.  Smith 
says  :  "When  Darius  Ochus  was  on  his 
way  to  Egypt,  this  b<^  was  the  scene  of 
at  least  a  partial  destruction  of  the  Persian 
arm^"  (Classical  Dictionary,  art.  **  Ser- 
bOnis  Lacus  "). 

Soreme'nas  (4  tyL),  brother-in-law 
of  king  Sardanapalus,  to  whom  he  en> 
trusts  nis  signet-ring  to  put  down  the 
rebellion  helped  by  Arbicds  the  Mede 
and  Bel^s  the  ChaldCan  soothsayer. 
Seremenes  was  slain  in  a  battle  with  the 
insurgents. — Byron,  Sardanapaltu  (1819). 

Sere'na,  allured  by  the  mildness  of 
the  weather,  went  into  the  fields  to  gather 
wild  flowers  for  a  garland,  when  she  was 
attacked  by  the  Blatant  Beast,  who 
carried  her  off  in  its  mouth.  Her  cries 
attracted  to  the  spot  sir  Calidore,  who 
compelled  the  beast  to  drop  its  ^aey. — 
Spenser,  Faery  Queen^  vi.  8  (1596). 

Berendib,  now  called  Ceylon,  When 
Adam  and  Eve  were  cast  down  from 
paradise,  Adam  fell  on  the  isle  of  Seren- 
dib,  and  Eve  near  Joddah,  in  Arabia. 
After  the  lapse  of  200  years,  Adam  joined 
Eve,  and  lived  in  Ceylon. 

We  pMaed  terenU  Ulands,  amongrt  oUien  the  ishmd  of 
Belk.  dWtant  alKwt  ten  days'  mM  from  thai  of  BeaeniaK— 
Armikm  Jtights  {"  SlndlMMl.*'  sixth  royaRe). 

%*  A  print  of  Adam's  foot  is  shown 

on  Pico  de  Adam,  m  the  island  of  Seren- 


dib  or  Ceylon.  Aoeording  to  tbe  JTorcm, 
the  garden  of  Eden  was  not  on  oar  earth 
at  all,  but  in  the  seventh  heaven. — Ludo- 
Tico  MamMxi,  Al  Kordn,  24  (1698). 

Sergis  (Sir)^  the  attendant  on  IrFna. 
He  informs  sir  Artegal  that  Irena  is  the 
captive  of  Grantorto,  who  has  sworn  to 
take  her  life  within  ten  days,  unless  some 
knight  will  volunteer  to  be  her  cham- 
pion, and  in  single  comlmt  prove  her 
mnoccnt  of  the  crime  laid  to  her  charge* 
—Spenser,  Faery  Queens  v.  11  (1596). 

BergiUB,  a  Nestorian  monk,  said  to 
be  the  same  as  Bobeiia,  who  resided  at 
Rosra,  in  Syria.  This  monk,  we  are  told, 
helped  MaJiomet  in  writing  the  Koron^ 
Some  say  it  was  Said  or  Felix  Bohein. 

Bobelm's  name.  In  tbe  books  of  ChrfillBi«  b  SeisiHL 
— BiMudI,  MUtorw,  M  (A.Dw  888). 

Serlan  Worma,  silkworms  fmm 
SerTcnm  (Qiina),  the  country  of  th« 
Ser^ ;  hence,  eerfoa  vestiSy  **  a  sflk  dress.** 


No  Seriaa  woraw  be  knowa,  tbat  vMi  tfaeta-  thread 
Draw  out  their  ilflun  Urea;  nor  dikro  prMa ; 

His  hunfas*  warm  floeSe  weO  to  hb  Ihlte  need. 
Not  In  that  proud  SMonian  tinctare  djed. 

pyn.  FMeher.  The  PurpU  ItUmd,  slL  (UUU 

Serimner,  the  wild  boar  whose  lard 
fed  the  vast  multitude  in  Einheriar,  the 
hall  of  Odin.  Though  fed  on  daily,  the 
boar  never  diminished  in  size.  Odin 
himself  gave  his  own  portion  of  tiie  lard 
to  his  ^o  wolves  Geri  and  Freki. — 
Soandinofyian  Mythology.  (See  Rustious^s 
Pio,  p.  862.) 

8eri'na»  daughter  of   lord   Acasfco. 

£  lighted   to   Chamont  (the   brother   of 
lonimia  '*the  orphan  )• — Otway,  The 
Orphan  (1680). 

BerisiTVBrttee,  tlM  Jaau  of  HIndA 

mythology. 

Berpent  (A),  emblem  of  the  tribe  of 
Dan.  in  the  old  church  at  Totness  is 
a  stone  pulpit  divided  into  compartments, 
containing  shields  decorated  with  the 
several  emblems  of  the  Jewish  tribes,  of 
which  this  is  one. 

Dan  ritaU  be  «  lerpent  by  the  wajr.  •■  adder  la  the 

Cth.  tbat  Nteth  the  borae'i  hedb.  w  that  hb  rMcr  ibd 
I  backward.— OMik  klix.  17. 

Serpent  (African),  (For  Laoan*s  lisi, 
see  under  Pharsalia.) 

The  Serpent  and  Satan,  There  is  aa 
Arabian  tradition  that  the  devil  be^^ 
all  the  animals,  one  after  another,  to 
carry  him  into  the  garden,  tJiat  he  might 
speak  to  Adam  and  Eve,  but  they  all 
refused  except  the  serpent,  w)k>  took  him 
between  two  of  its  teeth.  It  was  then 
the  most  bea«tiftil  of  all  ¥bm  anlMals. 


SEKPENT  lyiSABIT. 


891         SEVEN  CHAMPIONS,  ETC. 


md  widked  apen  1^8  Mid  feet. — ^Bfasudii 
Histors,  22  (a.d.  956). 

The     SerpenfB      Punishment,       The 

EmiiBhineiit  of  the  serpeot  for  tempting 
ve  was  this:  (1)  Michael  was  com' 
manded  to  cut  ofE  its  legs ;  and  (2)  the 
serpent  was  doomed  to  feed  on  hamaa 
excrements  ever  after. 

r  llMn«[/NMja  UiMrpleote,y  «  Klehael.  aoMl  «m 
tktmt  k  m^tdti  da  Mos.  y  to  dtao;  An— to  derM  aa 
■caJetiKhw  adMto  to  yriman  del  pwajno,  j  cortato  tos 
plarnaa.  7  d  quWera  canduar,  arrutnn  to  rUa  por  ttorra. 
YltaaiiA  4SMaiMa.«lqi»l  vino  riandaydtooto;  ror^ua 
en  nprobo  has  angiftarto  a  aquaatoa,  jr  ks  haa  toxbo 
immuiMlaa?  Yo  quiero  que  to<u  Iminimdlcto  nya,  jde 
todaa  ns  taQas.**  aaS— da  de  ■■§  cawyoa  aalre  fot  tn 
boca.  voniua  «q  Tentod  aUot  banua  panltanda,  j  tu  qn^ 
4affaa  harto  de  inimaodlda.— «o«^  pf  Bamahtu. 


Serpent  dlsabit.  an  enormous 
monster,  whose  head  rested  on  tiie  top  of 
the  Pic  du  Midi  de  Bigorre,  its  body 
filled  the  whole  valley  of  Luz,  St. 
iSauvear,  and  G^dres,  and  its  tail  was 
coiled  in  the  hollow  below  the  cirque  of 
Gavamie.  It  fed  once  in  three  months, 
and  supplied  itself  bpr  making  a  very 
strong  mspiration  of  its  breath,  where- 
upon eve^  living  thing  around  was 
drawn  into  Its  maw.  It  was  ultimately 
killed  hy  making  a  huge  bonfire,  and 
waking  it  from  its  torpor^  when  it 
became  enraged,  and  drawing  a  deep 
breath,  drew  the  bonHre  into  its  maw, 
and  died  in  agony. — Rev.  W.  Webster, 
A  Pyrenean  Legend  (1877). 

SevTMint  Stone.  In  a  cam  on  the 
Ifounaof  Mooming  was  a  serpent  which 
had  a  stone  on  the  tail,  and  **  whoever 
held  this  stone  in  one  hand  would  have 
ia  the  other  as  mnch  gold  as  heart  could 
destie.**-^  The  Mabinogium  (''Perednr,** 
twetfth  century). 

Senred  1^  GkxL  Wolset  said,  in 
his  fkll,  **  Had  I  but  served  my  God  with 
half  the  zeal  I  served  mv  king.  He  would 
not  in  mine  age  have  left  me  naked  to 
mine  enemies.**  —  Shakespeare,  Henry 
VIII.  act  iiL  sc.  2  (1601). 

Samrah,  when  he  was  deposed  from 
tbe  government  of  Basorah  by  Uie  caliph 
Moawiyah,  said,  **  If  I  had  served  God 
so  well  as  I  have  senred  the  caliph.  He 
would  never  have  condemned  me  to  all 
eternity." 

AinoTno  Pbrbz,  the  favourite  of 
Philip  II.  of  Spain,  said,  "Mon  zele 
etoit  si  grand  vers  ces  benignes  puissances 
[i.e.  Turm\  qid  si  j*en  eusse  eu  autant 
pour  Dieu,  je  ne  doubte  point  qu*il  ne 
m'eut  deja  recompen»^  de  son  paradis." 

The  earl  of  Gowrir,  when  m  1584  he 
was  led  to  execution,  said,  **If  I  had 
ferred  Ood  as  fiiitfafuily  as  I  have  dona 


the  king  [Jamn  F/.],  I  should  not  have 
come  to  this  end."--Spotswood,  History 
of  the  CkHTckof  Scotland,  882,  888  (1658). 

Service  Tree.  A  wand  of  the 
service  tree  has  the  power  of  renewing 
the  virulence  of  an  exhausted  poison. 
—  Comtesse  D*Aunoy,  Fairy  Tales 
("  Fiorina,"  1682). 

Ses'ame  (3  ^/.),  the  talismanic  word 
which  would  open  or  shut  the  door 
leading  into  the  cave  of  the  forty  thieves. 
In  order  to  open  it,  the  words  to  be 
uttered  were.  **Open,  Sesam^!**  and  in 
order  to  close  it,  *<  Shut,  SesamS ! "  Sesamd 
is  a  plant  which  yields  an  oily  grain,  and 
hence,  when  Caesim  fbr^  tiie  word,  he 
substituted  barley,  but  without  effect. 

Mn.  HabberflaUi  ooniii«  to  a  mafl  Iron  gratlag,  «x> 
efaansed  •ome  worda  wHh  mj  eompanhMM.  which  pro- 
duced aa  rnqdi  effeet  aa  the  *' Open.  8anuB«  1 "  of  Buraaty 
ranoviL— Lord  W.  P.  Lennox.  OWeftrMea.  adt,  L  SS. 

Openlnga  handkapcfatof.  In  vtilch  be  had  a  nunpto  of 
aeaan«,  ha  Inqalnd  of  mt  bow  nraeh  a  torge  measure  of 
Um  grate  waawwtb.  ..  1  toM  Mm  that,  aocotdfaig  to  the 


— —  ^f-  -■  ■  ■  ■     "  ■  ■  ■    —  "^ ™""   •     •    •    •  www*   «■■*«■    ^asBa^ %  vow^ra ""inm    %iv    fcUV 

Sreaent  price,  a  tone  maaaore  waa  worth  one  hondrad 
rachnu  of  tUver  ,  .  .  and  he  toft  the  aeaamA  with  ma^— 
^tvvMMM^Mt  r  Iha  Owtotton  Merebanf*  8toc7  •*). 

Sesostrifl  {The  Modem),  Napoleon 
Bonaparte  (1769, 1804-1816,  1821). 

But  where  ta  be.  the  modem,  mii^ttor  tor. 
WhOk  hem  no  bins:  HMl*  monaraha  dtmw  hto  ew  I 
The  now  Saaortria,  whoaa  nnharBcaad  Una, 
Freed  from  the  Mt.  bdtova  themaehraa  w^wl^ 
And  ipum  the  doat  o'er  which  Umv  erawtod  of  totok 
Chateed  to  the  chariot  of  the  chtoftala'aatotoT 

Rrren,  Ag«  nf  Brotua  (1821). 

\*  "ScsOstris^^inF^nelon'sTirtrtnaju^, 
is  meant  for  Loms  XIY. 

Set'eboB,  a  deity  of  the  Patagonians* 

Wa  art  b  of  andi  power. 
It  would  control  mjr  dam'a  fod  Seteboa. 

Bhakeapeara,  t%0  TempMt  (1609). 

'^i  iRf"fe.?*^  i^  **^  thwnaeHea  toMerad. 
rparMi  ttke  bnib,  and  cried  open  Seteboa  to  help  them.^ 
■den.  Mittvrw  nf  Tnuuifte. 

Sath»  a  servant  of  the  Jew  at  Ashby. 
Reuben  is  his  fellow-servaat.— Sir  W. 
Scott,  Ivanhoe  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Settle  (Elhana),  the  poet,  introduced 
by  sir  W.  Scott  in  PeveriUof  the  Peak 
(time,  Charles  II.). 

Seven  Bodies  in  Alchemy.  The 

Sun  is  gold^  the  Moon  silver,  Mars  iron. 
Mercury  quicksilver,  Saturn  lead,  Jupiter 
tin,  and  Venus  copper. 

The  bodtoa  aeren,  eefc,  k)  hem  heer  anoon : 
Sol  cold  to,  and  UmaiilTer  we  threpe ; 
Marajrran.  MercmtoqiarhaBTerweelqM; 
Satumaa  toed,  and  JuMtur  fai  tyn. 
And  Tenua  dper.  bjr  my  fader  kyn. 
Aanoar.  Oawrai^wji  Tmtm  (pratogne  to  "  The  Ohanonnea 

Yemanea  Ikto."  Utt). 

Seven  ChampionB  of  Chris- 
tendom (The):  St.  George  for  Eng- 
land; St.  Andrew  for  Scotland;  St. 
Patrick    for    Irebmd ;     St.    David    foi 


SEYEN-HILLED  CITY. 


892 


SEYKN  8LBBPERS. 


Wales ;  St  Denys  for  France ;  St  James 
for  Spain  ;  and  St.  Anthony  for  Italy. 

*«*  Richard  Johnson  wrote  The 
Famoui  History  of  the  Seven  Chaunpiona 
of  Christendom  (1617), 

Beven-Hilled  City  (The),  in 
Latin  Urbs  Septicollis ;  ancient  Rome, 
built  on  seven  hills,  surrounded  by 
Servius  TuUius  with  a  line  of  fortifi- 
cations. The  seven  hills  jire  the  Palla- 
tinus,  the  Capitolious,  the  Quirinilis,  the 
C«lius,  the  Aventlnus,  the  Yimin&Iis, 
and  Eaqoillnns. 

Seven  Mortal  Sins  (TV):  (1) 
pride,  (2)  wrath,  (8)  envy,  (4)  lust,  (5) 

tlattony,  (6)  avarice,  and  (7)  sk>th.    (See 
BVKN  YlRTUKS.) 

Seven  Biensi's  IS'tunber. 

October  7.  Elansl'a  fbai  yfaliM  to  hb  pow«r. 

7  month*  Rionii  i«l|rned  u  trlbuno. 

7  jmn  km  WM  obwattn  taOm. 

7  weolu  of  ratairn  mw  klm  wlthoat  m  omov  (Oct  TV 

7  «M  tiM  DunlMr  of  tbo  crowni  tbo  Bmbmi  coMfoti 


Seven  Senses  ( The),  According  to 
EoclesiatticuSf  they  are  seeing,  hearing, 
tasting,  feeling,  smelling,  understanding, 
and  speech. 


^10  UOfll  cfvMos 
or  tbo  Ave 
HeinnMrtotftH* 


Meehu.  xrlL  S. 


■M  •  •  •  WM  thfl^  FOOSlVOd  too  MO 

of  tbo  Lofd.  and  la  tbo  ilzth  ptaoo 

■nOontaiMUmi.  maA  In  tbo  nrontb 

of  tbo  cogltMioM  tboroot— 


Seven  Sisters  (The),  The  window 
in  the  ninth  transept  of  York  Cathedral 
is  so  called  because  it  has  seven  tall 
lancets. 

The  Seven  Sistera,  seven  culverins 
cast  by  one  Borthwick. 


And  tbooo  «oi«  Boctbwkk'o  ** 
And  cuhroriiit  wblcb  FnuMO  bod  fi 
m-omonod  sift  Hm  guns  ronaln 
Tbo  oonqnoror'a  noil  on  Fkiddon 
8ta>W.  Seott    ' 


tr.OStSk 

Seven  Sleepers  (The),  The  tale 
of  these  sleepers  is  told  in  divers  manners. 
The  best  accounts  are  those  in  the  Aonf  n, 
xviii.,  entitled,  "  llie  Cave,  Revealed  at 
Mecca  ;  '*  The  Golden  Legends^  by  Jacques 
de  Yoragine  ;  the  De  Qlona  Jtartyrmn, 
i.  9,  bv  Gregory  of  Tours ;  and  the 
Oriental  Taies,  by  comte  de  Caylus 
(1743). 

Names  of  the  Seven  Sleepers,  Gregory 
of  Tours  says  their  names  were:  Con- 
stantine,  Dionysius,  John,  Maximian, 
Malchus,  Martinian  or  Marcian,  and 
Seraplon.  In  the  Oriental  Tales  the 
names  given  are :  Jemlikha,  Mekchilinia, 
Mechlima,  Meriima,  Debermouch,  Char- 
nouch,  and  the  shepherd  Keschetiouch. 
Tl^r  names  are  not  given  in  the  Koran, 


NwiAer  of  the  SUepera.  Al  Seyid,  a 
Jacobite  Christian  of  Najr&n,  says  the 
sleepers  were  only  three,  with  their  dog ; 
others  maintain  that  their  number  was 
five)  besides  the  dog;  but  Al  Beid&wi, 
who  is  followed  by  most  aotfaorities, 
says  they  were  seven,  besides  the  dttr. 

Duration  of  the  Sleep,  The  Aor^ 
says  it  was  "  800  years  and  nine  years 
over;*'  the  Oriental  Talea  say  the 
same;  but  if  Gr^ry  of  Tours  is  foi> 
lowed,  the  duration  of  the  sleep  was 
barely  280  years. 

The  Legend  of  the  Seven  Sleepera.  (1) 
According  to  Gregory  of  Tours.  Gregory 
says  they  were  seven  noble  youths  ^ 
Ephesus,  who  fied  in  the  Dedaa  per- 
secntioB  to  a  cave  in  mount  Celion,  the 
mouth  of  whidi  was  blocked  up  by 
stones.  After  230  years  they  were  di»- 
covered,  and  awoke,  but  died  within  a 
few  days,  and  were  taken  in  a  large 
stone  coffin  to  Marseilles.  Yisitors  are 
still  shown  in  St.Yictor's  Church  the  stona 
coffin. 

If  there  is  any  truth  at  all  in  the  legend, 
it  amounts  to  this:  In  a.d.  250  some 
youths  (three  or  seven)  suffered  martvr- 
dom  under  the  emperor  Dedua,  **  fell 
asleep  in  the  Lord,'*  and  woe  buried  in 
a  cave  of  mount  Celion.  In  479  (the 
reign  of  Theodosius^  their  bodies  were 
discovered,  and,  being  consecrated  as 
holy  relics,  were  removed  to  ManeiUes. 

(2)  According  to  the  Oriental  Talea. 
Six  Grecian  vouths  were  slaves  in  the 
palace  of  Dakiinos  (Deciamta,  Deciua), 
Tim  Dakianos  had  risen  from  low 
degrees  to  kingly  honours,  and  gave 
himself  out  to  tc  a  ^^od.  Jemlikha  was 
led  to  doubt  the  divinitv  of  his  master, 
because  he  was  unable  to  keep  off  a  fly 
which  persistently  tormented  him,  and 
being  roused  to  reflection,  came  to  the 
conclusion  that  there  must  be  a  god  to 
whom  both  Dakianos  and  tiie  fly  were 
subject.  He  communicated  his  thou^ts 
to  his  companions,  and  they  all  fled 
from  the  Epuesian  court  till  they  met  the 
shepherd  Keschetiouch,  whom  they  con- 
verted, and  who  showed  them  a  cave 
which  no  one  but  himself  knew  of. 
Here  they  fell  asleep,  and  Dakianos, 
having  discovered  them,  commanded  the 
mouth  of  the  cave  to  be  closed  up. 
Here  the  sleepers  remained  309  years,  at 
the  expiration  of  which  time  they  all 
awoke,  but  died  a  few  hours  afterwards. 

The  Dog  of  the  Seven  Steepera,  In  the 
notes  of  the  Koran  b^  Sale,  the  doj^s 
same  is  Kratim,  Kratuner,  or  Katoiir* 


SEVEN  SORROWS  OF  MARY.       893    SEVEN  WISE  MEN  OF  GREECE. 


In  the  Oriental  Tales  it  is  Catnier,  which 
looks  like  a  clerical  blunder  for  Catmer, 
only  it  occurs  frequently.  It  is  one  of 
the  ten  animals  admitted  into  Mahomet's 
paradise.  The  Kordn  tells  us  that  the 
dog  followed  the  seven  young  men  into 
the  cave,  but  they  tried  to  drive  him 
away,  and  even  broke  three  of  its  legs 
with  stones,  when  the  dog  said  to  them, 
"I  love  those  who  love  God.  Sleep, 
masters,  and  I  will  keep  guard.'*  In  the 
Oriental  Tales  the  dog  is  made  to  say, 
•*  You  go  to  seek  God,  but  am  not  I  also 
a  child  of  God?"  Hearing  this,  the 
young  men  were  so  astounded,  they  went 
immediately,  and  carried  the  dog  into 
the  cave. 

2%e  Plaoe  of  Sepulture  of  the  Seven 
Sleepers,  Gregory  of  Tours  tells  us  that 
the  bodies  were  removed  from  mount 
Celion  in  a  stone  coffin  to  Marseilles.  The 
£ordn  with  Sale's  notes  informs  ns  they 
were  buried  in  the  cave,  and  a  chapel  was 
built  there  to  mark  the  site.  (See 
Slbrpbr.) 

The  Seven  Sleepers  turning  <m  their  sides. 

William  of  Malmesbury  savs  that  Edward 

the  Confessor,  in  his  mind  s  eye,  saw  the 

seven  sleepers  turn  from  their  right  sides 

to  their  left,  and  (he  adds)  whenever  they 

turn  on   their  sides    it  indicates  great 

disasters  to  Christendom. 

W<M,«Mt0BngUiHll    IlMTeieenaYialoa: 
Ibe  Mvaa  dOTpm  in  tke  avBof  KplMHi 
Hare  turned  from  right  to  left. 

TeoDTaon,  Barotd,  L  1. 

Seven  Sorrows  of  Mary  {The)  : 
n)  Simeon's  prophecy,  (2)  the  mght  into 
^nrpt,  (3)  Jesus  missed,  (4)  the  betrayal, 
Co)  the  crucifixion,  (6)  the  taking  down 
from  the  cross,  and  (7)  the  ascension. 
Her  Seven  Joys  were :  (1)  the  annuncia- 
tion, (2)  the  visitation,  (8)  the  nativity, 
(4)  the  adoration  of  the  Magi,  (5)  the  pre- 
sentation in  the  Temple,  (6)  finding  the 
lost  Child,  and  (7)  the  assumption. 

Seven  Times  Christ  Spoke  on 

the  Cross :  (I)  "  Father,  forgive  them  ; 
for  they  know  not  what  they  do : "  (2) 
**  To-day  shalt  thou  be  with  Me  in  para^ 
disc ;  "  (8)  "  Woman,  behold  thy  son  ! " 
(4)  "  My  God,  My  God,  why  hast  Thou 
forsaken  Me?"  (5)  "I  thirst;"  (6) 
"  It  is  finished  !  "  (7)  »» Father,  into  Thy 
hands  I  commend  My  spirit." 

Seven  Towers  (7%<f),  a  State  prison 
in  Constantinople,  near  the  sea  of  Mar- 
mora. It  stands  at  the  west  of  the 
Seraglio. 

Biailitn  Uegr  never  OMD*  to  tlwSOTMTVmcn. 

n>KHi,  Don  Juan,  r.  UU    (18S0 


Seven  Virtues  (The):  (l)  faith, 
(2)  hope,  (3)  charity,  (4)  prudence,  (6) 
justice,  (6)  fortitude,  and  (7)  temperance. 
The  first  three  are  called  "the  holy 
virtues."    (See  Seven  Mortal  Sins.) 

Seven  Wise  Masters.  Lucien 
the  son  of  Dolopathos  was  placed  under 
the  charge  of  Virgil,  and  was  tempted  in 
manhood  by  his  step-mother.  He  re- 
pelled her  advances,  and  she  accused  him 
to  the  king  of  taking  liberties  with  her. 
By  consulting  the  stars,  it  was  discovered 
that  if  he  could  tide  over  seven  days  hit  life 
would  be  spared  ;  so  seven  wise  masters 
undertook  to  tell  the  king  a  tale  each,  in 
illustration  of  rash  judgments.  When 
they  had  all  told  their  tales,  tiie  prince 
related,  under  the  disguise  of  a  tale,  the 
story  of  the  queen's  wantonness ;  where- 
upon Lucien  was  restored  to  favour,  and 
the  queen  was  put  to  death. — Sandabar, 
Parables  (contemporary  with  king  Cou- 
rou). 

*J*  John  Holland  of  Dalkeith  has 
rendered  this  legend  into  Scotch  verse. 
There  is  an  Arabic  version  by  Nasr 
Allsh  (twelfth  century),  borrowed  from 
the  Indian  by  Sandabar.  In  the  Hebrew 
version  bv  rabbi  Joel  (1270),  the  legend 
is  called  Kalilah  and  DtmnaA. 

Seven  Wise  Men  (ITu!), 

One  of  Plutarch's  brochttres  in  the 
Moralia  is  entitled.  **  The  Banquet  of  the 
Seven  Wise  Men,*  in  which  Periander  is 
made  to  give  an  account  of  a  contest  at 
Chalds  between  Homer  and  Uesiod,  in 
which  the  latter  wins  the  prize,  and  re- 
ceives a  tri[>od,  on  which  he  caused  to  be 
engraved  this  inscription : 

Ibk  Hesiod  vowi  to  the  HeUeonkn  nlna^ 
la  ClMkla  won  Craoi  Homer  Um  divtae. 

Seven  Wise   Men  of  Qreeoe 

(The) J  seven  Greeks  of  the  sixth  century 
B.C.,  noted  for  their  maxims. 

Bias.  His  maxim  was,  "  Most  men  are 
bad  "  ( ' '  There  is  none  that  doeth  good,  no, 
not  one,"  Psalm  xiv.  3) :  ok  mXiiovt  Kwtoi 
(fl.  B.C.  550). 

Chilo.     *'  Consider  the  end : "  T^Xov 

ipifV  fuuiftov  fiioo  (fl.  B.C.  690). 

Cleobvlos.  ** Avoid  extremes"  (the 
golden  mean) :  "Ap<tfrav  iUt^mv  (fl.  b.c. 
680). 

Periander.  **  Nothing  is  impossible 
to  industry"  (patience  and  perseverance 
overcome  mountains) :  McXem  t6  vOy  (b.c. 
665-585). 

PittXcos.  "Know  thy  opportunity  ** 
(seize  time  by  the  forelock) :  Kcu^i'  i¥S^ 
(B.C.  652-669). 


SEVEN  WONDERS  OF  WALES.  894 


8ou>R.  **  Know  thytelf :  **  l>A«i  Mew- 
Toy  (B.C.  638-568). 

ThIlks  (2  8yL).     "Suretyship  U  the 

ioreniDDer  of  nun*"  ("He  that  hjUcth 

Buretyihip  U  sare,"  Prov.  xi.  15) :  Enr^> 

wapa  a'&Tfi  (B.C.  636-546). 

nm  Solatt.  who  anit  the  AOairiMi  Imm: 
While  Chao,  in  8|Mru.  «M  ImmA  fbr  Ui  m«; 
In  UttHm  did  Thidte  aitroiuiny  Uach : 
BlwiiMd  lo  Pfffn4  Me  aaonli  to  iNVKcn ; 
OenMkM.  ef  Undta.  wm  haadaome  and  wimi 
Mit>liD«  ■Bintt  thfakloni  mw  Plttaeoe  rte; 
Penenderli  aid  to  hare  filned.  thro'  hie  eoar^ 
The  title  thai  Uymm^  the  CheaiaB.  oaght 

%*  It  is  PUto  who  Myt  that  Myson 
■ho»ld  take  the  place  of  Pmander  as  one 
of  the  Seren  Wise  Men. 

Seven  Wonders  ofWales  i2%e)  : 
(1)  Snowdon,  (2)  Pystyl  Rhaiadr  waters 
fall,  (3)  St.  Winifred's  well,  (4)  Overton 
chnrc^yard,  (5)  Gresford  choroh  bells, 
(6)  Wrexham  steeple  (?  tower),  (7)  Llan- 
gollen bridge. 

Seven  Wonders  of  the  Peak 

(Derbyshire) :  The  three  caves  called  the 
Devil's  Arse,  Pool,  and  Eden  ;  St.  Anne's 
Well,  which  is  similar  in  character  "  to 
that  most  daintr  spring  of  Bath  ;  **  Tides- 
well,  which  ebbs  and  flows  although  so 
far  inland ;  Sandy  Hill,  which  never 
increases  at  the  base  or  abates  in  height ; 
and  the  forest  of  the  Peak,  which  bears 
treec  on  hard  rocks. — Dra3rton,  Folyolbionf 
xxvi.  (a  full  description  of  each  is  given, 
1622). 

Seven  Wonders  of  the  World 
(7^):  (1)  The  pyramids  of  Egypt,  (2) 
the  ban^ring  gardens  of  Babylon,  (3)  the 
tomb  of  MausOlos,  (4)  the  temple  of  Diana 
at  Ephesus,  (5)  the  colossos  of  Rhodes, 
(6)  the  sUtne  of  Zeus  by  Phidias,  (7) 
the  pharos  of  Egypt,  or  else  the  palace  of 
Cyrus  cemented  with  gold. 

The  pyratnldc  lint,  which  ia  Borpt  vere  laid ; 
Kan  Bab^km'B  ffonUn,  §at  Amyfla  made: 
Then  iraiM0M'«  leaa  or  aSiKtkMi  aad  |»lb{ 
Fourth,  (he  inNDl*  «/  Man.  io  KpheBaeboUt; 
The  eofoeHH  (^  Mkodet,  cast  In  hnus.  to  the  MU ; 
BUth.  ./■irfler'e  Motiw.  hr  PhMlae  doae ; 
The  pkar9$  t^f  Egitfit,  lart  wonder  of  old. 
Or  pkta^t  qf  Cyru*,  cemented  with  (old. 

Sev^i  Tears. 

Barbarossa  changes  his  position  in  his 
sleep  every  seven  years. 

Cnarlemagne  starts  in  his  diair  froa 
sleep  everv  seven  years. 

Ogicr  the  Dane  stamps  his  iron  mace 
on  the  floor  every  seven  years. 

Olaf  Redbeard  of  Sweden  uncloses  his 
eyes  every  seven  years. 

Seven  Years*  War  {The),  the  war 
maintained  by  Frederick  IL  of  Prussia 


against  Austria,  Rmm,  and  Fnaee  (17M- 

1763). 

Seven  against  Thebes  {The), 
At  the  death  of  CEdlpus,  his  two  sons 
Ete^ligs  and  Polynlctjs  agreed  to  reign 
alternate  years,  but  at  tiie  expiiatioii  of 
tiie  flrst  year  EteodSs  refused  to  resign 
the  crown  to  his  brother.  Whereooon, 
PolynictiS  induced  six  others  to  join  him 
in  beiieging  Thebes,  but  the  expedition 
was  a  j£ilure.  The  names  oi  toe  seven 
Grecian  chiefs  who  marched  against 
Thebes  were:  Adrastos,  Amphiarios, 
Kapanens,  Hippomedon  {Argices)^  Par- 
thenop90s  {an  Arcadian),  Polynlcfa  (a 
TM>an)f  and  Tydeus  {an  .£oiian)^  (See 
Epiooni.) 

.£schylos  haa  a  tragedy  on  tha  sub- 
ject. 

Sevsrall,  a  prirafee  fSsnn  or  kod  with 
eadosures;  a  ^'champioD**  is  an  open 
farm  not  encloaed. 


The  other  deUghteCh  aol  aw  [< 
T.  TlMer.  A*«  Bma 

9.  m.  loan. 


a  oormpdon  of  Arerne^ 
daughter  of  Astrild.  The  legend  ia  this: 
King  Locryn  was  engased  to  Gwendolen 
daughter  ik  Corlneus,  D«t  seeing  Astrild 
(daughter  of  the  king  of  Germany),  who 
came  to  this  island  with  Homber  king 
of  Hnngai^,  fell  in  love  with  her.  While 
Oirineus  lived  he  durst  not  ofFoid  him, 
so  he  married  Gwendolen,  but  kept 
Astrild  as  his  mistress,  and  had  hj  her 
a  daughter  (Aveme).  When  Corinens 
died,  he  divorced  (Gwendolen,  and  de- 
clared Asteild  queen,  but  Gwendolen 
summoned  her  vassals,  dethroned  Locrjii, 
and  eaused  both  Astrild  and  Avone  to 
be  cast  into  the  river,  ever  since  called 
Severn  from  Aveme  '*  the  ktnges  dohter.** 


Hilton  says   thai  spirits 

assume  either  sex  at  pleasure,  and  Mi^ael 

PselluB  asserts  that  oemons  can  take  what 

sex,  shape,  and  colour  they  please,  and 

can  also  contract  or  dilate  their  form  at 

pleasure. 

*     Per  ^Mtit  when  they  lieaiBk 
Ghn  either  eek  eaaHae.  or  holh ;  neelk 
And  ttnoooipuanded  b  their  eaeaeepoia; 
Not  tkd  or  manecled  with  Joint  and  BmK 
Her  founded  on  the  brklk  itivaith  or  beoe^ 
fjh^  eumhroac  Serii. 

/^vWlM  IMCL  «a.  ele.  OfftS). 

8es.  Cbneus  and  Tiie'rias  were  at  one 
part  of  their  Uves  of  the  male  sex,  and  at 
another  part  of  their  lives  of  the  female 
sex.     (See  these  names.) 

Iphis  waa  first  a  woman,  and  tlwn  a 


8EXTU8. 


SQANASELLS. 


man.— Orid,  MeUwDOFfhotm^  ix.  12 ;  xiv. 
699. 

SextUB  [Tarquinius].  There  are 
seveial  points  of  reeemblance  in  the  stoiy 
of  Sextos  and  that  of  Paris  son  of  Priam. 
(1)  Paris  was  the  ^est  of  Menelftos 
when  he  eloped  with  his  wife  Helen ;  and 
Sextus  was  the  guest  of  Lncretia  when 
he  defiled  her.  (2)  The  elopement  of 
Helen  was  the  cause  of  a  national  war 
between  the  Greek  cities  and  the  allied 
cities  of  Troy;  and  the  defilement  of 
Locretia  was  the  cause  of  a  national  war 
between  Kome  and  the  allied  cities  under 
Por'sena.  (8)  The  contest  between  Greece 
and  Troy  terminated  in  the  victory  of 
Greece,  the  injured  party ;  and  the  con- 
test between  Koroe  and  the  supporters  of 
Tar^uin  terminated  in  fiaronr  of  Rome, 
the  mjored  party.  (4)  In  the  Trojan  war, 
Paris,  the  agicressor,  showed  himself  be- 
fore tibM  Trojan  ranks,  and  defied  the 
bnnrest  of  the  Greeks  to  single  combat, 
but  when  If  enelaos  appeared,  he  took  to 
flight ;  so  Sextos  rode  vamitingly  against 
the  Roman  host,  but  when  Herminins 
appeared,  fied  to  the  rear  like  a  coward. 
{6)  la  the  Trojan  contest,  Priam  and  his 
•one fell  fai  battle;  and  in  the  battle  of  the 
lake  Regilfais,  Tarqoin  and  his  sons  were 


*«*  Lord  Macaolay  has  taken  the 
«*  Battle  of  the  Lake  Regillus"  as  the 
•object  of  eoe  of  his  LayB  of  AncicrU 
Home.  Another  <^  his  lays,  called 
**Horatios,"  is  the  attempt  of  PorsSna 
to  re-establish  Tarquln  on  tne  throne. 

8^d,  pacha  of  the  llorea,  assassinated 
by  Gnlnare  (2  syL)  his  faveoritc  con- 
eubine.  Gulnare  was  rescued  from  the 
bnminff  harem  b^  Conrad  *'  the  corsair." 
Conrad,  in  the  disguise  of  a  dervise,  was 
detected  and  seized  in  the  palace  of  Seyd, 
and  Gulnare,  to  effect  his  hberatioii,  mur- 
dered the  pacha.— Byron,  The  Vortair 
(1814). 

Bewton  {Lord)^  a  tnpporter  of  queen 
Mary  s  cause. 

Oatkerme  Sej/ton^  daughter  of  lord 
Seyton,  a  maid  of  honour  in  the  court 
of  queen  Mary.  She  appears  at  Kinross 
Yillage  in  disguise. 

henry  SeyUm,  son  of  lord  Seyton. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Abbot  (time,  Elizar- 
beth). 

8fbrsa»  of  Lombardy.  He  with  his 
two  brothers  (Achilles  and  Palamedes, 
were  in  the  squadron  of  adventurers  in  the 
allied  Christian  army. — ^Tasso,  Jenuaiem 
DeUnertd  (1675). 


%*  The  word  Sforza  means  "foree,** 
and,  according  to  tradition,  was  derived 
thus :  Giacomuazo  Attendolo,  the  son  of  a 
day  labourer,  bein^  desirous  of  going  to  the 
wars,  consulted  his  hatchet,  resolving  to 
enlist  if  it  stuck  fast  in  the  tree  at  which 
he  flung  it.  He  threw  it  with  such  force 
that  the  whole  blade  was  comptetely 
buried  in  the  trunk  (fifteenth  century). 

Sforza  {Ludo&ico)^  duke  of  Milan,  sur- 
named  "the  More,"  from  mora^  "a  mul- 
berry" (because  he  had  on  his  arm  a  birth- 
stain  of  a  mulberry  colour).  Ludovico  was 
dotingly  fond  of  his  bride  Mareelia,  and 
his  love  was  amply  returned  ;  but  during 
his  absence  in  the  camp,  he  left  Francesco 
lord  protector,  and  Francesco  assailed  the 
fideiitv  of  the  young  duchess.  Failing  in 
his  viUainy,  he  accused  her  to  the  duke  of 
playing  the  wanton  with  him,  and  the 
duke,  in  a  fit  of  jealousy,  slew  her. 
Sforsa  was  afterwards  poisoned  by 
Eogena  (sister  nft  Francesco)  whom  he 
had  seduced. 

Nina  SforzOy  the  dnke*s  daughter. — 
Massinger,  The  Duke  of  Milan  (1622). 

*0*  This  tragedy  is  obviously  an  imita* 
tion  of  Shakespeare*s  Othclio  (1611). 

Sganarelle,  the  "  cocu  imaginaire," 
a  comedy  by  Molibre  (1660).  The  plot 
runs  thus :  C<^ie  was  betrotned  to  L^lie, 
but  her  father,  Gorelbus,  insisted  on  her 
marrying  Yal^re,  Because  he  was  the 
richer  man.  C^ie  fainted  on  hearing  this, 
and  dropped  her  lover's  miniature,  which 
was  picked  up  by  Sganarelle^s  wife. 
Sganarelle,  thinaing  it  to  be  the  portrait  of 
a  gallant,  took  possession  of  it,  and  Lelie 
asked  him  how  he  came  by  it.  Sganarelle 
said  he  took  it  from  his  wife,  and  L^ie 
supposed  that  Cdlie  had  become  the  wife 
of  Sganarelle.  A  series  of  misapprehen- 
sions arose  thence:  O^e  supposed  that 
L^ie  had  deserted  her  for  Madame 
S^narelle ;  Sganarelle  supposed  that  his 
wife  was  unfoithful  to  bim ;  madame 
supposed  that  her  husband  was  an  adorer 
of  C^ie ;  and  L^e  supposed  that  C^ie 
was  the  wife  of  Sganarelle.  In  time  they 
met  together,  when  L^lie  charged  C^ie 
with  bemg  married  to  Sganarelle ;  both 
stared,  an  explanation  followed,  a  mes- 
senger arrived  to  say  that  Vaibre  was 
married,  and  all  went  merry  as  a  marriage 
peal. 

Sga$uxrelle,  vonnger  brother  of  Ariste 
^2  syL) ;  a  surly,  domineering  brute,  wise 
in  his  own  conceit,  and  the  dupe  of  the 
I   play.     His  brother  says  to  him,  **tous 
*  Tos  proc^^  inspire  un  air  bixarre,  et, 


SGANAKELLB. 


896 


8GANARELLE. 


Insques  k  rbabit,  rend  toot  chez  voqb 
oarbare."  The.  father  of  Isabelle  and 
L^nor,  on  bis  death-bed,  committed  them 
to  the  charge  of  SgaDarelle  and  Ariste, 
who  were  either  to  marry  them  or  dispose 
of  them  in  marriage.  Sganarelle  chose 
Isabelle,  but  insisted  on  her  dressing  in 
^^^^  ^i°j?  to  bed  early,  keeping  at 
home,  looking  after  the  house,  mending 
the  linen,  knitting  socks,  and  never  flirt- 
ing with  any  one.  The  consequence  was, 
she  duped  her  guardian,  and  cajoled  him 
into  ^ving  his  signature  to  her  marriage 
with  Valfere. 

Malb«iii«iiz  qnl  ae  fie  4  fBmxne  apris  o^  i 
La  in«IUeare  est  toH)oun  en  nuUice  Mconde; 
(Jest  on  me  engeiMM  pour  damner  tout  le  moDde. 
Je  renounce  4  jauiAb  4  ce  mm  trompeur, 
Et  Je  le  donne  tout  au  diable  de  bon  ocrur. 

MoUtee.  r^eoto  de*  MarU  (1661). 

&janarelle  (8  syl.).  At  about  63  yean 
of  age,  Sganarelie  wished  to  marry  Don- 
m^ne  (3  syL)  daughter  of  Alcantor,  a  girl 
fond  of  dances,  parties  of  pleasure,  and 
all  the  active  enjoyments  of  young  life. 
Feeling  some  doubts  about  the  wisdom  of 
this  step,  he  first  consults  a  friend,  who 
dissuades  him,  but,  seeing  the  advice  is  re- 
jected, replies,  **  Do  as  you  like."  He  next 
consults  two  philosophers,  but  they  are 
so  absorbed  in  their  philosophy  that  ^ey 
pay  no  attention  to  hi m .  He  then  asks  the 
gipsies,  who  take  his  money  and  decamp 
with  a  dance.  At  length,  he  overhears 
Dorim^ne  telling  a  young  lover  that  she 
only  marries  the  old  dotara  for  his  money, 
and  that  he  cannot  live  above  a  few 
months ;  so  he  makes  up  his  mind  to 
decline  the  marriage.  The  father  of  the 
lady  places  the  matter  in  his  son^s  hands, 
and  the  young  fire-eater,  armed  with  two 
swords,  goes  at  once  to  the  old  fiano^^  and 
begs  him  to  choose  one.  When  Sganarelle 
declines  to  fight,  the  young  man  l^ts  him 
soundly,  ana  again  bids  him  choose  a 
sword.  After  two  or  three  good  beatings, 
Sganarelle  consents  to  the  marriage 
**forcd."--Moliere,  Le  Mariage  Forc€ 
(1664). 

(There  is  a  supplement  to  this  comedy 
by  the  same  author,  entitled  Sganarelle  ou 
Le  Cocu  Imofjinaire.) 

♦^*  This  joke  about  marrying  is  bor- 
rowed from  Rabelais,  Pantagmety  iii.  36, 
etc.  Panurge  asks  Trouillogan  whetlier 
hti  would  advise  him  to  marry.  The  sage 
says,  "  No."  **  But  I  wish  to  do  so,"  says 
the  prince.  '*Then  do  so,  by  all  means," 
says  the  sage.  "  Which,  then,  would  you 
advise  ?  "  asks  Panurge.  "  Neither, "  says 
Trouillogan.  "But,"  says  Panurge,  ** that 
16  not  possible."    "  Then  both,"  says  the 


■age.  After  thi^  Panurge  consults  many 
oUiers  on  the  subject,  and  lastly  the  orscle 
of  the  Holy  Bottle. 

The  plot  of  Moliere's  comedy  is  founded 
on  an  adventore  receded  of  the  count  of 
Grammont  (q.v.).  The  count  had  pro- 
mised marriage  to  la  belle  Hamilton,  but 
deserted  her,  and  tried  to  get  t«»  Fiance. 
Being  overtaken  by  the  two  brothers  of 
the  lady,  they  clapped  thetr  bands  on 
their  swords,  and  demanded  if  the  count 
had  not  foigotten  something  or  left  some- 
thing behind.  "True,"  said  the  count; 
"  I  have  forgotten  to  marry  your  sister  ;** 
and  returned  with  the  two  brothers  to 
repair  this  oversight. 

Sganarelle^  father  of  Ludnde.  Anxious 
about  his  daughter  because  she  has  loet 
her  vivacity  and  appetite,  he  emda  for 
four  physicians,  who  retire  to  coosolfc 
upon  tae  case,  but  talk  only  on  indifferent 
topics.  When  Sganarelle  asks  the  result 
of  their  deliberation,  they  all  differ,  both 
in  regard  to  the  disease  and  the  remedy 
to  be  applied.  Lisette  (the  lady*t  maid) 
sends  for  Clitandre,  the  lover,  who  comes 
disguised  as  a  quack  doctor,  tells  Sgana- 
relle that  the  young  lady's  disease  most 
be  acted  on  through  the  imagination,  and 
prescribes  a  mock  marriage.  S^nareUe 
consents  to  the  experiment,  butClitandre*8 
assistant  being  a  notary,  the  mock  mar- 
riage proves  to  be  a  real  one. — MoUezOi 
r  Amour  M€decin  (1665). 

Sganarelle^  husband  of  Martine.  He  is 
a  fag|^ot-maker,  and  has  a  quarrel  with 
his  wife,  who  vows  to  be  even  with  him 
for  striking  her.  Val^  and  Lucas  (two 
domestics  of  G^ronte)  ask  her  to  direct 
them  to  the  house  of  a  noted  doctor.  She 
sends  them  to  her  husband,  and  tells  them 
he  is  so  eccentric  that  he  will  deny  bein^ 
a  doctor,  but  they  mnst  beat  him  well. 
So  they  find  the  fa»ot-maker,  whom 
they  beat  soundly,  tul  he  consents  to 
follow  them.  He  is  introduced  to  Lucinde, 
who  pretends  to  be  dumb,  but,  being  a 
shrewd  man,  he  soon  finds  out  tbi^  the 
dumbness  is  only  a  pretence,  and  takes 
with  him  L^andre  as  an  apothecary. 
The  two  lovers  understand  each  other, 
and  Lucinde  is  rapidly  cured  with  "  pills 
matrimoniac."  —  Moli^re,  Le  M^aecm 
Malgr^  Lui  (leCQ). 

*^*  Sganarelle,  being  asked  by  the 
father  what  he  thinks  is  the  matter  with 
Lucinde,  replies,  '*  Entendez-vous  le 
Latin?"  "£n  aucune  fayon,"  says  G^ 
route.  *  *  Yous  n*entendez  point  le  Latin  ?  ** 
**  Non,  monsieur."    "  That  is  a  sad  pity," 


SGANARELLE. 


897 


SHAH. 


f«y8  Sganarelle,  "for  the  caM  may  be 
bnefly  stated  thus : 

Ckbrldv  acd  dunm,  enfliiini.  ■iagateriter.  no- 
miMUiTo.  hme  mom.  la  nmm.  boniM.  bonA.  bonam. 
IVm*  akncCaa,  Mtne  ocmtio  LaUiMut  Mlam,  •«*<,  mmn  f 
f»<iir«K<l  qidA  labittuitlvo  9i  adiecthnuu  ooneoraat  in 
•HMii  nonannn.  tH  omm."  "Wooibrftil  mnnl"  Mys 
the  Lither.— Act  ilL 

Sgan'aareUe  (3  92^/. )t  ^alet  to  don  Juan. 
He  remonstrates  with  his  master  on  his 
evil  wa^s,  bat  is  forbidden  sternly  to 
repeat  his'  impertinent  admonitions.  His 
praise  of  tobacco,  or  rather  snuff,  is  some- 
what amusing. 


Tttane  ftt  In  pnnrion  das  honnMai  gem;  at  qol  vlt 
tnbac  n'«t  pm  digne  d«  vhrra.  Non  wuleineat  U  r<Joult 
•t  pwse  In  oerranux  huinnlnt.  mail  eneor*  U  inatnilt  las 
ninaa  k  la  vwtn.  at  Ton  apprend  avac  kil  4  daraoir  boonAtn 
JHjmwaa  .  .  .  U  iuaplra  d«i  lentlaaanta  dlionMar  4  loua 
«aax  qnl  an  prannanl.— Molkve,  Don  Juan,  L  1  (ICM). 

8.  G.  O.,  the  initials  of  the  Rev.  lord 
Sidney  Godolphin  Osborne,  of  the  family 
of  the  duke  of  Leeds ;  letters  in  the  Timea 
on  social  and  philanthropic  subjects. 

Shaccabao,  in  Blue  Beard,     (See 

SCHACABAC.) 

IhnveiaanatrnnsariAlB.    II 


>  aaan  Wflklnaon  pk|r 
Mathewa.  "OthaUo:"  Wranch.  "Gaoava 


BamwaO;'^  Buckitona.  "lago;''  B^nar.  "  Panmd* 
doek : "  Kaalair.  "Bhjrloek:"  Lkton.  "Romao'and  "Oe> 
Uivfein;*  Q.  f.  Oooka.  "Mamtlo:''  John  Kamble. 
**  Aw-har ; "  Bdmnnd  Kann.  down  In  n  pontomUna; 
Mid  C  Yonnc  " ShacoabafB."— iBaepnt  ^aStag*  Vtt^rmm. 

"Macbeth,"  "Othello,"  "lago"  (in 
OtMlo), "  Shylock  "  {Merchant  of  Venice), 
*^ Romeo"  and  "Mercutio"  (in  Romeo 
and  Juliet) y  all  by  Shakespeare ;  "George 
Barnwell"  (UUo*s  tragedy  so  called); 
•*  Penruddock  "  (in  The  Wheel  of  Fortune, 
by  Cumberland);  "Octavian^  (in  Col- 
man's  drama  so  called)  ;  "Archer"  (in 
The  Beaux*  Stratagemy  by  Farquhar). 

ffhft^^fti  (King),  who  made  war  upon 
Dia bolus  for  tiie  refining  of  MansouL-^ 
John  Bnnyan,  The  Holy  War  (1682). 

Shade  (7b  fght  m  the),  Dieneces 
[DLeH'^e.aeex],  the  Spartan,  being  told 
uiat  the  army  of  the  Persians  was  so 
numerous  that  their  arrows  would  shut  out 
the  sun,  replied,  "  Thank  the  gods !  we 
shall  then  fight  in  the  shade." 

Shadow  (i^mon),  one  of  the  recruits 
of  the  army  of  sir  John  Falstaff.  "  A 
half-faced  feUow,"  so  thin  Uiat  sir  John 
■aid,  "  a  foeman  might  as  well  level  his 
gun  at  the  edge  of  a  penknife"  as  at 
such  a  starveling. — Shakespeare,  2  Henry 
/F.  act  ilLsc.  2(1598). 

Shadrach,  MeBhaoh^and  Abed- 
neffo  were  cast,  by  ^e  command  of 
Nebuchadnezzar,  into  a  fiery  furnace, 
but  received  no  injury,  although  the 
furnace  was  made  so  hot  that  the  heat 


thereof  "slew  those   men"   that   took 
them  to  the  furnace. — Dan.  iii.  22. 

By  Nimrod's  order,  Abraham  was 
bound  and  cast  into  a  huge  fire  at  Cutha ; 
but  he  was  preserved  from  injury  by  the 
angel  Gabriel,  and  only  the  cords  which 
bound  him  were  burnt.  Tet  so  intense 
was  the  heat  that  above  2000  men  were 
consumed  thereby. — See  Gospel  of  Bar- 
nabas.  xxviii. ;  and  Morgan,  Mahometan- 
ism  Explaifiedf  Y.  i.  4. 

ShadnUam'  and  Am'be- Abad', 

the  abodes  of  the  peris. 

Shadwell  (Thomas),  the  poet-lau- 
reate, was  a  great  drunkard,  and  was  said 
to  be  "round  as  a  butt,  and  liquored 
every  chink  "  (1640-1692). 

fieddea.  hia  rs*a4f«»air«]  ooodhr  fabrk  flb  Um  ar*. 
And  Mama  darignwl  for  thooibtlaai  majaatjr. 

Dvydao,  JTaafbetiMa  (ISn). 

*«*  Shadwell  took  opium,  and  died 
from  taking  too  large  a  dose.  Hence 
Pope  says : 

ganVyawa,  pioplUoQa  aUD  to  Honbanoii  bowa; 
And  Bhndwall  noda  tba  poppjr  on  bla  browa. 

Th*  Dmmetad,  UL  SI.  SS  (ITtS). 

(Benlowes  was  a  great  patron  of  bad 
poets,  and  many  have  dedicated  to  him 
their  lucubrations.  Sometimes  the  name 
is  shifted  into  "  Benevolus.") 

Shebdwell  (Wapping,  London),  a  cor- 
ruption of  St.  Chad's  Well. 

Shafalus  and  Proorus.  So  Bot- 
tom the  weaver  calls  Ceph&lus  and  Pro- 
cris.    (See  Cephai.us.) 

AntmMw.  Not  ShafJakw  to  Pniana  wna  ao  traau 
pMU.  AsShnCalnatoProctiaiiltojron. 
Sbakaapanra,  MUUnmmmr  jngk^t  J>r*am  (UM). 

&haft&8bxjaj(Anthony  Ashley  Cooper, 
earl  of),  introduced  by  sir  W.  Scott  in 
Peveril  of  the  Feak  (time,  Charles  IL). 

Shafton  i^ed),  one  of  the  prisoners 

in    Newgate   with   old  sir   Hildebrand 

Osbaldistone.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Rdb  Roy 
(time,  George  I.). 

Shafton  {Sir  Piercie),  called  "The 
knight  ot  Wilverton,"  a  fashionable 
cavaliero,  grandson  of  old  Overstitch  the 
tailor,  of  Holdemess.  Sir  Piercie  talks 
in  the  pedantic  style  of  the  Elizabethan 
courtiers.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Monastery 
(time,  Elizabeth). 

Johnaon'a  apaaah.  Uko  air  Plania  ShaAon'a  anphniaUe 
eloqaeoce,  bawngrad  blm  nndar  avaiy  dlagniaa.— Loid 
Macaolajr. 

Shah  (The),  a  famous  diamond, 
weighing  86  carats.  It  was  given  by 
Chosroes  of  Persia  to  the  czar  oi  Russia, 
(See  DiAM02(D8.) 

3  x 


SHAKEBA6. 


SHAKESPEARE. 


Bhakebag  {I>ioky,  a  highwaymu 
with  captain  Colepepper. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Fcrtungs  of  Nigel  (time,  Jamei  I.)* 

Shakespeare,  introdaced  bj  sir  W. 
Scott  in  the  ante-rooms  of  Green-vrich 
Palace. — Sir  W.  Scott,  KenUworth  (time, 
Elizabeth). 

*^*  In  Woodstock  there  is  a  conversa- 
tion about  Shakespeare. 

Shakespeare's  Nome.  He  left  London 
before  1613,  and  established 'himself  at 
StKatford-oo-AToa,  in  Warwickshire, 
where  he  was  bom  (1664),  and  where  he 
died  (1616).  In  the  diary  of  Mr.  Ward, 
the  vicar  of  Stratford,  is  this  entry : 
"  Shakspeare,  Drayton,  and  Ben  Jonson 
had  a  merry  meeting,  and,  it  seems, 
drank  too  hard,  for  Shakspeare  died  of 
a  fever  then  contracted."  (Drayton  died 
16.S1,  and  Ben  Jonson,  1637.)  Probably 
Shakespeare  died  on  hi«  birthday, 
AprU  23. 

Shakespeare^  s  Monument  J  in  Westminster 
Abbey,  designed  by  Kent,  and  executed 
bv  Scheemakers,  in  1742.  The  statue  to 
Shakespeare  in  Drury  Lane  Theatre  was 
by  the  same. 

The  statue  of  Shakespean  in  the 
British  Mncnm  is  by  Ronbiliac,  and  was 
be()ueathed  t»  the  nation  by  Garrick. 
UiH  best  portrait  is  by  Droeshout. 

Shakespcare*s  Plays,  quarto  editions  : 

RoMKO  AND  Julikt:  1697,  John  Dan- 
ter ;  1699,  Thomas  Creede  for  Cuthbert 
Burby ;  1609,  1637.  Supposed  to  have 
been  written,  1696. 

KiMO  KicHAKD  II. :  1697,  Valentine 
Simmes  for  Andrew  Wise;  1698,  1608 
(with  an  additional  scene) ;  1616,  1634. 

Kino  Richard  III.:  1697,  ditto ;  1698, 
1602,  1612,  1622. 

LovK^B  Larour*8  Lost  :  1698,  W.  W. 
for  Cutbbeii  Burby.  Supposed  to  have 
been  written,  1694. 

Kino  Hknry  IV  (pt.  1):  1698,  P.  S. 
for  Andrew  Wise;  1699,  1604,  1608, 
1613.  Supposed  to  have  been  written, 
1697. 

Kino  Henry  IV.  (pt  2) :  1600,  V.  S. 
for  Andrew  Wise  and  William  Aspley ; 
1600.  Sapposed  to  have  been  written, 
1698. 

Kino  Hbnrt  V. :  1600,  Thomas  Creede 
for  Thomas  Millington  and  John  Busby ; 
1602,  1608.  Supposed  to  have  been 
written,  1699. 

MiDBUMMRR  Night's  Dream  :  1600, 
Thomas  Fisher;  1600,  James  Roberts. 
Mentioned  by  Meres,  1698.  Supposed  to 
have  been  written,  1692. 

MEBC'HASfT  OP  Venice  *.  1600, 1.  R.  for 


Thonas  Heyes;  1600,  James  Rob«ita; 
1637.     Mentioned  by  Meres,  1698. 

Much  Ado  about  Nothino:  1600,  V. 
S.  for  Andrew  Wise  and  William  Aspley. 

Merry  Wives  op  Windsor:  1602, 
T.  C.  for  Ardinr  Johnson ;  1619.  Sap- 
posed  to  have  been  written,  1696. 

Hamlet:  1603,  I.  R.  for  N.  L. ;  1605, 
1611.  Supposed  to  have  been  written, 
1697.  . 

Kino  Lear  :  1606,  A.  for  Nathani^ 
Butter;  1608,  B.  for  ditto.  Acted  at 
WhitehaU,  1607.  Supposed  to  have  been 
written,  1606. 

Tboilus  and  Crbssida  :  1609,  G.  Eld 
for  R.  Boniaa  and  H.  Whalley  (with  a 
preface).  Acted  at  court,  1609,  Suih 
posed  to  have  been  written,  1602. 

Othello:   1622,  N.  O.  for  Thoi 
Walkely.    Acted  at  Haiefield,  1602. 

The  rest  of  the  dramas  are : 

Atr$  wm  Oat  Mndt  W«lt,  ISM.    Pint  titi* 
to  be  loM  « tMbtur'M  Won. 


A  n$9ng  and  Cleopatra,  1006.    No  mttr 
olthhfiiaj. 
AtromUkoH,   EmitnA  «t  K»tli 
Oomtedin^ Jlrron^HM.    MeoUoMdkr 
CoHolanm,  ISIS.     N«  flftriy  iMwtfciM 

Cf  iiiliMii^  leos.    Hoomriymmtkmtm^oiaih 
1  Momnf  ri.  AUadMl  to  Wf  MMk  la 


or  tMi 


I  Honrp  ri.  OiUfia$l  ttUo.  Flnt  tart  ^  Ik* 
MsM,  ias4. 

iMomTyri.  Offlgi— i  tttta.  Tmo  naeodg  ^, 
Dmko  «r  fork.  laSB. 

Jr#ffry  rit/.,  ISOL    kett4  at  Hm  CM»  Tkmtt^  MIS. 

Jokm  iKimgU  IBM.    MMtloMd  k^  Mora.  ISML 

Jmttat  Ommtr,  1S07.    No  eartjr  leaUon  nade  of  tUi 

^[im-.ina.    AcMd  at  WUtokaO.  ISr.    Priatad  MM. 

Maebotk.  WHS.    Noouly  awntloa  aufdoonUij 

ir«a«Mi« /or  JfAMMTC.  1C«.    AetodatWhil  ' 

JT't-nv  WUmm  of  WUtAtar,  MM.    Pi  lulu'  ~ 

PfHtlm  Primea  ^f  Twro^    Prialed  ISOS. 

Taming  of  ike  Shrwm,  (T)  Acted  at  HoBAmll  Ihantni, 
1S0.   -Bat«radai8latloo«i'HaU.lSl7. 

f>mpM(.lSO0.    Acted  at  Whitehall.  16U. 

rftnon  af  Atkmu,  ISOS.  No  eailjr  iiartna  aaia  af 
thiipto; 

rtMM  ilfMinmiettf.  1688.    Prtatad  ISIHL 

Tw»V»k  Jftgki.    Acted  la  the  MMdto 

Tmo  gamOtmm  ^r 


Wi»Um^*t^U,\mL    Acted  at  WhltehiA.lfII. 

First  complete  collection  in  folio  : 
1623,  Isaac  Jamrd  and  Ed.  Blount: 
1632,  1664,  16867  The  second  folio  is  of 
verv  little  value. 

Shakespeare's  Parents,  His  father  was 
John  Shakespeare,  a  glover,  who  married 
Mary  Arden,  daughter  of  Robert  Arden, 
Esq.,  of  Bomich,  a  good  county  gentle- 
man. 

Shakespeare' sWife^  Anne  Hathaway  of 
Shottery,  some  eight  yean  older  than 
himself ;  daughter  of  a  nbattatial  y^ 
3»aa. 

Shakespeart's  G^Hdren,  Oae  son,  Ham- 
net,  who  died  in  his  twelfth  year  (168^ 


SHAKESPEAKB  OF  DIVINES.      M» 


SHANDT. 


1596).  Two  danAUn,  who  BUTvired 
bim,  Susanna,  and  Judith  twin-bom  with 
Hamnet.  Both  his  daoriiten  marriod 
and  had  children,  but  the  lines  died  out. 
Voitaire  toys  of  Shakespeare :  **  Rimer 
had  very  good  reason  to  say  that  Shake- 
speare  u'etait  q'un  vUatn  aingeJ*^  Voltaire, 
in  17(>5,  said,  *'  Shakespeare  is  a  savage 
with  some  iniagination,  whose  plays  can 

Jilease  only  in  London  and  Canada.** 
n  1786  he  wrote  to  M.  de  Cideville, 
**  Shakespeare  is  the  Comeille  of  London, 
but  everywhere  else  he  is  a  great  fool 
{tframdfou  cTaiUeur),^ 

Shakespeare  of  Bivinea  (The), 
Jereny  Taylor  (1618-1667). 

Bb  ir^flar^s)  devoCfciMl  writlnci  onlr  wmnt  what  tb«r 
cannot  be  aU  lo  aaad,  tba 


Shakespeare  of  Sloquenoe(  The), 
The  comte  de  Mirabeau  was  so  called  by 
BAinave  (1749-1791). 

Shakeayeare  of  Qermaiiy  ( The), 
Aogostas  Frederick  Ferdinand  von  Kot- 
zebne  (1761-1819). 

Shakespeare  of  Prose  Fietion 
{The).  Richardson  the  novelist  is  so 
called  by  D'Israeli  (1689-1761). 

Shallow^  a  weak-minded  country 
inrtice,  cousin  to  Slandor.  He  is  a  great 
braicgart,  and  especiaOy  fond  of  boasting 
of  the  mad  pranks  of  his  yomiger  days. 
It  is  said  that  justice  Shallow  is  a 
satirical  portrait  of  sir  Thomas  Lacy  of 
Charlecote,  who  pfosecoted  Shakespeare 
for  deer-stealing.  —  Shakespeare,  The 
Merry  Wiota  ofWimhor  (1696) ;  and  2 
JicMT/  lV.{lb9%). 


m  A 


of  teM 


tlhaJIwiin^  lord  of  a  manor  consisting 
of  a  long  chun  of  rocks  and  mountains 
caUed  Tinah.  Shallam  was  **6f  gentle 
diapesition,  and  beloved  both  by  GikI  and 
man.**  He  was  the  lover  of  Hilfia,  a 
Chinese  antediluvian  princess,  one  of  the 
160  daughters  of  Zilpah,  of  the  race  of 
Cohn  or  Gain. — Addison,  Spectator,  viiL 
684-^  (1712). 

ShalOtt  (The  lady  of),  a  poem  by 
Tennyson,  in  four  parts.  Pt.  i.  tells  us 
that  Uie  lady  passed  her  life  in  the  island 
of  Shalott  in  great  seclusion,  and  was 
known  only  by  the  peasantry.  Pt.  ii. 
tells  us  that  she  was  weaving  a  magic 
web,  and  that  a  curse  would  fall  on  her 
if  she  looked  down  the  river.  Pt  iii. 
dMcribci  how  sir  Lancelot  rode  to  Game- 


lot  in  all  his  bravery;  and  the  lady 
gazed  at  him  as  he  rode  along.  Pt.  iv. 
tells  us  that  the  lady  floated  down  tha 
river  in  a  boat  called  The  Lady  of  Shalott, 
and  died  heart-broken  on  the  way.  Sir 
Lancelot  came  to  gaze  on  the  dead  body, 
and  exclaimed,  **  She  has  a  lovely  face, 
and  may  God  have  mercy  on  her !  litis 
ballad  was  afterwards  expanded  into  the 
Idyll  called  ''  EUine,  the  Fair  Maid  of 
Ai^lat"  {q*v,),  the  beautiful  incident 
of  Rlaine  and  the  barge  being  taken  from 
the  m§U)ry  of  Frmoe  Arihur,  by  sir  T. 
Malory: 


'lw«rli«hol«.lBt  tlik 


topirt  lirta 


ov  right  hand,  aad  wa  band  tioiUMl  lui  wttk  Ika 
letter  unto  1  be  oold.  and  letinebe|NitiBalbh>bed 
wkhalltlM  rtcbcetdalbeethatlhave  about  iM.aiid  m 
letBijrbedaMlatt  By  rich  eluttae  to  kid  with  me  la  a 
chariot  to  the  nest  place  wheraae  the  Thamee  is,  and 
tlMra  let  MM  to  pot  In  a  harfe,  aad  bat  one  bmb  with 
■M.  ineh  ae  yo  trMt  to  aleer  me  thither,  and  Uiat  aqr 
barfe  to  covered  with  ttlacli  mmite  over  aiid  ogrer.''  .  .  . 
So  when  stowas  dead,  tto  corpee  and  tto  bed  and  al 
«ae  led  tto  nost  «ajr  onto  tto  Thamee,  and  there  a  maa 
and  tto  eoniee  and  all  vere  put  in  a  barfe  oa  Ito 
Tlmmet,  and  to  tto  man  tteeiud  tto  barfe  to  Weat 
miueter,  and  there  to  ruved  a  great  while  to  and  fko,  or 
aojr  man  exiled.— Pt  UL  ISS. 

King  Arthur  saw  the  body  and  had  it 
buried,  and  sir  Launoelot  made  an  offer- 
ing, etc.  (ch.  124)  ;  much  the  same  as 
Tennyson  has  reproduced  it  in  verse. 

Shamho'sai  (tf  syL),  the  angel  who 
debauched  himself  with  women,  re- 
pented, and  hung  himself  up  between 
earth  and  heaven.  —  Bereshit  rabbi  (in 
Gen,  vi.  2). 

*^*  HarQt  and  Mardt  were  two  angels 
sent  to  be  judges  on  earth.  They  judged 
ri^teottsly  till  Zohara  appeared  berore 
tl^m,  when  they  fell  in  love  with  her, 
and  were  imprisoned  in  a  cave  near 
Babylon,  where  they  are  to  abide  till  the 
day  of  judgment. 

Shandy  (IVw^oia),  the  nominal  hero 
of  Sterne's  novel  called  The  Life  atid 
Opinions  of  Tristram  Shandy,  Gentienum 
(1759).  lie  is  the  son  of  Walter  and 
£lizabeth  Shandy. 

Captain  Shandy,  better  known  as 
*'  Uncle  Toby,*'  the  real  hero  of  Sterne's 
novel.  Gaptain  Shandy  was  wounded 
at  Namur,  and  retired  on  half-pay.  He 
was  benevolent  and  generous,  brave  as  a 
lion  but  simple  as  a  chUd,  most  gallant 
and  most  modest.  Uazlitt  says  that 
"the  character  of  uncle  Toby  is  the  Anest 
compliment  ever  paid  to  human  nature." 
His  modest  love-passages  with  Widow 
Wad  man,  his  kindly  sympathy  for 
lieut^mnt  Lefevre,  and  his  military  dis- 
cussions, are  wholly  unrivalled. 

Aunt  Dinah  [Shandy],  Walter  Shandy*! 


8HABP. 


aawuk 


muaL  She  beqncathed  to  him  £1000, 
wbidi  Walter  fancied  wonld  enable  him 
to  cany  out  all  the  wild  schemes  with 
which  his  head  was  crammed. 

Mrs,  Einabeth  Shtmdy,  mother  of  Tris- 
trsm  Shandy.  The  ideal  of  Donentit||r, 
indiridoal  from  its  rery  absence  of  indi- 
Tidnality. 

Walter  Shandy^  Tristram^s  father,  a 
metaphysical  don  Quixote,  who  believes 
in  long  noses  and  propitious  names ;  b«t 
his  son's  nose  was  crushed,  and  his  name, 
which  should  have  been  Trismegistus  ( ' '  the 
most  propitious  *"),  was  changed  in  chria- 
tening  to  Tristram  ('*the  most  unlucky ""). 
If  much  learning  can  make  man  mad, 
Walter  Shandy  was  certjunly  mad  in  all 
the  affairs  of  ordinary  life.  His  wife  was 
a  blank  sheet,  and  he  himself  a  sheet  so 
written  on  and  crossed  and  rewritten 
that  no  one  could  decipher  the  manu- 
script.— L.  Sterne,  The  Life  and  OpinionM 
of  Trittram  Shandy  (1759). 

Sharp,  the  ordinary  of  major  Touch- 
wood, who  aids  liim  in  bis  transformation, 
but  is  himself  pnzxled  to  know  which  is 
the  real  and  which  the  false  colonel. — 
T.  Dibdin,  What  Next  1 

Sharp  {Rebecca)^  the  orphan  daughter 
of  an  artist.  "  She  was  small  and  sli^^t 
in  person,  pale,  sandy-haired,  and  with 
green  ey^,  habitually  cast  down,  but 
very  large,  odd,  and  attractive  when  they 
looked  up.**  Decky  had  the  "dismal 
precocity  of  poverty,**  and,  being  engaged 
as  governess  in  the  family  of  sir  Pitt 
Crawley,  bart.,  contrived  to  marry  clan- 
destinely his  son  captain  Hawdon  Craw- 
ley, and  taught  him  how  to  live  in 
splendour  "  upon  nothing  a  year.*'  Becky 
was  an  excellent  singer  and  dancer,  a 
capital  talker  and  whcedler,  and  a  most 
attractive,  but  unprincipled,  selfish,  and 
unscrupulous  woman.  Lord  Steyne  in- 
troduced her  to  court;  but  her  conduct 
with  this  peer  gave  rise  to  a  terribl<^ 
scandal,  which  caused  a  separation  be- 
tween her  and  Rawdon,  and  made  Eng- 
land too  hot  to  hold  her.  She  retired  to 
the  Continent,  was  reduced  to  a  Bohemian 
life,  but  ultimately  attached  herself  to 
Joseph  Sedley,  whom  she  contrived  to 
strip  of  all  his  money,  -and  who  lived 
in  dire  terror  of  her,  dying  in  six  months 
under  very  suspicious  circumstances. — 
Thackeray,  Vanity  Fair  (1848). 

With  fieckjr  Sharp.  v«  Vbin\  w  could  be  good,  if  w 
hMl  £B00e  a  jTMr^Biinw- 

Bockr  Sharp,  wf tti  a  baronet  for  a  broUMMn^w.  and 
an  efirl't  dougbtar  for  a  fricitd,  felt  Uie  boUawne«  of 
human  grandeur,  and  thought  ahe  waf  happier  with  the 
Hohemian  artleli  iu  Soho.— T*«  K^mu. 


£Bkir7»  (Ttnoii^),  tiie  «Myi]^  valet' of 
Charles  G^yless.  His  object  is  to  make 
his  mast^,  who  has  not  a  nxpence  in  the 
world,  pass  for  a  num  of  wealth  in  the 
eyea  of  Melissa,  to  whom  he  b  engaged. 
— Ganick,  The  Lymg  Valet  (1741). 

Sharp-Beaky  the  crow*s  wife,  in 
the  beast-epic  called  lUynard  the  Fbx 
(1498). 

Sharpe  {The  Right  Rev.  James), 
archbishop  of  St.  Andrew's,  moidered  by 
John  Balf  oar  (a  leader  in  the  ooveoaafeen* 
army)  and  his  party.-^ir  W.  Scott»  Old 
Mortality  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Sharper  (Master)^  the  cutler  in  the 
Strand.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Peveril  of  the 
Peah  (time,  Charles  1!.). 

Sharpitlaw  ( Gideon)^  a  poliee  officer. 
—Sir  W.  Scott,  Heart  «}  MidUhian, 
(time,  George  II.). 

Shawonda'see*  son  of  Mndjekeewis, 
and  king  of  the  south  wind.  Fat  and 
lar.y,  listless  and  easy.  Shawondasee 
loved  a  prairie  maiden  (the  Dandelion), 
but  was  too  indolent  to  woo  her. — Long- 
feUow,  Hiawatha  (1855). 

She  Stoops  to  Conquer,  a  comedy 
by  Oliver  Guldsmith  (1773).  Miss  Hard- 
eastle,  knowing  how  bashful  young 
Marlow  is  before  ladies,  stoope  to  the 
manners  and  condition  of  a  barmaid, 
with  whom  he  feels  quite  at  his  ease,  and 
by  this  artifice  wins  the  man  of  her 
choice. 

*«*  It  is  said  that  when  Goldsmith 
was  alxNit  16  years  old,  he  set  o«t  for 
Edgworthstown,  and  finding  night  coming 
on  when  at  Ardagh,  asked  a  man  "which 
was  the  best  house  in  the  town**— meaning 
the  best  inn.  The  man,  who  was  Cor- 
nelius O*  Kelly,  the  great  fencing-master, 
pointed  to  that  of  Mr.  Ralph  Fether- 
stone,  as  being  the  best  house  in  the 
vicinity.  Oliver  entered  the  pariour, 
fotmd  the  master  of  the  mansion  sitting 
over  a  good  fire,  and  said  he  intended  to 
pass  the  night  there,  and  should  like  to 
have  supper.  Mr.  Fethovtone  happened 
to  know  Goldsmith's  father,  and,  to 
humour  the  joke,  pretended  to  be  the 
landlord  of  "the  public,**  nor  did  he 
reveal  himself  till  next  morning  at  break- 
fast, when  Oliver  called  for  hb  bill.  It 
was  not  sir  Ralph  Fetherstone,  as  is 
generally  said,  but  Bfr.  Ralph  Fether- 
stone, whose  grandson  was  sir  Thomas. 

Sheba.    The  queen  of  Sheba  or  Saba 
{ue.  the  Sabeans)  came  to  visit  Solomon, 


SHBBA. 


Ml 


SHEFFIELD. 


And  tested  his  wisdom  by  svndry  qaos- 

tk>ns,  bat  sflinned  that  his  wisdom  and 

wealth  exceeded  eyen  her  expectations. — 

1  Kings  x. ;  2  Chron,  ix. 

N«k  not  toMtt««r,  BaduD.  all  thoM  hard  fUofi 
Ihat  Bbaba  oaoM  to  aak  of  SokMMMi. 

Taonjvon,  Tht  Prtnetm,  tt. 

*f*  The  Arabs  call  her  name  Balkis  or 
Belkis ;  the  Abyssinians,  Bfacqueda ;  and 
others,  Aazis. 

J^uba  (The  queen  of),  a  nana  giren  to 
Mde.  MontreviUe  (tlte  B^nim  Mootee 
Mahal).— Sir  W.  Scott,  I%e  Sitrgeon's 
Jkntghier  (time,  George  II.). 

Shebdia.  the  Persian  Bncephalos,  the 
iSaroorite  charger  ef  ChosroSs  II.  or 
Khosioa  Parviz  of  Persia  (590-628). 

Bh^fMl»  king  of  Ad,  who  built  a 
most  magnificent  palace,  and  laid  out  a 
Mfden  called  "The  Garden  of  Irem,** 
fike  **  the  bowers  of  Eden."  All  men 
admired  this  palace  and  garden  except 
the  prophet  Houd,  who  told  the  king  that 
the  foandatioo  of  his  palace  was  not 
■ecore.  And  so  it  was,  that  God,  to 
punish  his  pride,  first  sent  a  drought  of 
Uiree  years'  duration,  and  then  the 
Sarsar  or  icy  wind  for  seven  days,  in 
which  the  garden  was  destroved,  the 
paUce  ruined^  and  Shedad,  with  all  his 
subjects,  died. 

It  is  said  that  the  palace  of  Shedad  or 
Shttddand  took  600  ^ears  in  building, 
and  when  it  was  finished  the  angel  of 
death  woald  not  allow  him  even  to  enter 
his  garden,  but  struck  him  dead,  and  the 
rose  garden  of  Irem  was  ever  after  in- 
visible to  the  eye  of  man. — Southey, 
Thaiaba  the  Destroyer,  L  (1797). 

Sheep  {Lord  BanUmCs),  These  sheep 
bad  tails  of  sm^  enormous  length  that 
his  lordship  had  go-carts  harnessed  to  the 
rireep  for  carrying  their  tails. 

Tkw*  mm  Mn.  BowMiaboat,  Um  eutlai'i  wttk  .  .  . 
OtfoMiMMl  tewsba  vaddki  aloag  wlOi  bar  train  two 
laidsMiMllMrl  Sha imU na inmind of locd Baatam^ 
- rft«  Sm.  H.  (17fl»). 


Sheep  {The  Cotewotd). 

nmad  Mack,  tba  feee  or  lap  doth 


Ko  brovn« 

itraak,  ... 

lAP]  of  tim  whitMt  Uad.  wboaa  browt  K>  irooU]r  ta, 
A*  men  in  ber  fair  ihaep  no  emptlnoM  riMold  tea  .  .  . 
A  bady  looffand  burie,  the  boUorlu  aqnal  broad  .  .  . 
And  or  Um  SeecQT  fnoa.  Uic  Sank  docb  nothing  ladt. 
Bat  evevywhen  b  itoied.  tha  beUjr  as  the  back. 

Drajrton.  /Mye/Mon,  sir.  (MS). 

Sheep-Dog  {A),  a  lady-companion, 
who  occupies  the  back  seat  of  tht  ba- 
rouche, carries  wraps,  etc.,  goes  to  church 
with  the  lady,  and  *'  guards  her  from  the 
wolves,"  as  mudi  as  the  lady  wishes  to 
be  guarded,  but  no  more. 


■dd  Beck)r. 


I  nioit  have  a 


"Kawdon. 
doK  ...  I  aMan  a  mmml  ■henhetd't  dog 
the  wohrea  off  me."  ...    "A  sheep-dog.  a 
BeckySbarpwHhasbaep'^loKl    lan\  that 
Tbackcniy,  rmmitM  #Mr.  zntvlL  (1818). 


to 


km  I 


fanUMl 
Amf— 


Sheep  of  the  Addanc  Valley. 
In  this  valley,  which  led  to  the  cave  of 
tiie  Addanc,  were  two  flocks  of  sheep,  one 
white  and  the  other  black.  When  any 
one  of  the  black  sheep  bleated,  a  white 
sheep  crossed  over  and  became  black, 
and  when  one  of  the  white  sheep  bleated, 
a  black  sheep  crossed  over  and  became 
white.  — 2%«  Mabinogion  ("  Peredur," 
twelfth  century). 

Sheep  of  the  Frisons,  a  cant  term 
in  the  French  Revolution  for  a  spy  under 
the  jailers. — C.  Dickens,  A  Tale  of  Two 
Cities,  iu.  7  (1869). 

Sheep  Tilted  at.  Don  Qoixote 
saw  the  dost  of  two  flocks  of  sheep  coming 
in  opposite  directions,  and  told  Sancho 
they  were  two  armies— one  commanded 
by  the  emperor  Alifanfaron  sovereign  of 
the  island  of  Trap'oban,  and  the  other  by 
the  king  of  the  Garaman'teans,  called 
*<  Pentapolin  with  the  Naked  Arm.** 
He  said  that  Alifanfaron  was  in  love 
with  Pentapolin's  daughter,  but  Penta- 
polin  refused  to  sanction  the  alliance, 
because  Alifanfaron  was  a  Mohammedan. 
The  mad  knight  rushed  on  the  flock  "  led 
bv  Alifanfaron,"  and  killed  seven  of  the 
sheep,  but  was  stunned  by  stones  thrown 
at  him  by  the  shepherds.  When  Sancho 
told  his  master  that  the  two  armies  were 
onlv  two  flocks  of  sheep,  the  knight 
replied  that  the  enchanter  Freston  had 
"  metamorphosed  the  two  grand  armies  ** 
in  order  to  show  his  malice. — Cervantes, 
Don  Quixote,  I.  iii.  4  (1605). 

\*  After  the  dtoth  of  Achillas,  Ajax 
and  Ulysses  both  claimed  the  armour  of 
Hector.  The  dispute  was  settled  by  the 
sons  of  Atreus  (2  syL),  who  awarded 
the  prise  to  Ulysses.  This  so  enraged 
Ajax  that  it  drove  him  mad,  and  he  fell 
upon  a  flock  of  sheep  driven  at  night  into 
the  camp,  supposing  it  to  be  an  army  led 
by  Ulysses  and  the  sons  of  Aureus. 
When  he  found  out  his  mistake,  he 
stabbed  himself.  This  is  the  subject  of 
a  tragedy  by  Soph'ocl^  called  Ajax 
Mad, 

*^*  Orlando  in  his  madness  also  fell 
foul  of  a  flock  of  sheep. — ^Ariosto,  Or- 
lando Furioeo  (1616). 

Sheffield  {The  Bard  of),  James 
Montgomery,  author  of  The  Wanderer  of 
JSwUzerland,  etc  (1771-1864). 


SHBLBT. 


SHEPHBSD-KJNGS. 


WMi  bMkM  Irra  and 
Lot  Md  AlCMiB  wmdendoum  tha  vale  . 
(Xar  hto  kwt  woriu  Ut  ckalc  ShaAeU 
Miy  M  rude  hand  dMorb  (Mr  aarir 
^Toa,  JtufUsk  Bmrdt  imd 


(U8H 

Shelby  (i^r.),  upcle  Tom'a  first 
mMter.  Being  in  commercial  difHculties, 
he  woB  obliged  to  sell  his  faithful  slave. 
His  son  afterwards  endeavoured  to  buy 
uncle  Tom  back  again,  but  found  that  he 
had  been  whipped  to  death  by  the  villain 
Legree. — Mrs.  Beecher  Stowe,  Uncle 
Tom's  Gabm  (1852). 

8hd  (A),  Amongst  the  aadeBt 
Gaels  a  shell  was  emblematic  of  peace. 
Hence  when  Bosmi'na,  Fingal's  daughter, 
was  sent  to  propitiate  king  Erni^on,  who 
had  invaded  Morven,  s^  earned  with 
her  a  **  sparkling  shell  as  a  symbol  of 
peace,  and  a  golden  arrow  as  a  symbol  of 
war.*'— Onsian,  TJtt  BatUt  of  Lora. 

Bhells.  itf.  bocpitalitv.  **  Seme  king 
of  shells'^  ("hospitality").  When  On- 
thalltn  iirvites  Swania  to  a  banqvet,  his 
messenger  says,  *'Cathnllin  gives  the  joy 
of  sheils ;  come  and  partake  the  feast  of 
Erin's  blae-eyed  chief/*  The  a&cieot 
Gaels  dnmk  from  shells  ;  and  hence  such 
phrases  as  <«  chief  af  sheUt,**  <*haU  of 
shells,"  «^king  of  shdls,"  etc  (king  of 
hospitality).  **To  rejoice- in  die  shell'* 
is  to  feast  samptaoosly  and  drink  freely. 

Shemus-an-Siiaoliad  or  "  James 
of  the  Needle,"  M<Ivor*s  tailor  at 
Edinburgh.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Wcmeriey 
(time,  George  IJ.). 

Shepheardes  Calendar  (7^), 
twelve  edognes  in  various  metves,  by 
Spenser,  one  for  each  month.  Jamtary : 
Colin  Clout  {Sp&nter)  bewails  that  Rosa^ 
lind  does  not  return  his  love,  and  compares 
his  forlorn  condition  to  the  season  itself. 
February:  Cuddy,  a  lad,  complains  of 
the  cold,  and  Thenot  laments  the  de- 
generacy of  pastoral  life.  March :  WiUie 
and  Thomalin  discourse  of  love  (described 
as  a  person  just  aroused  from  sleep). 
April :  Hobbinol  sings  a  song  on  Eliiea, 
queen  of  shepherds.  May:  Palinode 
(3  syL)  exhorts  Piers  to  join  the  festivi- 
ties of  May,  but  Piers  replies  that  good 
shepherds  who  seek  their  own  indul^nee 
expose  their  floclu  to  the  wolves.  He 
then  relates  the  fable  of  the  kid  and  her 
dam.  June :  Hobbinol  exhorts  Colin  to 
greater  cheerfulness,  but  Colin  replies 
were  is  no  cheer  for  him  while  Rosalind 
remains  unkind  and  loves  Menalcas 
better  than  himself.  July:  Morr^  a 
goat-herd,  invitee  Thomalin  to  come  with 
him  to  the  aplandB)  but  Thomalin  replies 


that  haauUty  better  beecnec  a  ihcpheri 
U^,  a  pastor  or  clergyman).  August: 
Ferigot  and  Willie  contesd  in  song,  and 
Cuddy  is  appointed  arbiter.  SnMasAer  : 
Dig^^n  Davie  complains  to  Hobbinol  of 
clencal  abases.  October:  Ob  pae^, 
which  Cuddy  says  has  no  encouragement, 
and  laments  tiiat  Colin  n^lects  H,  being 
crossed  in  love.  Novernber:  Colin,  being 
asked  by  Thenot  to  sing,  excoses  him- 
self because  of  his  grief  for  Dide,  but 
fiaally  he  sings  her  elegy.  Ihcember: 
CoUa  again  com|dains  that  kia  beavi  la 
desolate  because  Jtoeelind  lovea  hins  aot 
(1679). 

Shephaaids  Huntixiff  (ThejL  four 
'*  eglogues  "  by  Geoise  Witiier,  while  con- 
fined in  the  Mar^alsea  (1615).  The 
shepherd  Roget  is  the  poet  hinaelf,  and 
his  ''hunting**  is  a  satire  called  Abuses 
J»r^  and  Whipt,  for  which  he  wae  im- 
prisoned. The  first  three  eglogaea  an 
upon  the  subject  of  Boget*8  impriaoomenti 
and  the  fourth  is  on  his  love  of_poetry. 
<< Willy**  is  tiie  poet*s  friend,  William 
Browne  of  the  Inner  Temple,  antiior  of 
BritannkCs  Pastorals.  He  was  two  y  an 
the  junior  of  Wither. 

Shepherd  (J^h  Hoses,  who  for 
forty  years  fed  the  nocks  of  Jethio,  his 
&ther-in-law. 


Mac.  bcavanly  Mom,  thatOQ  the 
or  (>reb  or  of  Slual.  dIdM  laqtbe 
Thatahephcrd  wbo  int  lM«tit  tfaa 
"  la  Iha  WtiHUns.'  kow  Um 
Rom  oat  oiehaoa. 


top 


Shepherd  {The  Oentle)^  George  Gren- 
ville,  the  statesman.  One  day,  m  ad- 
dressing the  House.  George  GrenviUe 
said,  "Tell  me  where !  tell  me  where  ..." 
Pitt  hummed  the  line  of  a  song  then 
very  popular,  beginning,  **  Gentle  she^ 
herd,  tul  me  where!  and  the  whole 
House  was  convulsed  with  lam^iter  (1718- 
1770). 

%*  Allan  Ramsay  has  a  beautifal 
Scotch  pastoral  called  The  Gentle  Shep^ 
herd  (1725). 

Shepherd  (John  Claridye),  the  dgnatnre 
adopted  by  the  author  of  The  Shmherd 
of  Banbwry's  Rules  to  Jutfye  of  the  Changes 
of  Weather,  etc.  (1744).  Supposed  to  be 
Dr.  John  Campbell,  author  of  A  PoOtioall 
Suroey  of  Britain, 

Shet^erd-KingB  {The)  or  Hyksos, 
These  hyksoe  were  a  tribe  of  Cuthites 
driven  from  Assyria  by  Aralins  and  the 
Shemites.  Their  names  were :  ( 1)  SAirfta 
or  SalOt^,  called  by  the  Arabs  El-We- 
leed,  and  said  to  be  a  deeoendaiit  ef  Esas 


SHEPHBRD  LORD. 


90t 


SHEYA. 


(B.C.  1870-1861);  (2)  Bboh,  called  by 
the  AiaU  Er-Reiyan,  sod  ^  £1-Weleed 
(iko.  1861-1811);  (3)  Apaciimas  (b.<;. 
1811-1760) ;  (4)  Apophis,  oJled  by  the 
Axsbs  £r-Reiyan  11.,  in  whoee  reigm 
Jo«e|4i  was  sold  iato  Egypt  and  was 
made  viceroy  (b.c.  1760-1700) ;  (6)  Ja- 
jffiAS  (B.e.  1700-1^1);  (6)  Assbth 
(1651-1610).  The  Hyksoe  were  driven 
out  of  Egypt  by  AraSeis  or  Thethmosis, 
the  foiuider  of  the  eighteeatli  dynasty, 
and  retired  to  Palestine,  where  they 
formed  the  chiefs  or  lords  of  the  Philis- 
tines. (Hyksos  is  cenpoonded  at  kyk, 
*'  kiDg,*"  and  S08,  "  sheoherd.") 

*^*  Apophis  or  Apnophis  was  not  a 
ahepherd-king,  bat  a  pharaoh  or  native 
ruler,  who  made  Apachnas  tributary,  and 
succeeded  him,  but  on  the  death  of 
Aphophis  the  hyksos  were  restored. 

Sbcphttrd  Iiord  (The),  lord  Henry 
de  Clifford,  brought  up  by  his  mother  as 
a  shepbod  to  save  mm  from  the  ven- 
geance of  the  Yorkists.  Henry  VII. 
restored  him  to  his  birthright  ana  estates 
(1465-1643). 

Tbe  gndoiM  ftklnr. 
Wk0  lov«d  tlM  riwpbMil  lord  to 
tm  ya  nmiitimn  iTrttrnrr 
Wonbworth.  Th*  WkiuJhm^fMifli 


0015). 

SlMpherd    of    Banbury.      (See 

SUKPHERO,  JOHlf  GlARIDOIC.) 

Shepherd  of  Pilida. 

Be  b  not  a  Jmilwitd.  but  ao  alqpuit  ooortior."  Mtt  Um 
CM4.~C«w»f^  Mm  QMtoof  ■.  L I S  (ISOH 

Shepherd  of  SaUebiiry  Plain 
( The)f  oie  hero  and  title  of  a  religious 
tract  by  Hannah  More.  The  shepherd  is 
ikoted  for  his  homely  wisdom  and  simple 
pie^.  The  academy  figure  of  this  she^ 
nerd  was  David  Saunders,  who,  with  his 
fkther,  had  kept  sheep  on  the  plain  for  a 
century. 

Shepherd  of  the  Ocean:  So  Colin 
Clout  (Speuaer)  calls  sir  Walter  Ralei^ 
in  his  Coiin  CiouVs  Come  Borne  A^ain 
(1691). 

Shepherdeae  {The  Faithftd)^  a  pas- 
ioral  drama  by  John  Fletcher  (1610). 
The  ** faithful  shepherdess*"  is  Corin, 
who  remains  faithful  to  her  lover  alUiough 
dead.  Hilton  has  borrowed  rather  largely 
from  this  pastoral  in  his  Comus, 

Sheppard  {Jock),  immortalized  for 
his  bwglaries  and  escapes  from  Newgate. 
He  was  the  son  of  a  carpenter  in  Spital- 
fields,  and  was  an  ardent^  reckless,  and 
generous    yonth.      Ortainly   the   moat 


°^^ 


popular  criminal  ever  led  to  Tyboiii  for 

execution  (1701-1724). 

*^*  Daniel  Defoe  made  Jack  Sheppard 
the  nero  of  a  romance  in  1724,  and  W.  H. 
Ainsworth  in  1839. 

Sherborne,  in  Dorsetshire,  always 
brings  ill  luck  to  the  possessor.  It  l>e- 
loQged  at  one  time  to  the  see  of  Gknter- 
bury,  and  Osmund  pronounced  a  curse 
on  anv  layman  who  wrested  it  from  the 
(]hurcL 

The  first  layman  who  held  these  lands 
was  the  protector  Somerset,  who  was  be- 
headed by  Edward  VI. 

The  next  layman  was  sir  Walter 
Baleigh,  who  was  also  beheaded. 

At  the  death  of  Baleigh,  James  I.  seised 
on  the  lands  and  conf  ened  them  on  Oar 
earl  of  Somerset,  who  died  prematurely. 
His  youi^er  son  Carew  was  attainted, 
committed  to  the  Tower,  and  lost  lua 
estates  by  forfeiture. 

*4i*  James  I.  was  no  exception.  He 
lost  his  eldest  son  the  prince  €tt  Wales, 
(Charles  I.  was  beheaded,  James  IL  was 
forced  to  abdicate,  and  the  two  Pretenders 
consummated  the  ill  luck  of  the  ftunily. 

Sherborne  is  new  in  the  posstwion  of 
[by  earl  of  BrIstoL 
or  other  possessions  which  cany  with 
them  iM  Inck,  see  Gold  op  Tolosa, 
Gold  or  Nibblunoen,  Gratstbel, 
Harmon IA*8  Necklace,  etc.) 

Sheva,  the  philanthropic  Jew,  most 
modest  but  most  benevolenL  He  *^  stints 
his  appetite  to  pamper  his  affections,  and 
lives  in  poverty  that  the  poor  may  live  in 
plenty.*'  Sheva  is  "  the  widows'  friend, 
the  orphans'  father,  the  poor  man's  pro- 
tector, and  the  universal  dispenser  of 
charity,  but  he  ever  shrank  to  let  his  left 
hand  know  what  his  right  hand  did." 
Ratcliffie's  father  rescued  him  at  Ctidiz 
from  an  cnUo  dafe^  and  Rotcliffe  himself 
rescued  him  from  a  howling  London  mob. 
This  noble  heart  settled  £10,000  on  Miss 
Ratcliffe  at  her  marriage,  and  left  CJharles 
the  heir  of  all  his  prop^ty.— CumberUnd, 
The  Jew  {177G). 

*^*  The  Jews  of  England  made  up  a 
very  handsome  purse,  which  they  pre- 
sented to  the  draqaatist  for  this  champion- 
ship of  their  race. 

Sheva.  in  the  satiro  of  Aheahm  and 
Aokittnfhel^  by  Dryden  and  Tate,  is  de- 
signed for  sir  Roger  Lestrange,  censor  of 
the  press  in  the  reign  of  Charies  II. 
Sheva  was  one  of  David's  scribes  (2  Sam. 
XX.  26),  and  sir  Roger  was  editor  of  the 
Obmnoator,  in  which  he  vindicated  the 


SHIBBOLETH. 


904 


SHILUNG. 


court    measoret,    for    which    he    was 
knighted. 

Tbmn  fflMTm,  tHHM  mora  kyal  aeNl  b«fe  dioini, 
WaImAiI  m  Jmfah't  lion  lor  tb«  crown. 

Tate.  Ahmtom  and  AeMUtphet,  U.  (168t). 

Shiiyboletll,  the  test  pass-word  of  a 
secret  society.  When  the  Ephraimites 
tried  to  pass  the  Jordan  after  their  defeat 
by  Jephthah,  tiie  puLtd  tested  whether 
they  were  Ephraimites  or  not  by  asking 
them  to  say  the  word  **  Shibboleth, 
which  the  Ephraimites  pronounced  **  Sib- 
boleth"  (Jud}f€8  xii.  1-6). 

In  the  Sicilian  Vespers,  a  word  was 
ffiven  as  a  test  of  nationality.  Some 
dried  peas  (ciceri)  were  shown  to  a  sus- 
pect :  if  he  called  them  cheecharee^  he  was 
a  Sicilian,  and  allowed  to  pass ;  bnt  if 
siseri^  he  was  a  Frenchman,  and  was  put 
to  deaUi. 

In  the  great  Danish  slaughter  on  St. 
Bryce's  Day  {Norember  18),  1002,  accord- 
ing to  tradition,  a  similar  test  was  made 
with  the  words  "Chichester  Church," 
which,  being  pronounced  hard  or  soft, 
decided  wh^er  the  speaker  were  Dane 
or  Saxon. 

ShielcL  When  a  hero  fell  in  fight, 
his  shields  left  at  home  used  to  become 
bloody. — Gaelic  Legendary  Lore* 

Ibe  MollMr  of  Oalnta  rnwhii  la  (he  haO.  .  .  .  Rb 
riiMd  Is  bloodj  In  tbe  baU.  "  Art  thou  bUen.  my  fUr- 
haifwl  ■on.  In  Irln'a  dlsmnl  war  t "— Oslan.  remora.  r. 

Shield  (Point  of  a).  When  a  flag  em- 
blazoned with  a  shield  had  the  point 
upwards,  it  denoted  peace;  and  when  a 
combatant  approached  with  his  shield 
reversed,  it  meant  the  same  thing  in 
mediieval  times. 

And  behold.  <HM  of  th«  Mu  ootetrimed  the  o<ben.  and 
they  Mw  a  tftleld  ilftad  up  above  Um  Mt  oC  the  ritip,  and 
the  point  of  the  rfiMd  was  upwards,  in  token  of  peace. — 
rk»  MaHmgkm  ("  fitaBwen,"  etc.,  twelfth  centurjr). 

Shield  {Striking  the).  When  a  leader 
was  appointed  to  take  the  command  of 
an  armv,  and  the  choice  was  doubtful, 
those  who  were  the  most  eligible  went  to 
some  distant  hill,  and  he  who  struck  his 
shield  the  loudest  was  chosen  leader. 

They  went  each  to  bis  hllL   Bards  marked  tbe  sotinde  of 
tbe  ibields.    Loudest  rang  thy  Urns,  Dnth-mamuo.    Iboa 
;kiri  in  war.— Qiriaii,  Cath-Loda,  tL 


*^*  When  a  man  was  doomed  to  death, 

the  chief  used  to  strike  his  shield  with 

the  blunt  end  of  his  spear,  as  a  notice 

to  the  royal  bard  to  begin  the  death-song. 

OalrbarriscBlnhtoanm    1hadai««rshlsldiiibaM(4. 
— Osrian,  Ttmora,  L 

Shield  of  Cathmor  (The).  This 
shield  had  seven  bosses,  and  the  ring  of 
each  boss  (when  struck  with  a  spear) 
conveyed  a  distinct  telegraphic  message 


to  the  tribes.  The  sound  oi  one  boss,  for 
example,  was  for  muster,  of  another  for 
retreat,  of  a  third  distress,  and  so  on. 
On  each  boss  was  a  star,  the  names  of 
whidi  were  Can'-mathon  (on  tbe  first 
boss),  Col-dema  {on  the  second),  Ul- 
oicho  (on  the  third),  Cathlin  (on  the 
fourth),  Rel-dnrath  (on  the  fifth),  Bcrthin 
(on  the  sixth),  and  Ton-the'na  (on  the 
seventh). 

In  Mi  arms  strBde  the  cUsf  of  Atha  to  whaM  Mb  shMi 
buns,  bigb,  at  nlgbt ;  high  oo  a  moeiT  bomdk  over  Lntiar's 
streamy  roar.  Seven  bo^es  roae  on  the  alMeld.  the  seven 
voires  of  llie  khig  wtridk  his 
wind.— OsstaB.  reMMra.  viL 


Shield  of  Gold  or  Goldbw  Shikld, 
the  shield  of  Mars,  which  fell  from  heaven, 
and  was  guarded  in  Rome  by  twelve 
priests  called  Salii. 

Chaise  Cor  the  hearth  of  Vesto! 
Ghai«B  Cor  the  OoUea  Shield ! 


BaU  to  the  flie  th«t  boiM  to  aye  (^  rertal 
And  the  shIeU  tlmt  feU  fhmi  heaven  I 
MaoBulay,  ^ofs  (/ J  nefewf  iEeme  ("  Bottle  of  tbe  lake 
KcsUtas.*  uxvllL.  ISOtL 

ShieldofIiOVe(7^).  This  buckler 
was  suspended  in  a  temple  of  Tenos  by 
golden  ribbons,  and  underneath  was 
written :  "  Whoskveb  bb  this  Shikld, 
Faikb  Amoret  bb  his." — Spenser,  Faery 
Queen,  iv.  10  (1596). 

Shield  of  Some  (The),  Fabius 
"  Cunctfttor.**  Marcellns  was  called 
**  The  Swofd  of  Rome.**    (See  Fabivb.) 

Shift  (Samuel),  a  wonderful  mimic, 
who,  like  Charles  Mathews  the  elder, 
could  turn  his  face  to  anything.  He  is 
employed  by  sir  William  Wealthy  to 
assist  in  saving  his  son  George  from  min, 
and  accordingly  help  the  young  man  in 
his  monev  difficulties  by  becoming  his 
agent,  ifltimatelvj  it  is  found  that  sir 
C^rge's  father  is  his  creditor,  the  young 
man  is  saved  from  min,  marries,  and 
becomes  a  reformed  and  honourable 
member  of  society,  who  has  '*  sown  his 
wild  oats."— Foote,  The  Minor  (1760). 

Shillalah,  a  wood  near  Arklow,  in 
Wicklow,  famous  for  its  oaks  and  black- 
thorns. The  Irishman's  bludgeon  is  so 
called,  because  it  was  generally  cut  from 
this  wood. 

Shilling  (To  cut  one  of  with  a).  A 
tale  is  told  of  Charles  and  John  Banister. 
John  having  irritated  his  father,  the  old 
jMLVk  sud,  ^*  Jack,  Til  cut  yon  off  with  a 
shilling."  To  which  the  son  replied,  *'  1 
wish,  dad,  you  wotild  give  it  me  now.** 

*4,*  The  same  identical  anecdote  is  told 
of  i&eridan  and  his  eon  Tom. 


SHIP. 


906       SHOE  THE  MOCKISH  MARE. 


Ship.  The  master  takes  the  «%  imt, 
but  the  mate  brings  her  home.  The  reftson 
is  thia :  On  the  first  night  of  an  outward 
passage,  the  starboard  watch  takes  the 
first  foar  hours  on  deck,  but  in  the  home- 
ward passage  the  port  watch.  Now,  the 
'*  starboard  watch  **  is  also  called  the 
master's  or  captain's  watch,  because  when 
there  was  only  one  mate,  the  master  had 
to  take  his  own  watch  (ue,  the  starboard). 
The  **  port  watch  "  is  commanded  by  the 
first  mate,  and  when  tiiere  was  only  one, 
he  had  to  stand  to  his  own  watch. 

*^*  When  there  are  two  mates,  the 
second  mate  takes  the  starboard  watch. 

iSE^p  ^The  Intelligent).  Eltida  (Frith- 
joTs  ship)  understood  what  was  said  to 
it ;  hence  in  ^e  Friihjof  Saga  the  son  of 
Thorsten  constantly  addresses  it,  and  the 
riiip  Always  obeys  what  is  said  to  it. — 
Tegn^,  Frithjof  Saga,  x.  (1825). 

Ship-Shape.  A  vessel  sent  to  sea 
before  it  is  completed  b  called  "  jury- 
•haped**  or  ''jniy-rigged,**  t^.  ricged  for 
the  nonce  (jour^t  **  pro  temporS");  while 
at  sea,  she  is  completed,  and  when  all  tiie 
tempocary  makeshifts  have  been  changed 
for  the  proper  riggings,  the  vessel  is  called 
**  ship-shape." 

HavlBt  bMO  «nt  to  aea  In  ■  bony,  ttiegr  wen  Htti* 
hatUr  ttea  Jary-riggad.  mhI  «•  art  now  bdns  put  into 
u— Ailljr  Jftnm,  Aqgust  S3.  1R70. 


Ship  of  the  Desert,  the  camel  or 
dromedary  employed  in  "voyages" 
through  the  sand-seas  of  the  African 
deserts. 

.  .  .  lat  MM  haw  the  looc 
And  paUent  ndftiiMi  of  the  dMMi«hl|>. 
IhA  iMbalaa  droowdaiy. 
tfna,   !%•  Dt(forwt^  TrmntfnrmU,  L  1  (IMl). 

Shix^toil  (Mother),  the  heroine  of  an 
ancient  tale   entitled   TiW   Strange  and 
Wonderful   History   and   Proph^^ies    of 
Mother  Shipton,  etc.— T.  Evan  Preece. 

Shipwreck  (The),  a  poem  in  three 
cantos,  by  William  Falconer  (1762^. 
Supposed  to  occupy  six  days.  The  ship 
was  the  Britannia,  under  the  command 
of  Albert,  and  bound  for  Venice.  Being 
overtaken  in  a  squall,  she  is  driven  out  of 
her  course  from  Candia,  and  four  seamen 
are  lost  off  the  lee  main-yardarm.  A 
fearful  storm  ^^reatly  distresses  the  vessel, 
and  the  captain  gives  command  "  to  bear 
away.'*  As  she  passes  the  island  of  St. 
George,  the  helmsman  is  struck  blind 
by  lightning.  Bowsprit,  foremast,  and 
inai»4opmast  being  carried  away,  the 
offieen  try  to  save  themselves  on  Uie 
wreck  of  the  foremast.  The  ship  splits 
on  the  projecting  verge  of  cape  Colonna. 


The  captain  and  all  his  crew  are  lost 
except  Arion  (Fadconer),  who  is  washed 
ashore,  and  being  befriended  by  the 
natives,  returns  to  England  to  tell  this 
mournful  story. 

Shoe.  The  right  shoe  first.  It  was  by 
the  Romans  thought  unlucky  to  put  on 
the  left  shoe  first,  or  to'  put  the  shoe 
on  the  wrong  foot.  St.  Foix  says  of 
Augustus: 


Get  oniMrwr,  qnl  mmmm^  ktm  tant  de  wgc—.  «t 
dont  le  rtgne  tut  d  floriMMrt,  rattoil  inmobito  et  oon> 
•teni4  hmqa'  U  lui  anivolt  par  mtemle  d«  nwUn  le 
MMiUer  droit  an  pled  gMidaeg  ec  le  soaUer  fMcbe  aa  jrfed 
droit 

Shoe  Pinches.  We  all  know  where 
the  shoe  pinches,  we  each  of  us  know  our 
own  special  troubles. 

Mi*tTnnI 


dont  I 

Shoemaker.  Uy  lord.  I  Uiink  tlMgr  fit  70a  Tcry  well. 
tore  Fb^  Tkef  bwt  Me  Jart  below  the  tnetcpw 


ahoem.  No.  nr  kwd.  tber  don't  bait  jmi  there. 
~»i^It«ntbceth« 
why,  then,  my  I 
9p.  What  I  Wilt 


Lord  Fo/K  I 
Skoem. 
Lord  Fop, 


thee  thrjrjriocb  me  eseorab^. 

■w  I  eanaoC 


Skoemt.  Tov  lordiMp  mhy  pleaee  to  feel  what  too 
think  St.  bat  that  dioe  doea  not  hwt  yen.    I  tUak  I 


nnderrtaiid  mgr  trader— Sheddan,  A  Tri^  to  8earborou§k, 
Li  [1777). 

Shoe  in  Weddinn.  lo  English 
weddings,  slippers  ana  old  shoes  are 
thrown  at  the  bride  when  she  leaves  the 
house  of  her  parents,  to  indicate  that  she 
has  left  the  house  for  good. 

Lather,  belnc  at  a  wedding,  told  the  brldetroom  he  bad 
placed  tbe  h^aad'e  ihoe  oa  Uie  hand  of  the  bed.  "afln 

£r  II  prlt  aliul  la  dooiinatlon  et  le  fou^'nieaient'* — 
khdet.  Hfe  eT  Luther  (ISIS). 

In  Turkish  weddings,  as  soon  as  the 
prayers  are  over,  the  bridegroom  makes 
off 'as  fast  as  possible,  followed  by  the 
guests,  who  pelt  him  with  old  shoes. 
These  blows  represent  the  adieux  of  the 
young  man. — Thirty  Tears  in  the  Haram, 
330. 

In  Anglo-Saxon  marriages,  the  father 
delivered  the  bride's  shoe  to  the  bride- 
groom, and  the  bridegroom  touched  the 
bride  on  the  head  with  it,  to  ^how  his 
authority. — Chambers,  Journal,  June, 
1870. 

Shoe  the  Gray  Goose,  to  under- 
take a  difficult  and  profitless  business. 
John  Skelton  says  tne  attempt  of  the 
laity  to  reform  the  clergy  of  his  time  is 
about  as  mad  a  scheme  as  if  they  at- 
tempted to  shoe  wild  geese. 

What  hath  lajmen  to  doe.  Tbe  graj  foee  to  iboeT 
J.  Skelton.  Cotgn  Ctomt  (14f»-U»)u 

*  *  it  fo  shoe  the  goose  *'  is  sometimes 
used  as  the  s3monym  of  being  tipsy. 

Shoe  the  Mockish  Mare,  shoe 
the  wild  mare,  similar  to  **  belling  tha 


SHOES. 


90«  SHOULDER-BLADE  DIVINATION. 


eat ;  **  to  do  a  work  of  danger  and  diA- 
coH J  for  general  not  personal  benefit. 

LtC  w  tw  vbo  dare  8b<M  the  moddrii  imm 

J.  flkdton.  Otlwn  Otmu  (14(»-inf). 

*^*  There  U  a  boys*  game  called 
**  Shoeing  the  Wild  Maxe,'*  m  which  th% 
players  say : 

8bM  lb*  wad  nan  i 
But  if  ib«  won't  be  ihod,  ibe  roust  go  bam 

Herrick  refers  to   it  (Works,  u  176) 

when  he  aays : 

Of  Mtnd-manVbuah.  and  of  tba  cam 
That  jKBODf  maa  hara  to  dioot  tba  mara. 

"  To  shoe  the  colt "  means  to  exact  a 
fine  called  '*  footing  "  from  a  new  associate 
or  colt.    The  French  say,  Ferrer  la  mule. 

Shoes  (He  has  changed  Ais),  *<  matftrit 
cakfioa,"  that  is,  he  hag  beoome  a 
senator,  or  has  been  made  a  peer.  The 
Koman  senators  wore  black  shoes,  or 
rather  blaok  buskins,  reaching  to  the 
middle  of  the  leg,  with  the  letter  C  in 
silrer  on  the  instep. 

(For  several  other  costoms  and  aaper- 
stitions  connected  with  shoes,  see  i}io- 
tkmarif  of  Phrase  and  Fable,  816-6.) 

Shonoa  {The  Seign  of),  the  most 
remote  period,  historic  or  pre-historical. 

Lat  w  int  laara  la  know  what  bdonci  to  oonalvea, 
and  then.  If  w«  bare  Maura,  oait  oar  refloations  back  to 
the  laign  of  Shonoa,  whogoremed  90,000  yean  before  the 
creation  of  the  aaoaB.-a4?aM«nith,  A  CMa«»  ^  «to 
WcHd.  Isxr.  (17V). 

Bhoo-King  ( The),  the  history  of  the 
Chinese  monarcns,  by  Confucios.  It 
begins  with  Yoo,  B.C.  2205. 

Bhoolbred  (Dame),  the  foster- 
mother  of  Henry  Smith.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Fair  Maid  of  Perth  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

Shore  (/a*M),  the  heroine  and  title  of 
a  tragedy  by  N.  Rowe  (1718).  Jane 
Shore  was  the  wife  of  a  London  merchant, 
b«t  left  her  hotbaad  to  become  the  mis- 
tress of  Edward  IV.  At  the  death  of 
that  monarch,  lord  Hastings  wished  to 
obtain  her,  bat  she  rejected  his  advances. 
This  drew  on  her  the  jealona  wrath  of 
Alicia  (lord  Hastings's  mistress),  who  in- 
doced  her  to  accuse  lord  Hastings  of 
want  of  allegiance  to  the  lord  protector. 
The  duke  of  Gloucester  commanded  tiie 
instant  execution  of  Hastings;  and, 
accusing  Jane  Shore  of  having  bewitched 
him,  condemned  her  to  wander  about  in 
a  sheet,  holding  a  taper  in  her  hand,  and 
decreed  that  any  one  who  offered  her  food 
or  shelter  should  be  put  to  death.  Jane 
continued  an  outcast  for  three  days,  when 
her  husband  came  to  her  succour,  out  he 
was  seized  by  Gloucester's  mjrnnidons, 
And  Jaae  Shore  died. 


[ISMIteia 
Bobia  paraoa.    Her  "Jaae  Shoaa"  mC 
the  auuiagerli  bocket  than  UaMod  Keaa, 
Faota.  or  Chanae  Keaiibla.~DofiaU«ia. 

Shoreditch.  The  old  London  tra- 
dition is  that  Shoreditch  derived  its 
name  from  Jane  Shore,  the  beaotifid 
mistress  of  Edward  IV.,  who.  worn  out 
with  poverty  and  hunger,  diea  miserably 
in  a  ^tch  in  this  subuib. 

I  oouM  not  set  one  Mt  of  braad. 
Wharahy  m  huaam  ailabt  ba  fsd .  .  . 
to,  weaiy  «  njr  Me.  at  leactha 
I  HeMed  up  mjr  vital  •trensth 
Witiiln  a  dtteh  .  .  .  wbleh  rfa 
laSbore-dMch  oaBad.  aewrileni 

A  baUad  in  PefTi'f  oaOaetioo.  Th»  Wt^fmi 


Stow  sa3r8  the  name  is  a  eomp- 
tion  of  **  sewer-ditch,**  or  (lie  eommon 
drain.  Both  these  etymologies  an  only 
good  for  fable,  aa  the  word  ia  derived 
from  sir  John  de  Soerdieh,  mm  mmmmA 
statesman  and  diplomatiat,  who  **rode 
with  Manney  and  Chandos  against  the 
French  by  the  side  of  the  Black  Prince.** 

ahorediti^   (Duke    of).     Bariow,    the 

favoarite  areber  ef  Henry  VIII.,  was  so 

entitled  by  tiie  Merry  M<MDarch,  in  royal 

sport.    Barlow's  two  skilful  coapanions 

were  created  at  the  same  time,  ^  marquia 

of  Islington,"  and  **  earl  of  Panoraa. 

Good  klnf.  maka  Mt  sood  httd  ef  liaooki  "daka  oT 
Sharadttche."— r*«  fton  Jlmm'$  PMioitn  la  Cftc  JOi^t 

(art.  xvl.,  160S)u 

Shome  (Sir  John),  noted  fbr  his  feat 
of  conjuring  the  devil  into  a  boot. 

Tb  Mabter  John  Sbema, 
That  bleaeAd  man  boma. 
Whkh  >«eiath  wtth  a  bote } 
I  beKhrawa  hli  hette  rata 
that  wfll  tnat  kfan.  and  n  ba  L 


Short- III ved  Administration 
(The),  the  administration  formed  Feb- 
ruary 12,  1746,  bv  William  Pnltency.  It 
lasted  only  two  oays. 

Shortcake  (Mrs,),  tiie  baker's  wife, 
one  of  Mrs.  Mailsetter's  friends. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  The  Antiquary  (time,  George  UI.). 

Shortell  (Master),  the  mercer  at 
LiverpooL— Sir  W.  Scott,  Peveril  (tf  tJk 
Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Bhortliose  (2  syL),  a  down,  servant 
to  lady  Hartwell  the  widow. — Beaumont 
and  Fletcher,  Wit  without  Money  (1689). 

Shorthouae  (Tom),  epitaph  of. 


jne  Jmett  Toai  flhurthoaae^ 

Rkhee; 
Qmirixitaki 

Oid  Litdom  (takes  froat  Mm  Jr< 


Shoolder-Blade  Diiinatioii. 

A  dlTlnatlaa  etmi^  tha  l>1ia  aftiii  laalA  haea  .  .  . 

^  the  dioaUer  ef  a  ram  Itom  aff  the  liiMaUe  parade 
Whleli  manr  Ch^  boo.  dM  I 


SHOYEUBOARDS. 


907 


SIBYLLA. 


_  to  eooM  foretbowi .  .  .  SeaiMi  tKnUj  at 

Mortbcn.  adaltaroM  ilealtlii,  m  ths  efenta  of  var. 
Ibe  mlgiM  amd  da^tha  of  UngB.  .  .  .  etc 

DiVtoo.  PotiforbUm,  r.  (IfflS). 

Shovel-Soards  or  Edward  Shovel' 
Boards^  broad  shillings  of  Edward  IIL 
Taylor,  the  water-poet,  tells  us  'Hhey 
were  used  for  the  most  part  at  shoave- 
board." 

.  .  •  the  uitbnft  evfiy  ^Vt 
mtmvit  do  1  iihiwi  h»r<  pier. 
Iqplor.  the  walerwpeei  (U0O-l»i). 


Shrewsbury  {Lord)^  the  earl  mar- 
shall  in  the  court  of  queen  Elisabeth. — 
Sir  W.  8oott»  Keniworih  (time,  Eliza- 
beth). 

ShropBhire  Toast  {The),  «To  all 
friends  round  the  Wrekin." 


Shufflebottom  (^^>  a  name  as 
somed  by  Robert  Southey  in  some  of  his 
amatory  piodoctions  (1774-1843). 

Shaffletan  {The  Horn.  Tom),  a  imhi 
of  rery  slender  estate,  who  borrows  ef  all 
who  will  lend,  bat  always  forgets  to 
repay  or  return  the  loans.  When  spoken 
to  about  it,  he  interrupts  the  speaker 
before  he  comes  to  the  point,  and  diverts 
the  conversation  to  some  other  subject. 
He  is  one  of  the  new  school,  always 
emotionless,  looks  on  money  as  the 
Sttrnmum  bonuoi,  and  all  as  fair  that  puts 
money  in  his  purse.  The  Hon.  Tom 
ShaflMton  mamee  lady  Caroline  Bray- 
more,  who  has  £4000  a  year.  (See 
1>IMASCUK.)— O.  Colman,  junior,  John 
JiuU. 


**  Who  b  lhl»-ol  hooto  and  braeehei, 
Qmtat  aad  cape,  and  ffon  and  iwltdiet, 
OrlM  and  griaiaeee,  ■hrasa  aad  capen, 
WUh  aflKtatioii.  ipleeii.  and  rapount" 

**  Oh.  Mr.  tlchard  Joiiei.  /uor  boaible " 

**  Pirllhee  glta  o'er  to  moutba  and  aunaUet 
Stand  Mill,  qieak  plain,  and  let  ui  he« 
Wtet  wae  latendal  far  the  ear. 
1*  htth.  wtthovt  die  timelr  aid 
or  hOK  ao.lMTt  ym  ever  pJa^yd 

>  or  Bow. 
) 


€LCrohar.«N 


tk»  Actmr  (ITTS-lin). 


Shutters  (Tbm,  wU  w  the).  A 
lieutenant  threatened  Mr.  Hoby  of  St. 
James's  Street  (London),  to  withdraw  his 
castom ;  whereupon  Mr.  Hoby  instantly 
called  out  to  his  errand  boy,  **  Tom,  put 
up  title  shutters.**  This  witty  reproof  has 
become  a  stock  phrase  of  banter  with 
tradesmen  when  a  silly  customer  threatens 
to  withdraw  his  custom. 

Shjlookythc  Jew,  who  lends  Anthonio 
(a  Venetian  merchant)  3000  ducats  for 
titree  months,  on  these  conditions:  If 
repaid     within     the    time,    only     the 


prindpal  would  be  required ;  if  not,  the 
Jew  should  be  at  liberty  to  cut  froM 
Anthonio's  body  a  pound  of  flesh.  The 
ships  of 'Anthonio  being  delayed  by 
contrary'  winds,  the  merchant  was  unable 
to  meet  his  bill,  and  the  Jew  claimed  the 
forfeiture.  Portia,  in  the  dress  of  a  law 
doctor,  conducted  the  trial,  and  when  the 
Jew  was  about  to  take  his  bond,  reminded 
him  that  he  must  shed  no  drop  of  blood, 
nor  must  he  out  either  more  or  less  than 
an  exact  pound.  If  these  conditions 
were  infringed,  his  life  would  be  forfeit. 
The  Jew,  neling  it  to  be  impossible  to 
exact  the  bond  under  such  conditions, 
gare  up  the  claim,  but  was  heaTiljr  fined 
for  seeldBg  the  life  of  a  Venetian  citizen. 
—Shakespeare,  Th$  MtK^umi  of  Vemoe 
(1698). 

It  was  of  a  Macklia  (1690-17^)  that 
Pope  wrote  the  doggerel  t 

This  bUie  Jew 


but    Edmund    Keen    (1787-1883)    was 
unrivalled  in  this  character. 

Accordlat  to  the  klndrad  auUioritar  of  ShrlodU  no  nan 
hatee  the  tUng  be  woold  not  kUL— Sir  W.  Scott. 

**«*  Paul  Secchi  tells  us  a  simitar  tale : 
A  merchant  of  Venice,  having  been 
informed  by  private  letter  th.at  Drake 
hod  taken  and  plundered  St.  Doming, 
sent  word  to  Sampson  Ceneda,  a  Jewish 
usurer.  Ceneda  would  not  believe  it, 
and  bet  a  pound  of  flesh  it  was  not  true. 
When  ihfi  report  ¥ras  confirmed,  the  pope 
told  Secchi  ne  might  lawfully  claim  his 
bet  if  he  chose,  only  he  must  draw  no 
blood,  nor  take  either  more  or  less  than 
an  exact  pound,  on  the  penalty  of  being 
hanged. — Gregorio  Leti,  Life  of  S$atu%  F. 
(1666). 

8ibbfild»  an  attendant  on  the  eail  of 
Menteith.  —  Sir  W.  Scott,  Legend  iff 
Montrose  (time,  Charles  I.). 

8iber,t.tf.  Siberia.  Mr.  Bell  of  Anter- 
mony,  in  his  TVotf/s,  informs  ns  that 
Siberia  is  aniversally  called  Siber  by  the 
Russians. 


From  Oolnea^  eoaat  and  8lbec%  draarr  nlMa. 

Cimphell.  Flm*my$  ^  Mmpt,  L  (ITISK 

Siberian  Climate  {A),  a  very  cold 
and  rigorous  climate,  winterly  and  in- 
hospitable, with  snow-hurricanes  and 
biting  winds.  The  valley  of  the  Lena  is 
the  coldest  region  of  the  globe. 

Sibylla,  the  sibyl.    (See  Sibyls.) 


And  thou.  Afeeto.  tMde  me  wyth  thir  foode  .  . 
And  tboa.  BibtUa,  when  tboa  Meet  me  ttjaia, 
Addiai  thmelTe  the  gyda  of  mj  eomphifiiie. 

aMkville.  Mtrromr/trMmatttrQ 
("  Oomplaiiilab"  eteVW). 


8IBTLS. 


906 


8IDNET. 


Btbjis.  Plftto  smakf  of  oolj  one 
mbyl;  HuiiAn  CapdU  Mys  there  were 
two  (tiM  Erythrcnn  or  Cnmaan  sibyl,  and 
the  Phrygittn) ;  Plio)^  speaks  of  the  Mtm 
sibyls ;  Jackson  maintains,  on  the  au- 
thority of  iElian,  that  there  were  fimr ; 
Shakespeare  speaks  of  the  nine  sibyls  of 
old  Rome  (1  Henry  F/.  act  i.  sc  2) ;  Varro 
says  they  were  ten  (the  sibyls  of  Libya, 
Samos,  CunuB  (in  Italy),  Canue  (in  Asia 
Minor),  Ei7thnea,Persia,Tiburtis,  Delphi, 
Ancy'ra  (in  Phr^fpa),  and  Marpesaa),  in 
reference  to  which  Rabelais  says,  **she 
may  be  the  eleventh  sibyl  ^  {Pcmta- 
gruel^  iii.  16);  the  raeduBval  monks 
made  the  naraber  to  be  twelwty  and  gare 
to  each  a  distinct  prophecy  respecting 
Christ.  Bat  whatever  Uie  number,  there 
was  but  one  ** sibyl  of  old  Rome"  (the 
CamflBsn),  who  offered  to  Taiquin  the 
nine  Sibylline  books. 

Sibyl's  Books  (7^).  We  are  told 
that  Uie  sibyl  of  Cums  (in  iEdlis)  offered 
Tarquin  nine  volumes  of  predictions  for 
a  certain  sum  of  money,  but  the  king, 
deeming  the  price  exorbitant,  refused  to 
purchase  them ;  whereupon  she  burnt 
three  of  the  volumes,  and  next  year 
offered  Tarquin  the  remaining  six  at  the 
same  price.  Again  he  refused,  and  the 
sibyl  burnt  three  more.  The  following 
year  she  again  returned,  and  asked  the 
original  price  forthe  three  which  remained. 
At  the  advice  of  the  augurs,  the  king 
purchased  the  books,  and  they  were 
preserved  with  great  care  under  guardians 
specially  appointed  for  the  purpose. 

H«r  iMDAlnliis  rtumw.  Hk*  Um  rflqrrs  booka.  beeuM 
■»!«  predoua  In  an  Incrmilng  raUo  aa  the  precadlnK  oiMa 
wan  dartnjrad.— P.  TlUpnud.  Tk*  fmrvtnu  numUp, 
L  7. 

Sio  Vo8  non  Vobis.     (See  Yos 

HON  YOBIS.) 

Sicilian  Bull  (The)^  the  brazen 
bull  invented  by  PeriUos  for  the  tyrant 
Phal&ris,  as  an  engine  of  torture. 
Perillos  himself  was  the  first  victim 
enclosed  in  the  bull. 

As  Um  OcOImi  baU  that  risktfbQf 
Hb  eri«>  echoed  who  had  shaped  Uie  mould, 
DM  ao  rebellow  with  the  voice  of  him 
Tomtentod.  that  the  brann  mouMer  ■eeaaad 
Itercad  through  wUh  pain. 

Dant«,  Btn,  nrtt.  (UOO). 

Sicilian  Vespers  {The),  the 
massacre  of  the  French  in  Sicily,  which 
began  at  Palermo,  March  30,  1282,  at  the 
hour  of  vespers,  on  Easter  Monday. 
This  wholesale  slaughter  was  provoked 
by  the  brutal  conduct  of  (Charles  d*Anjou 
(()ie  governor)  and  his  soldiers  towards 
the  islanders. 


A  similar  wassacrc  of  tiie  Danes 
made  in   England  on  St.   Brvoe*s   Day 
(November  13),  1002. 

Another  similar  slaughter  took  plaee  mX. 
Bruges,  March  24,  1302. 

*«*  The  Bartholomew  Massacre  (Ang. 
24,  1572)  was  a  religions  not  a  political 
movement. 

Sicilien  {Le)  or  L'Amoitr  Pkuctrb, 
a  comedy  by  Moliere  (1667).  The 
Sicilian  is  don  Pbdre,  who  has  a  Greek 
slave  named  Isidore.  This  slave  b  loved 
by  Adraste  (2  sy/.),  a  French  gentle- 
man, and  die  plot  of  the  comedy  tains 
on  the  way  that  the  Frenchman  allarss 
the  Greek  slave  away  from  her  master. 
Hearing  that  his  friend  Damon  is  goii^ 
to  make  a  portrait  of  Isidore,  he  gets 
him  to  write  to  don  PMre  a  letter  of 
introduction,  requesting  that  tiie  bearer 
may  be  allowed  to  take  the  likeness.  Hw 
this  ruse,  Adiaste  reveals  his  love  to 
Isidore,  and  nersnades  her  to  elope.  The 
next  step  is  tnis :  Ztiide  (2  9ffi.)y  a  young 
slave,  pretends  k>  have  been  Ul-tseated  by 
Adraste,  and  runs  to  don  PMre  to  crave 
protection.  The  don  bids  her  go  in, 
while  he  intercedes  with  Adraste  on  her 
behalf.  The  Frenchman  seenw  to  rdent, 
and  PMre  calls  for  Zaide  to  come  fortii, 
but  Isidore  comes  instead,  wearing  Zaide*s 
veil.  Don  PMie  says  to  Adraste,  **  Hiere, 
take  her  home,  and  use  her  well  !**  "I 
will,"  says  Adraste,  and  kada  off  the 
Greek  slave. 

Sicily  of  Spain  {The),  Alemtejo, 
in  Portugal,  was  so  called  at  one  time. 
In  the  Middle  Ages,  Alemtejo  was  **the 
granary  of  Portugal.** 

Sick  Man  of  the  East  (TV), 
the  Turkish  empire.  It  was  Nidiolas  of 
Russia  who  gave  this  same  to  the  mori- 
bund empire. 

Wehav«onoiirhandiaiidiiBaii.aT«t7ikkaHa.  It 
would  be  a  gnat  miefortoue  if  oae  of  tt«M  day*  he 
ibould  happeato  die  befere  the  iiiif—i 
ai«  all  made.  .  .  .  The  man  It  evtahaly 
DUKt  not  allow  auch  an  event  to  take  ae  bjr  i 
Hicholas  of  Roii^  to  air  Georf*  8iT»«v.  BrtI 
iTq^iirM  (Januarjr  U.  1S«4). 

Slddartha^  bom  at  (jaya,  in  India, 
and  known  in  Indian  histoiy  as  Buddha 
{ue,  •*  The  Wise  *'). 

Sidney,  the  tutor  and  friend  of 
Charles  Egerton  McSycophant.  He  loves 
Constantia,  but  conceals  his  passion  for 
fear  of  paining  Egerton,  her  accepted 
lover.~C.  Macklin,  1%9  Man  of  ih$ 
World  (1764). 

Sidney  {Sir  Philip),  Sir  Phflip 
Sidney,  though  sulTenng  extreme  thirst 


8IDN£rS  aiSTER. 


909 


SIBQFRIED. 


from  tiie  agonj  of  woandi  received  in 
the  battle  of  Zatphen,  gave  his  own 
draught  of  water  to  a  wounded  private 
lying  at  his  side,  saying,  "  Poor  fellow, 
thy  necessity  is  greater  than  mine." 

A  similiur  instance  is  recorded  of 
Alexander  "the  Great,**  in  the  desert 
of  Gedrosia. 

David,  fighting  against  the  Philistines, 
became  so  parched  with  thirst  that  he 
cried  out,  *'  Oh  that  one  would  give  me 
drink  of  the  water  of  the  well  of  Beth- 
lehem, which  is  by  the  gate !  **  And  the 
three  mighty  men  broke  throogh  the  host 
of  the  Philistines  and  brought  him  water ; 
Beverthelees,  he  would  not  drink  it,  but 
poured  it  out  unto  the  Lord. — 2  Sam,  xziii. 
15-17. 

Sidney's  Sister,  Pembroke's 
Mother.  Mair  Herbert  (bom  Sidney), 
ootmtess  of  Pembroke,  who  died  1621. 

UManMBlh  this  Mbb  hcMM 
Um  ib«  mhi»tt  «f  an  tmm— 
Mncgr's  mar.  Ptmbroke'i  motlMr. 
Death,  era  tkaa  bait  kflted  anotlMr 


fliiM  dttfl  U»row  bit  dart  at  thee. 
Wm,  Browne  (1S4&    See  LaiMdowne  CoIIeetloii. 
No.  777.  la  IbeBHtMi  MoMBB). 

Sidc/nian  Tincture,  purple  dye, 
T^rrian  purple.  The  Tvrians  and  Sido- 
mans  were  world-famed  for  their  purple 

dye. 

NoC  ha  that  pwwM  floMilaii  nnetora  dred. 
PblaeM  FlolclMr.  fke  PurpI*  IitmtA,  sU.  (183S). 

Bid'rophel,  William  Ully,  the  astro- 

loger. 

<k»th  Kalph. '*  Koi  te  frwB  henoe  doth  dvaU 
A  cwDtoiK  BHB.  hd^  SMrophat 
That  deak  in  diatlnji'e  dark  coanMl«i 


optnloiuof  the  aioon  Mile; 
atapeoph 


To  whom  au  people;  fhrandi 
On  deep  fanpertanoei  repair.^ 

&  Bntlar.  AnWnM,  M.  S(]IM). 

Siebelk  Margheri'ta*s  r^ected  lover, 
1b  the  opera  of  Faust  e  Margherita^  by 
Gounod  (1859). 

Si^ge.  Ifofi  9i0ge  est  fait,  m^  opinion 
is  fixed,  and  I  cannot  cnange  it.  This 
proverb  rose  thus :  The  abl^  de  Yertot 
wrote  the  history  of  a  certain  siege,  and 
applied  to  a  friend  for  some  geographical 
particulars.  These  particulars  did  not 
arrive  till  the  matter  had  passed  the 
press ;  so  the  abb^  remarked  with  a  shrug, 
"  Bah !  mon  si^  est  fait.** 

Cttege  Perilons  (The).  The  Round 
Table  contained  sieges  for  150  knights, 
but  three  of  Uiem  were  ** reserved.'*  Of 
tiiese,  two  were  posts  of  honour,  but  tte 
third  was  reserved  for  him  who  was  des- 
tined to  achieve  the  quest  of  the  holy 
gnuJL    This  seat  was  oUied  **  perilous,^ 


because  if  any  one  sat  therein  except  ho 
for  whom  it  was  reserved,  it  would  be  his 
death.  Every  seat  of  the  table  bore  the 
name  of  its  rightful  occupant  in  letters  of 
gold,  and  the  name  on  the  **  Siege  Perilous  ** 
was  sir  Cralahad  (son  of  sir  LAuncelot  and 
Elaine). 

Said  IIerifa^  **Th««  AaB  no  amn  A  hi  the  t«o  toM 
plaoet  bat  ihegr  that  eball  be  of  moet  worriiip.  But  In  the 
tH0if«  PtrVima  there  thall  no  man  ait  but  one,  and  if  anjr 
other  be  M  tardr  aa  to  do  k.  he  •haO  be  dartrojwd."— PL 
1.48. 

Then  the  old  man  made  dr  Oalahad  miarm ;  and  he  pot 
on  hhn  a  coat  of  red  aandet  with  a  mantel  opon  ola 
dMMlder  farred  with  One  anahiei.  ...  and  he  hcooght 
Um  onto  the  SImc  Peclloaa,  when  he  mi  beelde  idr 
Lancelot.  And  the  good  oM  man  Bfted  up  the  doth, 
and  Cooad  then  theee  word*  written:  Thb  Bmom Of  sia 
Galahad.— Sir  T.  Malocy.  BtUorg  9f  Prinet  Arthtir,  IlL 

novo). 

Siege  of  Calais,  a  novel  by  Mde. 
de  Tencin  (1681-1749).  George  Colman 
has  a  drama  with  the  same  title. 

Siege  of  Dajnascus.  Damascus 
was  besieged  by  the  Arabs,  while  Eu'- 
men^  was  governor.  The  general  of  the 
Syrians  was  Pho'cyas,  and  of  the  Arabs 
Caled.  Phocyas  asked  £umen^*s  per- 
mission to  marry  his  daughter  Eudo'cia, 
but  was  sternly  refused.  After  gaining 
several  victories,  he  fell  into  the  lunds  ot 
the  Arabs,  and  then  joined  them  in  their 
siege,  in  order  to  revenge  himself  on  En- 
men£^.  Eudocia  fell  into  his  power,  but 
she  refused  to  marry  a  traitor.  Caled  re- 
quested Phocyas  to  point  out  to  him  the 
govemor^s  tent ;  on  being  refused,  they 
fought,  and  Caled  fell.  Abudah,  being 
now  chief  in  command,  made  an  honour- 
able peace  with  the  Syrians,  Phocyas  died, 
and  Eudocia  retired  to  a  convent. — J. 
Hughes,  Siege  of  Damaacus  (1720). 

Siege  of  Bhodee.  by  sir  W.  Daven- 
ant  (1^6). 

Sieg'fried  [Seeg,freed\,  hero  of  pt 
i.  of  the  Nibeiungen  Lied^  the  old  (jerman 
epic.  Si^^ed  was  a  youn^  warrior  of 
pieerlesB  strength  and  beauty,  invulnerable 
except  in  one  spot  between  his  shoulders. 
He  vanquished  the  Ni&elungs,  and  carried 
away  their  immense  hoards  of  gold  and 
precious  stones.  He  wooed  and  won 
Kriemhild,  the  sister  of  GUnther  kin|i^  of 
Buigundy,  but  was  treacherously  killed 
by  Hagan,  while  stooping  for  a  dntught 
of  water  after  a  hunting  expedition. 

Siegfried  had  a  cape  or  cloak,  which 
rendered  him  invisible,  the  gift  of  the 
dwarf  Albcrich ;  and  his  sword,  colled 
Balmung,  was  forged  by  Wieland,  black- 
smith of  the  Teutonic  gods. 

This  epic  consists  of  a  number  of  differ- 
ent lays  by  the  old  minnesingers,  pieced 


SIEGFRIED  VON  UNDENBERG.    910 


SIGI8MUNDA. 


together  into  a  con&ected  story  as  eariy  as 
1210.  It  is  of  Scandinavian  origin,  and 
is  in  the  Younger  Edda^  amongst  the 
**  TOlsun^  Sagas  "  (compiled  by  Snorro, 
in  the  thirteenth  centary). 

Sfiegfriects  Birthplace,  He  was  bom  in 
Phinecastle,  then  called  Xanton. 

SHegfriecTs  Father  cmd  Mother.  Sieg- 
fried was  the  youngest  son  of  Siegmund 
and  Sieglind,  king  and  queen  of  the 
Netherlands. 

Siegfried  called  Homy.  He  was  called 
homy  because  when  he  slew  the  dragon, 
he  bathed  in  its  blood,  and  became  covered 
with  a  homy  hide  which  was  involnerable. 
A  linden  leaf  happened  to  fall  on  his  back 
between  his  shoulder-blades,  and  as  the 
blood  did  not  touch  this  spot,  it  remained 
vulnerable. — The  minnesingers,  The  Nu- 
belungen  Lied  (1210). 

BiegfHed  von  Iiindenbers,  the 
hero  of  a  comic  (German  romance,  by 
MttUer  (1779).  Still  popular  and  very 
amusing. 

Bie^Und  [See^.lind],  the  mother  of 
Siegfried,  ana  wife  of  Sie^pnond  king 
of  the  Netheriands. — ^The  mumeiiDgerB, 
Thfi  Nibelwtgen  Lied  (1210). 

Sieffmund  [Seeg,mund],  kio^  of  the 
Netheriands.  His  wife  was  Sieglind,  and 
his  son  Siegfried  [Seeg.freed]. — The 
minnesingers,  TAe  KSbelungen  Lied  (1210). 

Sieve  (The  Trial  of  the).  When  a 
vestal  was  charged  with  undiastity,  i^ 
was  condemned  to  carry  water  from  the 
Tiber  in  a  sieve  without  spilling  any.  If 
she  succeeded,  she  was  pronounced  in- 
nocent ;  but  if  any  of  the  water  ran  out,  it 
was  a  confirmation  of  her  guilt. 

Sieve  and  Shears,  a  method  of  dls- 
coveritig  a  thief.  The  modns  operandi  is 
as  follows  : — A  sieve  is  nicely  balanced 
by  the  points  of  shears  touching  the  rim, 
and  the  shears  are  supported  on  the  tips 
of  the  fingers  while  a  passage  of  the  Bible 
is  read,  and  the  apostles  Peter  and  Paul 
are  asked  whether  so-and-so  is  the  cul- 
prit. When  the  thief  s  name  is  uttered, 
^e  sieve  spins  round.  Theocrltos  men- 
tions this  way  of  divination  in  his  Idyll^ 
iii.,  and  Ben  Jonson  alludes  to  it : 

Sowtliliig  for  thlagi  UM  with  »  rffsre  and  Amn.—Tlk* 
AttiktHmt,  L  I  (1010). 

Sige'ro.  "  the  Good,"  slain  by  Ar- 
gant^  Argant^s  hurled  his  spear  at 
Godfrey,  but  it  struck  SigCro,  who  "  re- 
joiced to  suffer  in  his  sovereign's  place.** 
— TafBO,  Jerusalem  Delivered,  zi.  (1575). 


Sight.  Nine  things  art  ntetaemrj 
before  the  form  of  an^iihing  can  be  dl»- 
oemed'by  the  eye :  (1)  a  power  to  see,  (2) 
light,  (8)  a  visible  object,  (4)  not  too  small, 
(5)  not  too  rare,  (6)  not  too  near,  (7)  not  too 
remote,  (8)  clear  space,  (9)  suflScient  time. 
— See  sir  John  Daviee,  Immortality  of  tk$ 
Soul,  xiv.  (1622). 

Sightly  (OaptaiH),  a  dadiing  young 
officer,  who  runs  away  with  Priscilla 
Tomboy,  but  subsequently  obtains  her 
guardian's  consent  to  marry  her. — Th* 
ifoMp  (altered  £rom  BickeistafE's  Looe  w 
theiiUy). 

8igi8inonda»  daughter  of  Tancred 
king  of  Salerno.  She  fell  in  love  with 
Guiscardo  her  father's  'souire,  revealed  to 
him  her  love,  and  manned  him  in  aoavcm 
attached  to  uie  palace,  Taacred  diaeovered 
them  in  each  other's  embrace,  and  gave 
secret  orders  to  waylay  the  bcidcgroora 
and  strangle  him.  He  then  went  to  Sigis- 
monda,  and  reproved  her  for  her  degrading 
choice,  which  she  boldly  justified.  Next 
day,  shft  received  a  human  heart  in  a  gold 
casket,  knew  instinctively  tiiat  it  was 
Guiscardo's,  and  poisoned  heisell.  Her 
father  being  sent  for,  she  survived  just 
long  enough  to  request  that  she  might  be 
buned  in  the  same  grave  as  her  young 
husband,  and  Tancred : 


Too  iRtt  rapMittaf  «f  Us  ( 
Cite  oomaion  Mpnkhre  for  boUi  decreed ; 
IntoHriMd  the  vnfedMA  pair  la  Mydl  iMtab 
And  on  their  mooanMnt  ioMOibed  tbcir  fete. 
DrTden.  SigUmonda  mtd  CftHwortto  (thm  BococdolL 

SigisiniLnd,  empoor  of  Aastria. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Anne  of  Geierstem  (time, 
Edward  IV.). 

SlgiMnixnda,  daogfaler  of  SiffrCdi  lord 
high  chancellor  of  SiGiTy.  and  betroHied  to 
count  Tancred.  When  king  Koger  died, 
he  left  the  crown  of  Sicilv  to  Tancred,  on 
condition  that  he  married  Constantia,  by 
which  means  tiie  rival  lines  would  be 
united,  and  the  country  saved  from  dvil 
war.  Tancred  g^ve  a  tacit  consent,  in- 
tending to  obtain  a  dispensation ;  but 
Si^smunda,  in  a  moment  of  wounded 
pnde,  consented  to  marry  earl  Osmond. 
When  king  Tancred  obtained  an  interview 
with  Sigismunda,  to  explain  his  conduct, 
Osmond  challenged  him,  and  they  fought. 
Osmond  fdl,  and  when  his  win  ran  to 
him,  he  thrust  his  sword  into  her  and 
killed  her. — J.  Thomson,  Tancred  and 
Sigismunda  (1745). 

%*  This  tragedy  is  based  on  "The 
Baneful  Marriage,"  ao  episode  in  OH  BIom^ 
founded  on  fact. 


SIGISHinRDA. 


911 


SILKT. 


SiffistmandOj  the  heroine  of  Ceirantes's 
last  work  of  fiction.  This  tale  is  a  tissue 
of  episodes,  fall  of  most  incredible  ad- 
▼enhir^  astounding  prodigies,  impossible 
eharacters,  and  extravagant  sentiments. 
It  is  said  that  Cervantes  himself  preferred 
H  to  his  Don  Quixote^  just  as  Comeille 

? referred  Nicomede  to  his  (%/,  and  Milton 
*aradi$e  Brained  to  his  Paradise  Lost, — 
Encyc,  BriLf  Art.  **  Romance.** 

ISi^^iird,  tht  hero  of  an  old  S«midi- 
navian  l^end.  Sigurd  discovered  Bryn- 
hild,  encased  in  complete  armour,  lying 
in  a  death-like  sleep,  to  which  she  had 
been  condemned  by  Odin.  Sigurd  woke 
her  by  ripping  up  her  corselet,  fell  in  love 
with  her,  promised  to  marry  her,  but 
deserted  her  for  Gndrun.  This  iU-starred 
union  was  the  cause  of  an  Iliad  of  woes. 

An  analysis  of  this  romance  was  pub- 
liabed  by  Weber  in  his  Illtutraiiont  of 
northern  AtUiquitiea  (1810). 

Syil  i^l)i  ^  recording  angel. 

On  that  day  va  vfll  roll  up  Uw  hcavem  m  the  mgel  Al 
flUU  roOcch  op  the  nnU  whfltvln  «vw]r  man't 


(Biil),  a  burglar,  and  one  of 
Fagin's  associates.  Bill  Sikes  was  a 
h«nte»ed,  irreelaimaUe  villain,  but  had 
A  conscience  which  almost  drove  him 
mad  after  the  murder  of  Nancy,  who 
really  loved  him  (ch.  xlviii.).  Bill  Sikes 
(1  syl.y  had  an  ill-conditioaed  savage  dog, 
the  beast-image  of  his  master,  which  he 
kicked  and  loved,  ill-treated  and  fondled. 
— C.  Dickens,  Oliver  Twist  (1837). 

The  French  '' BiU  Sikes*'  is  "Jean 
Hiroux,**  a  creation  of  Henri  Monnier* 

Bikuxidra  iThe)^  a  vsausolenm  about 
six  miles  from  Agra,  raised  by  Akhbah 
**the  Great,**  ia  the  reign  of  our  Charles  I. 

Silence^  a  country  justice  of  asinine 
dttlnces  when  sober,  bnt  when  in  his  cups 
of  most  uproarious  mirth.  He  was  in 
the  commission  of  the  peace  with  his  eouslu 
Robert  Shallow. 

F9htaf.  I  did  not  tUnk  Master  SHenoe  had  been  ft  mM 
•Itbte  mettle.  , 

M/«iMf.WbaIt  IbBTtbeeoBMn7tinoeaiMloiioe,«n 
S  ««f*rr /r.  aet  ▼.  ac  s  (URQ. 


Sfle'no,  husband  of  Mysis;  a  kind- 
hearted  man,  who  takes  |>ity  on  Apollo 
when  cast  to  earth  by  Jupiter,  and  gives 
him  a  home. — Kane  O'Hara,  Midas 
(1764). 

BOnit  {Ths\  William  1.  prinoe  of 
Orange  (163S-1684).  It  was  the  principle 
c^Kapoleos  III.  emperor  of  the  French 
to  "  hear,  see,  and  say  nothing." 


Silent  Man   {Thm),  the  barber  of 

Bagdad,  the  greatest  chatterbox  that  ever 
lived.  Being  sent  for  to  shave  the  head 
and  beard  of  a  young  man  who  was  to 
visit  the  cadi*s  daughter  at  noon,  he  kept 
him  from  daybreak  to  midday,  prating,  to 
the  unspeakable  annoyance  of  the  cus- 
tomer. Being  subsequently  taken  before 
the  caliph,  he  ran  on  telling  story  after 
story  about  his  six  brothers.  He  was 
called  the  ^*  Silent  Man,'*  because  on  one 
occasion,  being  accidentally  taken  up  with 
ten  robbers,  he  never  said  he  was  not  one  of 
the  gang.  H  is  six  brothers  were  Bacbouc 
the  hunchback,  Bakbarah  the  toothless, 
Bakac  the  one-eyed,  Alcouz  the  blind, 
Alnaschar  the  earless,  and  Schacabac  the 
hare-lipped. — Arabian  Nights  (**  ITie  Bar- 
ber," and  **  The  Barber's  Six  Brothers  '*). 

Silent  Woman  iThe)^  a  comedy  by 
Ben  Jonson  (1609).  Morose,  a  miserly 
old  fellow,  who  hates  to  hear  any  voice 
bnt  his  own,  has  a  young  nephew,  sir 
Dauphine,  who  wants  to  wring  from  him 
a  third  of  bra  property  ;  and  the  way  he 
gains  his  point  is  this  :  He  induces  a  lad 
to  pretend  to  be  a  *' silent  woman.** 
Morose  is  so  delighted  with  the  phenome- 
non that  he  consents  to  marry  the  pro- 
digy ;  but  the  moment  the  ceremony  is 
over,  the  boy-wife  assumes  the  character 
of  a  virago,  whose  tongue  is  a  ceaseless 
clack.  Morose  is  in  oespair,  and  signs 
away  a  third  of  his  property  to  his 
nephew,  on  condition  of  being  rid  of  this 
intolerable  pest.  The  trick  is  now  re- 
vealed. Morose  retires  into  private  life, 
and  sir  Dauphins  remains  master  of  the 
situation* 

Sile'nns,  son  of  Pan,  ddef  of  the 
sile'ni  or  older  satyrs.  Silenus  was  the 
foster-father  of  ^icchus  the  wine-god, 
and  is  described  as  a  jovial  old  toper,  with 
bald  hesid,  pug  nose,  and  pimply  face. 

OM  SUends,  Moated,  drunken. 
Led  by  his  laebriau  wtjm. 

LonsfcUow,  DrhMngam^ 

SUhonette  (d  8^/.),  a  black  profile. 
So  called  from  Etienne  de  Silhouette, 
ootUrdlew  des  finances  under  Louis  XV. 
(1757). 

Lea  titonam  flnandeies  de  ee  aoiiiistre  ayant  pani 
mceqataee  et  ridicules,  la  earieature  if  en  eropara,  el  Ton 
doiina  la  uora  de  SHhoaettei  4  ees  denUie  ienparfaMi  o4 
Ton  ee  bomalt  k  indiquer  par  on  aimple  trait  la  contour 
desot^ieti. 

Sillcy^  a  Jew  money-leiider,  swindler, 
and  miser.    (See  Sulky.) 

Yei  ch«a(taa  Ant.  trwnbla  at  alolit.  and  act  Ike  knw- 
rrite  the  flret  tiling  in  the  ■aorah^— T.  Hala<art.  fh* 
Jtoa4  <e  itu«m  IL  S  (ITM). 


1 


SILLY  BILLY. 


912 


SILYESTRS. 


Silly  Billy»l^nilUni  IV.  (176fi,  1880- 
1887). 

Silu'res  (8  sylX  the  inhabitants  of 

Silu'ria,    that   is,    Herefordshire,    Mon- 

moathshire,    Radnorshire,   Brecon,    and 

Glamorganshire. 

ThoM  SUo'rb.  called  by  w  the  Sooth  Wales  men. 
DnrtOB.  ^afjwMon.  zri.  (ISUV. 

Silva  {Don  Huy  Gomez  de\  an  old 
Spani^  grandee,  to  whom  Eirlra  was 
betroUied;  bat  she  detested  him.  and 
loved  Emani,  a  bandit-captain.  Cnarles 
V.  tried  to  seduce  her,  and  Silva,  in  his 
wrath,  joined  Emani  to  depose  the  kin^. 
The  plot  being  discovered,  the  conspi- 
rators were  arrested,  but,  at  the  interces- 
sion of  Elvira,  were  pardoned.  The 
marriage  of  Emani  and  Elvira  was  just 
about  to  be  consummated,  when  a  horn 
sounded.  Emani  had  bound  himself, 
when  Silva  joined  the  bandit,  to  put  an 
end  to  his  life  whenever  summoned  so  to 
do  by  Silva ;  and  the  summons  was  to  be 
given  by  the  blast  of  a  horn.  Silva  being 
relentless,  Emani  kept  his  vow,  and 
stabbed  him8elf.-~yerdi,  Emani  (1841). 

Silver  Age  {The)y  the  age  succeed- 
ing the  golden,  and  succeeded  by  the 
iron  age.  The  best  period  of  the  world 
or  of  a  nation  is  its  golden  age,  noted  for 
giants  of  literature,  simplicity  of  man- 
ners, integrity  of  conduct,  honesty  of 
intention,  and  domestic  virtues.  The 
Elizabethan  was  the  golden  age  of  Eng- 
land. The  silver  age  of  a  people  is  noted 
for  its  elegant  refinement,  its  delicacy  of 
speech,  its  luxurious  living,  its  politeness 
and  artificial  manners.  The  reign  of 
Anne  was  the  silver  age  of  England. 
The  iron  age  is  that  of  commerce  and 
hard  matter-of-fact.  Birth  is  no  longer 
the  one  thing  needful,  but  hard  casn ; 
the  romance  of  life  has  died  out,  and 
iron  and  coals  are  the  philoso|Aer*s  stone. 
The  age  of  Victoria  is  the  iron  age  of 
England.  Strange  that  the  three  ages 
should  all  be  the  reigns  of  queens ! 

SUver  Code  {Th«)y  a  translation 
into  GoUiic  of  parts  both  of  the  Old  and 
New  Testaments  by  bishop  Ulfilas,  in  tiie 
eighth  century.    Still  extant. 

Silver-Fork  School  {The\  a  name 
given  to  a  class  of  English  novelists  who 
gave  undue  importance  to  etiquette  and 
the  externals  of  social  intercourse.  The 
most  distinguished  are :  lady  Blessington 
(178»-1849),  Theodore  Hook  (1716-1796), 
lord  Lytton  (1804-1878),  and  Mrs.  Trol- 
lope  (1790-1868). 


Silver  Pen.    Elixa  Meteymrd 
so  called  by  Douglas  Jerrold,  and  she 
adopted  the  pseudonym  (1816-1879). 

Silver  Spoon.  Bom  with  a  tSver 
apoon  in  your  mouth  means  bom  to 
good  luck.  The  allusion  is  to  ^e 
silver  spoons  given  as  prizes  and  at 
christenings.  'Hie  lucky  man  is  bom 
with  the  prize  in  his  mouth,  and  does 
not  need  to  wait  for  it  or  to  earn  it. 

SUver  Star  of  Iiove  (TKe).  ihe 
star  which  appeared  to  Vasco  da  Gama 
when  his  ships  were  tempest-tossed 
through  the  malice  of  Bacchus.  Imme- 
diatelv  the  star  appeared,  the  tempest 
ceaseo,  and  there  was  a  great  calm. 


Uendlns.  «Mh  ea 
1 M  aU  If  •tor*  emHie*  to 
Whaa  DOW  UMSOrer  Star  tif  Love 
Bright  in  Um  aa«  iwr  radiaBt  Croat 


Silver-Tongued  (The),  Joshna  Syl- 
vester, translator  of  Du  Bartas*s  Diomt 
Weeks  and  Workt  (1568-1618^. 

William  Bates,  a  puritan  divine  (1625- 
1699). 

Henry  Smith,  preadier  (1550-1600). 

Anthony  Hammond,  the  poet,  called 
"  Silver  Tongue  *'  (1668-1738). 

Spranger  Barry,  the  **  Irii^  Boscins  ** 
(1719-1777). 

Silver  Wedding  ( The)^  the  twenty- 
fifth  anniversary ;  tiie  fifti^h  anniversary 
is  the  golden  wedding.  In  Germany 
those  persons  who  attain  the  twenty-fifdi 
anniversary  of  their  wedding  day  are 
presented  by  their  friends  and. family 
with  a  wreath  of  silver  flowers,  and  on 
the  fiftieth  anniversanr  with  a  wreath  of 

S»ld  flowers.  1^  fifth  anuTeiMry  is 
e  wooden  wedding,  and  the  seventy- 
fifth  the  diamond  wedding.  Sometimes 
tiie  Wedding  Service  is  repeated  on  the 
fiftieth  anniversary. 

In  1879  William  king  of  Prassia  and 
emperor  of  Germany  celebrated  his  golden 


Silverqtdll  (^Ssm),  one  of  the  pri- 
soners at  Portanferry. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Quy  Mannermg  (time,  George  II.). 

Silves  de  la  Selva  {The  Exphd$ 
and  Achentures  of)y  p«rt  of  the  series 
called  Le  Roman  des  Jiomans,  pertaining 
to  "Am'adis  of  Gaul."  This  part  waa 
added  by  Feliciano  de  Silva. 

Silveetre  (2  9yl.).  valet  of  Octave 
(son  of  Argante  and  brother  of  Zerbi- 
nette).— MoU^  Les  FourbermdeSoapm 
(1671). 


SILVIA. 


918 


8IMUBGH. 


8il'Tia»  dMiglittr  of  the  duke  of 
HUaD,  and  the  lady-love  of  Valentine 
one  of  the  heroes  of  the  play. — Shake- 
epeare,  The  Two  Oentlmum  of  Verona 
(1594). 

Stmxnoiia  (Wtdow),  the  seamstress  ; 
a  neighbour  of  the  Ramsays. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Fortunes  of  Nigel  (time,  James  I.}* 


d'mon  {Martin)^  proprietor  of  the 
Tillage  Boat  dn  Monde,  and  miller  of 
Grenoble.  He  is  called  '*  The  king  of 
PeWoux,"  and  in  reality  is  the  bar(m  de 
Peyras,  vhb  has  given  np  all  his  estates 
to  his  ne^iew,  the  yoon^  chevalier  Ifar- 
ccllin  de  Peyras,  and  retired  to  Grenoble, 
where  he  Hved  as  a  villager.  Martin 
Simon  is  in  secret  possession  oi.  a  gold- 
mine left  him  by  his  father,  with  the 
stipolation  that  he  should  place  it  beyond 
the  reach  of  any  private  man  on  the  day 
it  became  a  "  source  of  woe  and  crime. 
Sftbissoa,  a  travelling  tinker,  the  only 
person  who  knows  about  it,  being  mur- 
dered, Simon  is  suspected;  but  Eusebe 
Koel  confesses  the  crime.  Simon  then 
makes  the  mine  over  to  tiie  king  of 
France,  as  it  had  proved  the  source  both 
**  of  woe  and  crime.'*— E.  Stirling,  The 
€Md-Mme  or  MiUer  of  Grenoble  (1864). 

Simon  Pure,  a  young  quaker  from 
Pennsylvania,  on  a  visit  to  Obadiah  Prim 
(a  Bristol  quaker,  and  one  of  the  guardians 
of  Anne  Lovely  the  heiress).  Colonel 
Feignwell  personated  Simon  Pure,  and 
obtained  Obadiah*s  oonsent  to  marry  his 
ward.  When  the  real  Simon  Pure  pre- 
aented  himself,  the  colonel  denounced 
him  as  an  impostor;  but  after  he  had 
obtained  the  guardian's  signature,  he 
confessed  the  trick,  and  showed  how  he 
had  obtained  the  consent  of  the  other 
three  guardians. — ^Mrs.  Centlivre,  A  Bold 
Stroke  for  a  Wife  (1717). 

*^*  This  name  has  become  a  house- 
hold word  for  **  the  real  maii,"  the  ipeis- 
ego. 


H'monie  or  Si'mont,  the  friar,  in  the 
beast-epie  of  Reynard  the  Fox  f  1498).  So 
called  from  Simon  Magus  {Acts  viiL 
»-«4). 

.    Simony  (iV.),  in  Foote's  farce  called 
The  Cozeners^  was  meant  for  Dr.  Dodd, 

Sim'orffy  a  bird  "which  hath  seen 
the  world  urice  destroyed.**  It  is  found 
in  KAf,  but,  as  Hafiz  says,  *'  searching 
for  the  siniofg  is  like  seardiiag  for  the 
philosophei^s  stone."  This  ^s  not 
agree    with    Beokford's    aceonni    (see 


IbB  aU-knowins  Mnl  oTaaBs,  who  i 

The  world  wHh  all  lu  chndrni  ttiiioo  deatnved. 
%am\b0t,  Thataba  tK«  Dmtro^tr,  rill.  19  (1797). 

Slmpcoz  (Saunder)^  a  lame  man,  who 
asserted  he  was  bom  blind,  and  to  whom 
St.  Alban  said,  **Come,  offer  at  my 
shrine,  and  I  will  help  thee."  Being 
brought  before  Humphrey  duke  of 
Gloucester,  the  lord  protector,  he  was 
asked  how  he  became  lame;  and  Simp- 
cox  replied  he  fell  from  a  tree,  which  he 
had  climbed  to  gather  plums  for  his  wife. 
The  duke  then  asked  if  his  sight  had 
been  restored  ?  "Yes,"  said  the  man;  and 
being  shown  divers  colours,  could  readily 
distinguish  between  red,  blue,  brown, 
and  so  on.  The  duke  told  the  rascal 
that  a  blind  man  does  not  climb  trees  to 
gather  their  fruits;  and  one  bom  blind 
might,  if  his  si^ht  were  restored,  know 
that  one  colour  differed  from  another,  but 
could  not  possibly  know  which  was 
which.  He  then  placed  a  stool  before 
him,  and  ordered  the  constables  to  whip 
him  till  he  jumped  over  it ;  whereon  the 
lame  man  jumped  over  it,  and  ran  off  as 
fast  as  his  legs  could  carry  him.  Sir 
Thomas  More  tells  this  storv,  and  Shake- 
speare introduces  it  in  2  nenru  VI,  act 
ii.  so.  1  (1591). 

Simple,  the  servant  of  Slender  (cousin 
of  justice  Shallow). — Shakespeare,  The 
Merry  Wives  of  Windsor  (1596). 

Simple  (7^),  Charles  III.  of  France 
(879,  893-929). 

Simple  (Peter),  the  hero  and  title  of  a 
novel  by  captain  Marryat  (1883). 

Simple  Simon,  a  man  more  sinned 
against  than  sinning,  whose  misfortunes 
arose  from  his  wife  Margery's  cruelty, 
which  began  the  very  morning  of  their 
marriage. 

We  do  not  kawrwfcjttwr  K  k  ■BCHwrj'  totmk  for  m 
TMhmk  or  Morth«ni  orlgliial  for  Ihb  oooa  pofialar  book. 
—Qmartertp  R99t«m, 

Simpson  (Tarn),  the  drunken  barber. 
—Sir  W.  Scott,  St.  Jlonan's  Well  (time, 
(xeorge  III.). 

Simeon  (Jean),  an  old  woman  at 
Middlemas  village.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Surgeon's  Daughter  (time,  George  II.). 

Simurgh^  a  fabulous  Eastern  bird, 
endowed  with  reason  and  knowing  all 
languages.  It  had  seen  the  great  cycle 
of  7000  prears  twelve  times,  and,  during 
that  penod,  it  declared  it  had  seen  the 
earth  wholly  without  inhabitant  seven 
tinies.— W.    Beckfoid,     VatheA   (notei» 

5  m 


SIN. 


914      SINGLE-SPEECH  HAMILTON. 


1784).  This  docs  not  agree  with  Sovtbey'B 
aocoant  (see  Simoro). 

tHn,  twin-keeper,  with  Desth,  of  Hell- 
sate.  She  sprang,  fnll-grown,  from  the 
head  of  Satan. 

WoMM  to  the  wwUL,  mmA  bfr. 
BM  MMilaff  foal  in  oMny  •  Ksljr  foU 
YohNDlnoai  and  tmI,  ft  Mrpaat  MtmmA 
With  BMTUl  ■tiac- 

Sin'adone  (The  lady  of),  metamor- 
phosed b^  enchantment  into  a  serpent. 
Sir  Lvbios  (on^  of  Arthur's  knights) 
slew  Uie  enchantress,  and  the  serpent, 
coiling  about  his  neck,  kissed  him ; 
whereupon  the  spell  was  broken,  the 
serpent  became  a  lovelj  princess,  and  sir 
Lybius  made  her  his  wife. — LSbeoMx  (a 
romance). 

SindlNUl,  a  merdiant  of  Bagdad,  who 
acquired  great  wealth  by  merchandise. 
He  went  seven  voyages,  which  he  related 
to  a  poor  discontented  porter  named 
Hindbad,  to  show  him  that  wealth  must 
be  obtained  by  enterprise  and  personal 
exertion. 

First  Voyage,  Being  becalmed  in  the 
Indian  Ocean,  he  and  some  others  of  the 
crew  visited  what  they  supposed  to  be  an 
island,  but  which  was  in  reali^  a  huge 
whale  asleep.  They  lighted  a  fire  on  the 
whale,  and  the  heat  woke  the  creature, 
which  instantly  dived  under  water.  Sind- 
bad  was  picked  up  by  some  merchants, 
and  in  due  time  returned  home. 

SeoomdVoyage.  Sindbad  was  left,  daring 
sleep,  on  a  desert  island,  and  discovered 
a  roc*s  egg,  *' fifty  paces  in  circum- 
ference.** He  fastened  himself  to  the 
claw  of  the  bird,  and  was  deposited  in 
the  valley  of  diamonds.  Next  day,  some 
merchants  came  to  the  too  of  the  crags, 
and  threw  into  the  valley  nuge  ioints  of 
raw  meat,  to  which  the  diamonds  stuck, 
and  when  the  eagles  picked  up  the  meat, 
the  merchants  scared  them  from  their 
nests,  and  carried  off  the  diamonds. 
Sindbad  fastened  himself  to  a  piece  of 
meat,  was  carried  by  an  eagle  to  its  nest, 
and  being  rescued  by  the  merchants,  re< 
tamed  home  laden  with  diamonds. 

Third  Voyage  is  the  encounter  with 
the  Cyclops.  (See  Ulysses  amd  Poly- 
PHKMOS,  where  the  account  is  given  in 
detaiL) 

Fomrik  Vo^ctge,  Sindbad  married  a 
lady  of  rank  m  a  strange  island  on  which 
he  was  cast ;  and  when  hts  wife  died,  he 
was  buried  alive  with  the  dead  bodv, 
aecoHing  to  the  custom  of  the  land.  He 
made  his  way  ont  of  the  catacomb,  and  | 


returned  to  Bagdad,  neatly  eniicbed  by 
valuables  rifled  from  uie  dead  bodies. 

Fifth  Voyage,  The  ship  in  which  he 
sailra  was  dashed  to  pieces  by  hage 
stones  let  down  from  the  talons  of  two 
angry  rocs.  Sindbad  swam  to  a  desert 
island,  where  he  threw  stones  at  tlie 
monkeys,  and  the  monkeys  threw  back 
cocoa-nuts.  On  this  island  Sindbad  eB« 
coonteied  and  killed  die  Old  Man  of  t^ 


Sixth  Voyage.  Sindbad  visited 
island  of  Serendib  (or  Oylon), 
climbed  to  the  top  of  the  mountain  **  where 
Adam  was  placed  on  his  expolsion  from 
paradise.** 

Seventh  Voyage.  He  was  attadced  by 
corsairs,  sold  to  slavery,  and  employed  to 
shooting  elephants  from  a  tree.  He  dis« 
covered  a  tiact  of  hill  country  completd^ 
covered  with  elephants'  tusks,  commmni- 
catcd  his  discovery  to  his  master,  obtaowd 
his  Hbetty,  and  retomed  home. — Arebimm 
Nigkte  («*  Sindbad  the  Sailor**). 

Sindbad,  UlyMeSy  azid  the  Cy. 
olops.     (See  Ulysses  asd  Polyphe- 


) 

Sin'al,  thane  of  Glamis,  and  fstfcer 
of   Macbeth.    He  married  the 
daughter  of  Malcolm  II.  of  Sootlaad. 

Sing  (Sadha),  the  moomer  of  the 
desert— Sir  W.  Scott,  TV  SmrgeomrM 
Daughter  (time,  George  11.). 

Singe  de  Beetne  (/>),  CamnistroB, 
the  Fiench  dramatic  poet  (1666-1728). 

SinginffApple  (TV),  in  tiie  deserts 
of  UbyaTxhis  apple  resembled  a  ruby 
crowneid  with  a  huge  diamond,  and  had 
the  gift  of  imparting  wit  to  those  who 
only  smelt  of  it.  Pnnce  Chery  obtained 
it  for  Fairstar.     (See  Sinoiko  Trkb.) 

1b«  riMbv  aiipto  It  M  fTMt  u  — tnHhfcw  af  vR  aa 
lb*  4ncfi««aMr  b  af  iMMtr-    Vouli  y«a 
iwhile  M  a  po0t  or  pnM  vriiar.  a  wit  or  a 
Jim  only  mttAwmtiM  H.  and  yoa  ai«_ 
^  nw  (Hliof  I 


(" 


[MiM 
of  whic 


leaves  sang  together  in  harmoniota 
ctrt.  —  Ar€imm     Nights     ("The     Two 
Sisters,**  the  Ust  story). 

*,♦  In  the  tale  of  Chery  and  Fiurstar, 
(« the  singing  tree  **  is  called  "  the  singing 
apple  *•  {q.v^. 

8in|^e43peech  Hamilton^William 
GeraitfHam&ton,  sUtesman  (172»-1796). 
His  first  speech  was  delivered  November 
18,  1776,  and  his  eloqoenoe  thicw  iete 


SINGLETON. 


915 


SIRENS. 


the  shade  every  oiator  except  Pitt  him- 
•elf. 

It  VM  mppoMd  that  he  had  edunatad  hbmdt  In  that 
Bh.  and  had  tweoais  pbniaBy  Incapable  of 
■eeond ;  ao  that  afl«rwaraa.  when  he  raalljr  dU 
)  a  aaoond.  ovanrbody  mn  naturaUjr  dhnctad.  and 
paopla  dropped  Us  aeqaaiBtaaoa.— De  QidDOigraTN- 


SinglBton  (Ot^tam),  the  hero  of  a 

novel  bj  D.  Defoe,  oalled  The  AdvmUtireM 

€/  Cc^aiam  SimgleUm, 

Iha  aeeood  part  [^f  RtUmmn  CHmm]  aeanaljr  Ham 
■bote  M>e  terel  of  Oaptote  Jli^tCeit.— Jwcpc  BHL,  Art. 


Singular  Doctor  (7^),  William 
Occam,  Doctor  Singularia  et  InvincibSia 
(1276-1347). 

*^*  The  "  Occam  razor"  was  entia  non 
stmt  nudtipiicanda,  "entities  are  not  to 
be  nnnecessarilj  multiplied.**  In  other 
words,  elements,  genera,  and  first  prin- 
ciples are  very  few  in  number. 

Sin'is  or  Sinmis,  a  Corinthian  robber, 
eaUed  ''The  Pine-Bender,'*  because  he 
fastened  his  victims  to  the  branches  of 
two  adjacent  pine  trees  bent  down  by 
force:  bein^  tnen  left  to  rebound,  they 
tore  the  victim  to  pieces. — Ortek  FatAe» 

In  Stephen's  reign,  we  are  told,  "the 
barons  took  those  supposed  to  have  any 
property,  and  inflicted  on  them  unutter- 
able tortures.  Some  thej  hanged  up  by 
the  feet,  and  smoked  with  foul  smoke ; 
some  they  hung  by  the  thumbs,  and 
weighted  with  coats  of  mail.  They  tied 
kncited  cords  about  the  heads  of  others, 
and  twisted  the  cords  till  the  pain  went  to 
the  bruns  ;  others  they  kept  in  dungeons 
with  adders  and  snakes.  Some  they  tore 
in  nieces  by  fastening  them  to  two  trees ; 
ana  some  thev  placra  in  a  crucet  house, 
u€*  a  chest  short  and  narrow,  in  which 
were  spikes:  the  victims  being  forced  into 
the  chest,  all  their  limbs  were  crushed 
and  broken." — Ingram,  Saxon  Chronicle, 

Sinner  Saved  {A).  Cyru  daughter 
of  Proter!us  of  CappadOcia  was  on  the 
point  of  taking  the  veil  among  Emmelia's 
sisterhood,  and  just  before  the  day  of 
renunciation,  EK^mon,  her  father's  freed 
slave,  who  loved  iKr,  sold  himself  to  tibe 
devil,  on  condition  of  obtaining  her  for  his 
wife.  He  signed  the  bond  wiui  a  drop  of 
his  heart's  blood,  and  carried  about  with 
him  a  little  red  spot  on  his  breast,  as  a 
perpetual  reminder  of  the  compact.  The 
devil  now  sent  a  dream  to  Cyra,  and 
another  to  her  father,  which  caused  them 
to  diange  their  plans ;  and  on  the  verv 
day  that  Cyra  was  to  have  taken  the  veil, 
she  was  given  by  St.  Basil  in  marriage  to 
Bkemon,  with  whom  she  lived  happily  for 


many  years,  and  had  a  large  family.  One 
night,  while  her  husband  was  asleep,  Cyn 
saw  the  blood-red  spot ;  she  knew  what  it 
meant,  and  next  day  Eleemon  told  her  the 
whole  story.  Cyra  now  bestirred  herself 
to  annul  the  com'^iact,  and  went  with  her 
husband  to  St.  Basil,  to  whom  a  free  and 
full  confession  was  made.  Eleemon  was 
shut  up  for  a  night  in  a  cell,  and  Satan 
would  nave  carried  him  off,  but  he  clung 
to  the  foot  of  a  crucifix.  Next  day,  Satan 
met  St.  Basil  in  the  cathedral,  and  de- 
manded his  bond.  St.  Basil  assured  him 
the  bond  was  illegal  and  invalid.  The 
devil  was  foiled,  me  red  mark  vanished 
from  the  skin  of  Eleemon,  a  sinner  was 
saved,  and  St.  Basil  came  off  victorious. 
— Amphilochius,  Life  of  8t.  Basil,  (See 
Rosweyde,  ViUx  Patrunij  156-8.) 

*«*  Southey  has  converted  this  legend 
into  a  ballad  of  nine  lays  (1829). 

Sinon,  the  crafty  Greek  who  per- 
suaded the  Trojans  to  drag  the  Wooden 
Horse  into  their  city.— Virgil,  jEneid,  ii. 

Dant^  in  his  Jnfemo,  places  Sinon, 
with  Potiphar's  wife,  Nimrod,  and  the 
rebellious  giants,  in  the  tenth  pit  of 
HalSbolgd  (see  p.  473). 

Sin'toism,  the  primitive  religion  of 
Japan.  It  recognises  Hen  ("  the  son  ") 
as  the  supreme  deity,  under  whom  is  a 
crowd  of  inferior  gods  and  goddesses. 
The  priests  eat  no  animal  twid,  'The 
name  is  derived  from  Sin,  a  demi-god. 

aintram,  the  Greek  hero  of  the 
Crerman  romance  Sinlram  and  Hia  Cbm- 
panions^  by  baron  Lamotte  Fooqu^ 

Sintrawa  Sword,  Welsung. 

Sio'na»  a  seraph,  to  whom  was  com* 
mitted  the  charge  of  Bartholomew  the 
apostle. — Klopstock,  The  Messiah,  iii. 
(1748). 

Siph'a»  the  guardian  angel  of  Andrew 
the  brother  of  Simon  Peter. — Klopstock, 
The  Messiah,  iu.  (1748). 

Si'phaz,  a  soldier,  in  love  with  prin- 
cess XVtlis,  sister  of  Astorax  king  of 
Paphos.  The  princess  is  in  love  with 
Poiydore  the  brother  of  general  Memnon 
("  Idle  mad  lover"). — Beaumont  and  Flet- 
cher, The  Mad  Lover  (1617). 

Sir  Orade,  a  dictatorial  prig;  a 
dogmatie  pedant. 

I  afR  Mf  wade^ 
Aadvheal  epe  aqr  ttpe.  lei  no  dog  hark. 
Shahtapeare,  Mmrciinnt  ^f  Venice,  act  L  k.  1  (ISSB). 

Siveni^  three  sea-nymphs,  whose 
nsaal  abode  was  a  small  island  near  cape 


8IRL0IK  09  BEEF. 


91% 


SITOPHAOUS. 


Pelorui,  in  Sicily.  They  enticed  Mulon 
ftfthoK  bv  their  melodiooi  tinging,  and 
then  killed  them.  Their  names  are 
ParthenOpe,  Ugeia,  and  Lencothga, — 
Qftck  xcMw. 

Sirloin  of  Beefl  Jamei  L,  on  his 
return  from  a  hunting  excursion^  so 
much  enjoyed  his  dinner,  consisting  of 
a  loin  of  roast  beef,  that  he  laid  his 
sword  across  it,  and  dubbed  it  sir  Loin. 
At  Chingford,  in  Essex,  is  a  plaee  called 
''Friday  HiU  Honse,"^  in  one  of  the 
rooms  ef  which  is  an  oak  table  with  a 
brass  plate  let  into  it,  inscribed  with  the 
following  words;— "Au*  Lovbrb  op 
Roast  BicEr  will  likbto  know  that 

OM  THIS  TaBLB  a  LoIM  WAS  KXIOUTKD 

BY  KINO  Jambs  tub  Fibst  on  his 
Rbtubn   brom  Huntlno  in    Eppino 

FOBBST." 

Knighting  the  loin  of  beef  is  also 
ascribed  to  Charles  IL 


OnlolnofhacfdiddkM: 
Be  ImU  bb  tword.  pl««a<,  oV  tfM 
"  Aria*,  tho«  auMd  ilr  Lohi." 


Siroooo,  a  wind,  called  the  solano  in 
Spain;  the  khamsin  in  Egypt;  the 
simoom  in  Western  Asia;  and  the 
harmattao  on  the  coast  of  Guinea.  The 
Italians  say  of  a  stupid  boek,  Era  tcritto 
m  tempo  dot  aciroooo  (*'  It  waa  written 
during  die  siroooo  "). 

Sister  Anne,  sister  of  FatTma  (the 
seventh  and  last  wife  ef  Blnebeaid). 
Fatima,  being  eondemned  to  death  hj 
her  tynwical  h«sband,  requested  sister 
Anne  to  ascead  to  the  bigne^  tower  of 
the  oastle  to  wateh  for  her  brothers,  who 
were  BK»mentarily  expected.  Blaeoeard 
kept  roaring  below  stairs  for  Fatima  to 
be  quick  ;  Fatima  was  constantly  calling 
out  from  her  chamber,  **  Sister  Anne,  do 
you  see  them  eoming  7**  and  sister  Mute 
was  on  thewateh-tower,  mistaking  every 
cloud  of  dust  for  tilie  monnted  bratiiers. 
They  sRived  at  Uuit,  rescued  Fatima»  and 
put  Bluebeard  to  death.— Charles  Per- 
lanlt,  CoHtes  (*'  U  Barbe  Bleue,**  1697). 

This  is  a  Scandinavian  tale  taken  from 
ih»  FoU^  Sagag. 

8i8'7phoc^  in  Latin  8i8;i^lin8,  a 
king  ctf  Corinth,  noted  fior  his  avaiice 
and  fraud.  He  was  pnnishert  in  the 
infernal  regions  b^  having  to  roll  uphill 
a  huge  stone,  which  always  rolled  down 
again  as  soon  as  it  readied  the  top. 
Sisyphos  is  a  type  of  avariee,  never 
satisfied.    The  avaridons  man  reaches 


the  summit  of  his  ambition,  and    bo 
sooner  does  he  so   than  he   finds   the 
object  of  his  desire  as  far  off  as  ever, 
with  I 


HouMT,  0dtm«9,  *L  (Pope's  truA.). 

Sisyphus,  in  the  Milesian  tales,  was 
doomed  to  die,  but  when  Death  came  to 
him,  the  wily  fellow  eontrived  to  fseten 
the  unwdcome  messenger  in  a  chair,  and 
then  feasted  him  till  om  Spare-ribs  grew 
as  fat  as  a  prize  pig.  In  time,  Pinto 
released  Death,  and  Si^phus  was  caught, 
but  prayed  that  he  might  speak  to  hia 
wife  before  he  went  to  hadds.  The 
prayer  was  granted,  and  Sisyphus  told 
his  wife  not  to  buiy  him,  for  though  she 
mizht  think  him  dead,  he  would  not  be 
reaUy  so.  When  he  got  to  the  infernal 
r^ons,  he  made  the  ghosts  so  mtny 
with  his  jokes  that  Pinto  reproved  him, 
and  Sisy^us  pleaded  that,  as  be  had  not 
be«!i  buried,  Pluto  had  no  juristfction 
over  him,  nor  could  he  even  be  ferried 
across  the  Styx.  He  then  obtained 
leave  to  retam  to  eaiA,  tiiat  he  mig^ 
persuade  his  wife  to  bnry  him.  Now. 
the  wily  old  king  had  pieviondy  bribed 
Herra^,  when  he  took  him  to  hadfo,  to 
induce  Zeus  to  grant  him  life,  provided 
he  returned  to  earth  a^in  in  the  bodv  ; 
when,  therefore,  he  did  return,  he  ae> 
mended  of  Herm^  the  fulfilment  of  his 
promise,  and  Hermds  indued  Zens  to 
bestow  on  bim  life.  Sisy]^s  was  now 
allowed  to  return  to  earth,  with  a  promise 
that  he  should  never  ^  again  till  he 
himself  implored  for  deadi.  So  he  lived 
and  lived  till  he  was  weary  of  Hring, 
and  when  he  went  to  hadte  the  second 
time,  he  was  allotted^  by  way  of  punish- 
ment, the  task  of  rollrag  a  huge  stone  to 
the  top  of  a  mountain.  Oiphens  (2  sy^.) 
asked  him  how  he  oould  endore  ao  cease 
less  and  vain  an  employment,  and  Sisy- 
phus replied  that  he  noped  ultimately 
to  iwx»mpUsh  the  task*  "Never,"  ex* 
olaimed  Orpheus;  **it  can  never  be 
done!"  *<WeU,  then,**  said  Siavphua, 
**  mine  is  at  worst  but  everlasting^  hope.** 
^-Lord  I^tton,  TaUa  of  MUetuSy  li. 

Sitoph's^^lS  {**  thevkeaU^tier^f  one 
of  the  moose  princes,  who,  being  wounded 
in  the  battle,  crept  into  a  dit»  to  avoid 
fnr^er  injury  or  danger. 


Orwpi  fton 

AMtWhMVl 

Ab4.  ale  MBbowcnd. 


61WARD. 


M7 


8KIFFINS. 


TIm  Unt  two  fineg  might  be  ameiidad 
thus: 

m^elMfci  th»  twjMtiMM  fcB—  with  b^kti  tiiMi. 
Aa4.  hid  boa  right.  iM«Cb  hb  liwtMit  doitk 

Siward  [^S^.toord],  the  earl  at  Nor- 
thmnberUind,  and  general  of  the  EngUah 
forces  acting  against  Macbeth. — Shake- 
Mmokth  (10M>, 


Six  Chronioles  (The),  Dr.  Giles 
compiled  and  edited  eix  Old  English 
Chromdes  for  Bohn*8  series  in  1848. 
They  are :  Ethelwerd's  Chroniclef  Asserts 
Life  of  Alfredy  Geoflfrey  of  Monmoath*s 
BHM  Hittory,  Oildas  As  Wtm^  Nettnias's 
Eittory  of  tk$  BfitcmM^  and  Richard  of 
dxemomtKrOntke  Ancient  Siatecf  Britain, 
The  bnt  three  irera  edited,  in  1767,  by 
professor  Beitimni,  in  his  Soriptorei  2Ws, 
D«t  great  doubt  exists  on  the  gemdMaess 
of  Dr.  Bertram's  compUattoB.  (See 
Tmsa  WBtTSBft.) 

Six  iBUnds  (The),  which  constitn- 
«sd  *'€fisiit  Bnttaay*'  tieloM  the  8axon 
pesied,  were  Ireland,  leelaad,  OotUaad, 
Iha   Oikn&fMf    Morwaj,  and  Daeia  (er 

Six  Months'  War  (The),  the  great 
war  between  Prussia  and  France.  The 
emperor  (Napoleon  III.)  left  St.  Clond 
July  28,  1870,  and  Paris  capitulated 
January  28,  1871. 

Sixpenny  War  (The),  the  0.  P. 
(pldpnce)  riot  of  Covent  Garden  in  1809. 
DO  called  because  the  managers  tried  to 
nuse  the  price  of  admission  from  Ss.  QcL 
to  4«.  If  the  managers  had  not  eiven 
way,  the  newly  built  theatre  would  nave 
beoi  utterly  dismantled. 

Sixteen-StrizuBr  Jadk,  John  Rann» 
a  highwayman.  He  was  a  great  fopi 
and  wore  sixteen  tags  to  his  breeches, 
eight  at  eadi  knee  (hanged  1774). 

I»r.  JoluuoaMad  thai  Grajr*!  poeCiy  towered  above  tbo 
^  nnt,m  Hlnw  Htring  Jock  abov  the 


SkeAnipton,    author    of    Bleeping 
Beauty,  Mauh  and  Bcicheiors,  etc. 

Ab4  are  frwrt  Skeflnfion  aunt  datan  oar  pnlM 
For  eklHlaa  eooti.  and  ikoleloaaoC  |4m& 

(IMS). 


SkeggS  (Mi$8  Caroiina  WUheiminA 
Ameliajf^the  companion  of  "  lady  Blar- 
ney.** These  were  two  flash  women 
introdnoed  by  squire  Thomhill  to  the 
Primrose  famuy,  with  a  yiew  of  beguiling 
the  two  eldest  daughters,  who  were  both 
yery  beautiful.  Sur  William  Thomhill 
ttiwarted  their  in^mous  purpose. — (Gold- 
smith, Vicar  of  Wakefield  (i766). 


Skeleton  at  the  Feaet    Plutaieh 

says  that  in  Ef^yptian  banquets  towards 
the  dose  a  seryant  brought  m  a  skeleton, 
and  cried  aloud  to  the  cuests,  *^  Look  on 
this  I  Eat,  driak,  and  oe  meiry,  for  to- 
morrow you  die!"  Herodotos  says  the 
skeleton  was  a  wooden  one,  about  eighteen 
in  length.    (See  1  Cor.  xy.  1^2.) 


feairtodaihlihaari; 
Rtrt.  Hko  the  Aoletoo  at  the 
That  wambif  tlinapleee  M«< 
"Forever— Never t  Hevor— ffOr ov«t I 
LeBSMhm,  Th*  Old  dee*  o«  Ae 

Skelton  (SamU  a  smuggler. >-Sir 
W.  Scott,  Redgauntlet  (time,  Geotge  III.). 

Bketohley  (Arthtf^,  George  Rose, 
author  of  Mr9»  Brown  (her  obMrrations 
on  men  and  objects,  polities  and  manners, 
etc.). 

.  Skettlae  (Sir  BamH).  of  Fnlham. 
He  expressed  his  importance  by  an 
antique  gold  snuff-box  and  silk  hand- 
karchief.  His  hobby  was  to  tstend  his 
aeqnaintsnnes,  and  ta  introdaoe  people 
to  each  other.  Skcttles,  j— ioi,  waa  a 
pupil  of  Dr.  Blimber.— -C*  Dickens, 
Ikmtbey  and  Sbn  (184^). 

Skevington's  Daughter,  an  in- 
strument of  torture  invested  by  Skeving- 
ton,  lieutenant  of  the  Tower  in  the  reign 
of  Henry  VIII.  It  consisted  of  a  broad 
iron  hoop,  in  two  parts,  jointed  with  a 
hinge.  The  yictiss  was  put  into  the 
hoop,  which  was  then  8()neezed  close  and 
locked.  Here  he  remained  for  about  an 
hour  and  a  half  in  the  most  inexpressible 
torture.  (Cienerally  corrupted  into  the 
**  Scavenger's  Daughter.*') 

Skvwton  (Ike  Hon.  Mre.),  mother 
of  Rdith  (Mr.  Dombey*s  seooad  wile). 
Haviitg  eaae  bean  a  beinity,  she  painted 
when  old  and  shrivelled,  becaic  en- 
thusiastic about  the  **  charms  of  nature,^ 
and  reclined  in  her  bath-chair  in  the 
attitude  she  assumed  in  her  barouche 
when  young  and  well  off.  A  fashionable 
artist  had  painted  her  likeness  in  this 
attitude,  and  called  his  picture  **  Cleo- 
patra.** The  Hon.  Mrs.  Skewton  was 
ue  sister  of  the  late  lord  Feenix,  and 
aunt  to  the  present  lord. — C.  Dickens, 
Dombey  and  aon  (1846). 


snobs,  bhMskgoaids.  At  West- 
minster Bchool  the  boys  call  themselves 
Bomans,  and  the  **  town  *'  Voted,  contracted 
into  *sci,  and  corrupted  into  "  skies.** 

''Snovban  Uie  iklMl "  thoi«ht  I.  oot  kaowing  tha 


Lofd  W.  P.  Lmbok.  C«t»tHHm,  e(«..L  S. 


SkifflTlB  (Miti),  an  angular,  middle- 


SKIMFOLB. 


918 


SUUVG. 


agad  woman,  who  wma  "gnm  kid 
gioTCfl  wb/ta  dressed  for  compMij.**  She 
marriet  Wemmick. — C.  Dickens,  Great 
Expectatiotu  (1860). 

SkLmpole  (Haroid)^  an  amateur 
artist,  ahrays  spon^og  on  his  friends. 
Under  a  plaosible,  bffat-hcarted  manner, 
he  was  intensely  selfim,  bnt  Mr.  Jamdyce 
looked  on  him  as  a  mere  child,  and 
believed  in  him  implicitly. — C.  Dickens, 
BUak  Hrnue  (1852). 

rrhe  original  of  this  character  was 
Leigh  Hont,  who  was  greatly  displeased 
at  &e  skit) 

Skin  {The  Mam  mthtmt  a),  Richard 
Comberiand.  So  called  by  Uarrick,  on 
aoconnt  of  his  painfol  sensitiveness  of 
all  criticism,  llie  same  irritability  of 
temper  made  Sheridan  caricature  him  in 
The  Critic  as  ""sir  Fretful  Phigiary'* 
(178»-1811). 

Bhilifk.Ti  {^^9hmmq  Mantf"),  the 
horse  which  draws  the  eharioi  of  day. — 
Soamiinamem  Jfytholegy, 

81u>fhilng,  the  sword  of  king  Rolf 
the  Norway  hero,  preserved  for  centuries 
in  loelaod. 

Skogan.    (See  Scooah.) 

Bkreiffh  (Mr,),  the  precentor  at  tilie 
Gordon  Xrms  ina,  Kippletringan. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Ouy  Mammcrmg  (time,  George 
II.). 

SkullB.  The  skulls  of  the  ancient 
Persians  were  so  thin-boned  that  a  small 
pebble  would  break  them  ;  whereas  those 
of  the  Egyptians  were  so  thick  in  the 
bone  that  they  would  not  break  even  with 
the  blow  of  a  huge  stone. — Herodotos, 
Bittory  (in  nine  hooka,  called  *<The 
Nine  Muses"). 

Skulls  at  Banquets.  Plutarch 
teUs  us  that  towards  the  close  of  an 
Egyptian  feast  a  servant  brought  in  a 
skeleton,  and  cried  to  the  guests,  **  Eat, 
drink,  and  be  merry,  for  to-morrow  you 
dier 

Ulw  dadb  at  Memphian  baoqiMte. 

Byron,  Don  Juan,  UL  68  (ISW) 

Skurliewhitter  iAndrew)^  the 
scrivener. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Fortunes  of 
Higel  (time,  James  I.). 

Sky-Xiark^  lark  with  the  "  skies  ** 
or  'scis.  The  Westminster  boys  used  to 
style  themselves  JtomanSf  and  the 
"town**  Volaci;  the  latter  word  was 
curtailed  to  *sct  [shy],  A  row  between 
the  Westminsterians  and  the  town  roughs 


called  A  *s»4ar«eff  slaikwitikthe 
Y<^sct. 

Skyreeh    Borgrolam,    tbe   In^ 

admiral  or  galbet  of  the  realm  of  lillipvL 
—Swift,  GtdUoef's  TraveU  {^Yojagf  to 
liUipnt,"  iiL,  1726). 

8.  la.  Land  ordered  Williaa  Pryvia 
to  be  branded  on  both  dieeks  with  tha 
letters  S.  L.,  meaning  '*Schtsmatie  libel- 
ler;"  but  Pipmne  insisted  that  the  Icttesa 
stood  for  Stigmata  Laudis  ("  Land's  dis- 
grace"). 

Slackbrids^Si  oat  of  the  "haDda" 
in  BooBdoby's  null  at  Coketown.  Slack- 
bridge  is  an  ill-eooditioBed  fdiknr,  ill 
made,  with  lowering  ejrebrowa,  and 
though  inferior  to  many  of  the  otfacn, 
exercises  over  them  a  great  influmce. 
He  is  the  orator,  who  stirs  up  his  fellow- 
workmen  to  strike. — C  Dicktns,  Jthrd 
Timet  (1854). 


Slammerkin  (Jfrt.). 
heath  says  of  her,  ^  She  is  eardesa  aad 
genteel.*^  "All  yonineladiea,"  headda, 
**  who  know  your  own  beauty,  affect  aa 
undress." — Gay,  The  Jkggar*s  Opera,  ii. 
1  (1727). 

Slander,  an  old  hag,  of  "tagged, 
rude  attyre,  and  filthy  lockea,**  who 
sucked  venom  out  of  her  nails.  It  waa 
her  nature  to  abuse  all  goodness,  to  fram« 
groundless  charges,  to  '*  steale  away  the 
crowne  of  a  g(K>d  name,**  and  "never 
thing  so  well  was  doen,  but  she  with 
blame  would  blot,  and  of  due  piaiaa 
deprive.** 


A  foule  and  loathlj  craatan  nra  in  «(^. 
And  In  condiUont  to  be  loathad  no  Imm  : 
For  the  was  stuft  wtth  rmoooor  and  datpigkt 
Up  to  the  throat,  that  oft  wUhlilllM  II ■■ 
It  fbrth  woold  bfMlra  aad  coh  In  anat  mm 
Poufiof  out  iCnaaM*  of  pojraon  and  of  fall 
"OafaMt  all  tint  tnitli  or  Tcftoa  doe  protoM. 
Wbom  At  wttk  kaM mv  kvdlr  dU  nbadl. 
And  wiekedljr  backlrfta.    Her  name  boo  * 
catt. 

r. /b*v  QiMem  rr.  TttL  M  (ISM^ 


Slang,  from  Slangenbeip;,  a  Dutdi 
general,  noted  for  his  abusive  and  ex* 
aggerated  epithets  when  he  reproved  the 
men  under  his  command.  The  etymon 
is  suited  to  this  dictionary,  sod  the  fol- 
lowing are  not  without  wit: — ^Italian, 
t'lingxia^  s  negative  and  lingua  =  "  bad 
hui^age;"  French, escAs^uirtf,  "an event 
which  gives  rise  to  scandal,"  hence,  fairt 
esciaruu^,  "to  expose  one  to  scandal,'' 
oauaer  de  VesQandre^  "  to  give  ground  for 
scandal  ;*'  Greek,  s«xndf/oa,  "an  offence, 
a  scandal."  "  Slangs,**  fetters  for  male» 
factors. 


SLANtiO. 


919 


SLEEPER. 


Slango,  m  iwl,  Mrvant  of  Gaylove 
a  young  barrister.  He  dresses  up  as  a 
'woman,  and  when  squire  Sapskull  comes 
from  Yorkshire  for  a  wife,  Slango  passes 
bimself  off  as  Arbella.  In  the  mean  time, 
GaWove  assumes  the  airs  and  manners  of 
m  Yorkshire  tike,  and  marries  Arbella, 
y^rth  whom  he  is  in  love. — Carey,  The 
Mtmest  Torkshireman  (1736). 

Slawken-Ber'^us  Hafen,  an 
imaginary  author,  distingniBhed  for  the 
grtMt  length  of  his  nose.  In  the  Life 
amd  Opinions  of  Tri$tram  Shandy  (by 
Sttfoe),  Slawken-Bergins  is  referred  to 
ju  a  great  authority  on  all  lore  connected 
-with  noses,  and  a  curious  tale  is  intro- 
duced from  his  hjrpothetical  works  about 
A  man  with  an  enormously  long  nose. 

lf«  nmm  cm  b*  Jortir  imptMitA  bf  Um  iwUIc.  m* 
mmm  «h»aaMar81a»k«i-B«r|lM  liiinair.-GvlrU. 

SU^KOOd  (<7MnU)>  master  of  a  ^pmg 
of  thieves  which  inifested  the  King's 
highway.  Mr.  Greatheart  slew  him,  and 
leacued  Feeblemind  from  his  grasp  in  a 
duel. — Bunyan,  PHgrim*$  Progress,  iL 
(1684). 

Slea'ryy  proprietor  of  the  circus  at 
Coketown.  A  stout  man,  with  one  eve 
fiAcd  and  one  loose,  a  voice  like  the 
efforts  of  a  broken  pair  of  bellows,  a 
flabby  skin,  and  muddled  head.  He  was 
never  sober  and  never  drunk,  but  always 
kind-hearted.  Tom  Gradgrind,  after 
lobbing  the  bank,  lay  conc^ed  in  this 
ctfcus  as  a  black  servant,  till  Sleary  con- 
nived at  his  escape.  This  Sleary  did  in 
mtitude  to  Thomas  Gradgrind,  Em^., 
If.?.,  who  adopted  and  educated  Cecilia 
Jape,  dau^ter  of  his  clown,  signor 
Jope. 

Josephine  Seary^  daughter  of  the  circus 
proprietor,  a  pretty  gin  of  18,  who  had 
Men  tied  on  a  horse  at  two  yean  old. 
mad  had  made  a  will  at  12.  This  will 
Ahe  carried  about  with  her,  and  in  it  she 
signified  her  desire  to  be  drawn  to  the 
grave  by  two  piebald  ponies.  Josephine 
married  £.  W.  B.  Childers  of  her  father*s 
circus.— C.  Dickens,  Hard  Times  (1854). 

Sleek  {Amkujukb),  in  The  Serious 
Family,  a  comedy  by  Morris  Bamett. 

Sleeper  (The),  Almost  all  nations 
have  a  tradition  about  some  sleeper,  who 
will  wake  after  a  long  period  of  dor- 
mancy. 

Amerioan  (North),  Rip  vaw  Wikklb, 
a  Dutch  colonist  of  New  Tork,  slept 
twenty  yean    in  the  Kaatskill  Moun- 


tains of  N<Mrth  A  mmifla.— Washington 
Irving. 

American  (Sovth),  SiBASTiAir  I.,  sup- 
posed to  have  fallen  in  the  battle  of 
Alcazarquebir,  in  1678,  is  only  asleep, 
and  will  in  due  time  awake,  return  to 
life,  and  make  Brazil  the  chief  kingdom 
of  the  earth. 

Arabian  Leaends,  Mahommkd  Mo- 
HADi.  the  twelfth  im&n,  is  only  sleeping, 
like  Chariemagne,  till  Antichrist  appean, 
when  he  will  awake  in  his  strengtn,  and 
overthrow  the  great  enemy  of  all  true 
believen. 

NouBJAHAD  is  only  in  a  tempomry 
sleep,  waiting  the  fulness  of  time. 

British  TrctdiUons,  KiMO  Abthub  is 
not  dead  in  Avillon,  but  is  merdy  meta- 
morphosed into  a  raven.  In  due  time  he 
will  awake,  resume  his  proper  person, 
claim  the  throne  of  Britain,  and  make  it 
the  head  and  front  of  all  the  kingdoms 
of  the  globe.  **  Because  king  Arthur 
bean  for  the  nonce  the  semblance  of  a 
raven,  the  people  of  Britain  never  kill  a 
raven  **  (Cervantes,  Don  Quixote,  I.  ii.  5). 

Gtnbth  slept  600  yean  by  the  en- 
chantment of  Merlin.  She  was  the 
natural  daughter  of  king  Arthur  and 
Guendolen,  and  was  thus  punished  be- 
cause she  would  not  put  an  end  to  a  com- 
bat in  which  twenty  knights  were  mortallv 
wounded,  including  Merlin*s  soB.^^ir  W. 
Scott,  Bridal  of  Ji^main  (1818). 

Mbblin,  the  enchanter,  is  not  dead, 
but  *' sleeps  and  si^^  in  an  old  tree, 
spell-bound  by  Vivien.** — British  LegemU 

St.  David  was  thrown  into  an  en- 
chanted sleep  by  Ormandine,  but  alter 
sleeoing  for  seven  yean,  was  awoke  by 

jn-ench  Legend,  The  French  slain  in 
the  Sicilian  Ybspebs  are  not  really 
dead,  but  tbey  sleep  for  the  time  being, 
awaiting  the  day  of  retribution. 

German  Legends.  Babbabossa  with 
six  of  his  knights  sleep  in  K3rffhattsberg, 
in  Thuringia,  till  the  fulness  of  time, 
when  they  will  awake  and  make  Germany 
the  foremost  kiuffdom  of  the  earth.  The 
beard  of  the  red  luna  has  alreadv  grown 
through  the  table  »ab  at  which  he  is 
sitting,  but  it  must  wind  itself  tiiree 
times  round  the  table  before  his  second 
advent.  Barbarossa  occasionally  wakes 
and  asks,  ^Ms  it  time  ?  '*  when  a  voice 
replies,  **  Not  yet.    Sleep  on.*' 

Chablbmaonb  is  not  dead,  but  only 
asleep  in  Untereberg,  near  Saltzburg^ 
waiting  for  tbe  advent  of  Antichrist, 
whoi  he  will  rouse  from  his  slumber,  go 


SUKTEB. 


MO 


SLEEPEB  AWAKENED. 


ioftb  MaqoerinK,  9mi  wiU  dalhrtr  Girw- 
tendom  thiU  it  may  be  fit  for  the  aeeond 
mdvent  aa4  penonal  reign  of  Christ. 

Chaklks  y.  kaiser  of  Germany  is 
only  ^leep,  waiting  his  time,  when  he 
will  awake,  retom  to  earth,  '*  resume  the 
monarchy  orer Germany,  Portugal,  Spain, 
Belgium,  the  Netherlands,  and  Denmark, 
putung  all  enemies  under  his  feet. 

Khbz  Lazab,  of  Servia,  supposed  to 
hare  been  slain  by  the  Turks  in  1889,  is 
not  really  dead,  but  has  put  on  sleep  for 
a  while,  and  at  an  allotted  moment  he  will 
re-appear  in  his  full  strength. 

Oredan  Legends.  Exnrif'iOK,  a  beau- 
tiful yonth,  sleeps  a  peipetnal  sleep  in 
Latmos.  Belfnd  (the  moon)  fell  in  lore 
with  him,  kissed  him,  and  still  lies  by 
his  side.  In  the  British  Museum  is  an 
exquisite  statue  of  EndymioB  asleep. — 
Greek  Fable. 

Epimbn'idbs  (5  syl.)  the  Cretan  poet 
was  sent  in  boyhood  to  search  for  a  stray 
sheep;  being  heated  and  weaiy,  he 
stepped  into  a  cave,  and  fell  asleep  for 
fiftv-seven  years.  Epimenidte,  we  are 
told,  attained  the  age  of  164,  IN^  229, 
and  some  say  289  years. — Pliny,  BteUnry^ 
vii.  12. 

Irieh  TradituMs,  Brian,  sumamed 
'*  Boroimbe,**  king  of  Ireland,  who  con- 
quered Uie  Danes  in  twenty'  pitched 
battles,  and  was  supposed  to  have  been 
slain  in  the  battle  of  Clontarf,  in  1014, 
was  only  stunned.  He  still  sleeps  in  his 
castle  of  Kincora,  and  the  day  of  Ire- 
land's necessity  will  be  Brian's  oppor- 
tunity. 

Desmond  op  Kilmallock,  in  Lime- 
rick, supposed  to  have  perished  in  the 
reign  of  Elizabeth,  is  only  sleeping  under 
the  waters  of  lough  Gur.  Every  seventii 
year  be  re-appears  in  full  armour,  rides 
round  the  lake  early  in  Uie  morning,  and 
will  ultiinately  re-appear  and  claim  the 
family  estates. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Forttmsa 
•/  Nigei. 

Jewish  Legend,  Elijah  the  prophet 
is  not  dead,  but  sl^ps  in  Abraham's 
bosom  till  Antichrist  appears,  when  he 
will  return  to  Jerusalem  and  restore  all 
tilings. 

Russian  Tradition.  Emjah  Mansur, 
warrior,  prophet,  and  priest  in  Asiatic 
Russia,  tried  to  teach  a  more  tolerant 
form  of  Islam,  but  was  looked  on  as  a 
heretic,  and  condemned  to  imprisonment 
in  the  bowels  of  a  mountain.  There  he 
sleeps,  waiting  patiently  the  summons 
which  will  be  given  him,  when  he  will 
aiwake,  and  wave  his  conquering  sword  to 


the  terror  of  the  MweoFite.— Miber, 
Oatiery  of  Geography y  781. 

Soandmacian  Tradition,  Olaf  Tktoo« 
VABON  king  of  Norway,  who  was  baptised 
in  London,  and  introduced  Qiristiani^ 
into  Norway,  Iceland,  and  Greenland. 
Being  overthrown  by  SwoMe  king  of 
Sweden  (a.d.  1000),  be  threw  himself 
into  the  sea  and  swam  to  the  Holy  Land, 
became  an  anchorite,  and  fell  asleep  at  a 
greatly  advanced  age;  Imt  he  is  onlr 
waiting  his  opportnni^,  when  be  will 
sever  Norway  from  Sweden,  and  raise  it 
to  a  first-class  power. 

Scottish  Traditk/n,  Thomas  of  Ek- 
CRLDOUNE  sleeps  beneath  the  Eildon 
Hills,  in  Scotland.  One  day,  an  elfin 
lady  led  him  into  a  cavern  in  these  hills, 
and  he  fell  asleep  for  seven  years,  when 
he  revisited  the  upper  earth,  under  a  bond 
that  he  would  return  immediately  the 
elfin  lady  summoned  him.  One  day,  as 
he  was  making  merry  with  his  friendb,  he 
heard  the  summons,  kept  his  word,  and 
has  never  since  been  seen. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Minstrelsg  of  the  Scottish  Border. 

Spanish  Iradition.  Bohadil  kl  Chioo, 
last  of  the  Moorish  kings  of  Granada,  lies 
spell-bound  near  the  Amambra,  but  in  the 
day  appointed  he  will  return  to  earth  and 
restore  the  Moorish  government  in  Spain. 

Swiss  Legend.  Three  of  the  family  of 
Tklx.  sleep  a  semi-death  at  Kfitli,  waiting 
for  the  hour  of  their  country's  need, 
when  they  will  wake  up  and  deliver  it. 

*^*  See  Skven  Slkepers. 

Sleeper  Awakened  {7%e).  Abon 
Ha88an,  the  son  of  a  rich  merdiant  at 
Bagdad,  inherited  a  good  fbrtune ;  but, 
being  a  prudent  man,  made  a  vow  to 
divide  it  into  two  parts :  all  that  came 
to  him  from  rents  he  determined  to  set 
apart,  but  all  that  was  of  the  nature  of 
cash  he  resolved  to  spend  on  pleasure. 
In  the  course  of  a  year  he  ran  throu^ 
this  fund,  and  then  made  a  resolve  in 
future  to  ask  only  one  guest  at  a  time 
to  hb  board.  This  guest  was  to  be  a 
stranger,  and  never  to  be  asked  a  second 
time.  It  so  happened  that  the  caliph 
Haronn-al-Raachid,  dis^ised  as .  a  mer- 
chant, was  on  one  occasion  his  guesl^  and 
heard  Abou  Hassan  sav  that  he  wished 
he  were  caliph  for  one  day,  and  he  wonld 

Eunish  a  certain  imin  for  tittle-tattling. 
laroun-al-Raschid  thouf^  that  ha  couul 
make  capital  of  this  wish  for  a  littla 
diversion:  soj  drugging  the  inerdiant*s 
wine,  he  rell  inte  a  profonnd  sleep,  was 
conveyed  to  the  palace,  and  on  waking 


SLEEPER  AWAKENED. 


m 


SUP. 


tfcftttd  M  the  caliph.  He  ordered 
the  iin&n  to  be  panished,  and  sent  his 
mother  a  handsome  gift;  bat  at  ni^ht, 
another  sleeping  dranght  being  giren 
him,  be  was  carried  btck  to  his  own 
house.  When  he  woke,  he  could  not 
decide  if  he  had  been  in  a  dream  or  not, 
bat  his  conduct  was  so  strange  that  he 
^iras  taken  to  a  mad-house.  He  was  con- 
fined for  several  days,  and,  being  dis- 
charged, the  caliph  in  disguise  i^ain 
visited  him,  and  repeated  the  same  gane, 
so  that  next  day  he  conld  not  tell  which 
had  been  the  dream.  At  lencth  the 
mystery  was  cleared  vp,  and  he  was 
given  a  post  about  the  cali^*s  person, 
and  the  sultana  gave  him  a  beantlfBi 
•lave  for  his  wife.  Aboa  Hassan  now 
played  a  trick  on  the  caliph.  He  pre- 
tended to  be  dead,  and  sent  his  young 
wife  to  the  sultana  to  announce  the  sad 
news.  2^obeida,  the  sultana,  was  very 
much  grieved,  and  gave  her  favourite  a 
SUBS  of  mo|iey  for  the  faneral  expenses. 
Oa  her  return,  she  played  the  dead 
woman,  and  Abou  Hassan  went  to  the 
caliph  to  announce  his  loss.  The  caliph 
expressed   his   sympathy,   and,    having 

g'vea  him  a  sum  of  monev  for  the 
ineral  expenses,  went  to  toe  sultana 
to  speak  of  the  sad  news  of  the  death  of 
the  ]fo«Bg  bride.  '«The  bride?*"  cried 
Zobada;  **you  mean  the  bridegroom, 
commaader  of  the  faithful.''  ^H^o,  I 
mean  the  bride,**  answered  the  caliph, 
*'  for  Aboa  Hassan  has  but  just  left  me.** 
*'  That  cannot  be,  sire,**  retorted  Zobeida, 
*'  far  it  is  not  an  hour  ago  that  the  bride 
was  here,  to  announce  his  death.'*  To 
Mttfe  thia  moot  point,  the  chief  of  the 
aaanchs  was  seat  to  see  which  of  the  two 
was  dead;  and  Aboa,  who  saw  him 
oomiBg,  got  the  bride  to  nretettd  to  be 
dead,  and  set  himself  at  her  head  be^ 
wailing,  so  the  man  returned  with  the 
report  that  it  was  the  bride  who  was  dead, 
and  BOt  the  bride^froom.  Hie  sultana 
would  not  believe  hin,  and  sent  her  aged 
Bane  to  asoertain  the  fiurt.  As  she 
apptoadied,  Aboa  Hassan  pretended  to  be 
dead,  and  the  bride  to  be  the  wailing 
widow;  accordingly  the  norse  contra^ 
dieted  the  report  ot  the  eunuch.  The 
caliph  and  soitsaa,  with  the  nurse  and 
eonwA,  then  all  went  to  see  for  them- 
selves, and  fouad  both  apparently  dead. 
The  caliph  now  said  be  woold  give  1000 
pieces  of  gold  to  know  which  cued  first, 
when  Abou  Haesan  cried,  **  Commander 
of  the  faithful,  it  was  I  who  died  first.'* 
The   trick   was  fbund   out,   the   caliph 


neariy  died  with  huighter,  aad  the  jeit 
proved  a  little  mine  of  wealth  to  the 
court  favoorite. — Arabktn  Nights, 

Sleepers.    (See  Sbven  Slbbpbbs.) 

Sleeping  Beauty  (7%«),  a  lady 
who  Bleeps  ra  a  eastle  a  hundred  years, 
daring  which  time  an  impenetrable  wood 
springs  up  arovad  the  cs«tle ;  but  being 
at    length    disenchanted    by   a    young 

Srince,  she  marries  him.  The  brothers 
rimm  have  reproduced  this  tale  in  Ger- 
man. The  old  Norse  tale  of  Brynhild 
and  Sigurd  seems  to  he  the  original  of 
Tht  Sieepma  Beautjf.^FernuU,  OmUe* 
da  TempM  ('^La  Belle  au  Bois  Dormant»'* 
1607). 

(Tennys<m  has  poetized  this  nimeiy 
story.) 

Bleepner,  the  horse  of  Odin. 

Blaiiiler,  one  of  the  suiters  of  "tweet 
Anne  Page."  His  servant's  name  is 
Simple.  Slender  is  a  country  lout, 
consm  of  jusdce  Shallow. — Shakespeare, 
Merry  Wives  of  Windsor  (1606). 

Sender  k  %  paifcet  wdn  ...  on  the  breUut  roatii  of 
the prorlncae  .  .  .  bcfiffettie tatroductloa  of  newipopera 
•Ml  toniirike  raada;  awkwnrd  aad  boohrbh  among  dvU 
poosle.  hot  at  hooM  In  rude  BUN^  andproadcf  eiylolti 
at  vfakh  the  town  would  lani^— HaUam. 

Sender  and  air  Andrew  AguenAieek  are  foob  tronbfed 
with  an  uneaqr  contckNunes  of  their  folljr,  which  la  the 


Sliok  (Sam),  judge  Thomas  Chandler 
Haliburton  of  Nova  Seotia,  author  of  The 
Oockmakgr  (18S7). 

Sam  Stick,  a  Yankee  clockmaker  and 
pedlar,  wonderfulljr  'cute,  a  neat  ob- 
server, full  of  quaint  ideas,  droll  wit, 
odd  fttncies,  surprising  illustrations,  and 
plenty  of  **soft  sawder."  Judge  Haii- 
Durton  wrote  the  two  series  cafied  Sam 
Slick  or  ths  Ciockmaker  (1837). 

Sliderskew  (Peg),  the  hag-like 
housekeeper  of  Aruiur  Gride,  ^e  robs 
her  master  of  some  deeds,  and  thereby 
brings  on  his  ruin. — C.  Dickens,  Nicholas 
Nic&by  (1838). 

SUgo  (I>r»),  of  Ireland.     He  looks 

with  contempt  on  his  countryman.  Dr. 

Osasaf  ras,  because  he  is  but  a  parvenu, 

OnMrfkaet  llufe  a  naoM  of  no  aote.  He  It  not  • 
Mlletlaa.  I  aai  mm.  The  CaMUr.  I  MppoN.  oame  ever 
the  other  day  with  Strongbow,  not  above  wven  or  eight 
haadred  yean  ae>i— Jotab  Th9  Jiewtl  upom  Tw  Stiekt 

EUingsby  (Jonathan  Freks),  John 
Francis  Waller,  author  of  Tht  SUngsbff 
Papers  (1652),  etc. 

Slip,  the  valet  of  young  Harlowe  (i 


HaRiD  Mid  Mi»  Sta:l(»eli7daiigbt«t  of 
>  wnithy  mfichant),  in  order  la  get 
posteMicin  of  £10,000,  the  vtdding  por- 
tion. Tbc  pUn  vu  this :  Martin  wu  to 
put  biinMlt  off  u  yaong  Hwlove,  ruid 
inBTTj  the  l>dr  or  Kcura  Uic  dot ;  but 
Jcnnj  (HiH  StoekwcU'i  Duud)  intonni 
Belford,  tlie  Iotu  of  Mih  Stockwell, 
4ad  he  amstt  tha  two  knurM  jiut  in 
tima  to  premt  miadiicf. — Gunck,  Sect 
or  SoUiig  (17M). 

BUppara  vbicfa  enabled  tba  fcet  to 
walk,  limtiei  that  cut  of  themwlToa,  and 
labrei  which  daalt  blowi  at  a  wiih,  were 
pmenti  broDcht  to  TaUkck  bv  a  bidoon* 
monster  without  a  name.-~Wl  Beckford, 
Vatiti  (L784). 

Bllppanr  Bam,  a  bishwaymam  in 
captain  Hacheath'a  gang.  FeachDm  aara 
he  ahould  dismin  him,  bacanaa  "the 
villain  hath  the  iiapudenca  to  have  liewa 
of  following  bia  trade  aa  a  tailor,  which 
he  calls  an  hnneit  eniploynMiit"— Gay, 
714*  lhggaJ-$  Opem,  t.  (I7?7). 

Sllpalop  (Mrt.),  a  lady  of  fnil 
morals.— FwldiDg,  Joitp/,  Awtmi  (1742). 

Blo-Fftir,  Chichester,  the  October 
fair,  when  the  beasts  wei«  aold  for 
ilaoKhter,  thM  they  might  be  salted  down 
for  whiter  use.  The  next  month  (Novem- 
ber) was  called  Blot-momath  or  "  Blond- 
month,"  being  the  lime  when  the  beaata 
were  killed.  (Old  English,  sMiii,  Mh, 
"  to  slaiq^hter ; "  bltft,  "blood,  saeiiflce," 
from  bUlan,  >*to  shed  blood.") 

Some  idea  may  be  gathered  of  the 
enonnons  number  of  animals  salted  down 
in  November,  from  the  mere  resldne  left 
in  tha  lanler  of  the  elder  Spenoer,  hi 
May,  1827.  The™  were  "80  salted 
beavaa,  500  bacODS,  and  600  muttfias." 

Slop  (Dr.),  >ir  John  Stoddait,  M.D., 
editor  of  the  Xeic  Timet,  who  entertained 
an  insane  hatred  of  Napoleon  Bonaparte, 
culled  by  him  "The  Corsioan  Fiend." 
William  Hone  devised  the  name  bom 
Stoddart's  book  entitled  Slop'i  Shave  at 
a  Brolieit  Hom  (1820),  and  Thoraaa  Hoore 
helped  to  popuUriie  it  (177S-1866). 

Sop  (Dr.),  a  oholeiic,  cnlhnaiaBtie,  and 
bisolad  phyaician.  He  breaks  down 
Tnstiam'i  nose,  and  erusbei  nncle  Toby'i 
Bngers  to  a  jelly  in  attempting  to  damon- 
■tnte  the  use  and  virtuee  of  a  newly 
iBveoled  pair  of    obstetncal    forceps. — 


I  SLUDGE. 

Sterne,  I^  Li/*  and  OonuM*  0/  TKttniM 
SAandy,  QmUemm  (1769). 

(Under  this  name,  Sleme  ridiculed  Dr. 
Burton,  a  mao-midwife  of  York.) 

Blopard  {Dame),  wife  of  Grimbard 
the  brock  or  badger,  in  the  hi-anli-rpir  of 
Retpiard  Vu  Fox  (1498). 

Bloppy,  a  love-child  bmnght  up  by 
Betty  iTigden,  for  whom  he  tomed  tha 
mangle.  When  Betty  died,  Mr.  BolGa 
ippreoticed  him  to  a  cahioet-maker. 
Uoppy  is  described  aa  "  a  very  long  boy, 
little  bead,  and  aa  open 
capacity  Out 


loath  of  dupropor 
eemed  toaaaiat  tot 


Blon^b  of  I>MpoIld  (2V),  a  deep 
bog,  which  Chriatian  had  to  pass  o<i  bia 
way  to  the  Wicket  Oata.  Neighboar 
Pliable  would  not  attempt  to  paaa  it, 
and  tamed  back.  While  Ckriftiaa  waa 
Boandering  in  the  slan^  Hdp  caoa  la 


help  of  Hr.  asd 
"waa  of  a  tpaic  and  atiaight  shape, 
Inaomadi  that  her  garmemte  appeared  to 
be  in  oonstant  danger  of  alidiag  oil  her 
■houlden.  Her  oomame  waa  remarkable 
for  ita  very  partial  devdopaHsit,  and 
always  afforded  glimpaci  at  tbe  back  nl 
a  pair  of  dead-gnen  stays."  Miss  Tilly 
waa  very  fond  of  bab^,  bnt  had  a  — 
prieing  talent  for  getting  it  '~''~ 
eoltiea,  bringing  ita  heM  ii 
oootact  with  doors,  drcasen,  si 
bedposta,  and  so  on.  Tilly,  who  had 
been  a  foundling,  looked  upon  the  hoase 
of  Peerybingle  the  carrier  as  a  royal 
reaideuce,  and  loved  both  Hr.  and  tin. 
Peerj-binala  with  all  the  iotcoaity  of  an 
nadivided  a2Ktian.~C  Dickeui,  TAt 
Crialitt  «■  Ot  Utartk  (IMb). 


SludgQ  (Can 


mt),  the  landlady  of 


SLUM. 


923 


SMATRASH. 


Snsmas  Holiday   the   schoolmaster  in 
White  Hone  Vale. 

Dickie  Stvdge  or  *<  Flibbertigibbet," 
her  dwarf  ^^randson. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Kenilworih  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Sltun  {Mr,)^  a  patter  poet,  who 
dressed  en  miiitaire.  He  called  on  Mrs. 
Jarley,  exhibitor  of  wax-works,  all  by 
accident.  "What,  Mr.  Slum?"  cried 
the  lady  of  the  wax -work ;  *'  who'd  have 
thought  of  seeing  you  here  ? "  *  *  'Pon  my 
soul  and  honour,"  said  Mr.  Slum, 
**  that*s  a  good  remark !  Ton  my  soul 
and  honour,  that's  a  wise  remark  .  .  . 
Why  I  came  here?  Ton  my  soul  and 
honour,  I  hardly  know  what  I  came 
here  f or  .  .  .  Wnat  a  splendid  classical 
thing  is  this,  Mrs.  Jarley !  Ton  my  soul 
and  honour,  it  is  quite  Minervian!" 
"  IfU  look  well,  I  fancy,"  observed  Mrs. 
Jarley.  <*  Well ! "  said  Mr.  Slum ;  *'  it 
would  be  the  delight  of  my  life,  *pon  my 
sonl  and  honour,  to  exercise  my  Muse  on 
Mch  a  delightful  theme.  By  the  way — 
any  orders,  madam  ?  Is  there  any^ing 
I  can  do  for  yon  ?  "  (ch.  xxviiL). 

**AA  tiM  perftunan."  nU   the  adlltenr  fMUaoMii. 
~   tiM  Wiekhn-Mdwr^  adt  the  hmMn,  Mk  Um  oM 
>flee  kecaen,  aak  any  man  maMng  'tm  wtist 
iM  doB*  for  him,  and  nuvk  ny  wurd.  be  Ucmm 
B«(  AnB.''-C.  MoImu,  !**•  OM  €tar<oti<y  jMfl»r 
(1S«0». 

Slumkay  {Somwel)^  **  blue"  candidate 
for  the  representation  of  the  borough  of 
Eatanswili  in  parliament.  His  opponent 
is  Horatio  Fizkin,  who  represents  the 
«<  buff"  interest.— C.  Dickens,  The  Pick- 
wick Papers  (1886). 

Sly  {Christopher)^  a  keeper  of  bears, 
and  a  tinker.  In  the  induction  of 
Shakespeare's  comedy  called  Taming  of 
the  ShreWf  Christopher  is  found  dead 
drunk  by  a  nobleman,  who  commands 
his  servants  to  take  him  to  his  mansion 
and  attend  on  him  as  a  lord.  Hie  trick 
is  played,  and  the  **  commonty "  of 
Taming  of  the  Shrew  is  performed  for 
the  delectation  of  the  ephemeral  lord. 

A  similar  trick  was  played  by  Haroun- 
al-Raschid  on  a  rich  merchant  named 
Abou  Hassan  (see  Arabian  Nights,  **  The 
Sleeper  Awakened  ").  Also  by  Philippe 
ie  £on  of  Burgundy,  on  his  marriage 
with  Eleanora  (see  Iturton,  Anatomy  of 
Melancholy,  u.  2,  4,  1624). 

Slyine  {Chevy),  one  of  old  Martin 
Chnzzle wit's  numerous  relations.  He  is 
a  drunken,  good-for-^iothing  vagabond, 
but  his  friend  Montague  Tigg  considers 
him  **an  unappreciated  ^nius."  His 
chief  peculiarity  opii^ists  u^  his  always 


being  **  round  the  comer." — G.  IHekeniy 
Martin  Chuzzlewit  (1844). 

SmaU  {Oilbert),  the  pinmaker,  a 
hardworking  old  mso,  who  loves  his  son 
most  deariy. 

Thomas  Small,  the  son  of  (filbert,  a 
would-be  man  of  fashion  and  maccaroni. 
Very  conceited  of  his  fine  person,  he 
thinks  himself  the  very  glass  of  fashion. 
Thomas  Small  resolves  to  make  a  fortune 
by  marriage,  and  allies  hinuelf  to  Kate, 
who  turns  out  to  be  the  daud|iter  of  Strap 
the  cobbler.—^.  Knowles,  The  Beggar  of 
Bethnal  Green  (1834). 

Small  Beer  (7b  .  .  *  Ckromiele). 
'*To  suckle  fools,  and  chronicle  small 
beer "  (lago).  —  Shakespeare,  (Hkelhf 
act  ii.  sc  1  (1611). 


Small  Beer  Poet  {The),  W. 
Thomas  Fitzgerald.  He  is  now  known 
only  for  one  line,  quoted  in  the  Be^ected 
Addresses :  "  The  tree  of  freedom  is  the 
British  oak."  Cobbett  gave  him  the 
sobriquet  (1759-1829). 

Small-Biidiana,  a  "religious  sect" 
in  Lilliput,  who  made  it  an  article  of  or- 
thodoxy to  break  their  eggs  at  the  small 
end.  By  the  Smali-endiMis  is  meant  the 
protestant  party ;  the  Roman  Catholics 
are  called  the  *  Big-endians,  from  their 
making  it  a  sine  qvd  non  for  all  true 
Churchmen  to  break  their  eggs  at  the  big 
end.— Swift,  Chtlliver*s  Trawls  ("Voyage 
to  Lilliput,"  1726). 

SmaUweed  Family  {The),  a 
grasping,  ill-conditioned  lot,  oonsisting 
of  grandfather,  grandmother,  and  the 
twins  Bartholomew  and  Judy.  The 
grandfather  indulges  in  vituperative  ex- 
clamations against  his  aged  wife,  with  or 
without  provocation,  and  flings  at  her 
an3rthing  he  can  lay  his  hand  on.  He 
becomes,  however,  so  dilapidated  at  last 
that  he  has  to  be  shaken  up  by  his 
amiable  granddaughter  Judy  in  order  to 
be  aroused  to  consciousness. 

Bart,,  i.e.  Bartholomew  SmaUweed, 
a  youth  who  moulds  himself  on  the 
model  of  Mr.  Guppy,  the  lawyer's  clerk 
in  the  office  oi  Kenge  and  Carboy. 
He  prides  himself  on  being  "a  limb 
of  the  law,"  though  under  15  years  of 
age  ;  indeed,  it  is  reported  of  him  that  his 
first  long  clothes  were  made  out  of  a 
lawyer's  blue  bag. — C.  Dickens,  Bleak 
Bouse  (1852). 

Smatrash  {Eppie),  the  ale-woman 
at  Wolfs  Hope  vilUge.— Sir  W.  Scott, 


BMAUKfiB. 


9M 


^CITH. 


Bride  of  Lammmnoor   (time,  WiUiam 
III.). 

Snuaiifcer  (/•An),  footmav  of  Angelo 
Gyrus  Bantam.  He  inviteft  Sam  Weller 
to  a  "swarry"  of  "biled  mmtton."— C. 
DickenB,  The  Fickwiok  Papers  (1836). 

Smeotym'nuus,  the  title  of  a 
celebrated  pamphlet  coataiain^  ao  aMack 
upon  episcopacy  (1641).  The  title  is 
compost  of  the  initial  letters  of  the  five 
writers,  8M  (Stephen  llarshall),  BC 
(Edmund  Calamy),  TY  (Thomas  i  oung), 
J£N  (Matthew  Newcomen),  IJuB 
(William  Spurstow).  Sometimes  one  U 
is  omitted.  Butler  says  the  basiaen  of 
syAods  is: 

lb  ind.  la  llMt  o(  kMTd  ana  ftm^ 

TIm  phjrilogDoicjr  of  "Gran ; " 

Aiid  Inr  the  mniimI  and  twang  of  nam, 

If  all  M  Mund  trlthin  dIadoM  .  .  . 

TlM  baodkerchlaf  about  tha  nock 

(Oauonkal  ciaval  of  Smock. 

Frooi  whom  the  institution  cama 

When  Ohareh  and  Stala  they  Mk  mk  iaaM  .  . .) 

Judga  rightly  if  "  roKanoration" 

Be  of  tho  newest  eut  in  faehion. 

MuMbnm,  L  8  a«SV 

SmelAingUB.  Smollett  was  so  called 
bv  Sterne,  because  his  volume  of  Dravels 
through  France  and  Italjf  is  one  per- 
petual snarl  from  beginning  to  end. 

The  lammted  BamXkattm  tnTelM  fkom  Bonlogna  to 
Parte,  froa  Parte  to  Rome,  and  an  on ;  hut  ha  eet  oat 
with  the  qtleen  and  Jaundice,  and  every  ol^aet  he  paned 
by  wat  diaceloured  or  dIMorted.  He  wrote  an  aocovDt  of 
them,  but  'twat  notbias  but  the  aoronnt  of  hte  own 
miserable  feeUnflk— Sterne,  Smtimmtal  yotinuy  (1746). 

Smell  a  Voioe.  When  a  vouiig 
prince  had  cUndestinely  visited  the 
young  princess  brought  up  in  the  palace 
of  the  Flower  Mountain,  the  fairy  mother 
Tiolenta  said,  "I  smell  the  voice  of  a 
man,**  and  commanded  the  dragon  on 
whidi  she  rode  to  make  search  for  the 
intruder.  —  Comtesse  D'Aunoy,  jRwry 
Ibles  ('*  The  White  Cat,"  1682). 

Bottom  says,  in  the  part  of  **P3rra- 
mas : " 


I  see  a  miee,  now  wUl  I  to  the  ohlak. 
To  4>y  an  I  can  hear  my  Thkbe's  fMO. 
I,  JHdSMmier  Ntghtt  DrmawK 
BC  1(1009). 


T. 


Smike  (1  syl*)^  a  poor,  half-starved, 
half-witted  boy,  the  son  of  Ralph 
Nickleby.  As  tiie  marriage  was  clandes- 
tine, the  child  was  put  out  to  nurse,  and 
neither  its  father  nor  mother  evw  went  to 
see  it.  When  about  seven  years  old,  the 
child  was  stolen  by  one  Brooker,  out  of 
revenge,  and  put  to  school  at  Dotheboys 
IlallTiorksbire.  Brooker  paid  the  school 
fees  for  six  years,  and  being  then  trans- 
ported, the  payment  ceased,  and  the  boy 
was  made  a  sort  of  drudge.  Nicholas 
Nickleby  took  pity  en  him,  and  when  he 


left,  Smike  ia»  away  to  fcm  hb  frieod, 
who  took  care  of  the  poor  half-wittod 
creature  till  he  died  (see  pp.  694-6, 
original  edit). — C.  Dickens,  Hficholaa 
Nickleby  (1888). 

Smiler,  a  sheriff's  officer,  in  A  Beguiar 
Fut,  by  J.  M.  Morton. 

RTrtlll-nHa^  a  lovelom  maiden,  to 
whom  Sharper  was  untrue.  Pope,  in  his 
eclogue  called  The  Basset  TabU  (1715), 
makes  Cordelia  and  Smilinda  contend  on 
this  knotty  point,  '*Who  suffers  most, 
she  who  loses  at  basset,  or  she  idio  loses 
her  lover  ?  "  They  refer  the  question  to 
Betty  Lovet.  Cordelia  stakes  ner  '*  lady's 
companion,  made  by  Mathers,  and  worth 
fifty  guineas,**  on  the  point-;  and  Smilinda 
stakes  a  snnff-box,  won  at  Corticelli*s  in 
a  raffle,  as  her  pledge.  When  Cordelia 
has  stated  tho  iron  agony  of  loss  at  cards, 
and  Smilinda  tiie  crushing  grief  of  losin*; 
a  sweetheart,  "streng  as  a  footman  and 
as  his  master  sweet,*  Lovet  awards  the 
)ady*s  companion  to  Smilinda*  and  the 
snuff-box  to  Cordelia,  and  bids  both  give 
over,  "for  she  wants  her  tea.**  Of 
course,  this  was  suggested  by  Yiigirs 
Eclogtie^  ill. 

Smith.  In  the  Leiswne  Moitr  we  read  : 
"  During  a  period  of  seventeen  years 
(from  1838  to  1864,  both  inclusive),  the 
births,  deaths,  and  marriages  of  the 
Smiths  registered  amonnted  to  286,0317, 
and  it  is  calculated  that  the  families  of 
Smith  in  England  are  not  less  tim 
63,000." 

\*  This  must  be  a  very  great  mis- 
calculation. 286,087,  in  seventeen  years, 
gives  rather  more  than  16,825  a  year,  or 
a  marriage,  death,  or  birth  to  everr 
three  families  per  annum  (neariy).  If 
the  registration  is  correct,  the  number  of 
families  must  be  ten  times  the  number 
stated. 

Smith  {Henry),  alias  "Henry  Gow,** 
alias  "Gow  Chrom,**  aliat  "fial  of  the 
Wynd,**  the  armoorer,  and  lover  of 
Catharine  Glover,  whom  at  the  end  he 
marries.— Sir  W.  Scot^  Fmr  Maid  of 
Perth  (Ume,  Henry  IV.). 

Smith  (Mr,),  a  faithful  confidential 
clerk  in  the  bank  of  Domton  and  Sulky. 
— Helcroft,  The  Boad  to  Buin  (1792). 

Smith  {Bainy-Day),  John  Thomas 
Smith,  antiquary  (1766-1833). 

Smith  (  Waykmd),  an  invisible  farrier, 
who  haunted  the  "  Yale  of  White  Horse,** 
in    Berkshire,  where   three   fiat   stonea 


SMITH'S  FBOJBMAN. 


supporting  ^  ^  fooitii  comntmonite  th« 
flmct  of  nil  gtithy.  His  fee  was  six- 
pence, and  he  was  offended  if  more  wece 
offered  him. 

Sir  W.  Scott  has  introduced  him  in 
KenUwcrth  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Gbnith's  Fiixemaii,  one  who  has 
obtained  the  prize  (£25)  founded  in  the 
University  of  Cambridge  by  Robert 
Smith,  D.D.,  once  Master  of  Trinity. 
Two  imzes  are  awarded  annually  to  two 
commencing  bachelors  of  arts  for  pro- 
ficiency in  mathematics  and  natural 
philosoi^y. 

ghnn#^nH«i^  a  pOUC  Spirit. 


I 


SmoUfltt  oi  the  Stage  (7^), 
QMTge  Faiqfidiar  (ie7»-17a7). 

Smotherwell  {8iephen\  the  exe- 
eotioner.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Faxr  Maid  <^ 
Perth  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

Smyr'nean  Poet  ( The)^  Mimnermoe , 
bom  at  Smyrna  (fl.  b.c.  680). 

SnacVe^  the  hard,  grindini^  steward 
of  lord  Lackwit,  who  by  grasping  tot 
tegether  £26,000.  When  lord  Lackwit 
died,  and  the  property  came  to  Robin 
Boogfahead,  he  toadied  him  with  the 
CTCsIest  senrility,  but  Robin  dismissed 
aim  and  gave  the  post  to  Frank. — Ailing^ 
ham,  fbrttme's  Frolio, 


a  village  portrait-taker  and 
tooth-drawer.  Hesays,'*  I  draws  off  heads 
and  draws  out  teeth,"  or  ^l  takes  off 
heads  and  takes  out  teeth.**  Major 
Touchwood,  having  dressed  himself  up 
to  look  like  his  uncle  the  colonel,  pre- 
tends to  have  the  tooth-ache.  Snaggs, 
being  sent  for,  prepares  to  operate  on 
the  oelonel,  and  the  colonel  in  a  towering 
-rage  sends  him  to  the  right  about. — ^T. 
Dibdin,  What  Next  1 

Snags'by  (ifr.),  the  law-stationer  in 
Cook*s  Court,  Cursitor  Street.  A  very 
BuM  specimen  of  the  ^*  spear  half,**  in 
terriUe  awe  of  his  termagant  wife,  whom 
he  calls  euphemistically  **his  little 
woman."  He  preceded  most  of  his 
remarks  by  the  words,  **  Not  to  put  too 
line  a  point  upon  it."-^  Dickens,  Bleak 
Haute  (18o2). 

flhui^l,  the  collector  of  customs,  near 
EUangowan  House. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Guy 
Mcumermg  (time,  George  II.). 

Snailflfoot   {Brjfce),  the  jagger  or 


pedkr.—Sir  W.  Scott,  ne  Pitate  (time, 
William  III.). 

Snake  (,Mr,)^  a  traitorous  ally  of 
lady  Sneerwell,  who  has  the  effrontery 
to  say  to  her,  "  You  paid  me  extremely 
liberally  for  propagating  the  Ue,  but 
upf  ortunately  I  have  been  offered  double 
to  speak  the  truth."    lie  aays : 

Ah.  iir,  coiuld«r.  I  five  bjr  Uie  boMneii  of  my 
ohanctar ;  and  IT  It  war*  onee  fatomn  Umt  1  have  been 
tetniy«d  Into  an  hwmt  aetton.  1  akaU  Iom  mmrj  Mtod  I 
haw  In  the  worU.— Shaiidaa.  BdtoU  fvr  SmutdiU,  r, 
•  0777). 

Snap*  the  representation  of  a  dragon 
which  K>r  many  years  was  carried  ahoul 
the  city  of  Konrich  en  Guild  day  in 
grand  procession  with  fli^  and  banners, 
bands  of  music,  and  whinkrs  with  swords 
to  clear  the  way,  all  in  fancy  costume. 
Snap  was  of  great  length,  a  man  was  in 
the  middle  of  the  beast  to  carry  it,  and 
caused  its  head  to  turn  and  jaws  to  open 
an  amasing  width,  that  half-pence  might 
be  tossed  into  it  and  caught  in  a  bag. 
The  fnooeseion  was  stopped  in  the  year 
1824,  when  Snap  was  laid  up  in'  St» 
Andrew*8  Hall. 

At  Metz  a  similar  procession  used  to 
take  place  annually  on  St.  Mark's  Day, 
the  French  Snap  bemg  caUed  *'  St.  Cle- 
ment's dragon.** 


(t  syl,)^    sheriff's 
•e,2Bei 


Shakespeare,  2  Henry  IV.  (1608). 

Snawley,  "in  the  oil  and  colour 
line.*'  A  '*  sleek,  flat-nosed  man,  bearing 
in  his  countenance  an  expression  ra 
mortification  and  sanctity.**— C.  Dickensi 
Nicholat  NickUhy,  ui.  (1888). 

Sneak  {Jerry)y  a  hen-pecked  pin* 
maker ;  a  paltry,  pitiful,  prying  sneak. 
If  ever  he  summoned  up  a  little  msnlineas, 
his  wife  would  begin  to  cry,  and  Jeny 

was  instantly  softened. 

MaitcrSnaak. UManolmt  eorporafUoB  o(  Oanatt. 

bi eoMhtoimtlon  of  youricraat yarti  andabaHka.aiidoot 
of  vnnMt  M  Ihdr  haidlor*  ik  tmuh,  hm%  iMalwwMly 
cboian  yoa  mairor.-nAct  IL 

Jony  Snaak  hai  bMocaa  tha  tjrp*  of  hM^a^ad  hw> 
baadi.— ftn^pK  Bmr,  4ft  (187^. 

Mrs,  Sneaky  wife  of  Jerry,  %  do- 
mineering tartar  of  a  woman,  wno  keeps 
her  lord  and  master  well  under  her 
thumb.  She  is  the  ds««^ter  of  sir  Jacob 
JoUup.— S.  Foote,  The  Mayor  ^f  Garratt 
(17G3). 

Jerry  Sneak  RuaaeU,  So  Samuel 
Russell  the  actor  was  called,  because  of 
his  inimitable  representation  of  **itny 
Sneak,"  which  was  quite  a  hit  (176G- 
1846). 


SNEBB. 


9W 


SNOUT. 


BaB9Stf »  dottble-iiMsed  critic,  who  carps 
At  authors  behind  their  backs,  bat  f^wns 
Ml  them  when  they  are  present  (see  act 
L  1).— Sheridan,  The  Critic  (1779). 

Sneerwell  (Lady),  the  widow  of  a 
aty  knight.  Mr.  Snake  says,  "Every 
one  allows  that  lady  Sneerwell  can  do 
more  with  a  word  or  a  look  than  many 
can  with  the  most  laboured  detail,  even 
when  they^  happen  to  have  a  little  truth 
on  their  side  to  support  it.** 

Wounded  mjrMlf,  In  tb*  Mrijr  part  of  mr  life,  bf  tfao 
•nTcnonod  tonsno  of  ilnndar,  I  eonlcM  I  have  linoe 
known  no  plcMnre  aqoel  to  ttie  redudnf  of  othen  to  the 
lerel  ct  my  own  repntatkwi.  awridan,  SMoel  for  Smm- 
4al.  L  1(1777). 


4^  /WAyLXoentlate.  be«i 

tker  granted  her.  aa  she  now 

klDidMraalenno  bnicer."  A  bum 
ofUMplarwMlhitMMd 


Mia  FWvm  took  kwe  «r  tha  ata^a  in  1797. 

eondndingwofdawera:  **  Lai  ma  lamaac  Mr  Sneerwell. 
that  yoo  wfll  make  mf  reipeeta  to  the  Mandalooa  colkfa 
of  whkh  jron  aie  a  maniber.  and  tnform  them  that  Indy 
Teaale  [ototrf  to  te 
leave  to  ratorn  the  dl| 
leavea  offpraetlee.  mm 
ct  applaaaa  fallowed,  and 
ta— iffs.  C  MaUiewa. 

Sneese  into  a  Sack  (lb),  to  be 
guillotined. 

WboUMdUOaBMlnawkwkedthroMlh  Uke  Itttlawln. 
dow  and  sneeaed  into  the  nek.— C.  Oidwna,  A  Tat0  ^ 
rvoeiM«,tU.4(18M|. 

Sneesizijg.  A  person  who  sneezed 
was  at  one  time  supposed  to  be  under  the 
influence  of  fairies  and  demons,  and  as 
the  name  of  God  repelled  all  evil  spirits, 
the  benediction  of  '^God  bless  you!" 
drove  away  the  demon,  and  counteracted 
its  influence. 

Judge  Haliburton  has  a  good  paper 
**0n  Sneezing,"  in  Temple  Bar,  846 
(1876). 

Bui.  I  have  often.  Dr.  Skeleton,  had  it  in  mjr  head  to 
aakeomeof  thefaeultjr.whatcan  betbereaaon  thatwbea 
•  man  happens  to  inewB.  all  the  ooaqnuiy  bowa. 

AM.  Bnaealns.  Dr.  finlniddety,  waa  a  mortal  ^mptom 
th*t  attended  a  peetilenttal  diaaam  whkh  (brmerlj  de> 
populated  the  repiibHc  of  Athena ;  ever  sinea.  when  Uiat 
oonvuUoa  oeotn,  a  diort  ejaculation  ia  offered  up  that  the 
ftneeting  or  ■tamoting  party  no/  not  be  aliltcten  with  the 
■una  dlrtemper. 

BtU.  Upon  WD^  oouadanoe.  •  very  learned  aeeount  I  Ay. 
and  a  very  dvil  inatitntlon  too  I  — Bkkacatnff  and  Fooca, 
Ihr  Lot  in  BU  Okaria*  (170B). 

Snevelliool  (ifr.),  in  Crummle*8 
company  of  actors.  Mr.  Snevellicci 
plays  the  military  swell,  and  is  great  in 
the  character  of  speechless  noblemen. 

Mrs.  Snevellicci,  wife  of  the  above,  a 
duicer  in  the  same  theatrical  company. 

JtftM  Snevellicci,  daughter  of  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Snevellicci,  also  of  the  Portsmouth 
Theatre.  '*  She  could  do  anything,  from 
a  medley  dance  to  lady  Macbeth.'^  Miss 
Snevellicci  laid  her  toils  to  catch  Nicholas 
Nickleby,  but  "the  bird  escaped  from 
the  nets  of  the  toiler." — G.  Dickens, 
Nioliolaa  Nichithy  (1888). 

Snitohey  and  Craggs,  lawyers. 


It  was  the  opinion  of  Mr.  Thomas  Cnggs 
that  "ever^rthing  is  too  easy,**  espectiufy' 
law ;  that  it  is  the  duty  of  wise  men  to 
make  everything  as  difficult  as  possible, 
and  as  hard  to  go  as  rusty  locks  and 
hinges  which  wiu  not  turn  for  want  of 
greasing.  He  was  a  cold,  hard,  dry  nuui, 
dressed  in  grey-and-white  like  a  flint, 
with  small  twinkles  in  his  eyes.  Jona- 
than Snitchey  was  like  a  magpie  or 
raven.  He  generally  finished  by  ea^^g, 
"  I  ^peak  for  Self  and  Craggs,**  and,  after 
the  death  of  his  partner/^* for  Self  and 
Craggs  deceased.** 

J^s,  Snitchey  and  Mrs,  Cragas,  wives 
of  the  two  lawyers.  Mrs.  Snitcney  was, 
on  principle,  suspicious  of  Bfr.  Craggs ; 
and  Mrs.  Cnggs  was,  on  principle,  ans- 
pidons  of  Mr.  Snitchey.  Mrs.  Cnggs 
would  say  to  her  lord  and  master : 

Tour  Snitebcn  Indeadi  I  doat  aee  what  yu"  ««nt 
with  yotvSniidMgn.  far  my  part.  Ton  traat  a  punt  deal 
toomndktoyouranltebeya.  I  think,  andlhofw  ywimar 
'SndB^wvrdK 


Mrs.  Snitchey  would  observe  to  Mr. 
Snitchey : 


Snlteher.  If  ever  you  watu  led  aiway  by 
word  for  ft,  you  are  led  away  1^  Cnggi;  and  If  ever  I 
read  a  douUa  purpoae  In  mortal  uy«.  I  can  tmid  IK  be 
Cnfgti  999.^0.  Dkkma,  Tk0  StMh^  Mf*,fL  {;ami 

Snodgrass  (Augustus),  M.P.C,  a 
poetical  young  man,  who  tiavela  about 
with  Mr.  Pickwick,  **  to  inquire  into  the 
source  of  the  Hampstead  ponds.**  Ha 
marries  Emily  Wardle. — C.  T 
The  Pickwick  Papers  (1886). 

Snoring  (Great).  "  Rector  <tf  Gieat 
Snoring,**  a  dull,  prosy  preach^. 

Snorro  Sturleson,  last  of  the  great 
Icelandic  scalds  or  court  poets.  He  waa 
author  of  the  Taunqer  Edda,  in  proee, 
and  of  the  Heimsknngla,  a  chronicle  in 
verse  of  the  history  of  Norway  from  ^e 
earliest  times  to  the  year  1177.  The 
Younger  Edda  is  an  abridgment  of  the 
Hhyinmical  Edda  (see  SiBMUND  Sigfus- 
BON).  The  Heimskringla  appeared  in 
1280,  and  the  Younger  Edda  is  often 
called  the  Snorro  Edda,  Snorro  Sturieson 
incurred  the  displeasure  of  Hakon  king 
of  Norway,  who  employed  assassins  to 
murder  him  (1178-1241). 

*«*  The  neim^ringla  was  translated 
into  English  by  oamuel  Laing  in  1844. 

Snout  (Tom),  the  tinker,  who  takes 
part  in  the  "  tragedy  **  of  Pyrdmus  and 
Thisbe,  played  before  the  duke  and 
duchess  of  Athens  "on  their  wedding 
day  at  night.*'  Next  to  Peter  Quince 
and  Nick  Bottom  the  weaver,  Snout  waa 
by  far  the  most  self-important  man  o£ 


SNOW  KING. 


927 


SOFRONIA. 


tke  troupe.  He  wm  cast  for  Pynunus^B 
fktfaer,  but  has  nothing  to  say,  and  does 
not  eren  put  in  an  appearance  during  the 
^y. — Shakespeare,  Midsttmmer  Nighfs 
Jhiaoi  (1592). 

Snow  King  {The),  Gostavns  Adol- 
phas  of  Sweden,  kinff  of  Sweden,  killed 
in  the  Thirty  Tears'  War,  at  the  battle  of 
Lotzen.  The  cabinet  of  Vienna  said,  in 
derision  of  him,  "The  Snow  King  is 
come,  bot  he  can  live  only  in  the  north, 
and  will  melt  away  as  soon  as  he  feels 
the  sun"  (1594,  1611-1632). 

At  Vkniia  ha  WM  caDed.  In  dflcWoo.  •' The  Sdow  King." 
kapt  tofetlMr  \if  the  oold.  bat  would  meH  mm! 
m  b»  aaproMfaad  swaniMr  sQa— Dr.  Criehtoa. 
("GiMtaviM  Adolphua,'*  U.  ei). 


Bmw  King    {The)^   Frederick    elector 
palatine,  made  king  of  Bohemia  by  tiie 

Srotestants  in  the  autumn  of  1619,  but 
ef eated  and  set  aside  in  the  following 
aatnmn* 

Ibe  winter  Unc  Mng  la  ttmee  of  ftoet.  a  mow  king, 
r  aalnble  In  the  iprtnff.  ie  tiie  name  whieh 
:  oMilM  IB  Qamaa  1iMorlai.-Cvbte. 


Baow    Kingdom   {The)^  Inistore, 
the  Orkney  Islands. 

Letnereaelor  the  Idnviom  of  now  [JViprmiirl  boond 

of  lBbtunu-4Man. /tnfa/.  L 


Snow  Queen  {The),  CSuistiana 
queen  of  Sweden  (1626,  163^1689). 

The  princess  Elizabeth  of  ^gland, 
who  married  Frederick  V.  elector  pala- 
tine, in  1613,  and  induced  him  to  accept 
the  crown  of  Ikriiemia  in  1619.  She  was 
frowned  with  her  husband  October  25, 
1619,  but  fled  in  November,  1620,  and  was 
put  under  the  ban  of  the  empire  in  1621. 
Elizabeth  was  queen  of  Bohemia  during 
the  time  of  snow,  but  was  melted  by  the 
heat  of  the  ensuing  summer. 

Sno'wdonia  {The  king  of),  Moel-v- 
Wyddfa  (**  the  conspicuous  peak  "),  the 
highest  peak  in  Snowdonia,  being  3571 
feet  aboye  the  sea-level. 

• 

Snubbin  {Serjeant),  retained  by  Mr. 
Pefker  for  the  defence  in  the  famous 
case  of  "BaideU  v.  Pickwick."  His 
cleric  was  named  Mallard,  and  his  junior 
Phanky,  **  aninfant  barrister,*'  very  much 
looked  down  upon  by  his  senior. — C. 
Dickens,  The  Pickwiok  Papers  (1886). 

Snnffixn  {Bur  Tumiey),  the  doctor  who 
attends  Mrs.  Wititterly.-O.  Dickens, 
Nicholas  NkklAy  (1838). 

Snuffle  {Shnon),  the  sexton  of  Gar- 
latt,  and  one  of  the  corporation.  He  was 
called  a  "  scollard,  for  he  could  read  a 
written  hand." — S.  Foote,  Mayor  of  Gar^ 
raii,  iL  1  (1768). 


Snug,  the  joiner,  who  takes  part  in  tha 
"lamentable  comedy"  of  Pyramus  and 
Thisbe,  played  before  the  duke  and  duchess 
of  Atiiens  **on  their  wedding  day  at 
night."  His  rdle  was  the  "  Uon's  part." 
He  asked  the  manager  (Peter  Quince)  if 
he  had  the  "lion's  part  written  out,  for," 
said  he,  "  I  am  slow  of  memory ; "  but  being 
told  he  conla  do  it  extempore,  "for  it 
was  nothing  but  roaring,"  he  consented  to 
undertake  it. — Shakespeare,  A  Midaummer 
Nighi's  Dream  (1592). 

Soane  Museum  {The),  the  museum 
collected  by  sir  John  Soane,  architect,  and 
preserved  on  its  original  site,  No.  13,  Lin- 
coln's Inn  Fields,  the  private  residence  of 
the  founder  (1753-1837). 

Sobri'no,  one  of  the  most  valiant  of 
the  Ssiacen  army,  and  called  "  The  Sage." 
He  counselled  j^gr&mant  to  entrust  the 
fate  of  the  war  to  a  single  combat,  stipu- 
lating that  the  nation  whose  chatn|non  was 
worsted  should  be  tributa^  to  the  other. 
RogSro  was  chosen  for  the  j^a^fan  cham- 
pion, and  Rinaldo  for  the  Christian  army ; 
but  when  Bosero  was  overthrown,  Agm- 
mant  broke  Uie  compact.  Sobrino  was 
greatly  displeased,  and  soon  afterwards 
received  the  rite  of  Christian  baptism. — 
Ariosto,  Orlando  Fwrioso  {\b\9). 

Who  nore  pradeni  Uuui  Sobrino t-Oeiianla^  Don 
gutooMUSOB). 

Soo'ratds  {The  English),  Dr.  Johnson 
is  so  called  by  BosweU  (1709-1784). 

Mr.  Boirtb'i  amiable  manner*  and  atlaebment  to  oar 
Sooritte  at  once  united  um  Io  hiau—W  V  Jtkmmm 

Sodom  of  India,  Hy'derabad.  So 
called  firom  Uie  beau^  of  the  eonatry  and 
the  depravity  of  the  mhabitants. 

Sodor  and  Man.  Sodor  is  a  con- 
traction of  Sodorensis.  The  sudor-eysor 
sodor-eysmeaas  "the  southern  isles."  The 
bishop  of  Sodor  and  Man  is  bishop  of 
Man  and  the  southern  isles. 

Sof^nia,  a  yonng  Christian  of  Jeru- 
salem, the  heroine  of  an  episode  in  Tasso's 
Jerusalem  Delioered  (1575).  The  tale  is 
this  :  Aladine  king  of  Jerusalem  stole 
from  a  Christian  church  an  image  of  the 
Virgin,  being  told  b]^  a  magician  that  it 
was  a  palladium,  and,  if  set  up  in  a  mosque^ 
the  Virgin  would  forsake  the  Christian 
army,  and  favour  the  Mohammedan.  The 
image  was  accordingly  set  up  in  a  mosque, 
but  during  the  night  was  carried  off  br 
some  one.  Ala&e,  greatly  enraged, 
ordered  the  instant  execution  of  all  his 
Christian   subjects,  but,  to  prevent  this 


SOFTEB  AIUMS,  ETC. 


SOLIMAN  THB  MAONIFICENT. 


■imsMiOit,  SofronU  Moused  herself  of  the 
offeDoe.  Her  lorer  Olindo,  heariDg  that 
Sof  rooia  was  sentenced  to  death,  presented 
himself  before  the  king,  and  said  that  he 
and  not  Sofronia  was  iht  real  ofTender; 
whereupon  the  king  ordered  both  to  instant 
execution  ;  but  Clorinda  the  Amftson, 
pleading  for  them,  obtained  their  pardon, 
and  Sommia  left  the  stake  &»  join  Olindu 
at  the  altar  of  matrimony. — Bk.  ii. 

This  episode  may  have  been  soggeeted 
b^  a  well-known  incident  in  aoolesiastioal 
history.  At  Merum,  a  citv  of  FhrypM, 
Amachius  the  governor  of  the  province 
ordered  the  temple  to  be  opened,  and  the 
idols  to  be  cleansed.  Three  Christians, 
inflamed  with  Christian  zeal,  went  by 
night  and  broke  all  the  images.  The 
governor,  unable  to  discover  the  culprits, 
oooMnanaed  all  the  Christians  of  liemm 
to  b^  put  to  death :  but  the  three  who 
had  bcmi  guilty  of  toe  act  eonfessed  their 
offence,  and  were  executed. — Sociat^ 
Eodwiattioal  HMory^  iU.  16  (a.d.  438). 
(See  SoPHBoniA.) 

Softer  Adams  of  your  Academe, 
schoolgirls. — ^Tenn3rson,  The  PrmoesSj  ii. 

Soham,  a  monster  with  the  head  of  a 
horse,  four  eyes,  and  the  body  of  a  fiery 
dragon.    (See  Ouranabad.) 

Soke  (Loudon).  The  tradition  is  tibat 
this  square  was  so  called  from  ttie  watch* 
word  of  the  duke  of  Monmouth  at  the 
battle  of  Sedgemoer,  in  1695.  The  re- 
verse of  this  may  possibly  be  true,  vis., 
thai  the  duke  selected  the  watchword 
from  the  name  of  the  locality  in  which 
he  lived  ;  but  Uie  name  of  the  place  cer- 
tainly existed  in  1682,  if  not  earlier* 

Soi-mdme.  8t,  Soi-mhne^  the  ^na- 
tural man,'*  in  opposition  to  the  **  spiritual 
man."  In  almosit  all  religious  acts  and 
feelings,  a  thread  of  self  may  be  detected, 
and  many  things  are  done  ostensibly  for 
God,  but  in  reiUity  for  St.  Soi-mSme. 

Ttacnrattanded  Um  cliuroh  Mrrke  ootnlkMntiicrwItlKMt 
Mfwd  to  SC  B>l  m%m:—At0H$m  Okrimi,  & 

Soldan  (The),  Philip  II.  of  Spain, 
whose  wife  was  Adicia  (or  papal  bigotry). 
Prince  Arthur  sent  the  soldan  a  ohiulaige 
for  wrongs  done  to  Samient,  a  female  am- 
bassador {dkputieg  of  the  Hatee  of  Holland), 
On  receiving  this  challenge,  the  soldan 
**  swore  and  oanned  most  blasphemously," 
and  mounting  "his  chariot  hi^"  {the 
high  $hipe  of  the  Armada)^  drawn  by 
horses  fed  oo  earrkm  {the  JmqmeUore), 
went  forth  to  meet  the  prince,  whom  he 
expected  to  tear  to  pieces  with  his  chariot 
so3rtheS)  or  tramplt   down  beneath   his 


horses'  hoofs.  Not  heiDg  able  to  gti  as 
the  soldan  from  the  gieat  heisfal  of  the 
diariot,  the  prince  uncovered  nis  shield, 
and  held  it  up  to  view.  Instantly  the 
soldan's  hones  were  so  terrified  that  they 
fled,  regardless  of  the  whip  and  reins, 
overthrew  the  chariot,  and  left  the  sol- 
dan on  the  ground,  *'  torn  to  rags,  amongst 
his  own  iron  hooks  and  grapples  keen.** 
—Spenser,  Fairy  Queen,  y.  8  (1596). 

*^*  The  overthrow  of  the  soldan  by 
supernatural  means,  and  not  by  combat, 
refers  to  the  destruction  of  the  Armada 
by  tempest,  according  to  the  legend  of  the 
medals,  Flavit  Jehovah,  et  disetpaU  ewU 
(«*  He  blew  with  His  Mast,  andUicy  wen 
scattered**). 

Soldier'a  Daughter  {The),  a 
comedy  by  A.  Cheny  (1804Ju  Ifn, 
Cheerly,ttie  daughter  of  colonel  Woodley, 
after  a  marriage  of  three  years,  is  left  u 
widow,  young,  rich,  gay,  and  en^iging. 
She  comes  to  London,  and  Frank  Heart- 
all,  a  generous  minded  young  BtefehaBt, 
sees  htf  at  the  opera,  fkUs  in  Wve  with 
her,  and  follows  her  to  her  lodging.  Hem 
he  meets  with  Uie  Half ort  fanuly,  reduced 
to  abject  poverty  by  speeutsrioa,  and  re- 
lieves them.  Ferret,  tha  vilkie  e<  tbe 
piece,  spreads  a  repart  thai  Frank  gava 
tha  mone^  as  hush-money,  because  ha  had 
base  desiyis  on  Mrs.  Malfoct;  but  his 
character  is  cleared,  and  he  leads  to  tba 
altar  the  blooming  young  widow,  whila 
the  return  of  Mauort's  rather  places  his 
SOB  again  in  prosperous  ciroumstaneca. 

Soldiers'  Triend  {The).  Frederick 
duke  of  York,  second  son  of  George  III., 
and  commander  of  the  British  forces  in 
the  Low  Countries  during  the  French 
Revolution  (1763-1827). 

Solemn  Doctor  {The).  Henry 
Goethals  was  by  the  Sorbonne  given  Uia 
honorary  tide  of  Doctor  Solemna  (1337- 
12»d). 

Solemn  "LrnaguB  and  Ooranant* 

a  league  to  sup|>ort  the  Chuieh  of  Scot- 
land, and  extcmiaate  popeiy  and  prelacy. 
Charles  II.  si^ed  it  in  1661,  but  deelaied 
it  null  and  void  at  his  restoration. 

Soles,  ft  shoemaker,  and  a  witness  ut 
tiie  examination  of  Dirit  Hatteraick. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Qny  Mmmermg  (tine^ 
tieofge  II.). 

SoUd  Doctor  (  JU),  Riduod  Middle- 
ton  (♦-1304). 

Soliman  the  ]Cagnifioent»  Ckaila* 


aOLIllQEN. 


aX^MON. 


wbo  composed  tke  Ubntto  lor 
Haodel's  Messiah  (*-177d). 

Bolingen.  caUed  "The  Sheffield  of 
Germany  ; "  ntmoas  for  swords  and  foils. 

Boli'ntU,  duke  of  Ephesns,  who  was 
obliged  to  pass  the  sentence  of  the  law  on 
.£ge'on,  a  merchant,  because,  being  a 
Syracnsian,  he  had  oared  to  set  foot  in 
Ephesns.  When,  however,  he  discovered 
that  the  man  who  had  saved  his  life,  and 
whom  he  best  loved,  was  the  son  of 
Mgcon^  the  prisoner  was  released,  and 
settled  in  Ephesus. — Shakespeare,  Comedy 
of  £rrors  {1699). 

Solofirne,  in  France.  There  is  a  legend 
that  all  domestic  animals,  such  as  dogs, 
cats,  pigs,  horses,  cows,  etc.,  in  Sologne, 
become  ^ssessed  of  human  speech  m>m. 
the  midni^t  of  Christmas  Eve  to  the  mid- 
day of  D^ember  25. 

Solomon,  an  epis  Mem  in  three 
books,  by  Prior  (1718).  Bk.  i.  Solomon 
seeks  happiness  xrom  wisdom,  but  comes 
to  the  conclnsion  that  "  All  is  vanity  ;  ** 
Ihia  book  is  cntiUed  KtrnMas.  Bk.  li. 
Solomon  seeks  happiness  in  wealth, 
imndcnr,  Inxuiy,  and  ungodliness,  but 
ooaies  to  the  conelMion  that  "All  is 
vanity  and  vexation  of  spirit;'*  this 
book  is  entitled  Pleasure.  Bk.  iii.,  en- 
titled Power ^  consists  of  the  reflections  of 
Solomon  upon  human  life,  the  power  of 
fiodf  life,  oeath,  and  a  future  state.  An 
nngnl  vcvtals  to  him  the  future  lot  of  the 
Jewish  race,  and  Solomon  concludes  with 
tills  petition : 


Great  Father,  thj  hutmcied  i    , 
And  la  my  Ml  nay  llhr  fraal  vffl  be  Ane  I 

Solomon  is  called  king  of  the  nnn  and 
fairies.  This  is  probably  a  mere  blonder. 
The  monarchs  of  these  spirits  was  called 
'*  snleyman,**  and  this  title  of  rank  has 
been  mistaken  for  a  proper  name, 

Solomon  died  stmnding.  Solomon  em- 
ployed the  ^^enii  in  building  the  Temple, 
out,  perceiving  that  his  end  was  at  hwad, 
prayed  God  that  his  death  might  be 
concealed  from  the  genii  till  the  work 
was  oomphited.  Accordingly,  he  died 
standing,  leaning  on  his  staff  as  if  in 
prayer.  ^  The  genii,  supposing  him  to  be 
alive,  toiled  on,  and  when  the  Temple  was 
fully  built,  a  worm  gnawed  the  staff,  and 
the  corpse  fell  prostrate  to  the  earth. 
Mahooiet  icfers  to  this  as  a  faet : 

W«E«etf1ha44ecireed  that  SoloiMi  ■hoali  dia. 

dimmradhla  death  unlotkani  (M««wM<ileicept 

thine  of  the  eaith,  vbicfa  fnawed  bu  itur. 

it  [dmd]  hodf  Ml  down,  the  geoH  plalnir 

ttet  k  Ihcir  IwdkiMvn  that  which  it 


the 


not  liava 
ertfn,  xxdT. 


laavtte 


Solomon's  Favourite  Wife,  Prior,  in 
his  epic  poem  called  Sokmon  (bk.  iL), 
makes  Abra  the  favourite. 


t 


Ihe  aiy  lei  Ae  bed  gathered  iwei       . 

The  cake  abe  kneaded  ma  Uie  mrtmrj  meat ; 
▲U  fruita  ttielr  odour  lost  and  meata  tbefar  beta. 
If  gentle  Abra  bad  not  deckad  the  feaat ; 
IHdionoared  dM  Uia  aparkling  soblet  atand. 
Vnlcaa  recelred  ftrom  gentle  Am*!  hand ;  .  .  . 
Mor  oouM  my  aool  appfofo  the  maaic'a  tana, 
nil  an  waa  boahed.  and  Abca  aung  altoe: 

Al  Beid&wi,  Jall&lo'ddin,  and  Abnlfeda, 
ive  Amina,  daughter  of  Jerida  king  of 
'yre.  as  his  favourite  concubine. 
Solomon  Kills  Bis  Bors^,  Solomon 
bought  a  thousand  horses,  and  went  to  exa- 
mine them.  The  examination  took  him  the 
whole  day,  so  that  he  omitted  the  pntyers 
which  be  ought  to  have  repeated.  This 
neglect  came  into  his  mind  at  sonset,  and, 
by  way  of  atonement,  he  slew  all  the 
horses  exoepi  a  hundred  of  tiie  best  **  as 
m  offering  to  God ; "  and  God,  to  make 
luBi  amends  for  his  loss,  save  him  the 
dominion  of  the  winds,  luhomet  refers 
to  this  in  the  following  passage : — 


ttie  gioiuidwhh  the  edge  of  the  foortb  foot,  iwirt  in  the 
eootae.  were  aet  In  pande  befnre  hbn  tsolomtm]  in  the 
eeantag.  ha  aaU.  "  Verlljr  I  have  loved  the  love  of  earthy 
good  atbore  the  reaMmbcanoa  of  my  Luid;  and  I  hava 

tin  the  sun  la 


apent  the  thne  faa  riaring  theae  he 
hUdea  bjr  the  voM  of  alght.  Bring  the  honea  bark  onto 
ate."  And  when  th«r  weie  broo^t  bark,  ha  bepaa  to 
eat  off  their  lega  and  their  aeeka.— Jf  KorAn^  sxxvUL 

Solomon^ s  Mode  of  Travelling,  Solomon 
had  a  carpet  of  green  silk,  on  which 
his  throne  was  placed.  This  carpet  was 
large  enough  for  all  his  army  to  stand  on. 
When  his  soldiers  had  stationed  them- 
selves on  his  right  hand,  and  the  spirits 
on  his  left,  Solom<m  commanded  the 
winds  to  convey  him  whither  he  listed. 
Whereupon  the  winds  buoyed  up  ttie 
carpet,  and  transported  it  to  the  place  the 
king  wished  to  go  to,  and  while  uwsing 
thus  through  the  air,  the  birds  of  heaven 
hovered  overhead,  forming  a  canopy  with 
their  wings  to  ward  off  the  heat  of  the 
sun.  Mahomet  takes  this  legend  as  an 
historic  fact,  for  he  says  in  reference  to 

: 

Unto  6don>oa  We  aahlected  the  atrong  vlnd.  and  It  ran 
at  bia  command  to  the  lead  wheraen  We  had  beetoaad 
oar  blaerias— 41  Mtrtm,  sxi. 

And  again  I 

We  DMye  Um  vtad  aakleet  to  Ubl  and  M  nn  geaOr  at 
hia  wanmand  whitbenocfer  he  daairad.— 41  JferdH, 
nzTUl. 

Solomon's  ^net-Ring,  The  rabbins 
say  that  Solomon  wore  a  ring  in  which 
was  set  a  chased  stone  thai  told  him 
everything  he  wished  to  know. 

Solomon  Loses  His  Styml-JKing.    Solo- 

8  o 


SOLOMOir. 


SOLTMiEAK  ROUT. 


Man**  fwrourite  coneabine  wm  Amlna. 
dAOgliter  of  JcfidA  kin^  of  Tyre,  ana 
when  be  went  to  bathe,  it  was  to  Amina 
that  be  entrosted  his  signet-ring.  One 
day,  the  deidl  Sakhar  assumed  tiie  like- 
ness of' Solomon,  and  so  got  possession 
of  the  ring,  and  for  forty  da^'s  reigned 
in  Jerusalem^  while  Solomon  himself  was 
a  wanderer  living  on  alms.  At  the  end 
of  the  forty  days,  Sakhar  flnng  the  ring 
into  the  sea;  it  was  swallowed  by  a 
fish,  which  was  given  to  Solomon. 
Having  thos  obtained  his  ring  again, 
Solomon  took  Sakhar  eaptive,  and  cast 
him  into  the  sea  of  Galilee. — At  Koran 
(Salens  notes,  cb.  xxxviH.).  (SeeJoviAir, 
p.  601.) 

*«*  Mahomet,  fai  the  JTonSn,  takes  this 
legend  as  an  historic  fact,  for  he  says : 
**We  [a«f]  also  tried  Solomon,  and 
placed  on  his  throne  a  eomterfeit  body 
ti.e.  Sakhar  the  Awtf]."— Ch.  xxxviii. 

Uffan,  the  sa^e,  saw  Solomon  asleep,  and, 
wishing  to  take  oif  his  signet-ring,  gave 
three  arrows  to  Aboataleb,  sa3ring,  **  \^en 
the  serpent  springs  upon  me  and  strikes 
me  dead,  shoot  one  of  these  arrows  at  me, 
and  I  shall  instantly  come  to  life  again." 
Uifan  tugged  at  the  ring,  was  stung  to 
death,  bu^  being  struck  by  one  of  the 
arrows,  revived.  This  happened  twice. 
After  the  third  attempt,  the  heavens  grew 
BO  black,  and  the  thunder  was  so  alarm- 
ing, that  Aboutaleb  was  afraid  to  shoot, 
and,  throwing  down  the  bow  and  arrow, 
fled  with  precipitation  from  the  dreadful 
place. — Comte  de  Caylus,  Oriental  Talet 
("  History  ot  Aboutaleb,"  1748). 

Solomon  (The  Second)^  James  I.  of 
England  (1566,  160^-1625). 

TiM  rraoch  kli«  [MemH  jr.]  Mid.  in  th*  rwwnee  of 


lord  SMKiulMr,  to  oim  tiuUenllcd  Jmiim  a  mtoomd  Solomoit, 
"  I  boMlM  Is  not  tk«  ton  or  DmtU  Um  fiddler"  [AmM 
irtetoJ.--OdionM.  BtoMt  Miatont*  L  Stl. 


Sully  called  bim  "The  Wisest  Fool  in 
Christendom.** 

Sdlomonf  a  tedious,  consequential  old 
butler,  in  the  service  of  count  Winter- 
sen.  He  has  two  idiosyncrasies :  One 
is  tiiat  he  receives  letters  of  confidential 
importance  from  all  parts  of  the  civilized 
world,  but  **  has  received  no  communica- 
tion from  abroad  to  tell  him  who  Mrs.  Hal- 
ler  is."  One  letter  "from  Constantinople" 
turns  out  to  be  from  his  nephew,  Tim 
Twist  the  tailor,  about  a  waistcoat  which 
had  been  turned  three  times.  In  regard 
to  the  other  idiosyncrasy,  he  boasts  of  his 
cellar  of  wine  provided  ma"  most  frugal 
and  provident  way,"  and  of  his  alterations 
in  tne  park,  "ul  done  witii  the  most 


'  He  is  vefy  pnod 
of  his  son  Peter,  a  half-witted  bid,  nad 
thinks  Mrs.  Haller  "casts  eyes  at  him.** 
— Benj.  Thompson,  The  Stranger  (1797). 

Solomon  Daisy,  parish  clerk  and 
beU-ringer  of  GbigweU.  He  had  little 
round,  black,  shiny  eyes  like  beads ;  wore 
rusty  black  breeches,  a  rusty  black  coat, 
and  a  long-flapped  waistcoat  with  little 

aueer  buttons  like  his  eyes.  As  he  sat  in 
tie  fire^ght,  he  seemed  all  eyes,  from  head 
to  foot. — C.  Dickens,  Bamab^  Bwije 
(1841). 

Solomon  of  China  {The),  Tae- 
tsong  L.  whose  real  name  was  Lee-cbee- 
men.  He  reformed  the  calendar,  founded 
a  very  extensive  library^  establitAed 
schools  in  his  palace,  Imilt  places  of 
worship  for  the  Nestorian  Qmstiana,  and 
was  noted  for  his  wise  maximH  (*,  618- 
626). 

Solomon  of  England  {The),  Hemy 
YII.    (1457,    1486-1509)7     (See   abon^ 

SOLOMOir,  THE  SCCOITD.) 

Solomon  of  France  {The),  Cbaries 
y.  le  Sage  (13S7,  1364-1380). 

*«*  Louis  IX.  (i>.  St.  Lous)  is  also 
called  "The  Solomon  of  Fmaoe'*  (1215, 
1226-1270). 

Solon  of  French  Prose  (The)^ 
Balzac  (1596-1655). 

Solon  of  Pama88aB(7%e).  BoUc 
is  so  called  by  Voltaire,  in  allusion  to 
Art  of  Poetry  (1636^1711). 

Solon's  Happiness,  death.  Solon 
said,  "Call  no  man  happy  till  he  is 
dead." 

ButartitaaphlilhlitaBfln  poaii 
That  hnia  Mplrad  t»  Solou't  mfftlmmt^ 
And  tftennbt  oTvr  t^tt*. 
(I)  flhnkeqMnr*,  TUut  AndnmteuM,  net  L  K.  t  (MSS^ 

Solagrace  {Master  Nehendah),  a  pre»- 
by  terian  pastor.— Sir  W.  Scott,  reveril  of 
the  Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Solus,  an  old  bachelor,  who  greaUy 
wished  to  be  a  married  man.  \¥nen  he 
saw  the  bright  sides  of  domestte  life,  he 
resolved  he  would  marry ;  but  when  he  saw 
the  reverse  sides,  he  determined  to  remain 
single.  Ultimately,  he  takes  to  the  altar 
Miss  Spinster. — Indibald,  £very  One  has 
His  FatUt  (1794). 

SolynUBan  'Rout  (The),  ihe  London 
rabble  and  rebels.  Sol3rm«Ba  was  an 
ancient  name  of  Jerusalem,  Bubseqnaitly 
called  Hiero-solyma,  that  is  "sacred 
Solyma."      As    Gharies    II.   u    caUed 


SOLTHAN. 


9ai 


SOPHIA. 


«I>mrid,**  and  London  "  Jenisalem,"  the 
London  T«bel«  »re  called  "  the  Solynuean 
rout "  or  the  rabble  of  Jenuutlem. 


Hm  SolywH  root,  well  vened  of  oM, 

In  goiif  fbcUon,  and  in  tnnaoo  btdd.  .  .  . 

flBV  wHh  dbdain  ma  Kthnie  plot [pcpfafc  flotliMgim, 

Aad  nomed  bf  Jtbuaitm  [papUt$]  to  be  outdone. 

Siydai.  Ai$alom  ami  Aektfpk^t,  L  (16B1). 

BoVjmBXL^  kins  of  the  Saracens, 
whose  capital  was  Nice.  Being  driven 
from  his  kingdom,  he  fled  to  Egypt,  and 
'  of  tiie  Arabs 


there  appointed  leader 
(bk.  tx.).  oolyman  and  Argant^  were 
by  far  ^e  most  doughty  of  the  pagan 
knights.  The  former  was  slain  by  Kinal- 
do  (bk.  XX.),  and  the  latter  by  Tancred. 
— ^Tasso,  Jenuaiem  Delivered  (1575). 

80iiibragloomy,  London,  the  in- 
habitants of  which  are  Sombragloomians. 

Somnambulufl.  Sir  W.  Scott  so 
si^ns  The  Viskmary  (political  satires, 
1819).— Olphar  Hamst  IKalph  Thomas], 
Htmdbook  of  Fictiiious  Names, 

8omo  Bala  (Like  the  father  of),  a 
dreamer  of  air-castles,  like  the  milkmaid 
Penette  in  Lafontaine.  (See  Count  not, 
etc.) 

Son  of  Belial  (^),  a  wicked  person, 
a  rebel,  an  infidel. 

NowtbeKHMoTEIIwereionsoriMial:  tber  knew  not 
(Le.  ■etiieolwffwrf  not]  the  Lord.— I  Sank,  tt.  IS. 


Son  of  Consolation,  St.  Barnabas 
of  Cypms  (first  century). — Aets  It.  86. 

Son  of  Perdition  {The)y  Judas 
Iecariot.^-JoAn  xvii.  12. 

Son  of  Pension,  Antichrist. — 2  Thess. 
iLd. 

Son  of  a  Star  (The)^  Barcodiebas 
or  Barchodiab,  who  gave  himself  out  to 
be  the  **  star  "  predicted  by  Balaam  (died 
A.D.  185). 


There  diaO  ooae  ft  Bter  out  ct  Jaeobw  and  •  Boeptn 
rise  oat  of  Unti,  end  dMll  ualta  the  eomen  of 
Ifoabw  and  ililmj  «a  the  cblldrea  of  Shetk— JTmnA 
aadr.  17. 

SonoftheliaetHan.  Charles  II. 
was  so  called  by  the  parliamentarians. 
His  father  Charles  I.  was  called  by  them 
<•  The  Last  Man.** 

Son  of  the  Hock,  echo. 

She  vent    She  ealkd  on  Anner.    Nought  answered 
tottbesoaoftherodL— OeriMi,  Th»  8tmg»  ^  Sttmrn. 

Sona  of  Phidias,  sculptors. 

Sons  "of  Thunder  or  Boanerges, 
James  and  John,  sons  of  Zebedee. — Mark 
in.  17. 

Song.  The  Father  of  Modem  Drench 
SosigsiC,  F.  Panard  (1G91>1765). 


iSbfi^.  W»atl  allthisforasomgf  So 
said  William  Cecil  lord  Bni^ghley  when 
queen  £lizabeth  ordered  him  to  giyB 
Edmund  Spenser  £100  as  an  expression 
of  her  pleasure  at  some  verses  he  had 
presented  to  her.  When  a  pension  of 
£50  a  year  was  settled  on  the  poet,  lord 
Burghley  did  all  in  his  power  to  oppose 
the  g^nt.  To  this  Spenser  alludes  m  the 
lines  following : — 

Opief  of  griefs  i    OBdlofaUaoodhewtsI 
To  see  Uiat  ▼Irtue  sboold  det^aM  be 

Of  him  thnt  first  was  imbed  for  rirtno«n  parts ; 
And  now,  broad<spreading  like  an  aged  tree. 
Lets  none  shoot  up  that  nigh  bim  planted  he 

Oh  lot  the  man  ef  whom  tlie  Muse  Is  seomed, 

AUto  nor  dead  be  of  the  Mum  adorned ! 

r,  Tkt  Mtdm «/  fHHM  (IBBl). 


Sonnamlbula  (La)i  Ami'na  the 
miller's  daughter.  She  was  betrothed 
to  Elvi'no  a  rich  young  farmer,  but  the 
night  before  the  wedding  was  discovered 
in  the  bed  of  conte  Rodolpho.  This  very 
ugly  circumstance  made  tne  farmer  break 
Off  the  match,  and  promise  marriage  to 
Lisa  the  innkeeper's  daughter.  The 
count  now  interfeivd,  and  assured  Elvino 
that  the  miller's  daughter  was  a  sleep- 
walker, and  while  they  were  still  talking 
she  was  seen  walking  on  the  edge  of  the 
mill-roof  while  the  huge  mill-wheel  was 
turning  rapidly.  She  then  crossed  a 
crazy  old  bridge,  and  came  into  the  midst 
of  the  assembly,  when  she  woke  and  ran 
to  the  arms  of  her  lover.  Elvino,  con- 
vinced of  her  innocence,  married  her,  and 
Lisa  was  resigned  to  Alessio  whose  para- 
mour she  was. — Bellini's  opera,  La  Soi^ 
nambula  (1831). 

(Taken  from  a  melodrama  by  Ro- 
mani,  and  adapted  as  a  libretto  by 
Scribe.) 

Sooterkin,  a  fidse  birth,  as  when  a 
woman  gives  birth  to  a  rat,  dog,  or  other 
monstrosity.  This  birth  is  said  to  be 
produced  by  Dutch  women,  from  their 
sitting  over  their  foot-stoves. 

Sopor's  Iiane  (London),  now  called 
"  Queen  Street." 

Sophi,  in  An^ic,  means  "  pure,**  and 
therefore  one  of  the  pure  or  true  faith. 
As  a  royal  title,  it  is  tantamount  to 
"catholic  " or  ** most  Christian." — Selden, 
TUlea  of  Honour,  vi.  76-7  (1614). 

Sophi'a,  mother  of  Rollo  and  Otto 
dukes  of  Normandy.  Rollo  is  the 
"bloody  brother."  —  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  The  Bloody  Brother  (1639). 

Sophia,  wife  of  Mathlas  a  Bohemian 
knigtkt.  When  Mathias  went  to  take 
service  with  king  Ldulialaos  of  Bohemiai 


SOPHIA. 


arafffiLLo. 


^e  quMB  HoooriA  fell  in  krc  witli  him, 
and  Mot  Ulwldo  and  Bicude  to  teaipt 
Sophia  to  inftdelity.  B«t  immediAtely 
Sophia  peroeived  their  parpoee,  she  had 
them  confined  in  separate  chamben,  and 
compelled  them  to  earn  their  liring  by 
spinning. 

Sophwi's  Picture,  When  Uathias  left, 
Sophia  gave  him  a  magic  picture,  whidi 
turned  yeilow  if  she  were  tempted,  and 
black  if  she  yielded  to  the  teroptatum. — 
Massinger,  The  Picture  (1629). 

Sophia  (St.)  or  Aoia  [AyaJ  Sofi'a, 
the  most  celebrated  mosqne  of  Oonstanti- 
noole,  once  a  Qiristian  ohnrch,  bat  now 
a  Mohammedan  jamih.  It  is  260  feet 
long  and  230  feet  broad.  Its  dome  is 
supported  on  pillars  of  marble,  granite, 
and  green  iasper,  said  to  have  belonged 
to  the  temple  of  Diana  at  Ephesus. 


WtthL 

^yroo,  Don  Jw»m,  v.  S  (ISM). 

AmAM  (2^  dtmosm),  onl^  child  of  the 
€»ld  King  of  liombaidy,  in  love  with 
Paladore,  a  Briton,  who  sared  her  life  by 
killing  a  boar  which  had  gored  her  horse 
to  death.  She  was  unjostly  accused  of 
wantonness  by  duke  Bir^o,  whom  the 
king  wished  bier  to  manr,  but  whom  she 
rejected.  By  the  law  of  Lombardy,  this 
offence  was  punishable  by  death,  but  the 
accuser  was  bound  to  support  his  charge 
by  single  combat,  if  any  champion  chose 
to  tight  in  her  defence.  Paladore  chal- 
lenged the  duke,  and  slew  him.  The 
whole  villainy  of  the  charge  was  then 
exposed,  the  character  of  the  princess 
was  cleared,  and  her  marriage  wiUi  Pala- 
dore concludes  the  play.— Robert  Jeph- 
son.  The  Law  of  Lombardy  (1779). 

Sophia  [Frbblove],  daughter  of  the 
Widow  Warren  by  her  first  husband. 
She  is  a  lovely,  innocent  girl,  passionatelv 
attached  to  Harr^  Domton  the  bankers 
son.  to  whom  ultimately  she  is  married. 
— T.  Holcroft,  7%<?  Soad  to  Muin  (1792). 

Sonhia  [PrimroseI,  the  younger 
daughter  of  the  vicar  of  Wakefield,  soft, 
modest,  and  alluring.  Being  thrown 
from  her  horse  into  a  deep  stream,  she 
was  rescued  by  Mr.  Burcoell,  alias  sir 
William  Thomhill.  Being  abducted,  she 
was  again  rescufd  by  him,  and  finally 
married  him. — Goldsmith,  Vicarof  Wake^ 
field  (1766). 

Sophia  [Sprightly],  a  youncr  lady 
vi  high  spirits  and  up  to  fun.  Tnkely 
!4tves  hor  sinoerely,  and  knowing  her 
poniaiity  for   the  Hon.    Mr.   Daffodil, 


expont  hin  at  a  ''mala  tfiguma,"  of 
mean  spirit  and  wiUte«t  manly 
after  which  slie  fc^eds  him  with 
and  gives  her  hand  and  heart  to  T«kcly. 
— Garrick,  TV  Male  Coquette  (1758). 

9ophonia'bft»  daughter  of  Asdruhal, 
and  reared  to  detest  Rome.  She  was 
alRaneed  to  Masinissa  king  of  the  Nvmi- 
dians,  but  married  Syphax.  In  b  c.  203 
she  fell  into  iht  hands  of  Lelina  and 
Masinisea,  and,  to  prevent  being  made  a 
captive,  married  the  Nnmidiao  prince. 
This  subject  and  that  of  Cleopatra  have 
furnished  more  dramas  than  any  «ther 
whatsoever. 

/VwkA  .*  J.  Mairet,  Soplkmitbe  (16S0)  ; 
Pierre  Comeille  ;  Lagravga-Ghaneel ; 
and  Voltaire.  Italian:  Trisaino  (U14) ; 
Alfieri  (1749-1863).  Enalish :  John 
Marston,  The  Wdndter  of  Women  or  The 
Tragedy  of  Sophonida  (1605) ;  Jamas 
lliotnson,  Sophoni^  (1729). 

(In  Thomson*s  tragedy  occurs  the  line, 
"Oh  Sophonisba!  Saphsaisha  eh!** 
whidi  was  parodied  by  '*  Oh 
Thomson !  Jenuny  Thomaoa  oh  t  **) 

WUh arti aiWi« HnfhDBlihi  iwa—y 


8ophroxiia,a  young  lady  who 
taught  Greek,  and  to  hate  men  who  were 
not  scholars.  Her  wisdom  taught  her  to 
gauge  the  wisdom  of  her  suitors,  and  to 
discover  their  shortcomings.  She  never 
found  one  up  to  the  mark,  and  now  die  ia 
wrinkled  with  age,  and  talks  aboat  the 
**  beauties  of  the  mind.**— Ooldsmid^  A 
Citizen  of  the  World,  xxviiL  (1769). 

Sophromtu    (Sea  Sofrohia.) 

Sophros'yne  (4  syL),  one  of  Locia- 
tilla*s  handmaids,  noted  f>»r  her  parity. 
Sophrosynd  was  sent  with  Andronfca  to 
eondaet  Astolpho  safely  from  India  to 
Arabia.  —  Anosto,  Orlamh  IWwao 
(1616). 

8^hy,  the  eldest  of  a  hattt  family. 
She  is  eneaged  to  Traddles,  and  is  always 
st>oken  of  by  him  as  **  the  dearest  girl  'in 
the  worid.'*>-C.  Dickens,  David  (Spper- 
field  (1849). 

Sops  of  [or  m]  Wine.  Deptfoid 
pinks  are  so  called. 

Sora'nOy  a  Neapolitan  noble,  brothar 
of  Evanthe  (8  syl,)  *'the  wife  for  a 
month,**  and  the  infamous  instrument  of 
Frederick  the  licentious  brother  of 
Alphonso  king  of  Naples. — Beaumont 
and  Fletcher,  I  Wife  for  a  Month  (16*24). 

flordellOy  a  Provencal  poet,  w1ii»m 
Dant6  meeto  in  purgatoiy,  sitting  apart. 


80R£Ii. 


SOVEREIGNS  OF  ENGLAND. 


On  nttio^Ynpij  SerdeUoflptuigB  fdnrmid 
to  embrace  him. 

\*  R.  Browmng  hu  m  pocn  ealled 
SorvkliOy  and  makes  Sordello  tsrpical  of 
liberty  and  baman  perfectibility. 

Sorel  (Agnes) ,  sumamed  La  dame  de 
SeauUy  not  from  her  pevBonal  beaotv, 
bat  from  the  ^  chAteaa  de  Beaat^,"  on 
the  banks  of  the  Mame,  given  to  her  by 
Charles  YU.  (1409^1460). 

Borento  (in  Naples),  the  birthplace 
of  Toiquato  Tasso,  tKe  Italian  poet. 

BoFTOWB  of  Weriher,  a  mawkish, 
sentimental  novel  by  Goethe  (1774),  once 
extremely  popular.  *'Werther'*  is  Goethe 
himself,  who  loves  a  married  woman,  and 
becomes  disgusted  with  life  beeaose 
<'  [Charllotte  is  the  wife  of  his  friend 


,  tnhwlnitwlf  hitetfc*  sOToanSwk^lsspMt  of 
mm  Uftk  to  •  laee  of  MBtliiMatiribt%  who 
waikd  in  cvenr  pwt  of  the  vorM  till  beCtflr 
on  tiicm.  or  at  any  mto  Ml  eriiMMle^ 
InU  Itnlf  to  tlMp.  and  H  wM  diMovered  that 


flosia  (in  Moli^re  /Sbsi?),  the  slave  of 
Amphitryon.  When  Mereniy  assnaes 
the  form  of  Sosia,  and  Jnpiter  that  of 
Amphiti^on,  the  mistakes  and  confusion 
which  anse  resemble  those  of  the  brothers 
Antiph'olus  and  their  servants  the 
brothers  Dromio,  in  Shakespeare's  Oomedy 
of  Errors.— PlaotuB,  Molibre  (1668),  and 
Piyden  (1690),  Amphitryon. 


Bk  im  name 
OTM  if  a 

Lambk 


ktohs  oat  apoB  him  Uko  anottiar 

his  OWB 


Bosii,  brothers,  the  name  of  two  book- 
sellers at  Rome,  referred  to  by  Horace. 


(JfoNi.  le  barom  de), 
lather  ef  Anff^^oe,  and  fsther-in-law 
of  George  Dandin.  His  wife  was  of  tha 
howa  of  Prudoieiie,  and  both  boasted 
that  in  MO  rears  no  one  of  their  dis- 
tinguished tines  ever  swerved  from 
▼irtue.  **La  bnvoars  n*y  est  pas  plus 
h^r^itaire  aox  m&les,  ()ue  la  cba8tet<$ 
aux  families.**  They  lived  with  their 
son-in-law,  who  was  allowed  the  honour 
of  papng  their  debts,  and  receiving  a 
Mmbbtag  every  time  ho  opened  his  mouth 
that  he  might  be  taught  the  mysteries  of 
the  kemt  wumde. — Moli^re,  Gwrge  Dan- 
din  (1668). 

Sonlis  (Lord  William),  a  man  of 
prodkfioas  strength,  cruelty,  avarice,  and 
Ireacheiy.  Old  Redcap  gave  him  a 
eharmed  life,  which  nothing  could  affed 
**  till  threefold  rones  of  sand  were 
fewiated  lemd  haa  body.**    Lord  SMdia 


waylaid  May  the  lady-love  of  the  heir 
of  Branxholm,  and  kept  her  in  durance 
till  she  iM'omised  to  become  his  bride. 
Walter,  the  brother  of  the  young  heir, 
raised  nis  father's  liegemen  and  invested 
the  castle.  Lord  Soalis  having  fallen 
into  the  hands  of  ike  liegemen,  **  they 
wrapped  him  in  lead,  and  flung  him  into 
a  caldron,  till  lead,  bones,  and  all  were 
melted."— John  Leyden  (1802). 

(The  caldron  is  still  shown  in  the 
Skelfhill  at  Ninestane  Rig,  part  of  the 
range  of  hills  which  separates  Liddesdale 
and  Teviotdale.) 

South  (Sqwire),  the  aiehduke  Charlea 
of  Austria.— Ajcbathnot,  History  of  John 
Bull  (1712). 

South  Britain,  all  the  island  of 
Gieat  Britahi  except  Scotland,  whidi  ia 
caUed  **  North  Britain." 

South  Sea  (The),  the  Paciflc  Ooean  | 
so  called  by  Yaseo  Nufiez  de  Balboa,  in 
1613.  (See  Mississippi  Bubblk,  p.  647.) 

Soirthampton  (The  mmi  of),  the 
friend  of  the  earl  of  Essex,  and  involved 
with  him  in  the  charge  of  treason,  but 
pardoned. — Henry  Jones,  The  Earl  of 
B$ae»  (1745). 

Sovereigns  of  Bngland  (Mortual 
Days  of  the)* 

Sunday:  six,  viz.,  Henry  I.,  Ed- 
ward III.,  James  I.,  William  III.,  ARne, 
Cieorge  I. 

Monday  :  six,  viz.,  Stephen,  Henry  IV., 
Henry  Y.,  Richard  III.,  Elizabeth,  Mary 
II.    (Richard  II.  deposed,) 

Tuesday:  four,  viz.,  Richard  I., 
Charles  I.,  Charles  II.,  WilUam  IV. 
(Edward  II.  resigned,  and  James  II.  db- 
dicated,) 

Wednesday  :  four,  viz.,  John,  Henry 
ni.,  Edward  IV.,  Edward  V.  (Henry 
VI.  deposed,) 

Thursday:  five,  viz.,  William  I., 
William  II.,  Henry  II.,  Edward  VI., 
Mary  I. 

Friday:  three,  viz.,  Edward  I., 
Henry  VIII.,  Cromwell. 

Saturday:  four,  \'iz.,  Henry  VII., 
(Jeorge  II.,  George  III.,  George  TV, 

That  is,  6  Sunday  and  Monday;  5 
Thursday  ;  4  Tuesday,  Wednesday,  and 
Saturday  ;  and  8  Friday. 

1  (OM  StytoV  Ai«Mfc  U  (N«r  SHieK 


Amhi^ 
1714. 

CHABUn  I.,  Junmxj  80,  1648-9:  CSAUn  n.,  Pab- 
nmrr  <.  1SB«-S;  CKmmwku  dteil  Otpt— M  9,  ISBSt 
twnt  aliybwi,  JawMiy  M.  MSL 

KDWjiao  I..  July  7.  1307;  Sdwasp  lit.  /Mm  IL 
11772  KirrAWlV..Ai>rtt«,MaB;  iBWABaV..  Jotit 


sow- 


Mi 


SPANISH  BRUTUS. 


MM;  SAWABD  TL, /ilr  C  UB ; 


Owomou  1 .  3mtf  11,  1737 ;  Omnmb  JU  OetolMr  9t, 
17f0:  OIOMB  UU  JanoMy  9.  UW;  GbuMB  IV^ 
Jane  A  1830. 

Humr  I..  DMmtar  1.  uaS;  Hsxbt  U^  July  •.  118»: 
HB!iBr  UU  If  ovMlMr  IS,  1173 ;  Ueskt  IV^  Mmb  90. 
U12-3 ;  HiiiBr  v..  Auguit  SI.  1421 :  HB:(Br  TI.  4Up«»od 
Mwdi  4  14001:  Hbmt  VII..  April  SI,  IBW;  iUlWX 
VIII..  Jamuirir ».  IMO^. 

jAlfn  L.  MMch  S7.  lOK;  JAMn  IL  ■M<«rt»rf 
DaewnNr  II.  ICM :  JoMK.  Oetob«r  10.  I01& 

Mabt  U  NowriMT  17. 1M6 ;  MAsr  II..  Dwvaber  S7. 
1004. 

BICHABD  I..  April  f.  lift :  BlOflAU»  n.  dtpott*  Stp- 
tmbaroi.  UIO:  Rkhabo  IlL,  Ahtm*  SO.  I4BS. 

AnniBN,  October  3S.  IIM. 

WiULiAif  I..  Si^itember  •,  1087;  WIUUM  11^ 
AngiHt  S.  1100;  WiuiAM  lU  March  8.  1701-3;  Wn,. 
UAM  IV..  June  30.  ISV. 

•••  Kdwmrd  II.  rmignad  Tmtdaf,  JancMfy  30. 1037.  aii4 
«MiMtrrf«rtrfMoBdior.8«|i«emlMrSl.ia37.  Heniy  ▼!• 
4«|MMf  WediM«iay.  lUich  4.  1461.  afiin  Buiidnr. 
April  14.  I4n.  and  dimd  WedneedMr.  ffigr  33.  1471. 
JaaM  II.  ■MIewrerf  Tvmdaf,  Deeember  11.  MSB.  and 
lUerf  at  at.  Oennaln't.  170L  Richard  II.  dtpomd  Moo- 
day.  Seplanber  ».  UBB.  tfied  the  iMt  week  in  Febraary. 
1400 :  bat  bis  death  wM  aot  amioMiewi  tlO  Frtd^.  March 
13. 1400.  when  a  dead  body  wae  eihlbited  add  to  be  ttet 
of  Uie  liriawil  kli«. 

or  the  MMrereisne.  cisht  iMW  died  belWMii  the  a«ai  of  SO 
and  70.  tVD  betwe—  70  and  8Q,  and  ooe  Ium  eaeeeded 

JjUbMi  l!?iO,  Henry  I.  C7.  Heniy  IIL  «.  Idward  L  m, 
■dwaid  III.  05.  EUabeth  fli.  Georfe  L  87.  Georyi  IV.  m. 

Georie  IL  77.  WmiaM  IV.  73.-George  III.  81 

Length  <^  rtign.  Five  have  relsned  between  30  and  SO 
yaan,  Mven  between  00  and  40  yean,  one  between  40  and 
00  yean,  and  three  above  10  yean. 

WUIiani  I..  90  yean  0  titonths  18  dam ;  Uchard  U.,  93 
nan  8  monthc  6  dayi ;  Henry  VII.,  38  yean  8  months; 
Jamee  I..  33  yean  4  dayi}  Gharlee  I..  81  y«an  10  monthi 
4dayi. 

Hennr  1..  89  yean  3  monthe  37  day* ;  Henry  n..  84  Man 

8  montlM  17  di^ra ;  Edward  I.,  84  yean  7  OHmths  18  dayi ; 
Henry  VL.  38 yean8aionthi4d«ya:  Henry  VIU..  87 Man 

9  month*  7  day* :  CharhN  H.^Oonwell,  88yean8dayi; 
QoorfB  II..  81  yean  4  months  15  dayi. 

KUabeih.  44  yean  4  months  8  dayi. 
Henry  III..  Myews  3D  dayt;  Uward  IH^  80  yaan  d 
■MNithe38dayt:  George  III..  18  yaan  8  months  4  diV** 

Sow  {A)f  a  machmo  of  war.  It  wm 
m  wooden  8hed  which  went  on  wheels, 
the  roof  being  ridged  like  &  hog*8  back. 
Being  thrust  close  to  the  wall  of  a  place 
besieged,  it  served  to  protect  the  be- 
ii^ng  party  from  the  arrows  hurled 
against  them  from  the  walls.  When 
the  countess  of  March  (called  "Black 
Agnes  *'),  in  1386,  saw  one  of  these 
engines  advancing  towards  her  castle,  sho 
oalled  out  to  the  earl  of  Salisbury,  who 
commanded  the  engineers : 


Beware  Mon 
Forhmm 


thy 


and  then  had  such  a  huge  fra^ent  of 
rock  rolled  on  the  engine  that  it  dashed 
it  to  pieces.  When  she  saw  the  English 
soldiers  running  away,  the  countess 
called  out,  **  Co !  lot  the  litter  of 
English  pigs  !  ** 

Bow  of  Dallweir,  named  "Hen- 
wen,**  went  burrowing  through  M'ales, 
and  leaving  in  one  place  a  grain  of  barley, 
in  another  a  little  pig,  a  few  bees,  a 
grain  or  two  of  wheat,  and  so  on,  and  theso 


made  the  places  celebrated  for  ^e 
ticular  produce  ever  after. 

It  is  supposed  that  the  aow  was  really 
a  ship,  and  that  the  keeper  of  the  aow, 
named  Coll  ab  CoUfrewL  was  the  captain 
of  the  vessel.— TIWsA  IHodo,  IvL 

€IO'Werberry»  the  parodnal  mider- 
taker,  to  whom  CHiver  Twist  is  bound 
when  he  quits  the  workhouse.  Sower- 
berry  was  not  a  badly  disposed  man,  and 
he  treated  Oliver  with  a  certain  measure 
of  kindness  and  consideration  ;  but  Olirer 
was  ill-treated  by  Mrs.  Sowerberry,  and 
bullied  by  a  big  boy  caUed  Noah  Oay- 

Kle.  Being  one  day  greatly  exasperated 
the  bully,  Oliver  gave  him  a  thoroagh 
*^  drubbing,**  whereupon  Charlotte  the 
maidservant  set  upon  him  like  a  fury, 
scratched  his  face,  and  held  him  fiust 
till  Noah  Claypole  had  pummelled  hisa 
within  an  inch  of  his  life.  Three  against 
one  was  too  much  for  the  lad,  so  he  can 
away.— C.  Dickens,  Olicer  Twist  (1837). 

Sowet  ftgriy,  a  misanthfope.— W.  Brongh, 
A  Phenomenon  m  a  Smock  Fhxk, 

SowerbroWBt  (ifr.),  the  maltster. 
—Sir  W.  Scott,  8t.  RmcaCs  WeU  (time, 
George  III.). 

Boyer  ^Alexis),  a  celebrated  cook, 
appointed,  in  1837.  chef  de  cuisine  to  the 
l£eform  Ulub.  Alexis  Soyer  [Aruyeu] 
was  the  author  of  several  woriis,  as  The 
Ocutronomic  R^enerator^  The  Poor  Man's 
Regenerator^  The  Modem  Housewife,  etc 
(died  1858). 

Spado,  an  impudent  rascal  in  the 
band  of  don  Csssar  (called  "captaiit 
Ramirex**),  who  tricks  ereiT  one,  and 
delights  in  mischief.— CKeeie,  Oastie  of 
Andalusia  (1798). 


QakhTs  great  parts  wma  *«Imac*  "Tony 
"Spado."  and  "sir  Chrtotophar  Cnr.'-^Ci 
ae<^  reiermt. 

(**  Isaac,**  in  the  Duenna^  by  Sheridan  ; 
"  Tony  Lumpkin,**  in  She  Stoops  to  Com- 
(Ritfr,  b^  Goldsmith  ;  **  sir  Christopher 
Curiy,**in  Inkle  and FarioOf  by  G.  Cohnan.) 

Spahis,  native  Algerian  cavalry 
officered  by  Frenchmen.  The  infantry 
are  called  2\ircos, 

Spanish  Brutus  (7^),  Alfonso 
Perez  de  Guzman,  governor  of  Tariftt  in 
1298.  Here  he  was  besieged  hy  lii« 
inftmt  don  Juan,  who  had  Guzman  s  aon 
in  his  power,  and  threatened  to  kill  knak 
unless  Tarifa  was  given  uf).  Atf«n« 
replied,  '*  Sooner  than  be  guilty  of  §mek 
treason,  I  will  lend  Juan  a  dagger  to 


SPAKI8H  cusatb: 


985 


SPABTAN  DOG. 


ttany  mA  hit  thnat ;  **  And  so  sajinff,  he 
toMed  his  dagger  orer  the  wall.  Jaani 
unable -to  appreciate  this  patriotism,  slew 
the  young  man  without  remorse. 

*«*  Lopd  de  Yega  has  dramatized  this 
ineiaent. 

SiMUiish  Curate  {The).  Lopez.^ 
BcaiuBont  and  Fktcher,  Tm  Spanish 
Curaie  (1622). 

Spanish  Fryar  {7%e),  a  drama  by 
Dryden  (1680).  It  contains  two  plots, 
wholly  independent  of  each  other.  The 
aerioaa  element  is  this:  Leonora,  the 
nsarpin^  queen  of  Aragon,  is  promised 
in  nutrnage  to  duke  Bertran,  a  prince  of 
the  blood ;  but  is  in  love  with  Torrismond 

Snenl  of  the  arrav^  who  turns  out  to  be 
e  son  and  heir  of  king  Sancho,  supposed 
to  be  dead.  Sancho  is  restored  to  his 
throne,  and  Leonora  marries  Torrismond. 
The  comic  element  is  the  illicit  love  of 
colonel  Lorenzo  for  Elvira,  the  wife  of 
Gomez  a  rich  old  banker.  Dominick  (the 
Spaniah  fryar)  helps  on  this  scandalous 
amour,  but  it  turns  out  that  Lorenzo  and 
Elvira  are  brother  and  sister. 

fi^EMioiBh  I«ady  (7^),  a  ballad  con- 
tained in  Percy's  Seliques,  ii.  28.  A 
Spanish  lady  fell  in  love  with  captain 
Popham,  whose  prisoner  she  was.  A 
oomnuuid  being  sent  to  set  all  the  pri- 
soners free,  the  ladv  prajred  the  gallant 
caption  to  make  ner  his  wife.  The 
Englishman  replied  that  be  could  not 
do  so,  as  he  was  married  already.  Gn 
hearing  this,  the  Spanish  lady  gave  him 
a  chain  of  gold  and  a  pearl  bracelet  to 
take  to  his  wife,  and  told  him  that  she 
should  retire  to  a  nunnery  and  spend  the 
rest  of  her  life  praying  for  their  happiness. 

It  will  to  ilMk  ap  witti  tiM  ballMl  «r  Jra>yM«r«  MmT 
r«^.]  mad  tb0  SpmnUk  Ladjf.  asaimt  th«  walk  of  cvetr 
-*••--  to  ttM  ^Boutiy.— laae  BklMntOr,  Lorn  in  a 
070). 


Spanish    Main  (Jhe),  the  coast 
alons  the  north  part  of  South  America. 


IBtoanish  Tra^^y  (TV),  hy  T. 
Kyd  (1597).  Horatio  (son  of  Uieronimo) 
is  mordered  while  he  is  sitting  in  an 
arbour  with  Belimperia.  Balthuar,  the 
rival  of  Horatio,  commits  the  murder, 
tifisted  by  Belimperia's  brother  Lorenzo. 
The  morderere  hang  the  dead  body  on  a 
tree  in  the  garden,  where  Hieronimo, 
roused  by  the  cries  of  Belimperia,  dis- 
covers it,  and  goes  raving  mad. 

Spanker  (Lady  Gay),  in  Landon  Ai- 
,  by  D.  Boucicanlt  (1841). 


•ad  Mr  Chif  flpanIrM"  "act 
b«  droppMl  oat  of  Um  ttrt  of  Mtiof  |^ivi>— 


wm 
Fsrcjr 

Sparabella»  a  shepherdess  in  love 
with  D'Urfey,  but  D*Urfey  loves  Clum'- 
silis,  **the  uurest  shepherd  wooed  ^e 
foulest  lass.**  Sparabella  resolves  to  kill 
herself  ;  but  how  ?  Shall  she  cut  her 
windpipe  with  a  penknife?  **No,"  she 
says,  *^  squeaking  pigs  die  so.**  Shall 
she  suspend  herself  to  a  tree  ?  **  No," 
she  says,  **dog8  die  in  that  fashion.'* 
Shall  she  drown  herself  in  the  pool? 
'*No,**  she  saprs,  "scolding  queans  die 
so.**  And  while  in  doubt  how  to  kill 
herself,  the  sun  goes  down,  and 

The  pradmt  maklM  deoMd  tt  tfiMi  too  latab 
And  tlU  to-aofrowflane  deterad  her  Iktai 

Oty,  rmitmrat,  IIL  (1714). 

Qparkishy  '*  the  prince  of  coxcombs,*' 
a  fashionable  fool,  and  **  a  cuckold  before 
marriage.**  Sparkish  is  engaged  to 
Alithea  Moody,  but  introduces  to  her 
his  friend  Harcourt,  allows  him  to  make 
love  to  her  before  his  &ce,  and.  of  course, 
is  jilted.—!^  Countru  Girl  (Garrick, 
altered  from  Wycheriv*8  Country  Wife, 
1675).  *        ^  » 

wmiam  MouDtfoid  nsSO-ianj  floorldMd  in  diji  wb«a 
tiM  rantinc  tratadta  of  Nat  Lee  and  the  Jini^  pfaiys  of 
Dryden  ...  held   po— iuo  oT  the  etaaa.     Hkmo^ 


Dryden  .  .  .  held  po—ioo  of  the  etaaa. 
taqwrtant  characters  ware  "Alexander  th»  Great"  i6y 
£«el  and  "OMtaUo,"  In  the  Orp*<m  [Ay  OdMyt  Qbber 
hlghlr  oommeMk  hto  "  SparkUi."— Dutton  Cook 


Sparkler  (EdmHnd)^  son  of  Mrs. 
Merdle  by  her  first  husband.  He  married 
Fanny,  sistor  of  Little  Dorrit.  Edmund 
Sparkler  was  a  very  large  man,  called 
in  his  own  regiment,  **  Quinbus  Flestrin, 
junior,  or  the  Young  Bfan-Mountain.** 

Mrt,  Spar/tier,  Edmund*s  wife.  She  was 
very  pretty,  veiy  self-willed,  and  snubbed 
her  husband  in  most  approved  fashion. — 
C.  Dickens,  Little  Ihrni  (1857). 

Sparsit  (Mrs,),  housekeeper  to  Josiah 
Bounderby,  banker  and  mill-owner  at 
Coketown.  Mrs.  Sparsit  is  a  "highly 
connected  lady,'*  being  the  g^^eat-niece  of 
lady  Scadgers.  She  had  a  **Coriolanian 
nose,  and  dense  black  ey elbows,'*  was 
much  believed  in  by  her  master,  who, 
when  he  married,  made  her  "keeper  of 
the  bank.**  Mrs.  Sparsit,  in  collusion 
with  the  light  portor  Bitzer,  then  acted 
the  spy  on  Mr.  Bounderby  and  his  young 
wife.— C.  Dickens,  Hard  Times  (1864). 

Spartan  Broth,  sorry  fare. 

The  promolen  woald  ho  tedoeei  lo  dine  «i  B^artan 
broth  in  Leiceelerflkiitare.— lto<|y  iTmi.  Febraair  JS^  IflTH 


Spcurtan  Dog  (^),  a  bloodhoand. 

MoiaMlttian 


O  Spartan  dof  I 
'  a.  hoaaer,  or  the  lea  I  ,^ 
Ot*ello.aetT.n.t(]iiniJ^ 


8PABTAN  HOTHBR. 


Bpartaa  Kofcher  (The)  nid  to  ker 
son  gomg  to  batde,  as  8h«  handed  him 
his  ■nield,  **  My  son,  return  toith  this  or 
on  it,**  t.f.  come  back  with  it  as  a  con- 
oneror  or  be  brought  back  on  it  as  one 
uain  in  fight,  bat  by  no  means  be  a 
fagitive  or  saiEer  the  enemy  to  be  the 
victorious  party. 

wBjr  Awdd  I  not  pby 
Ifaart 


Spamodic  School  (The)^  certain 
authors  of  the  nineteenth  centory,  whose 
writings  abound  in  spasmodic  phrases, 
startling  expressions,  and  woids  nsed  out 
of  tiiieir  common  acceptation.  Carlyle, 
noted  for  his  Germanic  English,  is  the 
chief  of  tibie  school.  Others  are  Bailev 
author  of  Justus,  Sydney  Dobell,  Gil- 
fillan,  Tennyson,  and  Alexander  Smith. 

%*  Professor  Aytovn  has  gibbeted  this 
dau  of  writers  in  his  Fimwian,  a  8pa9' 
modic  Tragedy  (1854). 

Spear.    When  a  king  of  the  ancient 

Caledonians  abdicated,  he  gave  his  spear 

to  his  successor,  and  "  raised  a  stone  on 

high  "  as  a  record  to  future  generations. 

Beneath  the  stone  he  placed  a  sword  in 

the  earth  and  "  one  bright  boss  from  his 

shield.** 

Wbca  tbon,  O  fhNM,  4mI1  moaUer  down  and  Iom 
tiMe  In  the  moa  of  yfmxt,  then  ahatl  the  tnn^IIflr  eame. 
«nd  whMttng  nan  wncy.  .  .  .  H«re  Fbigal  rarfgned  hlta 
afwar  after  the  kut  of  hb  fMda.— <MaB.  reaiem.  wMk 

Spear  ( The  Forward)^  a  sign  of  hostility. 

In  the  Ossianic  tim^  when  a  stranger 

landed  on  a  coast,  if  he  held  the  point  of 

his  spear  forwards^  it  indicated   hostile 

intentions;    bat  if   he   held   the   point 

behind  him,  it  was  a  token  that  he  came 

as  a  friend. 

"Are  hla  hvoaa  aaaay!"  aid  OaMMr:  "and  Ifit  ba 
tiieapear  of  battle,  or  cooMt  the  king  In  peace t**  "In 
peaee  he  coomi  not.  king  of  Irfa.  I  }mm  Men  hb  lot- 
ward  apear."— Oolan,  Ttmonk,  L 

Sl>earof  Aohm^  TelSphos,  son- 
in-law  of  Priam,  opposed  the  Greeks  in 
their  voyage  to  Troy.  A  severe  contest 
ensued,  and  AchiUds  with  his  spear 
wounded  the  Mysian  king  severely.  He 
was  told  by  an  oracle  that  the  wound 
could  be  cured  only  by  the  instniment 
which  gave  it ;  so  he  sent  to  Acbillds  to 
effect  his  cure.  The  surly  Greek  replied 
he  was  no  physician,  and  would  nave 
dismissed  tne  messengers  with  scant 
courtesy,  but  Ulysses  whispered  in  his 
ear  that  the  aid  of  Tele{)ho8  was  reouired 
to  direct  them  on  their  way  to  Troy. 
Achillas  now  scraped  some  rust  from  his 
spear,  which,  being  applied  to  the  wound, 
healed  it.  This  so  conciliated  Telephos 
thai  he  conducted  the  fioet  to  Troy,  and 


even  took  part 
father-in-law. 

Achm^  and  kh 
Pain  fliM.  and 


m  tlM  wnr 


(UBSV 


For  be  cootbe  with  U  boihe  beale  and 
Chaneer.  CckmUrtmtg  Talm  (**  Ibe 

WbOM  aBile  and  trawn.  Mke  to 
b  able  with  the  chaitfle  to  Ua  and 

8hakeq>eare.  S  B«nrjf  TJ.  act  r.  k.  1  (UR}. 

*«*  Probably  Telephof  was  cared  by 
the  plant  caUed  AchUlea  (milfoil  or 
yarrow),  still  used  in  medicine  as  atonic 
**  The  leaves  were  at  one  time  much  need 
for  healing  wounds,  and  are  still  cm- 
pioyed  for  this  purpose  in  Sootfamd, 
Germany,  France,  and  other  conntriea." 
AdiiU^  (the  man)  made  the 
MhUles  (the  plant)  healed  it. 

Spears  of  SpTlngho^w  ( The  Tktee)^ 
in  the  troop  of  Fitzurse.— Sir  W.  Scott» 
Ivanhoe  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Speech  ascribed  to  Dumb  Ani- 
mals. AI  Borak,  the  animal  which 
conveved  Mahomet  to  the  seventii  heaven 
(p.  17) ;  Arlon,  the  wonderful  horse  which 
Hercul^  gave  to  Adrastos  (p.  51) ;  Ba- 
laam's ass  (Nmnib,  xxii.  28-«)) :  the  black 
pigeons  of  DodOna  (p.  2fi9,  art.  Doi>oif  a)  ; 
CMRiade,  Fortonio*8  horse  (p.  966);  Ka*- 
mfr,  the  dog  of  the  Seven  SIcmrs  (p. 
506) ;  Sftl^^s  camel  (p.  868);  Ifemiym, 
king  of  the  serpents  (p.  981) ;  Xmrthos,  the 
horse  of  Achillas.  FrithjofeslBp,.SV«Mfci, 
could  not  speak,  but  it  undevstood  whnft 
was  said  to  it  (p.  905). 

Speech  grren  to  Conceal 
Thought.  La  parole  a  A€  donnee  h 
Phomme  pour  d^jnieer  la  penser  or  ponar 
raider  h  cacher  sa  penstfe,  Tallejrnmd 
is  usually  credited  with  Uiis  sentence, 
but  captun  Gronow,  in  his  HecoUectkms 
(ifM^  ulnAxfo^  asseits  that  the  words 
those  of  count  Montrond,  a  wit  and 
called  **  the  most  agreeable 
most  pleasant  icprobata  ia  tbe  ooai  o< 
Marie  Antoinetteu 

Voltaire,  in  Le  Chapon  el  la  Pomlarde^ 
says :  "  lis  n'eni|iloyent  lee  paroles  ^e 
pour  d^;uiser  leurspensees.** 

Goldsmith,  in  I%e  Bee,  iiL  (October 
20, 1759),  has  borrowed  the  same  thought : 
'*The  true  use  of  speech  is  not  so  raudk  to 
express  our  wants  as  to  conceal  tibem.** 

Speech-Makers  {Bad). 

Addison  could  not  make  a  speech.  He 
attempted  once  in  the  House  of  Commons, 
and  said,  **Mr.  Speaker,  1  coneeive---t 

conceive,  sir— sir,  I  conceive "  Where- 

upon  a  member  endaiiwfd,  "The  niiki 


9i7 


sravDU. 


9§  fetelfl  km  coh- 
QMTed  thric«»  an4  broagiit  fofth  mollinif?.'* 

Oampbsu*  (ZkoMtu)  oBG«  tried  to  make 
m  speech,  but  so  stattered  and  ftaoMBeied 
thai  the  whola  taUe  waa  aoamlaed  with 
laoKhter. 

CiCKBO,  the  great  orator,  never  got  over 
bis  aervoua  tenror  tiU  he  warmea  to  his 


Irving  {Washington) ^  even  with  a 
■peell  wfHfearMt  aa^  liid  before  him, 
oMiid  hM  ddiw  HwillKNit  a  breakdown, 
lb  fact,  be  ooold  hardty  attar  a  woid  in 
imbllc  withavl  ttamUiii^. 

Meom  {Tkoma^  aoald  never  niahe  a 
apaecfa. 

(DielKM  aad  princa  Albeit  always 
s^akawall  aad  flvently.) 

Spe^d*  an  inveterate  punster  and  the 
clownish  servant  of  Valentine  one  o|  the 
taro  **iantlemcn  of  TerDDa."— ^hahe- 
a^Kiare.  7%e  Tvo  GetUUmen  of  Verona  (1594). 


Pope.  Mimtfy  •»  iili  {jnm. 


Speed  thm  nouxh,  a  eomedy  by 
fkotnas  If orlmi  (1799).  Parmer  Ash- 
fleM  brings  vp  a  bey  mnned  nenry, 
|fK«llyb4l«v«*  by  everyone.  This  Henry 
IS  in  reality  the  son  of  **  Morrington, 
^vnfeer  bietfcer  of  sir  TMip  Blandford. 
Tbe  two  bioWieis  ilxed  tlieir  love  on  the 
saaM  lady,  bat  the  yottiuper  married  her, 
wfcewwpoB  sir  PMlIp  stabbed  him  to  the 
heart  and  fatly  tbongbt  him  to  be  dead, 
but  after  twenty  3rears  the  wounded  man 
i^«4iippearsd  and  ebifued  bts  son.  ffcnry 
■NUiiea  hik  eeailii  Rmma  Blandford ; 
dMd  thafMVie^s  daughter,  8asau,  marries 
K^iert  only  sea  of  sir  Abel  Handy. 

BpenloW  {Mr,)^  father  of  Dora 
{^.tu).  He  was  a  proctor,  to  whom  David 
teppniiold  was  avtided.  Hr.  Spenlow 
-ir*a  kMed  iir  a  cenWe  aeddent. 

Miimt  Lavmia  aad-  €9miaer  BpeniUm, 
tva  yintttar  aaaita  ol  I>%i%  fl{>enlew,  with 
whom  she  lived  at  the  death  of  her  father* 

•  IMk  riMvL  ^nuM  war  <* 


SpexSB  (^Sk*   7%i/rMRft),  a  Scotch  hen>| 
■t  fai  the  winter-time  on  a  mission  to 
Harway.    Rfs  ship,  in  its  home  passage, 
wreehed  against  the  Papa  Stronsav, 
^  ercry  one  on  board  was  lost.     The 
Meat  has  fMiished  the  snb)ect  of  a 
Sid  Beirtch  bkaUad. 


SpenHf*  Prom  Sfmmr  io  Fteeknoe^ 
that  is,  from  the  top  to  the  bottom  of  all 
poetry  ;  from  the  sublime  to  the  ridi- 
cnloas. — Dryden,  Comment  o»  Sptnaor^  etc, 

Spenfier'B  Monuinent,  in  West- 
minster Abbey,  was  erected  by  Anne  Clif- 
ford coantess  of  Dorset. 

Spider  Cure  foot  Fever  (A). 


(Mujr  bWM  tm  the  f#w,  Hiy  Mwdii  wwnv  of  liwfefWt 
For  It  It  Be«,  Jlk«  tiMt  flf  «■  «old  Ac^iM  ottSMa*. 
OBTBd  Dgr  tbe  wearing  a  tflAnt  hung  roand  one's  neck  la  a 


>.a.«(lS«K 

Spiders  {UiUnckii  to  Mft\,  This 
esaacially  fsiees  to  Clieae  small  spiders 
called  "money-spinners,"  v^ich  prog- 
nosticate geod  luck.  PrebaUy  beeaase 
they  appear  in  greater  numbers  on  a  fine 
pioming;  although  some  say  the  fine  day 
IS  the  precansor  of  rain. 


*  flpeneer    JW  Sptmter  ofEmgli^kProm 
ITn&^taMiy  Xaylot  (lfil»-16e7). 


nnen  bM  token  or  divynalliM.  aad  of  kaowtQi  what 
wvdier  dial  M,  for  oft  hj  wedara  Unit  abal  U  aome  »piii 
aad  Wta  Mghor  and  kwrer.  and  wiultytoide  ol  apjrtinen 
ewr  balakea  anoehe  naraa  awtkalatt  Dt  ff^viidatihu 
Jtomm,  xvilL  UA  {WA). 

Spiders  Indicators  ef  Oold.  In 
tbe  sixteenth  oentuiy  it  was  geaenlly 
said  that  "  Spiders  be  trae  sages  of  great 
stores  of  gold ) "  ami  the  proverb  arose 
thus :  While  a  passage  to  Catbay  was  being 
sought  by  the  north-west,  a  man  brongfat 
home  a  stone,  which  was  proMMnoed  te 
be  gold,  and  auned  saeh  a  fenaeni  that 
several  vessels  were  fitted  out  for  the 
ezMMH  parpaas  of  collecting  gold.  Fro- 
bisher,  in  1577.  found,  in  one  of  the  islands 
on  wkieh  he  landed,  similar  stones,  and 
an  eaormoas  iMunbar  of  i^iNss. 

Spider's  If et  {A).  Iflien  Mshomet 
^d  from  Mecca,  he  hid  in  a  cave,  and  a 
spider  wove  Its  net  over  the  entrance. 
When  the  KorefiAites  came  thither,  they 
passed  on,  being  fully  persuaded  that  na 
one  had  eatered  the  catre,  beeftnsethe  eeb- 
web  was  not  broken. 

In  the  Talvmdf  we  are  ttjdthat  David, 
in  his  flight,  hid  himself  in  tbe  cave  of 
Adullam,  and  a  spider  spun  its  net  over  the 
opening.  When  Saul  came  up  and  saw 
the  cobweb,  he  passed  on,  under  the  same 
persuasion. 

Spidireen  ( The) .  If  a  sailor  is  asked 
to  what  ship  he  belongs,  and  does  not 
choose  to  tell,  he  ^y\  "  I'he  spidireen 
frigate  with  nine  decks. 

Officers  who  do  not  choose  to  tell  their 
quarters,  give  B.K.S.  as  their  address, 
t.4t 


Spindtte  (t^M*)}  Ithe  son  of  a  man  of 
isitaeu*  llaHug  wasted  his  money  in 
riotous  living,  he  went  to  a  friend  to  bor« 


SPIRIT  OP  THS  CAPE. 


SPOONS. 


row£iOO.  **  Let  me  eee,  jon  w«ai  ^00, 
Mr.  Spindle ;  let  me  lee,  would  not  £50  do 
for  the  present?"  **WeU/'  taid  Jack, 
<<  if  you  have  not  £100, 1  most  be  contented 
with  £60."  "  Dear  me,  Mr.  Spindle !  " 
•aid  the  friend,  "  I  and  1  have  but  £20 
about  me.**  **  Never  mind,**  said  Jack, 
'*  I  must  borrow  the  other  £S0  of  eome 
other  friend."  **Jnit  so,  Mr.  Spindle, 
just  so.  By-tbe-by,  would  it  not  be  far 
better  to  borrow  the  whole  of  that  friend, 
and  then  one  note  of  hand  will  serve  for 
the  whole  tmm?  Good  morning,  Mr. 
Spindle ;  delighted  to  see  yon  I  To»,  aee 
the  gentleman  down."— QoMamitii,  Xht 
Bee,m.  (1769). 

Spirit  of  the  Oape  (Tkey,  Ad»- 

roastor,  a  hideous  phantom,  of  anearthly 

pallor,  **  erect  his  hair  uprose  of  witherra 

red,"  his  lips  were  black,  his  teeth  blue 

and  disjointed,  his  beard  haggard,  his 

face  scarred  by  li|^htning,  his  eyes  '*  ^ot 

livid  fire,"  his  voice  roared.      The  sailors 

trembled  at  the  sight  of  him,  and  the  fiend 

demanded   how  Uiey  dared  to  tresplMs 

**  where    never    hero   braved    his    nge 

before?"   He  then  told  them  <*  that  every 

year  the  shipwrecked  should  be  made  to 

deplore  their  foolhardiness."    According 

to  Harreto,  the  "  Spirit  of  the  Cape,"  was 

one  of  the  giants  who  stormed  heaven. 

— Oamoens,  The  Ltuiad  (1672). 

In  MM  Mm  SpMt  oftlM  Omw  iMboU  .  . . 

Ihrt  rock  by  ]WHI  tk»  "Ctope of  Tii  niih''  — wi  .  .  . 

With  wlde<«tn«olMd  pllw  1  mmtd  .  .  . 

Omft  AiMMMcr  ii  agr  4niiM  BMM. 

Ctal»v. 

Spirit  of  the  Xonntain  (2V), 
that  peculiar  melancboly  sound  whkdi  pre- 
cedes a  heavy  storm,  very  obeervaUe  is 
hilly  and  mountainous  couatriea. 

Tho  wind  WM  abraad  la  ttM  odu.   lb*  Mrik  of  «v 
MoonMn  nmrad.   The  MMt  «mm  tm/Umg  Uiroi^  Um 


Qpili^  tiie  Holjr  Ghost  as  the  fHend 
of  man,  personified  in  canto  ix.  of  Tk« 
Purpfe  laiand,  by  Pbineas  Fletcher  (1638). 
He  was  mairtea  to  Urania,  and  their  oflf- 
spring  are:  Knowledge^  Contemplation, 
f^are.  Humility,  Obedience,  Faith  or 
Fido,  Penitence,  Elpi'nns  or  Hope,  and 
Love  the  foster-son  of  Gkatitude.  (Latin, 
spiHtut,  *' spirit.*') 

Spitfire  (Tfi/0  or  Will  Spittal, 
serving-boy  of  Roger  Wildrake  the  dis- 
sipated royalist— Sir  W.  Scott,  Wood- 
stock  (time,  (Commonwealth). 

Spittle  Cure  fbr  JUiBdnese. 
Spilile  was  once  deemed  a  fovereign 
remedy  for  o|»htbalmia.— Plioy,  IfafmtJ 
fiUtry,  xxviii.  7* 


V  Th«  l»fi>>^  iMu  rastofvd  to  sight  br 
Vespasian  was  cnnd  by  aoeintiag  bum 
eyes  with  spittle. — ^Tacitus,  BtMimTf,  ir, 
81  ;  SueioBitts,  Vespamamy  viL 

WlnBM^aM«)lMd  UMMw^Bm.  Ho  i|wio«liiipiiiiC 
•ad  made  diqr  of  tbo  iplttie.  and  He  woinloi  (k»  ««■  ef 
tiM  Utod  man  with  Um  chy.    ,/ofcw  b.  C 

He  onoietfi  Co  PciCl— Ma ;  aad  thefbrtBg  aMtei  ■■■ 
mlaUte,  ...  and  Ho  took  the  Ubid  bm*  hf  tte  I 
aad . . .  when  He  bad  Hdt  oa  Ua  cfoe .  .  .  H 


Spontaneous  Oombofltioii. 
are  above  thirty  cases  oo  reeovd  ef  death 
by  tpontanaous  oombastion,  the  most 
fiimons  being  that  of  the  awntew  Cor- 
nelia di  Baom  Ctaenat^  which  was  moat 
minutely  investigated.  In  1731,  ^  0«i-> 
seppd  Biaochinl,  a  prebenduy  of  verooa. 

The  next  most  noted  instanee  oocurrsd 
at  Kheims,  in  1725,  and  is  authenticated 
by  no  less  an  authority  than  Moo.  Le  Cat, 
the  celebrated  physiaan. 

Messrs.  Fodertfand  Mere  farrestigate^ 
the  subject  of  spontaneous  oombvrtion, 
and  gave  it  aa  weir  fixed  e^uaioe  that 
instances  of  death  fro»  mm  a  < 
cannot  be  doubted. 

In  voL  vi.  of  the  PhiUmuMoai 
aciioniy  and  in  the  En^tuh  Mcdioal 
pntdenoe^  the  subject  is  carefoily  invcati- 
gated,  and  reveial  fTsmplas  am  citml  m 
confirmation  of  the  fact. 

Joaeph  Battaglia,  a  suigaee  of  Ponta 
Bosio,  gives  in  detail  the  case  d  don  G. 
Maria  Bertholi,  a  priest  of  mount  Vaknus. 
While  reading  hu  breviary,  the  body  of 
this  priest  burst  iato  flamea  in  sc^nNal 
parts,  as  the  arms,  back,  and  head.  The 
sleeves  of  his  shiit,  a  haodkerohisf ,  and 
his  skull-cap  were  all  moss  or  leas  coe- 
sumed.  He  survived  the  iniuiy  four 
days.  (This  seems  to  me  more  like 
an  electrical  attack  than  as  inataace  ef 
spontaneous  combustion.) 


[E^EK>ntoon.theold  oonAdentiali 
of  colonel  Talbot.— Sir  W.  Seott»  IToMfw 
hy  (time,  Cieoige  II.). 

Spoon.    OnenMdb  ahtu  tp$mt»«ai 
with  ike  deva.—Oid  Proverb. 


TnflmOIV  MOOVWi  BIBi  a  m  J 

Tkat  ihall  ale  witk  a  fend. 


Spoons  (Oimif),  U  was  castomary 
at  one  time  for  sponsors  at  chiisten- 
in|^  to  give  ffilt  >poons  as  an  offering  to 
their  goochilcL  Inese  spoons  had  on  the 
handle  the  figure  of  one  of  the  aposUea 
oi  evanfielists,  and  hence  were  caUed 
"  Apostle  spoons."  The  wealthy  would 
give  the  twelve  apoetiea,  those  of  less 
opoienoe  the  fosr  evasgeuits,  and  o<he*a 
again  a 


spmus. 


9t» 


SPURS  OP  GOLD. 


Tin.  Mkt  Cnusmer  lo  be  godfiithcr  to 
•••  ftur  yowuc  imad."  Cnuuner  veplies, 
••  Hmr  may  I  descito  wch  h<moiir,  that 
am  a  poor  and  bumble  sabject?**  The 
kiiur  rejoins,  "Oome,  come,  my  lord, 
yo«M  spare  your  spoons.'*— Shakespeara, 
iimry  r///.  aet  r.  se.  2  (i«dl). 

8uK>ru8.  Under  this  name,  Pope 
satirized  lord  John  Herrey,  «Nierally 
eaJlled  *'  loid  Panay,**  fsam  lus  effeminate 
babits  and  appeacanee.  He  was  *'  half 
wit,  half  fool,  half  man,  half  bean.** 
Lord  Jofaii  Herrey  was  ▼ice-eliambarlain 
im  178%  md  Uttd  piivy  seal  fai  174Qi 


*^S 


ttiliis#C 

white  enrd  of 
Mi 


I 


Tuf^PrtUgm  to  tk0  aatltm  Qirt^ 


*«*  This   lord  John  Henrey  married 
tfw\eaiitiiiil  HoUy  Upel;  kmm  Pk»pe 


Sopertola 
vbaii  HerrvgrtlM 


&P.Q.B.,tlw 
are  the  kutiab  ef 


Tfce  letteis 
Fopmlut  Out 


«(tt*  a.  r.  Q.  m-o.  A.  ad»  (*#»«Mak  Aidu  U7D. 

Sprmekliag  (Jctepk),  a  mon^-lender 
MMi  a  self-made  man. 

Thoimu  l^fraeUmgy  his  brother,  and  ec|Dal 
in  rognefy.— Wybert  Beev«,  Pctrted, 

Qprat   I>ai7.  Norember  9,  the  first 
day  of  sprat-selling  in  the  streets.     The 
hurts  abont  ten  weeks. 


Sprenger  (Lomis),  Annette  Yeikfaen^s 
haehelor.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Jiimtf  <^  Gem-^ 
-'      (time,  Edwafd  IV.). 


Bmicbtay  {Miu  JTSMy),  «be  ward  of 
air  Gilbert  Pumpkin  of  Stmwbeny  Halt 
Misa  Kkty  it  a  gnat  kctress,  bat  stase- 
alrack,  a&d  when  captain  Charies  Stanky 
ia  faifttodaced,  she  falls  in  lore  with  him, 
ftnt  as  a  *' pUy  aetor,"  and  then  in  reamy. 
—I.  Jaekmaa,  Aa  ^  WorkPt  m  Stage/ 

Bj^ring  (A  Sacred),  The  ancient 
Sabincs,  in  times  of  great  national  danger. 
Towed  to  the  sods  *^a  sacred  spring*^ 
{ver  wacnun),  if  th^  would  remove  we 
oao^.  That  is,  all  the  children  bom 
danng  the  next  spring  were  **held 
sacred,**  and  at  the  age  of  20  were  com- 
pelled to  leare  tiieir  couatej  and  seek  fbr 
themaelves  a  new  home. 

Spri^f.    (Sec  SsASOira.) 

Bpiinm'HmA  Jack.  Themarqniaof 
Wateifora,  in  the  eady  parts  of  the  nine- 
f  nsed  to  amnse !»»«"— tf  hy 


springing  on  trarellers  unawares,  to  terrify 
them ;  and  from  time  to  time  otiiers  have 
followed  his  silly  example.  Even  so  late 
as  1877-«,  an  officer  in  her  majesty's  ser- 
vice caused  much  excitement  in  the 
garrisons  stationed  at  Aldershot,  Col- 
chester, and  elsewhere,  by  his  *<  spring- 
heel'*  pnuiks.  In  Chidiester  and  its 
neighbourhood  the  tales  told  of  this 
adventurer  caused  quite  a  little  panic, 
and  many  nervous  people  were  afraid  to 
venture  out  after  sunset,  for  fear  of  being 
**spraitt'*  npoa.  I  myself  investigated 
some  of  the  cases  reported  to  me,  but 
found  them  far  the  most  part  Fakenham 
ghost  tales. 

Ludwig  Margrave 
ingia  was  so  called,  because  he 
escaped  nom  Giebichenstein,  in  the 
eleventh  eentaiy,  by  lea|^  ever  the 


Springer  (7^). 
of  tliuriniria  was  m 


lE^rinklam   (Sbip   Water),  Danish 
clubs,   with   spiked  balla  faataned.  to 


BprtUM,  ICC.  (QuOabi),  In  Lemd  Me 
linr  Skmmge,  by  J.  M.  Moiton  (1764- 

8praoh4h;>recher  (The)  or  "sayer 
of  sayings**  to  the  archduke  of  Austria. 
—Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Talisman  (time. 
Sichaid  I  ^ 

Spmna'dcn*,  piiDoe  Arthur^s  horse. 
Se  eaUed  from  the  foam  of  its  aMmtfa, 
which  indicated  its  Aery  temper. — 
Spenser,  FeOr^  Qmen,  ii.  (15M). 
V  In  tiM  Mabimiakm,  his  fimMirite 
ue  is  called  Uamrn  (**  the  enrwter  **). 


Spurs  {The  Battle  of),  the  battle  of 
(Tttinnegate,  in  1518,  between  Henry 
YIII.  and  Vbtt  due  de  Longneville.  So 
called  because  the  French  used  their 
spurs  in  flight  more  tiian  their  swords  in 
iH^    (See  Spubs  or  Gold,  etc) 

Spmm  {Todiehitp  the),  to  give  ooe^s 
gne^  a  hint  to  go ;  to  maunder  on  when 
the  orator  has  nothing  of  importance  to 
smr.  During  the  time  of  the  bolder  fends, 
when  a  great  family  had  come  to  an  end 
ol  their  provisions,  the  Udy  of  the  house 
sent  to  table  a  dish  of  spurs,  as  a  hint 
that  the  guests  must  spar  their  horses  on 
for  fresh   imids   before  tiiey  could   be 


,  U«M 

toptacsM  ttw  IbWb  ■  dlih  which.  OB 

^.  VM  ffomid  to  eoatala  a  yttUtt  of  ekMi 

«•  tiMridmUnt  thcgr  mm  Atfl  for  tha 

(BMradU.KLiUi 


^paoem  of  CMd  {Bame  ef  the),  the 


8QUAB. I 

batik  d1  CMftny,  tb*  wMt  HHifld)!* 
iu  Flcmiib  iittarr  {Jmlj  11,  ISOi). 
Here  ttie  Fnnch  vne  attcrlr  iwtad,  nd 
70U  sold  apon  wtn  king  M  tro|4ii<i  in 
tlH  ckvreli  of  Notn  IMn*  da  Cowtwy. 
It  ia  calied  in  Frenoli  Jmtroi'tdet^imm 
•fOr,     (Sm  irultit,  Tnb  lUntM  M^ 


SlBV 


by  loid  Buobutei. 
SllTufb  Fie,  a 


FislSngT  novel"  »Tled    TV 


boya    HaU,   Yorkihin,   a    vnlgkrj    can- 


im.  craipiBgi*.-      -  -       

boya  pocket  maiKy,  clothe*  bia  MB  ia 
tbrir  best  loiti,  bait  itarvM  tbcm,  Nid 
toKhes  them  next  to  DotUng.  TTIti- 
matclT,  he  ia  tnoapoitcd  for  porloiatug 

J/n!  f^iiMTt,  wife  of  Mr.  WacVfnrd, 
•  rav-boMd,  bm^  hwriitw  *itW<>, 
(rfthoat  eae  apMk  of  weaMal;  Itelii^ 
loi  the  hayi  pM  undai  barekupi. 

Mitt  Fbmg  SfMm.  daagUer  at  tii* 

la«hn.     Vnn  tfaa 

d  •  voice  of  buawo 
Uie  latter  &  remarkn 
he  right  pye."    Uim 

•ilhKicliolaiiIIickl»- 
id  apitf  a  him  becauae 
3e  soft  impvacfament, 
Squetri,  aon  ot  the 
•^HHtlmiMflT,    a    tpollt   boy,    «h«    waa 

He    n«    DTCrbMrtne,    Mlf-wilM,    and 
le.— C.  Dickmi,  MiMai  SicUihg 


BqTteese  (^i"),  ■  lannAmkei'i 
dangbtcT.  Her  fatJier  bad  «riy  Uagtit 
her  tbit  money  ia  tbe  "  one  tiling  need- 
ftil."  and  at  death  left  bn  a  ■odents 


t  ttM/n^ 


a«vn  pert  viM  » 
e«idnfai^  aM  n( 
haoHtaa  Ae  teM  pi 
aonght  bet  noaay  ai 
>fc«  la  <M  Md  ni4 


one.— tiolteBiifa,  J  Ob^MA/ttf  t^iS 
iiviii.  {1769). 

Sqnliit  (£dwt«r),  tlM  KMat  p^iUdaa 
•faMae^.  He  uakea  apaadiea  for  Ban- 
ban  of  jMrliaiWDt,  write*  addMa— ,  icina 
lb*  kiaUMy  of  amar  ac*  play,  and  flods 


paiatM  (uao- 

1666). 

ILt.},    Oeoeie   Whilv- 

called  by  Foote  in  hi*  to** 
itied  T!u!  Mkt  (I7I4-1TT«). 

n*    RcT.   Sdnid 


(ft-.). 


■  •blipityofHM.' 


Diaperuarfl  heaaa.  If 
II  III  laapiaiMJCjTj— WiiSfae 


fiQOOB. 


•41 


RTAMDASl). 


1712.) 

Bauod  {.PhS)y  a  gtotesoiie  little  fellow, 
fkithftilly  attached  to  Mr.  George  tbe 
•on  of  Mrs.  Rouncewell  (housekeeper  at 
fihrnqr  Wold).  George  hod  iMOMd  the 
ttttto  itRcit  Mat  fnMn  ^Im  giMer,  a«« 
tiM  b^  fiwi  ««  Qu»iyi*>  «*3ho««ftM 
Oalleqr'*  in  liiinf  Simv  (UMo»>. 
Mil  iM*  reMwkftbk  far  Itmfritttf  along 


ayt,  as  tt  ««tMkltag.'*-<l  DtekeMs 
^l«a  lAiW  <18M). 

8.    8^  acfAvenance^  foiget-ne-ncity  in 
remembfance,  a  sowoenir. 


be«iin«Mhcndxoai«l  klm.«n4 
«  lanS  «f  0mL  adoniaii'vlQi 
laio  tlM  letttnafl.(WM*«MHM««»r 
rk  9m4  to  this  haiid  wm  muommM  mi  wwin^Bwl 

^Kfcii  <■***-><§<  i^tiii^  ^  V  cai  Jiw*iu. 

8.  8.  O.  O^  the  letters  of  the 
mnchte.    ThMT  ataad  fot  ak»k, 
'Braa,<}rem  ('»%tfet/' "Stone/^  «*Graa«," 
**  Groan  *^)*    What  waa  meant  by  theia 
four  woida  is  not  known. 

Stael  iMtOimts  de)^  oalM  hf  Bsmr 
[HLme]  ^^ftjpludwMid  in  petticAaits/*  and 
A  "  lultana  of  aiinC** 

8tM{  ( 7%0)  ajmboMzoa  GhfUti  becatue 
^aocoimng  to  faUa)  it  daawv  leiipanta  by 
tta  breath  out  of  thair  kelef,  aM  tkco 
tramples  them  to  death. — Pliny,  Natural 

8^MC  or  Hind,  emblei*  «f  tbe  tdht 
of  Maphtali.  U  the  ol^  flluirsh  at  Tat* 
pess  is  a  stone  pulpit  divided  into  com- 
pminento,  eontsiara^  shields  bearing  6ie 
emblems  of  llie  Jewish  tHbes,  tbis  being 


JiAphteUlral 

1>ft*g  Kovii»  iMHi^ind  ia  ^mM  a 

safcaiwnl  agjihiit  ttmmik  ay«;.MBeaf« 
small  hom,silver-)ipped.is  often  huqg4>n 
flie  neck  of  a  c^ara,  ft  an  evil  eye  is 
flien  cast  on  the  child,  it  enters  the  nom, 
which  it  bursts  aiJonder. 


^  yoa  AOl  Bf raid  of  the  ctO  efe  t 
» yoB  •  MiS^  bannrftb  jnmr 


■LI. 


iJfsmJmttIm),  the  pi<opff«tor  of 
Hiflisliir  In  tiM  Bu'blaaa  wheselbr  secret 
iaaietf  of  "^Vtenliftae  Kni^to**  ui^  «o 
ooifiirtiw  He  wM  a  Miitd  nnm,  who 
Uwaed  M  Mr.  Bkm  Tiikpperttt,  <*1lra 
'prantlae^  ^ly**  and  oaptata  «f  Iho 
^'Riwiica  Ka^iMa.*'    But  theM  was  a 


diaparitjT  >ij>iia<ia  hi*  Words  aai  SMti- 
if  w«  may  lodge  from  this 
It   «^Oaod   «(|^   moal  mbl« 


bye,  illustrious  commander  T-'HI  aOBcctted, 
baagtfii^,  e  ifl  piy  ^h  tadsd ,  duek-i^ged 
idiot  I**  Benjamin  Stagg  was  shot  bv 
the  soldiery  in  the  Gordon  riots.— <;. 
IHckens,  BanuAy  Budge  (iBU). 

«tiifllrito  (•%«).  AiistoHaiseaUed 
the-  llfeagMt  bacMoa  ba  ww  bora  at 
ati^rlia*  ia  Ifaaadaa*  Alomat  aU  onr 
TiW|ish  Boeta  aaM  the  wosd  flta^te: 
•rPQM«  ThamaoBt  6wiit»  ByasiB, 
wartk^  B.  BMwiiin«v  «te. «  bat  M 


ttainald 

KI  ^owntng,  ^•f^M«ZnM.  L 
All  tbewMomorfheStailrtte. 


ite  tf  (te  8ii«iilto  ^«riMlHi  Ike 


tbc  Sbiaritc, 
do  not  MsvarlgM. 
BwMk  r»  i>r.S»w  Maw  (17M). 


8taiiiboiil  (2  9pl.)j  CVmstantfaiople. 


(21tfK    Louis    II.    c« 
FiaMa^  4s  Ataw  <8tfv  •77-«7»). 
HiehaeL    U.  ampeiav  si    tha    East 

(♦,  820-829). 

Notker  or  Notsar  atf   St.  Oail  (agO- 
912). 

Btatiohrtlg,  head Jmler  at  ihe  Qtaa- 


(Mme,  6earg«i !»). 

Standard.  A.  substantial  building 
for  water  supplies,  as  the  Water  Stan* 
dard  of  Combul,  the  Standard  in  Cheap, 
opposite  Honey  Lane,  "which  John 
Wells,  grocer,  caused  to  be  mada  f?  ro- 
6ttift]  in  bis  mayoralty,  I4S0."— Stow, 
Swrpey^  Qheapslde  "). 

The  checqpsiae  Standard,  This  Standard 
was  in  Existence  in  the  reign  of  Edward 
I.  In  the  reign  of  Edward  III.  two 
flshmsagem  wam  baheaded  at  the 
Clmaprida  Maadard,  for  aidbg  ki  a  riot 
Henry  IV.  aatttai  '<  the  Uank  ahaiier  of 

Richard  n."  ta  be  burnt  at  this  igaoa. 

The  Standard,  Comhiii,  this  was  a 
conduit  with  four  spouts,  made  by  PHar 
Morris,  a  German,  in  1582,  and  supplied 
wfthr  Tmmies  water,  conveyed  by  iMden 

gpes  over  the  steeple  of  St.  Magnuses 
lurch.  It  stood  at  the  east  end  of 
Oomhilt,  at  its  junction  with'  Grace- 
diareh  Street,  E^shopsgate  Street,  and 
teadeiriiall  Street.  The  water  ceased 
to  run  between  IMS  and  1608,  but  the 
Wiflaiia   NRiz  semsinaci    xong    mxn* 


•TANDA&II. 


STABGHAIXRUS. 


ffom  thk  spot. 

!•  Ih*  jwv  078  dMN  iloai  Bpoi 
Forot,  at  •  aif  pt  of  BbooC  twdv* 
■Mwarii«  fro«  the  SlMMkid  in 
Um  ^wIm  wMcta  (k» 
pabUe  MitartafaiaMt 


mOfifhMi  LoMkn. 

mUMrfRMi 

a  iMXMt  «C 


lUui— 1.  orr 
doMd  l»  b«k 
Um    MarMtow 


aumiatd  {The  BtMU  of  iiW),  «ie 
battle  of  Lotoa  Moos,  mmx  NortbaUertiM, 
betwMo  tko  Eogliah  and  tho  Sootek,  in 
1188.  So  caUod  fnm  tU  "itaiidud,'* 
wUcb  was  auMd  oa  a  wacgoo,  aad 
placod  hi  tho  eentn  of  ilio  BaglMh  aninr« 
The  pole  dis^yod  the  rtaadaida  «<  St. 
Cuthbeil  of  DoflMUB,  Si.  PMer  of  York, 
St.  John  of  Bereriev,  aad  St.  Wilfred  of 
Kipon,  sannouDtea  bjr  a  little  silver 
caaket  oootaiDin^  a  comecrated  wafer. — 
HaUes,  AmaU  of  SoMmd,  u  86  (1779). 


NCTl'f 


or  the 

ttoMiMfartli  attlM  iMttIa 
I  vistoriow.    1ft  VM  pnM 
tni  fti  f  tlnr BMiHtB.  TiliMi.  In  MM. 
WidtftfaiilMi  jaFMich  hi^i  vlli  of  tiM  4mmi  of 
borat  It  oat  or  aaal  avdMl  popaiT.— MIm  Tomi 

Standing  (7b  dm).  Yeapasiaa  laid, 
**Aii  enpeior  of  Rome  ovght  to  die 
itaadfaig.**^  LoniaXVIII.of  Fraoetaaid, 
'*  A  king  of  France  oagkt  to  die  standing.* 
This  cnaa  ia  nai  aonined  to  esowned 
heads. 

Btandlsh  (JfSra),  <3m  poritaa  cap- 
tain, was  short  of  stature,  strongly  built, 
broad  ia  the  shonlders,  deep-ebested, 
and  with  siaaws  like  iroo.  His  dao^^rter 
Rose  was  the  first  to  die  <*of  all  who 
came  in  the  MavMoweri"  Being  desirous 
to  marry  Priscilla  "the  beautiful  puri- 
tan,** he  sent  youn^  Alden  to  plead  hb 
cause  ;  but  the  maiden  answered  archly, 
"Whj  don't  you  speak  for  yoorseU, 
John?**  Soon  after  this,  Standish  was 
shot  with  a  poisoned  arrow,  and  John 
Alden  did  speak  for  himsenT,  and  pre- 
vailed.—LongfeUow,  Qmrishw  of  MiUa 
Siandish  (1868). 

Standish  (Mr.  Jvgtioe),  a  bnitlier 
magistrate  with  Bailie  TrmbnU.— Sir 
W.  Scott,  Bob  Boy  (tiaaa,  George  I.). 


8 

— SirW. 
beth). 


;  hi  ttie  earl  of  Sussex's  train. 
KemiwMrih  (time,  £li2»- 


Stanley  (Captain  Charh$),  introduced 
by  his  friend  captain  Stukely  to  the 
family  at  Strawberry  Hall.  Here  he 
meets  Miss  Kitt^  Sprightly  an  heiress, 
who  has  a  theatrical  twist.  The  captain 
makes  love  to  her  under  the  mask  of 
acting,  induces  her  to  run  off  with  him 
and  get  married,  then,  returning  to  the 


hall,  iatrodveea her  Mhkwifb.  ARiha 
family  fancy  he  is  only  "aettng,"  baik 
discover  too  late  that  their  **  play**  ia  » 
life-long  reality. — ^I.  Jack  man,  AM  iht 
World's  a  Stage, 


Btanlejr  Crest  (7%tf).  tea 
gn.  an  eagle  feeding  oa  an  infant  in  ita 
naaL  Um  l^^pend  is  tliaft  sir  Thomas  da 
Latbom,  havia|g  no  mala  iasaa,  was 
walking  with  his  wife  one  day,  aad  heard 
the  dies  of  an  infant  in  ao  ea^rs  neat. 
They  looked  on  the  child  as  a  gift  fioaa 
(sod,  and  adopted  it,  and  it  becaase  the 
fbunder  of  the  Stanley  laoe  (time,  Rdwacd 
III.). 

Staples  (Lawrence)^  head  |ai1er  a4 
Kenilwortii  CasUe.— Sir  W.  Seott,  AaMf- 
looriA  (tiose,  EUaaheOi)* 

Star  ValUnff.  Ai^  wish  fonsed 
during  the  shoot  of  a  star  will  eome  to 


Star  of  Aroadf  {p»),  tlM  Qn^ 
Bear ;  so  called  from  Calisto,  daughter  of 
Lycaon  king  of  Arcadia.  The  Little 
Bear  is  called  the  Tyrian  Cynotmret  tnm 
Aveaa  or  CynoeOia  sea  of  Osiisto. 

AbS  Um  ^att  ho  owilwor  i 
Or  1>flaa  QraowogjigJ. 


%•  Of  eovrse,  "Cynoeare" 
*<  dog*s  taiV*  Greek,  kmm  otvo, 
the  star  in  Ursa  Minor. 

Star  of  South  AlHea»  e  ^Hamesid 
discovered  in  the  South  African  ildda.  It 
weighed  hi  the  rough  88|  earatsf  aad 
alter  being  out  46|  caiata. 

Star  of  the  South  (ne),  the  seeead 
largest  cut  diamoad  ia  the  world.  It 
wei^s  264  carats.  It  was  discovered  hi 
BraaU  by  a  foot  acgfess  (1869). 


Stareh  (ZV.),  the  tafeor  «r 
;^W.  T.  Meaeri^  neSaahfMl 


Starchat'eras,  of  bwedan,  a  giant 
in  stature  and  strength,  whose  fife  waa 
protrActed  to  thrice  the  oriinaiy  tens. 
When  he  UXi  himself  growing  old,  he 
hung  a  bag  of  gold  round  his  neck,  and 
told  Ole  he  mi^t  take  the  bag  of  gold 
if  he  would  cut  off  his  head,  ami  he.  did 
ao.  He  hated  luzuiv  ta  every  form,  aad 
said  a  man  was  a  fool  who  went  and 
dined  ent  f or  the  sake  of  better  fare. 
One  day,  Helgo  king  of  Norway  aaked 
him  to  be  his  ohsinpioo  ia  a  eontcst 
whieh  was  to  be  decided  b^  hinmelf 
alone  against  nine  adveiMiics.  Star- 
chatems  selected  for  the  site  of  combat 
the  tap  of  a  moantain  ceverad  with  anew, 


8TABKLEISB. 


WbMiaikadtf  te 

n  on*  bf  one  or  all 

r,  he  nplicd,  "  Wbw  dog*  bark 

_...  1  drive  tbcm  all  oB  at  OBce."— 

una  Muon,  (Mtam  AwMnnuw 

Maria  (1M4). 

StaMloil^  (Arfte),  B  tbM,  padgr 
lUUa  jailg^  TOT  dMf,  >ad  my  ini- 
eiblc,  wki,  ia  the  aU«OM  sf  ba  ehiaT 
jiMtica.  M  fai  j<rfg«HM  •■  tfaa  trial  at 
1'Baiddl  a.  Fkk«iek."-C  Diokna, 
Urn  /•tehmoi  Paft$  (ISM). 

■bBno,  kiu  a(  locblln.  Haring 
Iwca  eoBfoienl  t?  Fiagal  and  nnsnuilr 
•at  at  tibertr,  he  pnmiMd  Rnftal  hu 
daa«Ucr  Aawdacca  In  ■Mrriaiic,  bnt 
■  »Tt  to  deal  bnaBbcmalr  br  fin  and 
kiU  Um.  Fiiwal  aeMptod  tha  biTh  ' 
«f  Staiao,  aatTqiait  4rae  ^s  fa> 
kaata.  B««aat£tDvamadb)>AsH 

to  bcwan  «f  h«r  father,  wbo  bad  ■ 

aib—eade  to  Taylay  hiai.  Fin^  bdu 
fonwaned,  fall  on  Ibe  aBbnh  aad  ilew 
aroT  MUL  WbeaStamobcanltbenof, 
ka  ilaw  hii  dan^ter,  vlwmipaa  Fii^ 
aod  Ua  Mhwen  took  la  aioa,  and 
atanio  OKbrnt  "Bed  or  died."  Swaian 
— weadeil  Ma  httw  Stamo.— Owiaa,  JSi- 
fal,  iii.  t  na  alas  iMK-Lcda, 

SUrraticHl  DimdM,  Henrr  Dnn- 
daa  the  tnt  lonl  HelriUe.  So  called 
bataaac  he  IstndaMd  Che  vMd  atarwbiM 
into  tht  '"ip-ir  (177fi). 

mmmiOat  (ibM>}.  Uw  trilor.  Ha 
wai   eait   fw   Ibi   pait   of    ■'TWebe'e 


faiTitatioii 

.'■tnboai- 

byAgmrteeea 


Mdtitmmtr  SigUt  Vrtmn  (UM). 

SUda^  a  njal  oUr  vUh  a  Maopr 


Oe  berolDe  of  La  Oatpn- 
-e  of  Caumtira.  Statlra  ii 
tt  Jin\<u,  and  ia  rapre- 
'  Boat  pBifect  of  tb«  work! 
Oioooikt^  i*  in  loT*  witb 


ve(  Dari'm.  aad  wife  a< 
_  .    Dg,  bautiAu,  woDiaalT, 

C  aflaetjoa,  noble  beaiioft  nild 

ret  hai^k^,  jiMSag  jet  -^ "- 

loTS    for     Aluandcr     wu 


bj  hit  love,  wos  bar  back  again.     BCatJra 
waa  HBidaied  bj  KoxaM  the  p--^-  — 
called    the    "  Kinl   Qufao."— : 
Alexander  the  Ortat  (lfi7S). 


mob  be  aiaoiBei  the  Kniae  of  "Uadjte 
Wild  are."  Geofge  Slauntan  U  the 
■edoeer  a(  ESt  Deaoa.  DItimatelir  he 
eomei  to  the  title  of  barotiet,  marriaa 
£ae,  and  ia  tbot  by  a  gipay  boy  called 
"  The  Whiatkr,"  who  prorat  to  be  bia 

Ladi  BtamioL,  Bh  Daaai  after  her 
naniaae  with  air  Uw^.  Od  <the  death 
of  berkMbaDd,  aha  tatiret  to  a  convent 


BtMdS  at  UM  Be*,  akipa,  a  i 
man  aynonym  of  the  Sanic  baida. 


Mad  OmIIii.  a  atnmg  vard,  beloiw- 
ing  to  the  Tallov  Dwarf,  tlera  £a 
aoaflaad  AlUFair  whM  the  rataiad  to 
Barry  Ub  aeeotdioa  to  her  pconiae. — 
CoMtant  U'Anuy,  Fauv  litlm  ("  The 
Yallow  Dwarf,"  1«(M). 


Ha  CVuM  (Jlnaa*,  OB  tbe  other  baud, 
aa  vaslty  diotatea,  aad  aliowi 
taMlaa«rai>«athMk    Thme 


M'J£M1& 


drfnora  irtrt  HuUto  by^  Ltcyl^t  fan  cM 

Mtirist). 


Td  audi  M  kM*  to  MMM  kat  not  to  be  ; 
But  onto  thoae  Utat  kir«  to  see  Utemadrv^ 
How  fool  or  fkjm  Mmtcr  that  tbex  mv. 
iUVMkMpMdiaGlMMaf  tiwItoStod. 

OGmmIpm.  nu £(««<«  0/a«  (diod  1577). 

Steenie*  i<7.  "  Stephen.**  So  George 
Yillien  duke  of  BnckiDjchAin  was  ealled 
by  James  I.,  because,  like  Stephen  the 
fun/k  mtatytf  '*  all  that  sat  in  the  oouDcil, 
lookinc  stedfastlv  on  Urn,  saw  his  face 
as  it  bad  been  tne  face  of  an  angel** 
{Ads  vi.  16). 

Steenson  (WUlie)  or  "Waoderinf 
Willie/*  the  blind  fiddler. 

Sleenie  Stetnmm^  the  piper,  in  Wander- 
ing Willie's  tale. 

MoiUM  Stftmtftn  or  **  Snaa  Analie.** 
the  1^%  of  WaodMMiK  Wilm  flir  W. 
Stott,  RedgawiUtet  (time,  George  III.). 

Steerforth,  the  young  man  who  led 
little  £m*iy  astray.  When  tired  of  his 
toy,  be  proposed  to  her  to  marry  his 
vaiet.  Steenorth,  being  shipwrecked  oft 
the  coast  of  Tarmnuth,  Han:  Peggottv  tried 
tn  rescue  him,  but  both  were  drowned. — C. 
Dickens,  Ikimd  CopperJUld  (1849). 

fltsini  There  is  a  German  sayioff 
that,  ^*  KjPMBS  and  Btein  are  threa  plaoes.^* 
The  sol«itioa  lies  is  the  word  ^^aod** 
(German,  imkI).  How  Und  is  between 
Krems  and  Stein ;  so  that  Kreas,  Unc^ 
[and]  Stein  an  tbiM  plaoea. 

8l!6in1>ACli  (JSVwtn  von)  desigMfl 
Stnisboufg  OUhedral;  begim  1016,  and 
finished  14ifl9. 


InrlB  TMi  ikMnbiich. 


(^Vaiicw),  the  scharf-gerichter  or^execu- 
tfontr.— ^ir  W.  Soott,  Ann^  of  €Mer$kin 
(time,  fidward  IV.). 

Steinfeldt  (Ths  old  hctroness  of), 
introduced  in  Donnerhugel's  narrative. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Anme  of  Oneriiem  (time, 
Edward  IV.), 

StoiBlbft  (3%$  6aroA),  brotktt  «l 
the  ooitnttss  Wintenen.  He  falls  in  Ufw 
with  Hn.  HaUer,  but,  being  iniyinnil  of 
the  relationship  between  Mn.  Haller  and 

**  the  stranger,'*  exerts  himself  to  bang 
about  a  reconciliation. — ^Benj.  Thompson^ 
T/m  Stranger  (1797). 

Stella.  The  lady  Penelopd  DaresMiZi 
ttM  di^ytet  ef  sir  Fhdif  SidMy's  AffeeCton. 
Sha  naitied  lord  Bieot  and  was  » 

iAdidnsir** 


PMUp)  4Md,  8tdU  died  a4t^tlf^^  and  «h» 
two  ^*- lovers  *'  weia  cenmerted  nte  ««a 
iow^r,  called  ''Starlight,"  which  is  link 
red,  and  as  It  Aides  tarns  blaa,  flonia 
aaU  iMpmiJkta,  has  heacefcrth  (he  asiys)  it 
shall  be  called '^AstropheL"  ItisapaBS 
ilction  that  Stella  died  from  giief  at  the 
death  of  Sidney,  f6r  she  afterward* 
married  Charles  Blonnt.  created  br 
James  I.  earl  of  Devonshue.  The  poa 
himself  must  have  forgotten  his  owb 
fines  : 

Ne  Um  prabeworfhr  8tdl»  do  T  read. 

Wham  TSfWflf  ■cfcht  fc|ihyilrt^Ofl»»>] 
mm  urtiiiil —<  mtmi S^mm  i—  mm 
g|i— g,  Oal^  CfawT*  Omm*  Mtmt  J»«to  ilStM. 

&4Ua.  Miss  Hester  iehnson  was  aa 
caHed  by  Swift,  to  wtieas  iHa  w* 
piiiniteiy  Banled  in  17M.  Hesttfisflrik 
aarreited  iato  the  Gtesk  atitr,  and 
^aatar**  in  Latin,  like  sMK  Mtaaa 
'^astaf.**  Stella  Uved  wilh  Mrs.  DiBgley 
on  Orssoad  Quay,  Dablin/ 


■Bit  ^ItCm,  On  VI  (OWB  .  •  • 

«DLIAr'«Mlnkiiwtld»itlMblin  «  .  . 
to  bedlrecU4  thtw  Ig  Pup^  .  .  . 
And  Mv  MTlvift  ttt0  Utttm  dtof 

.rmMtm  l»OnM»S^iw. 

SviA.  r*sMto«i  wmtrmrkoam. 


Staao  (MmM),  one  fld  the 
the  tribunal  oi  Foity«  At#ia  aata 
indecorously  to  some  of  the  ladies  as- 
sembled at  a  civic  banquet  ghren  by  the 
doge  of  Venice,  Ind  is  turned  out  of 
the  house.  In  revenge,  he  fastens  on  the 
doge*s  chair  some  sctmilaos  lines  against 
the  ywmg  dogansaa,  whoss  tztstme 
modesty  and  iaooceaea  oaght  ta  hatv 
prot^pted  her  fioaft  sach  Inaalence.  The 
dage  lefers  theBiatterto**the  Forty,**  wlia 
seateaee  Steno  to  twa  months*  tni|irisoa^ 
■Milt.  This  pnnaahoMnty  in  the  apinioft 
of  the  doge,  is  wholly  inade^nata  to  dte 
offence,  and  Marino  Faliero  joins  a  con* 
spiracy  lb  abolish  the  ctbaaciraMmOler. 
— Byron,  Marino  Faliero,  the  3og€  'tf 
Vmm  (1319). 

StOTitor,  a  Gredan  herald  la  the 
Trojan  war.    Homer  says  he  was  "  great 
hearted,  brazen-voicad,  and  could  shoa^ 
as  loud  as  fifty  men.** 

BrhMM  tonv  Cor  halp  vtth  tk»  Inaai  tf  •  8lMaor.-i... 

Steph'ano,  earl  of  CJamati.  the 
leader  of  400  men  in  the  a^Hed  Chrtstiao 
army.  Be  was  noted  for  his  military 
prowess  and  wise  eoansel.— -Taiao,  ^rw* 
9td9m  DeUvtrO,  i.  <1676). 

Steph'm^  a  dMBken  biiUet«--Shak*>' 


vmxno.  ^i 

arMM,  JfodfcMt  tf  Vtmim  (MM). 

StepbAn,  one  of  Uie  alleniUnU  of 
Bli  Ri^piuld  FioQt  de_&eaf  (>  follow 
of  priuu  Jubal.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Ioa»A<j» 
Itiait,  Richard  I.). 

SUpkea  (Count),  Btpbew  of  t^  count 
of  CrtTnaeiir.— Sil  W.  Scott,  Quoits 
Dunainl  (time,  Edwkrd  IT.)- 


;?7tfi2S^ 


SteoheD  bM  aa  notiua  of  howttT  sod 
U^-mindeilnMg :  tliu*  he  iteiia  Dowo- 
ti^t'i  cloak,  wUch  had  beaiiaccidEDUllv 
dropped,  dFclam  he  bought  it,  uid  tbeo 
thM  he  found  it.  Beinic  convicted  of 
',  he   R^M   ill  Otim  to  it, 


riin. 


e  od'L"   Tbia  inull-miDded  j( 


Bt^beiL  ^eelhe&rt,  the  Dleknaine 
of  Suspfcen  W«th«>I.— Sir  W.  Seott, 
JobJuic  (time,  Uichud  I.). 

■tapben  mt  AxihtAmt,  ttdet  af 
5(KiO  Jort  nUka  froM  Blaii  Md  Toon 
i*<if  Oodfrey 
■  attack,  b«t 
ICC.    Jto  Wto 
.   .  tow  (»%.».). 

^Tauo,  JenuaUm  Dtlivered  <1M6), 

'  BterUng  (Jfr.),  a  Tul^r,  rkh  CMr 
Mtmtiant,  wh»  wiibet  to  MS  hi>  (wo 
dauKbten  marriHi  totiUei.  Lord  Oglebw 
calla  him  "  a  very  abttr«et  of  'Chang*  ; 
iwlf  iajs,    "  What  lucniilw 

iMon,   titlei,  and   ao  lortb? 

ay-moner'a   the  atuff   tlwt 


Wb,   « 


Eliaaheth  at  BeUj  j  a  apileful,  jealoui, 
pura»4cmd  damid,  en^c^tsd  to  air  John 
Belvil.  Sir  Jobn,  Beeiog  imall  proipeet 
of  happioeaa  witli  auch  a  tartar,  propoied 
imrTiatfe  ■-  '^ — --:....--  __j  »■!__ 

torloiAAalvii 


nne,  iMt  I  inlglM  ba  nrcagcd  om  •» 


JAn  fniMy  flhHiiHr,  ■■  amMile,  ao 


^      "i  OlbtH  a^SiiuA  "  Wbt  bM  lOfljlR  l>^>ja 


SterVT,  a  tanMical  preacher,  admtnd 
br   UuKb   Peters,— S.   BuHcr,    UaMmm 


(time,  George  II.). 

.Sbuwf  {Pniux  Charlts  EUmtnt),  lur- 
aamed  "lie  CbeTalier"  bj  hii  tnenda, 
■nd  "the  PretcDder"  b;  bia  foei.  3if 
W.  ScoU  intraduces  him   ip    Whb^ 


___.    L  (»»l,  toond  iD 

1872,  U  Iba  larReat  Soulli  AUoaa  dto- 
luVBd  diMovaMai  ny  to  Ifea  ^aar  UNO. 
It  weighed  in  tb«  nub  MMa  aii|  sanK, 
and  but  few  diaina^  in  tte  worid  ax- 
aaad  tt  in  ain.  It  ii  of  a  li^  yaOow 
hue,  and  ii  Kt  aa  a  itar  witti  aigfat  pnMa 
aad  a  /lam-  -it  Im  aba**.  Ibn  aaperb 
■tone,  with  tha  I>Mllay  ud  Twip  dia. 
mondii,  bkwe  all  ba«a  diaaovend  ia  tha 
Cape  •inG«  187B, 

StaTiie  (JfoTTiA  of),  mA  of  Oanat 
and  of  Gaunt  Cajtie,  a  viicodnt,  baron, 
knight  of  ttw  Garter  and  of  nnmeroua 
other  ordni,  eolunel,  tniitec  of  thfi 
Bfitiiril  Hoannn,  Blder  brother  nf  tbe 
Trinit;  Houw,  goTMKor  of  Wfaite  Ftiaia, 
eta.,  kd  binavn  dod  titlai  enonglr  M 


STICK  TO  IT,  SATS  BAIGENT.     U$ 


STOCaLPUCSS. 


■utke  him  a  gfMt  huui  ;  boi  hit  lift 
not  a  highly  moral  one,  and  hit  conduct 
with  Becky  .Sharn,  whan  ahe  was  the 
wife  of  colonel  Rawdon  Crawley,  gave 
rise  to  a  great  scandal.  Hia  lordship 
floated  thrcHigh  the  ill  report,  but  Mrs. 
Rawdon  was  oUiged  to  live  abroad. — W. 
IL  Thaokemy,  VamUy  Fair  (1848). 

Stiok  to  it»  Mjs  Baigont. 
Baitfent  waa  the  principal  witness  of  the 
CUJmant  in  the  |;reat  TIchbone  trial, 
and  his  advice  to  his  mvt^m», "  StidL 
to  it  ••(1872). 

Btiffgina.  a  hypoorltical,  dnrnken, 
methoSt«*sheplienl^'  (ministar),  thoi^ht 
by  Mrs.  Weller  to  be  a  saint.  His  time 
was  spent  for  the  most  part  in  drinking 
pine-apple  rum  at  the  Marquis  of  Granby 
tevem.— a  Dickens,  The  Fiokwiok  Papers 
(1886). 

StiU  (09meim8  the).  0>iiielias  Tadtus. 
(Utin,  (acr^us,  '<stilL*') 

ILSOMik. 

Still  Waten  Bun  Dee|^  adapted 
from  the  French  novel,  Le  Oewe, 

Mdmulaate  VMd  bgr  Poldio 
Cnuuraoters. 

BoNAPARTR,  snuff. 

Brabam,  bottled  porter. 

BiTLi.  (Bet,  Wiliiam),  iSbt  noncon- 
formist, was  an  inveterate  smoker. 

Btbon,  gin-and-water. 

pATunr  (Mies),  linseed  tea  and  ma^ 
deira. 

CooKK  (G,  F,),  everyOiaff  drinkabla. 

DiaBAMU  (loid  Beaoonsneld),  cham- 
pagne jelly. 

Emkkt,  cold  bnady-and-water. 

Erbkine  {Lcrch^  opium  in  large  doses. 

GuuMTOHX  ( W.  A.),  an  egg  beaten  up 
hi  sherry. 

HKHMnsotr,  gnm  arab&e  and  sbeny. 

Hoanna,  only  cold  water. 

iKOUHKMf,  madeira. 

JoBDAir  (MrM.),  calves'-4oot  Jetty  dia- 
■ehred  in  warm  Bhsrry. 

Kbax  (Edmmmi)f  beef-tea,  eeld  brand/. 

Kbmblb  (t/oAn),  opium. 

Lnwia,  mnllad  wine  and  oysters. 

Mbwton  smoked  inoeseaatly. 

OxBCRBT,  strong  tea. 

PoFE,  strong  coffee. 

SCHIU.BB  required  to  sit  oiwr  a  table 
deenly  imDregnated  with  the  smell  of 
apples.  He  stimulated  his  bimin  with 
cotfee  and  champagne. 

SiDDONs  (#rs.),  porter,  not  "  stoat.**. 


Smith  ( WiiZNiMi)  dnak  straw 
Wbddbkbubjib  (the  ftnt  lort  Ashb«r> 
ton)  used  to  place  a  blister  on  his  cheat 
when  he  had  to  make  a  great  spasch. — 
Dr.  Paris,  Pharmaooioaia  (1819). 
Wood  (Jfrt.)  dimak  diaoght  porter. 

Btinkoxnaleo.  So  Theodore  Book 
called  the  London  University.  The  word 
was  saggested  by  *' Trinoomale^  **  (m 
Ceylon),  a  name  before  the  public  at  tibe 
time.  HaelL  hated  the  «« Untvenity,** 
beeaase  it  admiited  stndents  of  aU  de- 


Stitoh  (7bm).  a  yonng  taOor^  a  neat 
fttvoorite  with  the  ladies.— TV  Merrg 
History  of  Tom  SUtck  (seventeenth 
tury). 


Lsiidan  and  llei«h-W< 
railway  shans  (tiia  Blmdn|^afli  line). 

CoHBMa,  the  Turkish '69loan.  Floated 
by  the  firm  of  that  name. 

Dooa,  Newfoundland  telegraph  shared. 
(Newfoundland  dm.) 

DovERs,  Sonth-Eastem  ndlway  ihaiaa. 
(The  line  runs  to  Dover.) 

Floaters,  exi^eqner  bills  and  other 
nnfnnded  stock. 

FouRTEEX  HuifDRED,  a  stusnger  who 
haa  intraded  into  tht  Slock  Exchaage. 
Thia  term  was  need  in  Defoe*s  time. 

Lame  Dues.  (J),  a  oMmber  oi  flm 
Stock  Exchange  who  fails  in  his  obls- 
gationa. 

Lbedb,  TsmrsAiia  and  Toikahiia  anil- 


Freadi  6  per  c«t8. 


MoROAX8»  the 


Floated  by  ttiat  firm. 

MuTTo«s,theTnTkldi*681oan«  (Ptsrtly 
secured  by  the  sheep^tax.) 

Pots,  Nortii  Staffordshire  lailwiif^ 
shares.    (The  potteries.) 

SiaoAPORBS  (S  §gl,)y  BMA  ladlaa 
Sxtension  telegraph  shares. 

SmbltSi  English  and  AnstraHaa  oapye> 


Stag,  one  wlio  appBes  for  an  allet- 
BMut  of  shares,  and  cuts  off  if  tliey  do 
not  rise  in  price  befbra  they  are  awarded. 

Toaaa,  the  Great  Nortbem   mihray 


Mid  law 


STOCKS'  UAXKKt. 


M7 


8T0NBWALL  JACKSON. 


pair  «f  wti&6kM 


SoctUedfrom  a 
«f  9ti&6kM  whick  at  one  tioM  stood 
GaidenevB  nsad  to  oeenpy  all  b«t 
■oath-west  part.  Tlie 
flower  eallcd  the  ''stock**  Kceived  its 
nama  fton  baiiig  sold  tliare.  The  market 
was  RiBOTed  to  Farringdoa  Street  in 
1797,  and  was  th«i  ealled  ''Fleet  Mar- 
ket.'^ 


•  rivtr  as  th* 
S  JiHV /Wr  (ISBSk 

•toekipaU  (MrX  a  Gtr  i , 

who  pimnised  to  give  has  daanter  Nancj 
hi  BMrrisge  to  the  soa  of  air  liarfy  Har- 
lowe  oi  [k»rsetshire. 

Jin,  Stookweii,  the  nerchaat's  wile, 
who  always  Teen  lennd  to  the  last 
speakes,  aad  eaa  be  persuaded  to  moj^ 
thing  for  the  time  being. 

Nancjf  &ochceU^  daiu^ter  of  the  mei^ 
^ant,  m  love  with  Belford,  but  promised 
ia  aianiagc  to  sir  HanT  Hariowe's  son. 
It  ao  happens  that  sir  Harr}**s  son  has 
Mivately  married  another  lady,  and  Nancy 
falls  to  the  man  of  her  ehoioe.— ^jUnick, 
Hm^A  m-  Moikmg  (1706). 

8tol«n  KImwi,  a  drama  by  Paol 
Meritt,  in  three  acto  (1877).  FeHx  Free- 
mantle,  nnder  the  peeadonym  of  Mr.  Joy, 
falls  in  love  with  Cherry,  danghter  of 
Tom  Spirit  onee  valet  to  Mr.  Freemantla 
rwho  had  eomtt  to  the  title  of  visconnt 
Trangmar).  When  Tom  Spirit  ascer- 
tained that  "  Felix  Joy  **  was  the  son  of 
the  visooont,  he  forbade  all  farther  in- 
toreoorse,  onlees  Felix  produced  his 
father's  eonscnt  to  the  marriage.  The 
next  part  of  the  plot  nertains  to  the 
hroUier  of  Tom  Spirit,  who  had  assumed 
the  name  of  Walter  Temple,  and,  as  a 
atoek-broker,  had  become  very  wealthy. 
In  his  prosperity,  Walter  scornfully 
ignored  us  brother  Tom,  and  his  ambi- 
tion waa  to  marry  his  daughter  Jenny  to 
the  SOB  of  visconnt  Trangmar,  who  owed 
him  moner.  Thus  the  two  cousins. 
Cherry  and  Jenny,  came  into  collision ; 
hut  at  the  end  Jenny  married  Fred  Gay, 
a  medical  student,  Qierry  married  Felix, 
the  two  bfothem  were  reconciled,  and 
Tom  released  his  old  master,  viscount 
Trangmar,  by  destroying  the  bond  which 
Walter  hdd  and  gave  him. 

Stone  of  Iioda»a  ^aee  of  worship 
amongst  the   anriant   Gaels.  —  Osaian, 


raise  to  commemonto  his  victory  over 
Yortigem;  and  Merlia  advised  him  to 
remove  "  The  Giant's  Dance  **  firom 
mornt  Killaraus,  In  Ireland,  to  Salisbury 
Plain.  So  Aurelius  plnced  a  fleet  and 
15,000  men  under  the  charge  of  Uther  the 
pendragon  and  Merlin  for  the  purpose. 
Gillonian  king  of  Ireland,  who  opposed 
the  invaders,  was  routed,  and  then  Meriin, 
"  by  his  art,**  shipped  the  stones,  and  set 
them  up  on  the  phun  "in  the  same 
manner  as  they  stood  on  Killamus.** — 
Geoffrey,  Bntith  Bidory,  vHi.  10>13 
(1142). 

I  Mitor  km^t  *•  SMHiAsi  la  •  BiSM. 

€10  wind. 

H. 


AttMMb 


AoaaAsH^s  a  T^'^fAy.  It  is  said,  la 
the  Welsh  triads,  that  this  dicle  of 
stones  waa  erected  by  the  Britons  to 
•ommemorato  the  "treachery  of  the  Long- 
Kntves,**  %,€.  a  conference  to  which  the 
chief  of  the  British  warriors  were  invited 
Inr  Hea|rist  at  Ambresbunr.  Beside  eadi 
chief  a  Saxoa  was  seated,  armed  with  a 
long  knife,  and  at  a  given  signal  eadi 
Saxon  slew  his  Briton.  As  many  as  460 
British  nobles  thus  fell,  bat  Eidtol  earl 
of  Gloucester,  after  sla>'ing  seventy 
Saxons  (some  say  660),  made  his  escape. 


If  IfwIlB.  ■!  lan  Ml— M<  Uf 

■Moiorr of  Um ploc of  Hm " LongKnlre*,'* 
I SOO  British  chieA  wen  trmikmnuAf  nuamrai  W 
BebuUtteMtiiealUO^alonMr  dreiaL    U 
bardie  drete,  m  ^mf  1m  mmi  by 
It  whii  Ankmf,  OmUow  Dww.  X—itk.  cte. 
It  ii  calM    "fka   Work  of 


*«*  Mont  Diku.  a  soHtaiy  movnd 
dose  to  Dumfermnne,  owes  ito  origin, 
according  to  story,  to  seaM  anfortuoate 
monks,  who,  bv  way  of  penance,  carried 
the  sand  in  basketo  from  the  sea-shore  at 
Inverness. 

At  Linton  is  a  fine  conical  hill  attri- 
buted to  two  sisters  (nuns),  who  w«re 
compelled  to  pass  the  whole  of  the  sand 
through  a  sieve,  by  way  of  penance,  to 
obtain  pardon  for  some  crime  committed 
hf  their  brother. 

The  Gog  Mago|(  Hills,  near  Cambridge, 
an  ascribed  to  his  Satanic  majesty. 

BtomewaUJaolcflaii,  Thomas  Jooa- 
ttaa  Jackson,  general  in  the  southern 
army  in  the  grott  civil  war  of  the  North 
American  Stetes.  (General  Bee  suggested 
the  name  in  the  battle  of  Bull  Run  (1861). 
"  There  is  Jackson,**  said  he  to  his  men, 
"standing  Uke  a  stoaa  waU**  (1824- 
1868)« 


STOXX  1CAKB9  VO  SOOE. 


Store  makes  bo  Boveir-^.  Gm- 
soigne,  Stiu  Sujuii  (died  1677). 

Storm  (7^  ^Tflorf)' occurred  Novem- 
ber ?6>7,  1708.  This  storm  'sapplied 
Addison  with  his  celebrated  simile  of 
the  angel : 

8o  wtten  an  angri  br  dNiiM  eo 
Wttfa  (Wag  iMMMMi  dutkm  * 


■KkMofiatco' 

CUm  and  lerene  be  iitrm  die 


The  Ommpmtgm  {X!^t>ti. 

8torm.and-atrai&  Period.   The 

last  Quarter  of  the  eighteenth  century  wis 
caUed  in  Gannaoy  ut  Stmrm  wnd  Drang 
Zeiiy  becaoae  every  one  saweed  in  a  fever 
to  shake  off  ttie  shackles  of  government, 
custom,  prestige,  and  religion.  The  poets 
raved  in  v«Manic  rant  or  moonshine 
flentiaianftslitj ;  naitiafe  was  cUtre- 
garded ;  law,  both  civil  sad  divine,  wes 
ttook-podled.  Goethe's  Mam  ^ciik  Mtf 
JroH  Mamdmmi  Sorrows  of  Wmiimr,&6Ul^ 
ler's  Meh^f,  Klingw's  iragcdlea^  Ui- 
aing's  offkiaitiM,  the  ttiaeia  fat  Shake- 
apaaM  and  Osaaaa  NVDhiiieeiaad  the 
liteEalufa ;  and  tha  cfjr  wvnfr.  foath  iar 
«DtrattuB€Ued  ftee<k>m,  w^h  waa  aiekr- 
BMBad  "future.**  A»  w^  9a  vMlad, 
and  aaU  it  natere. 

'  BtOttxm  {Cape  of).  The  Cape  of  Good 
Hope  was  called  by  Bartholomew  Diaz 
Cuba  Tormentooo  in  i486 ;  but  king  John 
II.  of  Pbrtugal  gave  it  Ha  present  more 
auspicious  name. 

Stomello  Verses,  verses  in  which 
a  word  or  phraM  is  harped  upon,  and 
turned  about  and  abonti  as  in  the  foUaw* 
iBg  example  :^^ 

Vtv«  la  FraMal  VSV9  oar  teMMr.  Om  ttd.  jPhU^  aM 

blue; 
Hm  iNt  of  the  loyal.  «ha  royal.  aa4  MM. 
ittae  aa4  ra4  fior«M  oitjr  w«  WM*.  anS  Um  wblto 
For  uur  KHreroign  Uw  people,  whoee  rale  b  tttelr  right. 
BD>-al  wMte.  loyal  Mae.  and  forget  aoC  (be  led. 
Tu  Aam  for  our  freedon  well  Ueed  and  haw  bWL 

I.C.B. 

SbTJ?.,  the  same  aa  D.D.,  "divinity 
doctor."  The  initials  of  SiinctcrlftMiAvMi 
J*rofif9»or, 

StradlTaYius  (Antonhu),  bom  at 

Cremo'na,  in  Italy  (1670-1728).     He  wai 

a  pupil  of  Andretis  Amiti.    The  Amati 

family,  witii  Stradivarius  and  his  pueit 

GnafnariiM  (all  of  Cfemona),  ware  ttie 

Most  noted  vioUn-makets  that  ever  livedi 

ilksomuoh  that  the  word  **C)remuna'*  if 

synonymous  for  a  first-rate  violin. 

Tho  InetruMeataa  wtalahbe  playea 
Wm  1h  CranitMia'ti  irork.sho|M  made  ,  .  . 
The  iiMiker  fnim  wboee  handi  It  oune 
HjuI  wtiumi  hb  attrtvalba  naH*— 

••  Aiitnniu*  StrmlheHu*.  

boogfeUow.  1%»  If ajteMe  ttm  {preteda,  UIQ. 


an  Hamftil  kngadji  by 
R.  Brmrnin^  (183C).  This  diaiaa  con- 
tains  portnnts  of  Ohailca  I.,  the  etri  of 
Strafford,  Rawpden,  Jain  Fywi,  air 
Haify  Vane,  etc,  botii  lintfrful  md 
mphic  Of  eoerse,  the  adb^aet*  af  the 
dranw  is  the  attander  and  OHecwtioe  of 
WentiPotlfa  ead  aC  SiHffoed* 

Btndtlaoe  {Dame  PhUippa),  the 
maiden  aunt  of  Bhiahington.  •  She  aa 
v<ary  nweh  snrpriaed  to  ted  her  nephew 
entertaining  dumer  company,  and  mi 
■Mie  ao  that  be  ia  aboet  to  hihe  a  yeen^ 
wife  to  heap  hoaea  for  hiaa  iaalead  as 
hMwtf.  V.  T.  Ifeabriiaff,  Aa  JM/W 
Man* 

StraFenheim  {(kmnt  of)^  a  ktnsman 
of  Werner,  who  hhnted  him  from  phice 
to  place,  W161  a  view  of  cutting  him  off, 
because  he  stood  between  him  and  the 
hihcrHance  of  Siegendorf.  This  mean, 
phtnsible.  overreaclung  nobleman  was  br 
accident  lodged  under  the  same  roof  wim 
Werner  whiU  on  his  way  to  Si^endorf. 
Here  Werner  robbed  him  of  a  nmleau  of 
gold,  and  next  night  Uhk  (Wemei^ 
son)  murdered  him. 

iUd  Btraimlieim,  danghter  ol  oonnt 
Stcalenhcim,  betrothed  to  Ulric,  whom 
she  dearly  loved;  but  beiag^  told  hjr 
Ulric  that  ha  was  the  assaaain  o£  her 
&ther,  she  fell  senaeUsa,  and  Ulric  de- 
partec^  never  to  natiun. — ^Bycoa,  W^rmmr 
(1822). 

The  accent  of  this  name  ia  gjven  bjr 
Byron  sometimes  on  the  first  and  aonie> 
times  on  the  second  aylUbk : 

Hm  daogbtar  of  dead  fetnTaibeta^  yvar  lae. 

iktlK.1. 

Btranxser  ( 7^),  the  count  WaMbom^g. 
He  marrira  Addaide  at  the  age  of  16;  shh 
had  two  children  by  him,  and  then  eloped. 
The  count,  deserted  by  his  young  wife, 
lived  a  roving  Hfe,  known -only  as  **Tli€ 
Stranger;"  and  his  wife,  repenting  of 
her  folly,'  under  the  assumed  name  of 
Mrs.  Haller,  entered  the  service  of  the 
countess  Wintersen,  whose  affection  she 
secured.  In  three  years*  time,  ''the  stran- 
ger" came  bv  accident  into  the'  same 
neighbourhood,  and  a  reconciliation  look 
place. 

it Pta&rn  flv« ba  b "a  good 

MM  the  aM  of  speech  by  llvlug  with 

aO  eaiv  4hei^  I  eaiMDt  I 

He  aitoasynec  Ma  vMo  «oiW,Md  m 

hb  door  oiiMiHitted.    T  ba«e  now  Ihc«r  t 

him.  and  jret  I  know  not  who  he  b.    A 

no  ^bt^. .  ^  («rttA^mbanthni^  la  Uie  bead,  not  bi 


Hb 

oneAlouft 


flI&AJHQFOUPu 


STRONG 


-AUD  WOMEN. 


(1757-1823) :  * 


t  i^nn'Miv  Un  vflfe  prfn  dnnn^ 
it  «MttM  the  fea|«0  te  dM^iybte 

».    fM,  R  wcmcd  fo  onllkely  V  d^ouid  meat  irtUi 


tela  ik« 


■Kb  an  aAoDt,  umI  this  injured  the  probiibllltT  of  tm 
tJMi;  ■iiiit."lh»lltr<Mii"hw>»%»ewriMpiHirl, 
mmA  AM  Is  ^rays  la  pdmmt  htei  poor  gHllnuuil- 


Staranj^lbTd  (i^^rcy  Ottifoit  ^<i^ 

Smythe,  vtaootmt),  in  1803,  published  « 
tmilfcUlMa  of  tbd  pMMB  of  eta^ifts, 
the  ip^at  Poitngnefle  poet. 


I  th7  Tvnf  •  hifiMr  | 

4iw*to^M*n»}  ttiy  UWurtA  tutfp  i 

|C««MHhtteMMi&Md|o«>«rA|oara.    . 

BlTgn;  tmgUm  Bardk  tmd  BeoUk  BviUmert  (1800^ 

Btirw   (iTi^i  ♦  tinple,  Mneioas, 

ed  4lwHit«reftod  «dli«oeBi  of  IMBrM 
indoii).     His  g«n«QMty'  and  fidi^fey^ 
lw»«r«v«r,  meek  witii  but  a  bate  lettra 

Jtoderick  Random  (1748). 


with  tSiilMwWe  iwwrf  iMJ^  to  gtniptn  ttiei 

ilir«f  the  MveL    FWe iMMadrM  iNMindi  fieftm 

of  Acseedihe  had  yvCHiaed  to  Mi  «Mter)  i 

I  of  #  ledaiBMd  Kraet-wBikcr.  evM  when  added 

[  hdt  a  poor  itcdnypiwe  foe  his 

Strasbchirg  CMliedral,  designed 
by  Erwin  von  Steinbach  (1015-14.39). 

atomeiian  (6Ai),  ihe  'aqiuie  •£  idr 
KenMlfa.— air  W.  SmM,  J%0  To/iwioii 
(tiiae,  Kieh^  I.). 

Stnvw.     -^  fftUt  straw  show9  K^iica 

Yaa  knov.  or  doa't  kmnr.  that  |i«a>lheon  aiOi. 
•Vi^iapa  itnnbHvMI  ihow  liK  tn^  the  wtaa  tde«a. 
irioa. />o«./Mai>.  «iT.  S  UMU. 

Strawberry  Iieaves  (2b  mm  tkt\ 
Btrawberry    Preacher    {A\,    a 

•*  Jerusalem  pony,  a  temporary  nelp, 
wbo  wanden  from  ^nlpit  io  pifipH,  to 
preach  for  some  society,  to  aid  some 
at^lfcnt  or  fovaftded  minister,  or  to  adro- 
cate  some  charity.  The  term  was  first 
ttsed  by  Latimer,  and  the  phrase  means 
a  "  strayinc  pi«acher.*'  (Anglo-Saxon, 
tfrrmnm,  ■•to  stray  ;*  hence,  strawberry. 
gtreow-herk^  ♦*  ttic  straying  berry-plant.  ) 


of  Loiidmi  (The\^ 
by  Dion  Boucicault  (186ii),  add^ked  fmtk 
tbe  ItnmA  plagr  iias  Fmtorm  tks  J^mi$» 

8tre'motl,  a  soldier,  fkmous  for  hia 
•inging.— Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  TA§ 
Mad  Lover  (1617). 

Strephoo,  the  shtphovd  ici  sic  PhUi^ 
fiiidpc^'a  ArmdiOf  who  auUbes  liove  t«  the 


■ame^Bsr  a  horm^  dot  Mug  usoatly  the 
corresponding  lady. 

O^mim  omany  in»  mm  of  ny  dH«S  ttwiih—  at 
SBarboRwgh.  1  have  m  "nn  «ralo  rajpird  lor  lii»t.  a|rf 
iMot  xatOu  hhu  a  lUtle  mMraMe  with  wa  hropln— i.— 
QMHek,  Tkt  hriah  Widow,  L  S  (1717). 

Vm  MTWit  of  foor  8tioi>hou  .  .  .  ii  oqr  load  aad 
aMl«.-«airkk,  Mim  *n  Mmr  Tmm  UTIB). 

Stfetton  {Neiba),  the  pseudonym  of 
Miss  SmMi,  mnghter  of  a  bookseller  and 
printer  in  Wellington,  Salop,  aothotess 
of  several  well-known  rdigioiis  novels. 

8trickalthrow(ifm?i/t4/),  in  Oon- 
Welles  troop.— Sir  W.  Soott,  Wbodsto^ 
(time,  ()omoK>nwealth). 

Striotland  (ifr.),  the  »0inppidoiit 
httbaad;*  iA»  aujpBcta  Olarinda,  a 
yowBg  lady  -riaior,  of  tanupting  his 
aiifef  .aaspaelv  Jadniha,  hIa  w«lrd,  of 
lightness ;  and  suspects  his  wife  •(  kt- 
fliellty ;  tat  •aB  hk  saspidMi  Mng 
prswmd  fnmttidle«s  Iw  protmsee  reform. 

Jfra.  iWitdf/iwd^  wifc  tft  Ifr.  Btrietlmd, 
m.  oaodai  ai  disentiaB  and  good  natwe. 
She  not  only  givaa  iw  caaic  W  j^alovsr 
to  her  husband,  ^ut  n^var  tvaa  rasaola  his 
suspicions  or  returns  ffl[  tentper  in.  tlia 
same  coin. — Ih.  Hoadhr.  2iW  SiupiGJom 
JJusband  (1747). 

SMlM  Pakyns!  tka  DevKVi  in 

the  Hempe,  the  motto  of  the  Dak^rnsea. 
Hm  Nimfoaaia  to  an  e«e»y  of  liie  king^ 
who  had  tiliw  acf nge  in  a  pile  of  hemfk 
Dakyns,  having  nosed  tha  tni^  -vas 
exhorted  to  stnke  him  with  his  batU» 
axe  and  kill  him,  which  he  did.  Henet 
the  crest  of  the  ^mily — a  dexter 
holding  a  battle-axa. 


♦  •  • 


Striking  the  Shield,  a  call  to 
fcpUla  aoMC  t^  aaaiawt  fjiaeto. 

"8tilkatha««MenfiiiW4tf  taMi  il^bu^MtamB 
nwtHiig  gale.  TbeVmiMl  of  peaoe  is  not  kuwdM.  Mm 
tmnm  ituM  ham  aad  obev."  f|«  wtnt  K  itraek  M 
k^v  MtU,  mo  WUib  ih*  ndM  f«i#.  m«  soMt 
■pniMla  akmc  the  wood.  Deer  itait  hr  Iha  Iska  of  iossl 
..."  It  la  the  ihleld  of  wtf."  Mitf^Koiuiar.-OMlaa! 
,4.  ^~— . 


81X00117011.  called  "The  Great  Light- 
house of  the  Mediterranean  "  from  its 
volcano,  which  is  in  a  constant  blaze. 

Stoeng  (Ar.),  a  b«neirolaa(t«ld  aahool- 
master,  to  whom  0avtd  0>|^rfU^  wa« 
sent  whilst  fiving  with  Mr.  Wic^fieJd. 
The  old  doctor  doted  on  hit  young  wife 
Annie,'  and  supported  her  s6apegraca 
aomin  Jack-Maldon.— C,  Dickens.  Savid 
ihpperfiekl  (1919). 

ftrozig  HfA  and  WoBMB. 
ntaeos.  Atlas,   Dorsttn^  Oie   Indian 
Hercules,  Gay  earl  of  Warwick,  HarcalSs, 
3MUcgo>  son  of  Aaaon,  Basts  M  the  T 


8TB0NQBACK. 


8TUABT  ILL^ATBa 


Swede  (flni  Christuui  eeatary). 

Bbowv  ^ifof  PA«ifo),  aboot  fire  feet 
ilx  inehes  in  height,  well  proportioiied, 
lOond-fAced,  tad  niddy.  Slw  could  cum 
fDurteen  icore,  and  could  lift  a  hundred- 
weight with  each  hand  at  the  tame  tise. 
She  was  fond  of  poetry  and  music,  and 
her  chief  food  waa  milk. — W.  Button. 

Mitx>  of  CrotOna  could  carry  en  hk 
■hoalden  a  four-year-old  bullock,  and 
kill  it  with  a  tingle  blow  of  hit  fitt.  On 
one  oeeMion,  the  pillar  whtdi  tuppofted 
the  roof  of  a  honte  gave  way,  and  Milo 
held  up  the  whole  wnght  of  the  building 
with  hit  htfidt. 

Poltd'amai,  the  athWtit.  He  kiltod  n 
tton  with  a  blow  of  Ue  fitt,  and  eonld 
ttop  a  chariot  in  full  cantr  with  ene 
hand. 

ToPHAM  {TkomM)  of  London  (1719- 
1749).  He  could  lift  three  hogthtada  or 
liM  Ibt.;  could  heart  a  hone  over  a 
turnpike  gate ;  and  eenld  lift  two  hns- 
dredwelght  with  hit  little  finger. 

flltronglMMliL  one  of  the  teven  at- 
tmdtntt  of  Fortunio.  He  could  never 
be  overweighted,  and  could  fell  a  f orett  in 
a  few  hourt  without  fttigne. — Comtctte 
D'Aaaoy,  Fait$  Talet  ("  Feitnnio,'* 
1682). 

The  teothert  Grimm  have  introduced 
tbe  tale  of  *<  Fortunio  *'  in  their  QiMmt. 

Btrcmghow,  Gilbert  de  CUre,  who 
■ncoeeded  to  the  title  of  hit  brother,  the 
earl  of  Hertford,  in  1188,  andwat  created 
earl  of  Pembroke  (died  1149). 

Henry  II.  caUed  him  a  •'ftOte*'  or 

pteudo-earL** 


c< 


ton 


Skvmfhtm  (Ekhard   •(  8tr%nl) 
Kchard  de  Cmre  earl  of  Pembroke 
ef  GUberi  de  Qaie.    He  tucceeded 
mot  king  of  Leintter,  hit  fttfaer-in-law,  in 
1170,  and  died  1176. 


Tbr  Mri  «r  Urtoto  HMD.  ow 
Wild  Inind  WIKtlMiwonL 

Ptaytow,  ^lt$mtm,  rrilL  OCt>. 

Btmldbnigg,   the    inhabitantt    ai 
Luggnagg,  who  never  die. 

Ha  iMl 


tordwoT 

Strutt  (lordj,  the  king  of  Spam ; 
originally  Cnariet  II.  (who  died  without 
ittue),  but  alto  applied  to  hit  tuocettor 
PhiUppe  due  d*Anton,  called  "PhiUp 
lord  Strutt" 

I  BMd  not  %Ni  yM  W  iM  ^WaMMTCb  wDtt  MM 

iB«v  MicMMaflmrf  atam  Mm  ^Mth  of  Mm  tola 
■nrtt ;  oov  the  imnon  IsmnUmmt  ^vrtaoartra] .  . 
Mbi  to  MttteMi<itoto  wob  Mi  cnria  PhlHp  Btt 
to  *•  ff^wa  Ihatiil ■■!  iim 


Stryver  (iM.y),  of  the  Kine't 
Bar,  counael  for  tlw  defence  in  Dmaay't 
triaL 


■•anM 
Mk  of 


Bontjr  aat   phjriirallf)  toto  «MMaatai  ■■! 

IMib  HHK  ■■■■■■  WHMr  HI  IBIHBBIBK  BV  Wtm 


tL  tt 


•tatft  IlUF«ted<i:W  JSfom  eOf  M 
that  of  (Edipot. 

jAMsa  I.  of  Scotland,  poet,  muidefed 
by  oontpimtora  at  Ptoti^  in  tiha  totty- 
fourth  year  of  hit  age  (ISM,  1424-1487). 

Jambs  II.,  hit  ton,  killed  atthe 


JAMBS  11.,  Hit  ton,  uuta  at  tne  mcM 

of  Roxburgh,  aged  iO  (1480,  1487-14M). 

Jamm  III.,  Ut  ten,  was  ttabhed  in  kat 


flghtfrom  Bannockbum  by  a 
prittt,  aged  86  (14^  1460-14881 

(Hit  brother,  tbe  eari  of  Var, 
prisoned  In  14177,  and  dind  In 
1480.) 

Jambs  IY.,  his  son,  the  **CUvnlra«s 
Madman,"  was  defdOed  and  slain  a* 
Flodden,  aged  41  (1472,  1488-1518). 

Jambs  v.,  hit  ten,  was  defeated  al 
Solway  Mess,  November  26,  and  died  mi 
nief.  December  14,  aged  80  (1612, 1618- 

Mabt  qtrsBS  or  Soots,  dauHbter  e( 
James  Y.,  was  beheaded,  aged  44  ysart 
68  days  (1542,  1542-1687,  Old  Style). 

(Her  husband,  Henry  Stuart  Iwd 
Damley,  wat  murdered  (1541-1666). 
Her  niece,  Arabella  Stuait,  died  intnne 
in  the  Tower,  1576-1615.) 

Crablbs  I.,  her  gmndsso,  was  W- 
headed,  aged  48  yean  69  days  (1600, 
1626-16^). 

Charlbs  II.,  his  son^  was  In  exile 
from  1645  to  1661,  and  in  1666  occnncd 
the  Great  Fire  of  London,  in  1666  the 
Great  Plague ;  died  sged  64  yeaa  168 
days  (1680,  1661-1685). 

(Hit  favourite  chira,  a  natmnl  sen, 
defeated  at  Sed|^oor,  July  h,  was 
executed  at  a  traitor,  July  1&  aged  86^ 
1649-1686). 

James  II.,  brother  of  Charies,  and  ssn 
of  Charies  I.,  was  obliged  to  abdicate  to 
save  hit  life,  and  died  in  exile  (1688. 
leigned  1686-1688,  died  a  penmonsr  of 
Unit  Xiy«,  1701). 

Jambs  FsAxcia  Edwamd  *'  the  LndL- 
lets,**  hit  toUf  called  the  *«  Old  Pretender,** 
was  a  mere  cipher.  His  ton  Gharlet  came 
to  England  to  proclaim  him  king,  but 
was  defeated  at  Culloden,  leaving  8008 
dead  on  the  field  (1688-1766). 

Cmablbs  Edward,  the  **Ymmg  Pve-^ 

— >-  ** son  of  the  *' Old  Pntsiyler.** 


8TUAST  Of  ITALY. 


iTUTLT. 


After  tbe  dcfM*  afc  CiU1o4m  h«  fl«d  W 
Ff«Bee,  WM  banMhed  from  thai  kinsdoa, 
•ad  iitd  ai  Room  a  dnmkea  doUid 
(17S0-1788). 

Ubnbt  Bbnxdict,  cardinal  York,  the 
kut  of  tlie  laee,  waa  a  penaioncr  of  Qeoive 
III. 

Btiuurt  of  ttBij  (The  Mary)^  Jane 
I.  of  MaplM  (1327.  lU^Vi»2). 

Jane  Buuried  mx  oouan  Aaiitf  of 
H  angary,  who  waa  asBaiiinated  two 
years  after  his  manriaga,  whoa  the  widow 
■narried  the  aaaasain.  80  Mary  Stuart 
inarricd  her  cousin  lord  Damley,  1666, 
who  waa  mideted  1667,  aad  this  widow 
named  Bothwellt  the  asaaasin. 

Jaae  fled  to  Fsoreace,  U47,  and  waa 
fltfMigled  in  1882.  So  Hary  Stoait  fled 
to  Ewlaiid  in  1668^  and  was  pnt  to  death 
16S7  (Old  Style). 

Jmn^  like  Mary,  was  reauyrkaUe  for 
her  great  beanty,  her  brilliant  eoort,  her 
▼atoptan— ten,  and  the  atiea  of  genius 
hwwaieiaid  hev|  bot  Jane,  take  MaiT, 
also  notad  far  her  deplorahla  a*- 


*«*  La  Barpe  wrote  a  traoedy  ealled 
J^MMMs  de  Ntg^  (1765).  IdiiUer  has 
an  adaptation  of  it  (1821). 

Stuarts*  Fatal  Number  (7%^ 

This  number  is  88. 

JaneA  III.  waa  killed  fai  fli^  near 
Bannoekbnm,  1488. 

Mary  Stuart  was  beheaded  1688  (Kew 

rle). 

n.  of  Xa^aad  waa  dethroned 
IflSS. 

CSMtflea  Edwaid  died  1788. 

%•  Jmam  Stuart,  the  «*01d  Prs- 
•ender,*'  waa  bom  1688,  the  Tery  year 
tlMt  hu  fhther  abdicated. 

James  Stnttt.  the  ftiiewa  atshitset> 
died  1786. 

(Sone  aOiB  that  Robert  11.^  the  flrst 
Stuart  ki^,  died  1888,  the  year  of  the 
gnat  battle  of  Otterbum :  but  the  death 
of  this  king  is  more  usually  flxcd  in  the 

StnbUa  (iZratoi),  balHir  to  Farmer 
CorttBower,  rough  in  manner,  scTere  in 
diacipUne^a  stickler  for  duty,  '^a  plain, 
npright,  and  downright  man,**  true  to  his 
wSSSu  and  to  Umself.-C.  Dibdia,  2%s 
J!itr»m*$  Wife  (1780). 

atuMfi  Iha  beadle  at  WiUiogMai. 
The  BcY.  ifr.  Staunton  waa  the  reetor«— 
Sir  W.  Soott»  JhaH  ^  JMkikkm  ( 


tar  of  a^nie  Stubba,  ana  of  Wartfley^ 
neighbours.  —  Sir  W.  Scott,  Waverim 
(time,  Geoq;e  II.). 


8tufly  iMattkew),  an  applicant  ta 
Yelinspeck,  a  country  manager,  for  a 
situation  as  prompter,  for  which  he  says 
he  is  peculiarly  qualified  bv  that  affec- 
tion of  the  eyes  vulgarly  called  a  squint, 
which  enables  him  to  keep  one  eye  on  the 
performers  and  the  other  on  the*  book  at 
the  same  tima.~-(:harlea  Mathews,  M 
Heme  (1818). 


Btulctt^  (2  sy<.),  a  detaataUe 
**  *Twould  bo  as  easy  to  autke  him  honesi 
a8biaTe"(aetL2).  He  pretends  to  be  the 
friend  ed  Beverley,  but  cheats  him.  H9 
aspires  to  the  hand  of  Miss  Beveriey .  wha 
b  m  lef«  wiA  Lswsca^— £dwaid  Moeic^ 
The  Oamuter  (1768). 

mukefy  (  WUi),  the  companion  et  Ultto 
John,  la  the  morris-dance  on  May-day. 
Little  John  used  to  occupy  the  right  hand 
side  af  Bobin  Hood,  and  WiU  Stakelj  the 
left.    (See  Stutlt.) 

8hMy  (Cbptotti  Barry),  nephew  of  sfar 
Gilbert  Pumpkin  of  Strawberry  HalL— 
L  Jaokmaa,  iU/ M#  Wctl<r§  a  JSkige. 

Stupid  Boy  (Tk€)t  St.  Thomaa 
Aquinas ;  also  called  at  school  "The  Dumb 
Ox**  (1224-1274). 

Sturgaon  (Jfofor),  J.P.,  *<  the  fish- 
monger from  Brnitford,**  who  turned 
Tolunteer.  This  bragging  major  autkes 
lore  to  Mrs.  Jerry  Sneak.^S.  Foota,  I%$ 
J^nfor  0/  Qwrrvtt  (1768). 

'  *  ^^  ^t^^  **  *  ^^^  ■■■^■^ 

I  fetM   SNMlflBVA  !• 

to  A0km,  aiMi  A0IM  to  UskcM 


a>to  •m  am  iMtaiqMMoiito  BaaMtov  1 


0mm 

fIblMt 


whm  OMdd  li  touMli«:  tot.  toning  i 
IM*  to  toe  Ml,  mU  adslit  to  atoM  tt 
^..^  to  iiniiM  >  |ilp<y«.  ttot  w  wlglH  toto  tt«»»llowt 
fa  flank.  aiMl  Noure  a  Ttttrmi.  wto  ihould  oqom  by  tot  a 
<wwoftotoMBfarBtoiafld<.  Tto^raaMtoat  toftoat. 
•d  in  tto  raar.  tto «a«a  Ml  ap a sirifop;  an 
aniariaf  ap«i  ai.  tottto  tkroM^oar  rank* 

^aad  ttonrlto  «toto««9i  liitocMia 

LI. 


Stunnthal  (JMdMr),  the  bmmerst 
of  Berne,  one  of  the  Swiss  deputies. — Sir 
W.  Seott,  itwif  0/ &A«r4«0m  (ttea,  Edward 
IV.). 

Stutty  (WSU))  toroetimea  ealled  Witt 
Stukelyy  a  companion  of  Little  John.  la 
the  morria-dance  on  Maynlapr,  little  John 
occupied  the  right  hand  side  of  Bobin 
Hood,  and  WiO  Stutly  the  left.  Hia 
from  the  absiilf  a<   [Notts]  Ir 


tnru& 


suoEmr. 


ttM  nMn  U«o4  ballftdg. 

Wli«B  BoMb  Hoed  in  tlM  I 


Vader  the  croctivood  tim 
ttk^li  flMmlMM  lo  Mm  iM 

Itet  Wl&Stuiqr«iirpri<i!d  WM^ 

An4  vfce  In  pntoa  l«r ; 
rkm  rwMi  tfeal  tiM  rtMriil  Unri, 

JvOvfW  W0099  jMKiiVVI^  W*M  &99tm^t  ■▼■  XVl 

Styles  (Tom  or  /oAh)  or  Tom  o'  Styles^ 
m  pniAMt  DAine  ftt  one  time  used  l^  Uwyeit 
in  actions  of  ejectment.  J«ok  Noakee 
Mid  Tom  Stflea  iia«d  to  act  in  Uw  the 

Cthat  y  or  M  acto  in  Ac  ohurch.    Tkm 
I  Actios  hav  been  alMrfiphcd. 

I  hav*  no  ooBD^etloa  wUh  tb*  camMnj  ftirthcr  tfuai 

*«*  T«m  Stylet,  Jack  Noakcs.  Jobs 
Doc,  and  Bicbard  Roe  aie  all  Mii. 
BArriaca  of  the  \egi»X  i»rofaflaioi^  mnmna 
€t  prceUrea  nihil. 


The 


SlgiK,  OM  of  tlie  five  man  o£  Jbcll. 
ac  outn 

frief*'>,  Coc^ 
liWg^Qion'(**thc  river  ol  liquid  fire  ^« 


K,  go*  m.  MIS  MVB  rvTvra  ok.  «bu. 
Atn  arc  Ach'cron  ('*tlic  river  ol 
y,  Cocjtuift  (*'  the  river  of  wailibg^V 


andTx:'th6  ("the  river  of   obUvion"; 
Styx  means  **  the  river  of  hate.**   (jG 
itvgeOf  •*  1  hatc^ 

AbhoiTNl  Styx,  the  flood  <tf  dcadlr  hate ; 


tma4  Ml  ne  hmM w«miij  III 


WlMM  w»«i»  of  tovm^  Am  liiflwM  wUk 
rmr  cm  from  th«««.  •  now  uad  4l«nt  aUMw, 
Letb«.  the  river  of  obllvloa.  foHe. 

XDan^  places  the  rivers  ia  different 
of  the  lafcmo;  thus,  he  makes  the 
Achtten  divide  the  boraer4aBd  fr<M» 
limbo.  The  former,  realm  is  for  tiie 
^  praJeelffsw  and  the*  blamdeas  deadi^ 
4iml»o  is  ^  the  vnbaaiised.  He  pliwm 
Ihc  S^gijm  Lake  of  ''iokx  hne**  in  the 
iiftk  cHc^  tlie  reaki  ef  thoce  who  pul  ae 
restraint  on  their  anger.  The  fire-stfesai 
ef  PUegcthon  he  fixes  to  the  eighth  steem 
the  **hell  of  botning  where  it  mows 
flakes  el  fire,"  and  where  bUaphemea 
ttre  couOncd.  He  places-  **tbe  fimcB 
river**  of  Cocytna  in  (he  tenth  |>it  of 
Malebolg^  a  region  of  thick-ribbed  ieci 
the  lew»s»4epth  ol  hall»  where  JtMJas  »nd 
Lncifer  aw  ini>riseiied«  l«th^  he  saye^ 
hk,m  river  ef  heU  at^U,  bat  it  is  the  one 
wish  of  all  the  infemals  to  set  to  it,  thai 
the^  may  drink  its  water  and  f  onnt  their 
torments;  being,  however,  ln'*!Nii«fc- 
tory,**  they  can  never  get  near  it. — Tke 
ZKvme  Comedy  (1800-11). 

Subtle,  the  "alehcMi^t,**  m  aitfkd 
f^ackf  i«he  pieteoda  to  be  04^  t)|B  eve  el 


IIyrfcui*e  IfauuMMi^  a  neh  Iraigftit,  ie  hJe 
priselfMA  dvi|M,  tnA  hjr  tto  mean^  tun  ovfy 
one.— Ben  Jonson,  J^  Aichemkt  (f«10>I 

8ubti4f  an  Englishman  settled  in  Paris* 
He  earns  a  liting  by  the  follies  of  hie 
countrymen  who  visit  the  gay  capital. 

Mrt.  MMe,  wife  bf  Hr.  SuMle,  ani  a 
help-meet  fer  htflH—Foete,  Tkg  ^tgiitk^ 

Subtle  Doctor  (The),  Duns  Scotnsi, 
famous  for  bis  meta|>bysical  tpeculatiooa 
in  theology  (136^1808). 

mike 


of  London, 
hesD^  the  cUef 
idcb** 


of  the   «« 
ec  nome 


dieftriet  <*i|faa 
cilia.** 


0uU  VUlTtUUL  JafcabH; 
i*  «v«laMie^  stHib  nftti  «ie  Pi«e«l 

The  former  live  under  ground ' 


*«ei|tht  mflee  detp  aii««iglrtf  lowMi  ***  the 
lftlkere«'««tie  upper  mUM*^  B^rfeue- 
mcr  the  undcr-grenMi  lenBtiee  eeaM^te  Mie 


auflace  to  attack  the  *'grMindei9,**  but  at 
the  approach  of  Winter,  slink  back  Wim 
into  their  hoilft.^-S*  Butler,  ne  Etej^iaiU 
%n  the  i^bon  (1754). 


SKWft* 


Jii«!^&«bhel?!|l%i7*fli  *  eeSnTh^  m 
bMiia,  and  the  okject  of  the  play  ia  te 
represent  the  tyvaii^y  of  the  old  r^^tm, 
miA  th»  feed  infioepce  ef  tha  British 
element,  represented  by  Ba«rett  tiff 
»ff«l  ytnfviciaa.  The  meim  1mm  la  an 
iirtroducBon  to  the  dungeees,  end  the  i»> 
iMAena  ncfriect  of  the  pweBPiw,  amongal 

Ehoa  is  Arafctlls,  the  a«ltan*8  bek>v«4 
nglish  wife,  whom  he  hat  heca  scaidw 
ing  for  unsuccessfully  for  fifteen  yeara. 
Baswell  raceives  the  royal  sS^JncC,  and  ia 
entrusted  with  unlimited  powvr  bf  Ibe 
sultaa.  M 

BlMkflit  (Xfifd)*  defeodaat  in  th* 
great  Pantagruelian  lawsuit,  known  na 
**lord  Buso^ue  c.  lord  Suckflst,**  in  which 
the  plaiflW  flhd  detoidant  yieaii*  in 
pci'Bott.  ANer  heating  thecaae,  the 
ieelarci,  ^We  hnfe-net  undtWtot 
single  circumstance  of  the  matter  en 


SiKnCU  TOOLS; 


the  court  folly  persuaded  th«^4te  iiitdiit 
wm  In  hi*  own  iftvoar,  th«y  -veto  lK>th 
lugM^  uUiistttd,  *' A  tMng witlMut  tmubMI 
in  the  Aixnls  of  the  kwr/^Rahotwir> 
l^MOi^rMC,  if.  11-18  (1633^ 

Suckle  Fools.  lago  say*  the  ute  of 
»  wife  is 

lb  mekh  focli.  and  chronlde  mall  beer. 

SMkeqwara.  OcAoOo,  act  U.  k.  1  (lAlX 

Sculdledhop  (Benicmun),  **  {he  most 
renowned  barber  in  arf  Fleet  Street.**  A 
fhin,  half-ctarved  creature. 

Ikune  Ursula  Suddtechop,  the  barber's 

wife.    "  She  could  contrive  interviewB  for 

lorers,  and  reKeve  frail  fair  ones  of  the 

bufden  of  a  guilty  passion.**    She  bad 

been  a  pupil  of  Mrs.  Turner,  -and  learnt 

of^her  the  secret  of  inakhig  y«low  starch, 

and  two  or  three  other  prescriptions  mote 

lucrative  stilt.    The  dame  was  scsreely 

40  years  of  age,  of  fuH  form  and  come^ 

f^atures^  with  a  joyous,  good-homonred 

expression. 

IltoneVmlafiadaoqwIntaiieee.. .  aAotif  Ihe qoallty. 
Mi  lahtahMnl  kar  lataMsona .  .  .  iMrt^  l^ditfteca 
Is  McAuoM*  eMiBeML  mmdi^Ibii  kaiMl^HM  (nM 
t.  not  16  mendbn  ith^L  oT  Tarlooe  ctaaa^ttkMig, 

aDF  ih^  Via  of  HMRitrttMa  yMref  feyoC 
«eM  ar  lea  MMieIdd  wKk  tba  «eo|ei|e  bi*ii 
IWjfewfcy.    Mr  w.  Seott,  fanunm  vf  Jftfel, 

Suds  (Mr$.),  any  washerwoman  or 


knckeaof  tier 
fl,  m.  (tfana. 


Soarpo  flaiKto,  called  St.  Elmo, 
Castor  and  Pottux,  St.  Hertdesf  »e9Ha- 
saat  or  eleolrie  Hght  oeeailonatty  seen  eti 
a  8hip*s  mast  before  or  afMr  a  sCersi. 

1 4ammmikm  . .  .  theiv  cMna  von  tka  (onaeaC  oar 
tha  t^aataMi  isi  Sm  ffueaiia 


llgb*  ee»liMMS  ateocd  aw  ifedip  alina  Uicea  iNMires.  trlac 
^lam  .jBMSa  16  mkte,  aii4  ftoaa  top  to  top.— Hadavt. 


Suiltision.  So  that  dimness  e(  si|^ 
iM^^aUMHrhWhpiecede8<ii  cataract.  Itwas 
moem  ftboH^t  taat  a  caiaiact  was  a  thin 
61iD  i^wmg  externally  over  the  eve  and 
Telling  the  sight  i  but  it  is  now  known 
that  the  seal  oi  the  disease  is  the 
ciystilHee  haasoar  (between  the  outer 
eesA  ef  the  eye  and  the  pefiUa).  Couch- 
kag  lor  thi^  djaease  is  parfomed  wUh  a 
needle,  which  is  passed  through  the  ex- 
tOTnai  oeat,  and  driven  into  the  crystaffiAe 
luunopr.    (^  Pkop  SjcftSKK.) 

So  dikk  a  "drop  Mtme"  hatli  quenched  tbeir  orb«, 
<lr«Mi**HSteio«''teliBd. 

SqIgiIiIm  fHwi  SoolcB. 
CUtOM'mioTM,  the  Aoedemie  jpM6- 

40'piier,  kHvss  ■nHHMifraRePVSBSHS^  i^asws 
Pkadony  that  he  might  enjoy  the  happiMM 
«f  thfefiitnTeliiMe^nrhantiagiydescn^. 


hesaetf  4m.  iplson,  after  reading  €i«elhe*e 
Sorrows  of  Wtrtker, 

Sdiifi-Slfbd'da^  oae  of  the  two  steeds 
of  CukbtiMin  genetal  of  the  Irish  tribea* 
The  neme  of  the  othec  was  DusroonaL 

Beten  the  ricM  Mde  af  the  or  le  laeK  the  aerllna 
iKine;  tba  hii^-iMuied.  btoad-bfieaated.  proud,  wkle- 
leaplng;  vtromrMeedor  thebOL  Load  and  reeotnidbifr  li 
Me  hool )  Sba  eiMMiingnf  his  awoa  abaw  k  Uka  a  MTHMi 
oC  moke  on  a  rMnflfreelu.  BrisM  are  the  ddee  ef  kta 
Meed.   "Bh  uune  to  SidUi4HlMlda.-0«lan.  fingal,  L 

Dovonnal  tnorted  ever  the  bodtae  of 
tlal)lagi.i^Ditte 


8ulk7  (ifr.),  cxectrtor  of  Mr.  Warren, 

and  partner  in  l)otnton*s  bank.    With  a 

•alky,  gnunpf  exterioc,  he  has  a  kind 

heart,   and  is  strictly    honest     Whet) 

Domton  as   brought   to    the   brink   td 

nun  by  his  son's  extravagance,  Sulky 

comes  noblr  forward  to  the  fescue.    (See 

Silky.)— T.  Holcroft,  Tfie  Boad  to  Ruin 

(1792). 

And  oh  I  ipr  monopoly.    Wbat «  Meet  der* 

When  (be  knk  and  die  dlk  ikalLltt  fbnd  coiablnatioB 
(UkaSallc;  and  8III17.  that  peArftillie  phqr). 
"Tiy  out  with  one'volee  flor**hlgh  renU'*and  "statm. 
tkm"  *  , 

11  Moen.  a*  «»  Ac  0«Meer  «bree  <m. 


'  Bvttett  {Bfitire),  aoii  ef  hiOy  Bhehti- 
ful  b^  bar  first  hnsbeAd.  He  Buui^ed 
the  sister  ef  sir  Cfaseles  Frsenad,  bat 
after  loaeteen  deaths  theto  tAmpefs  and 
dispositions  were  fcond  se  iaeowpetibto 
that  they  mutoeUy  agreed  to  a  divorce. 

Re  mjt  little,  thlnki  Itm.  and  deee  nothing  at  alL 
Fabb  t  but  he's  a  wan  of  fli«ifc  ertate.  and"  valMa  no- 
body.-AeCLt  ^^  ' 

Paw*  »ailher.  rir  WIM  WltWMiU.  eb  Fhuide 
Wraoi^ead.  Kpiire  VaeMm.  aiplre  8aaen.-4aGli  wcle 
the  people  who  imnpoMd  Oe  main  sCreucth  oT  the  Uitr 
partjr  Cor  ilxty  yean  after  the  liavoluaon^— baM  " 


*.* 


*<PttMm  Trulliber,**  in  Joseph 
pt  4br  fieUiw)!  '«sir  Wflful 
Witwould  "  in  Tim  mm  of  Or  OMIT 
(C^onfl^^;  *'sir  FmBm  Wionghead,*' 
ie  91»  Brvwiksd  Ouabema  (by  Cibber) ; 
**8qnpe  WestesBp**  i^  Zkm  Jams  <by 
Fiel4iBg)» 

J/r&  Sullm.  sister  oi  sir  diaries  Fiee- 
mao,  a^dwife  of  squire  9vlW  lli^ 
had  been  married  Xoiuleen  monlha  wIn^ 
they  agreed  mutually  to  a  sepaMtion,  for 
in  no  one  single  point  was  tbeie  any  eon^ 
patibiUty  between  them.  The  squire  was 
e«ttte,  tte  hufy  sprightlv?  be  eoald  not 
drink  tea  with  her,  and  she  eenld  not 
drink  ale  with  him  ;  he  hated  ombre  and 
picket,  she  hated  cock-fighting  and 
racitig;  he  would  not  dance,  anid  she 
would  not  hunt.  Mrs.  Sullen  liked  Aiche^ 
friend  of  Thomas  viscount  Aimwell,  both 
fortune-hunters ;  and  squire  Sullen,  when 
he  separated  from  his  wife,  was  obliged  te 


gUUKAUJL 


8UH  OH  BAflim  DAT. 


witi  her  m  a  dowiy. — Geom  FaiyihOT, 

I%«  JBmrup'  Sirakufem  (1707). 

SuUlf  alla^  dAoghter  of  OmMc  king 
of  InW-HimA  And  bin  wife  Ooa-galo. 
DitgnJMd  M  ft  warrior,  Sal-Malla  foUowt 
Cawiiior  to  ttie  war ;  bat  Catiunor,  walk- 
fau;  bia  roondt,  diicorerB  Sul-Malla  asleep, 
lull  in  lore  with  her,  bat  ezcUiiiis, 
**  Thia  ia  no  tine  for  love.**  He  strikes 
hia  shield  to  roose  the  host  to  battle,  and 
is  slain  b^  FingaL  Hm  seqoel  of  SoU 
Malla  ia  not  giYea. 

tmm.    mm  aini  *•  wM.    "Whm  «t 
aTHSht?    fiBatm llrMi (te M««r POck. aw 
«y«lMrt   AmIh 
dM  bedoffOMt   M  BMl 


H    fbttoi 


) 


Saltan**  Hone  (7%^).  Accordhifr 
to  traditioB,  nothing  wiU  grow  where  nc 
8Bltan*B  hone  treads. 


mH»  Mir  ibnik^  Mr 


Bqmmiift    (Sea  BxAaosa.) 

Smnmar  of  All  flalnts,  tlie  fine 
weather  which  generally  oocars  in  Oc- 
tober iKl  Horesber;  also  caUed  ik. 
Martin's  flouncr  (L'O^  4k  &  Martm) 
and  Si.  Lake's  Soon 


An  HaUowei 
•^AUSainU^Sammet.** 


«rii 

All  Saints'  Day,  November  1;  St 
Martin's  Day,  Noremher  11 ;  Si.  Lake's 
Day,  October  18. 

BraMt  84.  Mutiii'k  HMmar.  kafcrai  *««. 
TilMfcMli ■— .  1  J/mrw  r/.  aetl  m.  t tum 

iatheaaMM 

BvBUBMrlAnd,  efipoead  to  be  ttie 
Crimea  or  Constantinople  ^ever  the 
Basy  Sea."  This  is  given  br  Thossas 
Jones  ef  Tregaron  as  the  plaee  from 
which  the  BrUons  originally  emigrated. 
— T.  Jones,  Th§  Biitorioal  T^rimS  (six- 
teenth eentuy). 

Hawdov.) 

Summons  to  I>eath. 

JAcguss  MoLAT,  grand-maater  of  the 
Knights  Templara,  as  he  was  led  to  the 
stake,  summoned  the  pope  ^Clement  T.) 
within  forty  days,  and  the  king  (Philippe 
lY.)  within  forty  weeks,  to  appear  before 
the  throne  of   Ood  to  answer  for  his 


M 


Fm 


MoHTKiCAi.  dI'Almamo,  Called 
Moriale,**  knight  of  St.  John  ef 
lea.  and  captain  of  the  Grand  Co«paay 
in  the  fourteenth  centory,  when  sentisiBBd 
to  death  by  Rienai,  summoned  him  to 
follow  witmn  the  month.  Kiemd  wm 
within  the  month  killed  by  tiht  flekk 


Fsmt  and  Jokit  db  GABTAJAii, 
eondemned  to  death  on  eii 
evidence  alone,  appealed,  but  withoirt 
success,  to  Ferdinand  IT.  of  Spain.  Oa 
their  way  to  execution,  they  dedaied 
their  innocence,  and  summooea  the  king 
to  appear  before  God  within  .thir^  days. 
Ferdinand  was  quite  well  on  the  thirtietli 
day,  but  was  found  dead  in  hia  bed  noct 
morning. 

GaoBuB  WiSHABT,  a  Scoi^  refonuer. 
was  condemned  to  the  stake  by  cardinal 
Beaton.  While  the  fire  was  blazing 
about  him,  the  martyr  exclaimed  in  n 
load  voic^  **He  who  from  yoa  hi^ 
place  beholdeth  me  with  such  pride,  shall 
M  broni^  low,  even  to  the  gioond,  b«- 
fora  the  trees  whieh  have  supplied 
fsggota  have  shed  their  leavea.**  it 
March  when  these  worda  were 
and  the  csifdjnsl  died  in  June. 

Son  (7%e).    The  device  of  Bdwni 
III.  was  the  sun  burstiag  through  a  cloud. 

.^Mk    VA„m»wA    III     ia    jmIImI   U^knv   k*ML. 


Henoe  £dward  IIL  is  called  **  our 
faced  sun.  *— Shakespeare,  S  Mmry  VL 
act  iv.  ac  1  (1693). 

Am  iOU$  4  «l#).  Bhodet  was  so 
called,  because  Apollo  waa  tta  tutelar 
deity.  On  or  HeUopOlis,  in  Ekypt.  wna 
a   sun-city  (Clreei^   keUo$  potSf    **ava 

Bun  Inn,  Westminster.  lUa  sign 
was  adopted  Secanse  it  was  the  badge  of 
Richard  II.  The  «<  sun  "  was  tte  eogid- 
sanoe  of  the  house  of  York. 


BlOBti     ("I 

and  AmeUiea  (<*no  loiterer**),  i£tlioB 
("fiery  red")  and  Pyrols  rfire*0; 
Lampos  ("shininii^  Uke  a  lamp"),  need 
only  at  noon;  Philog«a  (" eifiugeoca **), 
uasd  only  ia  the  westering  course. 

V  PhaHea  ("the  shimng  ope  '0  ^n^ 
Abmxas  (the  Greek  nnmenl  for  866) 
wei<s  the  hosBsa  el  Aofun  er  Ifae 


Bon  on  BMtsr  Day.   ft 


SUNDAY. 


SUPSSSTITIOKib 


onEacter 


Day. 

II*  am  apoB  urn  iMlar  Dv 
blMlfMiteaAiitM. 


Ti» 


DV. 


Snndajr  it  tlie  day  wh«i  wit^M  do 


«■• 


Bunflowor  (  The)  b  to  called  nniply 
becaaic  Ihe  flowor  retemblot  a  pictiiro- 
aan,  with  lu  yallow  petalu  likeimys  round 
its  dark  disc  Thomaa  Moors  if  quite  in 
error  when  he  tart  it  tnrnt  towMds  the 
son.  I  hare  had  tnailowefB  tomiog  to 
eveiy  point  of  the  eompass,  and  after 
Mtfvowly  wntehi*;  them,  hare  ttan  in 
tkea  BO  lindency  to  torn  towavii  the 
muif  or  to  ihift  their  direction. 


Sualth^OMof  the  six  Win  ICenoC 
the  Batt  led  by  the  guidiog  ttar  to  Jeana. 
He  had  three  holy  daoghtera. — Klo»- 
ateek,  HWiteMiA,  «.  (1771). 

Sanitun**  Marbled  Steep,  tape 
Oolint,  eeca  trowned  witii  a  ttmple  of 


Bmiidiiiie  of  8t  BalAlie"  (8  9^.), 
Erangeline. 


Saper  Onunmaf ioaai,  Sigianumd 

emperor  of  Gemany  (1^  1411-1487). 


I? 


TSoSSfSm^ 


fiM  \\mmim\\uy-A 

Soperb  {Th$).  Gcn&i  it  called  Zm 
A^MrMi  trom  itt  general  appearance  from 
the 


Supervtttioiie  about  Animals 
Aht.    When  aota  an  ■noraally  busy, 

ioel  weather  it  at  hand. 
Anta  never  ileep. — ^BoienoB,  Ndlmn,  vt, 
▲nts  lar  np  food  for  winter  ue. — 

Piroe.  Ti.  is  \  XXX.  36. 


eBKt  tee  an  entidett  to 

Aaa.  TSe  mark  running  down  the  baek 
ef  an  ass,  and  cot  at  fight  aagleaorer  the 
dionlden,  ia  the  croea  of  Christ,  impreeaed 
en  the  animal  because  Christ  rode  on  aa 
aaa  in  Hia  triumphant  entry  into  Jenua- 
lem. 

Three  holrt  taken  from  tiie  "  croit  **  of 
an  aaa  will  cure  ttie  hoopiug-couffh,  but 
the  aaa  from  which  the  hain  ace  plncked 
will  die. 

The  aaa  it  deaf  to  music,  and  hence 
JLpoUo  gave  Midas  the  ears  of  an  ass, 
because  ne  prefenred  the  piping  of  Pan 
to  the  music  of  ApoIlo*s  lute. 

Baumaolb.  a  barnacle  brokea  oiE  a 
ship  turns  i*jto  a  Solan  gooee. 

l—lMU<|r  %  mmtmk,  and  pwntly  «  grMit  tomt, 
Mii1».  flb  Mil (MM). 

BAaiusK.    The  haailisk  eaa  kfll  at  a 
by  the  «•  poison  **  eC  ita  giaaea^ 


The  eah  of  a 

into  shape  and  life  by  ita 


iaiiohei 


It  to  Akaiv 
iMvi  r»«  AMMtaii.  L  Mi  (rai. 

BsATsa.  When  abeaTer  ia hnated,  it 
bites  ofF  the  part  which  the  hnatera  taak^ 
and  then,  staadinc  upright,  thows  the 
hunters   it  is   useust    to  contiant   the 

Sirsuit. — Rugenius    Philalethes,     Brief 
oterW  Hieiorif,  8». 

Bbb.  If  bees  swarm  on  a  rotten  tret, 
a  death  in  the  family  will  occnr  within 
tiie  twelvemonth. 

urn  %  idU—  inik  lb»  htm  I  iplti, 

QW.  Pmmrml,  r.  0714. 

will  never  thrive  if  yea  quami 
with  them  or  about  them. 

If  a  member  of  the  faaul^  diet  aad  the 
bees  are  not  put  into  mourning,  tiiey  wUl 


It  is  unlttcky  for  a  stnqr  twarm  o< 
to  flight  on  your  premiseo. 

BBBTua.    Battist  ate  both  deef  aad 
blind. 

Cat.    When  eata  wath  tiieir  ears  more 
than  usual,  min  is  at  hand. 


The  sneezing  of  a  eat  indicatea  good 
luck  to  a  bride. 


Fells  Mt  %ffMnm  gignwilt 
BolMt 


i«i»iiiar. 


If  a  cat  sneeses  thrice,  a  ooid  will  mn 
through  the  family. 
Satan's  favourite  form  it  that  of  a 


supBBamiOHS. 


UikmUtiM  id 


tcL  Mt  OL  kTI 


mmd  JtOUt, 


CBAMBitKOVS  live  on  sir  only. 

I  M«  Un  Mt  dM  air  Cor  food. 
Uofi.f1U( 

Cmr.  Tf  s  nriUnmrnid  neglects  to  wa<h 
her  hMids  mfter  milkiog,  her  eawt  will 
godiy. 

CutiC  cowf  here  cnrt  horni.  Cvrti 
meene  '^angry,  fleroe.** 

<M  ■n4i  A  amt  cow  ibOTt 


Cbickbt.  Crickets  bring  ^ood  Mck 
to  »  hooae.  To  kill  criekett  as  nalvcky. 
If  cfiokete  leweke  s  iMiue,  e  death  in 

MkMripM  «f  tetfc  i»«Mta  %  MM,  IT  *•  mMMi 
t*r.  a. 

Caoeemuw  mmm  mhA  sigh,  like  per- 
MM  in  fViBtitfi^  l»  allare  tfivelkn  and 
noAke  theni-Ahiii  ^rqr. 


Wllk 


tHeydevoaiw 


in  Mt  UL  K.  1  (unK 
•T«r  Ae  pnj  wUch 


ft«>.-S«Okar.  JtnffOV  ^«$U*r  (lO^ 

Pftol  Lucas  tells  as  that  the  buvoHng- 
hini  mad  lapwing  enter  fearlessly  the 
crocodile's  mouth,  and  the  ofeature  nevv 
injures  them,  because  thty  pick  ita  teetlb 
—  Voyage  ftui  tftt  1744. 

Crow.  If  a  otow  eaoaka  sa  edd  nam- 
bsr  of  times,  look  out  for  foul  weather ; 
ItA  fvwi  tittttiker,  it  will  be  ilne. 

[Th*  $uptrHUUm$]  HMn  In  the  monriiqr  whctlMr  lb* 
vnUMT.— Dr.  HaM,  Ckurocint^  r«itmm  amA  r<«M.ir. 

If  a  crow  flies  over  a  bettse  wmA 
tfMd<s%   it  ia  »  bod 
Elminthologia,  d71  (IM6). 

If  A  4row  inttav  abani  * 
caws,  it  forebodes  a  death. 


and 


FhiU«rinc  *bout  1 


\ng  Iwut  c«wnMiAt»  pi  (HMrtlQ^  mum*. 
Miknton,  ilftfpMfo  anOWimdA.  tl.  (1009). 

fl^fvnl erowf  lluttoredalbpaf  the iMid of Cloero 00  th* 
4>y  l>e  mw  iiiuiilgiwl  ty  f o|H!!u«  iamn  .  ..  Diie«rtliaai 

If  crows  flock  together  early  in  the 
morning,  and  gape  at  the  sub,  the  weather 
win  be  hot  and  dry ;  bat  if  thev  stalk 
■t  nMtflalt  iBta  w«ter,  and  otoak,  rain 
is  at  hand.— WilUfoid,  Ifaim^s  Sfcrtf, 


in  a  flock,  it  forebodes  a : 

mmf  to  Me  'Atkfmtn  Or&dey  41Jb 

Dbath-watcu.    The  clicking  or  tap- 
piBgoi^a»etleeaUedadsatinratcfais 

hopss. 


Doa.  If  dogs  howl  by  night  near  a 
faouae,  li  presages  the  death  of  a  nek 
inmate. 


iBtU 


lyMi 


,1M*i 


Wh«i  dofi  waUair  ia  Mm  dast» 
foal  WMbhar:  *^C«ds  is  palres 


EcniiruB.  An  echfnns,  fastening  tl 
OD  a  sfaiB's  keeL  will  aMirt  Itf  tM^m 
Mka  to  aaehoi.    PMny,  JMwrM  JfigCery, 

Eoo.     Hie  tantti  egg  ia  alwaya  Ite 

laijtest. 


Elephavt,,    GlcyhaBts  ealffbfale 
li|^ous  riiaa.-^PUay,    Jfmturml  iHdanf^ 
Tui.  U 

Slephaota  have  no  kness. — Eugenina 
PkiUlethea,  Bn^  Natmal  Bitim^  m. 

the  «l«phMit  hath  JolBtB.  but  nooe  f«r 
lep  art   for   MoaHlljr.  aot  far 


fish  you  have  canght^yoa  wfll*«atdl  na 
more  that  day. 

Froo.    To  meel  -a  frag  k  locky,  in- 
dioatiagtfaait  the  person  is  i^otto  reerire 

■Boney. 


WheB  frogs  croak  more  than  aaaal^  ijt 
if  a  sign  of  bad  we^^ 

Gui5EA-riG.    A  gtunea-i^  has    no 
ears. 

Haddock.  The  black  spot  on  eadi 
iltenf  a  haOfloek,  nMT  tbeJflK  la  the 
imvressiaB  9i  St.  rater's  finger  and 
thumb,  when  he  teak  Aa  triWUBBi 
iKMn  Hie  fiah^  moatfi. 


■Mutiorst.  Petci^aiMiBivta«a«caiife»4teftarik 


aopKBsnnon.  i 

,    If  «  dog  bUo  yoa,  mt  ■*>! 

,.iDce     mnr      be     pNveaUd      b; 

•pplriDj  -UiTCa  of  tbe  diig  ■  bun  to  tlw 


T**^=?V3 


Hari!.  tt  il  anluckf  if  ■  lure  nin« 
acTou  ■  rout  in  front  of  ■  (nvtlter.  Tlie 
Ronuui   ancoji   coiuidered   thii   ta   ill 

llVM.f7IUNn. 

It  WM  believed  4t  one  tini 


Uedntaogp  hnwa  • 
saBin*  tlmm.  BidM>«ni,  OarA*^  tAe 
Mmmt,UBimiO). 

Hedgehog  fuUn  on  tbe  dngi  of  eon, 
mU  dlitin  d  the  nUk. 

HoRSK.  U  •  puMni  ■Jeiing  tnm 
hoopinginingb  aike  adnn  of  ■  man 
ridiu;  «n  »  ptebaM  bona,  tin  naltdy 
will  G)  evndiy  aung  wlut  Ihe  dho  lelb 

Jackau  The  jtckd  ta  the  lian'a  pro- 
▼ider.  It  hnnt<  with  the  lion,  ud  pro- 
vide* it  with  taod  bjr  itutiojc  pn^  m 
dog)  sUrt  gwoe. 

Ladi-dcu.  It  il  DDlwk7  to  kin  a 
lady-bug. 

Lioa.   IlwDoDwai  notinji 


JtBlogi  of  'a.  Same  u;  becuise  the  cock 
wiua  »  •nwn  (iu  creaL),  ind  othcn 
becuue  it  coma  idaibanyal  paaiKa 
"  booted  nM  tpaned." 


Il  bora  deul,  uid  remalD)  ■ 


(  DMgpte  if  OD- 


MASnc.    Ta  aee 

iactj )  t>  M*  Am  dc 

B  omrriage  t  ta  aee   Mtm,   a  ■uceedBtul 


SDPBBSTITIOirS. 


.     iro  magirifla  flying  to. 
gethei  t*  ttodgtrt  nnlncky. 

-re* 


ntai&ed  tb*l  man   hai 

tnrir.    phrte,    wd    IkaaxMi    and  tk*. 
~  "...         Bianfc,  aalaa,  and 


SUPfiKSTTnONS. 


snFKRsnnoNs. 


"  WMn  voif  bjrrdti  bs 
WHh  mj  blooae  I  them  nufUb  jrtwtmy 

8crT|4im  doth  reeori. 

The  MOM  dyd  ow  Lora, 
AM  ran  from  delh  to  l/os  (Hf«) 

Shalto^  Armmmrp  ^  flyJH  (iM 

And.  Uka  th«  kind.  H 


t  thMn  wHh  my  hlood. 


Phoekix.  Tb«re  is  but  one  phoenix  fai 
th*  world,  which,  alter  aumy  hnndrcd 
years,  bums  itself,  and  from  its 


iipotfasr  phoBoix  rises  up. 

Hov  I  wm  heHev*.  .  .  .  ttet  la 
ThtM  li  one  tw»  Umi 

The  phoenix  is  said  te  have  fiftr 
orifices  m  its  bill,  continned  to  its  taiL 
After  UWm  its  1000  or  600  years,  it 
bailds  itself  a  fnneial  pile,  sings  «  ne* 
lodioos  eleffy,  flaps  its  wings  to  fsa  the 
fire,  and  is  bamt  to  ashes. 

The  aaehMtod  pae  or  llwt  iMMlf  bM 

Wboil—iOlihehMthbowdetahfh 
kxA  hi  mwk  — djwrftime  dies  Avajr. 
T.1loora,  UiU  gm*h  {"  ArMbe  md  dko  Fari."  ttV}. 

The  phcenix  has  appeared  fire  times  in 
E(01>t :  (1)  in  the  reign  of  Sesostiis ;  (t) 
in  the  reign  of  Amfisu ;  (8)  in  the  reign 
of  Ptolemv  Philadelphos ;  (4)  a  UtUe 
prior  to  the  death  of  Tiberius ;  and  (6) 
during  the  reign  of  Constantine.  Tadtos 
mentions  the  first  three  (Annalei.  yf.  28). 

Pio.  In  the  fore  fteet  of  pigs  is  a  reiy 
small  hole,  whkk  may  be  seen  when  the 
pig  is  desd  and  the  hair  caref  ally  re- 
moved. The  lesend  is  that  the  devils 
made  tiieir  exit  m>m  the  swine  throng 
tiie  fore  feet,  and  left  these  holes.  There 
are  also  six  verr  minute  rings  romd 
«a<^  hole,  and  tnese  am  said  to  have 
been  made  by  the  devik*  claws  iMark  if. 
U-18). 

When  pigs  carry  stnws  in  their  msw(h, 
nin  is  at  fadind. 


CORT  bottlH  of  BOy  Of  ftlW  tobldo  I 


ndnb^l 

When  young  pigs  are  taken  from  the 
sow,  they  mnst  be  drawn  away  back- 
wards,  or  tiie  sow  will  be  fallow. 

The  bacon  of  swine  killed  in  a  waning 
moon  wiU  waste  mneh  in  the  cooking. 

When  hogs  run  gmnting  home,  n 
ftonn  is  uipending. — l%t  CcAmtt  </ 
JVoterv,  S62  (1687). 

It  is  unhicky  for  a  lMiv«Bertf  a  tMr 
crosses  his  path. 

If,  goltig  OB  «  Jotffoojr  om  hatfMM;  ftMNr  •* 
VM  wUl  moot  wHh  A  dhoiVofartaMM^  If  Mt  I 


To  meet  a  sew  with  a  litter  e<  piga  is 
Tery  lucky. 


I^an^ley  telk  ns  this  marreUons  bit  o€ 
etymoTo^:  "The  bryde  anoynteth  the 
poostes  cff  tbe  doores  with  swrncs  grease, 
...  to  drvve  awaye  misfortone.  where- 
fore she  had  her  name  in  Latm  nxor^ 
*ab  ungendo*  [to  (MohUI."— rnpu^d^ms 
ofPolydore  VergU,9, 

PiosoR.  If  a  white  pigeeai  setties  on 
a  chimney,  it  bodes  death  to  some  one  in 
tte  house. 

No  person  can  die  on  n  bed  or  fnUow 
oontaining  pigeons*  feathers. 

V  aa*bo#  ho  *k  uid  ^  •^tsflmt,  IT  tt^  [oi^  Bo 

ri  PMreoad'  fnthen  thv  vIB  he  leimdiWiM  aad  — »■ 
buthelapoittMidtaMMaU    JfcilMt iljSm^  B.  ISot 

The  blue  pfgees  it  hdd  saend  in 
Mecca.— Pitt. 

Poitoupivs.  When  pomipinea  nie 
hunted  or  annoyed,  th^  shoot  oat  ^baa 
<|aills  in  anger. 

Rat.  Rats  fbrsslce  a  ship  Im£os«  n 
wred^  orn honse abont to fsU. 


BtL«.S 

If  rats  gnaw  the  fniniUue  of  n  rooos, 
there  will  be  »  death  in  the  hoiwe  ese 
long. — Grose. 

*«*  The  bncklcrB  at  Lanvrinm  beinff 
snawed  by  rats,  pteaaged  ill  fertnae,  aaS 
tne  battle  of  Marses,  f oaglit  soon  aftcf^ 
confirmed  the  svperstition. 

The  Romans  said  that  to  see  n  wkit» 
rat  was  a  certain  presage  of  good  lack. 
->PUny,  Hatwral  Bistorv,  tuL  67« 

Bavbit.    Ravens  are  lU-oBsencd  birdsu 

Ravens.seen  on  the  left  hand  side  of  » 
person  bode  impending  evfl. 


•attnpmiiL 


When  ravens  [?  rooks]  foaaken  weod^ 
It  prognosticates  famine. 

ihearthoehMMlerif  I 


Yhbk 

of 


fsiebade  pestilsnee 

Uho  the  wd  iiioi^liig  wwoa.  ftet 

Ab  iMb ■MM!  UMBOrt  in  hv  hoB  

Aad,  hi  tho  i^jow  ol  Iho  dliiat  ■ight. 


Kaivens  foster  fersafcen  ehildrem. 


,«»a.M.aasBsi. 

It  la  said  liwt  king  Arthvia  not  4eni, 
bnt  is  only  chaaguL  into  a  iBvta,  and 


SUPBRSTrnOKS. 


SUPEBSTrnOHS. 


wfll  in  d«e  time  Ksume  his  proper  fotm 
Mftd  rule  over  his  people  fciorioosiy* 

The  imven  was  white  till  it  tarned  tell- 
tale, and  informed  Apollo  of  the  fatth- 
lesaness  of  GorOnis.  ApoUo  shot  the 
nym^  for  her  infidelity,  bvt  changed 
the  plamace  of  the  raren  iato  thky 
blackneea  for  his  offioioas  pntiiig.-^ 
Grid,  MetamorphoteMf  n. 


BmlA 


tlMm«M6r«. 


If  lavens  sape  against  the  son,  heat 
follow ;  Dot  if  tbey  bwiy  themselves 
ia  preening  or  washing,  there  will  be 


Rbm'oka.   a  ha  ealled  tiie  lemeia  ean 
a  ship  in  fall  sait 
AluteSriitlMtBMiaii 


Mr  ttte  could  moTV  hot 


(mm, 

lUmnr.  The  red  of  a  robin*s  breast  is 
prodnced  by  the  blood  of  Jesas.  While 
the  **lfan  &t  sonows  **  was  on  His  way  to 
Calvary,  a  robin  plucked  a  thorn  from 
His  temples,  and  a  drop  of  blood,  falliog 
«•  the  bud,  tamed  its  bosom  Ted. 

Another  legend  is  Ihat  the  robin  vsed 
to  earrr  dew  to  refresh  sinners  parched 
in  heo,  and  the  scorching  heat  of  the 
tamed  its  feathers  red. 


ISBVkiMillttkMiL 
Alii  Mi  it  Ul  M  tiM  aoaU  of  ate  s 
torn  en  M*  0M  nwrk  on  kb  rwl  btcMt  idB, 
Of  im  IfeatMMdi  M  W  dfopa  a  to. 

J.  a.  WhUtkr,  t%0 


If  a  mbiB  finds  a  dead  body  onburied, 
Ml  wttl  eover  the  faee  at  least,  if  not  the 
whote  body.— Qiti7»  Om  i»fl4systir>»  ii. 


UtkmW* 


U  in  inlaekT  either  to  keep  or  to  kill 
n  robin.  J.  H.  Pbtt  8a3r8^  if  aa^  e«e 
aftiempts  to  detain  a  robin  which  has 


■tality,  let  hhn  ^'fear  eo«e 
r."— Poems  (17»). 


calamity, 
SxLAMAMtmau    The 
the  fire. 


livis 


tkmthmf 
tW  to  the 


tetttoit 
.  F. 


The  sahwumder  seeks^he  hottest  fire 
to  breed  in,  but  soon  ^a%ehes  k  by  the 
extreme  ooldness  of  its  body. — Pliny, 
Matwvi  Mktcry^  x.  07  ;  xxix.  4. 

Food  tonohed  by  a  salamaadet  la 
poisonona. — Ditto,  xxix.  2ft. 

8AL1TA.  The  hamaa  saliva  la  n  eare 
far  blindneos.— IMtto,  xxviii.  7. 

If  a  man  spits  an  n  scipaBti  it  wtt  ^e. 


The  human  saliva  is  a  eharm  agaiaal 
and  witchcraft. 

Arlo  OB  njr  bnMt  I  tfl^  to  | 


Tb  iBibciriHa  Sm  bowttobsd.  too  smhI  Mlt  toto  tte 
Am  of  nm  ilfitt  Ibol— 8mC  Jliwurfa  tfWUtktiMf^ 

Spitdng  fbr  look  is  a  most  oommoft 
superstition. 

A  blacksmith  who  has  to  shoe  a  stab- 
bora  horM,  spits  in  his  hand  to  drive  off 
the^'evUspuat.** 


U  a  pogUist  spits  in  his  hand,  his  blow* 
will  be  more  telling. — ^PUiiy»  Satmrai 
Bistorg,  xxviii.  7. 

ScoKPiOH.  Scorpions  sting  themselves. 

Scorpiona  have  an  oil  which  ia  a 
lemedy  for  ttidr  stings. 


lb  tTM  dM  Morptai'a  oO  It 
VvonttevomdtllM 


■LtQOTI. 


SriDMU  ftknahMkytoUU 
spinner. 


•Dod  hiek.  U  ttogr  ara  not 

itbw 


or  iMMOvod 


The  bite  of  a  spider  is  venomdns. 
No  spider  wfil  sfin  its  web  on  an 


Spiders  will  never  sat  Iheir  webs  tm  a 
cedar  roof. — Caogbey.  Letters  (1845). 

Spiders  indicate  wnere  gola  ia  to  ba 
found.  (See  SriDBJaa  IsoiOATOBa  of 
Gold.) 

There  asa  no  spklers  in  Ireland,  beoanaa 
St.  Patrick  cleared  the  isbmd  of  aU 
vermin. 

Spiden  envenom  whatever  th^  taudi. 

TtoM  Miy  b>  to  Ifco  am 
A  widor  rtoepad.  Md  OM  HMT  SMi. 
Aad  yot  partaki  ao  ori. 


A  spider  enclosed  in  a  quilt  and  hung 
ronnd  the  neck  will  core  the  ague. — 
Mrs.  Ddany,  A  LetUr  daied  March  1, 
170. 

I...hM 


Mnv 


tbof 
i»tory  (April  U. 


A  spider  wom  in  a  nutshell  lomid  tha 
neck  IS  a  cure  for  lever. 


■.aMn. 

spiders  spin  only  on  dark  days, 
lak  M  «Mk  d^  STSmjr  itoi. 


Ok* 


Spidtn 


Bpu 
toaos. 


n  natural  antinathT  to 


SUPKUTlTiOHa 

hrra  used  to  ■j'mbaliaa  I^Migt.) — Plinj, 
JWaraf  Nuiaru,  nil.  AO. 

Btou.     It  ig  onlDckj  Ui  IUH'  ■  rtoit. 

Acciirdiag  to  Swediah  le^od,  ■  itwk 
dyUcnd  round  tba  crau  of  tbe  eradfiad 
RedMmer,  cijrlng,  Sti/rifl  tt^riel 
("HMoKtbonl  tfnaziibaivcr'J.ud 
«u  hen«  cmlM  the  Mli/rk  or  itori,  but 
em  after  iMt  Hi  Toicc 

SwAr.iJvw.  An.Biillug  to  Seuidi- 
Uiu   birThf 


SUPEBBTinOMS. 


(■•Chw. 


loer  upj'l,  uid  heme  it 


**  the  Uid  of  «Huolatl«a.'' 
If  ■   awkllmr    bniid*  on  •  ho 

1lK«inlIawta«»Mtn  bring  lion 

If  r  fltd^ng*. 


^^SBe.*"*'*"'-^*  ■*•" 


In  Ibe  dag  days,  toada  never  opn 
ttwirmiHiUu. 

Ttwii  u>  Bcvn  fMBd  iD  iNlMtd,  bt- 
nuK  St.  Pabick  cloicd  the  iiland  of  all 


Tb*  bam  at  ^  i^woom.  dipped  idco  ■ 
liqnnr  will  ihow  if  it  coattiu  jioiKiB. 
ViFKB.     Tanni;   vipers    dwitmy  tlieii 


Wuiu    11  any  OD*  kill*  a  wno,  k 
will  braak  a  bsoa  be£«e  the  ;eBi  ia  nt. 


brother's  deafli,— Pliny,  Ailiinri  Biilorj, 
xxxTii.  ^  11. 
AaETiftBT    baahkei    Ac    Aerin    of 

TheGreeCthougbt  that  it  co 
IbeaAei^  irf  wins. 
naaiHthyalia  an  emblem  of  hamilitj 


__..       .  la  flvn 

and  in  (ha  Rmrm  Catholia  a 

iB  «he  fMtMal  M^M  tukapa,  >k««  it 

ia  called  the  "  pielate'a  gem,"  ac  p(m» 

Cat's-rtx,  tocaldwed  by  tte  CtegaleM 
aa  a  cbarm  againit  witchcraft,  and  to  ba 
tka  ^Nda  af  aani*  Haeii.— S.,  ie«. 

Omul,  a  talimaB   againit.  iwnhaait- 

perila  of  Oood  and  ftald.     It  waa  tan- 
•aciaM  to   Jupiter  and   Fbabna. — S., 


SUPEBSimONS. 


HI 


SUBFACB. 


It  ifl  dedicated  tii  the  moon,  and  in 
metailargy  sUnda  for  tilrer. 

DtAMOK D  produces  somnambulism,  and 
pfTomotes  spiritual  ecstasy. — R.  B. 

The  diamond  is  an  emblem  of  inno- 
cence, and  is  dedicated  to  April  and  the 
aon.  In  the  Zodiac  it  stands  for  Virgo, 
in  metallurgy  for  gold,  in  Christian  art 
iBvulnerable  faith. 

Embbald  |>roroote8  friendship  and 
constancy  of  mind. — R.  B. 

If  a  serpent  Axes  its  eyes  on  an 
eoierald,  it  becomes  blind. — Ahmed  ben 
Abdalazis,  Treatiae  on  J^weU, 

The  emerald  is  an  emblem  of  success 
in  lore,  and  is  dedicated  to  May.  In  the 
Zodiac  it  signifies  Cancer.  It  is  dedicated 
to  Mars,  in  metallurgy  it  means  iron,  and 
in  Christian  art  is  given  to  St.  John. 
G  ARNRT  preserves  health  and  joy. — R.  B. 

The  ffamet  is  an  emblem  of  constancy, 
and,  like  the  jacinth,  is  dedicated  to 
Jannary. 

This  was  the  carbuncle  of  the  ancients, 
ivbieh  they  said  gave  out  light  in  the  dark. 

LoADSTONB  produces  somnambulism. 
— ILB. 

It  is  dedicated  to  Mercury,  and  in 
Metallurgy  means  quicksilver. 

MooKSTONR  has  the  virtue  of  making 
tieM  fruitful,  and  of  curing  epilepsy* — 
Dioscorid^ 

It  contains  in  it  an  image  of  the  moon, 
lepresenting  its  increase  and  decrease 
evcfy  monu. — Andveas  Baecius. 

Ontx  contains  in  it  an  imorisoned 
devil^  which  wakes  at  sunset  and  causes 
terror  to  the  wearer,  disturbing  sleep 
with  Ujgly  dreams. — R.  B. 

Cupid,  with  the  sharp  point  of  his 
arrows,  cut  the  nails  of  Venus  during 
sleep,  and  the  parings,  Calling  into  the 
Indus,  sank  to  the  bottom  and  turned 
imto  onyxes. — S.,  212. 

In  the  Zodiac  it  stands  for  Aquarius ; 
some  sav  it  is  the  emblem  of  August  and 
conjugal  love;  in  Christian  art  it  sym- 
bolises sinoeri^. 

Opal,  is  fiUal  to  love,  and  sows  discord 
between  the  giver  and  receiver. — R.  B. 

Given  as  an  engagement  token,  it  is 
sure  to  brin^  ill  luck. 

The  opal  is  an  emblem  of  hope,  and  is 
dedicated  to  October. 

RuBT.  The  Burmese  believe  that  rubies 
ripen  like  fruit.  They  say  a  ruby  in  its 
ciiide  state  is  colourless,  and.  as  it  matures, 
changes  first  to  vellow,  then  to  green, 
then  to  blue,  and  lastly  to  a  brilliant  red, 
ktk  highest  state  of  perfection  and  ripe- 


The  ruby  signifies  Aries  in  the  Zodiacal 
signs ;  but  some  give  it  to  December,  and 
make  it  the  emblem  of  brilliant  success. 

Sapphirb  produces  somnambulism, 
and  impels  the  wearer  to  all  good  works. 
— R.B. 

In  the  Zodiac  it  signifies  Leo,  and  in 
Christian  art  is  dedicated  to  St.  Andrew, 
emblematic  of  his  heavenly  faith  and 
good  hope.    Some  give  this  gem  to  April. 

Topaz  is  favourable  to  hemorrhages, 
imparts  strength,  and  promotes  digestion. 


r^g^jMto  at  !•  ■4liiwolto.--Boiait,  Met.  UnU.  4m 

The  topax  is  an  etnblem  of  fidelity,  and 
is  dedicated  to  November.  In  the  Zodiac 
it  signifies  Taurus,  and  in  Christian  art  is 
given  to  St.  James  the  Less. 

Tubquoisb,  given  by  loving  hands, 
carries  with  it  happiness  and  good  fortune. 
Its  colour  always  pales  wImh  the  well- 
being  of  the  griver  is  in  peril. — S.,  170. 

The  turquoise  is  an  emblem  of  proe- 

rity,  ond  is  dedicated  to  December, 
t  is  dedicated  to  Saturn,  and  stands  for 
lead  in  metallurgy. 

A  bouquet  composed  of  diamonds, 
loadstones,  and  sapi^iires  combined,  ren« 
ders  a  person  almost  invincible  and 
wholly  irresistible. — R.  B. 

All  precious  stones  are  purified  by 
honey. 


K 


iDon  brilliaat  thetebf.  mch  aocofdlBg  to  iU  colour.  ao4 
aB  penoM  beeome  man  MoopuUo  wbon  thcjr  join  de- 
votlua  to  tkoir  graoM.  UouMlioM  oom  are  «WMt«tt«4 
tharctar.  ^o>n  It  Mora  kNlnc  mmI  burinw  hmaam  mom 
plMMAt.-&  FnuKk  do  Sdln  Th»  Dmomt  i4f«*  U.  U 
IIWS). 

Supporters  in  Heraldry  repre- 
sent the  pages  who  supported  the  banner. 
These  pages,  before  tke  Tudor  period, 
were  drcMed  in  imitation  of  the  beasts, 
etc,  which  typified  the  bearings  or  cog- 
nizances  of  their  masters. 

Burs,  any  one  ethical  revelation  ;  thas 

each  chapter  of  the  Koran  is  a  Sura. 

RnoerilM  an  ayiinihwiiy  hrt  a  ftn  Aoold  b« 
nraafad  mpaeUnc  them,  lo  deelara  anto  tbann  that 
wUdi  is  ta  Otfr  hmcU.^At  Xerdn,  Ix. 

SurflBkOe  (Sir  Oliver)^  the  rich  uncle 
of  Joseph  and  Charles  Surface.  He  ap- 
pears under  the  assumed  name  of  Pre- 
mium Stanley. 

CharleM  Sur/ao$^  a  reformed  scape- 
grace, and  the  accepted  lover  of  Maria 
ttie  rich  ward  of  sir  Peter  Teazle.  In 
Charles,  the  «9tf  of  his  character  was  all 
on  tiie  surface. 

WMknaMMbClTlS^lltSl   V»  pcttnr  spaa  «m  i 
«»aaofUMftrtocl«<SWtiiMyw<i*»dnr— 


SURGEOITS  DAUGHTEB. 


96t 


dUTOS. 


•r  BO  «rflBM7  kimi.  ami  9mkk  piwimi  tkaw  tm  * 
•liiffulw-  <k«rm.  glMng  to  "Chwln  Av«m»'*  aU  tkal 
flnbii  which  aeqiilrvd  for  hba  Um  dbUnctkm  of  "  G«Mtl». 


Joteph  l^trfaoe,  elder  brother  of  CharloL 
Ao  artfal,  mahdon*,  Imt  sentiineotal 
knave ;  so  pUasible  in  speech  aod  man- 
ner as  to  pass  for  a  **  youthful  miracle 
of  prudence,  good  sense,  and  benevo- 
lence.** UnUke  Charles,  his  good  was  all 
on  the  surface. — Sheridan,  School  for 
Scandal  (1777). 

John  Palmer  (1747-1798)  was  so  ad- 
mirable in  this  character  that  he  was 
called  emphatically  «<The  Joseph  Sor- 
face.** 

Sonmon's  Daoghter  ( Thti)^  a  novel 
by  sir  Walter  ScottTlaid  in  the  time  of 
George  II.  and  III.,  and  published  in 
1827.  The  heroine  ie  Henie  Gray, 
daughter  of  Dr.  Gideon  Gray  of  Middle- 
mas.  Adam  Hartley,  the  doctor's  appren- 
tice, loves  her,  b«t  Menie  herstif  has 
f:iven  her  heart  to  Richard  Middlemaa. 
t  so  falls  oat  that  Richard  Middlemas 
goes  to  India.  Adam  Hartley  also  goes 
to  India,  and,  as  Dr.  Hartley,  rises  high 
in  his  iM^fession.  One  day,  beinff  sent 
for  to  visit  a  sick  fakir',  he  sees  Meaie 
Gray  under  the  wing  of  Mde.  Montre- 
ville.  Her  father  had  died,  and  she  had 
come  to  India,  under  madame's  escort,  to 
marry  Ridiard  ;  but  Richard  had  en- 
trapped the  girl  for  a  concubine  in  the 
haram  of  Tippoo  Saib.  When  Dr.  Hart- 
ley heard  of  this  scandalous  treachery, 
he  told  it  to  Hyder  Ali,  and  the  father  of 
Tippoo  Saib,  who  were  so  disffOf^  at 
the  villainy  that  they  condemned  Richard 
Middlemas  to  be  trampled  to  death  by 
a  trained  elephant,  and  liberated  Menie, 
who  returned  to  her  native  country  under 
the  escort  of  Dr.  Hartley. 

Surgery  {Father  of  French).  Ambrose 
Par^  (1617-1590). 

Surly,  a  gamester  and  friend  of  sir 
Epicure  Mammon,  but  a  disbeliever  in 
alchemy  in  general,  and  in  ** doctor** 
Subtle  in  particular.— Ben  Jonson,  The 
Alchemist  (1610). 

Surplus  {Mr,),  a  lawyer,  Mrs.  Sur^ 
plus,  and  Charles  Surplus  the  nephew. 
— J.  M.  Morton,  A  Be^ular  Fix* 

Surrey  ( White\  name  of  the  hone 
used  by  Kichard  III.  in  the  battle  of 
liosworth  Field. 


Kin§  Mickmrd  tit.  M«  t.  m.  t  (UV). 


Surtur»  a  formidable  giant,  who  is 
to  set  file  to  the  unirene  at  RagnarSk, 


wUh  flames  collected  from 
— ScantUnavkm  Mythology, 

Sur'ya  (2  sy/.),  the  sun-god,  wh< 
car  is  drawn  by  seven  green  horses,  the 
charioteer  being  Dawn.^^ir  W.  Jones, 
FrvTO  the  Veda, 

SuBan means  "white  lily.**  Susannah, 
"my  white  lily.**  Susa,  in  Penia,  re- 
ceived its  name  from  its  white  liiicB. 
{Hebrew  and  PerwkmJ) 

Susazina,  the  wifr  of  Joadm.  She 
was  accused  of  adultery  by  the  -Jewish 
elders,  and  c<mdemned  to  death ;  bat 
Daniel  proved  her  innocence,  and  tamed 
the  criminal  eharge  on  the  elders  thena- 
selves. — Hiitory  of  SHtanmeu 

Susannall,  in  Steme*s  novel  entitled 
The  Life  and  Opinions  of  THstram  Shandjf, 
Gentleman  (1759). 

Suspicioua  Husband  (TV),  a 
comedy  by  Dr.  Hoadly  (1747).  Mr. 
Strictland  is  suspicions  of  his  wife,  his 
ward  Jadntha.  and  Clarinda  a  yooi^ 
lad^  visitor.  With  two  attractive  youiK 
ladies  in  the  house,  there  is  no  lack  ^ 
intrigue,  and  Strictland  fancies  that  his 
wife  is  the  object  thereof ;  but  when  he 
discovers  his  mistake,  he  i^omises  ref oub. 

Sussex  {The  mrl  of),  a  rival  of  the 
earl  of  Leicester,  in  the  court  of  qneea 
Elizabeth;  introduced  by  sir  W.  Scolt  hi 
KenilworiL 

Sutleme'me  (4  sy/.),  a  yomg  lady 
attached  to  the  suite  ot  Nouronnhar  Che 
enir*s  daughter.  She  greatly  excelled 
in  dressing  a  salad. 

Sutor.  Ne  sutor  ttqfra  Crepldam,  A 
cobbler,  having  detected  an  error  in  tha 
shoe-latchet  of  a  statue  made  by  Apell^ 
became  so  puffed  up  with  conceit  that 
he  proceeded  to  criticize  the  legs  also; 
but  Ai>ell^  said  to  him,  "  Stick  to  the 
last,  friend.**  The  cobbler  is  qualified  to 
pass  an  opinion  on  shoes,  but  anatomy 
IS  Quite  another  thing. 

Boswell,  one  nigbt  sitting  in  the  nit  of 
Covent  Garden  'Dieatre  with  his  niend 
Dr.  Blair,  ^ve  an  imitation  of  a  cow 
lowing,  which  the  house  greatly  ap- 
plauded. He  then  ventured  another  imi- 
tation, but  failed ;  whereupon  the  doctor 
turned  to  him  and  whispered  in  his  ear, 
"  Stick  to  the  cow.** 

A  wigmaker  sent  a  copy  of  verses  to 
Voltaire,  askine  for  his  candid  opinion 
on  some  poetry  he  had  perpetrated.  Ths 
witty  patrianUi  of  Femey  wrote  on  the 
MS.,  "Hake  wigs,**  and  returned  it  te 
the  barber-poet. 


SUTTON. 


968 


8WAKS. 


Sutton  {Sir  Wiiliam)^  uncle  of  Hero 
Sutton  the  City  maiden. — S.  Knowles, 
WcmanU  Wtty  etc,  (1888). 

Su'Warro'W  (Alexander),  «  Rnssian 
KenemI,  noted  for  his  slaughter  of  the 
roles  in  the  suburbs  of  Warsaw  in  1794, 
and  the  still  more  shameful  butchery  of 
them  on  the  bridge  of  Prague,  iifter 
having  massacred  30,000  in  cold  blood, 
Suwarrow  went  to  return  thanks  to  God 
"for  giving  him  the  victory.*'  Camp- 
bell, in  his  Pleatures  of  Hope^  i.,  refers 
to  this  butchery ;  and  lord  Bvron,  in  Den 
Juam,  vn,,  8,  S>5,  to  the  Turkish  expedi- 
tion  (1786-1792). 

A  town  vUn  oM  ■  bomttt  mssb  ffMora  •  «  « 

abrroa. /»m /won.  vtt.  8  On^' 

Snsanne,  the  wife  of  Chalomd  the 
chemist  and  druggist. — J.  R.  Ware, 
PipermaaCs  Fredicament, 

SwttUow  Stone.  The  swallow  is 
■aid  to  bring  home  from  the  sea-shore  a 
stone  which  gives  sight  to  her  fledglings. 

Oct  IB  th«  bvng  thc^  cttmbad  to  tbe  popolow  naili  on 

BT  «rM  that  vondrou  ftoM  vhieh  tiM 

Um  ihara  «C  tiM  a«w  to  MMonflbo  iMit  «nii 


LonsfeOow, 


l.l(U«). 


Swallow's  Nest,  the  highest  of  tbe 
foar  castles  of  the  German  family  called 
Landschaden,  built  on  a  pointed  rock 
almost  inaccessible.  The  founder  was  a 
Boted  robber-knight  (See  ^'Swallow,** 
p.  960.) 

Swan*  FionnuSia,  daughter  of  Lir, 
was  transformed  into  a  swan,  and  con- 
demned to  wander  for  many  hundred 
vears  over  the  lakes  and  rivers  of  Iro- 
umd,  till  the  introduction  of  Christianity 
into  that  island. 

T.  Moore  has  a  poem  on  tiiis  subject  in 
his  Iri$h  Melodies,  entitied  **Thc  Song  of 
FionnuaU*'  (1814). 

Swan  {The)^  called  the  bird  of  Apollo 
or  of  Orpheus  (2  ^/.).  (See  *'  Swan," 
p.  960.) 

Amu  {The  knigM  of  the),  Helias  king 
of  Lyleforte,  son  of  king  Oriant  and 
Beatnce.  This  Beatrice  had  eight  chil- 
dren at  a  birth,  one  of  which  was  a 
daughter.  The  mother-in-law  (Mata- 
bmne)  stole  these  children,  and  changed 
all  of  them,  except  Helias,  into  swans. 
Bellas  spent  all  his  life  in  qnest  of  his 
sister  and  brothers,  that  he  might  dis- 
awchant  them  and  restore  them  to  their 
human  forms.  —  Thoms,  Earlif  Engtitk 
I,  iii.  (1868). 


Bastaobkis  veoH  ad  BoIIIm  «d  domom  daohM  mm 
nxor  crat  milittaqoi  vocatmtnr  "  Miks  Cunf^BoUilBn- 
boif,  Lt  ChtMilUr  tut  Ctgnt, 

Swan  { The  Mantuan),  Virgil,  bom  at 
Mantua  (n.c.  70-19). 

Stoan  {The  Order  of  the).  This  order 
was  instituted  by  Frederick  II.  of  Bran- 
denburg, in  commemoration  of  tibe 
mythical  "  Knight  of  the  Swan  *"  (1443). 

Swan  Alley,  London.  So  called 
from  the  Beauchamps,  who  at  one  time 
Uved  these,  and  whose  cognizance  is  a 
swan. 

Swan-Tower  of  Cleves.  So  called 
because  the  house  of  Cleves  professed  to 
be  descoided  from  the  "Knight  of  the 
Swan**  (5.«.). 

Swan  of  Avon  {The  Sweet),  Shake- 
speare was  so  called  by  Ben  Jonson 
(1664-1616). 

Swan  of  Cambray,  F^nelon  arch- 
bishop of  Cambray  (1661-1715). 

Swan  of  Iiiohfleld,  Miss  Anna 
Seward,  poetess  (1747-1809). 

Swan  of  Fadua»  count  Francesco 
Algarotti  (1712-1764). 

Swan  of  the  Meander,  Homer,  a 
native  of  Asia  Minor,  where  the  Meander 
flows  (fl.  B.C.  960). 

Swan    of   the    Thames,  John 

Taylor,  "  water-poet "  (1680-1664). 

n^lor,  thofar  Wttar  Gtanm.  tands  an  onr. 
Onoo  Svnn  ofTbomat.  tbo'  now  he  bIob  no  more. 
fof,Th0j}tinelad.m.  18  (ITSS). 

Swans  and  Thunder.  It  is  said 
that  swans  cannot  hatch  without  a  crack 
of  thunder.  Without  doubt,  thunder  is 
not  unfrequent  about  the  time  of  the  year 
when  swans  hatch  their  young. 

Swane  (1  eyL)  or  Swegezu  sur- 
named  **  Fork-Beard,**  king  of  tiie  Danes, 
joins  Alaff  or  Olaf  [Tryggvesson]  in  an 
invasion  of  England,  was  acknowledged 
king,  and  kept  his  court  at  Gainsbury. 
He  commanded  the  monks  of  St. 
Edmund's  Bury  to  furnish  him  a  large 
sum  of  money,  and  as  it  was  not  forth- 
coming, went  on  horseback  at  the  head  of 
his  host  to  destroy  the  minster,  when  he 
was  stabbed  to  death  by  an  unknown 
hand.  The  l^;end  is  that  the  murdered 
St.  Edmund  rose  from  bis  grave  and 
smote  him. 

Tb«  Danct  hnded  here  ugain .  .  . 

With  thoM«ko(4«rad  tMMfM  bgr  Ahdruthwliri. 

1b  aeeondliig  tbdr  SimiM  .  . .  b«iMi  ffnsIWi  fit  tht 


Who  whImA  Ua«Mnt  kailB  fat  Swano'i  id«BtlaH 


KBiflB  u  swano'i  nammmmm 


8WAHST0K. 


Bwanaton,  •  imogileT.— Sir  W. 
Scott,  SrdgamlUt  (time.Ucorgc  III.). 

Bwarau,  king  of  Locblia  (Denmar/i), 
BOD  and  iiuiceaiar  of  SCarno.  He  iiiviuled 
Iielaad  in  the  nign  of  Cormu  II.  (a 
minor),  and  dcfuUd  CuUiullin  ftencmt 
or  Uie  irieb  forces.     When  Finical  arriTcd, 


?*■«- 


jniibcd 

with  bonoat,   after  having  mviUd 

a  feut.     Swaran  ii  repRBentsd  ai 

fie  roe,    proud,    asd    hif^-apiiiled ;    but 

FiDgal  ai  calm,  moderate,  aod  geoeroita. 

^-Ogsian,  Fingai. 

Swaab-Buckler     (A),   a    riototn, 

ioafTeLaome  nuvoa.  Nash  aavi  to  Gabriel 
larvey  ;  "  Turpi!  tenex  mifei,  'tie  time 
fnr  such  an  olde  fool  to  leave  [daying  the 

BwedenborgliuiB  (called  by  them' 
•elvea  "The  Sew  JeruHlem  Church"). 
Tbey  an  believers  in  the  doctrine*  tau^t 
hy  Dr.  Enuuuel  Swedeaborg  (im- 
I7T2).  Tbeli  views  reepeetiniF  salvation, 
the  inspiiatioD  of  the  Bible,  future  life, 
and  the  trinity,  dilTer  widely  from  those 
of  other  Chnsdans.  In  regard  to  Uie 
trinity,  they  believe  it  to  be  centred  in 
the  person  of  Je«UB  Christ. — Supplied  ij/ 
Us  Aiuitiarf/  Saw  CAarcA  MuttaaaTH  ama 
Tract  Sucicts. 

Swedish     ITigbtlng&le     (TV), 

Jenny  Lind,  the  pablie  linger.  She 
married  Mr.  GoldBchmidt,  and  retired 
(1821-        ). 

Swoa'dleplps  {Pifl),  known  h 
"  Poll,"  barber  and  binl-bncier  ;  Mra. 
Gamp'a  laodlord.  H(  i>  *  little  Ban, 
with  a  ahrill  voice  but  a  kind  heart,  in 
appearance  "not  unlike  the  birds  he  was 


"ofaUlh 

— C.  Diokene,  Martin 


isiders  to  be  ■  cyclopxdia 

'■'---'-1(11814); 

SweepolMUi   {aamda-s),   a   king'i 

neaKDger  M   Knoekwiunadt   Castle. — 

Sir    W.    Scott,    7%*    Antiiuin     (time, 

George  III.). 

Bweet  Stnger  of  Israel  (Thi), 

David,  who  wrote  several  of  the  paalma. 

Sweet  Singer  of  the  Temple, 
George  Herbert,  author  of  a  poem  called 
Dto  Tmple  (IB9S-1SB8). 

SwenOi  MIL  of  the  king  of  Denmark, 


I  SWiHMERS. 

While  bringi^  awKiRns  to  Godbvjr,  be 
waa  attacked  la  the  night  bv  Solymas, 
at  the  head  of  an  army  of 'Aiaba,  and 
himself  with  all  his  foUowers  were  left 
dead  before  they  reached  the  crusaders. 
Sweno  was  buried  in  a  marble  sepulchre, 
which  appeared  miraculously  on  the  field 
of  battle,  eipressly  for  his  interment  (bk. 
viii.).— T««»o,  Jenualem  DeliTertd  (1576). 


Swertha,  housekeeper  of  Ihe  elder 


talker,  and  generally  b^anwitJi,  " 
what  I  say,"  a  proBot    of  notfaitur. — C 
Dickens,  nefli™-*--'  "--  '•-'■•^ 

Swi 


■e  Bmmted  Man  (1S48). 


In  nr 
ill  healt 
to  be  OH 

Swiuuners.  Lemder  oaed  Id 
acroaa  the  Belleapont  every  nigbt,  tc 
Hero.— Howmt,    Ik    Aman    Hm 


min.,  the   distance   (allowing  for  diif^ 
ing)  being  font  miles. 

A  yoang  native  of  St.  Crofat,  ia  I«7, 
swam  over  the  Sound  "from  Croneabiir^ 

£C™»6ny]  to  Gmvea"  in  !  hr.  M  min., 
e  diataoco  being  six  English  Bilea. 
Capuin  Boytoo,  in  May,  I87i,  swan 
or  floated  across  the  Uiannd  froni  (irimr  i 
to  Fa*  Bay  (Kent)  in  SB  hr. 

Captain  Webb,  Augnst  1!4,  IS7&,  iwam 
from  Dover  to  Calaia,  a  distasce  tt 
•bout  thirty  nilea  including  drift,  is  H 


•rcrlnmni.   J.  B.  JtAiwm.ia  1871,  won 
the  ehampiondiip  for  ewimraing. 

Swing  (Caplain),  >  umc  >»amed 
by  certmiB  pereons  who,  between  ISSO 
and  IBSa,  OMsd  to  Mod  IhrmUninft  letters 
to  those  who   nsed  thTBBhin^-DiMhines, 


SwlsB  Family  RoUiuon.  Thia 
talc  ii  >n  abridji;inent  of  ■  Germui  tale 
by  Joichim  Heioiicb  KuupL 

Swllserland  IfinmoiUim),  Om  am- 
toal  diMrict  of  Bavuia. 

9mitzerlaad  (TV  Saxoit),  the  dtitriet 
of  Sixony  both  aidea  of  the  river  Elbfi, 

8wita«rs,  gnsidi  attendut  on  ■ 
king,  impectiTB  of  their  nMioulity. 
So  called  because  at  one  tine  tlM  Swiia 
wa;e  alwaya  ready  to  fight  for  hire. 

The  kioK,  in  ifaWcl,  aayi,  "Wherear* 
my  8witier»?">.e.inyattend«iitai  and  in 
Pans  to  the  present  day  we  may  see  written 
up,  PivUi  OK  Smae  {"  speak  to  th* 
porter"),  be  ha  Frenchman,  German,  or 
•f  any  other  nation.  ' 


8wiveU«r(irr.  i>faf),adirty,  smart 
yomg  man,  living  in  apaitmenta  near 
vntrf  Lane.  His  langnage  was  e:c- 
tnnelr    flowerv,  and   inte^rded    wilh 

ertatiana:  "IVbafs  ttw  odds,"  wid 
.  Swiveller,  i  Drufwsot  nothiogi  "to 
longaa  the  fire  of  the  soul  is  kindled  at 
the  Upei  o(  eonwiviality,  and  the  wing 
■<  fnendship  neser  moulu  a  fratber?^ 
Bii  dnsa  waa  a  broirn  body-coat  with  a 
poU  many  brwa  battoos  Dp  Ous  front, 
•Ml  obIt  om  behind,  a  bright  ebeeh 
atckelotfa,  a  plaid  waistcoat,  sailed  white 
tnasera,  aad  a  ttrj  limp  ba^  worn  the 
wrong  nda  foriBBaat  to  hide  a  hole  in  the 
brin.  The  breast  of  his  eoM  was  oraiu 
Banted  with  the  eleaaeit  end  of  a  very 
hUfN  poeket-haodkardilefi  his  dirty 
wnatbaada  weaa  pnlled  down  and  folded 
awer  his  enfls;  ho  had  no  glorea,  and 
euricd  a  yellow  ■ —  ■— -= —  -  ■- 
haodla   and  a  little 


•  for" 


— .    Ha  Hi 

0,"  /unjit,  jme  ;  called  win 
MipiriU  "thero«y,"ileep"thehalmv, 
and  generally  shouted  in  oonTersaCi'or 
a*  if  makiog  a  speech  from  the  chair  c 
the  "Glariwia  Apollera"  of  which  h 
waa  perpeual  "giwid."  Mr.  Swire" 
•"■— '  — "•-'-  '-^arda  M' 
Qnilp 


B  SWORD. 

Um  a  clerk  to  Mr.  Samson  Brasa, 
solicitor,  Bevia  Harks.     By  Qoiip's  ro- 

Jnestj  he  wub  aft«rw«jds  turned  away, 
ell  aick  of  a  fever,  throu^  which  he  waa 
narsed  by  "the  marchioness"  (a  poor 
houae-drab),  whom  he  married,  and  waa 
left  by  bit  aunt  Bebecca  an  annuity  of 
£125.  ' 


H<*^.    I  bM(M*  »lri(  baa  IB  (£m  a_sa 


Sword.    (¥■ 

Hmoat  (Words  v.,  „.™,.,  „„  „„, 
Dicticmaru    of   Pkraie  and  iiMi,    MS.) 
Add  the  following : — 

All's  sword,  Zulfagar. 

Koll  tha  Thrall's  sword,  named  Oiey. 


Blrong-o'-the-Arra  had  threa  swords, 
*iz..  Baptism,  Florence,  and  Garban  mad* 
by  Ansias. 

8mrd  (Tie  Marwl  of  the).  When 
kin^  Arthur  first  appears  on  the  scene, 
be  i>  broagfat  into  notice  by  the  "  Marrd 
0*  the  Sword !"  and  air  Ualahad,  who 
waa  to  achieve  the  holy  giaai,  waa  Intro- 


id  to  knigbthond  by  a  simUi 
.    That  of  Anhar  ia  Ihna  do 


r(pHfW»*i«.J_M. 


Tha  aword  adTontnre  of  sir  Galahad,  at 
tha  Bg«  of  16,  it  thas  given  : 


A  aomcwhat  similar  adventure  o 
in  the  ^md^ii  dt  Oaul.  Whoever 
eaeded  in  drawing  from  a  tuck  an 


8W0RD.  966 

•nUflmoaui  treamre  (du  exxx. ;   fee 

alio  ch.  Ixxii.,  xcix.). 

Sword  {The  Irremiible).  The  king  of 
Amby  and  Ind  tent  Cftmbiucaii'  king  of 
TartJtry  «  fword  that  would  pierce  aaj 
Armour,  mod  if  tlie  Moiter  ehoee  he  ooold 
heal  the  wound  again  by  itriking  it  with 
the  flat  of  the  blade.— Ghaooer,  Tks 
8qmr^$  Tale  (1888). 

Sword  and  the  Maiden  (TV). 
Soon  after  king  Arthur  succeeded  to  the 
throne,  a  damsel  came  to  Camelot  girded 
with  a  sword  which  no  man  defiled  by 
**  shame,  treachery,  or  guile  "  could  draw 
from  its  scabbard.  She  had  been  to  the 
court  of  king  Ryence,  but  no  knight  there 
could  draw  it.  Kinr  Arthur  tried  to 
draw  it,  but  with  no  better  snoeess ;  all 
his  knights  tried  also,  but  none  could 
draw  it.  At  last  a  poor  lagged  knight 
named  Baliu,  who  had  been  heul  in  prison 
for  six  months,  made  the  attempt  and 
drew  the  sword  with  the  utmost  ease,  but 
the  kni>;hts  insisted  it  had  been  done  by 
witchcraft.  The  maiden  asked  sir  Balin 
to  give  her  the  sword,  but  he  refused  to 
do  so,  and  she  then  told  him  it  would 
bring  death  to  himself  and  hib  dearest 
friend ;  and  so  it  did ;  for  when  he  and 
his  brother  Balan  jousted  together,  an- 
known  to  each  other,  both  were  slain,  and 
were  buried  in  one  tomb. — Sir  T.  Malory, 
History  of  Prince  Arthur^  i,  27-44 
(1470). 

Sword  in  the  City  Arms  (Lon- 
don). Stow  asserts  that  the  twoid  or 
dagger  in  the  City  arms  was  not  added  in 
commemoration  of  Walworth^s  attack 
on  Wat  Tyler,  but  that  it  represents  the 
sword  of  St.  Paul,  the  patron  saint  of 
London.  This  is  not  correct.  Without 
doubt  the  cognizance  of  the  City,  previous 
to  1381,  was  St.  Paul's  sword,  but  after 
the  death  of  Tyler  it  was  changed  into 
Walworth's  dagger. 

BMva  Wahrorth.  knifbt.  lord  OMyor.  dial  dev 
ItobeUioui  Tyler  In  hb  alwiDM  { 
I  klnt.  UMnfora.  did  giv«  hkn  in  Itau 
Im  da0«r  lo  Um  dtv  mumb. 
«m'  iMl  {•'  Foorth  Yew  of  Bkkaid  IL."  Uil). 

Sword  of  Ood  {The).  Khaled,  the 
eonqueror  of  Syria  (682-8),  was  so  called 
by  Mohammedans. 

Sword  of  Borne  {The)^  Harcellus. 
Fabius  was  caUed  "  The  Shield  of  Rome" 
(time  of  Hannibal's  invasion). 

Swordsman  {The  Handsome),  Jo- 
achim Murat  was  called  I^e  Becm  Sabreur 
(1767-1816). 

Siybaris,  a  river  of  Lucania,  in  Italy, 


itfi 


8TLLA« 


whose  waters  had  te  Tirtoe  of  TCftnriiig 
vigoitr  to  the  feeble  and  erhsqstwL— 
PUoy,  Natural  History^  XXXI.  iL  10. 

Syb'arite  (8  jy/.),  an  efleminate  man, 
a  man  of  pampered  self-indulgence. 
Seneca  tells  ns  of  a  sybarite  who  could 
not  endure  the  nubble  of  a  folded  roM 
leaf  in  his  bed. 

iM*r  WdJ  Mft«r  thaa  Hm  tatt 
Aload  Unmt  hk  foeHwg  w  too 
«o  toMk  ft  M««d  MM  kif  kr  Mi  d 


S7C'oraz,afMd  witch,  the  mistress  of 
Ariel  the  fairy  spirit,  l^  whom  for  seme 
offence  he  was  imprisoned  in  the  rift  oi  a 
cloven  pine  tree.  After  he  had  been  kepi 
there  for  twelve  years,  he  was  liberated 
by  Prospero,  the  rightful  duke  of  Milan 
and  father  of  MiraiMa.  Syoermz  was  tfM 
mother  of  Odibam-^-Shakeapeaie,  2W 
Tempeet  (1680). 

If 


ThoMfNlMid  iMpara 

CBMM  Wlll0l  of  SjTBOVBZ,  nMl 

llrW.SMtt,rA* 


Syddall  (Anthomy).  house-steward  at 
Osbaldistone  Hall.— Sir  W.  Scott,  BxA 
Eoy  (time,  George  I.). 

Sydenham  {CharUt)^  the  frank« 
open-hearted,  trusty  friend  of  the  Wood- 
villes.— Cumberland,  Tks  Wheel  ef  For^ 
Ume  (1779). 

Syl,  a  monster  like  a  basHi^  wiA 
human  face,  but  so  terrible  that  no  one 
could  look  on  it  and  live. 

Sylla  {Comelnu),  the  rival  of  Ha'rina. 
Being  ceniMil.  be  had  esMifieio  a  right  te 
lead  m  the  liithiidatk  war  (s.o.  ^  b«i 
Marius  got  the  appoiatmeni  of  Syila  aafe 
aside  in  favour  oH  hinuelf.  SyUa,  in 
dudgeon,  hastened  back  to  ftome,  and 
insisted  that  the  "recaU**  shoukl  ba 
reversed.  Marius  fled.  Sylla  pursued 
the  war  with  sucoesa,  returned  to  Boom 
in  triumph,  and  made  a  wholesale  slaa^i- 
ter  of  the  Romans  who  had  opposed  ha«» 
As  man^  as  7000  soldiers  and  5U00 
private  citizens  fell  in  this  maseacie,  aad 
all  their  goods  were  distriboted  amooff 
his  own  partizans.  SyUa  waa  now  caUcd 
'*  Perpetual  Dictator,**  bat  in  two  yearn 
retired  into  private  lifis,  and  died  tha 
year  following  (b.c.  78). 

Jony  has  a  good  tragedy  in  Frenoh 
called  Sylla  (1823),  and  the  character  ol 
*'  SyUa**  was  a  favourite  one  with  Talma, 
the  French  aetor.  In  1594  Thomaa 
Lodge  produced  his  historical  play  called 


8TLLL 


STPHAX. 


Wamub  of  CwU  War^ticely  9et  forth  m 
tke  I^ue  i)cag€die8  of  Marinu  and  SjfUa, 

Sylll  (Signor),  an  Italian  exqnisite, 
who  walks  fantastically,  talks  affectedly, 
and  thinks  himself  irresistible.  He  makes 
love  to  Cami'ola  "the  maid  ef  honour," 
and  fancies,  by  posturing,  grimaces,  and 
aifectation,  to  "  make  her  dote  on  him.** 
He  lays  to  her,  "  In  sin^ng,  I  am  a 
Siren,*'  in  dancin|^,  a  TerpsichOrd.  "  He 
conld  tune  a  ditty  lovely  well,'*  and 
Drided  himself  '*on  his  pretty  spider 
fingers,  and  the  twinkling  of  his  two 
«y«B."  Of  eonrse,Gaau51a  sees  no  charms 
m  these  effeminacies ;  bat  the  conceited 
poppy  says  he  "  is  not  so  sorry  for  him- 
self as  he  is  for  her**  that  she  rejects 
him.  Signor  Sylli  is  the  silliest  of  all 
tbe  SyUis.— Masshigv,  Tke  Maid  of 
Mommr  (1687).    (See  TAPPimT.) 

Sylvia,  daughter  of  justice  Balaace, 
•nd  an  heiress.  She  is  in  love  with 
captain  Plume,  but  promised  her  father 
pot  to  "dispose  of  neroelf  to  any  num 
without  his  consent.**  As  her  father 
feared  Plume  was  too  much  a  libertine  to 
Make  a  steady  husband,  he  sent  Sylvia 
into  the  country  to  withdraw  her  from 
his  society  ;  but  she  dressed  in  her 
brother's  military  suit,  assumed  the  name 
of  Jack  Wilful  alias  Pinch,  and  enlisted. 
When  the  names  were  called  over  by  the 
justices,  and  that  of  **  Pinch  "  '  was 
brought  forward,  justice  Balance  *'  gave 
bia  consent  for  ^e  recruit  to  dispose  of 
lkim$gifj  to  captain  Plume,**  and  the 
permission  was  kept  to  the  letter,  though 
not  in  its  intent.  However,  the  matter 
bad  gone  too  far  to  be  revoked,  and  the 
iSatber  Made  up  his  mind  to  bear  with 
gnico  what  withont  disgrace  he  eould  not 
prerent— G.  FaMohar,  The  Bearmtmg 
Officer  (1706). 


I MilmMbM MltlMr vltk qdMB. <lkoVe. Mr  vapvon. 
I  kmS  ■•  mStU  lot  mj  rtcnadi,  bo  iMrtihern  flbr  n^ 
hmd,  urn  WMh  fcr  wy  comyMkm.  I  caa  snUm  aO  the 
■wrwins  after  tka  buntiiifMni,  aa4  all  tiia  iwuis  aftar 
aa>Me.-AcCLS. 

Sylvio  de  Bosalva  (J><»^)%  the  hero 
and  title  of  a  novel  by  C.  M.  Wieland 
(1733- 1813).  Don  Sylvio,  a  quixotic  be- 
liever in  fauyism,  is  gradually  convertnl 
to  common  sense  by  the  extravagant 
demands  which  are  made  on  his  belief, 
assisted  by  the  charms  of  a  mortal 
beauty.  Ine  object  of  this  romance  is  a 
crusade  against  the  sentimental  ism  uid 
religious  foolery  of  the  period. 

Symlcyn  iSymfcmd^  nicknamed ''  Dis- 
daiimil,**  a  miller,  living  at  Trompington, 
Gamhridge.    His  face  was  rMiad, 


his  nose  flat,  and  his  skull  '*  pilled  as  an 
ape's.**  He  was  a  thief  of  com  and  meal, 
but  stole  craftily.  His  wife  was  the 
village  parson's  daughter,  ver^  proud 
and  arrogant.  He  tried  to  outwit  Aleyn 
and  John,  two  Cambridge  scholars,  but 
was  himself  outwitted,  and  most  roughly 
handled  also.— Chaucer,  Oanterburu  Tale* 
("  The  Reeve's  Tale,**  1888). 

Syxnxnes'sHole.  OaptainJohnCleve 
Symmea  maintained  that  there  was,  at 
82°  N.  lat.,  an  enormous  opening  through 
the  crust  of  the  earth  into  the  globe. 
The  place  to  which  it  led  he  asserted  to 
be  well  stocked  with  animids  and  plants, 
and  to  be  lighted  by  two  under-ground 
planets  named  Pluto  and  Proserpine. 
Captain  Symmes  asked  sir  Humphrey 
Davy  to  accompany  him  in  the  explora- 
tion of  this  enormous  "hole**  (*-1829). 

Halley  the  astronomer  (1666-1742)  and 
Holberg  of  Norway  (1684-1764)  believed 
in  the  existence  of  this  hole. 

Symon'ides  the  Oood,  king  of 
Pentap'olis. — Shakespeare,  Penclea  Prince 
of  Tyre  (1608). 

Symphony  (The  Father  of),  Francis 
Joseph  Haydn  (1782-1809). 

Symple'gades  (4  syL),  two  rocks 
at  the  entrance  of  the  Euxine  Sea.  To 
navigators  they  sometimes  look  like  one 
rock,  and  sometimes  the  light  between 
shows  they  are  two.  Hence  the  ancient 
Greeks  said  that  they  opened  and  shut. 
Olivier  says  '*they  appear  united  or 
joined  together  according  to  the  place 
whence  they  am  viewed." 

Bonhora,  boCwlxt  tha  JastSnf  rodo. 
■Utoa.  rmrmdtm  Loat,  tt.  1017(1S«)l 


Synia,  the  portress  of  Valhalla.— 
Soamdhumiam  Mythology, 

Syntax  {Dr,),  a  simple-minded, 
pious,  hen-pecked  clergyman,  green  as 
grass,  but  of  excellent  taste  and  scholar- 
ship, who  left  home  in  seardi  of  the 
picturesque.  His  adventures  are  told  by 
William  Coombe  in  eight- svllable  verse, 
called  The  Tour  of  Dr,  Syntax  in  Search 
of  the  Picturesque  (1812). 

Dr,  Syntax's  Horse  was  called  Grizzle, 
all  skin  and  bone. 

Synter'esifl,  Conscience  personified. 

'  On  bar  a  iwal  danml  sUII  attendi, 
And  MtaM  aouaeUar.  SriHer'aili. 
Phlneaa  Flatchcr.  Tht  tmrfU  l»Umd,  vL  (MSK 

Syphax.  chief  of  the  Arabs  who 
joined  the  Egyptian  armament  against 
the  cmsaden.     "Tha  voioea  of    these 


Sy'piax,  ui  old  Namidian  soldUr  in 
the  luitc  of  prince  Juba  in  Utin.  He 
tried  to  win  the  prince  tiom  Catii  Co  the 
(ids  of  Caaar  ;  but  Juba  wu  too  much  in 
love  with  Mucia  (Cata'a  dauKhler)  to 
IJRtea  to  him.  iifpbax  with  hii  "  Nu- 
midiu  hone "  deneirted  in  the  Uttle  to 
Qmimr,  bnt  the  "hoaiy  tnutor"  wa«  RiaiD 
by  Unrcni,  th«  Km  of  Cata.— AddiKm, 

OMto  (WIS). 

BTrLnx,  a  nymph  beloved  by  Pan, 
and  chansed  at  hei  own  lequeit  into  a 
reed,  of  which  Pao  nude  hi>  pipe. — Ureti 

Barimx,  io  SpHHT*!  Hdimte,  St.,  ii 
Anne  Boleyn,  aod  "Pan"  i>  Rmrj  Vlli. 


T.  Tdhv  hai  a  poem  on  fhriftimsi, 
twelve  linej  In  leruth,  and  In  thyme, 
every  word  of  which  beglna  with  (  ^died 
1680).  Leon  Placentiua,  a  dominican, 
wrote  a  poem  in  I^in  hexameten,  called 
FwjKa  Fomomm,  258  linn  long,  every 
word  of  which  begini  with  p  (died  IMS). 


f   the  ^ 


rod   of    tbuDdei.     The 


i>  praduwd  by  the  ihnking 

of  Taau'a  wings.— John  WUIianie,  Mil- 
tionaru  EnteTprite*  in  tht  SutUK  Sea 
Itlaada,  109  (1H37J. 

T&'bakier&,ania){iataulf-box,whieh, 
npon  being  opened,  aaid,  Que  qmens  f 
("Whatdoyou  want  ?"J;  and  upon  being 
told  the  wiih,  It  wae  there  and  then 
accompliabed.  The  >nuff-boi  is  the 
ooanterpait  of  AJaddin'i  lamp,  but 
appeara  in  numcroa*  legend!  sliuhtlj 
varied  (ue  for  example  CampbeH'e  Taiii 


I  TACKLETON. 

^  Oa  Wet  HisUamb,  iL  »S-SM,  >*Th> 
Widow'*  aoD").— Ber.  W.  Wetet*^ 
Baique  Ltgadt,  M  (ISIG). 

Tabarin,  a  fanoa*  vendor  of  qnaek 
medicinefl,  bom  at  Uilaii,  who  went  ta 
Paria  in  the  Kventeenth  centwy.  By  hia 
aatid  and  rude  wit,  he  ooUected  great 
cnwda  t(^(ether,  and  in  ten  yean  [16W«|} 
became  nch  enough  tc   ' 


lie  jeMi  and  witty  n>yi»g*  ef  this 
fartxur  wen  collected  ta)!ether  in  IGM, 
■nd  pablisbed  oodei  the  title  of  Vlmrtmr- 
taira  l/nmrwel  da  (Ewrrea  da  TitbarOf 
anUnuiit  tet  finlamn,  I/ialagttet,  fata. 
doirei,  fimet,  etc. 

In  1868  am  edition  of  tail  work*  waa 
publi^id  by  (i.  AvcBtin. 

Tablets  of  Mosm,  a  variety  at 
Scotvb  granite,  cnmpowd  of  (elipac  and 
qnariz,  ao  arranged  o  to  present,  when 
polished,  the  ■ppeanore  f*  "-' 
eharaclen  on  a  white  ground. 


Hetecw 


Taolwbnmo  (a  ly/.))  ' 
C^er  Ic  Dane.    The  word  m 

Taoitnmiftn,  an  inhabitant  of  VIA 
TaeOurne  or  TaeitDma,  meaning  Londim 


and  the  Londoners. 


(7!U),  the  wife  of  old  M 
the  abcpberd  of  Juliaa  Avenel  of  Avtnal 
Cattle.— Sir  W.  S«4t,  TSe  Momaelerf 
(time,  Eliiabctb). 

Taokleton.  a  toy  merchant,  caUe4 
Gnifl  and  Tackletoe,  beeanae  >t  bm 
time  Qrtiff  had  been  hia  paitaier;  he  had, 
however,  been  bought  ovt  long  ago. 
Tackleton  waa  a  atam,  aonlid,  grindir^ 
man ;  Dgly  in  looks,  uid  uglier  In  bia 
nature  ;  cold  and  callous,  aelBsh  and 
unfeeling ;   hia  look  was  aarcutic  and 

open,  and  one  nearly  afaut.  He  ought  ta 
have  been  a  monev-lender,  a  sherifTa 
officer,  or  a  broker,  for  he  hated  childien 
and  hated  plaj'things.  It  was  hia 
greatest  delight  to  make  toya  which 
Beared  children,  and  jtm  conU  aot  plaaae 
hia  bettar  than  to  aay  that  a  toy  frw 
his  vaiettanae  had  sude  a  diiU  muenbla 


TATPSIU 


TAItLBPBR. 


i^  wbole  ChmtaiM  holidayi.  and  IumL 
bun  A  Bi^ktmare  to  U  for  kiUf  ito  child- 
life.  Tku  MiiiAble  eraalore  was  about  to 
nmiry  May  Fielding,  when  her  old  sweet- 
heart  Edward  Plummec,  thought  to  be 
dead^  ratumed  from  South  America,  and 
married  her.  Tackleton  was  re&>rmed  by 
Peerybingle,  the  carrier,  bore  his  disap- 
pointment manfully,  sent  the  bride  and 
bridegroom  his  own  wedding-oake,  and 
ioined  the  festivities  of  tM  marriage 
Mnquet. — C.  Dickens,  The  Cricket  oa  m# 
Hearth  (1S46). 

TKffHl  {JAeutenani),  of  H.M.  gon- 
brig  Seareh,  He  is  in  love  with  Jenay 
CaxtoD  the  mUliner.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
AiUiquary  (time,  George  III.). 

Taiiy.  a  Welshman.  The  word  is 
sioijdy  Dary  (David)  pronounced  with 
aspiration.  David  is  the  most  common 
Welsh  name;  Sawnev  (Alexander)^  the 
most  common  Sootcii ;  Pat  {J^atriok), 
tbe  most  common  Irish ;  and  John  {John 
BuU)t  the  most  common  English.  So 
we  have  cousin  Michael  for  a  German, 
Micaire  for  a  Frenchman.  Colin  Tampon 
for  a  Swiss,  and  brother  Jonathan  in  the 
United  States  of  North  America. 

Tag,  wife  of  Puff,  and  lad^*s-maid  to 
Miss  mddy  Bellair. — D.  Gamck,  J^iss  m 
Her  Teens  (1763). 

Talimiira«»  a  king  of  Persia,  whose 
exploits  in  Fauy-land  among  the  peris 
mod  deevs  are  fuUy  set  forth  by  Richard- 
son in  his  Di$»ertaiwH, 

Tcdl  made  Woman  (Jtfon's). 
According  to  North  American  l^end, 
€ied  in  anger  cot  olE  man's  tail,  and  out 
of  it  made  woman. 

Tails  (Mm  Vfith).  The  Niam-niams, 
nn  African  race  between  the  golf  of 
Benfai  and  Abyssinia,  are  aaid  to  hare 
tails.  Mons.  de  Castlenao  (1861)  tells  ns 
that  the  Niam-niams  **have  tails  forty 
centimetres  long,  and  between  two  and 
three  centimetres  in  diameter."  Dr. 
Habech,  physician  to  the  hospitals  of 
Constantinople,  says,  in  1868,  that  he 
narelally  exanuneda  Niam-aiam  negress, 
and  that  her  tail  was  two  inches  long. 
Mons.  d'Abbadie,  in  his  Abjfasiruan 
TrweU  (1862),  teUs  us  that  south  of  the 
Uerrar  is  a  place  where  all  the  men  have 
tails,  but  not  the  females.  **I  have 
examined,"  be  says,  **  fifteen  of  then^ 
and  am  |«ositive  that  the  tail  isa  natural 
appendage^"    I>r.Wolf,inhis2Vatsto<MMl 


beth  men  and  women  in  Abyssinia  witk 
Uils  like  dog;s  and  horses."  He  heard  that, 
near  Narea,  in  Abyssinia,  there  were  men 
and  women  with  tails  so  muscular  that 
they  could  **  knock  down  a  horse  with 
a  blow." 

John  Struys,  a  Dutch  traveller,  says,  in 
his  Voyages  Q660),  that  **  all  the  natives 
on  the  soudi  of  Formosa  have  tail<i." 
He  adds  that  he  himself  personallv  saw 
one  of  these  islanders  with  a  tail  **  more 
than  a  foot  long." 

It  is  said  that  the  Ghilane  race,  which 
numbers  between  80,000  and  40,000  souls, 
and  dwell  "far  beyond  the  Senaar,'^ 
have  tails  three  or  four  inches  long. 
Colonel  dn  Conet  assures  ns  that  he 
himself  most  carefullv  examined  one  of 
this  race  named  Belial,  a  slave  belonging 
to  an  emir  in  Mecca:  whose  house  he 
frequented.— ITor/J  of  Wonders^  206. 

The  Poonangs  of  ^meo  are  said  to  be 
a  tail-bearing  race. 

Individmai  Examples,  Dr.  Hnbsch,  re- 
ferred to  above,  save  that  he  examined 
at  Constantinople  the  son  of  a  physician 
whom  he  knew  intimately,  who  had  a 
decided  tail,  and  so  had  his  grandfather. 

In  the  middle  of  the  present  (the 
nineteenth)  century,  all  the  newspapers 
made  mention  of  the  birth  of  a  boy  at 
Newcastle-on-Tyne  with  a  tail,  which 
"  wagged  when  he  was  pleased." 

In  ue  College  of  Surgeons  at  Dublin 
may  be  seen  a  human  skeleton  with  a 
tail  seven  inches  long. 

Tails  given  fry  leoy  of  Punishments 
Polydore  Vergu  asserts  that  wh«a 
Thomas  k  Becket  came  to  Stroud,  the 
mob  cut  eff  the  tail  of  his  horse,  and  in 
etonal  reproach,  "both  they  and  tiieir 
offspring  oore  tails."  Lambarde  repeats 
the  same  story  in  his  Perambulation  of 
Kent  (1676). 

Por  Beokcfi  «Im  K«it  alwajr*  duiD  kMWtftOi.— Aairaw 


John  Bale,  bishop  of  Ossory  in  the 
reign  of  Edward  VI.,  tells  us  that  John 
Capgrave  and  Alexander  of  Esseby  have 
statMl  it  as  a  fact  that  certain  Dorsetshire 
men  cast  fishes*  tails  at  St.  Augustine,  in 
consequence  of  which  "the  men  of  this 
county  have  borne  tails  ever  since." 

We  all  know  the  tradition  that  Cornish 
men  are  bom  with  tails. 

Taill^er,  a  valiant  warrior  and 
minstrel  in  tbe  army  of  William  tbe 
Conqueror.  At  the  battle  of  Hastings 
(or  ekmlac)  he  stimulated  the  ardour  of 
the  Normans  bv  songs  in  praise  of 
C»-d«»«f«>e  ^  Ro?^d.    Tl^^  ^c^^^ 


TAIL0B8. 


•70 


TALKS. 


minstrel    was   *t  laai   bone  down   by 
Aomben,  and  fell  fighting. 


H«  VM « Janlsr ororiMtrcl.  who  oimM rfof 
flkf  iridu.  ...  80  be  rod«  CDtth  itimlng  m  be  want,  and 
M  KNBC  mr  throwfnc  bU  iword  op  In  ibe  air  and  catching 
Ik^ya.— I.  A.  Ftb—w.  Otd  Mmgtm  NUtorg,  St. 

TaUors  (Niw).  A  toll  of  a  bell  is 
called  a  "teller/ and  at  the  death  of  a 
man  the  death  bell  nsed  to  be  tolled  thrice 
three  timeif.  **  Mine  tellers  mark  a  man  ** 
became  penrerted  into  "  Nine  tailors 
make  a  man."  —  Note$  and  Queries, 
March  4,  1877. 

Tailors  of  Tooley  Street  {Tke 
Three),  Canning  tells  us  of  three  tailors 
of  Tooley  Street,  Sonthwark,  who  ad- 
dressed a  petition  of  grievances  to  the 
House  of  Commons,  beginning  with 
these  words,  **  We,  the  people  of 
England." 

The  "deputies  of  Yaugirard"  pre- 
sented themselves  before  Qiarles  YlII. 
of  France.  When  the  king  asked  how 
many  there  were,  the  usher  replied,  "  Only 
one,  an  please  your  majesty.** 

Taish.  Second  sight  is  so  called  in 
Ireland. — Martin,  Western  Met,  8. 

Dark  and  daqaMng.  mr  alsbC  I  Bfiajr  leal ; 
But  OHMi  cannot  oov«r  what  Oad  wooM  rawal. 
Tk  Um  raniet  of  Hit  glvw  dm  ngntlcBl  Ion. 
Ind  oomluf  ereots  ca«t  didr  abadowi  boTore. 


Taj,  in  Agra  (East  India),  the  mauso- 
leum built  by  shah  Jehan  to  nis  &vourite 
sultana  Moomtaz-4-Mahul,  who  died  in 
childbirth  of  her  eighth  child.  It  is  of 
white  marble,  and  is  so  beautiful  that  it 
is  called  "  A  Poem  in  Marble,'*  and  "The 
Marble  Queen  of  Sorrow.** 

Talbert  [Jd/'-^u^l  John  Talbert  or 
rather  Talbot,  "The  English  Achill^** 
first  earl  of  Shrewsbury  (1378-1453). 

Our  IklbcrU  to  tba  Frenek  m  tarrlUe  In  «w. 
That  with  hb  varjr  name  tboir  babet  thejr  and  to  wov, 
Dngrton.  AU^ktom,  sritt.  (ISU). 

Talbot  (John),  a  name  of  terror  la 

France.    Same  as  above. 

TiMjr  In  fnaca.  to  fian  thok  foaof  •hildrea.  am, 
•*  Ihe  Talbot  ooMMlli  I ' -Hall.  Okr^nietm  {IW). 

la  thla  tfaa  Tklbot.  M  nuMh  tafod  abroad. 
That  with  hU  namo  tb«  mothers  still  tboir  babM  t 
Shakeapoara.  1  Mmrg  r/.  act  U.  so.  S  (ISW). 

Taibot  (Colonel),  an  English  officer, 
and  one  of  Waverley's  friends.— Sir  W. 
Scott,  Waverley  (time,  George  II.). 

Tcktt)ot  {Lord  Arthur),  a  cavalier  who 
won  the  love  of  Elvira  daughter  of  lord 
W*alton ;  but  his  lordship  had  promised 
his  daughter  in  marriage  to  sir  Richard 
Ford,  a  puritan  offioec  The  betrothal 
being  set  aside,  lord  Talboi  became  the 
accepted  lover,  and  the  marriage  cerem^tty 


was  fixed  to  take  place  at  Plyiasnth.  In 
the  mean  time,  lord  Arthur  sseisted  tkc 
dowager  tpieen  Henrietta  to  escape,  aad 
on  his  return  to  England  was  arrested  by 
the  soldiers  of  Cromwell,  and  condemned 
to  death  ;  but  Cromwell,  feeling  secure  of 
his  position,  commanded  all  political 
prisoners  to  be  released,  so  lord  Arthor 
was  set  at  liberty,  and  married  Elvixm. — 
Bellini,  /Purjtow  (1834). 

Talbot  {Lying  Dick),  the  nickname  given 
to  Tyrconnel,  tne  Irish  Jacobite,  who  held 
the  highest  offices  in  Ireland  in  the  reign 
of  James  II.  and  in  the  early  put  of 
William  III.'s  reign  (died  1691). 

Tale  of  a  Tab,  a  comedy  by  Ben 
Jonson  (1618).  This  was  the  hut  oooedy 
broo^t  out  by  him  on  the  stage;  the  fir«t 
WBEvery  Man  in  Hu  Bumowr  (1598). 

of  Aifatoph'aal^  and  lets  hk  wtt  1 
'  ht  bring  upon  thai' 
.-airWs 


Tale  cf  a  7Vi6,  a  reUgiovs  satire  hr 
dean  Swift  (1704).  lU  object  it  to  ridi- 
cnle  the  Roman  OUholics  under  the  name 
of  Peter,  and  the  presbyterians  nnder  the 
name  of  Jack  {Oalvm],  The  Church  of 
EngUnd  is  represented  by  Martin  ILm- 
ther}. 

OMi.'ioM's Trmmla  and «m  T0lt^mTmki 


Tales  {Ohinem),  being  the  tamami- 
gtations  of  the  mandarin  ^m-Hoao,  told 
to  Gnlehenras  daughter  of  the  kiiw  of 
Georgia.  (See  Fim-HoA«,  p.  867.) — 
T.  S.  Gueulette  (originally  in  Fieech, 
1728). 

TaU$  {I^Bdnf),  a  aeries  of  tale%  originally 
in  French,  by  the  coatease  D*  Annoy, 
D*Aulnoy,  orl>*Anois(I698).  Some  are 
very  near  copies  of  the  Arabian  Higkts, 
The  beit-known  are  "Chery  and  Fair- 
star,**  "The  YeUow  Dwarf,**  and  **Tlie 
White  C:at,** 

About  the  same  time  (1697),  Claude 
Perrault  published,  in  French,  his  famoua 
Fairy  Tales,  chiefly  taken  from  the  A^fos 
of  Scandinavia. 

Tal4$  {Moral),  twen^-thvee  tales  hj 
Marmontel,  origroally  in  French  (1761). 
They  were  iiSended  for  diangfata  of 
dmmas.  The  design  of  the  first  tale, 
eaUed  "  Alcibiftdgs,**  is  to  expooe  the 
folly  of  expecting  to  be  loved  "  iMnky 
for  one's  self.**  The  design  of  the 
tale,  called  "SoUman  II.,*'  ia  to 
the  folly  of  attempting  fee  gain 
lave  by  any  o^er  means  than 


TiULKS. 


fTl 


TAUSXAN. 


lov«;  and  so  on.     The  noond  tale  haa 
been  diamatixed. 

TaUs  (Oriental)^  by  the  comtc  de 
Caylas,  originally  m  French  (1743).  A 
iiencs  of  tales  eapposed  to  be  told  by 
Momdbak,  a  girl  of  14,  to  Hndjadge 
shah  of  Persia,  who  could  not  sleep.  It 
eontains  the  tale  of  **  The  Seven  Sleepers 
of  Ephesos.**    (See  Mobadbak,  p.  658.) 

Tales  of  a  QrandfSBhther,  in  three 
series,  brsirW.Soott;  told  to  Hugh  Uttle- 
john,  who  was  between  five  and  six  years 
of  age  (1828).  These  tales  are  supposed  to 
be  taken  from  Sooteh  chronieks,  and 
€Bibraee  the  roost  prominent  and  graphic 
iaeidents  of  Scotoh  history.  S«n6i  L, 
*#  the  aaialganiatien  of  the  two  erowns 
ia  James  I. ;  series  ii.^  to  the  anion  of 
the  two  parliaments  m  the  leign  of 
qaeen  Anne;  series  iii.,  to  the  death 
mi  Oharies  Edward  the  Toung  Pretender. 

Tales  of  My  Iiandlord.  tales  sup- 
posed to  be  told  by  the  landlord  of  the 
Wallace  inn,  in  the  parish  of  Gander- 
eleuch,  **  edited  and  arranged  by  Jedediah 
Cleishbotham,  schoolmaster  and  parish 
clerk  **  of  the  same  parbh,  but  in  reality 
corrected  and  arranged  by  his  usher, 
Peter  or  Patrick  Pattison,  who  lived  to 
complete  five  of  the  novels,  but  died 
before  the  last  two  were  issaed.  These 
novels  are  arranged  thus:  Fir»t  Seriet, 
''The  Blaek  Dwarf"  and  <'01d  Mor- 
talitv  ; "  Secmd  Serie$,  "  Heart  of  Mid- 
lothian ;  **  Third  Serits,  "  Bride  of  Um- 
mermoor  **  and  "  Legend  of  Montrose  ; " 
J^ottAu»um$,  ** Count  Robert  of  Paris** 
and  *' Castle  Dangerous.**— Sir  W.  Scott 
(See  Black  Dwarfs  introduction.) 

Tales  of  the  Crusadersy  by  sir 
W.  Scott,  include  TAt  B€in4k$d  and  The 
TaHsmem, 

Tales  of  the  Genii,  that  is,  tales 
told  by  genii  to  Iracagem  their  chief, 
respecting  their  tntelarv  charges,  or  how 
they  had  dischar|^  their  functions  as 
the  guardian  gemi  of  man.  Patna  and 
Coulor,  children  of  Giualar  (iman  of 
Terki),  were  permitted  to  hear  these 
aoeonnts  rendered,  and  hence  they  have 
reached  our  earth.  The  genius  Bar- 
haddan  related  the  history  of  his  tutelarv 
chaige  of  Abn'dah,  a  merdiant  of  Bagdad. 
Tlie  genius  Mamlouk  told  how  he  had 
been  employed  in  watching  over  the 
«tervite  Alfbnran.  Neict,'Omnhnm  re- 
counted his  labours  as  the  tutelar  genius 
ef  Hassan  Assar  caliph  of  Bagdad.  The 
fesnlaa  Hassarack  tails  tii^t  exDerienca  in 


the  tale  of  Kelann  and  Guzzarat.  Tb» 
fifth  was  a  female  genius,  by  name 
Houadir,  who  told  the  tale  of  Urod,  the 
fair  wanderer,  her  ward  on  earth.  Then 
rose  the  sage  genius  Maconia,  and  told 
the  tale  of  the  sultan  Misnar,  with  the 
episodes  of  Mahoud  and  the  princess  of 
Gsssimir.  The  affable  Adiram,  the  tutelar 
genius  of  Sadak  and  Kalas'iade,  told  of 
their  battle  of  life.  Last  of  all  rose  the 
▼eneiable  genius  Nadan,  and  recounted 
the  history  of  his  earthly  charge  named 
Mirelip  the  dervise.  These  tales  are  from 
the  Persian,  and  are  ascribed  to  Horam 
■onof  Asmar. 

Talffoly  a  butcher  in  Newgate  market, 
who  obtained  a  captain*s  commission  in 
Cromwell's  army  for  his  bravery  at 
Naseby. 


,    »i«rc-_ 

liuwMl  tplkboor.  nraO,  and  toll. 
And,  Iik«  a  ohamplou.  akoM  wUh  oO  .  .  . 
Ha  manx  a  boar  and  Imms  dun  cow 
DM.  lllwaM«lMrO«jr77artlin»w  .  .  . 
WHh  amtmtnom  at  limp  btfd  ioaskt 
Thaa  AJax  «r  bold  don  Qiitioto. 

a  Butter.  amdiWoi,  L  t  (ItB). 

Talieain  or  TxLiEaisiN,  son  of  St 
Henwig,  chief  of  the  bards  of  the  West, 
in  the  time  of  king  Arthur  (sixth  cen- 
tury). In  the  MabituktioH  is  given  the 
l^cnds  connected  witn  him,  several 
specimens  of  his  songs,  and  all  that  is 
historically  known  about  him.  The  burst- 
ing in  of  the  sea  through  the  neglect  of 
Seithenin,  who  had  charge  of  we  em- 
bankment, and  the  ruin  which  it  brought 
on  Gwydiino  Garanhir,  is  allegorized ^y 
the  burstmg  of  a  i>ot  called  the  *'  caldron 
of  inspimtion,**  through  the  neglect  of 
Gwion  Bach,  who  was  set  to  watdi  it. 


Inli 

tramble  at  uqr 


Dnqrtao.  PtHfeOlan,  It.  (104. 


Talisman  (The),  a  novel  by  sir  W. 
Scott,  and  one  of  the  best  of  the  thirty- 
two  which  be  wrote  (1825).  It  is  the 
story  of  Richard  Coeur  de  Lion  being 
cured  of  a  fever  ia  the  Holy  Land,  by 
Saladin,  the  soldan.  his  noble  enemy. 
Saladin,  hearing  of  his  illness,  assumed 
the  disguise  of  Adonbec  el  Hakim,  the 
physician,  and  visited  the  king.  He  filled 
a  cup  with  spring  water,  into  which  he 
dipped  the  talisman,  a  little  red  purse 
that  he  took  from  his  bosom,  and  when  it 
had  been  steeped  long  enough,  he  gave 
the  draught  to  the  king  to  drink  (ch.  ix.). 
During  the  king's  sickness,  the  archduke 
of  Austria  planted  his  own  banner  beside 
that  of  Rngland ;  but  immediately  Richard 
recovered  from  his  fever,  he  tore  down 


TAUSlfAN0. 


TALDT. 


tttt  Aastrisn  banotr,  md  jptre  it  in 
iodj  to  sir  Kenneth.  While  Kenneth 
was  absent,  be  left  bis  dog  in  charge 
of  it,  but  on  his  return,  fonnd  the  dog 
womided  and  the  banner  stolen.  King 
Richafd,  in  his  rage,  ordered  sir  Kenneth 
to  execoiion,  but  pardoned  him  on  the 
intercession  oif  **the  physician**  (Haladin). 
Sir  Kenneth's  dc^  showed  sveh  a  strange 
arernon  to  the  marqnia  de  Mentserrat 
that  suspicion  was  aroused,  the  narqois 
was  chalWnged  to  single  eomhai,  and, 
being  overthrown  by  sir  Kenneth,  con- 
fessed that  he  had  stolen  the  banner. 
The  lore  story  interwoven  is  that  between 
sir  Kenneth  the  prince  royal  of  Scotland, 
and  lady  Edith  Plantagenet  the  king's 
kinswoman,  with  whose  marriage  the  tale 
concludes. 

Talismans.    In  order  to  free  a  house 

of  vermin,  the  figure  of  the  obnoxious 

animal  should  be  made  in  wax  in  "  the 

planetary  hour.** — Warburton,  Critical  Ir^ 

quiry  into  Prodigies  .  .  .  (1727). 

H0  wotv  tMrt  )UB  uM  rohlwd  his  dooh^ 
Aad  flolMi  kis  taUMMirie  Iooml 

8.  Botkr.  #MSUr«4  HL  1  (MTS). 

The  Abraxas  stone,  a  stone  with  the 
word  ABRAXAS  engraved  on  it,  is  a 
famous  talisman.  The  word  symbolizes 
the  866  intelligences  between  deity  and 
man. 

In  Arabia,  a  talisman,  consisting  of  a 
piece  of  paper  containing  the  names  of  the 
seven  sleepers  of  Ephesus,  is  still  used, 
**to  ward  the  house  from  ghosts  and 
demons.** 

TalinnaM  (The  Four),  Honna,  sur- 
named  Seidel-Beckir,  a  talismanist,  made 
three  of  great  value:  viz.,  a  little  golden 
tlsh,  which  would  fetch  out  of  the  sea 
whatever  it  was  bidden ;  a  poniard,  which 
rendered  invisible  not  only  the  person 
bearing  it,  but  all  those  he  wiriied  to  be 
so  ;  and  a  ring  of  steel,  which  enabled  the 
wearer  to  read  the  secrets  of  men's  hearts. 
The  fourth  talisman  was  a  bracelet, 
which  preserved  the  wearer  from  poison. 
—Comte  de  Caylus,  Oriental  Tales  (**  The 
Four  Talismans,'*  1748). 

Talking  Bird  {The),  called  Bulbul- 
he'zar.  It  had  the  power  of  human 
speech^  and  when  it  sang  all  the  song- 
birds in  the  vicinity  came  and  joined  in 
concert.  It  was  afso  oracular,  and  told 
the  sultan  the  tale  of  his  three  children, 
and  how  they  had  been  exposed  by  the 
sultana's  two  jealous  sisters. — Arviriam 
Nights  («The   Two   Sisters,'*   the   last 


The  talkiM^  bud  is  called  ««ae  littie 
green  biid^ui  **The  Princess  Fauatas^-' 


one  of  the  Fairy  Tales  of  the 
D'Aunoy  (1682). 

Tallboy  (Old),  forester  of  St.  lfary*a 
Convent.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Momasiery  (tuae, 
Elizabeth). 

Talleyrand.  This  naoM:,  anciently 
written  "Taineran,**  was  originaOy  a 
fobriqnet  derived  from  the  words  tmler 
les  rangs  (**c«t  throngh  the  ranks  **)• 

Talleyiaod  is  gcnoally  ereditwi  wilk 
the  mot:  *'La  parole  a  ^U  donnee  k 
l*bomme  ponr  I'aider  k  oaeher  sa 
[or  d^gmscr  hi  penser];**  but  they 
spoken  by  oomte  de  Montrond,  **tha 
agreeable  econadrel  in  the  oomi  of  Marie 
Antoinette.**— Captain  Gronow,  JteeoUee- 
tions  and  Anecdotes, 

Voltaire,  sixty  ytan  previous! v,  hnd 
lis  n'eni^yent  les  parofiM  qmtb 
pour  d^iser  lears  penseis.** — Le  Ckapom 
et  la  Poularde. 

And  (ioldsmitb,  in  1759,  when  Talley- 
rand was  about  four  years  old,  had  pub- 
lished the  sentence:  '*The  true  nse  oi 
speech  is  not  so  much  to  express  oar 
wants  as  to  conceal  them.** — Tm  Bee,  iiL 

Talos,  son  of  Perdix,  sister  of  Dndli- 
los,  inventor  of  the  saw,  compasses,  and 
other  mechanical  instruments.  His  nncle. 
jealous  of  him,  threw  him  from  the  citadel 
of  Athens,  and  he  was  changed  into  a 
partridge. 

Talos,  a  man  of  brass,  made  by  He- 
phsBstos  (Vulcan),  This  wonderfnl 
automaton  was  given  to  Minos  to  patrol 
the  island  of  Crete.  It  traversed  the 
island  thrice  every  day,  and  if  a  stranger 
came  near,  made  itself  rad  hot,  nod 
squeezed  him  to  death. 

Talas»  an  iron  man,  representing 
power  or  the  executive  of  a  state.  He 
was  Astnea's  groom,  whom  the  goddeaa 
gave  to  sir  ArtSgal.  This  man  of  iron, 
"  unmovable  and  resistless  without  end,* 
"swift  as  a  swallow,  and  as  a  lion  strong,* 
carried  in  his  hand  an  iron  flail,  "with 
which  he  thieshed  out  falsehood,  and  did 
truth  unfold.**  When  sir  Artegal  fell 
into  the  power  of  Radig^d  queen  of  die 
Am&zons,  Talus  brought  Britomart  to  the 
rescue.  —  Spenser,  Faery  Qveen^  r.  1 
(1696). 

TaluL  So  the  Mohammedans  cell 
SanL 

Vttily  GoS  kiflk  Mt  IMS*  ldi« 
—id.  VerHj  OqJ  hath  cImmwi  biM. 


TM^VI. 


979 


TAMIUKT. 


yon 


^Mri,  A  pModon^  o<  Mn.  Robinaon 
It  is  nnnply  the  initUls  of  her  i     '* 
iiAB«,    lAente    Albertine    Loiu« 
lakob. 

Taili  o*  TodshttW,  a  huntsmui,  neiir 
ChArlie*8  Hope  fann.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Guy 
Mcmmermg  (tune,  George  II.)* 

Tnm.  o*  the  Ckiwgate.  the  tobriqnet 
of  sir  Thomas  Hamilton,  a  scotch  lawyer, 
who  lived  in  the  Cowgate,  al  Edinbuigk 
(♦-1W3). 

Tambnrlaine  the  Great  (or  ll- 

mow  Lerki)f  the  Tartar  conqueror.  In 
history  called  Tamerlane.  He  had  only 
one  hand  and  was  lame  (1386-1405).  The 
hero  and  title  of  a  tragedy  by  C.  Marlow 
(1597).  Shakespeare  (2  Henry  IV.  act  ii. 
8c.  4)  makes  Hstol  qoote  a  |>art  of  this 
tmgid  play. 


Hoik,  y  vmmptni  iaim  of 
What  I  cmn  ye  draw  bat  trnttntf  mlhi  a  4v* 
■a  pwd  a  chariot  at 


k  a  eaachaMB  aa  KTMtt 

(In  the  stage  direction : 


...^  ,4tmmm  hi  hto  chariot hjr TtoMaM 

ami  Soria.  vlth  Mti  la  thdr  mouths.  rabM  in  hb  Wt 
hMd.  fca  kfc  right  a  whip  wlU  whkh  ha  iiniipplh 
IkMi.) 

N.  Rowe  has  a  tragedy  entitled  Ifamsr- 
(f.«.). 


Tame  (1  <y'.),  a  river  which  rises  in 
the  vale  of  Aylesbury,  at  the  foot  of  the 
Chiltem,  and  hence  called  by  Drayton 
'*  Chikem^s  sun.'*  Chiltem*t  son  marries 
lais  (Cotswold's  heiress),  whose  son  and 
heir  is  Thames.  This  sJl^orv  forms  the 
sntnect  of  song  xv.  of  therotyoibMiij  and 
10  the  most  pomcal  of  them  aU. 

Tamer  Tamed  (Th^h  ^  ^i°^  o^ 
oeqoel  to  Shakespeare*s  comedy  The 
Tamma  of  the  ShrevK  In  the  Ibnter 
Turned,  Petnichio  is  supposed  to  marry 
A  saeoad  wife,  by  whom  Be  is  hen-pecked. 
— Beaumont  and  Fleldicr  (1647). 

Tamerlane,  emperor  of  Tartary,  in 
Rowe's  tragedy  so  called,  is  a  noble, 
generous,  hish-mindcd  prince,  the  very 
elass  and  fashion  of  all  conquerors,  in  his 
forgiveness  of  wrongs,  and  from  whose 
example  Christians  may  be  taught  their 
moral  code.  Tamerlane  treats  Bajazet, 
his  captive,  with  truly  godlike  clemency, 
till  Uie  fierce  sultan  plots  his  assassination. 
Then  longer  forbearance  would  have  been 
folly,  aM  the  Tartar  had  his  untamed 
eapUve  chained  in  a  cage,  like  a  wild  beast. 
*^N.  Rowe,  Tmnerlane  (170S). 

It  is  said  that  Louis  XIV.  was  Rowe's 
**  Bojoaet,**  and  WilUam  III.  his  '*  Tamer- 
lane.** 


*^*  Tamerlane  is  a  eomtption  of  2^ 
mour  Lenah  (**Timour  the  Ume'*).  He 
was  one-handed  and  lame  also.  His 
name  was  used  by  the  Persians  in  ter~ 
roteau  (See  TAMBURUkiicK  thk  Great.) 

Taminfi^  of  the  Shrew  {The),  a 
oomedy  by  Shakespeare  (1584).  The 
**  shrew*"  is  Rathari'na,  elder  daaghter  of 
Baptists  of  Padua,  and  she  is  tamed  by 
the  stronger  mind  of  Petnichio  into  a 
most  obeoient  and  submissive  wife. 

This  drama  is  founded  on  A  pieaeaunt 
oomoeited  Hietorie,  called  The  Tatmnq  of 
a  Shrew,  As  it  hath  beene  eundry  ttmes 
acted  by  the  right  honourcAle  the  Earle  of 
Pemhrooke  his  servants,  1607.  The  in- 
duction is  borrowed  from  Heutems,  Bemm 
Buryundeamm,  iv.,  a  translation  of  which 
into  English,  by  E.  Grimstone,  appeared 
in  16U7.  The  same  trick  was  played  by 
Haronn-al-Raschid  on  the  merchant  Abon 
Hassan  (Arabian  Nights,  <*The  Sleeper 
Awakened  **) ;  and  by  PhiKppe  the  Good 
of  Burgundy.  ^See  Burton,  Anatomy  of 
Melancholy,  ll.  li.  4  ;  see  also  ITte  Frotick- 
some  Duke  or  the  Tinker's  Good  Fbrttme 
(a  ballad),  P*Tcy.) 

Beaumont  aad  Fletcher  wrote  a  kind  of 
sequel  to  this  comedy,  called  The  Tamer 
Tamed,  in  which  Petnichio  is  supposed  to 
marry  a  second  wife,  by  whom  he  is  hen- 
pecked n647). 

l%e  Honeymoon,  a  comedy  by  Tobin 
(1804),  is  a  similar  plot,  but  the  shrew  is 
tamed  with  far  less  display  of  obstreperous 
self-wUL 

Tami'no  and  Pami'na^  tbe  two 
lovers  who  were  guided  by  the  magic  fiute 
through  all  worloiy  dangers  to  the  know- 
ledge of  divine  truth  ^r  the  mysteries 
of  Isis).— Moxart,  J)ie  Zoniter/idte  (1791). 

Tammany,  Tamendy,  or  Tarn* 
menund,  an  Indian  chief  of  the  Dela^ 
ware  nation  who  lived  about  the  middle  of 
the  seventeenth  eenhiry.  Ue  was  a  great 
friend  of  the  whites,  and  was  fismous 
in  tradition  for  so  many  other  virtues 
that  in  the  latter  days  of  the  RevoIuUon 
he  was  faoetioiufly  adopted  as  the  patron 
saint  of  the  new  republio.  A  society 
eallcd  the  Tammany  Society  was  found- 
ed in  New  York  City,  May  12, 1789,  origi- 
nally  for  benevolent  purposes,  bat  it  ulti- 
mately developed  Into  a  mere  political  en- 
gine, becoming  the  principal  instrument 
of  the  managers  of  the  Democratic  party 
in  New  YoA  City.  In  1871,  however, 
the  disttlosores  as  to  the  eorrupt  praotioo 
indulged  in  by  the  Tammany  ehteftsini, 


TAiniux. 


f74 


TAKNHIUSER. 


then  at  the  head  of  the  municipal  gorem- 
inent,  united  the  men  of  all  parties  againtt 
it,  and  the  power  of  the  society — although 
efforts  hare  since  been  made  to  reform 
and  purifj  it — is  now  a  thing  of  the  past. 

Tammua,  the  mootk  of  July.  St. 
Jerome  lays  the  Hebrews  and  Syrians  call 
the  moDfch  of  June  "  Tammuz." 

Tam'ora,  queen  of  the  Goths,  in  love 
with  Aaron  the  Moor. — (?)  Shakespeare, 
Tihu  Andron'icHS  (1593). 

*^*  The  classic  name  is  Androidcus, 
but  Titus  Andronlcus  is  a  purely  fic- 
titious character. 

Tamper  (CoUmel),  betrothed  to  Emily. 
On  his  return  from  Havannah,  he  wanted 
to  ascertain  if  Emily  loved  him  **for 
himself  alone:**  so  he  pretended  to 
have  lost  one  leg  and  one  eye.  Emily 
was  so  shocked  that  the  family  doctor 
was  sent  for,  who,  amidst  ot^er  gossip, 
told  the  vonng  lady  he  bad  recently  seen 
colonel  Tamper,  who  was  looking  re- 
markably well,  and  had  lost  neither  le^ 
nor  eve.  Emily  now  perceived  that  a  trick 
was  being  played,  so  she  persuaded  lidlle. 
Florival  to  assume  the  part  of  a  rival 
lover,  under  the  assumed  name  of  captain 
Johnson.  After  the  colonel  had  been 
thon>u^hly  roasted,  major  Belford  entered, 
reco(^nized  "  captain  Johnson  **  as  his  own 
affitmc^f  the  colonel  saw  how  the  tables 
had  been  turned  upon  him,  apolosriaed, 
and  all  ended  happily.— -O.  Ouman, 
senior,  ITie  Ikwse  is  m  Um,  (17G2). 

Tamson  {Peg\,  an  old  woman  at 
Middlemaa  village—Sir  W.  Scott  The 
ihtrgeon's  Daughter  (time,  George  11.), 

Tanaquill,  wife  of  Tarqainiw/)ri«oi» 
.of  Rome.  She  was  greatly  venerated  by 
the  Romans,  but  Juvenal  uses  the  nam<3 
as  the  personification  of  an  imperioos 
woman  with  a  strong  independent  wSU. 
In  the  Fairy  Qyuen,  Spenser  calls  Glorina 
{fueen  EiisabetA)  «'TanaquiU'*  (bk.  i. 
introdactioB,  1690). 

Tancred,  son  of  Eudes  and  Emma. 
He  was  the  greatest  of  all  the  Christian 
warriors  except  Rinaldo.  His  one  fault 
was  '*  woman's  love,*"  and  that  woman  Co- 
rinda,  a  pagan  (bk.  i.).  Tancred  brought 
800  horse  to  the  allied  crusaders  under 
Godfrey  of  Bouillon.  In  a  night  combat, 
Tanered  unwittingly  slew  Corinda,  and 
lamented  her  deaUi  with  great  and  bitter 
lamentation  (bk.  xii.).  Iking  wounded, 
he  was  tenderly  nursed  by  Erminia,  who 
was  in  love  with  him  (bk.  xix.). — ^tasso, 
UnmUtm  J)€ii9€rmi  (1676). 


%*  Rossini  has  an  opera  entitled  Jtes- 
or«d»(l818). 

Tancred,  prince  of  Otranto,  one  oi  tb« 
crusaders,  probably  the  same  as  the  <ine 
ab.»ve.— Sir  W.  Scott,  GmU  £obert  of 
Paris  (time,  Rufus). 

Tancred  (Couni),  the  orphan  ion  of 
Manfred,  eldest  fcnmiaon  <rf  Roger  I.  of 
SicilT,  and  rightful  heir  to  the  tiuooe. 
His  lather  was  murdered  by  William  the 
Bad,  and  he  himself  was  brought  up  bjr 
SiflPre'di  lord  high  chancellor  of  Sicily. 
While  o.nlv  a  count,  he  fell  in  love  with 
Sigismunda'  Uie  chanceIlor*8  dao|^ter, 
but  when  king  Roger  died,  he  left  the 
tiirone  to  Tancred,  provided  he  married 
Constantia,  daughter  of  William  the  Bad, 
and  thus  united  the  rival  lines.  Tsncred 
gave  a  tacit  consent  to  this  arrange- 
ment, intending  all  the  time  to  obtain  a 
dispensation  ftom  tte  pope,  and  marry 
the  chanoellor'sdaaghter ;  Imt  Sigismunda 
could  not  know  his  secret  intentions,  and, 
in  a  fit  of  irritation,  married  the  earl 
Osmond.  Now  follows  the  catastrophe : 
Tancred  sought  an  interview  with  Sigia- 
munda,  to  justify  his  conduct,  but  Oa- 
moad  fthaJlenged  him  to  fight.  Osmood 
fell,  and  stabbed  Sigismunda  when  aha 
ran  to  his  succour. — ^Thomson,  Tancred 
and  &gismtmda  (1745). 

*«*  Thomson's  tragedy  it  founded  on 
the  episode  called  **The  Baneful  Mar- 
riage,^ GU  BUu,  iv.  4  (Lesage,  1734).  In 
the  prose  tale,  Tancred  is  called  '*  Henri- 
quez,'*  and  Sigismunda  **  Blandi.** 

Tancredi.  the  Italian  form  of  Tan- 
cred {q.v.).  The  best  of  the  early  operas 
of  Rossini  (1818). 

Taziner  of  Tamworth  (TJU),  the 
man  who  mistook  Edward  IV.  for  a  hiidi- 
wayman.  After  some  little  altaioatka, 
they  changed  horses,  the  king  giving  his 
hunter  for  the  tanner's  cob  worth  about 
four  killings :  but  as  soon  as  Uie  tanner 
mounted  the  king's  hone,  it  threw  him, 
and  the  tanner  gladly  psid  down  a  sum 
of  monev  to  get  his  old  cob  back  again. 
King  Edward  now  blew  his  hunting- 
horn,  and  the  courtiers  gathered  ronlid  him. 
**  I  hope  [i.e.  expect\  I  shall  be  hanged 
for  this,**  cried  the  tanner ;  but  the  king, 
in  merry  pin,  gave  him  the  manor  of 
Plumpton  Park,  with  800  marks  a  year. 
— Percy,  Rcliques,  etc, 

Tannhanaar  {Sir),  called  in  German 
the  mter  Tannhanaer,  a  Tentonic  knight, 
who  wins  the  love  of  lisaora,  a  Mintnen 
lady.    Uilario  the  philosopher  often 


TAOUISM. 


f76 


TAFWBLL. 


veiats  with  the  Bitter  on  miperDatural 
subjects,  and  promiaes  Uwt  Veaus  herself 
shall  be  his  mistress,  if  he  will  sam- 
mon  up  his  courage  to  enter  Venusbeiif. 
Tonnhftnser  starts  on  the  mysterious  jour- 
ney, and  Lisaura,  hearing  thereof,  kills 
herself.  At  Venusberg  we  Ritter  gives 
full  swing  to  his  pleasures,  but  in  time 
returns  to  Mantua,  and  makes  his  con- 
isssinn  to  pope  Urban.  His  holiness 
says  to  him,  **  Man,  yon  can  no  more 
hope  for  absolutisn  than  this  staff  which 
I  hold  in  my  hand  cm  bs  expected  to 
bod.**  So  Tannhftuser  flies  in  despair  from 
Rane,  and  returns  to  Venusberg.  Mean- 
while, tiie  pope's  staff  actually  does  sprout, 
and  UrbaA  sends  in  all  directions  for  tiie 
Bitter,  b«t  he  is  nowhere  to  be  found. 

Tieek,  in  his  PhatUanu  (1819),  intro- 
the  story.  Wagner  (in  1845) 
bsonght  out  an  operatic  spectacle,  called 
Tmmhimter,  The  eompanion  of  Tann- 
klaser  was  Eckhardt. 

*«*  The  tale  of  Tannhioser  is  snb- 
•taatiallT  the  same  as  that  of  lliomas 
mt  Eneidoun,  also  called  *' Thomas  the 
Rhymer,**  who  was  so  intimate  with  Faery 
folk  that  he  eould  foretell  what  events 
wonld  come  to  pass.  He  was  also  a  bard, 
and  wrote  the  famous  lay  of  Sir  lyutrem. 
The  general  belief  is  that  the  seer  Is  not 
dead,  but  has  been  simply  removed  from 
the  land  of  the  living  to  Fa«ry-land, 
whence  occasionally  he  emerses,  to  bosy 
himself  with  human  affairs.  Sir  W.  bvott 
has  introduced  the  legend  in  Castie  Dtm- 
geroHi,  V.    (See  Ebcbldoum,  p.  298.) 

Taouism,  the  system  of  Taon,  tiiat 
invisible  prineiple  which  pervades  every- 
thing. Pope  refers  to  this  universal 
diviaa  nanntation  ia  the  well-known 
Hues:  i* 

Waras  IB  Mka  Mk  MftiMtaa  te  ttM  ftMMi. 

QtMn  hi  tiMrtML  and  blOMMM  la  tlM  ITM. 

IhrwiUmMi^MJtnfc.  •stmids  tiinnigh  all  «it«Bt, 
apnarii  BMMdaSi  tptnMtt  untfunu  ^^ 

Tapestered  Chamber  (The)^  a 
tale  1^  sir  w.  Scott,  laid  in  ne  reign 
af  G«oi]ge  III.  There  are  but  two  cha- 
laeters  introduced.  General  Browne  goes 
on  a  visit  to  lord  Woodville,  and  sleeps 
la  the  *'tapestered  chamber,"  which  is 
haanted.  He  sees  the  "Uidy  m  the 
Saeqae,"  describes  her  to  lord  Woodville 
next  morning,  and  recognizes  her  picture 
in  the  portrait  gallery. 

The  iMck  of  Uik  Conn  wm  tvMd  to  aa.  and  I  coaU 
aftnrra.  fma  Iba  dMNldan  and  mA  h  wa«  tkat  or  an  oM 
wiiwaa.  wham  4nm  mu  an  oW  flwhtonad  fova,  wkldt. 
I  Uilak.  laSki  call  a  Meqae— tkal  U.  a  aort  of  robe  com- 
flat^r  looaa  ki  tha  bodj.  bat  faUMrad  Into  btaad  plaNi 
ipoa  iha  naek  and  rfMuldan,  vbkb  fail  Smto  to  Sto 
and  tomtaatoiMaipadaioftialB. 


Tapley  (JforA),  an  honest,  light- 
hearted  young  man,  whose  ambition  was 
*' to  come  out  jelly  *'  under  the  most  un- 
fovourable  drcamstanoes.  Greatly  at- 
tached ta  Martin  Chuzxlewit,  he  leaves 
his  eomfortable  situation  at  the  Bine 
Dragon  to  accompany  him  to  America, 
and  in  "  Eden  '*  has  amf^e  opportunities 
of  **  being  jolly  **  so  far  as  wretchedness 
could  make  him  so.  On  his  return  to 
England,  he  marries  Mrs.  Lupin,  and  thus 
becomes  landlord  of  the  Blue  Dragun. 
— C.  Dickens,  Martin  CAuzzlewitf  xiii., 
xxi.,  etc.  (1848). 

ChailM  (r//.  9t  /VatMsa]  vai  tba  Mack  Vaplay  oT  Idngi. 

^  *^'^^^~^^wl»hhhmaai**)iilU9*waam  Uib  af- 

It  wag  Mnaribid  of  him  CiMt  "no  ooa 

vtth  iraator  laMgr.-— Kmt.  J. 


Tapp«rtit  (8im  Le.  Bmon),  the  ap- 
prentice of  Gabriel  Yaiden,  locksmito. 
He  was  just  20  in  years,  but  200  in  con- 
ceit. An  old-fashioned,  thin-faced,  sleek- 
haired,  sharp-nosed,  small-eyed  little 
fellow  was  Mr.  Sim  Tappertit,  about  five 
feet  hi|i^  but  thoroughly  convinced  in 
his  own  mind  that  he  was  both  good 
looking  and  above  tha  middle  sise,  in 
foct,  lather  tall  than  otherwise.  His 
fiKure,  which  was  slender,  he  was  proud 
of ;  and  with  his  legs^  which  in  knee- 
breeches  were  perfect  curiosities  of  little- 
ness, he  was  enraptured.  He  had  also 
a  secret  notion  that  the  power  of  his  eve 
was  irresistible,  and  he  believed  that  he 
eould  sabdae  the  haa^tiest  beauty  '^bv 
eyeing  her.**  Of  course,  Mr.  Tappertft 
had  an  aaibitious  sonl.  sind  admired  bis 
master's  daughter  Dolly.  He  was  cap- 
tain of  the  secret  society  of  "'Prentice 
Knights,"  whose  object  was  "  vengeance 
against  their  tyrant  masters.**  After  the 
wrdon  riots,  in  which  Tappertit  took  a 
leadiuflT  part,  he  was  found  *'  burnt  and 
bruised,  with  a  gun-shot  wound  in  his 
body,  and  both  his  legs  crushed  into 
shapeless  ugliness.**  Tm  cripple,  by  the 
locksmith's  aid,  turned  shoe-black  under 
an  archwav  near  the  Horse  Guards, 
thrived  in  his  vocation,  and  married  the 
widow  of  a  rog-and-bone  collector.  While 
an  apprentice.  Miss  Miggs,  the  **  protest- 
ant  shrewisn  servant  of 'Mrs.  Yardea, 
cast  an  eye  of  hope  on  '*  Simmun  ;  **  but 
the  conceited  puppy  pronounced  her  "  de- 
cidedly scraggy, '^  and  disregarded  the 
soft  impeachment. — C.  Dickens,  Bamall>y 
Budge  (1841).    (See  Stlli.) 

Taproba'n%  the  island  of  Ceylon.^ 
Ariosto,  Orkmdo  Furioto  (1516). 

Tapwell    iTmothy)^    husband    of 


976 


TABTABa 


Ffetii,  pot  iato  biuiiMM  by  Wdlboni*8 
Ittiier,  wbo06  batler  be  wu.  When 
Wellborn  was  icdnoed  to  beggary, 
Timothy  bdiAved  aiost inBolentlytohiiit; 
but  M  soon  as  he  eappoeed  he  was  about 
to  mairy  the  rich  dowager  lady  Allwoith, 
the  raM«l  &WDed  on  him  like  a  whipped 
spaoiel. — Maseiiiger,  A  New  Way  to  Pay 
did  Debtt  {i62b). 

Tara  ( The  BUI  of),  in  Meath,  IreUnd. 
Here  the  kings,  the  clergy,  the  princes, 
and  the  bards  used  to  assemble  in  a  large 
hall,  to  consult  on  matters  of  public  im- 
portance. 


TIm  nol  of  oumIc  died. 
H«w  hMici  M  mute  ou  Tm»*«  vaBi 
Ai  IT  that  toil  wort  S«L 
T.  Moor*.  iHA  ir«lo4<M  r  TlM  Harp  tluU  One*  ...*  181-0. 

Tara  {Tke  Fa  of),  the  triennial  con- 
vention established  oy  CHlam  Fodlah  or 
OUav  Fola,  in  b.c.  900  or  9M.  When 
business  was  orer,  the  princes  banqueted 
together,  each  under  his  shield  suspended 
by  the  chief  herald  on  the  wall  according 
to  precedency.  In  the  reign  of  Cormac, 
the  palace  of  Tara  was  9M  f^  snuare, 
and  contained  IftO  apartments,  and  150 
dormitories  eadi  for  sixty  sleepers.  As 
many  as  1000  piests  were  daily  enter- 
tained in  the  halU 

Tara'8  Psaltery  or  PtaUm-  of  Tara, 
the  grest  national  register  or  chronicles 
of  Ireland,  read  to  the  assembled  princes 
when  they  met  in  Tant's  Hall  in  -pnblie 
oooforence. 


UmIt  triba.  tlMT  «M.  tMr  I 
Wm  auif  la  Tani*  tmlUr^. 

OmdpMI.  orctaMMT'*  CMM. 

Tarpa  {Spurim  Metim)^  a  famooa 

critic  of  the  Augustan  age.     He  sat  in 

the  temple  of  ApoUo  with  four  colleagues 

to  judge  the  merit  of  theatrical  pieces 

before  uiey  were  produced  in  public 

H«  ghM  UuMrif  oat  Cor  uMtlMmnM :  ^Mktot  btUlr. 
and  wpporti  hb  opinloiM  with  lopdnan  and  otmlaacy.— » 
,jili(lfr~ 


OU 


onsi. 


Tarpe'ian  Kock.  So  called  from 
Tarpeia,  daughter  of  Spurius  Tarpeius 
governor  of  the  citadel  on  the  Batumian 
(t.tf.  Capitoline)  Hill  of  Rome.  The  story 
is  that  the  Sabines  bargained  with  the 
Roman  maid  to  open  the  ^tes  to  them, 
for  the  '*  ornaments  on  their  arms.**  As 
they  passed  through  the  gates,  they  threw 
on  her  their  shields,  saying,  "These  are 
the  ornaments  we  bear  on  our  arms.** 
She  was  crushed  to  death,  and  buried  oh 
the  Tarpeian  Hill.  Evsr  after,  txaitors 
were  put  to  death  by  being  hurled  head- 
long m>m  the  hill-top. 


klailatkarock 


dtWLtclOmm. 

*^*  G.  Gilfillan,  in  his  introdnction  to 
Longfellow's  poems,  makes  an  errooeooa 
allusion  to  the  Roman  traitress.  He  saya 
Longfellow*s  "ornaments,  unlike  those 
of  the  Sabine  {$ic\  maid,  have  not  crnihed 
him." 

Tarquin,  a  name  of  tenor  in 
nurseries. 


TWwmwt»ilillM 

Ind  Mght  iMT  ayli«  iMklw  witk 


TarquhK{TheFaUof).  TheweU-l 
Roman  story  of  Sextos  TaiqaiaittB  and 
Lncretia  has  been  dnwataaed  by  variowe 

Krsons,  as :  N.  Lee  (1679) ;  John  Howac4 
tvne,  BrvltMOiThiFaU  of  Tarquim  (1820) 
— Uus  is  the  tragedy  in  which  Edsaand 
Kean  appeared  with  his  son  Charles  aft 
Glasgow,  the  father  taking  "BrotM** 
and  ttie  son  "  Titus.**  Amanlt  prad^nd 
a  tragedy  in  French,  entitled  Lvericc,  in 
1792 ;  and  Ponsard  in  1848.  Alfieri  has  a 
tragedv  called  ^rti^iis,  on  the  same  sub- 
ject. It  also  forms  indirectly  the  subject 
of  one  of  the  lays  of  lord  Maosalay,  called 
The  Battle  of  the  Lake  Reaillue  (1842),  • 
battle  undertaken  by  the  babinea  for  tiie 
restoration  of  Tarquin,  but  in  which  thfi 
king  and  his  two  sons  were  left  dead  npon 
the  field. 

TaiquiniuB  {Sextm)  baring  tIo- 
htted  Lucretia,  wife  of  Tanpinins  Golla* 
tinus,  caused  an  insurrection  in  Rome, 
whereby  the  magistoicy  of  kings  was 
ohanoed  Jor  that  of  oonswls. 

*«*  A  paaallei  ease  is  given  in  Spanish 
history:  Roderick  the  Got^  king  ef 
Spain,  having  riolated  Flerinda  dangh* 
ter  of  count  Julian,  was  the  eause  ef 
Julianas  inviting  over  the  Maoca,  who 
invaded  Spain,  drove  Roderick  from  the 
throne,  and  this  (jothie  dynasty  was  set 
aside  for  ever. 

Tartaro,  the  Basque  Cordons;  of 
giant  stature  and  cannibal  habits,  bat  not 
without  a  rough  honhommie.  InteUeeto- 
ally  ver^  low  in  the  scale,  and  invariably 
beaten  m  all  contests  with  men.  Galled 
in  spirit  by  his  ill  suocess*  the  giant 
commits  suicide*  Tartaro,  the  son  of  a 
king,  was  made  a  monster  out  of  punish* 
men^  and  was  never  to  lose  his  deioimi^ 
till  he  married.  One  day,  he  asked  a 
girl  to  be  his  bride,  and  on  bein||f  refused, 
sent  her  "a  talking  rin^,'*  which  talked 
without  ceasing  immeduitely  she  put  it 
en  {  seshe  cut  off  her  finger  and  tluew  it 


TABTUST* 


971 


TATINU8. 


into  A  kigt  pood,  and  Umk  the  TarHiro 
dromMd  bimaelf.— BeT.  W.  Webetei^ 
Basque  Legends,  1-4  (1876). 

Jd  ooe  of  the  Basoue  legends,  Tarturo 
is  represented  m  a  PoIvphPmos,  whose 
one  eye  is  bored  out  witL  spits  made  red 
hot  by  some  seamen  who  had  wandered 
inadvertently  into  his  dwelling.  Like 
Ulysses,  the  leader  of  these  seamen  made 
bis  escape  by  the  aid  of  a  imm,  but  with 
this  difference — he  did  not,  like  Ulysses, 
clins  to  the  ram's  belly,  but  fastened  the 
rarai^  bell  round  his  neck  and  threw  a 
sheep-skin  over  his  shoulders.  When 
Tartaro  laidhold  of  the  fugitive^  ttie  pan 
escaped,  leM^og  the  ahcep-skin  in  the 
giant's  band. 

TarUet  ( TM,  servant  ef  Mrs.  Pattr* 
paa,  io  whom  also  be  is  engaged  to  be 
mMTied.  He  says,  **  I  loves  to  see  life, 
becaiw  vy,  *tl8  so  agreeable.**— James 
Cobb,  Th9  t^ni  iVoorTi.  » (1766-1816). 

Tartuffe  (2  iyL),  the  chief  character 
and  Utie  of  a  comeay  by  Molibre  (1664). 
Tartnife  is  a  religious  hypocrite  and  im- 
postor, wbo  nees  *'  religiion  **  as  Hie  means 
of  gaining  money,  04^^ng  deeeit,  and 
promoting  self-indulgence.  He  is  taken 
np  by  one  Orson,  a  man  of  prepesty, 
wno  promises  nim  his  daughter  in  mar- 
riage, bat  his  true  character  being  ex- 
posed, he  is  not  onlv  turned  out  of  the 
boose,  but  is  lodged  in  jail  for  feleor. 

Isaac  Uickerstaff  has  adapted  Moli^re*s 
cooMdy  to  the  English  stage,  under  the 
title  of  The  BvpocrUe  (1768).  Tartnffe 
iM  calls  '*  Dr.  Oantwel],^  and  Orgen  '<  sir 
John  LaMbert."  Itistho«i^that"Tav- 
tnffe  **  is  a  carkators  of  P^  la  Chaise, 
tbo  oonfesser  of  Lovis  XIY.,  who  was 
land  of  trnfflea  (French,  iartuffee), 
that  this  snggested  tha  name  to  the 


▼efv 
and  I 


Tarb^e  (Saieer),  William  I.  the  king 
of  Pmssia  and  emperor  of  Germaoy 
(1797-       ). 

I  write  to  roa.  my  6mr  Amcnala, 
Ibaajr  we're  Imi4  a rpg'kr  "tenter." 
!••  Ihouand  FranchiMii  atM  bdov} 
**rakt  Cod.  froni  vliom  all  hlcMiufi  Sow.* 

^rnnth  (dorinv  tha  Fmaco-Pnwriaa  w«f)k 

Taitnffo  of  the  Bevolutioii.  J. 
K.  Paefae  is  so  caUed  by  Owlyle  (ITK)- 

1838). 

Svtei  PMha  fite  deA-bcadad,  ftqpl.  tba  wmSw  af  Mi 
mrnmaOT  t^  kumilkr  «f  ntedL  ...  lit  Hmn,  TMtMlk 
til  wanted.— CHljla. 

Tamar,  an  enchanter,  who  aided  the 
rebel  army  arrayed  against  M  isnar  sultan 
ol  DalhL  A  female  slave  undertook  to 
kill  the  anchanter,  and  want  with  the 


■nltan*!  laiMtien  Id  aarry  ont  ker  ptonHsai 
She  presented  hersdf  to  Taaaar  and  Abu'* 
bal,  and  presented  papers  whidi  she  said 
she  had  stolen.  Tasnar,  suspecting  a  trick, 
ordered  her  to  be  bow-strung,  and  then 
detected  a  dagger  concealea  about  her 

Serson.  Tasnar  now  put  on  the  slave's 
ress,  and,  trani^ormed  into  bar  like- 
ness, went  to  the  inltan's  tent.  The  vizier 
commanded  the  supposed  slave  to  pro»> 
trate  ^  herself"  before  she  appreacbed  the 
throne,  and  while  prostrate  he  cut  off 
''her**  head.  The  king  was  angry,  but 
tiie  visier  replied,  "  This  is  not  tbe  slave, 
but  the  encnanter.  Fearing  this  might 
oecnr,  I  fpave  the  slave  a  pass-word,  which 
this  deceiver  did  not  give,  and  was  thus 
betrayed.  So  perish  all  tkt  enemies  of 
Ifahomat  and  Misnar  his  vicegerent  upon 
•arth  I  '*-^ir  C.  Mr>rell  [J.  Ridley],  lbk$ 
ofM^OeiwiyVi.  (1751). 

Tasnixilf  a  fountain  in  Mahomet*8 
paradise ;  so  called  from  its  being  con- 
veyed to  the  very  highest  apartments  of 
the  celestial  mansions. 


IbMT  dial!  drink  of  pone  wina  .  .  .  and  tha 
mixed  tlierawltli  ihidl  he  of  TWnlm,  a  foantahi  whereof 
thoia  dwB  drhtk  who  approach  near  wnto  tha  dlvlna 
k— Jl  JTartfn.  hi. 


Tasso  and  Iieonora.  When  Tasso 
the  poet  lived  in  the  court  of  Alfonso 
II.  the  reining  duke  of  Ferrara^  he  fell 
in  love  with  I.,eonora  d*£ftte  (2  syi.)  Uie 
duke's  sister,  but  "she  saw  it  not  or 
viewed  with  disdain**  his  passion,  and 
the  poet,  moneyless,  fled  naif  mad  to 
Naples.  After  an  absence  of  two  years, 
in  which  the  poet  was  almost  starved  to 
death  by  extreme  poverty,  his  friendf, 
together  with  Iieonora,  induced  the  duke 
to  receive  him  back,  but  no  sooner  did  be 
reach  Perrara  than  Alfonso  sent  him  to 
an  asylum,  and  here  he  ¥ras  kept  fo^ 
seven  years,  when  he  was  libenued  by 
tbe  instigation  of  the  pops,  bnt  died  soon 
afterwards  (1644'1M5). 

Taste,  a  farce  by  Foote  (1753),  to 
expose  Uie  imposition  of  picture-dealers 
and  sellen  of  virtu  generally. 

Tasting  Death.  The  rabbis  say 
there  are  three  drops  of  gall  on  the  sword 
of  death :  onedrops  in  the  mouth  and  the 
man  dies ;  from  tne  second  the  pallor  of 
death  is  snffnsed;  from  tha  thiid  tbe 
carcase  turns  to  dost.— Purchas,  Jlit 
J'iigrimage  (1618). 

Tatl'nus,  a  Greek  who  joined  tbe 
•roriaders  witii  a  force  of  200  men  aimed 
with <«oiaukad  sabres'*  and  bows.  Them 
Greeks,  like  the  Parthians,  were  famoni 

8  tt 


TDflUfl* 


97S 


T£ABLBS8  BATTLE. 


ftll  «M«kc<l  off  booM.— ^TMaOi, 

TatiOB  (Achilles),  the  acolyte,  aa 
officer  in  the  Yann^nmn  euard. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Count  Rdbcrt  oJParu  (time,  Rufus). 

TaOantha  (8  «y/.),  the  faT«arite  of 
Fadladinida  (queen  of  Qoeenunmaaia  and 
wile  of  ChroDoahotoothologoe).  She  ex- 
tob  the  wailike  deeds  of  the  kiag,  aap- 
poting  the  qaeen  will  feel  flatCeted  by  her 
inaisesj  and  Fadladinida  exclaims,  **Aii 
mad,  Tatlaatbe?  Tour  talk's  distaste- 
f  al.  •  •  •  Yon  u%  too  pertly  lavish  in  his 
praise!**  She  then  guesses  that  the aneea 
loves  another,  and  says  to  herselr,  **I 
see  that  I  must  tack  alxMit,**  and  happen- 
ing to  mention  **  the  oaptive  king,**  Fad- 
ladinida exclaims,  «*That*s  hel  that's  hal 
that^s  he !  I'd  die  ten  thousand  deaths  to 
set  him  fne."  Ultimately,  the  queen  |iro- 
mises  marria^  to  both  the  cantive  king 
and  Rigdum-Funnidos  '*  to  make  matters 
easy.**  Hien,  toning  to  her  favourite, 
she  says: 

And  nov.  IMlMMhe.  <k«>  ariall  Hgr  OMx 
Whm  Airil  lAiidttM  aoch  MMClMr  »^l 
Pit/  UmI  fM.  wlio'f*  mtnd  m  long  mad  wtB, 
BhouU  die  a  vii«iii  and  imd  apwin  baa 
ChoaM  for  ytmtmM,  6mt  girl,  om  auylw  loiil; 
Taiir  partloa  it  tvalra  Iii»dw4  UkmimimI  pumid. 
U.  <kngr>  Ckmmti»k*Uttlk\il9§M  U7S4). 

Tattle,  a  man  who  ruins  characters  by 
Innuendo,  and  so  denies  a  scandal  ss  to 
confirm  it.  He  is  a  mixture  of  "  lying, 
foppery,  vanity,  cowardice,  bragging, 
licentioosness,  and  ugliness,  but  a  pro- 
fessed beau  **  (act  i.).  Tattle  is  entrapped 
into  marriage  with  Mrs.  FraiL^^ongreve, 
Love  for  Lote  (1695). 

♦/"Mrs.  Candour,-  in  Sheridan's 
School  for  Scandal  (1777),  it  a  Tattle  in 
petticoats. 


Tattjrooraai*  a  handsome  girl, 
lustrous  dark  hair  and  eyes,  who  dressed 
very  neatly.  She  was  taken  from  the 
Foundling  Hospital  (London)  by  Mr. 
Meagles  to  wait  upon  his  daughter.  She 
was  called  in  the  hospital  Harriet  Beadle. 
Harriet  was  changed  ilrst  to  Hatty,  then 
to  Tatty,  and  Coram  was  added  because 
tlie  Foundling  stands  in  Coram  Street. 
She  was  most  impulsively  passionate, 
and  when  excited  nad  no  control  over 
herself.  Miss  Wade  enticed  her  away 
for  a  time,  but. afterwards  she  returned 
to  her  first  friends. — C  Dickens,  LUtte 
Dorrit  (1867). 

Taw«m  of  Europe  (Tht).    Paris 
was  called  by  prince  Bismark,  X»  Oafcarsf 


Tawny  (23W).  Aleicaadia  Beovieite 
the  bistoruui  was  called  H  Moretto  (1514- 

1564). 

Tawny  Coata,  sumpners,  apparitors, 
officers  whose  business  it  waa  to  summon 
offenders  to  the  courts 
attendants  on  bishops. 

TU  khbop  of  Londaa  mttt  Mb    iWialii  tmhr  • 
VatSj  tompmr  of  —II—mi   Ib 


Taylor,  "the  water-poeL"  He 
wrote  four  score  books,  but  never  learnt 
«*  so  much  as  the  accidenU  **  (1580-1654). 


Ta^fkr.  tbair  better  Ctiaraa.  lends  an 
I  ftwaa  of  Ttaanat,  Uio*  now  Im  ii» 


vonsi. 

Taylor  (Dr.  Chevalier  Jokn).  He 
oaUed  himself  "  Optbalminator.  PosiU- 
ficial,  Imperial,  and  RoyaL**  He  died 
1767.  Hogarth  has  introdaced  him  in 
bis  famous  pietaie  '*T1m  Undertaker's 
Arma.**  He  is  one  of  the  three  figures 
atop,  to  the  left  hand  of  the  spectator; 
the  other  two  an  Mrs.  Mapp  and  Dr. 
Ward. 

Teadier  of  Germany  (Tke)^ 
Philip  Melandhon,  the  Rformcr  (1497- 
1660). 

TeaiAwen  (i/rs  •)«  *  pseudonym  of 
lady  Ellinor  Fenn,  wife  of  sir  John 
Fenn,  of  East  Derdiam,  Norfcrfk* 

Teague  (l  tylX  aa  Irish  hid.  takes 
into  the  service  of  colonel  Careleee,  a 
royalist,  whom  he  serves  with  exemplary 
fidelity.  He  is  alwinrs  Uunderiag,  and 
always  brewing  misehssf,  witti  the  meat 
innocent  intentions.  HU  bnHs  and 
blunders  are  amusing  and  dmiaeteristic 
<--Sir  Robert  Howard,  7^  Oommiiim 
(U70),  altered  1^  T.  Knight  mto  l%r 
mmmt  Tkievet, 


a  wconecrtow  af 
yarabla  Jahartnni  Itritk  Johnttmtm]  la  **Ti 
taraviueb  drape*  la  10*  Nankat.  ani  yoarfi 
aiquiiltelHHnaHrand  B>eIUBaom  Utv 
■*3bi.  C  Metaawi.  Tm  itoWe  fWS. 

*«*  The  anecdote  of  Mundcn,  aa 
'*  Obadiah, **  when  Johnstone,  as  "  Teagne,** 
poured  a  bottle  of  lamp  oil  down  bia 
throat  instead  of  dierrv-and-watcr,  is  one 
of  the  raciest  ever  told.  (See  OnAOiAH.) 

ToMPleia  Battle  (2%s),  a  battle 
fought  B.C.  867,  between  the  Laoe> 
dsMnonians  and  the*  combined  armiea  of 
tlie  Arcadians  and  Argives  (3  sy'.).  Not 
one  of  the  Spartans  fell,  so  that,  as 
Plutorcfa  says,  they  oalled  it  **  The  Tear- 
less Battle. 

V  Not  onewaskiUed  in  the  Abyssinian 
expedition  mider  sir  R.  Napier  (1867-8;. 


TEABS— AMBEU. 


AeeanliDc  (o  Pliny  (Naiwl  Hiitorg, 
xixvU.  i,  11),  anbci  i«  ■  caDcretioD  i^ 
binU'  tauii  bot  lb*  turdi  iren  the  sutcn 
•t  Uelelf^,  who  nerai  cauad  weepiiig 

Tearsheot  (J^Oi  >  common  coni- 
texan.  —  Sbaketpean,  S  Zfmry  jr. 
(1698). 

TAMla  {Sr  FtUr),  >  man  who,  In 
oU  ago,  manied  a  eoantry  girl  that 
pnnaT  cKUmTagaati  fond  of  pleuaic, 
adfld^  and  nin.  Sir  Peter  w**  for  ever 
vamping  at  hcT  for  her  inferior  birth  and 
nstie  wan,  bat  aacrsUy  loviHB  her  aad 
adniiing  bar  oolstf*.     He  nji  to  Raw- 

afiv«,aMd 
1  teU  h« 


eooDgh  to  be  her  gmndrsUier.  Planted 
in  London  in  the  whirl  oF  the  •euon, 
^a  farmed  a  liaiion  with  Joiejih  Surfnce, 
bat  being  uvcd  from  disgrace,  repented 


Teeth.    Bi^rd,  an  UibHian  of  tba 


croH  diacDTcnd  bv  St.  Hallna,  the 
nonbcr  of  (eetb  in  the  human  raoa  «*a 
redaocd.  Before  that  time  ChriitiaM 
wen  ftmitbed  with  thirty  and  in  lome 
eaaci  with  tfairt*-two  teeth,  bat  siaca  than 
DO  hnniau  being 
twenty-area  teel 
/VanoTjTViii. 

thirty-two  (till.  Thia  ■'tairtonc  last"  > 
of  a  niece  with  that  which  aaeribv  to 
woman  one  rib  more  tbwi  to  man  (Cm. 
li.  ai,  ?-'). 


mbat   Bf  teeth  i 


I  TELGMAOHeS. 

TMtotaL  The  origin  of  thia  v«id 
ia  ascribed  ts  Richard    (I^aiy)   lima, 

in  September,  \&^  ledupiiutHl  tjie  word 
toliil  to  give  it  eniphnsia :  "  Vie  not  only 
want  Mat  abstincDce,  we  want  more,  we 
want  t-total  atistineace."  The  noveltjr 
nod  force  of  the  ezpreaaion  took  tM 
meeting  bj  itorm. 

It  ia  not  correct  to  aacribe  the  word  to 
Hr.  Swindlebunt  of  Preiton,  who  ia 
enoneouaty  aaid  to  bare  atuttered. 

TCi^ut  Kiue,  Anaeieon,  bora  at 
TeVea,  m  Ionia,  and  caKed  by  Ovid 
( TYMia,  ti.  864)  Tela  M<ua  <a.o.  W»- 
47il). 


ipeaks  of  "Ceamunera  nenic,"  meaniof 
Simonidei ;  but  Boioa  or  Scio  properly 
meani  Chioi,  one  of  the  leven  plaeea 
which  laid  claim  to  Homer.  Hoth  Ceoa 
and  Chid!  are  ialca  of  Greece. 

Tei'la  (SL),  a  Welah  laiat,  who  tnek 
an  actiTC  part  againat  the  Pelagian 
hereay.  Wben  he  died,  three  cities  eon- 
tended  tar  hia  body,  but  happilv  the 
atrifa  waa  ended  by  the  mulliplicaliaa  af 
the  dead  body  iato  three  tit.  Taiiea. 
CapgraTo  ini 


Teirtu'a  Hup,  whidi  pUyed  of 
JtaeU,  merely  by  betng  asked  to  do  le. 
and  when  deiired  to  cease  t'InylDg  did 
The    MMnogion    ("Kilhwch    and 


Otwc 


■elflhce 


tury). 


St.   Dunitaa'a   harp  d 

enchanting  moalo  withont  being  atnck 
by  any  pUyer. 

Tbe  harp  of  the  giant,  in  the  tale  of 
Jack  and  tie  Btan-SUtlk,  played  at  itself. 
In  one  of  the  old  Weleb  lalei,  the  dwarf 
named  Dewryn  Fychan  atola  Iron  » 
giant  a  limilat  harp, 

tbe     only    aDa     a( 

iUpfi.    T'ben  Ul>'Mes 

nan  ueenaDsem  irom  home  nearly  twenty 

Seara,  Teleniachos  went  la  P.i  loa  and 
paita  to  Gain  iDtormation  about  him. 
Keator  received  him  honpiubly  at  PTloa, 
and  aent  him  to  Sparta,  where  UenelAoa 
told  him  the  prupheay  of  Proteua  (!  tyt.) 
eoncemiag  Ulyisca.  He  then  roUunad 
bonM,  where  ba  found  hia  falher,  aad 
asaiilad     him     in    slaying    the    (Oiton, 


TELEHAQUC 


MO 


TELL. 


TelenMdbo0  was  aMonpMiied  ia  bis 
TOjfti^  by  the  goddesf  of  wisdom,  mider 
tiie  foim  of  Mentor,  one  of  his  fatbor's 
fricndfl.  (866  Telkxaqvk.)  —  Qreek 
FMe. 

T^maqtlA  {Let  Avenhtte$  dip),  a 
French  pros6  epic,  in  twenty-fonr  books, 
by  F^nelon  (1^).  The  flrst  six  books 
contain  the  story  of  the  hero's  adventures 
told  to  Calypso,  as  jtnfBB  told  the  stonr 
of  the  burning  of  Troy  and  his  travels 
from  Troy  to  Carthage  to  qneen  Dido. 
T<^WBMM)n6  lays  to  the  goddess  that  he 
started  with  Meotor  horn  Ithkca  In 
ssaich  of  his  fMber,  who  had  been  absent 
from  home  for  nearly  twenty  years.  He 
first  went  to  inquire  of  old  Nestor  if  he 
eould  give  him  any  information  on  the 
SHbject,  and  Nestor  told  him  to  go  to 
Sparta,  and  have  an  interview  with 
Menelaos.  On  leaving  Lacedsmonia,  he 
got  shipwrecked  off  the  coast  of  Sicily, 
but  was  kindly  entreated  by  king 
Acest^,  who  furnished  him  with  a  riiip 
to  take  him  home  (bk.  i.).  This  ship 
fell  into  the  hands  of  some  Egyptians ; 
he  was  parted  from  Mentor,  and 
sent  to  feed  sheep  in  Egypt.  King 
Scsostris,  conceiving  a  high  opinion  of 
the  young  man,  would  have  sent  him 
heme,  but  disd,  and  T^Wmaqne  was  in- 
carcerated by  has  sacosssor  in  a  dungeon 
•wrlooking  the  sea  (bk.  ii.).  After  a  tioM, 
be  was  released,  and  sent  to  Tyrs.  Here 
•he  would  have  been  pnt  to  death  by 
Pygmalion,  had  he  not  been  rescued  by 
Astarbd,  the  king*8  misti«ss  (bk.  iii.). 
Again  be  embarked,  reached  Cyprus,  and 
sailed  thence  to  Crete.  In  this  passage  he 
saw  Amphitrit^  the  wife  of  the  sea-god,  in 
her  magnificent  chariot  drawn  by  sea- 
horses (bk«  iv.).  On  landing  in  Crete,  he 
was  told  the  tale  of  king  jdom^eus  (4 
fy/.),  who  made  a  vow  if  he  reached  home 
in  safety  after  the  siege  of  Troy,  that  he 
would  offer  in  sacrifice  the  tint  living 
being  that  came  to  meet  him.  ThS 
happened  to  be  his  own  son ;  but  when 
Idomeneus  proceeded  to  do  according  to 
his  vow,  the  Cretans  were  so  indignant 
that  they  drove  him  from  tiie  island. 
Being  wiuont  a  ruler,  the  islanders  asked 
T^^maque  to  be  their  king  (bk«  v.). 
lliis  he  declined,  but  Mentor  advised  the 
Cretans  to  place  the  reins  of  government 
in  the  hands  of  Aristoddmos.  On  leav- 
ing Crete,  the  vessel  was  again  wrecked, 
ai;^  T^^maque  with  Mentor  was  cast  on 
the  island  «f  Calypso  (bk.  vi.).  Here 
the  narrative  doses,  and  the  rest  of  the 
story   gives   the   several  adventures  of 


TA<<maq«6  froa  fliu  pofat  tiU  he 
Ithaca.  Calypso,  having  tsUen  In  1 
with  the  young  prince,  tried  to  detain 
him  in  her  islami,  and  even  bnmt  the 
ship  which  Mentor  had  bnllt  to  cnirj 
then  home ;  but  Mentor,  deterwned  to 
quit  the  island,  thvew  T^Wmaqne  from  a 
crag  into  the  sea,  and  then  leaped  in  after 
him.  Thty  had  now  to  swim  for  their 
Uves,  and  they  kept  themselves  afkmt  till 
they  were  pif^^  ^  by  some  T^rrians 
(bk.  viL).  The  captain  of  tiie  ship  was 
▼ery  friendlr  teT^l^naqne,  and  nraasised 
te  take  him'with  his  friend  te  Ithaca,  bnt 
the  pilot  by  mistaka  landed  thcns  en 
Salentura  (bk.  ix.).  Hen  T^^HHM|ns, 
being  told  that  his  father  was  dead,  deter- 
auned  to  go  down  to  the  infernal  regioaa 
to  see  hiss  (bk.  xviiL).  In  had^  he 
infonned  that  Ulysses  was  stall 
(bk.  xix.).  So  he  setamed  to  the 
eail^  (bk.  xxii.),  emharfced  aoain,  and 
this  time  reached  Ithaca,  where  lie  fonni 
hb  father,  and  Mentor  left  biak 

Tell  (GMgiielmo  or  WOiiam),  diief  of 
the  confederates  of  the  forest  cantons 
of  Switzerland,  and  son-in-law  of 
Walter  Furst.  Havinc^  refused  to  salute 
the  Austrian  cap  which  Gessler,  the 
Austrian  governor,  had  set  Up  in  the 
market-pliuie  of  AHorf,  he  was  con- 
demned to  shoot  an  apple  from  the  bead 
of  his  own  son.  He  succeeded  in  tiiis 
perilous  task,  but  letting  fall  a  concealed 
arrow,  was  asked  by  C^BSsler  with  what 
object  he  had  secreted  it.  '*TokUlthee, 
tyrant,**  he  replied,  «< if  I  had  failed.** 
The  governor  now  ordered  hia  to  be 
carried  in  chains  across  the  lake  Lucerne 
to  Kttssnacht  Castle,  <'there  to  be  de- 
voured alive  by  reptiles ;  **  but,  a  violent 
storm  having  arisen  on  the  lake,  he  waa 
unchained,  that  he  might  take  the  heinu 
Gessler  was  on  boanl,  and  when  tbt 
vessel  neared  the  'vastle.  Tell  leant 
asfaose,  ffaive  the  boat  a  push  into  the 
lake,  aaid  shot  the  governor.  After  this 
he  liberated  bis  country  fross  thn 
Aastcian  yoke  (1807). 

lliis  story  of  WUliam  TeU  is  told  ot  n 
host  of  persons.  For  example:  Egil, 
the  brother  of  Way  land  Smith,  was  com- 
manded by  king  Nidung  to  shoot  an 
apple  from  the  head  of  his  son.  Egil,  like 
Tell,  took  two  arrows,  and  being  asked 
why,  replied,  as  Tell  did  to  Gesaler, 
«*To  shoet  thee,  tyrant*  if  I  fail  in  my 
task.'* 

A  nmilar  stoiy  is  told  of  Olaf  and 
£indridi»  in  Norway.  Kinc  Olal  dared 
Blindridi  to  a  trial  of  skill.     An  api^ 


TELL. 


981 


TEMORA. 


WM  placed  mi  the  head  of  Eindridi't  son, 
■ad  tht  king  shooting  mt  it  ipaxed  the 
boy's  head,  bat  the  fiUher  carried  off  the 
apple  clean.  Eindridi  had  concealed  an 
arrow  to  aim  at  the  king,  if  the  boy  had 
been  i&j«ied. 

An<^er  Norse  tale  is  told  of  Hemingr 
and  Harald  son  of  Sijrvrd  (1066).  After 
rarious  trials  of  skill,  Uarald  told  Hemingr 
to  shoot  a  nut  from  the  head  of  Bjom, 
his  yoong  brother.  In  this  he  succeeded, 
not  with  an  arrow,  but  with  a  spear. 

A  similar  talc  is  related  of  Geyti,  son 
of  Aslak,  and  the  same  Harald.  The 
place  of  trial  was  the  Faroe  Isles.  In 
this  case  also  it  was  a  not  placed  on  the 
head  of  Kom. 

Saxo  UrammatTciM  tells  nearly  the 
same  story  of  Toki,  the  Danish  herow  and 
Hacald ;  but  in  this  trial  of  skill  Toki 
killed  Hatald. — Damorvm  Rogum  Heronm' 
fme  Hisioha  (1M4). 

Reginald  Scot  says  that  Poncher  shot 
a  peony  placed  on  his  son's  head,  bnt 
made  ready  another  arrow  to  slay  tiie 
duke  Remgrave  who  had  set  him  the 
task  (1584). 

*«*  It  is  said  of  Domitian,  the  Roman 
emperor,  that  if  a  boy  held  np  his  hands 
wini  the  fingers  spread,  he  conld  shoot 
eight  arrows  in  saccession  through  the 
spaces  withont  touching  one  of  the 
tegers. 

William  of  CHoudesleyj  to  show  tiie  khig 
his  skill  in  shooting,  bound  his  eldest 
•oo  to  a  slake,  put  an  apple  on  his  head, 
aiuL  at  the  distance  of  dOO  feet,  cleft  the 
apple  in  two  witbaut  touching  the  boy* 


IhftvoaMatiJ 

B«  b  to  MM  fUl  dear, 
I  wm  bTn  tye  lb  a  atek* . 
^  Injr  aa  apple  iiVM  hi*  I 

Ami  go  ilx  aooro  pace*  hna  fro^ 
And  I  njmUb  viUi  a  broad  aitoV 

WHir 


f  eati  of  skiU  an  told  of  Adam 
BeU  and  Qym  of  the  Qough. 

In  Altenf  market-plaoa,  the  spot  if 
still  pointed  out  where  Tell  shot  the 
i^ple  from  his  son*s  head,  and  a  plaster 
•katne  stands  where  the  patriot  stood 
when  he  took  his  aim. 


torn  In  Hampden^  boaoan  swdl, 
▲■d  falo  aad  SMedoaa  in  tha  ihnfl  of  ML 

iVJr««w.La79S>. 


%*  The  legend  of  William  TeU  has 
ftsrmshed  Floriaa  with  the  subjeel  of  a 
novel  in  French  (1788)  ;  A.  If.  Lemierre 
with  tus  tiagsdy  of  Gwiknme  TeU  (X7««); 
Schiller  wiui  a  tragedy  in  Ciennan,  WiU 
Mm  TeU  iimm;  Knowles  with  a  tragedy 
te   Ea^^  mUam  TeU    (1840);   and 


Roesini    with   the   opera   of  GMglielmo 
Tell,  in  Italian  (1829). 

Mairwiljr'i  perfonnanoe  In  r«R  {KnomMt  dfiwa]  la 
alw«jrt  fint  nie.  No  actor  over  aAwtad  me  more  than 
Macreai^dld  binma  Noneaof  Uiat  plajr  U788-187S^— 


Tellua's  Son,  Ant«os  son  of  Posei'- 
don  and  Ge,  a  giant  wrestler  of  Lib'ya, 
whose  stren^cth  was  irresistible  so  lone  as 
he  touched  his  mother  {earth),  Herciu^ 
knowing  this,  lifted  him  into  the  air,  ana 
crushed  him  to  death.  Near  the  town  of 
Tingis,  in  Mauritania,  is  ahiU  in  the  shape 

of  a  man  called  "  The  Hill  of  Antaos,*' and 
said  to  be  his  tomb. 

Soeoma  hare  feigned  Uiat  TtVmt  giaat  «m 
Drew  wmmf  neir-bom  Hm  from  his  dead 


And  tweo^  lost,  yet  sUU  reaMlned  anoCber. 
For  wban  he  Ml  and  UsKd  Uie  barren  beatb. 
His  paaant  snalght  Inspired  lecsiitYe  braaUi. 

And  dM'barMlf  was  dead,  MCnuiMNnedWaftiNB 

nineas  Pletdier,  fU  Furpt*  Irimnd,  tx.  (ISO). 

%*  Similarly,  Bernardo  del  Car|MO 
11^;^  (^lando  in  his  arms,  and  squeezed 
him  to  death,  because  his  body  was  proof 
against  any  instrument  of  war. 

IVmir.  ue.  Tamerlane.  The  word 
occurs  in  Paradise  Lost,  xi.  889  (1665). 

Temliha,  king  of  the  serpents,  in  the 
island  of  seipents.  King  Temliba  w^ 
'*a  small  yellow  serpen^  of  a  glowing 
colour,"  with  the  gift  of  human  spoeeh, 
like  the  serpent  which  tempted  Eve.^ — 
€k>mtedeCaylus,  Oriental  Ta^«(*' History 
of  Aboataleb,**  1748). 

Tem'on^  in  Ulster,  tiie  palaee  of 
the  (^edonian  kings  in  Ireland.  Xha 
southern  kingdom  was  that  of  the  Fir- 
bolg  or  Belgae  from  South  Britain,  whosa 
seit  of  government  was  at  Atha,  in 
Connaught. 

Tem'orOf  the  longest  of  the  Ossianie 
prose-poems,  in  eignt  books.  The  suIk 
jeot  is  the  dtethroneanent  of  the  kings  •£ 
Conaau^t,  and  consolidation  of  the  two 
Irish  kingdoms  in  that  of  Ulster.  It 
mast  be  borne  in  mind  that  there  wevs 
two  colonies  in  Ireland — one  the  Fir- 
bolg  or  British  Belg»,  settled  in  the 
south,  whose  king  was  called  the  *'  lord 
of  Atha,"*  from  Atha,  in  Oonnaaght,  the 
seat  of  government;  and  the  other  the 
CatA,  from  Caledonia,  in  Scotland,  whosa 
seat  of  government  was  Tem^Sia,  in 
Ulster.  When  Crothar  was  *Mord  of 
Atha,"  he  wished  to  unite  the  two 
kingdoms,  and  with  this  view  carried  off 
OoiUima,  onlv  child  of  the  rival  king, 
and  macried  her.  The  Oiledoniaos  of 
Scotland    interfwsd»    and    Qtm    th» 


■TDIPE. 


TEMPLE. 


biotiier  of  Fhigal  was  seat  with  mi  srair 
agaiiut  the  naurper,  eonquered  him, 
icdoced  tiie  south  to  a  tribaUry  stirte, 
mnd  restored  in  his  own  person  the 
kingdom  of  Ulster.  After  a  few  years, 
Cormac  II.  (a  minor)  became  king  of 
Ulster  and  OTer-lord  of  Connaa^t.  The 
Fir-bolg  seizing  this  opportanitv  of  re- 
volt, Cairbar  'Hord  of  Atha"  threw  off 
his  subjection,  and  murdered  the  Tpune 
king  in  his  palace  of  Temora.  Fingal 
interfered  in  behalf  of  the  Caels ;  but  no 
sooner  had  he  landed  in  Ireland,  than 
Catrbar  invited  Oscar  (Fingal*s  grandson) 
to  a  banquet,  picked  a  onarrel  with  him 
in  thiL  banquet  halL  and  both  fell  dead, 
each  by  the  other's  hand.  On  the  death 
of  Cairbar.  Foldath  became  leader  of  the 
Fir-bolg,  but  was  sUin  by  Fillao  son  of 
Ffaigid.  Fillan,  in  tnm,  was  slain  by 
Clattimor  brother  of  Cairbar.  Fingal 
now  took  the  lead  of  his  army  in  person, 
■lew  Clathmor,  reduced  the  Fir-bolg  to 
sobmission,  and  placed  on  the  throne 
Ferad-Artbo,  the  only  snr>ivhi^  des- 
oendant  ti  Conar  (first  of  the  kings  of 
Ulster  of  Caledonian  face). 

Tempe  (2  sy/.),  a  valley  hi  Greece, 
between  mount  Olympus  and  mount 
Ossa.  The  word  was  employed  by  ttie 
Greek  and  Roman  poets  as  a  synonvm 
for  any  valley  noted  for  its  cool  shades, 
singing  birds,  and  romantic  scenery. 

Iter  worid  liav«  thoatlil.  vbo  tmri  ttw  tlrda. 
Tlicr  MW  in  Temp«'«  val«  kcr  mtira  mtMa, 
Aaiidat  th»  toUl-wundiog  ihmin 

V»MMOB«MrM|»iiwtl«ld>nclna>  .       ^.^ 
CoDJiM.  OdtHtKt  Famlmu  (1741^ 

*|*empe8t  (The),  a  drama  by  Shake- 
apeare  (IbOQ).  Prospero  and  his  daughter 
Hiranda  lived  on  a  desert  island,  en- 
chanted by  Svc5rax  who  was  dead.  The 
only  other  inhabitants  were  Caliban, 
the  son  of  Sycorax,  a  strange  misshapen 
thing  like  a  gorilla,  and  Ariel  a  spnte, 
who  had  been  imjnrisoned  by  Sycorax 
for  twelve  vears  m  the  rift  of  a  pine 
tree,  from  which  Prospero  set  him  rree. 
One  day,  Prospero  saw  a  ship  off  the 
island,  and  raised  a  tempest  to  wreck  it. 
By  this  means,  his  brother  Anthonio,  prince 
Ferdinand,  and  the  king  of  Naples  were 
brought  to  the  island.  Now  ft  must  be 
known  that  Prospero  was  once  duke  of 
Mihm;  but  his  brother  Anthonio,  aided 
by  the  king  of  Naples,  had  usurped  the 
throne,  and  set  Prospero  and  Miranda 
sdrift  in  a  smaR  boat,  which  was  wind- 
driven  to  this  desert  island.  Fetdinand 
(son  of  die  king  of  Naples)  and  Hiranda 
fell  in  krve  ynth  «acb  other,  and  fte 
nal  «i   tlM  ahifwie<Aed   party  being 


bffoo^t  together  by  Ariel,  Anthonio  asked 
forgiveness  of  his  brother,  Proepeio  was 
restored  to  his  dukedom,  and  the  whole 
party  was  conducted  by  Ariel  with  pros- 
perous breexes  back  to  Italy. 

\*  Dryden  has  a  drama  eaDod  2%s 
Tmpni  (1668). 

Tempnt  {The)^  n  sobriquet  tA  mnrshal 
Junot,  one  of  NapoleonV  generala,  Doted 
for  his  martial  impeteoeity  (1771-18UI). 

Tempe$t  ( Tke  Him,  Mr.)^  late  governor 
of  Senegambia.  He  was  the  son  of  lord 
Hurricane;  impatient,  irascible,  head- 
strong, and  poor.  He  says  he  never  was 
in  smooth  water  since  he  was  bom,  for 
being  only  a  younger  son,  his  fath^gsve 
him  no  education,  taught  him  nothing 
and  then  buffeted  him  fbr  being  a  dnnc«. 

Ffcit  IWM  tenwJ  mo<h»«ny;ftct«  ly  twtoi 

eoMt«r  AMca,  ••  sofivn  the  mtmm  ^  twapHtli 
let  ILL 

J/»M  £k»dy  [r«»^pes<},  daughter  of  Mr. 
Tempest;  a  great  wit  of  T«ry  Uvoly 
parU.  Her  father  wanted  her  to  aiany 
sir  David  Daw,  a  great  lout  with  pJeaty 
of  money,  but  she  fixod  bar  hmxk  oo 
captain  Henry  WoodviUe,  the  sod  of  a 
roan  ruined  by  gambling.  Th«  pvsspoct 
was  not  cheering,  but  Fenmddock  came 
forwanl,  and  by  ntaking  them  rich,  made 
them  happy.— Cumberland,  Tim  Wktd 
<^iWmi«(H79). 


Tempeit  {Lady  BeHy),  a  lady  w.». 
beauty,  fortune,  and  family,  whose  hend 
was  turned  by  plays  and  romances.  She 
fancied  a  plain  man  no  better  than  a  fool, 
and  resolved  to  marry  onfy  a  gny* 
fashionable,  dashing  young  spark.  Hav- 
ing rejected  many  offers  because  tiie 
suitor  did  not  come  up  to  her  ideal,  she 
was  gradually  left  in  the  eokU  Now  aha 
is  company  only  for  aunts  and  eousiva, 
in  ball-rooms  Is  a  wallflower,  and  ia 
society  generally  is  esteemed  a  piece  of 
ftohiooaue  lumber.— Goldsmith,  A  OS^ 
Mm  of  the  World,  xxviiL  (1759). 

Templars  {KnighU\  an  order  of 
knighthood  founded  in  1118  for  tlitt 
defence  of  the  Temple  in  Jerusalem. 
Dissolved  in  1B12,  and  their  lands,  etc^ 
transferred  to  the  Hospitallers.  They 
wore  atoAtto  robe  with  a  r«d  cross;  but  the 
Hospitallers  a  Uaek  robe  with  a  wkiie 
cross. 

Temple  C'^)*  "When  Solomon  waa 
dying,  he  pnxtA  that  he  might  remaia 
stan^gtill  the  Tem]^e  was  completely 
fhiishe^    The  prayer  was  granted,  and 


TEMPLE. 


9H8 


TERENCE  OF  ENGLAND. 


lie  rHiiftified  Icftnhig  oh  his  steif  tm  the 
Temple  was  finished,  when  the  sUff  was 
tfnawed  throui^  by  a  worm,  and  the  dead 
body  fell  to  thegronnd. — Qiarles  White, 
The  Cashmen  mawl, 

TempU  (Lmmcelot),  the  nom  de  plume 
of  John  Armstrong,  the  poet  (1709-1779). 

Temple  Bar»  called  "  The  City 
Golgvtba,**  beeaiMe  the  heads  of  traitors, 
etc,  were  at  one  time  exposed  there  after 
dccapitatiott.  The  Bar  was  removed  m 
14)78. 

Templeton  CXotirenc»),  the  psen- 
donym  under  which  sir  W.  Scolt  pub- 
lished Ivanhoe,  The  preface  is  initialed 
L.  T.,  and  the  dedication  is  to  the  Hwm 
Dr.  Dryasdust  (1820). 

Ten  Animalu  in  Paradise  (7^e)» 
According  to  Mohammedan  belief  ten 
animals,  besides  man,  are  admitted  into 
b«BV«ii :  (1)  Kratim,  Ketmir,  or  Catnier, 
die  dog  of  the  seven  sleepers;  (2)  Ba- 
laam's ass  I  (8)  8olomon*s  ant;  (4) 
Jwiah*s  whale ;  {b)  the  calf  [fib]  offered 
to  Jehovah  by  Abraham  in  lien  of  Isaae  | 
(6)  the  ox  of  Moses;  (7)  the  camel  of 
the  prophet  Salech  or  Saleh;  (8)  the 
cuckoa  of  Belkis ;  (9)  Ismaers  ram ;  and 
(10)  Al  Borak,  the  animal  vrhich  con- 
vej^  Mahomet  to  heaven. 

There  is  diversity  in  some  lists  of  the 
ten  animals.  Some  substitute  for  Ba- 
laam's ass  the  ass  of  Aazis,  Balkis,  or 
BIju)ueda.  queen  of  Sheba,  who  went  to 
visit  Solomon.  And  some,  but  these 
cmn  hardly  be  Mohammedans,  think  the 
aas  on  which  dirist  rode  to  Jerusalem 
Should  not  be  forgotten.  But  none  seem 
inclined  to  increase  the  number. 

TKiOonuBandmento<A  Womm^M), 
tkt  two  hands  with  whioh  she  seratdies 
tkt  faees  of  thosa  who  offend  her. 


€kMM  I CMM  Mar  your  bHbtir  wMi  nqri 
n  Mi  me  Mb  tntammm^mttn^  iii  jnr  fi 

BhJrwiKuw.  1  ir<nr»  rj.  aot  1.  m.  S  (lOBll. 

TenantiUB,  the  father  of  Cymbeline 
and  nephew  of  Cassibelan.  He  was  the 
yoonger  son  of  Lad  king  of  the  southern 
pari  of  Britain.  Cn  the  death  of  Lnd, 
nis  younger  brother  Cassibelan  succeeded, 
and  on  the  death  of  Oissibelan  the  crown 
came  to  Tenantius,  who  refused  to  pay 
the  toibute  to  Rome  exacted  from  Cassi- 
belaa  on  his  defeat  by  Jalias  (}«sar. 

Tendo  Aohillis.  a  strong  sinew 
itandng  along  the  heel  to  tii^  calf  of  the 
leg.  tk>  caned  beeause  ft  Iras  the  onl^ 
vmnerable  part  of  Achilla.     The  tale  li 


timt  Thetis  held  him  by  the  heel  when 
she  dipped  him  in  the  Styx,  in  conse- 

auence  of  which  the  water  did  not  wet 
ie  child's   heeL    The   stoiy   is   peat- 
Homeric 

Tenfflio,  a  river  of  Lapland,  on  the 
banks  ot  which  roses  grow. 

I  WM  nnMrtaed  to  k6  lapon  Uw  bwilu  of  tkk  riw  ((*• 
TenffHo]  nam  m  lortty  •  red  a*  anjr  thmt  are  in  6or  own 
SuUaMi.  — Mom.  So  liaap«rtai%    K*jrv*  •»  OSwvia 

Teniers  {The  Engiish},  Qeeige  Moiw 
land  (1768-1804). 

Tenters  (The  8dcitt%^).  sfer  David 
Wilkie  (1785-1841). 

.  Teniers  of  Comedy  (The)^  Floienft 
Carton  Daooeurt  (1661-1726). 

Tennis-Ball  of  Fortune  (The\ 
Pcrtinax,  the  Roman  emperor.  Be  was 
first  a  charcoal-seller,  ttien  a  school- 
master, then  a  soldier,  then  an  emperor: 
but  within  three  mond^s  he  was  dethroned 
and  murdered  (126-198;  reigned  from 
January  1  to  March  28,  a.d.  193). 

Tent  (Prmoe  il^fNSff  i),  a  tent  givee 
to  him  by  the  fairy  Pari-Banon.  It 
would  cover  a  whole  army,  yet  wonkk 
fold  up  into  so  small  a  compass  that  it 
might  be  carried  in  one*s  pocket.-^ilra- 
Ikan  Nights, 

Solouion*s  carpet  «f  green  sHk  Was 
hnwe  enoogfa  to  afford  standing  room  for 
a  whole  army,  bat  might  becanried  abovt 
like  a  pocket-handkerchief. 

The  ship  ShdUadnv-  would  hold  all  the 
deities  of  Yattmlbh  bat  ma^^t  lie  folded 
Bp  like  a  roll  of  pardunent. 

Bayard,  the  horse  of  the  fonr  sons  ef 
Aymon,  grew  larger  or  smaller,  as  one  or 
more  of  the  fonr  sons  mounted  on  its 
back.— Yiileneove,  Le$  Quatre  FUm  Ay- 

Tents  {The  father  9f9mKeteif0tlllim)^ 
JabaL— &cm.  iv.  20. 

Terebin'thna»  Ephes-dammha  oi 
Pas-dammiai.^1  8am,  xvii.  1. 


O  llHMi  that 'sdMt  Oollatli's  I 
The  yuuthnil  arma  la  TcnUntttiia  sped. 
Wlwii  the  proud  foe,  who  moIM  at  IvaeTk  1 
WeS  hgr  Am  waapon  of  a  atriidiiig  haad. 

j0rumt«m  XMiaaradt  vtt.  (Ifi7% 


Terence    of    England     (I^)» 
Richard  Cumberland  (ITSS-lSll). 

Here  Ctaaibariand  nai»  harfaic  aetad  hb  parti  i 

The  TerMOe  of  Kngfauad.  the  mender  of  heart*  | 

A Sattarbc  f aiwlir.  who ladott  Ui tan 

To  daaw  juaa  aa  Um*  «Hht  (a  h«.  m«  aa  thajr  an  •  •  . 

Sajr .  .  .  whctefoio  bb  aaraetani  tbw  wHhooK  fMrit  • « • 

OitooMl  of  paMartng  aaeh  ftwiUeaoaaa  «iC 

■•  SMW  law  al  laal»  md  daaw  MM  froaa  WaMiL 


TBBS8A. 


TBRROB  OF  FRANG&. 


diiuuid  eouni  FaUiom.— SmoUctt,  ComU 

Faikom  (17M). 

Toresa  d'Aoonha,  ludy's-maid  of 
Joselinc  covmtesa  of  GlenmlUn. — ^Sir  W. 
Sootti  Tim  AtUtqwry  (tiiiM,  George  III.). 

Toresa  Fansa,  wife  of  Sancho 
Paasa.  In  pt.  I.  L  7  fhe  is  called  Dame 
Jiuuia  [Gatierez].  In  pt.  II.  iv.  7  the  ia 
called  Maria  [Gutierez].  In  pi.  I.  iv.  she 
ia  odlad  Jq>n.r-Cfyantet,  Dm  QmwU 
(1605-15). 

T^retlft  [  7V.nMf }f  luBfTff  Daalia,  and 
the  husband  of  Procn^  Wishia|f  after^ 
wards  to  nuury  Philomela,  her  sister,  he 
told  her  that  Praend  was  dead.  Helhred 
with  his  new  wife  for  a  time,  and  then 
cat  oat  her  toogua,  lest  she  should  expaae 
his  falsehood  to  rrocnd ;  but  it  was  of 
no  nse^  for  Philomela  made  known  her 
story  in  the  embroidery  of  a  peplus. 
Tereos,  finding  his  home  too  hot  for  his 
wickedness,  rushed  after  Procnl  with  an 
axe,  but  the  whole  party  was  metamor- 
phosed into  birds.  Tereus  ¥ras  changed 
Mto  a  hoopoe  (some  say  a  lapwiftg,  and 
•thers  an  owl),  Procnd'into  a  swmUoWi 
aad  PhiloneU  iato  a  nightingale^ 


Qmmmk  into  Unipa*t  foul  f w4lm  rfwt 


%^  Those  who  have  read  Tfbu  Andro- 
niCMS  (ttsaally  bound  up  with  Shake- 
•peaM's  f>lays)  will  call  to  mind  the  story 
of  Lavinia,  defiled  by  the  sons  of  Ta- 
nifra,  who  afterwards  plucked  out  her 
tongue  and  cut  off  her  hands ;  but  she 
told  her  tale  by  gnidhig  a  staff  with  her 
Mouth  and  atumps,  aaa  writing  it  in  tibie 


FMr  rMMiri^  *■  tat  l«t  1 

A^  la  m  MkMM  MMipliir  mm 

But.  iMreljr  nl«o0.  that  iMan  k  cut  fhjm  tkm  | 

A  craftier  Terrm,  cotnln.  bnat  thoa  tmt. 

And  b«  Nuh  cot  Ibow  prcUjr  Sn^en  off. 

Vwi  SmM  i«w  iMMer  MWd  f ' 


tkanPbttaaML 

Act  u.  K.  4  an^ 

Ter'il  (Sir  Walter),  The  king  exacts 
M  o«lh  firom  sir  Walter  to  send  his  bride 
Cselestina  to  court  on  her  wedding  night. 
Her  father,  to  save  her  honour,  gires  her 
a  fluxture  supposed  to  be  poison,  but  in 
reality  only  a  sleeping  draught,  fnom 
which  she  awakes  in  due  time,  to  the 
anuueBient  of  the  king  and  ddight  Y>f 
her  hushaad.— Thomas  Dekker,  Satiro- 
tHMtix  (1602). 

Tertnagant,  an  imaginary  being, 
supposed  by  the  crusaders  to  be  »  Mo- 
hammedan deity.  In  the  Otd  MoreUHieB. 
th«  dqi^ree  of  mat  waa  the  mmuw  or 


the  wSdmdBeai  ef  the 
tmyed;  so  Pontius  Pilate,  Jmlaa  I  scAiioi. 
Termagant,  the  tyiaat,  Sun,  and  so  on, 
were  all  ranting  parts.  Painten  ex- 
pressed degrees  of  wickedaem  by  dcigiees 
of  shade. 


Ttrmagant,  the  maid  of  Harriet  Qoid- 
nunc  She  uses  moat  wonderful  w< 
as  parwiropiieai  for  "  rhapsodical,* 
jmysd  for  ^^aasnnd,*'  pAysiolayy  for 
•*  philolofnr,**  curacj^  for  ''accusacy,**/^ 
mjicatum  tot  **  sigmfication,**  importatifm 
for  "import,**  anecdote  for  "antidote,** 
mfirmariet  for  "  infirmitiu,**  miimidaU 
for  "  Ultimate.**— Murphy,  The  UpkoUUrer 
(1758). 

Ito'nisroe,  a  robber  of  Peloponneaaa, 
who  killed  his  victims  by  cncking  tlieir 
skulls  against  his  own. 

T«nao«i'ria»  a  priest  of  ApoOo,  ta 
Egypt;  wise,  prudent,  cheerful,  and 
ooarteoM.~F^neloo,  TMmaq^  U.(1700>. 

Tomotte,  one  of  the  domesties  •< 
^Oj  Evelhie  Berenger"the  betrothed." 
—Sir  W.  Scott,  n»  BetrUked  (time, 
Henry  11.). 

Terpin  (Snr),  a  king  who  fdl  faito 
the  power  of  Radigund  queen  of  the 
Amiaons.  Refusing  to  drem  in  female 
attire,  as  she  commanded,  and  to  sew, 
card  wool,  spin,  and  do  house  work,  he 
was  doomed  to  be  cibbeted  hr  her 
women.  Sir  Art^gaf  undertook  hia 
cause,  and  a  fight  ensued,  which  lasted 
all  day.    When  daylight  dosed,  ttadi- 

Smd  proposed  to  defer  the  contest  till 
e  following  day,  to  which  sir  Artcgal 
acceded.  Next  day,  the  knight  was 
victorious ;  bat  when  he  saw  de  biave 
queen  bleeding  to  death,  he  took  psty  am 
her,  and,  throwing  hia  awoid  asiidei,  nm 
to  succour  her.  Up  started  Kadigund  aa 
he  approached,  attacked  him  like  a  fcrj, 
and,  as  he  had  no  sword,  he  was,  <if 
course,  obliged  to  yield.  So  the  oeateet 
was  deddea  against  him,  and  sir  T^rpm 
was  hang  by  women,  as  Radigund  had 
commanded.— Speaser,  Fabry  iftean.  t.  h 
(1696). 

Terpsichore  [Terp^skf.ikrtl,  the 
Muse  of  dancing. — Oreek  Fable, 

Terrible  {The),  Ivaa  IT.  er  IL  eC 

Russia  (1529,  1688-1584). 

Terror  of  Vranoe  (7^)>  Johm 
Talbot  first  cad  of  Shiewdrary  (187»- 
14,53), 


J 


TERROR  OF  TH£  WORLD.         9tf 


TEZOZOMOC. 


h  tkb  tk*  Mbot. »  nneh  fBued  abiwd. 
that  vilb  hit  MOM  Um  motben  sUn  thdr  babwf 
abakmtmn,  1  Wenrw  K/.  act  M.  m:.  S  UWI. 

Terror  of  the  World  ( The),  AtHU 
king  of  the  Hnns  (*-463). 

Terry  Alts,  it  Uwless  body  of  rebels, 
who  sprang  ap  in  CUre  (Ireland)  after 
the  union,  and  eommitted  great  outrages. 

The  "  Thrashers  **  of  Connaught,  the 
** Carders,**  the  followers  of  "captain 
Right**  in  the  eighteenth  century,  those 
of  "eapuin  Rock*'  who  appeared  in 
1922,  and  the  **  Fenians**  in  1866,  were 
similar  disturbers  of  the  peace.  The 
watchword  of  the  turbulent  Irish,  some 
ten  years  later,  was  *♦  Home  Rule.** 

Tesoretto,  an  Italian  poem  by  Bm- 
netto  preceptor  of  DantS  (1285).  The 
poet  says  he  was  returning  from  an 
cmbMsy  to  the  king  of  Spam,  and  met 
m  scholar  on  a  bay  mule,  who  told  him 
of  tht  overthrow  of  the  Guelfl.  Struck 
with  grief,  he  lost  his  road,  and  wandered 
into  a  wood,  where  Dame  Nature  accosted 
him,  and  disclosed  to  him  the  secrets  of 
her  works.  On  he  wandered  till  he  came 
to  a  vast  plain,  inhabited  by  Virtue  and 
laer  four  daughters,  together  with 
Courtesy,  Bounty,  Loyalty,  and  Prowess. 
Luring  this,  he  came  to  a  fertile  vallejr, 
wiiich  was  for  ever  shifting  its  appear- 
ance, from  round  to  square,  from  light 
to  darkness.  This  was  the  valley  of  queen 
Pleasure,  who  ¥ras  attended  by  Love, 
Hope,  Fear,  and  Desire.  Ovid  comes  to 
Tcsoretto  at  length,  and  tells  him  how  to 
effect  his  escape. 

Tee'sira^  one  of  the  leaders  of  the 
Moorish  host— Ariosto,  Orlando  I\urioso 
(1516). 

TestB  of  Chastity.  AUsnam's 
mirror  (p.  15) ;  the  brawn  or  boar's  head 
(p.  180) ;  drinking-horns  (see  Arthur's 
DBmiKO-HoRir,  p.  55 :  Sir  Cradock 

AMD    TRB    DRINKtlfO-HoRir,    p.    160): 

Florlm^'s  girdle  (p.  841);  grotto  of 
Ephesos  (p.  409) ;  the  test  mantle  (p. 
G06) ;  oath  on  St.  Antony's  arm  was 
held  in  supreme  reverence  because  it  was 
beheved  that  whoever  took  the  oath 
falsely  would  be  consumed  by  **St. 
Antony's  fire  *'  within  the  current  year ; 
the  trial  of  the  sieve  (p.  910). 

Teste  of  Fidelity.  CanacS*s  mir- 
ror (p.  156) ;  Gondibert's  emerald  ring 
(p.  894).  The  corsned  or  **  cursed  mouth- 
fuly**  A  piece  of  bread  consecrated  by 
exMcism,  and  given  to  the  *' suspect^ 
to  fwallow  as  a  test.    **  May  this  morsel 


dioke  ae  if  I  am  gnilty,**  said  the  de- 
fendant, **  but  turn  to  wholesome  nourish- 
ment if  I  am  innocent.**  Ordeals  (p. 
707),  combats  between  plaintiff  and  de- 
fendant, or  their  representatives. 

TSte  Bott^,  Philippe  de  Commincs 
rCt<m.min],  pohtician  and  historian 
(1446-1609). 

You.  rir  PhUlpfw  &m  Ootatefli  [«le]  wvra  at  m  bnntlni;- 
Mteh  with  tiM  d«lu.  joor  miuter;  and  whra  he 
alisltted.  aTter  Um  ehaM.  he  required  jronr  nrvlces  In 
drawing  off  hb  boota  Beading  la  your  looks  Mmte 
nataxal  rwenluieot.  ...  lie  oidered  jou  la  ilt  down  In 
turn,  and  rendeted  70U  ttte  same  offlce  ...  but ...  no 
••o^.  •»*  •»•  phieked  one  of  your  boots  off  tbaa  he 

^."5f  J^xi!^  "  "^^^  '«»  ^"^  ...  and  his  pririkved 
'^:  l£.GIorteux>  •  •  •  W^n  you  tiie  name  of  rMe  Bottie. 
-Sir  W.  Saott.  »mirtw  Durwmrd,  xu.  f/Omm,  tdwmrd 
It.). 

TethjB,  daughter  of  Heaven  and 
Earth,  the  wife  of  Ocean  and  mother  of 
the  river-gods.  In  poetry  it  means  the 
sea  generally. 

The  golden  snn  above  the  wateiy  bed 
or  hoaqr  TMhys  raised  bb  beamr  head. 

Hools's  JHssK  HH. 

Brthe  earMiaklas  Neptone's  aaoe  itrtdmtl 
Aai  Tttbjif  grsve  miOcstlc  pace. 

MUUm.  OMMH.  871  (UN). 

Tetrachor'don,  the  title  of  one  of 
Milton's  books  about  marriage  and  di- 
vorce. The  word  means  "the  four 
strinss ; "  by^  which  he  means  the  four 
chief  places  in  Scripture  which  beta  on 
the  subject  of  marriage. 

▲  book  was  writ  ef  late  called  Tnradior^^H, 

Miltoa.  aommtt,  x. 

Teuoer,  son  of  TelSmon  of  Salftmis, 
and  brother  of  Telninon  Ajax.  He  was 
the  best  archer  of  all  the  Greeks  at  the 
siege  of  Troy. 

I  mar.  Uka  A  ssoood  Tsnosr,  disehans  «/  iliafts  fhm 
behbid  the  Shield  of  aj  allr.-8lr  W.  Slmtt!: 


TeuMadroeokh  (fferr),  pronounce 
ToLfelxMrurk  ;  an  eccentric  German  pro- 
fessor and  philosopher.  The  object  of 
this  satire  is  to  expose  all  sorts  of  shams, 
social  as  well  as  intellectuaL — Ckrlyle, 
Sarior  £0$arlui  (1849). 

Teutonic  Knights  (The),  an  order 
organized  by  Fredenck  duke  of  Suabia, 
in  Palestine  (1 190).  St.  Louis  gave  them 
permission  to  quarter  on  their  arms  the 
Jieur  de  tie  (1250}.  The  order  was 
abolished,  in  1809,  by  Napoleon  I. 

Tezartis,  a  Scythian  soldier,  killed 
by  the  countess  Brenhilda. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
OowU  Hobert  of  Farie  (time,  Rufus). 

Tesos'omoo.  chief  of  the  priests  of 
the  Az'tecas.  He  fasted  ten  months  to 
know  how  to  appease  the  natioiial  gods, 
and  then  declared  that  the  only  way  was 
to  offer  "  the  White  stmngeis**  on  their 


THADDEU8  OF  WARSAW.         986      THALABA  THE  DESTROYER. 


altars.  Tezozomoc  waa  killed  by  bnrning 

lava  from  a  volcanic  motmtain. 

TsKMBomoe 
Behold  th«i«l8ment  ...  and  «M 
The  lam  iondi  heiicaUk  him.    Hb  hour 
Is  rome.    The  fl«r)r  sliower.  dctcendliis.  hmpt 
B«a  aahM  rauiid.    Tlwjr  bd\  like  drifted  ttutwa, 
Aud  bury  and  ooMume  Um  aocnraed  priest. 

BomUmt,  ifodoe.  0.  36  (180B). 

ThaddeuB  of  Warsaw,  the  hero 
and  title  of  a  Bovei  by  Jane  Porter 
(1803). 

Thaddu,  the  ftither  of  Moma,  who 
became  the  wife  of  Comhal  and  the 
mother  of  Fingal. — Oesian. 

Tha'is  (2  8t/l.)f  an  Athenian  conriecan, 
who  induced  Alexander,  in  his  cnps,  to 
set  fire  to  the  palace  of  the  Penian  kings 
at  PersepOlis. 

The  king  wlaMl  « Ibimbma  wKh  wead  todMtro/; 

Thais  led  the  wiur  to  ll«ht  him  in  hb  pnj, 
Aud,  Ilk*  aaother  Heleo,  Bred  another  Trojr- 

Drrdan,  Atexandmf^t  Fwtt  (IflOTV 

ThalB'Sk,  daughter  of  Simon'id^  king 
of  Pentap'olis.  She  married  Per'icles 
prince  of  Tyre.  In  her  voyage  to  Tyre. 
Thatsa  gave  birth  to  a  daughter,  and 
dying,  as  it  was  supposed,  in  childbirth, 
was  cast  into  the  sea.  The  chest  in 
which  she  was  placed  drifted  to  Ephesus, 
and  fell  into  tne  hands  of  Cer'imon,  a 
pliysician,  who  soon  discovered  that  she 
was  not  dead.  Under  proper  care,  she 
entirely  recovered,  and  became  a  priestess 
in  the  temple  of  Diana.  Pericles,  with 
his  daughter  and  her  betrothed  husband, 
visiting  Uie  shrine  of  Diana,  became 
known  to  each  other,  and  the  whole 
myst«ry  was  cleared  up. — Shakespeare, 
Pericles  Prince  of  Tyre  (1608). 

Thal'aba  ebn  Hateb,  a  poor  man, 
who  came  to  Mahomet,  reqnesting  him 
to  beg  God  to  bestow  on  him  wealth, 
and  promising  to  employ  it  in  works  of 
godliness.  The  "prophet**  made  the 
petition,  and  llialaba  rapidly  grew  rich. 
One  day,  Mahomet  sent  to  the  rich  man 
for  alms,  but  Thalaba  told  the  messen- 
gers their  demand  savonred  more  of 
tribute  than  of  charity,  and  refused  to 
give  anything ;  but  afterwards  rei)enting, 
be  took  to  the  ** prophet"  a  good  round 
sum.  Mahomet  now  refused  to  accept 
it,  and,  throwing  dust  on  the  ungrateful 
churl,  exclaimed,  **  Thus  shall  thy  wealth 
be  scattered  I  *'  and  the  man  became  poor 
a^ain  as  fast  as  he  had  grown  rich. — Al 
AordHj  iz.  (Sale's  notes). 

Thal'aba  the  Destroyer^-that  is, 
the  destroyer  of  the  evil  spirits  of  Dom> 
Daniel.   Ue  was  the  only  surviving  child 


of  Hodei'fah  (8  «;//.)  and  his  wife  Zei'imb 
(2  syl.) ;  their  other  eight  children  had 
been  cut  off  by  the  Doro-Danielista,  be- 
cause it  had  been  decreed  by  fate  that 
**  one  of  the  race  would  be  their  d»tmc- 
tion.**  When  a  mere  stripling,  ThalSiba 
was  left  motherless  and  nitherieas  (bk. 
i.) ;  he  then  found  a  home  in  the  tent  of 
•  Bedooin  named  Mo'ath,  who  had  a 
daughter  Onei'za  (8  stfL).  Here  he  was 
found  by  Abdaldar,  an  evil  spirit  sent 
from  Dom-Daniel  to  kill  him ;  but  the 
spirit  was  killed  by  a  simoom  just  as  be 
was  about  to  stab  the  boy,  and  Thalaba 
was  saved  (bk.  ii.).  He  now  drew  from 
the  finger  of  Abdaldar  the  magic  ring, 
which  gave  him  power  over  all  spirits ; 
and,  thus  armed,  he  set  out  **  to  avenge 
the  death  of  his  father'*  (bk.  iii.).  On 
his  way  to  Babylon,  he  was  encountered 
by  a  merchant,  who  was  in  reality  the 
soicerer  Lobalia  in  disguise.  This  sor- 
cerer led  Thalaba  astray  into  the  wilder- 
ness, and  tiien  raised  up  a  whirlwind  ta 
destroy  him  ;  but  the  whirlwind  was  the 
death  of  Lobaba  himself,  and  again 
Thalaba  escaped  (bk.  iv.).  He  reached 
Babylon  at  length,  and  met  there  MohA- 
reb,  another  evil  spirit,  disguised  aa  a 
warrior,  who  conducted  him  to  the 
*'  mouth  of  hell.**  Thalaba  detected  the 
villainy,  and  hurled  the  false  one  into 
the  abyss  (bk.  v.).  The  young  "De- 
stroyer** was  next  conveyed  to  '*tha 
paradise  of  pleasue,**  bat  he  resisted 
every  temptation,  and  took  to  flight  just 
in  time  to  save  Oneiza,  who  had  been 
brought  there  by  violence  (bk.  vi.).  Ue 
then  killed  Aloa'din,  the  presiding  spirit 
of  the  garden,  with  a  ctub,  was  made 
vizier,  and  married  Oneiza,  but  ^e  died 
on  the  bridal  night  (bk.  vtL).  Distiaded 
at  this  calamity,  he  wandered  towards 
K&f,  and  entered  the  house  of  aa  old 
woman,  who  was  spinning  thread.  Tha- 
laba expressed  surprise  at  its  extreme 
fineness,  but  Maimu'na  (the  old  woman) 
told  him,  fine  as  it  was,  he  could  not  break 
it.  Thalaba  felt  incredulous,  and  wound 
it  round  his  wrists,  wb«>,  lo !  he  became 
utterly  powerless ;  and  Maimnna,  calling 
up  her  sister  KJiwala,  conveyed  hina 
helpless  to  the  island  of  Moha'reb  (bk. 
viii.).  Here  he  remained  for  a  time,  and 
was  at  length  liberated  by  Maimuna, 
who  repented  of  her  sins,  and  turned  to 
Allah  (bk.  ix.).  Being  liberated  from 
the  island  of  Mohftreb,  our  hero  waa- 
dered,  cold  and  hongry,  into  a  dwelling, 
where  he  saw  Laila^  the  daughter  of 
Okba  the  sorcerer.    Okba   rashed  for- 


THAL£STRIS. 


987 


THANKFULNESS. 


ward  with  intest  to  kill  him,  but  Laiki 
interpoaed,  and  fell  dead  by  the  hand  of 
her  own  fitther  (bk.  x.)«  Her  spirit,  in 
the  form  of  a  green  bird,  now  became 
the  gnardian  anirel  of  *^  The  Destroyer," 
and  eondocted  him  to  the  simors,  who 
direeted  him  the  road  to  Dom-Daniel 
(bk.  xi.),  which  he  reached  in  time,  slew 
the  anrriring  sorcerers,  and  was  received 
into  heaven  (bk.  xii.)« — ^Soothey,  Thaiaba 
tke  Dewtroyer  (1797). 

Thales'tris,  queen  of  the  Am'azona. 
Any  bold,  heroic  woman. 

As  itoat  AnnTda  If.til  bold  TlwlMtriiL 

And  iIm  IBUMmi,  ff.«.J  tlMt  wovH  kaw  bMB  ft* 


Thali'a»  the  Muse  of  pastoral  son|p. 
She  is  often  represented  with  a  crook  in 
her  hand. 

Tun  to  the  gBttUw  laaiwliwliidi  mH 

»'■  harp,  or  Paa's  Arcadten  taia.     

CUaplMll.  Pimtmrm  9f  B9p*,  H.  (17M|. 


Thaliard,  a  lord  of  Antioch. — 
Shakespeare,  Peridcs  Frmo$  of  Tyre 
(1008). 

Thames.  "H*  will  nevtr  §€t  the 
Thames  on  firtJ*  A  **  temse "  or  sieve 
might  be  set  on  fire  If  worked  very  swiftly 
over  the  wooden  receiver,  but  not  by  an 
idle  or  incompetent  workaian.  Hence  the 
proverb,  which  has,  through  similarity 
•f  somd,  been  taken  to  apply  to  the  river. 

Tham'mua,  God  of  the  Syrians, 
and  fifth  in  order  of  the  hierarchy  of 
heU:  (1)  Satan,  (2)  Beelzebub,  (8) 
Moloch,  (4)  ChemosJ  (6)  Thammnz  (the 
same  as  Ado'nis).  Thammoa  waa  slain 
by  a  wild  boar  in  moont  Leb'anon,  from 
whence  the  river  Adonis  descends,  the 
water  of  which,  at  a  certain  season  of  the 
year,  becomea  reddened.  Addison  saw 
it,  and  ascribes  the  redness  to  a  minium 
washed  nito  the  river  by  the  violence  of 
tha 


Wbon  anaoiU  wound  tn  Lebunon  altani 
HmSxtImi  dannoli  to  lamant  hb  fete 
!■  wn\xmm  dlule>  aH  »— ihm'>  itej ; 
Wkilo  MnooUi  Adoali  fron  hi*  iwUve  roA 
Ban  purph  totbc>>n.  wppoMcd  with  bliwd 
Of  lonnunoB  7*"^  wounded. 

l^amu'dites  (8  jy/.),  people  of  the 
of  Thamfid.  They  refused  to 
believe  in  Mahomet  without  seeing  a 
miracle.  On  a  grand  festival,  Jonda, 
prince  of  the  Thamfidites.  told  S&leh. 
the  prophet,  that  the  god  wnich  answered 
by  miracle  should  be  acknowledged  God 
by  both.  Jonda  and  the  Thamfidites 
first  called  upon  their  idols,  but  received 


no  answer.  **Now,**  said  the  prince  to 
SAleh,  **  if  your  God  will  bring  It  camel 
big  with  young  from  that  rock,  we  will 
believe.'*  Scarcely  had  he  spoken,  when 
the  rock  groaned  and  shook  and  opened  ; 
and  forthwith  there  came  out  a  camel, 
which  there  and  then  cast  its  young  oue. 
Jonda  became  at  once  a  convert,  but  the 
Thamfldites  held  back.  To  add  to  the 
miracle,  the  camel  went  up  and  dovm 
among  the  people  crjring,  ♦*  Ho  I  everv 
one  that  thirsteth,  let  him  come,  and  I  wiU 
give  him  milk !  **  (Compare  Isaiah  Iv.  1.) 

Unto  the  tribe  of  TkMiSd  we  not  thdr  brathw  BiMi. 
Hei  aid.  **0  mv  people,  wociblp  God ;  ve  heiro  no  fod 
barida  him.  Now  hnth  n  ninuU«it  proof  eome  nnto  yon 
from  the  tofd.  This  ahe-cMuel  of  God  k  n  sign  nnto  you; 
tbarfiore  di«mi«her  freely  .  .  .  end  do  her  no  hart,  le«t 


\^  Without  doubt,  the  reader  will  at 
once  call  to  mind  the  contest  between 
Elijah  and  the  priests  of  Baal,  so  gra- 
phically described  in  1  ifm^i  xviiL 

Tham'yris  (Blind),  a  Thracian  poet, 
who  challenged  the  Muses  to  a  contMt  of 
song,  and  was  deprived  of  sight,  voice, 
and  musical  skill  for  his  presumption 
(Pliny,  Natural  History,  iii.  dB,  and  vii. 
57).  Plutarch  says  he  had  the  finest  voice 
of  any  one,  and  that  he  wrote  a  poem  on 
the  War  of  the  Titans  with  the  Oods. 
Suidas  tells  as  that  he  composed  a  poem 
on  creation.  And  Plato,  in  his  Bepublio 
(last  book),  feigns  that  the  spirit  of  the 
bhnd  old  bard  passed  into  a  nightingale 
at  death.    Milton  speaks  of : 

Bttnd  llunqrrii  aal  bHnd  Msonld^t  [sroM«rL 

FmrmMm  Xm(.  OL  Si  (IM 

Thanomar,  chatelain  of  Bourbourg, 
the  great  enemy  of  Bertulphe  the  provost 
of  Bruges.  Charles  **the  Good,**  earl  of 
Flanders,  made  a  law  in  1127  that  a  serf 
was  always  a  serf  till  manumitted,  and 
whoever  married  a  serf  became  a  serf. 
By  these  absurd  laws,  the  provost  of 
Bruges  became  a  serf,  because  his  father 
was  Thancniar's  serf.  By  the  same  laws, 
Boudiard,  though  a  knight  of  long 
descent,  became  Thancmar's  serf,  because 
he  married  Constance  the  provost's 
daughter.  The  result  of  these  laws  was 
that  Bertulphe  slew  the  earl  and  then  him- 
self, Constance  went  mad  and  died,  Bou- 
chard and  Thancmar  slew  each  other  in 
fight,  and  all  Bruges  was  thrown  into 
confusion. — S.  Knowlee,  The  Provost  of 
Bruges  (1886). 

Thankfulness.  "  To  be  over-thank- 
fttl  for  one  favour  is.  in  eifect.  to  lay 
out  for  another.**— Cumberland,  West 
Indkm,  iv.  1  (1771). 


THAUMAST. 


988  THEAGENBS  AMD  GHARICLEIA« 


Thaumast,  an  Eofflisk  pandit,  who 
went  to*P*ri8,  attracted  by  the  rumoor 
of  the  great  wisdom  of  Pantag'ruel.  He 
arranged  adispntation  with  that  prince, 
to  be  carried  on  solely  by  pmtoniinie, 
without  the  atterance  of  a  single  word. 
Panur^  undertook  the  disputation  for 
the  prince,  and  Pantagruel  was  appointed 
arbiter.  Many  a  knotty  point  in  magic, 
alchem^)  the  cabala,  geonuuicy,  astrology, 
and  philosophy  was  argued  out  by  signs 
alone,  and  the  Englishman  freely  con- 
fessea  himself  fully  satisfied,  for  **  Pi 


urge  had  told  him  even  more  than  he 
had  asked." — Rabelais,  Pantagrtid^  ii« 
19,  20  (1583). 

Thaumaturgm*  FUum^  is  caUed 
La  Thaumaturge  du  Dixneucieme  Sieole, 
In  1802  a  grave  was  discovered  with  this 
inscription:  Lumbxa  PaxtbCvmpi,  which 
has  no  meaning,  but  being  re-arranged 
makes  Pax  Tk-cum,  Fi-lumbna.  So 
Filumena  was  at  once  aeeepted  as  a 
proper  name  and  canonized.  And 
because  as  many  miracles  were  performed 
at  her  tomb  as  at  that  of  the  ftMnows  abbtf 
de  Paris  mentioned  in  Paley's  Evidence$y 
she  was  called  **  The  Nineteenth-Century 
Miracle-Worker."  But  who  Filnmem 
was,  or  if  indeed  she  ever  existed,  is  one 
of  those  impenetrable  secrets  which  no 
one  will  ever  know.  (Set  St.  Fiuumbx  a, 
p.  859.) 

ThatiTnatar^yua.  Gregory  bishop 
of  Neo-OfBsarea,  m  Gappadoda,  was  so 
called  on  account  of  his  numerous 
miracles  (213-270). 

Alexander  of  Hohbklohb  was  • 
worker  of  miracles. 

Apollonius  or  Tta'na  "raised  the 
dead,  healed  the  sick,  cast  out  devils, 
freed  a  young  man  from  a  lamia  or 
vampire  of  wnich  he  was  enamoured, 
uttered  prophecies,  saw  at  Ephesus  the 
assassination  of  Domitian  at  Kome.  and 
filled  the  world  with  the  fame  or  his 
sanctity*"  (a.d.  8-98).  —  Philostrfttos, 
Life  of  Apolhmus  of  Tyana^  in  eight 
books. 

Francis  d* Assist  (^.),  founder  of  the 
Franciscan  order  (1182-1226). 

J^  J.  GA88NKR  of  Bratz,  lu  the  Tyrol, 
exorcised  tiie  sick  and  cured  their  diseases 
"miraculously"  (1727-1779). 

Isidore  {^,)  of  Alexandria  (870-440). 
— Damascius,  Life  of  St,  Isidore  (sixth 
century). 

Jambliohub,  when  he  prayed,  was 
raised  ten  cubits  from  the  ground,  and 
his  body  and  dress  assumed  the  appear^ 


aaoe  of  gold.  At  Gadlna  be  drew  ftnm 
two  fountains  the  guardian  spirits,  and 
showed  them  to  his  disciples.— ^napina, 
Jatnblichu9  (fourth  century). 

Mahombt  "the  prophet.''  (1)  When 
.  he  ascended  to  heavea  on  Al  Borak,  the 
stooe  on  which  he  stepped  to  mousi  roae 
in  the  air  as  the  proimet  rose,  but  Maho- 
met forbade  it  to  follow  any  further,  and 
it  remained  suspended  in  mid-air.  (2) 
He  took  a  scroll  of  the  Aore»  oat  ef  a 
bull's  horn.  (3)  He  brought  the  moon 
from  heaven,  made  it  pass  throng  one 
sleeve  and  out  of  the  other,  then  lulowed 
it  to  letum  to  its  place  in  heaven. 

Pascal  (Blaue)  was  a  aiiBele- 
worker  (1628-1662). 

Ploti'nus,  the  Neo-platonic  philo- 
sopher (205-270).— Porphyrins,  Vita  Pto- 
fim'  (A.D.  801). 

Proclus,  a  Neo-platonie  _philo0Dpher 
(410-485).— MarinuB,  VHa  FrocH  (ftftfa 
centuy). 

Sospitra  possessed  the  omniseieDce  of 
seeing  all  that  was  done  in  every  part  of 
the  whole  worid. — Eunapius,  (SUsaras 
(fourth  century). 

Vespasian,  Uie  Itoman  euiljemr,  cured 
a  blind  man  and  a  cripple  by  hia  touch 
during  his  stay  at  Alexandria. 

TiNCENT  DB  Paul,  founder  ef  the 
"Sisters  of  Oiarity  "  (1578-1890). 

Thaumaturffus  FhsraioQav  a 
treatise  on  natural  magic,  by  Gaapar 
Schott  (1657-9). 

ThaumaturgQS  of  the  Westt  ^ 

Bernard  of  CUirvaux  (1091-1158). 

Theag'eiiea     and     Charieloi'a 

{The  Xoeei  rf)y  alove  story,  in  Cheek,  \rw 
Heliodorus  bishop  of  Trikka  (flsiirth 
century).  A  chaarming  fiction,  lar^y^ 
borrowed  from  by  subsequent  Boveltsts, 
and  especially  vf  Mdlle.  de  Scwl^ri, 
TaseO)  Ouarini,  and  fyUrfil  The  tale 
is  this:  Some  Egyptian  brigands  net 
one  morning  en  a  mil  near  the  month  of 
the  Nile,  Mid  saw  a  vessel  laden  with 
stores  lying  at  anchor.  They  also  ob- 
served that  the  banks  of  the  Nile  were 
strewn  with  dead  bedies  and  the  frag- 
ments of  food.  On  further  examination, 
^ey  beheld  Charicleia  sitting  on  a  rock 
'tending  Theagteds,  who  lay  beside  her 
severriy  wounded.  Some  pimtes  had 
done  it,  and  to  tiiem  the  vessel  belonged. 
We  are  then  carried  to  the  house  o€ 
Nanslcl^,  and  there  Cahwfiis  tells  tte 
early  history  of  Charicleia,  her  love  for 
Theagendf,  and  their  captaie  by  th% 
piratea. 


TH1LAMA. 


THSLBlfK. 


•f  Warwick. 


He  ha  I 

8h«  b  Um  wdl  orbbonlir  and  bnirsnlDi, 

KuaOlfignMMt  la  glory  and  great  lighl^ 

T1)0  onuimmt  b  m«  of  vomankliid, 

Aad  eoart'a  chief  gariand  with  aU  virtoas  digbt 

(Mi»  OlMir«  Omm  ITauM  4#«to  OW). 


Thebaid  (The)^  a  Latin  epic  poem 
in  twelve  books,  by  Statius  (about  a 
ccntarj  after  Virffil).  Lalos,  king  of 
Thebes,  was  told  by  an  oracle  that  he 
would  have  a  son,  but  that  his  son  would 
be  his  miuderer.  To  prevent  this,  when 
the  SOB  was  bom  he  was  hung  on  a  tree 
hj  his  feet,  to  be  devoured  by  wild 
beasts,  l^he  ehild,  however,  was  res- 
cued by  some  of  the  royal  servants,  who 
brought  him  vn,  and  called  his  name 
CEdlpos  or  Club-foot,  because  his  feet 
and  ankka  were  swollen  by  the  thongs. 
One  di^,  going  to  Thebes,  the  ehanot 
of  Laiofl  nearly  drove  over  the  young 
CEdipoa;  a  qoanel  ensued,  and  Lalos  was 
killed.  CEdipos,  not  knowing  whom  he 
had  slain,  went  oo  to  Thebe^  and  eie 
long  marned  the  widowed  queen  Jocasta, 
not  knonring  that  she  was  his  mother, 
and  by  her  he  had  two  sons  and  two 
daughters.  The  names  of  the  sons  were 
Et'eoeles  and  Polynlc^  These  sons,  in 
iimCj  dethroned  their  fatber,  and  agreed 
to  reign  alternate  years.  Et£dclds  reigned 
first,  but  at  the  close  of  the  year  refused 
to  resign  the  crown  to  his  brother,  and 
Polynic^  made  war  upon  him*  This 
war,  which  occurred  some  forty-two 
years  before  the  siege  of  Troy,  and 
about  the  time  that  Deb&rsh  was  flghting 
vrilii  Sh^^(Jmii/e$  iv.),  U  the  subject 

The  first  boek  recapltidattes  «lie  history 
given  above,  and  then  goes  on  to  say 
tiMit  Polvniete  west  straight  te  Argos, 
and  laid  his  grieranee  before  king  Adraa- 
ioa  Ibk.  i.).  Whileat  Arges,  he  married  one 
of  Uie  king's  daughters,  and  Tydem  the 
othec»  The  festivities  beins  over,  Tydeus 
was  seoi  to  Thebes  to  claim  the  throne 
for  his  fatother-in-law,  and  being  in- 
•olently  dismissed,  denounced  war  against 
Eteocles.  The  villainoos  usurper  sent 
fifty  ruffians  to  fall  on  the  ambassador  on 
his  way  to  Anos,  but  they  were  all  slain, 
except  one,  who  was  left  to  carry  back 
the  news  (bk.  ti.).  When  IS'dens  reached 
Aigot,  he  wanted  his  father-in-law  to 
march  at  once  against  Thebes,  but 
Adrastos,  less  impetuous,  made  answer 
that  a  great  war  required  time  for  its 
•rganiaation.  However,  Kapfaiens  (8mf/.), 
aiding  with  Tydeus  [IrMuce]^  roused  the 


neb  (bk.  iii.),  and  Adrastos  at  onoe  set 
about  preparations  for  war.  He  placed 
his  •nny  under  six  chieftains,  viz..  Poly- 
nic^,  Tydeus,  Amphiarftos,  Kapaneus, 
Parthenopieos,  and  HippomSdon,  he 
himself  acting  as  commander-in-chief 
(bk.  iv.).  Bks.  v.,  vi.  describe  the 
march  from  Ar^  to  Thebes.  On  the 
arrival  of  the  allied  army  before  Thebes, 
Jocasta  tried  to  reconcile  her  two  sons, 
but  not  succeeding  in  this,  hostilities 
commenced,  and  one  of  the  chiefs,  named 
Amnhiaraos,  was  swallowed  up  by  an 
earthquake  (bk.  vii.).  Next  day,  Tydeus 
greatly  distinguished  himself,  but  fell 
(bk.  viii.).  Hippomedon  and  Partbeno- 
paoos  were  botn  slain  tiie  day  follow- 
ing (bk.  ix.).  Then  came  Uie  turn  of 
Kapaness,  bold  as  a  tiger,  strong  as  a 
giAot,  and  a  regular  dare-devil  in  war. 
He  actually  scaled  the  wall,  he  thought 
himself  SUM  of  victoiy,  be  defied  even 
Jove  to  stop  him,  and  ¥ras  instantly 
killed  by  a  flash  of  lightning  (bk.  x.). 
Polynic^  was  now  the  only  one  of  the 
six  remaining,  and  he  sent  to  Eteodes  to 
meet  him  in  single  combat.  The  two 
brothers  met,  they  fought  like  lions, 
they  gave  no  quarter,  they  took  no  rest. 
At  length,  EteoclSs  fell,  and  PoIynicSs, 
running  up  to  strip  him  of  his  arms,  was 
thrust  through  the  bowels,  and  fell  dead 
on  the  dead  body  of  his  brother.  Adras- 
tos now  decamped,  and  returned  to  Argos 
(bk.  xi.).  Creon,  having  usurped  the 
Theban  crown,  forbade  any  one  on  pain 
of  death  to  bury  the  dead ;  but  when 
Theseus  king  of  Athens  heard  of  this 
profanity,  he  marehed  at  once  to  Tbeb^ 
Creon  died,  and  the  crown  was  given  to 
Theseus  (bk.  xiL). 

Theban  Bafd  (Tkel,  Thrbax 
Eaolk,  or  Thbium  Ltuc,  Pindar,  bom 
at  Thebes  (b.c.  622-442). 

Ye  itet  ia  fcniM  vMoa  CM  advlM 
XlMMnwdof  BratwandthaThehwilrw- 

OnnpbaO,  nmmmrm  tf  Mn»>  i  aTtS). 

Theda  iSt.)^  said  to  be  of  noble 
family,  in  Ico'mnm,  and  to  have  been 
converted  by  the  apostle  Paul.  She  is 
styled  in  Greek  martyrokgies  the  jMroto- 
martyreita^  but  the  book  called  Tk«  Ads 
of  Fond  amd  Tkedm  is  eonaidered  te  be 
apocryphal. 

Vlth  Iba  wrMaii  of  St.  Tbwte  hanelt 

LongMlow.  n«  QoUen  Ltg*md  (ISBI). 

Thekla,  daughter  of  Walleastein.— 
SchiUer,  WaUctittem  (1799). 

Th^dme  {Abbey  of)^  the  abbey  given 
by  Grangottsier  to  friar  Jdm  for  the  aid 


THKLEHB. 


•io 


TnODOIK. 


be  randeftd  In  tfc«  bftttle  Against  Plem- 
chole  kiDg  of  Lermf.  The  abbey  was  stored 
with  ever}'tliitig  that  could  contribute  to 
sensual  indulgence  and  enjoyment.  It 
was  the  very  reverse  of  a  convent  or 
monastery.  No  religious  hypocrites,  no 
pettifogging  attorneys,  no  usurers  were 
admitted  within  it,  but  it  was  filled  with 
gallant  ladies  and  gentlemen,  faithful 
expounders  of  the  Smptnres,  and  every 
one  who  could  contribute  to  its  elegant 
recreatioiis  and  general  festivity.  The 
motto  over  the  door  was:  **Faokz  qub 
VouLDRAS.** — Rabelais,  Oargoiihui,  i. 
62-7  (1538). 

l^aime,  the  Will  personified.— Tol- 
taire,  T/mme  ami  Macare. 

Thalu,  the  female  or  woroaa. 


*m  tmi  ttmk  wvair  fkmM 
Um  to«M  Ikmdi  but  MAMt  Um  Tbalii  i 


HMD  SIM*  UM  ttMM  IMatfi  MK  MAMt  UM  TiMM  ■ir  { 

Bat  all  Io  vlaterjWcl  mg*]  torn  to  ■now.  and  aoon  at«af . 


ThanotL  an  old  shepherd  bent  with 
age,  who  teUs  Cuddv,  the  herdsman's  boy, 
the  fable  of  the  oak  and  the  briar.  An 
aged  oak,  once  a  most  royal  tree,  was 
wasted  by  age  of  its  foliage,  and  stood 
with  bare  head  and  sear  oranches.  A 
pert  bramble  ^rew  hard  by,  and  snubbed 
the  oak,  calling  it  a  cumberer  of  the 
ground.  It  even  comnlained  to  the  lord 
of  the  field,  and  prHyod  him  to  cut  it  down. 
The  request  was  obeyed,  and  the  oak  was 
felled ;  but  now  the  bramble  suffered 
from  tiie  storm  and  cold,  for  it  had  no 
shelter  and  the   snow  bent   it   to  the 

froun<^  where  it  was  draggled  and  de- 
led. The  application  is  very  personal. 
Cuddy  is  the  pert,  flippant  bramble,  and 
Thenot  the  hoary  oak ;  but  Cuddy  told 
the  old  man  his  Ule  was  long  and  trashy, 
and  bade  him  hie  home,  for  the  sun  was 
set. — Spenseri  Skaphettrde$  Caiemiar^  ii. 
(1679). 

rrhenot  k  introdoced  also  ia  eel.  iv., 
and  again  in  eel.  xi.,  where  he  begs 
Colin  to  sing  something,  but  Colin  de- 
clines because  his  mind  is  sorrowing  for 
the  death  of  the  shepherdess  Dido.) 

The'noif  a  shepherd  who  loved  Conn 
chiefly  for  her  "  fidelity  *'  to  her  deceased 
lover.  When  «'  the  faithful  shepherdess  ** 
knew  this,  in  order  to  cure  bun  of  hU 
passion,  she  pretended  to  return  his  love. 
Thenot  was  so  shocked  to  see  his  charm 
broken  that  he  lost  even  his  respect  for 
Corin,  and  forsook  her. — John  Fletcher, 
The  Faithful  ShepKerden  (1610). 

Theooritus  of  Syracuse,  in  Sicily 
(fl.  B.C.  280),  celebrated  for  his  idylls  in 


to  below. 


IfcUtotlie 


Hie  pttrinf  M4i  1 
TboocriluBOi  Vir 
Loogldlov,  Th9  Wmgttd*  /« 

Theocrihf  m«  8ootch)y  Allan  Um- 
say,  author  of  2%«  <?eiU/0  iSfttfiMmf  (1686- 
1768). 

neoerHma  (  The  Sicaian) ,  (^ovaimi  Meli 
of  Palermo,  immortalized  by  his  cclc^gves 
and  idylls  (1740-1816). 

Theod'ofbed,  heir  to  the  Spaniali 
throne,  but  incapacitated  from  reigning 
because  he  had  been  blinded  bv  Witi'za. 
Theodof  red  was  the  son  of  Chindasninthe, 
and  father  of  king  Roderick.  As  Witlsa, 
the  usurper,  had  blinded  Theodofred,  so 
Roderick  dethroned  and  blinded  ^^tiza. 
— Southey,  Jtoderick,  etc.  (1814). 

\^  In  mediieval  times,  bo  one  with 
any  personal  defect  was  allowed  to  reign, 
and  one  of  the  most  ordinarf  means  of 
disqaalifyiog  a  prince  for  meceediag  to  a 
throne  was  to  put  out  his  e^.  Ofeoars^ 
the  reader  will  call  to  mind  tbe  case  of 
our  own  prince  Arthur,  the  nephew  of 
king  John ;  and  scores  of  ether  instances 
in  Italian,  French,  Spanish,  German, 
Russian,  and  Scandinavian  history. 

Theod'omaa,  a  famous  trumpeter  at 
the  siege  of  Thebes. 


At  avcfr  eoMt  tbar  CM 
Tbat  aerar  tromt^d  Ja«b  for  to  hemK 
Mo  bo  ThMdoBMu  yk  hair  w  dMTo 
at^hobAi,  «hcn  tlMciU  twi  la  iloala 

CmCtfrtenr  TulttL.  SSSL  ala. 


Theodo'rm»  sister  of  Constantiac  the 
Greek  enperor.  She  entertained  aKist 
bitter  hatred  against  RogSro  for  slayiag 
ber  son,  and  vowed  vengeance.  Rogens 
boia^  entrapped  in  sleep,  was  confinM  bv 
ber  la  a  dungeon^  and  fed  on  tbe  bread 
aad  water  of  aflliction,  bat  was  aliimatelv 
veleased  by  prince  Leon. — ^AnostOt  OHama$ 
/Wnoso  (1616)^ 

The'odore  (8  «^.),  iod  ef  geoeral 
Archas  ^*the  lo}<ml  subfect**  of  the  gieal- 
duke  of  Mnscovia.  A  colonel,  vak>rous 
but  impatient. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher^ 
The  Loyal  Subject  (1618). 

The^odore  (3  $yU)  of  Ravenna,  braver 
rich,  honoured,  and  chivalrous.  Ue  loved 
Hondria  "to  madness,**  but  ** found  small 
favour  in  the  lady's  eyes.**  At  length, 
however,  the  lady  relented  and  married 
him.  (See  HoNOKiA.)~Dr3'den,  TAeo- 
dors  aeui  Monoria  (from  Boc^umuo). 

Theochrej  son  of  the  lord  ef  Clarinsal, 
and  grandson  of  Alphonso.    His  father 


THIODORIGK. 


Ml 


THEBOBr. 


tluMi^bt  hia  dead,  weoovmetd  tbewoild, 
And  became  *  monk  of  St.  Nicholas,  as- 
8«niing  the  name  of  Aostin.  By  chance, 
Theodore  was  sent  home  io  a  Spanish 
bark,  and  found  his  way  into  some  secret 
passage  of  the  count's  castle,  where  he 
was  seized  and  taken  before  the  count. 
Here  he  met  the  monk  Austin,  and  was 
nade  known  to  him.  He  informed  his 
fiUher  of  his  love  for  Adelaide,  the  count's 
daughter,  and  was  then  told  that  if  he 
married  ner  he  must  renounce  hu  estates 
and  title.  The  case  stood  Uins:  If  he 
daimed  his  estates,  he  must  challenge 
the  count  to  mortal  combat,  and  renounce 
tiie  daughter;  but  if  he  married  Ade- 
laide, he  must  forego  his  rights,  for  he 
could  not  marry  the  daughter  and  sla^ 
his  father-in-law.  The  per^lexit^  is 
solved  by  the  death  of  Aaelaide,  killed 
bv  her  father  by  mistake,  and  the  death 
of  the  count  by  his  own  hand. — ^Robert 
Jejdison,  Count  of  Narbonne  (1782). 

Theod'oriok»  king  of  the  Oottis, 
failed  l^  the  iierouBi  mininsingifs  Did^ 
of  Ben  (VefOoa). 


Theodoriok  or  *<  Alberick  of  Mortemar,** 
§m  exiled  nobleman,  hermit  of  Eogaddi, 
and  an  enthusiasL— Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Tali$man  (time,  Kichard  I.). 

Theodo'rUB  (ifcuter),  a  leaned  phy- 
sician employed  by  Ponocrates  to  cure 
Gargantua  of  his  vicious  habits.  The 
doctor  accordingly  "  purged  him  canonic- 
aUy  with  Anticyrian  hdlebore,  cleansed 
from  his  brain  all  perverse  habits,  and 
made  him  forget  everything  he  had 
learned  of  his  other  preceptors.** — Rabe- 
lais, Gargantwif  L  28. 

Brilaboc*  WM  aiad*  um  of  to  puts*  lbs  bnlii.  In  ortar 
to  It  Ift  Hm  iMttOT  for  Mriow  atiidf.— PUny.  Jr«f«r«l 
IS;  AakmOttUm,  AUit  JMfkf,  MwU.  U. 


Theodo'siits,  the  hermit  of  Gappa- 
docia.  He  wrote  the  four  gospels  in 
IciteiB  of  gold  (42S-629). 

IkMdodiM.  «bo  or«M. 
WMli  Mm  pwyrii  te  IMtn  •fsoU. 

LoBgfdlow.  n*  OUdtm  l$gmt4  (Unju 

Theophilus  (Si,),  of  Adana,  la 
Cilida  (sixth  century).  He  was  driven 
by  slander  to  sell  his  soul  to  the  devil  on 
condition  that  his  character  was  cleared. 
The  slander  was  removed,  and  no  ton^e 
wagged  against  the  thin-skinned  saint. 
Theophiltts  now  repented  of  his  bargain, 
and,  after  a  itMt  of  forty  days  and  forty 
nights,  was  visited  by  the  Virgin,  who 
bi^e  hiB  confess  to  the  bishop.  This  he 
did,  leeeived  absolution,  and  died  within 
thne  days  of  brain  fever. — Jacques  de 


Vonigine,  The  Gddm  Legemb  (tiuiteenth 

century). 

This  IS  a  very  stale  trick,  told  of  many 
a  saint.  Sou&ey  has  poetized  one  of 
them  in  his  ballad  of  St,  BasU  or  Tlic 
Sinner  Saved  (1829).  El«ihnon  sold  his 
soul  to  the  devil  on  condition  of  his  pro- 
curing him  Cyra  for  wife.  The  devil 
performed  his  part  of  the  bargain,  but 
£leemon  called  off.  and  St.  Basil  gave 
him  absolution.    (See  Siitnbb  Savkd.) 

Theophraa'tus  of  Franoe  (7^), 
Jean  de  la  Bmybie,  author  of  Oaraotires 
(1646-1606). 

TheresAi  the  miller*s  wife,  who 
adopted  and  brought  up  Amfna,  the 
orphan,  called  "  the  somnambulist.** — ^Bel- 
lini, La  Sommamlmia  (libretto  by  Scribe, 
1831). 

Tkerita,  daughter  of  the  count  pala- 
tine of  Padolta,  beloved  by  Mazeppa. 
Her  father,  indignant  that  a  mere  pase 
should  presnme  to  his  dauKhter*s  hand, 
had  Maxeppa  bound  to  a  wild  horse,  and 
set  adrift.  Bat  the  future  histor}'  of 
llieresa  is  not  related. — Bjrron,  Mazeppa 
(1819). 

nti^antmVtiftktOonmtr\  Hcuba  (In  TU  tOamXl 
VaOtk  (In  Th«  Otmonrl  FranccK*  (In  Tk«  Bte^t  «/ 
Omrintk^  uhI  TImkm.  H  ha*  bf«n  all«f»d.  are  but 
cUMren  of  (NM  fkiully.  wKk  dlffarenoM  retoltiof  vnly 
trom  dhnf  and  dmiimf  no.— Flad«i.Slrri»  Bmtattt. 

Theresa  {Sitter),  with  Flora  M«Ivor 
at  Carlisle.— Sir  W.  Seott,  WaeeHey 
(time,  George  II.). 

Theringe  {Mde,  de),  the  mother  of 
Louise  de  Lascours,  and  grandmother  of 
Diana  de  Lascours  and  Martha  aOas 
Orgari'ta  *'the  orphan  of  the  Frozen 
Sea.**— E.  Stiriing,  The  Orphan  of  the 
Ih>xen  Sea  (1856). 

TkArmopylflft.  When  Xerxes  in- 
▼aded  Greece,  Leontdas  was  sent  with 
800  Spartans,  as  a  forlorn  hope,  to  defend 
the  pass  leading  from  Thessahr  into 
Locris,  by  ¥rhi<»  it  was  thon^pit  the 
Persian  host  would  penetrate  into  south- 
em  Greece.  The  Persians,  however, 
having  discovered  a  nath  over  the  moun- 
tains, fell  on  Leonidas  in  the  rear,  and 
the  *'  brave  defenders  of  the  hot-gates  ** 
were  cut  to  pieces. 

Theron*  the  favourite  dog  of  Rode- 
rick the  last  Gothic  king  of  Spain. 
When  the  discrowned  king,  dressed  as  a 
monk,  assumed  the  name  of  **  father 
Maccabee,**  although  his  tutor,  mother, 
and  even  Florinda  failed  to  recognize 
him,  Theron  knew  him  at  once,  fawned 


THXB8ITBS. 


THIEVB8  SCKEKVSD. 


«o  Ub  wiftk  foodcfi  loyc,  and  woald 
never  agMO  ksve  him  till  the  futhfal 
creatoi*  died.  When  Roderick  saw  his 
favoorite, 


While  ton 
knova 


crttUt 


mc^sf.iUUi. 


Thendtes  (8  jjff.),  a  scarriloae 
Grecian  chief,  **  loqnacioas,  loud,  and 
coarse.**  His  chief  delight  was  to  in- 
Teijj^  against  the  kin^  of  Greece.  He 
M^ainted,  halted,  was  gibbous  behind  and 
pinched  before,  and  on  his  tapering  head 
grew  a  few  white  patches  of  starveling 
down  (Iliad,  ii.). 

Bk  bnw.  M  TbcfiilSi.  vffh  altovi  Abroad. 

T.  TkMMT.  Ftm  STttiMlrMl  Pohm  tfOmA 


The'seus  (2  sy/.)«  tlie  Attic  hero. 
He  induced  the  several  towns  of  Attica 
to  give  up  their  separate  ^veminents 
ana  submit  to  a  common  jurisdiction, 
whereby  the  several  petty  chiefdoms 
were  consolidated  into  one  state,  fd 
which  Athens  was  the  capital. 

%*  Similarly,  the  se^-eral  kingdoms  of 
the  Saxon  heptarchy  were  consolidated 
into  one  kingdom  by  Egbert ;  but  in  this 
latter  case,  the  might  of  arms,  and  not 
the  power  of  conviction,  was  the  instru- 
ment employed. 

ThtmtM  (Duke)  of  Athens.  On  his 
letHm  home  after  marrying  Hypolita, 
a  crowd  of  female  suppliants  complained 
to  him  of  Creon  king  of  Theb^.  The 
duke  therefore  set  out  for  Thebes,  slew 
Creon,  and  took  the  city  by  assault. 
Among  the  captives  taken  in  this  siege 
were  two  knights,  named  Palftmon  and 
Arcite,  who  saw  the  duke*s  sister  from 
tlieir  dungeon  window,  and  fell  in  love 
with  her.  When  set  at  liberty,  they  told 
their  loves  to  the  duke,  and  Theseus  (8 
«//.)  promised  to  give  the  huly  to  the 
best  man  in  a  single  combat.  Arcite 
overthrew  PaUmon,  but  as  he  was  about 
to  cUim  the  lady  his  horse  threw  him, 
and  he  died;  so  Palamon  lost  the  con* 
test,  but  won  the  bride.— Chauoer,  Ckis. 
terbury  Takt  ("The  Knight's  Tale,** 
1388}. 

*^*  In  classic  story,  Theseus  is  called 
"king:**  but  Chaucer  styles  him 
** dukcj^**  that  is,  </kp,  "leader  or  emperor** 
(imperator), 

Thea'pian  Maids  {The),  the  nine 
Muses.  So  called  from  Thes'pia,  in 
Bceotia,  near  mount  Helicon,  often  called 
Theapia  £upc8. 


Theanpi'o,  a  Mase.    TW  Mwm 

called     Thespi'ades,    from    Thcspia, 
Boeo'tia,  at  the  foot  of  momifc  Helicon. 


T«BaM.ali.tilaei 
Baaao  inaiiiu. 
Pkbieat  PMefaar,  T%»  PmpU  Utamt,  vl.  (UHI. 

Theaioa,  tbe  fstfaer  of  tke  Gic^ 
dw^ma. 


Thaipii^  tkc  flnt 
At 


ballad*  fraaa 


Thas'tyUs,  a  female  slave;  aaj 
rustic  maiden. — ^Theocritos,  IdylU, 

WithTlwaifctoMadtbaAiWM. 

Miltai.  r^a^rv  QtMH 

Thet'ia,  mother  at  AcfaillSs.  She 
was  a  sea-nymph,  daughter  of  Nereiia 
the  sea-god. — Qrmktm  Story, 

Thanerdaak,  a  aobriqiiet  «f  kaiser 
Bfaximiliaa  I.  of  Germaoy  (1460, 14d^ 

1519). 


Tfaiatelt,  a  ProfveBeal,  eaa  of 
Aithnr's  escorts  to  Aix.--¥ir  W.  Scott^ 
Anne  of  QeienUm  (time,  Edwaid  IV.). 

Thierea  {Ths  Tmo).  Tbe  pcmtent 
thief  emcified  with  Jesus  has  been  called 
bjf  sundry  names,  as  Demas,  Diamaa, 
Titus,  Hatha,  and  Vidmus. 

The  impenitent  thief  has  been  called 
Grestas,  Dumachas,  Joca,  and  Justfnns. 

In  the  Apocryphal  QcMtd  ofNioodemm 
the  former  is  called  IXysmas  and  tiie 
latter  Gestas.  In  the  Story  of  Joseph  of 
Arimathea  the  former  is  called  Dcmag 
and  the  latter  Gestas.  Longfellow,  ia 
his  Golden  Lenend^  calls  them  Titus  and 
Duroachus.  He  says  that  they  attacked 
Joseph  in  his  flight  into  Egypt.  Titos 
said,  "Let  the  good  people  go;*  bu( 
Dnmaohus  refused  to  do  so  till  he  ''paid 
a  ransom  for  himself  and  family.**  Upon 
this,  Titus  gave  his  fellow  fortv  groiUs ; 
and  the  inrant  Jesus  said,  "tn  thirt; 
vears  I  shall  die,  and  yon  two  with  Mel 
We  shall  be  cniciAed  together;  but  in 
that  day,  Titus,  this  deed  shall  be  le* 
membeied.** 

Thieve$  (IFts  ancestors  proced).     It  S« 

sir  Walter  Scott  who  wrote  and  proved 

his  "  ancestors  were  thieves,"  in  the  Zotf 

of  the  Last  Minstrel,  iv.  9. 

A  modern  author  tpandj  a  hmdred 
Vp  pra?a  Ui  aaoniMB  notoftaa) 


TbievM  Boroened.  It  is  said  of 
Edward  the  Confessor  that  one  day,  whila 
lying  on  his  bed  for  his  aftenoon*8  napi 
a  courtier  stole  into  his  chamber,  and. 


THIEVES  OF  HISTORIC  NOTE.     MB     THIEVES  Off  HlflfTORIG  NOTE. 


seeing  the  king's  casket,  helped  hioiself 
freely  from  it.  He  letoraed  *  leoond  time, 
nod  on  his  third  entrnnce,  Edward  said, 
"  Be  qnick,  or  Hugoline  (the  chamber- 
lain) will  see  yon.**  The  eonrtier  was 
■caraelT  gone,  when  the  chamberlain 
entcfcd  aikl  instantly  detected  the  theft. 
The  king  said,  **  Never  mind,  Hugoline ; 
the  fellow  who  has  taken  it  no  doubt  has 
greater  need  of  it  than  either  yon  or  I." 
(Keigned  1042-1066.) 

Several  similar  aaeedotes  are  told  of 
Robert  the  Pioas,  of  France.  At  one 
time  he  saw  a  man  steal  a  silver  candle- 
stick off  the  altar,  and  said,  **  Friend 
Ogger,  ran  for  your  life,  or  yon  will  be 
found  oat.**  At  another  time,  one  of 
the  tirelre  poor  men  in  his  train  cut  off  a 
rich  gold  pendant  from  the  royal  robe, 
and  Robert,  turning  to  the  man,  said  to 
him,  '*  Hide  it  quickly,  friend,  before  any 
one  sees  it.**    <Reigned  996-1081.) 

The  following  is  told  of  two  or  tfatse 
kings,  amongst  others  of  Ludwig  the 
Pio«%  who  had  a  very  overbeaang  wife. 
A  bemr  nnder  the  table,  pioking  «p  the 
cmmbs  which  the  king  let  down,  ctA  eiff 
the  gold  fringe  of  the  royal  robe,  and  the 
king  whispered  to  him,  **  Take  care  the 
qoeen  doesn't  see  yon.** 

TbiewM  of  Historic  Note. 

AoTOL'TOoa,  son  of  Hennas;  a  verr 
prince  of  thieves.  He  had  the  power  of 
ebai^pag  Uie  eolonr  and  shape  of  stolen 
go^tk,  so  as  to  prevent  their  being  noog- 
mmd.'-Ormk  FMc. 

Bablow  (Jimmy) f  immoctaliaed  bv 
the  bnllad-aeng : 

I  VM  bocB  ia  the  town  oTCwkMr; 
Ami  bm  I  He  In  llai7bonOi>>. 
ASSv  th«  MbMiVcr  tiM  OabHB  mJI. 

Cabtocchk,  the  Dick  Tnrpin  of 
France  (eighteenth  century). 

ComicGTOif  {John)y  in  the  time  of  the 
CommonwealUi,  who  emptied  the  pockets 
of  Oliver  Cromwell  when  lord  protector, 
stripped  Charles  II.  of  £1500,  and  stole 
%  watch  and  diain  from  lady  Fairfax. 

Duval  (CYatwfe),  a  French  highway- 
man, noted  for  his  gallantry  and  daring 
(•-1670).  (See  below,  "James  Whit- 
ney,** who  was  a  very  similar  character.) 

%*  Alexander  Dumas  has  a  novel 
entitled  Claude  Duvat,  and  -Miss  Robin- 
son has  introduced  him  in  White  Friars, 

Frith  {Mary),  usually  called  **Moll 
Cutpnrse.**  She  had  the  honour  of  rob- 
bing general  Fairfax  on  Hounslow  Heath. 
Vary  Frith  lived  in  the  reign  of  Charles 
1.,  and  died  at  the  age  of  To  years. 


\*  Nathaniel  Tield  has  introduced 
Mary  Frith,  and  made  sMny  with  some 
of  her  pranks,  in  his  eomedy  Amenda/or 
Ladies  (1618). 

Galloping  Dick,  exeooted  in  Ayles- 
bury in  1800. 

Gramt  (Cauiam),  the  Irish  highway- 
man, exeentea  at  Maryborough  in  1816. 

GRBBifwooD  {SamMei)f  executed  at 
Old  BaUey  in  183S. 

HAsaAH,  the  **  Old  Man  of  the  Moun- 
tain,** onoe  the  temw  of  Earope.  He 
was  chief  of  the  Assassins  (1056-1124). 

Hood  (Bobim)  and  his  "merry  men 
all,**  of  Sherwood  Forest  Famed  in 
son^  drama,  and  romance.  Probabhr 
he  lived  in  tbs  reign  of  Richard  Cmur  de 


\*  Sir  W.  Seott  has  introdneed  him 
both  in  I%e  Tmlitma»  and  in  Ivamhoe, 
Stow  has  recorded  the  chief  incidents  of 
his  life  (see  under  the  year  1218).  Ritson 
has  compiled  a  volume  of  ballads  re- 
specting him.  Drayton  has  given  a 
sketch  of  him  in  th^  PolyoUmmy  xxvi. 
The  fallowing  are  dramas  on  the  same  out- 
law, via.:— 1%*  Playe  of  Bobyn  Hoik^very 
proper  to  be  played  tn  Maye  gamee  (fif- 
teenth century);  Skelton,  at  the  com- 
mand of  Henry  VIII.,  wrote  a  drama 
caUed  The  Downfall  of  Robert  Earl  of 
Bumtmgtom  (about  1520) ;  The  DoumfaU 
of  Egbert  Eetrl  of  huntingtoHj  by  Mnnday 
(1597) ;  The  Death  of  Jtobert  £arle  of 
Nw^ngton,  othermee  called  Mobin  Hoed 
of  Merrie  Sherwodde,  by  H.  Chettle 
(1598).  Chettle^B  drama  is  in  Mality  a 
oontinnation  of  Mnnday*s,  like  the  two 
parts  ot  Shakespeare*s  plays,  Henry  /K. 
and  Henry  F.  JUtbin  Hoocte  Penn*orth8, 
a  pUy  by  Wm.  Haawhton  (1600) ;  Jiolnn 
HoodmdHie  PaetcrS  May  Oamet  (1624), 
£obinHoodandHiBCrewofSoUier»(\Bi7), 
both  anoovmoM ;  Ute  Sad  Shepherd  or  a 
Tale  ofMobin  Hood  (unfinished),  B.  Jonson 
0687) :  Jtobm  Hood,  an  opera  (1780) ; 
JSobin  Hood,  an  opens  by  Dr.  Arne  and 
Bumc^  (1741)  %  Jtobin  Hood,  a  musical 
faroe  (1751) ;  Mobin  Hood,  a  comie  opera 
(1784) ;  BobinHood,  anoperabyO'Keef^ 
music  by  Shield  (1787) ;  Hobim  Hood,  by 
Maonally  (before  1820).  Sheridan  b«^ 
a  drama  on  the  s%me  subject,  which  he 
called  Hie  Foreetere, 

Pbriphb'txs  (4  tyl,)  of  ArgOlis,  sur- 
named  **  The  Club-Bearer,'*  because  he 
used  to  kill  his  victims  with  an  iron 
club. — Orecian  Story, 

Procrustes  (8  syL),  a  famous  robber 
of  Attica.  His  real  name  was  Polype- 
mon  or  Damast&i,  but  he  received  the  so- 

3t 


THINK. 


$H    THIRTEEN  PBBCIOnS  THINGS. 


briquet  of  FrocnuHt  or  **  The  Stretcher/' 
from  his  practice  of  pUcing  mil  vktims 
th*t  fell  into  hie  handi  on  a  certain 
bedttea<L  If  the  victim  was  too  short 
to  fit  it,  he  stretched  the  limbs  to  the 
right  length ;  if  too  long,  he  lopped  off 
the  redundant  part.— (Tfvoiaii  Story. 

Rba  ( Watiam),  execnted  at  Old  Baitey 
in  1828. 

Shbppabd  (Jack),  an  ardent,  reckless, 

Sncroos  youtk,  wholly  unriTalled  as  a 
ief  and  burglar.  His  father  was  a 
carpenter  in  Spitalfields.  Sentence  of 
death  was  passed  on  him  in  August, 
1724;  but  when  the  warders  came  to 
take  hnn  to  execation,  they  found  he 
had  escaped.  He  was  apprehended  ra 
the  following  October,  and  again  made 
his  escape.  A  third  time  he  was  caught, 
and  in  November  snifered  death.  Cer- 
tainly the  most  popular  burglar  that  ever 
lived  (1701-1724). 

*«*  Daniel  Defoe  made  Jack  SUppard 
the  hero  of  a  rosoanoe  in  1724,  and  H. 
Ainsworth  in  1839. 

SiMia,  a  Corinthian  hiriiwajrman,  sor- 
named  **The  Pine-Bender,"  from  his 
custom  of  attaching  the  limbs  of  his 
victims  to  two  opposite  pines  forcibly 
bent  down.  Immediately  the  trees  were 
leleased.  thev  bounded  back,  tearing  the 
victim  limb  from  MmV.— Grecian  Story. 

TxB'MBRoa,  a  robber  of  PelofMHinesos, 
who  killed  his  ^'ictims  by  cracking  their 
skulls  against  his  own. 

TvKPiM  (Dick),  a  noted  highwayman 
(1711-1738).  His  ride  to  York  is  de- 
scribed by  H.  Ainsworth  in  his  Moohoood 
(1834). 

WuiTHKT  {Jame$\  the  last  of  the 
**  gentlemanly  *'  highwaymen.  He  prided 
himself  on  being  **  the  glass  of  fskshion, 
and  the  mould  of  form.'*  Ezeeiited  at 
Porter's  Block,  near  Smithfield  (1660- 
1694). 

WiLi>  (/onoiAoii),  a  cool,  calculating, 
titftiiiofip  villain,  with  the  voice  of  a 
Stentor.  He  was  bom  at  Wolverhamp- 
ton, in  Staflordshixe,  and,  like  Sheppaid, 
was  the  son  of  a  carpenter.  Unlike 
Sheppard,  this  cold-blooded  villain  was 
universally  execrated.  He  was  hanged 
at  Tyburn  (1682-1725). 

*«*  Defoe  made  Jonathan  Wild  the 
hero  of  a  romance  in  1726 ;  Fielding  in 
1744. 

Think.  It  was  Descartes  who  said, 
"  I  think,  and  therefore  1  exist "  {Cogtto, 
ergo  sum,  1596-1660). 

'**  Higher  than  himself  can  no  man 
think  "  was  the  saying  of  ProtSgOras. 


mnk.  •'GogitatioB  resides  net  in 
that  man  that  does  not  think.** — Shake- 
speare, ¥nntef'9  Tale,  act  i.  sc  2  (1604). 

Third  Founder  of  Borne  (The), 
CaiuB  Marius.  He  was  so  called  because 
he  overthrew  the  multitudinous  hordes  of 
Cambrians  and  Teuton^  who  came  to 
lick  up  the  Romans  as  the  oxen  of  the 
field  lick  up  ffrass  (b.c.  102). 

*«*  The  first  founder  was  Romnlns, 
and  the  second  Camillns. 

Thindl  and  mielgon,  two  gentle 
swains  who  were  kinsmen.  Thelgon 
exhorts  Thirsil  to  wake  his  **  too  long 
sleeping  Muse  ;**  and  Thirsil,  having  col- 
lected ue  nymi^s  and  shepherds  around 
him,  sang  to  them  the  song  of  The 
Furple  Island,— VhmemB  Fletcher,  Tht 
Pmrple  Island,  i.,  U.  (1638). 


Thirsty  {The),  Colraan  Itadai^ 
named  "liie  Thin^',**  was  a  monk  of  the 
rule  of  St  Patrick.  Itndaeh,  in  strict 
observance  of  tiie  Patrician  rule,  refused 
to  oneneh  his  thirst  even  in  the 
fiem,  aad^edin 


Thirteen  Freoioas  Things  of 
Britain. 

1.  Dybitwtn  (the  sword  of  Rhyd- 
derch  Hael).  If  any  man  except  Hael 
dtewthis  blade,  it  bmrst  iateaflasse  from 
point  to  hilt. 

2.  Thb  Basket  op  Gwtddvo 
Garamhir.  If  food  for  one  man  were 
put  therein,  it  multiplied  till  it  saficed 
for  a  hundred. 

8.  TuK  HoRX  OF  Bbak  Galbd,  in 
which  was  always  found  tte  very 
beverage  that  each  drinker  most  desired. 

4.  The  Plattbk  of  Khsotxtdd 
TsooLHAio,  which  always  contained  the 
very  food  that  the  eater  most  liked. 

6.  The  Chabiot  op  Moroax 
MwTirvAWK.  Whoever  sat  therein  waa 
transported  instantaneonaly  to  the  place 
he  wished  to  go  to. 

6.  The  Halteb  op  Cltdno  Eiddtv. 
Whatever  horse  he  wished  for  was  always 
found  therein.  It  hung  on  a  staple  at 
the  foot  of  his  bed. 

7.  The  Knife  op  Llawpboddsd 
Farcrawo,  which  would  serve  twenty- 
four  men  simultaneously  at  any  meal. 

8.  The  Caldron  op  Ttrnoo.  If 
meat  were  put  in  for  a  brave  man,  it  waa 
cooked  instantaneously :  but  meat  for  a 
coward  would  never  get  boiled  therein. 

9.  The  Whetstone  op  Tudwal 
Ti^DCLVD.  If  the  sword  of  a  brave  man 
were   sharpened    thereon,  its    cnt    was 


THIBTEEN  UNLUCKY. 


995 


THOMAS  A  KEMPIS. 


ctrtain  deadi ;  bot  if  of  *  coward,  the 
cut  was  hftrinleM. 

10.  Thb  Robb  op  Padarn  Bbisrudd, 
whiiA  fitted  every  one  of  gentle  birth, 
bnt  no  churl  could  wear  it. 

11.  Thk  Ma!Itlk  of  Tegau  Eur- 
TRON,  which  only  fitted  ladies  whose 
conduct  was  irreproachable. 

12.  The  Mantle  of  kino  Arthur, 
ikhidi  could  be  worn  or  used  as  a  carpet, 
and  whoever  wore  it  or  stood  on  it  was 
invisible.  This  mantle  or  carpet  was 
called  Gwenn. 

*«^  The  ring  of  Luned  rendered  the 
wearer  invisible  so  long  as  the  stone  of  it 
was  concealed. 

Id.  The  Chessboard  or  Gwend- 
DOLJBV.  When  the  men  were  placed 
apon  it  they  played  of  themselves.  The 
board  was  of  gold,  and  the  men  silver. 
—  WeUh  Romance. 


Thirteen  Unluoli^.  It  is 
that  it  u  unlucky  for  thirteen  persons  to 
sit  down  to  dinner  at  the  same  table, 
because  one  of  the  number  will  die  before 
the  year  is  out.  This  silly  superstition  is 
based  on  the  "  Last  Supper,"  when  Christ 
and  His  twelve  disciples  sat  at  meat 
together.  Jesus,  of  course,  was  crucified ; 
and  Judas  Iscariot  hanged  himself. 

Thirty  (  The),  So  the  Spartan  senate 
established  by  Lycnrgos  was  called. 

Similarly,  the  Venetian  senate  was 
called  "  The  Forty." 

Thirty  Tyrants  {The),  So  tiie 
governors  appointed  by  Lysander  the 
Spartan  over  Athens  were  called  (r.o. 
404).  Thev  continued  in  power  only 
eight  months,  when  Thrasybolos  deposed 
them  and  restored  the  republic. 

"Tto  Tldnr"  pat  mora  people  lo  dMth  in  dgbt 
•MBtka  of  pMM  Uum  Um  eaeawr  bad  doM  tai  %  var  of 


Thirty  Tyrants  of  Borne  {The), 
a  fanciful  name,  applied  by  Trebellins 
PoUio  to  a  set  of  adventurers  who  tried 
to  make  Uiemselves  masters  of  Rome  at 
sundry  times  between  a.d.  260  and  267. 

The  number  was  not  thirtv,  and  the 
analogy  between  them  and  ^^'Tbe  Thirty 
Tyrants  of  Athens"  is  scarcely  percep- 

Thirty  Years'  War  {The),  a 
series  of  wars  between  the  protestants 
and  catholics  of  Germany,  terminated  by 
the  **  Peace  of  Westphalia."  The  war 
arose  thus :  The  emperor  of  Austria 
int^ered  in  the  struggle  between  the 
protestants  and  catholics,  by  depriving 


the  protestants  of  Bohemia  of  their 
religious  privil^^ ;  in  consequence  of 
which  the  protestants  flew  to  arms. 
After  the  contest  had  been  going  on  for 
some  years,  Richelieu  joined  the  protest- 
ants (1685),  not  from  any  love  to  their 
cause,  but  solely  to  humiliate  Austria  and 
Spain  (1618-1648). 

The  Peloponnesian  war  between  Athens 
and  SparU  is  called  «'  The  Thirty  Tears* 
•  War"  (B.C.  404-481). 

Thisbe  (2  ay/.),  a  beautiful  Baby- 
lonian maid,  beloved  bv  PVr&mus,  her 
next-door  neighbour.  As  their  pwents 
forbade  their  marriage,  they  contrived  to 
hold  intercourse  with  each  other  through 
a  chink  in  the  garden  wall.  Once  they 
i^reed  to  meet  at  the  tomb  of  Ninus. 
l^bd  was  first  at  the  trysting-place, 
but,  beine  scared  by  a  lion,  took  to  flight, 
and  accidentally  dropped  her  robe,  which 
the  lion  tore  and  stained  with  blood. 
Pyramus,  seeing  the  blood-stained  robe, 
thought  that  the  lion  had  eaten  Thisbd, 
and  so  killed  himself.  \Vhen  Thisbd  re- 
turned and  saw  her  lover  dead,  she  killed 
herself  also.  Shakespeare  has  burlesqued 
this  pretty  tale  in  bis  Midwmmer  NighVt 
Dream  (1592). 

Thom'alin,  a  shepherd  who  laughed 
to  scorn  the  notion  of  love,  but  was 
ultimately  entangled  in  its  wiles.  He 
tells  Willy  that  one  day,  hearing  a 
rustling  in  a  bush,  he  discharged  an 
arrow,  when  up  flew  Cupid  into  a  tree. 
A  battle  ensued  between  them,  and  when 
the  shepherd,  having  spent  all  his  arrows, 
ran  away,  Cupid  shot  him  in  the  hoel. 
Thomalin  did  not  much  heed  the  wound 
at  first,  but  soon  it  festered  inwardly  and 
nmkled  daily  more  and  more. — Spenser, 
ShephearcUts  Calendar,  ui.  (1679). 

Thomalin  is  again  introdnoMl  in  eel. 
vii.,  when  he  inveighs  against  the 
catholic  priests  in  gmeral,  and-  the  shep- 
herd Palinode  (8  $yl,)  in  particular. 
This  eclogue  could  not  have  been  written 
before  1578,  as  it  refers  to  the  seques- 
tration of  Grindal  archbishop  of  Can- 
terbury in  that  year. 

Thomas  (Monsieur),  the  fellow- 
traveller  of  Val'entine.  valentine's  niece 
Mary  is  in  love  with  him. — Beaumont 
and  Fletcher,  Mons,  Thomas  (1619). 

Thomas  {Sir),  a  dogmatical,  prating, 
self-sufficient  squire,  whose  judjraients 
are  but  "justices'  justice." — Cnhhe. 
Borough,  x.  (1810). 

Thomas  k  Kempis,  the  pseudo- 


THOMAS  THE  RHTMSR. 


THORNTON. 


njm  €ft  Jean  Charlier  de  Gcnon  (1868- 
1429).  Some  say,  of  ThoBUW  HlUnmer- 
lain  MaledluB  (1380-1471). 

Thomas  the  Bh^mer  or  ^^Thomas 
of  Erceldooiii**  an  ancient  Scottish  bard. 
His  name  was  Thomas  Learmont,  and  he 
lived  in  the  days  of  Wallace  (thirteenth 
oentory). 

Thk 


—  , the  Merita  of  iDoClMrf.  ... 

■  ifkhn  M  irJl  •■  m  poet  a»d  proplint.    BcbaDcfid 
■tUTto  be  Uvlng  tn  Um  Uod  of  FMiy.  ani  k  npastod  to' 
iMarn  at  mom  grut  cooTUbloa  of  ■ooMy,  la  wnidi  h«  b 
to  ad  a  dMumblMd  part.— «r  W.  Soott.  OaaUt  Mtm- 


*«*  If  Thomas  the  Rhjrmer  lived  in 
the  thirteenth  century,  it  ia  an  ana- 
ehronitm  to  allude  to  him  in  Oa$tle 
JDan^eronSf  the  plot  of  which  novel  ia 
laid  in  the  twelftn  oentory. 

*«*  Thomas  the  Rh3rineri  aad  Thomas 
Rymer  were  totallv  different  persons. 
The  latter  was  an  hbtoriographer,  who 
compiled  The  Fcsdera  (1688-1718). 

Thopas  (Sir)y  a  native  of  Poperyng, 
in  Flanders ;  a  capital  sportsman,  archer, 
wrestler,  and  runner.  Sir  Thopas  re- 
solved to  marry  no  one  but  an  "  elf 
J[ueen,**aad  accordinglv  started  forFaCry- 
and.  On  his  way,  he  met  the  three- 
headed  giant  Olifaunt,  who  challenged 
him  to  single  combat.  Sir  Thopas  asked 
permission  to  go  for  his  armour,  and 
promised  to  me^  the  ^nt  next  day. 
Here  mine  host  broke  m  with  the  ex- 
clamation, *'  Intolerable  stuff ! "  and  the 
story  was  left  unfinished.  —  (Chaucer, 
CarUerlmry  Tahs  (**The  Rime  of  Sir 
Thopas,**  1388). 

Thor»  eldest  son  of  Odin  and  Frigga ; 
strongest  and  bravest  of  the  gods.  He 
laanoaed  the  thnnder,  presided  over  the 
air  and  the  seasons,  and  protected  man 
from  lightning  and  evil  spirits. 

Hm  wife  was  Sif  ("  love'*). 

His  chariot  was  drawn  by  two  he- 
goats. 

His  maoa  or  hamm»  w«8  called 
M joiner. 

His  belt  was  Megingjard.  Whenever 
he  nut  it  on  his  strength  was  doubled. 

His  palace  was  Thmdvangr.  It  con- 
tained 540  halls. 

Thursday  is  Thor's  day. — Soandinavian 
Mythoiogy, 

The  word  means  **  Refuge  from  terror.'* 

Thoresby  (Broad)^  one  of  the 
troopers  under  Fitzurse. — Sir  W.  Soott, 
Ivanhoe  (time,  Richard  I.). 

ThomTberry  (^«6),  a  brazier  in 
Penzance.     He   was  a  Uont  but  kind 


man,  strictly  honest,  most  charitaUa, 
and  doting  on  bis  daughter  Manr.  Job 
Thomberry  is  called  *' John  Bull,^  and  is 
meant  to  be  a  type  of  a  genuine  Fjtglish 
tradesman,  unsophisticated  b^  cant  and 
foreign  manners.  He  failed  in  business 
** through  the  treadiery  of  a  friend  ;**  but 
Peregrine,  to  whom  he  bad  lent  ten 
ffuineas,  returning  from  Calcutta  after 
tne  absence  of  thirty  yeara,  gave  him 
£10,000,  which  he  said  hia  loan  had 
grown  to  by  honest  trade. 

Mary  ITuymberry,  his  daughter,  in  love 
with  Frank  Rochdale,  son  and  heir  of  sir 
Simon  Rochdale,  whom  ultimately  she 
married. — G.  Colman,  junior,  Johi  Bmtt 
(1806). 

Thomhawgh  (Colomef),  an  ofieer  ia 
CromweU's  army.— Sir  W.  Soott,  Wood- 
tkjok  (time,  Commonwealth). 

ThornhiU  (Sk-  Wiilkan),  aliat  Mr. 
B«rchell,  about  90  years  <tf  age.  Vost 
generous  and  most  whimsical,  moat  bene 
volent  and  moat  sensitive.  Sir  William 
was  the  landlord  of  Dr.  Primrose,  the 
vicar  of  Wakefield.  After  travellins 
throufj^  Europe  on  foot,  he  had  returned 
and  hved  moogmto*  In  the  garb  and 
aspect  of  a  pauper,  Mr.  Bvrdieiris  intro- 
duced to  the  vicar  of  Wakefield.  Twiee 
he  rescued  his  daughter  Sophia — once 
when  she  was  thrown  from  her  horse  into 
a  deep  stream,  and  once  when  she  was 
abdu4^ed  by  squire  Thomhill.  Ultimately 
he  married  her. — (joldsmith,  Thg  Vicar  of 
WaktjUstd  (1766). 

Thomhill  (S^'rv),  Be|iliew  of  sir 
William  ThornhiU.  He  enjoyed  a  lar;^ 
fortune,  but  was  entirely  dependent  on  his 
uncle.  He  was  a  sad  libertine,  who 
abducted  both  the  daughters  of  Dr. 
Primrose,  and  cast  the  old  vicar  into  jail 
for  rent  after  the  entire  loss  of  his  house, 
money,  furniture,  and  books  by  fire. 
Squire  Thomhill  tried  to  impose  upon 
Olivia  IMmrose  b^  a  false  marriage,  but 
was  caught  in  his  own  trap,  for  Uie 
marriage  proved  to  be  l^sal  in  every 
respect. — (xoldsmith.  The  Vmmt  of  WahB- 
field  (1766). 

Tlilt  wortfar  dUm  abond  tkc  ariitocncj  bmi^  mi  Ika 
Mine  prtodpb  at  CbeWrOliriadrpradatad  «)ak«  Tbor*. 
bUI  :-4ie  had  a  »Mkii«  aSbottoB  for  wkat  W  ataMi.^ 
UirdLxtton. 

Thornton  {CaptamV  an  English 
officer.— Sir  W.  Scott,  £kb  Boy  (tame, 
George  I.). 

Thornton  (Cyril),  the  hero  and  title  of 
a  no /el  of  military  adventure  by  oi^itniB 
Thomas  Hamilton  (lft)7). 


THOBOUGH  DOCTOB. 


W7       THREE  A  DIVINE  NUMBER. 


Thorough J>OGUxr (The),  William 
Yftrro  was  called  Doctor  Funddius  (thir- 
t«ttiUi  oantory). 

Thon^htAil  (Father),  Nidiolas 
Gat/inet,  a  marebal  of  France.  So  called 
bv  his  soldiers  for  his  cautions  and 
«&oughtfttl  policy  (1687-1712). 

ThoughtleBS  (J/im  B^tg),  a  vir- 
tuous, sensible,  and  amiable  youqg  lady, 
utterly  regardless  of  the  coaventionalities 
of  society,  and  wholly  ignorant  of  eti- 
c|uette.  She  is  consequently  for  ever 
involved  in  petty  scrapes  most  mortifying 
to  her  sensitive  mind.  Even  her  lover  is 
alarmed  at  her  gaucherigy  and  deliberates 
whether  such  a  partner  for  life  is  de- 
sirable.—  Mrs.  Heywood,  Jliu  Betty 
ThouqktleM  (1697-1758). 

(Mrs.  Hey  wood's  novel  evidently  sug- 
gested the  Evetma  of  Miss  Barney, 
1778.) 

Thouloiise  (Jtaymond  amnt  ofU  fftt 
ef  tke  crusading  princes. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Comd  Sobert  of  Park  (time,  Rufus). 

Thraso,  a  bragging,  swaggering 
captain,  the  Roman  Bobadil  (g.o.). — 
Terence,  The  Etmuch. 

Ukramt,  duke  of  Mar,  oae  of  the  allies 
ef     Charlemagne.  —  Arioet»>      OrUmdo 
(1516). 


Threadneedle  Street  (London),  a 

corruption  of  Thridenal  Streety  i.e,  the 
third  street  from  Cheapside.  (Anglo- 
Saxon,  thndda,  ^^third.*") 

Three  a  DiTine  Number.  Py- 
thagoras calls  three  the  perfect  number, 
expressive  of  **beghinit^,  middle,  and 
end,**  and  he  makes  it  a  symbol  of  deity. 

Amkricait  Indians:  Otkon  (creator), 
Meeeon  (promdence)^  Atahuata  (the 
Logoe), 

(Called  Otkon  by  the  Iroquois,  and 
Otkte  by  the  Yirainians.) 

Armorica.  The  korrigans  or  fays  of 
Armoriea  are  tiiree  times  three. 

Brahmins  X  Brahma,  Vishnu,  Siva. 

Buddhists:  Buddha,  Annan  Sonsja, 
Roeia  Sonsja. 

(These  are  tiie  three  idols  seen  in 
Boddhist  temples ;  Buddha  stands  in  Ae 
middle.) 

Cbrmttaiis:  The  Fathw,  the  Son  (the 
Loom),  the  Holy  Ghost. 

When,  in  creation,  the  earth  was  with- 
out form  and  void,  **  tiie  Spirit  moved 
over  the  face,**  and  put  it  into  order. 

Egyptians  (Ancient),  Almost  each 
Home  had  its  own  triad,  but  the  most 


general  were  Osiris,  Iflis,  Horns;  EictoB, 

Cneph  (creator),  Phtha.--Jambli<^us. 

Etruscans.     Their  college  consisted 

of  three  times  three  gods. 

Ian  PWBflnaorClMhtia. 

B)r  the  nine  aodk  he  tmon 
That  the  Rraat  noaM  of  Ttrqute 
told  Mfer  wraag  no  aote. 

Fh«    


lSt2). 


Kamtsohadalss  :  Koutkhou  (creaior 
of  heaven),  Kouhttigith,  his  sister  (creator 
ofearth)y  Outleigin  (creator  of  ocean)  ^ 

Parsbbs:  Ahura  (the  creator),  Yohu 
Mano  ("enUty"),  Akem  Mano  ("non- 
entity '*). 

Pbrsians:  Ofomasd^  or  OromAzte 
(the  good  principle),  Arimands  (the  eeil 
prmdple),  Mithras  (fecmtditu). 

Others  give  ZervanS  (god  the  father)^ 
and  omit  Mithras  from  the  trinity. 

Pbruvians  (Andent) :  Pachama  (god- 
deu  mothery,  Virakotcha  (=Juptter), 
Mamakotcha  (=Neptvne),  They  called 
their  trinity  '* Tangatanga**  (i^.  ''three 
in  one  ")• 

Ph<enician8  :  Kol|na  (the  Logos),  Ba- 
aut  (" darkness ''),  Mot  ("matter"). 

Romans  (Ancient):  Jupiter  (god  of 
heaven),  Neptune  (god  of  earth  and  teai, 
Fluto  (aod  of  heU). 

(Their  whole  college  of  gods  consisted 
of  four  times  three  deities.) 

Scandinavians  :  Odin  ("  life  **),  "Em- 
nir  ("motion '*),  Loda  (" matter"). 

Tahitians:  Taroataihetoomoo  (chief 
deitii),  Tepapa  (the  fecund  principle), 
Tettoomatataya  (their  offspring), 

Lao-Tsen,  the  Chinese  philosopher, 
says  the  divine  trinity  is :  Ki,  Hi,  Ouei. 

Orpheus  sa3rs  it  is;  Phante  (l*Qhi), 
Urftnos  (heaven),  Krooos  (time)* 

Plato  says  it  is :  To  Ag&thon  (good- 
n^ess).  Nous  (isUelligenoe)^  Psuchd  (tU 
mwidane  soul), 

Pythagoras  says  it  is:  Monad  (the 
unit  or  oneness)^  Nous,  PsuchS. 

Yossius  says  it  is :  Jupiter  (divine 
power),  Minerva  (the  Logos),  Juno  (divine 
progemtiveness). 

Subordinate.  The  orders  of  Angbls 
are  three  times  three,  viz. :  (1)  Seraphim, 
(2)  Cherubim,  (3)  Thrones,  (4)  Dominions, 
(6)  Virtues,  (6)  Powers,  (7)  Principalities, 
(8)  Archanirels,  (9)  Angels. — ^Dionysius 
the  AreopSgite. 

In  heaven  ttbo«* 
The  eAiliient  bendi  In  triple  drdet  man. 

Ttmo,  Jtrtmmltm  DtUmtr^  xL  IS  (IBTI). 

The  Cttibs  of  Rbfugb  were  three  on 
each  side  the  Jordan. 

The  Fatea  are  three :  Clotho  (with  her 
distaff,  presides  at  birth),  LadiSsii  (spins 


I 


THBEE  ▲  DITINE  NUMBER.      MS      TH8XB  A  DIVINS  NUMBER. 


of   life),  AtrOpofl  (cuts  the 
mre    three :     TUipon^, 


the  thiead 
thread). 

The    FuBiBt 
Alecto,  MegKrm. 

The  Gracbs  are  three:  Bnphros'ynd 
(cheerfulness  of  mind),  AgUU  {mirth) ^ 
Thalia  {good-tempered ^$t). 

The  JuDOKS  OP  HADK8  are  three : 
Minot  {the  chief  baron) ^  iEacns  {the  judge 
of  Europeans)  y  Rhadainanthaa  {the  judge 
^  Asiatics  and  Africans), 

The  Musics  are  three  tines  three. 

Jupiter*8  thunder  is  three-forked  {tri- 
fidum) ;  Nept«De*s  trident  has  tiiree 
prongs ;  Pluto's  dog  GerbSms  has  three 
needs.  The  rivers  of  hell  are  three  times 
three,  and  Styx  flows  round  it  thrice 
three  times. 

In  Scandinavian  mjtholofj,  there  are 
three  times  tiiree  earths;  three  times 
three  worlds  in  Niflheim ;  three  times 
three  regions  under  the  dominion  of  Hel. 

Aoco^ng  to  a  medfaeval  tmdition,  tile 
heavens  are  three  times  three,  viz.,  the 
Moon,  Venus,  Mercury,  the  Sun,  Mars, 
Jnpiter,  Saturn,  the  fixed  stars,  and  the 
pnmum  mobllA 

Stmbolic.  (1)  In  the  tabernacle  and 
Jewish  Temple. 

The  Temple  consisted  of  three  parts: 
the  porch,  the  Temple  proper,  and  the 
holy  of  holies.  It  haa  ttiree  courts: 
the  court  of  the  priests,  the  court  of  the 
people,  and  the  court  of  foreigners.  The 
innermost  court  had  three  rows,  and 
three  windows  in  each  row  (1  Kings 
vi.  86  ;  viL  4). 

Similarly,  Esekiel's  tity  had  tiiree 
sates  on  each  side  {Exek,  xlviii.  81). 
Cyrus  left  direction  for  the  rebuilding  of 
the  Temple:  it  was  to  be  tiiree  score 
cubits  in  height,  and  three  score  cubits 
wide,  and  three  rows  of  great  stones 
were  to  be  set  up  {Ezra  vi.  8,  4).  In  Kke 
manner,  the  **  new  Jerusalem  *'  is  to  have 
four  times  three  foundations :  (1)  jasper, 
(2)  sapphire,  (8)  chalcedony,  (4J  emerald, 
(6)  sardonyx,  (6)  sardius,  (7)  chrysolyte, 
(8)  beryl,  (9)  topaz,  (10)  chiysoprase, 
(11)  jacinth,  (12)  amethyst  It  is  to 
have  three  gates  fronting  each  cardinal 
quarter  {Rev,  xxi.  18-20). 

(2)  In  the  Temple  Furniture:  The  golden 
candlestick  had  three  branches  on  each 
side  {Exod,  xxv.  82) ;  there  were  three 
bowls  (ver.  88^ ;  the  height  of  the  altar 
was  three  cubits  {Exod,  xxviL  1) ;  there 
were  three  pillars  for  the  hangings  (ver. 
14) ;  Solomon's  molten  sea  was  supported 
on  oxen,  three  facing  each  cardinal  point 
/]  Kings  vii.  25). 


(8)  Sacrifices  and  Oferings:  A  meat 
offering  consisted  of  three  tentli  deals  of 
fine  flour  (X^.  xiv.  10) ;  Hannah  offered 
up  three  bullocks  iriien  Samuel  was  devoted 
to  the  Temple  (1  Sam,  L  24) ;  three  sorts 
of  beasts-A>ullocks,  imms,  and  lambs — 
were  appointed  for  offnings  (Nwmk. 
xxix.) ;  the  Jews  were  commanded  to 
keep  three  national  feaats  vearly  (Exod. 
xxui.  14-17) ;  in  all  criminal  diargee  three 
witnesses  were  required  {Ikut,  xvil.  6). 

MucBLLAHBOUS  Thrbes.  Joshoasent 
three  men  from  each  tribe  to  surrey  the 
land  of  Canaan  (Joeh,  xviu.  4).     Moaes 
had  done  the  sanM  at  theexpress  command 
ofGod(JrMin6.xui.).  Job  had  three  friends 
(/o6ii.ll).  Abraham  wasaccosted  by  three 
men  (angels),  with  whom  he  ^eaded  to 
spare  the  cities  of  the  plain  (vem.  xviii. 
2).    Nebuchadnezzar  cast  three  men  into 
the  fiery  furnace  (D&n.  Bi.  24).     David 
had  three  mighty  men  of  valour,  and  one 
of  them  slew  800  of  thePbilistiacawkh  his 
spear  (2  iSsm.  xxui.  9,  18).    NebudMd- 
neszars   imi^^  was  three  score  eabils 
high  {Dan,  iii.  1).    Moses  was  hidden 
tiiree  months  from  the  Egyptian  police 
{Exod,  iL  2).    The  ark  oftlie  eovcnaafc 
was  three  months  in  the  house  of  Obed- 
edom  (2  Sa$n,  vi.   11).    BaUam  aaoote 
his   ass   three  times    before  the  beaat 
upbraided  him  {Numb,  xxiL  28).    Samse^ 
mocked  Delilah  three  times  (Judges  xvi. 
15).    Elijah  stretched  himself  three  times 
on  the  child  which  he  restored  to  life 
(1    Kings   xvii.    21).    The   little    horn 
plucked   up   three   horns   bv  the  roots 
(Am.  vii.  8).    The  bear  seen  hy  Dmiiel 
in  his  vision  had  three  ribs  ia  its  moath 
(ver.  5).    Joab  slew  Absalom  with  three 
darto    (2    Sam,    xviii.    14).    God    gava 
David  the  choice  of  three  rhsstiscments 
(2  Sam,  xxiv.   12).    The  great  famiae 
in  David's  reign  lasted  three  years  (2 
Sam,  xxi.  1) ;  so  did  the  great 'dionght 
in  Ahab's  reign  {Luke  iv.  25).    There 
were   three    men    transfigured   on    the 
mount,  and  three  spectators  {MaU,  xviL 
1-4).    The  sheet  was  let  down  to  Peter 
three   times    {Acts   x.   16).     There  are 
three  OiristiAn  graces :  Faith,  hape,  and 
charity  (1   Cor,    xiU.   18).     There   are 
three  that  bear  record  in  heaven,  and 
three  that  bear  witness  on  earth  (1  Jokm 
V.  7,  8).    There  were  three  aaclean  spirits 
that  came  out  of  the  month  of  the  dragon 
(Jtev,  xvi.  18). 

So  again.    Every  niath  wave  ia  said 
to  be  the  largest. 


[r*«y]  watdMd  Um  arart  «•  kB. 

mllliUar  tbM  tk«  iMtx 
'      '  "llMdMP 


Wa?e  ftfler  «»r«,  mtk 
TBilMt,aaliilb«M, 


THREE  ARDENT  LOVERS,  ETC.    «9>   THREE  C0CN8RLL1NG  KNIGHTS. 

af  the  court  of  king  Arthar :  (I)  Gwni- 
hw»Tmr  or  Gumever  wife  of  kinitArUitiTi 

(^)  Eoid,  who  dreuRl  in  "uure  robei,'' 


<l  Um  Uw,  b«tDg 

Claim,  \if  paucncG  VO  OUT^  k  ttdt 
through,  (3)  a  ((aad  ouuc,  (4)  k  (n»d 
lawyer,  (G)  a  good  coumel,  (H)  good 
witneuH,  (7)  ■  good  Jnry,  (8)  ■  good 
judge.  (U)  good  luck.  Leuei  uMd  to  be 
gruted  fur  999  jeut.  Ordeal*  by  Bre 
oKuiiited  of  UirM  timu  tluM  red-hot 
plOBKhiharea. 

There  are  three  timea  tbree  ecown* 
reoogaiied  in  heraldry,  and  three  tinea 
tluH  mark*  of  cadeDcr. 

We  ahuw  honour  by  a  UirH  tiraiia 
three  in  drinking  a  bealth. 

The  wurtliiei  are  three  Jewa,  three 
Ij1)ini,  and  Ibrae  Cbriettant:  viz., 
Joabaa,  OaTid,  and  Jndaa  Haeeabani; 
Heelin,  Alezander,  nd  Jalioi  Cmmu  : 
AiOw,  Chartenagoa,  and  Godfrey  M 
BoniUoB.  The  worthiea  of  Londoo  are 
IfaRC  tiato  three  abo:  (I)  air  William 
Walworth,  (2)  air  Henry  Pritcbard,  (3) 
■ir  WiUiam  Sevenoke,  (4)  air  Thomaa 
Vtliile,  (M  lir  John  Bonham,  (G)  Chria- 
topher  Craker,  (T)  air  Joba  tlawkwood, 

a, it  Hmrfl   Caverlej,   (9)    air  Henry 
everer  (Richard  Johuon,    TU    Xmt 
WorUiift  of  London). 
*,*  Thuie  who  take  uiy  intereat  in  this 


(See  bdaw,  the  Wttih  Tnadt.) 

Tlu««  Aidant  IiorersofBrltftln 

(TV) :  <1)  CMwallawn  *on  of  Beli,  the 
ardent  lover  of  Flnr  daughter  nt  Mug- 
nach  tioTT ;  (!)  Triitan  or  Triatram  eon 
at  Talluch,  the  ardent  lover  of  T«eult 
wife  of  Uarch  Hciivhawn  bis  nncle, 
generally  called  king  Hark  of  Cornwall ; 
{3)  Kynon  Km  of  Oydno  Eiddin,  the 
ardent  loTcr  nt  Horvytb  daughter  of 
Urien  of  Bheged.—  WelA  lYiada. 

ThTM  Bftnia  Enlghta  (m)  in 

the  court  of  king  Atthur:  (1)  Cadwr 
wrl  of  Cornwall :  (3)  LannaeEotdu  lac  ; 
(8)  Owain  Hin  of  IJneo  prince  of  Rbeged, 
u.  CamberUnd  and  >ome  of  the  ad- 
jacent landa.  Then  three  would  oevei 
retmt  from  battle,  neither  tor  spear, 
XII  ■word,  nor  arrow  ;  and  Arthur  knew 
DO  ihame  in  Gk'''  *1>™  '^J  *"*  praaeut. 
—  HUst  Thudt. 

Three  Beantiftil  Women  (TV) 


bCoel 


;   {8)  Tq^n  or  Tegan 


(1)  Bran  oi 
'  Uyr,  and  father  of  Candawe  f(h- 
m).  He  was  caUed  "  The  Bleiaed  " 
■e  he  introdiiced  Chriatianity  into 
itioa  of  the  Cynry  from  Rone ;  he 
itduring  his  eereo  yean'  detentkn 
-  it*  witb  bia  eon.  ())  Uenrig 
iCyllyn  Sast,  aunuuMd  "1^ 
Great  light.''  He  built  the  cathednl  of 
Uandair,  the  Brat  aaaetuary  in  Britain. 
(8)  Cadwaladyr,  who  gave  refuge  to  all 
belieren  driven  out  by  the  Saxoni  from 
Eagiaai.—  Wtlth  lyiaib,  hit. 

Thrw    Calanden    (TV),    three 

kin»  ■•' 


hooee  of  ZobeidS,  and  told  their  le- 
■pective  talea  in  the  preaeoce  of  Haron^ 
al-RaacUd^HiiDdisgniae.  (Bee  Calkh- 
dkiu,  p.  160.)  ~  ArainntXigJUMC  Tha 
Three  Calender*"). 

Three  Chief  Iiullea  (Tfie)  of  the 

island  of  BriUin  :  (1)  Branweu  daughter 
of  king  Utt,  "  the  fnirest  damael  in  the 


Three  CloBures  (^1  of  the  iaiand 
of  Britain  :  (1)  The  bead  of  Vran  *on  of 
Lljr,  sumamed  "The  Blwsed,"  which 
waa  buried  under  the  While  Tower  of 
London,  and  to  long  aa  it  retnuned  there, 
no  invader  would  enter  the  iaiand,  (!) 
The  bones  of  Vortimer,  aurnamed  "  llie 
Bleasad,"  buried  in  the  chief  harbour  of 
I   Oiey   I 

'  Bell,  in  the  city  of  Phaiaon,  in 
DwdoD  rocka.    (See  Thrrb  Fatal 
Miiua.)-HW>t  TViMts,  liu. 
Bs    CoimBelliiia     Knlshta 

of  the  court  of  king  Aithar:  (1) 
or  Cynon  son  of  Clydno  Eiddin  ; 
in  aon  of  Kynfiircb  ap  Heirchion 
3)  Llywirch  lljn  son  of  Elidir 
ryn.     So  long  as  Arthur  followed 

inrariable,  but  when  he  neglected  to 
follnw  their  counsel,  hie  defeat  waisurc 
—  WelMk  TMorfa. 


Dim 


TBBBB  PUDBMKP  CHiKFS.      1 

ThiM  IMadMiwd  Ctalaft  <7V) 
■f  tb*  itttmi  td  BriUia  i  (l)  Kai  ■«■  o4 
Kjna,  tlw  aawn  of  kiiif[  Aitbu.  Ht 
niqld  truuforu  hunielf  into  aoy  ■lu4tc 
he  plcusl.  Alir»i  tt»Aj  to  AtthC,  and 
■Imy*  wonted.  Half  knictit  and  halt 
baflona.  (t)  Ti7itaBBabTallwcfa,cHw 
of  Artbiu'*  laRc  hnaldi,  and  eiM  vboa 
•otfaliur  «*«ld  dlTcit  fTOV  U*  paniiiaa  ; 
Iw  ■«  gc^n^T  called  iir  TriMna.  <») 
Gwrryl  mab  GwoUd,  Ua  tlaMAotr. 
"  Wbm  mA,  he  wooM  let  DM  <«  hk  U|H 
dmp  Mow  U*  waiM,  vhilt  the  luiii 


TV 


p  liha  a 


tXT. 


TtaiM  DUkmd  TribM  (TV)  of 

the  itland  of  Briuin :  (1)  The  tribe  of 
GoroowT  Ptbvt,  whic